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APS11450LLHALT-0SLA

APS11450LLHALT-0SLA

  • 厂商:

    ALLEGRO(埃戈罗)

  • 封装:

    SOT23W

  • 描述:

    MAGNETIC SWITCH UNIPOLAR SOT23W

  • 数据手册
  • 价格&库存
APS11450LLHALT-0SLA 数据手册
APS11450 2 - Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics FEATURES AND BENEFITS DESCRIPTION • Functional safety □ Developed in accordance with ISO 26262:2011 to meet ASIL B requirements (pending assessment) □ Integrated background diagnostics for signal path, regulator, Hall plate and bias, overtemperature detection, and nonvolatile memory □ Defined fault state • Multiple product options □ Magnetic polarity, switch points, and hysteresis □ Temperature coefficient □ Output polarity • Reduces module bill-of-materials (BOM) and assembly cost □ ASIL B sensor can replace redundant sensors □ Integrated overvoltage clamp and reverse-battery diode • Automotive-grade ruggedness and fault tolerance □ Extended AEC-Q100 Grade 0 qualification ○ Operation to 175°C junction temperature □ 3 to 30 V operating voltage range □ ±8 kV HBM ESD □ Overtemperature indication The APS11450 three-wire planar Hall-effect sensor integrated circuits (ICs) were developed in accordance with ISO 26262:2011 as a hardware safety element out of context with ASIL B capability (pending assessment) for use in automotive safetyrelated systems when integrated and used in the manner prescribed in the applicable safety manual and datasheet. The enhanced three-wire interface provides interconnect open/ short diagnostics and a fault state to communicate diagnostic information while maintaining compatibility with legacy three-wire systems. The continuous background diagnostics are transparent to the host system and results in a reduced fault tolerant time. PACKAGES TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 3-pin SOT23-W (LH) The APS11450 product options include magnetic switch points, temperature coefficient, hysteresis, and response to north or south magnetic fields (unipolar switch) or both (bipolar latch or omnipolar switch). The response can be matched to SmCo, NdFeB, or low-cost ferrite magnets. For situations where a functionally equivalent three-wire latch device is preferred, refer to the APS12450. Continued on the next page… • • • • • • • 3-pin ultramini SIP (UA) Not to scale Automotive and industrial safety systems Limit switches and safety interlocks Sun roof/convertible top/tailgate/liftgate position Brake/clutch pedals Transmission pawl, fork, piston, valve, gear position detection Door locks/latchs User controls VCC REGULATOR DYNAMIC OFFSET CANCELLATION To All Subcircuits Low-Pass Filter HALL AMP. SAMPLE, HOLD & AVERAGING Schmitt Output (Internal) VOUT SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS OUTPUT CONTROL CLOCK LOGIC GND Functional Block Diagram APS11450-DS, Rev. 2 MCO-0000561 September 17, 2021 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics DESCRIPTION (continued) APS11450 sensors are engineered to operate in the harshest environments with minimal external components. They are qualified beyond the requirements of AEC-Q100 Grade 0 and will survive extended operation at 175°C junction temperature. operation directly from an automotive battery bus. These integrated features reduce the end-product bill-of-materials (BOM) and assembly cost. Package options include industry-standard surface-mount SOT (LH) and through-hole SIP (UA) packages. Both packages are RoHScompliant and lead (Pb) free with 100% matte-tin-plated leadframes. These monolithic ICs include on-chip reverse-battery protection, overvoltage protection (e.g., 40 V load dump), ESD protection, overtemperature detection, and an internal voltage regulator for SELECTION GUIDE [1] Part Number Package Packing APS11450LLHALX-0SLA 3-pin SOT23W surface mount 13-in. reel, 10,000 pieces/reel APS11450LLHALT-0SLA 3-pin SOT23W surface mount 7-in. reel, 3000 pieces/reel APS11450LUAA-0SLA 3-pin SIP through-hole bulk, 500 pieces/bag APS11450LLHALX-2SLC 3-pin SOT23W surface mount 13-in. reel, 10,000 pieces/reel APS11450LLHALT-2SLC 3-pin SOT23W surface mount 7-in. reel, 3000 pieces/reel APS11450LLHALX-3SLC 3-pin SOT23W surface mount 13-in. reel, 10,000 pieces/reel APS11450LLHALT-3SLC 3-pin SOT23W surface mount 7-in. reel, 3000 pieces/reel APS11450LLHALX-3SLD 3-pin SOT23W surface mount 13-in. reel, 10,000 pieces/reel APS11450LLHALT-3SLD 3-pin SOT23W surface mount 7-in. reel, 3000 pieces/reel [1] Contact Allegro Output Polarity (B > BOP) Temperature Coefficient Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (typ) Low 0%/°C 35 G Low –0.12%/°C 180 G Low –0.12%/°C 280 G Low –0.2%/°C 280 G MicroSystems for options not listed in the selection guide. RoHS COMPLIANT Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 2 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics Complete Part Number Format Allegro Iden�fier (Device Family) APS – Digital Posi�on Sensor Configura�on Op�ons APS11450 L L H A L T - 0 S L C Allegro Device Number 11450 – ASIL B Hall-effect Switch Temperature Coefficient A – Flat B – -0.035 %/°C C – -0.12 %/°C D – -0.2 %/°C Output Polarity for B > BOP H – High (Output Off) L – Low (Output On) Opera�ng Mode S – Unipolar South Sensing N – Unipolar North Sensing Device Switch Threshold Magnitude 0 – 35 G BOP, 25 G BRP (typ.) 2 – 180 G BOP, 125 G BRP (typ.) 3 – 280 G BOP, 225 G BRP (typ.) Instruc�ons (Packing) LT – 7-in. reel, 3,000 pieces/reel (LH Only) LX – 13-in. reel, 10,000 pieces/reel (LH Only) TN – 13-in. reel, 4,000 pieces/reel (UA Only) (no op�on code) – Bulk, 500 pieces/bag (UA Only) Package Designa�on LHA – 3-pin SOT23W Surface Mount UAA – 3-pin SIP Through-Hole Ambient Opera�ng Temperature Range L – -40°C to +150°C ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Characteristic Voltage [2] Supply Reverse Supply Voltage Symbol Notes Rating Unit VCC 35 V VRCC –30 V Forward Output Voltage VOUT 30 V Reverse Output Voltage VROUT –0.3 V Output Current Sink Maximum Junction Temperature Storage Temperature IOUT(SINK) TJ(MAX) Tstg VCC to VOUT For 500 hours 12 mA 165 °C 175 °C –65 to 170 °C [2] This rating does not apply to extremely short voltage transients such as load dump and/or ESD. Those events have individual ratings specific to the respective transient voltage event. Contact your local field applications engineer for information on EMC test results. Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 3 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics GND PINOUT DIAGRAMS AND TERMINAL LIST LH Package, 3-Pin SOT23W Pinout 2 3 VOUT 1 GND 2 VCC 1 VOUT 3 VCC APS11450 UA Package, 3-Pin SIP Pinout Terminal List Table Name Pin Number LH UA Function VCC 1 1 Supply voltage VOUT 2 3 Output GND 3 2 Ground Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 4 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS: Valid over full operating voltage and ambient temperature ranges for TJ < TJ(max), unless otherwise specified Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. [1] Max. Unit 3.0 – 30 V – – 4.5 mA – – 150 µs 4 15 µs SUPPLY AND STARTUP Supply Voltage [2] VCC Supply Current ICC Power-On Time [3] ton Power-On State POS Output Rise Time tRISE Output Fall Time tFALL Output On Voltage VOUT(LOW) Output Off Voltage VOUT(HIGH) Output Off Voltage Overshoot [4] Operating, TJ < 165°C VCC > VCC(min), B < BRP(min) – 10 G, B > BOP(max) + 10 G t < ton(max) VOUT(FAULT) – See Applications Circuit, Figure 9; VPU = VCC, RPU = 3 kΩ, COUT = 1 nF, IOUT < 12 mA 2 2 4 15 µs Output ratiometric to VPU; VPU = VCC, τ < 3 µs [5], IOUT < 12 mA 10 20 30 % 70 80 90 % VOUT(HIGH)OVER Overshoot percentage relative to VPU (see Figure 8); VPU = VCC, τ < 3 µs [5], IOUT < 12 mA – 2 – % tVOUT(H)OVER Duration of output voltage overshoot (VOUT(HIGH)OVER) – – 5 µs ON-BOARD PROTECTION Fault Reaction Time tDIAG – 25 60 µs Diagnostics Fault Retry Time [6] tDIAGF – 2 – ms VPU – V – 205 – °C – 25 – °C Fault Mode Output Voltage (Fault State) VOUT(FAULT) Overtemperature Shutdown TSD Overtemperature Hysteresis TJHYS VPU = VCC, τ < 3 µs, IOUT < 12 mA Temperature increasing > VOUT(HIGH) MAX [1] Typical data is at TA = 25°C and VCC = 12 V and is for design information only. [2] V CC represents the voltage between the VCC pin and the GND pin. [3] Power-On Time (t ON) is measured from VCC = VCC(min) to 50% of the output transition from VPU to final value. Adding a bypass capacitor will increase Power-On Time. [4] The overshoot specification pertains only to conditions where the overshoot is greater than the V OUT(HIGH)MAX specification. [5] τ is the time constant of the RC circuit; τ = R PU × COUT. [6] The diagnostics fault retry repeats continuously until a fault condition is no longer observed. See Diagnostics Mode Operation section for details. TRANSIENT PROTECTION CHARACTERISTICS: Valid for TA = 25°C and CBYP = 0.1 µF, unless otherwise specified Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit ICC(max) + 3 mA 35 – – V PROTECTION Forward Supply Zener Clamp Voltage VZ Reverse Supply Zener Clamp Voltage VRCC ICC = –1 mA – – –30 V Reverse Supply Current IRCC VRCC = –30 V – – –5 mA Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 5 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS: Valid over full operating voltage and ambient temperature ranges for TJ < TJ(max), unless otherwise specified Characteristics Sensitivity Temperature Coefficient Analog Signal Bandwidth Symbol Test Conditions Relative to sensitivity at 25°C TCSENS Min. BOP APS11450-3SxC APS11450-3SxD – 0 – %/°C – –0.035 – %/°C (C) NdFeB – –0.12 – %/°C (D) Ferrite – –0.2 – %/°C – 10 – kHz – 35 50 G TA = –40°C 128 184 240 G TA = 25°C 125 180 235 G TA = 150°C 106 153 200 G TA = –40°C 230 286 342 G TA = 25°C 230 280 335 G TA = 150°C 190 235 280 G TA = –40°C 260 316 379 G TA = 25°C 230 280 335 G TA = 150°C 173 210 251 G 5 25 – G TA = –40°C 72 128 184 G TA = 25°C 70 125 180 G TA = 150°C 59 105 150 G TA = –40°C 174 230 286 G TA = 25°C 170 225 280 G TA = 150°C 143 190 235 G TA = –40°C 192 254 316 G TA = 25°C 170 225 280 G TA = 150°C APS11450-0SxA APS11450-2SxC Release Point BRP APS11450-3SxC APS11450-3SxD Hysteresis [1] [2] BHYS Unit [2] (B) SmCo APS11450-0SxA Operate Point Max. (A) Flat f(-3dB) APS11450-2SxC Typ. [1] 128 169 210 G APS11450-0SxA – 10 25 G APS11450-2SxC, APS11450-3SxC 40 55 70 G APS11450-3SxD 25 55 75 G Typical data is at TA = 25°C and VCC = 12 V, unless otherwise noted; for design information only. 1 G (gauss) = 0.1 mT (millitesla). THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS: May require derating at maximum conditions; see application information Characteristic Package Thermal Resistance Symbol RθJA Test Conditions* Value Unit Package LH, on 1-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard 228 °C/W Package LH, on 2-layer PCB with 0.463 in.2 of copper area each side 110 °C/W Package UA, on 1-layer PCB with copper limited to solder pads 165 °C/W *Additional thermal information available on the Allegro website. Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 6 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics CHARACTERISTIC PERFORMANCE DATA VOUT(HIGH) vs. VCC 90 88 88 86 86 Output Voltage, VOUT(HIGH) (%) Output Voltage, VOUT(HIGH) (%) VOUT(HIGH) vs. TA 90 84 82 80 78 76 V CC (V) 74 3 72 70 -20 10 40 70 100 130 82 80 78 TA (°C) 76 -40 74 25 72 30 -50 84 70 160 150 0 5 10 15 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 28 28 26 26 24 22 20 18 16 V CC (V) 14 3 12 -20 10 40 70 100 130 20 18 TA (°C) 16 -40 14 10 160 25 150 0 5 10 100 100 Output Voltage, VOUT(FAULT) (%) Output Voltage, VOUT(FAULT) (%) 102 98 96 94 V CC (V) 3 30 -20 40 70 -40 92 100 130 160 25 150 0 5 10 3.5 Diag Fault Retry Time, tDIAGF (ms) Diag Fault Retry Time, tDIAGF (ms) 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 V CC (V) 3 30 -20 10 40 20 25 30 35 tDIAGF vs. VCC 4 -50 15 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) tDIAGF vs. TA 0 35 TA (°C) 94 4 0.5 30 96 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 1 25 98 90 10 20 VOUT(FAULT) vs. VCC VOUT(FAULT) vs. TA -50 15 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) 102 90 35 22 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 92 30 24 12 30 -50 25 VOUT(LOW) vs. VCC 30 Output Voltage, VOUT(LOW) (%) Output Voltage, VOUT(LOW) (%) VOUT(LOW) vs. TA 30 10 20 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) 70 100 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 130 160 3 2.5 2 1.5 TA (°C) 1 -40 25 0.5 0 150 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 7 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics CHARACTERISTIC PERFORMANCE DATA (continued) I CC vs. TA I CC vs. VCC 4.5 4 4 3.5 3.5 Supply Current, I CC (mA) Supply Current, I CC (mA) 4.5 3 2.5 2 V CC (V) 3 1.5 12 1 24 0.5 0 -20 2 TA (°C) 1.5 -40 1 25 0.5 30 -50 3 2.5 10 40 70 100 130 150 0 160 0 5 10 15 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) ton vs. TA tRISE & tFALL vs. TA 150 15 Rise & Fall Time, tRISE & tFALL (µs) 135 Power-on Time, ton (µs) 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 130 160 12.5 10 7.5 5 2.5 0 Fall Rise -50 -20 10 40 70 100 130 160 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 8 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics CHARACTERISTIC PERFORMANCE DATA APS11450–0SxA BOP(0S_A) vs. VCC 50 45 45 Magnetic Flux Density, BOP (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BOP (G) BOP(0S_A) vs. TA 50 40 35 30 25 V CC (V) 20 3 15 10 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 130 40 35 30 25 TA (°C) 20 -40 10 160 25 15 150 0 5 10 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 25 30 45 40 40 -40 35 25 35 30 25 20 V CC (V) 15 3 10 5 -20 TA (°C) 150 30 25 20 15 10 30 -50 10 40 70 100 130 5 160 0 5 10 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 15 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) BHYS(0S_A) vs. TA BHYS(0S_A) vs. VCC 25 Magnetic Flux Density, BHYS (G) 25 20 15 10 V CC (V) 5 0 35 BRP(0S_A) vs. VCC 45 Magnetic Flux Density, BRP (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BRP (G) 20 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) BRP(0S_A) vs. TA Magnetic Flux Density, BHYS (G) 15 3 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 130 160 20 15 10 TA (°C) -40 5 0 25 150 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 9 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics CHARACTERISTIC PERFORMANCE DATA APS11450–2SxC BOP(2S_C) vs. VCC 239 220 220 Magnetic Flux Density, BOP (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BOP (G) BOP(2S_C) vs. TA 239 201 182 163 144 V CC (V) 3 125 106 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 130 201 182 163 -40 25 125 106 160 TA (°C) 144 150 0 5 10 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 15 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) BRP(2S_C) vs. TA BRP(2S_C) vs. VCC 179 179 159 159 TA (°C) Magnetic Flux Density, BRP (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BRP (G) -40 139 119 99 V CC (V) 3 79 59 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 130 150 119 99 79 59 160 25 139 0 5 10 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 65 65 60 55 50 V CC (V) 45 3 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 20 25 30 35 BHYS(2S_C) vs. VCC 70 Magnetic Flux Density, BHYS (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BHYS (G) BHYS(2S_C) vs. TA 70 40 15 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) 100 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 130 160 60 55 TA (°C) 50 -40 45 40 25 150 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 10 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics CHARACTERISTIC PERFORMANCE DATA APS11450–3SxC BOP(3S_C) vs. VCC 350 330 330 Magnetic Flux Density, BOP (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BOP (G) BOP(3S_C) vs. TA 350 310 290 270 250 230 V CC (V) 210 190 3 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 130 310 290 270 250 230 TA (°C) 210 25 190 160 -40 150 0 5 10 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 25 30 285 265 265 -40 245 150 245 225 205 185 V CC (V) 165 145 3 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 130 25 225 205 185 165 145 160 TA (°C) 0 5 10 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) BHYS(3S_C) vs. TA 65 Magnetic Flux Density, BHYS (G) 65 60 55 50 V CC (V) 45 3 30 -20 10 40 70 20 25 30 35 BHYS(3S_C) vs. VCC 70 -50 15 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) 70 40 35 BRP(3S_C) vs. VCC 285 Magnetic Flux Density, BRP (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BRP (G) 20 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) BRP(3S_C) vs. TA Magnetic Flux Density, BHYS (G) 15 100 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 130 160 60 55 50 TA (°C) -40 45 40 25 150 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 11 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics CHARACTERISTIC PERFORMANCE DATA APS11450-3SxD BOP(3S_D) vs. VCC 350 330 330 Magnetic Flux Density, BOP (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BOP (G) BOP(3S_D) vs. TA 350 310 290 270 250 230 VCC (V) 210 190 3 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 130 310 290 270 250 230 TA (°C) 210 25 190 160 -40 150 0 5 10 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 25 30 285 265 265 -40 245 150 245 225 205 185 VCC (V) 165 145 3 30 -50 -20 10 40 70 100 130 25 225 205 185 165 145 160 TA (°C) 0 5 10 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) BHYS(3S_D) vs. TA 65 Magnetic Flux Density, BHYS (G) 65 60 55 50 VCC (V) 45 3 30 -20 10 40 70 20 25 30 35 BHYS(3S_D) vs. VCC 70 -50 15 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) 70 40 35 BRP(3S_D) vs. VCC 285 Magnetic Flux Density, BRP (G) Magnetic Flux Density, BRP (G) 20 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) BRP(3S_D) vs. TA Magnetic Flux Density, BHYS (G) 15 100 Ambient Temperature, TA (°C) 130 160 60 55 50 TA (°C) -40 45 40 25 150 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Supply Voltage, VCC (V) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 12 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Operation The output of these devices switches when a magnetic field perpendicular to the Hall-effect sensor exceeds the operate point threshold (BOP). When the magnetic field is reduced below the release point (BRP), the device output switches to the alternate state. The output state (polarity) and magnetic field polarity depends on the selected device options. For unipolar south, an increasing south field is required; likewise for unipolar north, an increasing north field is required to exceed BOP. The output state is a configuration option. In omnipolar mode, the device will switch on and off with either magnetic polarities, while latching will require both polarities. The difference between operate (BOP) and release (BRP) points is the hysteresis (BHYS). Hysteresis allows clean switching of the output even in the presence of external mechanical vibration and electrical noise. The user can program the desired hysteresis level. Figure 1 shows the output switching behavior relative to increasing and decreasing magnetic field. On the horizontal axis, the B+ direction indicates increasing south polarity magnetic field strength. Figure 2 shows the sensing orientation of the magnetic field, relative to the device package. The APS11450 Hall-effect switch can be configured to respond to a north or south magnetic field, including both unipolar and omnipolar configurations, as well as the output polarity. Figure 1 shows the potential unipolar and omnipolar options and output polarity options of the APS11450 that can be configured. The direction of the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the branded face of the APS11450 (see Figure 2). Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 13 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics VOUT(LOW) Switch to Off Switch to Off BRPN 0 BRPS B- B+ BOPN BRPS BOPN BOPS VOUT(LOW) B+ BHYS BHYS BHYS BOPS VOUT(LOW) VOUT(HIGH) Switch to On VOUT(HIGH) Switch to Off VOUT(HIGH) Switch to On VOUT(LOW) BRPN Switch to On Omnipolar Switch to On Switch to Off Switch to On B+ Inverted Polarity VOUT(HIGH) BHYS VOUT(LOW) 0 BHYS Omnipolar 0 0 BHYS Standard Polarity B- 0 BOPS BOPS Switch to On BRPN BHYS 0 BRPS B- VOUT(HIGH) Switch to Off VOUT(LOW) Inverted Polarity V+ VOUT 0 Switch to On BHYS 0 Unipolar South V+ VOUT(HIGH) BRPS B- Standard Polarity VOUT 0 VOUT(LOW) BOPN BOPN B- 0 Switch to On VOUT Switch to Off VOUT(LOW) V+ VOUT(HIGH) BRPN V+ VOUT(HIGH) Unipolar South Inverted Polarity VOUT Unipolar North Switch to Off Standard Polarity Switch to Off Unipolar North Figure 1: Hall switch magnetic and output polarity options B- indicates increasing north polarity magnetic field strength, and B+ indicates increasing south polarity magnetic field strength. A Y X Z B Y X Z C Y X Z Figure 2: Magnetic Sensing Orientations APS11450 LH (Panel A), APS11450 UA (Panel B) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 14 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics FUNCTIONAL SAFETY The APS11450 was developed in accordance with ISO 26262:2011 as a hardware safety element out of context with ASIL B capability (pending assessment) for use in automotive safety-related systems when integrated and used in the manner prescribed in the applicable safety manual and datasheet. Diagnostics Mode Operation The APS11450 features a proprietary diagnostics routine that meets ASIL B safety requirements (pending assessment). This internal diagnostics routine continuously runs in the background, monitoring all key subsystems of the IC. These subsystems are shown in Table 1 and Figure 3. The diagnostic scheme runs at high speed and provides minimal impact on device performance. Signal path diagnostics are injected and measured in less than 2 μs, while all other diagnostics are running in real time in the background. The Hall element biasing circuit and voltage regulator are checked for valid operation, and the digital and non‐volatile memory blocks are checked for valid device configuration. The signal path monitoring system verifies two internal state transitions (BOP and BRP within limits) under normal operation. In cases when these output transitions do not occur, or if another internal fault is detected, the output will go to the fault state (see “Three-Wire Diagnostic Output” section). In the event of an internal fault, the device will continuously run the diagnostics routine every 2 ms (tDIAGF). The periodic recovery attempt sequence allows the device to continually check for the presence of a fault and return to normal operation if the fault condition clears. In the case where the fault is no longer present, the output will resume normal operation. However, if the fault is persistent, the device will not exit fault mode and the output voltage will continue to be VOUT(FAULT). When a system rating higher than ASIL B is required, additional external safety measures may be employed (e.g., sensor redundancy and rationality checks, etc.). Refer to the device safety manual for additional details about the diagnostics. Table 1: Diagnostics Coverage Feature Coverage 1 Hall plate Connectivity and biasing of Hall plate 2 Signal path Signal path and Schmitt trigger 3 Voltage regulator Regulator voltage for normal operation 4 Digital subsystem Digital subsystem and non-volatile memory 5 Entire system Overtemperature and redundancies for single point failures 6 Output Output verified through valid regulations states (external monitor) VCC 3 5 REGULATOR DYNAMIC OFFSET CANCELLATION To All Subcircuits 1 Low-Pass Filter 2 HALL AMP. SAMPLE, HOLD & AVERAGING Schmitt Output (Internal) 4 SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS VOUT 6 OUTPUT CONTROL CLOCK LOGIC GND Figure 3: Diagnostics Coverage Block Diagram Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 15 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics Power-On Behavior Temperature Coefficient and Magnet Selection During Power-on, the output voltage is in the fault state (VOUT(FAULT)), which is the pull-up voltage (VPU), until the device is ready to respond appropriately to the input magnetic field (t > tON). If the device powers-on with the field within the hysteresis band, the output will switch from VOUT(FAULT) to the off state (VOUT(HIGH)) with standard output polarity as shown in Figure 4. For inverted output polarity operation, the output will switch from VOUT(FAULT) to VOUT(LOW) (not shown). The APS11450 allows the user to select the magnetic temperature coefficient to compensate for drifts of SmCo, NdFeB, and ferrite magnets over temperature, as indicated in the Magnetic Characteristics specifications table. This compensation improves the magnetic system performance over the entire temperature range. For example, the magnetic field strength from NdFeB decreases as the temperature increases from 25°C to 150°C. This lower magnetic field strength means that a lower switching threshold is required to maintain switching at the same distance from the magnet to the sensor. Correspondingly, higher switching thresholds are required at cold temperatures, as low as –40°C, due to the higher magnetic field strength from the NdFeB magnet. The APS11450 compensates the switching thresholds over temperature as described above. It is recommended that system designers evaluate their magnetic circuit over the expected operating temperature range to ensure the magnetic switching requirements are met. OUTPUT V POS VOUT(FAULT ) VOUT(HIGH) B < BRP BRP < B < BOP Output Undefined for V CC < VCC(MIN) VOUT(LOW ) B > BOP SUPPLY VOLTAGE t V A sample calculation is provided in the “Applications Information” section. VCC(MIN) 0 tON t Figure 4: Power-On Sequence Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 16 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics Three-Wire Diagnostic Output Three-wire diagnostic output enables the user to identify various fault conditions external to the IC, in addition to the internal fault detection. The output low (VOUT(LOW)) and high (VOUT(HIGH)) states are ratiometric to the pull-up voltage, with low and high states being 20% and 80% respectively. For example, a VCC and VPULL-UP of 5 V, the output state levels will be 1.0 V and 4.0 V ±0.5 V. The output RC time constant (τ) must be less than 3 µs (e.g., RPU = 3 kΩ and COUT = 1 nF), and VPU must be equal to VCC (recommend pulling up VOUT directly to VCC). Under normal operation (Figure 5), the output switches between the VOUT(LOW) (20%) and VOUT(HIGH) (80%) states. VOUT(FAULT ) (VPU ) CBYPASS VOUT(HIGH ) (80%) RPULL-UP VCC VOUT Normal Operation VOUT(LOW) (20%) GND COUT GND Figure 5: The APS11450 diagnostic output under normal operation (no fault detected) With various opens and shorts on any of the IC pins, the output will no longer be controlled by the IC. The output itself may continue to switch, depending on the external connectivity fault; however, the output level(s) observed will deviate from the 20% and 80% (of VPU) output levels. If an internal fault is detected via diagnostics monitoring, the output will be set to the fault state, VOUT(FAULT), which is equal to the pull-up voltage, VPU. +V VPU = VCC VOUT(FAULT ) Fault State VOUT(HIGH) (max) Range for valid VOUT(HIGH) VOUT(HIGH) (min) External Fault VOUT(LOW) (max) Range for valid VOUT(LOW) VOUT(LOW) (min) 0 External Fault 90% VPU 70% VPU 30% VPU 10% VPU Any output voltage levels outside of the valid VOUT(HIGH) and VOUT(LOW) ranges indicates a fault as shown in Figure 6. The observed voltage on VOUT relative to potential fault conditions are summarized in Table 2. The output relative to the fault condition is summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2: Fault Conditions and Resulting Output Level Fault Output Level No Fault 20% or 80% of VPU, respectively Short, VCC-VOUT VCC Short, VOUT-GND GND Short, VCC-GND VPU Open, VCC VPU Open, VOUT VPU Open, GND VPU Internal Fault VPU Note: VOUT(FAULT) ≤ VPULL-UP and VPULL-UP = VCC. Figure 6: APS11450 valid (normal) and fault condition output levels Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 17 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics Fault Detection and Retry DIAG CHECK OUTPUT The fault detection diagnostics runs continuously in the background during normal operation after the device has powered-on. In the event a fault is detected, the output will immediately change to the VOUT(FAULT) state. The diagnostics will continue to retry the diagnostics approximately every 2 ms. If the fault recovers, the output will return to normal operation. See Figure 7. VOUT(FAULT ) VOUT(HIGH) Output switches according to external magne�c field Output switches according to external magne�c field VOUT(LOW ) t Background Diagnos�cs* 2 ms Background Diagnos�cs* 2 ms t Failure Detected Device Recovers Diag Retry** * 4x Diagnos�c Cycles completed every 0.025 ms (nom.) ** Diagnos�c Fault Retry Time interval is 2 ms (nom.) Figure 7: Fault Detection and Retry Output Overshoot When the output switches from VOUT(LOW) to VOUT(HIGH), depending upon the RC circuit, a small overshoot can occur (VOUT(H)OVER). VOUT(H)OVER is specified as a percentage of VPULL-UP (and/or VCC, which need to be the same). Therefore with an RC Time Constant (τ) of 3 µs (see the “Applications Information” section), a nominal overshoot of 2% is possible. With VPULL-UP at 5.0 V, the output may overshoot by 0.1 V, for less than 5 µs (tVOUT(H)OVER). Figure 7 demonstrates output edge profile. For example, with a 5 V pull-up, if VOUT(HIGH) is at the upper limit (90%), VOUT(HIGH) will be 4.5 V. With a τ of 3 µs at room temperature, the output can briefly reach 4.6 V until it settles to 4.5 V. Since VOUT(HIGH) is valid between 70% and 90%, or 3.5 and 4.5 V, this condition is not out of specification. The Output Off Voltage Overshoot specification pertains only to conditions where the overshoot is greater than the VOUT(HIGH)MAX specification. Figure 8: Output Overshoot Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 18 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Typical Applications Temperature Compensation For the LH and UA packages, an external bypass capacitor, CBYP, should be connected (in close proximity to the Hall sensor) between the supply and ground of the device to reduce both external noise and noise generated by the chopper stabilization technique. As is shown in Figure 9, a 0.1 µF bypass capacitor is typical, with an optional output capacitor, COUT (recommended 1 nF). To calculate the typical effect of the TCSENS on BOP (or BRP), simply multiply the BOP at the starting temperature by TCSENS and the change in temperature. The time constant of the RC circuit (τ) on output must be less than 3 µs, where: = 3 kΩ × 1 nF = 3 µs ΔTA = 150°C – 25°C = 125°C BOP(150C) = BOP(25C) + (BOP(25C) × TC × ΔTA ) τ = RPULLUP × COUT Sample BOP calculation for TCSENS compensation from 25°C to 150°C, for TCSENS = –0.12%/°C, and BOP(25C) = 180 G: = 180 G + (180 G × –0.12%/°C × 125°C) = 180 G + (–27 G) = 153 G The resistor, RPULLUP, must be between 2 and 30 kΩ. VPULL-UP VCC Diagnostic Output* RSERIES (optional) VCC RPULL-UP VCC ECU VOUT CBYPASS 0.1 µF ADC VPU VCC CBYP 0.1 µF COUT τRC < 3 µs RPU IOUT < 12 mA τRC < 3 µs 2 kΩ < R < 30 kΩ RS 100 Ω* GPIO GND COUT (optional) IC Output: Diagnostic Output switching between VOUT(LOW) and VOUT(HIGH ) Figure 9: Typical Applications Circuits Diagnostic Output 3 to 30 V * The following application circuit conditions are required • The τ of the RC on output must be < 3 µs. • 2 kΩ < RPU < 30 kΩ. • VPU = VCC (recommend pulling VOUT up to VCC). Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 19 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics Extensive applications information on magnets and Hall-effect sensors is available in: • Hall-Effect IC Applications Guide, AN27701 • Guidelines For Designing Subassemblies Using Hall-Effect Devices, AN27703.1 • Soldering Methods for Allegro’s Products – SMT and ThroughHole, AN26009 • Functional Safety Challenges to the Automotive Supply Chain (https://www.allegromicro.com/en/Design-Center/TechnicalDocuments/General-Semiconductor-Information/FunctionalSafety-Challenges-Automotive-Supply-Chain.aspx) All are provided on the Allegro website: www.allegromicro.com Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 20 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics Chopper Stabilization Technique A limiting factor for switch point accuracy when using Halleffect technology is the small-signal voltage developed across the Hall plate. This voltage is proportionally small relative to the offset that can be produced at the output of the Hall sensor. This makes it difficult to process the signal and maintain an accurate, reliable output over the specified temperature and voltage range. Chopper stabilization is a proven approach used to minimize Hall offset. The technique, dynamic quadrature offset cancellation, removes key sources of the output drift induced by temperature and package stress. This offset reduction technique is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. “Figure 10: Model of Chopper Stabilization Circuit (Dynamic Offset Cancellation)” illustrates how it is implemented. The undesired offset signal is separated from the magnetically induced signal in the frequency domain through modulation. The subsequent demodulation acts as a modulation process for the offset causing the magnetically induced signal to recover its original spectrum at baseband while the DC offset becomes a highfrequency signal. Then, using a low-pass filter, the signal passes while the modulated DC offset is suppressed. Allegro’s innovative chopper-stabilization technique uses a high-frequency clock. The high-frequency operation allows a greater sampling rate that produces higher accuracy, reduced jitter, and faster signal processing. Additionally, filtering is more effective and results in a lower noise analog signal at the sensor output. Devices such as the APS11450 that use this approach have an extremely stable quiescent Hall output voltage, are immune to thermal stress, and have precise recoverability after temperature cycling. This technique is made possible through the use of a BiCMOS process which allows the use of low offset and low noise amplifiers in combination with high-density logic and sample-and-hold circuits. Regulator Clock/Logic Hall Element Amp Sample and Hold APS11450 Low-Pass Filter Figure 10: Model of Chopper Stabilization Circuit (Dynamic Offset Cancellation) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 21 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics POWER DERATING The device must be operated below the maximum junction temperature, TJ (max). Reliable operation may require derating supplied power and/or improving the heat dissipation properties of the application. Thermal Resistance (junction to ambient), RθJA, is a figure of merit summarizing the ability of the application and the device to dissipate heat from the junction (die), through all paths to ambient air. RθJA is dominated by the Effective Thermal Conductivity, K, of the printed circuit board which includes adjacent devices and board layout. Thermal resistance from the die junction to case, RθJC, is a relatively small component of RθJA. Ambient air temperature, TA, and air motion are significant external factors in determining a reliable thermal operating point. The following three equations can be used to determine operation points for given power and thermal conditions. Finally, using equation 1, solve for maximum allowable VCC for the given conditions: VCC (est) = PD (max) ÷ ICC (max) = 91 mW ÷ 4 mA = 22.8 V The result indicates that, at TA, the application and device can dissipate adequate amounts of heat at voltages ≤ VCC (est). If the application requires VCC > VCC(est) then RθJA must by improved. This can be accomplished by adjusting the layout, PCB materials, or by controlling the ambient temperature. Determining Maximum TA In cases where the VCC (max) level is known, and the system designer would like to determine the maximum allowable ambient temperature TA (max), for example, in a worst-case scenario with conditions VCC (max) = 40 V, ICC (max) = 4 mA, and RθJA = 228°C/W for the LH package using equation 1, the largest possible amount of dissipated power is: PD = VIN × IIN (1) ∆T = PD × RθJA (2) PD = VIN × IIN TJ = TA + ∆T (3) PD = 40 V × 4 mA = 160 mW For example, given common conditions: TA = 25°C, VCC = 12 V, ICC = 4 mA, and RθJA = 110°C/W for the LH package, then: PD = VCC × ICC = 12 V × 4 mA = 48 mW ∆T = PD × RθJA = 48 mW × 110°C/W = 5.28°C TJ = TA + ∆T = 25°C + 5.28°C = 31.28°C Determining Maximum VCC For a given ambient temperature, TA, the maximum allowable power dissipation as a function of VCC can be calculated. PD (max) represents the maximum allowable power level without exceeding TJ (max) at a selected RθJA and TA. Then, by rearranging equation 3 and substituting with equation 2: TA (max) = TJ (max) – ΔT TA (max) = 165°C – (160 mW × 228°C/W) TA (max) = 165°C – 36.5°C = 128.5°C In another example, the maximum supply voltage is equal to VCC (min). Therefore, VCC (max) = 3 V and ICC (max) = 4 mA. By using equation 1 the largest possible amount of dissipated power is: PD = VIN × IIN PD = 3 V × 4 mA = 12 mW Example: VCC at TA = 150°C, package UA, using low-K PCB. Using the worst-case ratings for the device, specifically: RθJA = 165°C/W, TJ (max) = 165°C, VCC (max) = 24 V, and ICC (max) = 4 mA, calculate the maximum allowable power level, PD (max). First, using equation 3: Then, by rearranging equation 3 and substituting with equation 2: ∆T (max) = TJ (max) – TA = 165°C – 150°C = 15°C TA (max) = 165°C – 11.6°C = 162.3°C This provides the allowable increase to TJ resulting from internal power dissipation. Then, from equation 2: PD (max) = ∆T (max) ÷ RθJA = 15°C ÷ 165°C/W = 91 mW TA (max) = TJ (max) – ΔT TA (max) = 165°C – (12 mW × 228°C/W) The example above indicates that at VCC = 3 V and ICC = 4 mA, the TA (max) can be as high as 162.3°C without exceeding TJ (max). However the TA (max) rating of the device is 150°C; the device performance is not guaranteed above TA = 150°C. Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 22 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics Package LH, 3-Pin SOT23W For Reference Only – Not for Tooling Use (Reference Allegro DWG-0000628, Rev. 1) NOT TO SCALE Dimensions in millimeters Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown +0.125 2.975 –0.075 1.49 4°±4° Active Area Depth 0.28 ±0.04 mm 3 Die Rotation Error 4° Max +0.020 0.180–0.053 +0.10 2.90 –0.20 +0.19 1.91 –0.06 Hall Element (not to scale) 0.25 MIN 0.38 NOM Package Centerline to Die Centerline ±0.20 8× 10° ±5° 0.25 BSC Seating Plane Gauge Plane 0.95 BSC Lead Foot Centerline To Package Centerline ±0.18 All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances Branded Face 0.41 ±0.04 C 0.95 PCB Layout Reference View 0.55 REF 0.57 ±0.04 3× 1.00 Package Centerline to Die Centerline ±0.15 2 1 0.10 2.40 0.70 0.96 +0.10 0.05 –0.05 0.40 ±0.10 1.00 ±0.13 SEATING PLANE C XXX 1 Standard Branding Reference View Line 1 = 3 characters Line 1: Last 3 digits of Part Number Branding scale and appearance at supplier discretion Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 23 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics Package UA, 3-Pin SIP, Matrix HD Style For Reference Only – Not For Tooling Use (Reference DWG-0000404, Rev. 1) NOT TO SCALE Dimensions in millimeters Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown Ejector pin flash protrusion R0.25 MAX (2×) Mold gate and tie bar protrusion zone 5° (2×) 0.56 MAX NNN 45° (2×) 0.10 MAX 1.52 ±0.05 1.68 MAX 5° (2×) +0.08 4.09 –0.05 Mold gate and tie bar protrusion zone Standard Branding Reference View +0.08 3.02 –0.05 = Supplier emblem N = Last three digits of device part number 3.00 ±0.05 2.04 NOM Sensor element location tolerance Standard ±0.20 Branding scale and appearance at supplier discretion. 0.15 MAX Ejector pin (far side) Including gate and tie bar burrs 3.10 MAX 1 +0.05 0.08 –0.00 0.50 ±0.08 Active Area Depth Ejector pin flash protrusion Sensor element location tolerance Standard ±0.20 1.44 NOM Hall Element (not to scale) 45° 10° (3×) 1.02 MAX 0.79 REF 0.51 REF 0.05 NOM 0.05 NOM 14.99 ±0.25 +0.03 0.41 –0.06 0.10 MAX 0.10 MAX Dambar Trim Detail 1.27 NOM (2×) +0.05 0.43 –0.07 (3×) Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 24 APS11450 Three-Wire Hall-Effect Switch with Advanced Diagnostics REVISION HISTORY Number Date Description – January 31, 2019 Initial release 1 April 23, 2019 2 September 17, 2021 Updated ASIL status Added “-3SLD” part variant (pages 2, 6, and 12); updated package drawings (pages 23-24) Copyright 2021, Allegro MicroSystems. Allegro MicroSystems reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro’s products are not to be used in any devices or systems, including but not limited to life support devices or systems, in which a failure of Allegro’s product can reasonably be expected to cause bodily harm. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Copies of this document are considered uncontrolled documents. For the latest version of this document, visit our website: www.allegromicro.com Allegro MicroSystems 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 25
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