ACS712

ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Features and Benefits ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Low-noise analog signal path Device bandwidth is set via the new FILTER pin 5 μs output rise time in response to step input current 50 kHz bandwidth Total output error 1.5% at TA = 25°C, and 4% at –40°C to 85°C Small footprint, low-profile SOIC8 package 1.2 mΩ internal conductor resistance 2.1 kVRMS minimum isolation voltage from pins 1-4 to pins 5-8 5.0 V, single supply operation 66 to 185 mV/A output sensitivity Output voltage proportional to AC or DC currents Factory-trimmed for accuracy Extremely stable output offset voltage Nearly zero magnetic hysteresis Ratiometric output from supply voltage Description The Allegro® ACS712 provides economical and precise solutions for AC or DC current sensing in industrial, automotive, commercial, and communications systems. The device package allows for easy implementation by the customer. Typical applications include motor control, load detection and management, switched-mode power supplies, and overcurrent fault protection. The device consists of a precise, low-offset, linear Hall sensor circuit with a copper conduction path located near the surface of the die. Applied current flowing through this copper conduction path generates a magnetic field which is sensed by the integrated Hall IC and converted into a proportional voltage. Device accuracy is optimized through the close proximity of the magnetic signal to the Hall transducer. A precise, proportional voltage is provided by the low-offset, chopper-stabilized BiCMOS Hall IC, which is programmed for accuracy after packaging. The output of the device has a positive slope (>VIOUT(Q)) when an increasing current flows through the primary copper conduction path (from pins 1 and 2, to pins 3 and 4), which is the path used for current sensing. The internal resistance of this conductive path is 1.2 mΩ typical, providing low power Package: 8 pin SOIC (suffix LC) Approximate Scale 1:1 Continued on the next page… Typical Application +5 V 1 2 IP 3 4 IP+ VCC 8 7 VOUT CBYP 0.1 μF IP+ VIOUT ACS712 IP– FILTER IP– GND 6 5 CF 1 nF Application 1. The ACS712 outputs an analog signal, VOUT . that varies linearly with the uni- or bi-directional AC or DC primary sensed current, IP , within the range specified. CF is recommended for noise management, with values that depend on the application. ACS712-DS, Rev.1 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Description (continued) loss. The thickness of the copper conductor allows survival of the device at up to 5× overcurrent conditions. The terminals of the conductive path are electrically isolated from the sensor leads (pins 5 through 8). This allows the ACS712 current sensor to be used in applications requiring electrical isolation without the use of opto-isolators or other costly isolation techniques. Selection Guide Part Number ACS712ELCTR-05B-T ACS712ELCTR-20A-T ACS712ELCTR-30A-T Packing* Tape and reel, 3000 pieces/reel Tape and reel, 3000 pieces/reel Tape and reel, 3000 pieces/reel The ACS712 is provided in a small, surface mount SOIC8 package. The leadframe is plated with 100% matte tin, which is compatible with standard lead (Pb) free printed circuit board assembly processes. Internally, the device is Pb-free, except for flip-chip high-temperature Pb-based solder balls, currently exempt from RoHS. The device is fully calibrated prior to shipment from the factory. TOP (°C) –40 to 85 –40 to 85 –40 to 85 Optimized Range, IP (A) ±5 ±20 ±30 Sensitivity, Sens (Typ) (mV/A) 185 100 66 *Contact Allegro for additional packing options. Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic Supply Voltage Reverse Supply Voltage Output Voltage Reverse Output Voltage Output Current Source Output Current Sink Overcurrent Transient Tolerance Maximum Transient Sensed Current Nominal Operating Ambient Temperature Maximum Junction Storage Temperature Symbol VCC VRCC VIOUT VRIOUT IIOUT(Source) IIOUT(Sink) IP IR(max) TA TJ(max) Tstg 100 total pulses, 250 ms duration each, applied at a rate of 1 pulse every 100 seconds. Junction Temperature, TJ < TJ(max) Range E Notes Rating 8 –0.1 8 –0.1 3 10 60 60 –40 to 85 165 –65 to 170 Units V V V V mA mA A A ºC ºC ºC TÜV America Certificate Number: U8V 06 05 54214 010 Parameter Fire and Electric Shock Specification CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950-1-03 UL 60950-1:2003 EN 60950-1:2001 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 2 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Functional Block Diagram +5 V VCC (Pin 8) Hall Current Drive IP+ (Pin 1) Sense Temperature Coefficient Trim Dynamic Offset Cancellation IP+ (Pin 2) Signal Recovery RF(INT) VIOUT (Pin 7) IP− (Pin 3) IP− (Pin 4) Sense Trim 0 Ampere Offset Adjust GND (Pin 5) FILTER (Pin 6) Pin-out Diagram IP+ IP+ IP– IP– 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VCC VIOUT FILTER GND Terminal List Table Number 1 and 2 3 and 4 5 6 7 8 Name IP+ IP– GND FILTER VIOUT VCC Description Terminals for current being sensed; fused internally Terminals for current being sensed; fused internally Signal ground terminal Terminal for external capacitor that sets bandwidth Analog output signal Device power supply terminal Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 3 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor COMMON OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS1 over full range of TOP , CF = 1 nF, and VCC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Characteristic Supply Voltage Supply Current Output Zener Clamp Voltage Output Resistance Output Capacitance Load Output Resistive Load Primary Conductor Resistance RMS Isolation Voltage DC Isolation Voltage Propagation Time Response Time Rise Time Frequency Bandwidth Nonlinearity Symmetry Zero Current Output Voltage Magnetic Offset Error Clamping Voltage VCL Power-On Time Magnetic 1Device Symbol VCC ICC VZ RIOUT CLOAD RLOAD RPRIMARY VISORMS VISODC tPROP tr f ELIN ESYM VIOUT(Q) VERROM VCH Test Conditions Min. 4.5 Typ. 5.0 8 8.3 1 – – 1.2 – 5000 3 7 5 – ±1 100 VCC × 0.5 0 Max. 5.5 11 – 2 10 – – – – – – – – ±1.5 102 – – Units V mA V Ω nF kΩ mΩ V V μs μs μs kHz % % V mV mV mV μs G/A kΩ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 5.0 V, output open ICC = 11 mA, TA = 25°C IIOUT = 1.2 mA, TA=25°C VIOUT to GND VIOUT to GND TA = 25°C Pins 1-4 and 5-8; 60 Hz, 1 minute, TA=25°C Pins 1-4 and 5-8; 1 minute, TA=25°C IP = IP(max), TA = 25°C, COUT = open IP = IP(max), TA = 25°C, COUT = open –3 dB, TA = 25°C; IP is 10 A peak-to-peak Over full range of IP Over full range of IP Bidirectional; IP = 0 A, TA = 25°C IP = 0 A, after excursion of 5 A 6 6 – – 4.7 – 2100 – – – – 50 – 98 – – Typ. –110 Typ. –110 Output reaches 90% of steady-state level, TJ = 25°C, 20 A present on leadframe – – RF(INT) tRESPONSE IP = IP(max), TA = 25°C, COUT = open VCC × Typ. +110 0.9375 VCC × Typ. +110 0.0625 35 12 1.7 – – tPO Coupling2 Internal Filter Resistance3 may be operated at higher primary current levels, IP, and ambient, TA , and internal leadframe temperatures, TOP , provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ(max), is not exceeded. 21G = 0.1 mT. 3R F(INT) forms an RC circuit via the FILTER pin. COMMON THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS1 Min. Operating Internal Leadframe Temperature Junction-to-Lead Thermal Resistance2 Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance 1Additional 2The Allegro Typ. – Max. 85 Value 5 23 Units °C Units °C/W °C/W TOP RθJL RθJA E range Mounted on the Allegro ASEK 712 evaluation board –40 Mounted on the Allegro 85-0322 evaluation board, includes the power consumed by the board thermal information is available on the Allegro website. evaluation board has 1500 mm2 of 2 oz. copper on each side, connected to pins 1 and 2, and to pins 3 and 4, with thermal vias connecting the layers. Performance values include the power consumed by the PCB. Further details on the board are available from the Frequently Asked Questions document on our website. Further information about board design and thermal performance also can be found in the Applications Information section of this datasheet. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 4 ACS712 Characteristic Optimized Accuracy Range Sensitivity2 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor x05A PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TOP = –40°C to 85°C1, CF = 1 nF, and VCC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Symbol IP SensTA SensTOP Over full range of IP, TA = 25°C Over full range of IP Peak-to-peak, TA= 25°C, 185 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 4.7 nF, COUT = open, 20 kHz bandwidth Noise VNOISE(PP) Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 185 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 47 nF, COUT = open, 2 kHz bandwidth Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 185 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 1 nF, COUT = open, 50 kHz bandwidth Electrical Offset Voltage Total Output Error3 1Device Test Conditions Min. –5 – 178 – – – –40 – Typ. – 185 – 45 20 75 – ±1.5 Max. 5 – 193 – – – 40 – Units A mV/A mV/A mV mV mV mV % VOE ETOT IP = 0 A IP =±5 A, TA = 25°C may be operated at higher primary current levels, IP, and ambient temperatures, TOP, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ(max), is not exceeded. 2At –40°C Sensitivity may shift as much 9% outside of the datasheet limits. 3Percentage of I , with I = 5 A. Output filtered. P P x20A PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TOP = –40°C to 85°C1, CF = 1 nF, and VCC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Characteristic Optimized Accuracy Range Sensitivity2 Symbol IP SensTA SensTOP Over full range of IP, TA = 25°C Over full range of IP Peak-to-peak, TA= 25°C, 100 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 4.7 nF, COUT = open, 20 kHz bandwidth Noise VNOISE(PP) Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 100 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 47 nF, COUT = open, 2 kHz bandwidth Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 100 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 1 nF, COUT = open, 50 kHz bandwidth Electrical Offset Voltage Total Output Error3 1Device Test Conditions Min. –20 – 97 – – – –30 – Typ. – 100 – 24 10 40 – ±1.5 Max. 20 – 103 – – – 30 – Units A mV/A mV/A mV mV mV mV % VOE ETOT IP = 0 A IP =±20 A, TA = 25°C may be operated at higher primary current levels, IP, and ambient temperatures, TOP, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ(max), is not exceeded. 2At –40°C Sensitivity may shift as much 9% outside of the datasheet limits. 3Percentage of I , with I = 20 A. Output filtered. P P x30A PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TOP = –40°C to 85°C1, CF = 1 nF, and VCC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Characteristic Optimized Accuracy Range Sensitivity2 Symbol IP SensTA SensTOP Over full range of IP , TA = 25°C Over full range of IP Peak-to-peak, TA= 25°C, 66 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 4.7 nF, COUT = open, 20 kHz bandwidth Noise VNOISE(PP) Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 66 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 47 nF, COUT = open, 2 kHz bandwidth Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 66 mV/A programmed Sensitivity, CF = 1 nF, COUT = open, 50 kHz bandwidth Electrical Offset Voltage Total Output Error3 1Device Test Conditions Min. –30 – 64 – – – –30 – Typ. – 66 – 20 7 35 – ±1.5 Max. 30 – 68 – – – 30 – Units A mV/A mV/A mV mV mV mV % VOE ETOT IP = 0 A IP = ±30 A , TA = 25°C may be operated at higher primary current levels, IP, and ambient temperatures, TOP, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ(max), is not exceeded. 2At –40°C Sensitivity may shift as much 9% outside of the datasheet limits. 3Percentage of I , with I = 30 A. Output filtered. P P Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 5 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor IP = 5 A, Sens = 185 mV/A unless otherwise specified Characteristic Performance Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature VCC = 5 V 10.0 9.5 Mean ICC (mA) 9.0 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 -50 0 50 100 TA (°C) 150 200 ICC (mA) 8.5 Supply Current versus Supply Voltage 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.9 9.7 9.5 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.7 8.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 VCC (V) 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Magnetic Offset versus Ambient Temperature 2.00 1.75 VERROM (mV) 1.50 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0 -50 0 50 100 TA (°C) 150 200 ELIN (%) 1.25 Nonlinearity versus Ambient Temperature 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -50 IP = 10 A 0 50 100 TA (°C) 150 200 Mean Total Output Error versus Ambient Temperature 15.0 Mean ETOT (%) 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 -10.0 -15.0 -50 0 50 100 TA (°C) 150 200 IP = 10 A Output Voltage versus Sensed Current 4.5 4.0 Sens (mV/A) 3.5 VIOUT (V) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 Ip (A) 4 6 8 10 TA (°C) 150 85 25 -40 188.0 186.0 184.0 182.0 180.0 178.0 Sensitivity versus Sensed Current TA (°C) 85 25 -40 176.0 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 Ip (A) 4 6 8 10 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 6 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor IP = 30 A, Sens = 66 mV/A unless otherwise specified Characteristic Performance Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature VCC = 5 V 10.0 9.5 Mean ICC (mA) 9.0 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 -50 0 50 100 TA (°C) 150 200 ICC (mA) 8.5 Supply Current versus Supply Voltage 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.9 9.7 9.5 9.3 9.1 8.9 8.7 8.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 VCC (V) 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Magnetic Offset Current versus Ambient Temperature 1.00 0.80 VERROM (mV) ELIN (%) 0 50 100 TA (°C) 150 200 0.60 0.40 0.20 0 Nonlinearity versus Ambient Temperature 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -50 0 50 100 TA (°C) 150 200 -50 Mean Total Output Error versus Ambient Temperature 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 -3.0 -4.0 -5.0 -50 Mean ETOT (%) 0 50 100 TA (°C) 150 200 Output Voltage versus Sensed Current 4.5 4.0 Sens (mV/A) 3.5 VIOUT (V) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -30 -20 -10 0 Ip (A) 10 20 30 TA (°C) 150 85 25 -40 70.0 65.0 60.0 55.0 75.0 Sensitivity versus Sensed Current TA (°C) 85 25 -40 50.0 -30 -20 -10 0 Ip (A) 10 20 30 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 7 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Definitions of Accuracy Characteristics Sensitivity (Sens). The change in sensor output in response to a 1 A change through the primary conductor. The sensitivity is the product of the magnetic circuit sensitivity (G / A) and the linear IC amplifier gain (mV/G). The linear IC amplifier gain is programmed at the factory to optimize the sensitivity (mV/A) for the full-scale current of the device. Noise (VNOISE). The product of the linear IC amplifier gain (mV/G) and the noise floor for the Allegro Hall effect linear IC (≈1 G). The noise floor is derived from the thermal and shot noise observed in Hall elements. Dividing the noise (mV) by the sensitivity (mV/A) provides the smallest current that the device is able to resolve. Linearity (ELIN). The degree to which the voltage output from the sensor varies in direct proportion to the primary current through its full-scale amplitude. Nonlinearity in the output can be attributed to the saturation of the flux concentrator approaching the full-scale current. The following equation is used to derive the linearity: 100 1– Accuracy is divided into four areas: • 0 A at 25°C. Accuracy of sensing zero current flow at 25°C, without the effects of temperature. • 0 A over Δ temperature. Accuracy of sensing zero current flow including temperature effects. • Full-scale current at 25°C. Accuracy of sensing the full-scale current at 25°C, without the effects of temperature. • Full-scale current over Δ temperature. Accuracy of sensing fullscale current flow including temperature effects. Ratiometry. The ratiometric feature means that its 0 A output, VIOUT(Q), (nominally equal to VCC/2) and sensitivity, Sens, are proportional to its supply voltage, VCC . The following formula is used to derive the ratiometric change in 0 A output voltage, ΔVIOUT(Q)RAT (%). 100 VIOUT(Q)VCC / VIOUT(Q)5V {[ Δ gain × % sat ( VIOUT_full-scale amperes – VIOUT(Q) ) 2 (VIOUT_half-scale amperes – VIOUT(Q) ) [{  VCC / 5 V  The ratiometric change in sensitivity, ΔSensRAT (%), is defined as: 100 SensVCC / Sens5V where VIOUT_full-scale amperes = the output voltage (V) when the sensed current approximates full-scale ±IP . Symmetry (ESYM). The degree to which the absolute voltage output from the sensor varies in proportion to either a positive or negative full-scale primary current. The following formula is used to derive symmetry: 100 VIOUT_+ full-scale amperes – VIOUT(Q) ‰ VCC / 5 V  Output Voltage versus Sensed Current Accuracy at 0 A and at Full-Scale Current Increasing VIOUT(V) Accuracy Over Temp erature Accuracy 25°C Only Average VIOUT Accuracy Over Temp erature  VIOUT(Q) – VIOUT_–full-scale amperes  Quiescent output voltage (VIOUT(Q)). The output of the sensor when the primary current is zero. For a unipolar supply voltage, it nominally remains at VCC ⁄ 2. Thus, VCC = 5 V translates into VIOUT(Q) = 2.5 V. Variation in VIOUT(Q) can be attributed to the resolution of the Allegro linear IC quiescent voltage trim and thermal drift. Electrical offset voltage (VOE). The deviation of the device output from its ideal quiescent value of VCC / 2 due to nonmagnetic causes. To convert this voltage to amperes, divide by the device sensitivity, Sens. Accuracy (ETOT). The accuracy represents the maximum deviation of the actual output from its ideal value. This is also known as the total ouput error. The accuracy is illustrated graphically in the output voltage versus current chart at right. –IP (A) Accuracy 25°C Only IP(min) +IP (A) Full Scale IP(max) 0A Accuracy 25°C Only Accuracy Over Temp erature Decreasing VIOUT(V) Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 8 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Definitions of Dynamic Response Characteristics Propagation delay (tPROP). The time required for the sensor output to reflect a change in the primary current signal. Propagation delay is attributed to inductive loading within the linear IC package, as well as in the inductive loop formed by the primary conductor geometry. Propagation delay can be considered as a fixed time offset and may be compensated. I (%) 90 Primary Current Transducer Output 0 Propagation Time, tPROP t Response time (tRESPONSE). The time interval between a) when the primary current signal reaches 90% of its final value, and b) when the sensor reaches 90% of its output corresponding to the applied current. I (%) 90 Primary Current Transducer Output 0 Response Time, tRESPONSE t Rise time (tr). The time interval between a) when the sensor reaches 10% of its full scale value, and b) when it reaches 90% of its full scale value. The rise time to a step response is used to derive the bandwidth of the current sensor, in which ƒ(–3 dB) = 0.35 / tr. Both tr and tRESPONSE are detrimentally affected by eddy current losses observed in the conductive IC ground plane. I (%) 90 Primary Current Transducer Output 10 0 Rise Time, tr t 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 Power on Time versus External Filter Capacitance IP =5 A IP =0 A Step Response TA=25°C tPO (μs) 10 20 CF (nF) 30 40 50 Output (mV) 15 A Excitation Signal Noise vs. Filter Cap 10000 1000 Noise(p-p) (mA) Noise versus External Filter Capacitance 100 10 1 0.01 0.1 1 CF (nF) 10 100 1000 Rise Time versus External Filter Capacitance Rise Time versus External Filter Capacitance 1200 1000 tr(μs) 800 600 400 200 0 0 100 CF (nF) 0 1 4.7 10 22 47 100 220 470 500 tr (μs) 6.6 7.7 17.4 32.1 68.2 88.2 291.3 623.0 1120.0 400 350 tr(μs) 300 250 200 150 0 0 } Expanded in chart at right 200 CF (nF) 300 400 50 75 CF (nF) 100 125 150 Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 9 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Chopper Stabilization Technique Chopper Stabilization is an innovative circuit technique that is used to minimize the offset voltage of a Hall element and an associated on-chip amplifier. Allegro patented a Chopper Stabilization technique that nearly eliminates Hall IC output drift induced by temperature or package stress effects. This offset reduction technique is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. Modulation is used to separate the undesired dc offset signal from the magnetically induced signal in the frequency domain. Then, using a low-pass filter, the modulated dc offset is suppressed while the magnetically induced signal passes through the filter. As a result of this chopper stabilization approach, the output voltage from the Hall IC is desensitized to the effects of temperature and mechanical stress. This technique produces devices that have an extremely stable Electrical Offset Voltage, are immune to thermal stress, and have precise recoverability after temperature cycling. Typical Applications +5 V +5 V VPEAK C2 0.1 μF R4 10 kΩ CBYP 0.1 μF VRESET Q1 2N7002 1 IP+ VCC 8 7 RF 1 kΩ 6 5 CF 0.01 μF R1 100 kΩ This technique is made possible through the use of a BiCMOS process that allows the use of low-offset and low-noise amplifiers in combination with high-density logic integration and sample and hold circuits. Regulator Clock/Logic Hall Element Amp Sample and Hold VOUT C1 1000 pF RPU 100 kΩ 5 1 2 U1 LMV7235 D1 1N914 Low-Pass Filter Concept of Chopper Stabilization Technique CBYP 0.1 μF IP+ IP 3 4 ACS712 IP– FILTER IP– GND 6 5 R1 1 MΩ CF 1 nF R2 33 kΩ Application 2. Peak Detecting Circuit +5 V CBYP 0.1 μF CBYP 0.1 μF 1 2 IP 3 4 IP+ VCC 8 7 VOUT RF 2 kΩ 6 5 R1 10 kΩ CF 1 nF IP+ VIOUT ACS712 IP– FILTER IP– GND Application 4. Rectified Output. 3.3 V scaling and rectification application for A-to-D converters. Replaces current transformer solutions with simpler ACS circuit. C1 is a function of the load resistance and filtering desired. R1 can be omitted if the full range is desired. – RF 10 kΩ 2 D1 U1 LT1178 1N914 IP 3 4 R3 330 kΩ C1 0.1 μF IP+ VIOUT ACS712 IP– FILTER IP– GND Application 3. This configuration increases gain to 610 mV/A (tested using the ACS712ELC-05A). +5 V R1 33 kΩ D1 1N4448W 1 A-to-D Converter IP 2 IP+ VCC 8 7 R2 100 kΩ VOUT 4 3 IP+ VIOUT ACS712 C1 3 4 IP– FILTER IP– GND 6 5 CF 1 nF Application 5. 10 A Overcurrent Fault Latch. Fault threshold set by R1 and R2. This circuit latches an overcurrent fault and holds it until the 5 V rail is powered down. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com – IP+ VIOUT + 2 7 3 + 1 VCC 8 COUT 0.1 μF VOUT R2 100 kΩ 1 5 2 LM321 4 R3 3.3 kΩ – + Fault 10 ACS712 Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor Improving Sensing System Accuracy Using the FILTER Pin In low-frequency sensing applications, it is often advantageous to add a simple RC filter to the output of the sensor. Such a lowpass filter improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore the resolution, of the sensor output signal. However, the addition of an RC filter to the output of a sensor IC can result in undesirable sensor output attenuation — even for dc signals. Signal attenuation, ∆VATT , is a result of the resistive divider effect between the resistance of the external filter, RF (see Application 6), and the input impedance and resistance of the customer interface circuit, RINTFC. The transfer function of this resistive divider is given by: ∆VATT = VIOUT ⎜ ⎜ temperature. Therefore, signal attenuation will vary as a function of temperature. Note that, in many cases, the input impedance, RINTFC , of a typical analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be as low as 10 kΩ. The ACS712 contains an internal resistor, a FILTER pin connection to the printed circuit board, and an internal buffer amplifier. With this circuit architecture, users can implement a simple RC filter via the addition of a capacitor, CF (see Application 7) from the FILTER pin to ground. The buffer amplifier inside of the ACS712 (located after the internal resistor and FILTER pin connection) eliminates the attenuation caused by the resistive divider effect described in the equation for ∆VATT. Therefore, the ACS712 device is ideal for use in high-accuracy applications that cannot afford the signal attenuation associated with the use of an external RC low-pass filter. VCC Pin 8 ⎛ ⎝ RINTFC RF + RINTFC ⎞ ⎟ ⎠ . Even if RF and RINTFC are designed to match, the two individual resistance values will most likely drift by different amounts over +5 V Pin 3 Pin 4 IP– IP– Allegro ACS706 Dynamic Offset Cancellation Application 6. When a low pass filter is constructed externally to a standard Hall effect device, a resistive divider may exist between the filter resistor, RF, and the resistance of the customer interface circuit, RINTFC. This resistive divider will cause excessive attenuation, as given by the transfer function for ∆VATT. Voltage Regulator To all subcircuits VIOUT Pin 7 Resistive Divider Input Filter 0.1 F Amp Out N.C. Pin 6 RF Application Interface Circuit Low Pass Filter Gain Temperature Coefficient Trim Control Offset CF 1 nF RINTFC IP+ IP+ Pin 1 Pin 2 GND Pin 5 +5 V VCC Pin 8 Dynamic Offset Cancellation Application 7. Using the FILTER pin provided on the ACS712 eliminates the attenuation effects of the resistor divider between RF and RINTFC, shown in Application 6. Allegro ACS712 Hall Current Drive IP+ Pin 1 IP+ Pin 2 Sense Temperature Coefficient Trim Buffer Amplifier and Resistor Signal Recovery VIOUT Pin 7 Input IP– Pin 3 IP– Pin 4 Sense Trim 0 Ampere Offset Adjust Application Interface Circuit RINTFC GND Pin 5 FILTER Pin 6 CF 1 nF Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 11 ACS712 Package LC, 8-pin SOIC Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor 6.20 .244 5.80 .228 0.25 [.010] M B M 5.00 .197 4.80 .189 8 A B 8º 0º 0.25 .010 0.17 .007 Preliminary dimensions, for reference only Dimensions in millimeters U.S. Customary dimensions (in.) in brackets, for reference only (reference JEDEC MS-012 AA) Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown A Terminal #1 mark area 4.00 .157 3.80 .150 A 1.27 .050 0.40 .016 1 2 0.25 .010 8X 0.10 [.004] C 8X 0.51 .020 0.31 .012 0.25 [.010] M C A B 1.27 .050 SEATING PLANE 1.75 .069 1.35 .053 0.25 .010 0.10 .004 C SEATING PLANE GAUGE PLANE Package Branding 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 Text 1 Text 2 Text 3 Two alternative patterns are used ACS712T RLCPPP YYWWA ACS 712 T R LC PPP YY WW A Allegro Current Sensor Device family number Indicator of 100% matte tin leadframe plating Operating ambient temperature range code Package type designator Primary sensed current Date code: Calendar year (last two digits) Date code: Calendar week Date code: Shift code ACS712T RLCPPP L...L YYWW ACS 712 T R LC PPP L...L YY WW Allegro Current Sensor Device family number Indicator of 100% matte tin leadframe plating Operating ambient temperature range code Package type designator Primary sensed current Lot code Date code: Calendar year (last two digits) Date code: Calendar week The products described herein are manufactured under one or more of the following U.S. patents: 5,045,920; 5,264,783; 5,442,283; 5,389,889; 5,581,179; 5,517,112; 5,619,137; 5,621,319; 5,650,719; 5,686,894; 5,694,038; 5,729,130; 5,917,320; and other patents pending. Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Copyright ©2006, Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. For the latest version of this document, go to our website at: www.allegromicro.com Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. 115 Northeast Cutoff, Box 15036 Worcester, Massachusetts 01615-0036 (508) 853-5000 www.allegromicro.com 12