ASM692AMJA

October 2003 rev 1.0 ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Applications • • • • • • • • Embedded control systems Portable/Battery operated systems Intelligent instruments Wireless instruments Wireless communication systems PDAs and hand-held equipments µP / µC power supply monitoring Safety system General Description The AS690A / AS692A / AS802L / AS802M / AS805L offers complete single chip solutions for power supply monitoring and control battery functions in microprocessor systems. Each device implements four functions: Reset control, watchdog monitoring, battery-backup switching and power-failure monitoring. In addition to microprocessor reset under power-up and power-down conditions, these devices provide batterybackup switching to maintain control in power loss and brownout situations. Additional monitoring capabilities can provide an early warning of unregulated power supply loss before the voltage regulator drops out. The important features of these four functions are: Typical Operating Circuit Unregulated DC Regulated +5V VCC RESET PFI R2 VBATT PFO WDI VOUT RESET NMI VCC R1 0.1 µF • • • • 1.6 second watchdog timer to keep microprocessor responsive 4.40V or 4.65V VCC threshold for microprocessor reset at power-up and power-down SPDT (Single-pole, Double-throw) PMOS switch connects backup power to RAM if VCC fails 1.25V threshold detector for power loss or general purpose voltage monitoring I/O LINE GND + _ ASM690A VCC CMOS RAM GND These features are pin-compatible with the industry standard power-supply supervisors. Short-circuit and thermal protection have also been added. The AS690A / AS802L / 4.65V and the AS692A / AS802M AS805L generate a reset pulse when the supply voltage drops below generate a reset below VBATT VCC Block Diagram 8 2 Reset Generator + |+ - 1 Battery-Switchover Circuit VOUT 7 RESET (RESET) 4.40V. The ASM802L / ASM802M have power-fail accuracy to ± 2%. The ASM805L is the same as the ASM690A except that RESET is provided instead of RESET. Features • Two precision supply-voltage monitor options •4.65V (AS690A / AS802L / AS805L) •4.40V (AS692A / AS802M ) • • • • • • • Battery-backup power switch on-chip Watchdog timer: 1.6 second timeout Power failure / low battery detection Short circuit protection and thermal limiting Small 8-pin SO package No external components Specified over full temperature range WDI 6 1.25V 3.5V |+ + |+ + Watchdog Timer 0.8V PFI 4 1.25V |+ + 5 PFO ASM690A, ASM692A, ASM802L, ASM802M, (ASM805L) 3 GND Alliance Semiconductor 2575 Augustine Drive . Santa Clara, CA 95054 . Tel: 408.855.4900 . Fax: 408.855.4999 . www.alsc.com Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice BUS 3.6 V Lithium Battery GND October 2003 rev 1.0 ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Pin Configuration Plastic/CerDip/SO VOUT VCC GND PFI 1 2 3 4 ASM690A ASM692A ASM802L ASM802M (ASM805L) 8 7 6 5 VBATT RESET (RESET) WDI PFO Pin Description Pin Number ASM690A / ASM692A ASM802L / ASM802M Name ASM805L Function Voltage supply for RAM. When VCC is above the reset threshold, VOUT connects to 1 1 VOUT VCC through a P-Channel MOS device. If VCC falls below the reset threshold, this output will be connected to the backup supply at VBATT (or VCC, whichever is higher) through the MOS switch to provide continuous power to the CMOS RAM. 2 3 2 3 VCC GND +5V power supply input. Ground Power failure monitor input. PFI is connected to the internal power fail comparator which is referenced to 1.25V. The power fail output (PFO) is active LOW but remains HIGH if PFI is above 1.25V. If this feature is unused, the PFI pin should be connected to GND or VOUT. Power-fail output. PFO is active LOW whenever the PFI pin is less than 1.25V. Watchdog input. The WDI input monitors microprocessor activity. An internal timer is reset with each transition of the WDI input. If the WDI is held HIGH or LOW for longer than the watchdog timeout period, typically 1.6 seconds, RESET (or RESET) is asserted for the reset pulse width time, tRS, of 140ms, minimum. Active-LOW reset output. When triggered by VCC falling below the reset threshold 7 RESET or by watchdog timer timeout, RESET (or RESET) pulses low for the reset pulse width tRS, typically 200ms. It will remain low if VCC is below the reset threshold (4.65V in ASM690A / ASM802L and 4.4V in the ASM692A / ASM802L) and remains low for 200ms after VCC rises above the reset threshold. 7 RESET VBATT Active-HIGH reset output. The inverse of RESET. Auxiliary power or backup-battery input. VBATT should be connected to GND if the 8 8 function is not used. The input has about 40mV of hysteresis to prevent rapid toggling between VCC and VBATT. 4 4 PFI 5 5 PFO 6 6 WDI µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 2 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Application Information Microprocessor Interface The ASM690 has logic-LOW RESET output while the ASM805 has an inverted logic-HIGH RESET output. Microprocessors with bidirectional reset pins can pose a problem when the supervisory circuit and the microprocessor output pins attempt to go to opposite logic states. The problem can be resolved by placing a 4.7kΩ resistor between the RESET output and the microprocessor reset pin. This is shown in Figure 2. Since the series resistor limits drive capabilities, the reset signal to other devices should be buffered. Detailed Description It is important to initialize a microprocessor to a known state in response to specific events that could create code execution errors and “lock-up”. The reset output of these supervisory circuits send a reset pulse to the microprocessor in response to power-up, power-down/power-loss or a watchdog time-out. RESET/RESET Timing Power-up reset occurs when a rising VCC reaches the reset threshold, VRT, forcing a reset condition in which the reset output is asserted in the appropriate logic state for the duration of tRS. The reset pulse width, tRS, is typically around 200ms and is LOW for the ASM690A, ASM692A, ASM802 and HIGH for the ASM805L. Figure 1 shows the reset pin timing. Power-loss or “brown-out” reset occurs when VCC dips below the reset threshold resulting in a reset assertion for the duration of tRS. The reset signal remains asserted as long as VCC is between VRT and 1.1V, the lowest VCC for which these devices can provide a guaranteed logic-low output. To ensure logic inputs connected to the ASM690A / ASM692A/ASM802 RESET pin are in a known state when VCC is under 1.1V, a 100kΩ pull-down resistor at RESET is needed: the logic-high ASM805L will need a pull-up resistor to VCC. Watchdog Timer A Watchdog time-out reset occurs when a logic “1” or logic “0” is continuously applied to the WDI pin for more than 1.6 seconds. After the duration of the reset interval, the watchdog timer starts a new 1.6 second timing interval; the microprocessor must service the watchdog input by changing states or by floating the WDI pin before this interval is finished. If the WDI pin is held either HIGH or LOW, a reset pulse will be triggered every 1.8 seconds (the 1.6 second timing interval plus the reset pulse width tRS). Figure 1: RESET/RESET Timing BUF Buffered RESET VCC 4.7K Ω Power Supply RESET VCC RESET ASM690A GND Bi-directional I/O pin GND Figure 2: Interfacing with bi-directional microprocessor reset inputs µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 3 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 Watchdog Input As discussed in the Reset section, the Watchdog input is used to monitor microprocessor activity. It can be used to insure that the microprocessor is in a continually responsive state by requiring that the WDI pin be toggled every second. If the WDI pin is not toggled within the 1.6 second window (minimum tWD + tRS), a reset pulse will be asserted to return the microprocessor to the initial start-up state. Pulses as short as 50ns can be applied to the WDI pin. If this feature is not used, the WDI pin should be open circuited or the logic placed into a high-impedance state to allow the pin to float. Backup-Battery Switchover A power loss can be made less severe if the system RAM contents are preserved. This is achieved in the ASM690/692/ 802/805 by switching from the failed VCC to an alternate power source connected at VBATT when VCC is less than the reset threshold voltage (VCC < VRT), and VCC is less than VBATT. The VOUT pin is normally connected to VCC through a 2Ω PMOS switch but a brown-out or loss of VCC will cause a switchover to VBATT by means of a 20Ω PMOS switch. Although both conditions (VCC < VRT and VCC Reset Threshold VCC < Reset Threshold VCC > VBATT VCC < Reset Threshold VCC < VBATT SW1/SW2 open open SW3/SW4 closed closed During the backup power mode, the internal circuitry of the supervisory circuit draws power from the battery supply. While VCC is still alive, the comparator circuits remain alive and the current drawn by the device is typically 35µA. When VCC drops more than 1.1V below VBATT, the internal switchover comparator, the PFI comparator and WDI comparator will shut off, reducing the quiescent current drawn by the IC to less than 1µA. closed open ASM690A/802A/805L Reset Threshold = 4.65V ASM692A /ASM802M Reset Threshold = 4.4V µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 4 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 Backup Power Sources - Batteries Battery voltage selection is important to insure that the battery does not discharge through the parasitic device diode D1 (see Figure 3) when VCC is less than VBATT and VCC > VRT. Table 2: Maximum Battery Voltages ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L diode-resistor pair clamps the capacitor voltage at one diode drop below VCC. VCC itself should be regulated within ±5% of 5V for the ASM692A/802M or within ±10% of 5V for the ASM690A/802L/805L to insure that the storage capacitor does not achieve an over voltage state. Note: SuperCapTM is a trademark of Baknor Industries Part Number ASM690A ASM802L ASM805L ASM692A ASM802M MAXIMUM Battery Voltage 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.55 4.55 +5V VCC D1 VBATT VOUT To SRAM + RESET (RESET) To µP 0.1F Although most batteries that meet the requirements of Table 2 are acceptable, lithium batteries are very effective backup source due to their high-energy density and very low selfdischarge rates. Battery replacement while Powered Batteries can be replaced even when the device is in a powered state as long as VCC remains above the reset threshold voltage VRT. In the ASM devices, a floating VBATT pin will not cause a powersupply switchover as can occur in some other supervisory circuits. If VBATT is not used, the pin should be grounded. Backup Power Sources - SuperCap™ Capacitor storage, with very high values of capacitance, can be used as a back-up power source instead of batteries. SuperCap™ are capacitors with capacities in the fractional farad range. A 0.1 farad SuperCap™ would provide a useful backup power source. Like the battery supply, it is important that the capacitor voltage remain below the maximum voltages shown in Table 2. Although the circuit of Figure 4 shows the most simple way to connect the SuperCap™, this circuit cannot insure that an over voltage condition will not occur since the capacitor will ultimately charge up to VCC. To insure that an over voltage condition does not occur, the circuit of Figure 5 is preferred. In this circuit configuration, the D1 D2 ASM692A ASM802M GND Figure 4: Capacitor as a backup power source +5V VCC VOUT To SRAM VBATT 100K + RESET (RESET) To µP 0.1F ASM692A ASM802M GND Figure 5: Capacitor as a backup power source Voltage clamped to 0.5V below VCC µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 5 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 Operation without a Backup Power Source When operating without a back-up power source, the VBATT pin should be connected to GND and VOUT should be connected to VCC, since power source switchover will not occur. Connecting VOUT to VCC eliminates the voltage drop due to the ON-resistance of the PMOS switch. Power-Fail Comparator The Power Fail feature is an independent voltage monitoring function that can be used for any number of monitoring activities. The PFI function can provide an early sensing of power supply failure by sensing the voltage of the unregulated DC ahead of the regulated supply sensing seen by the backup-battery switchover circuitry. The PFI pin is compared to a 1.25V internal reference. If the voltage at the PFI pin is less than this reference voltage, the PFO pin goes low. By sensing the voltage of the raw DC power supply, the microprocessor system can prepare for imminent power-loss, especially if the battery backup supply is not enabled. The input voltage at the PFI pin results from a simple resistor voltage divider as shown in Figure 6. Power Fail Hysteresis ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L A noise margin can be added to the simple monitoring circuit of Figure 6 by adding positive feedback from the PFO pin. The circuit of Figure 7 adds this positive “latching” effect by means of an additional resistor R3 connected between PFO and PFI which helps in pulling PFI in the direction of PFO and eliminating an indecision at the trip point. Resistor R3 is normally about 10 times higher in resistance than R2 to keep the hysteresis band reasonable and should be larger than 10kΩ to avoid excessive loading on the PFO pin. The calculations for the correct values of resistors to set the hysteresis thresholds are given in Figure 7. A capacitor can be added to offer additional noise rejection by low-pass filtering. VIN R1 +5V VCC ASM690A ASM692A ASM802L ASM802M ASM805L PFI R2 C1* VIN +5V VCC ASM690A ASM692A ASM802L ASM802M ASM805L R3 PFO GND To µP +5V PFO 0V * Optional R1 PFI R2 PFO GND 0V V 1.25 TRIP = ------------------------⎛ R2 ⎞ ⎜ -------------------⎟ ⎝ R 2 + R 2⎠ VL VTRIP VH 1.25 V H = ----------------------------------R 2 || R 3 ⎞ ⎛ ----------------------------⎝ R 1 + R 2 || R 3⎠ +5V PFO 0V 5 R2 A = ------------------- < 1.25 V R +R 1 2 5R 2B = ------------------- > 1.25 V R1 + R2 A B V L – 1.25 5 – 1.25 1.25 ---------------------- + ------------------ = --------R1 R3 R2 Figure 6: Simple Voltage divider sets PFI trip point Figure 7: Hysterisis Added To PFI Pin µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 6 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 Monitoring Capabilities Of The Power-fail Input: Although designed for power supply failure monitoring, the PFI pin can be used for monitoring any voltage condition that can be scaled by means of a resistive divider. An example is the negative power supply monitor configured in Figure 8. In this case a good negative supply will hold the PFI pin below 1.25V and the PFO pin will be at logic “0”. As the negative voltage declines, the voltage at the PFI pin will rise until it exceeds 1.25V and the PFO pin will go to logic “1”. ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L +5V VCC ASM692A R1 ASM802L ASM802M ASM690A PFI ASM805L PFO R2 V- GND V- = VTRIP +5V PFO 0V VTRIP V0V 1.25 – V TRIP 5 – 1.25 ------------------ = -----------------------------R2 R1 Figure 8: Using PFI To Monitor Negative Supply Voltage µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 7 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Pin Terminal Voltage with Respect to Ground VCC VBATT All other inputs * Input Current at VCC Input Current at VBATT Input Current at GND Output Current VOUT All other inputs Rate of Rise: VBATT and VCC Continuous Power Dissipation Plastic DIP (derate 9mW/°C above 70°C) SO (derate 5.9mW/°C above 70°C) CerDIP (derate 8mW/°C above 70°C) Operating Temperature Range (C Devices) Operating Temperature Range (E Devices) Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature Soldering, (10 sec) 0 -40 -65 800 500 650 70 85 160 300 mW mW mW °C °C °C °C Short circuit protected 20 100 mA V/µs -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 6.0 6.0 VCC + 0.3 200 50 20 V V V mA mA mA Min Max Unit * The input voltage limits on PFI and WDI may be exceeded if the current is limited to less than 10mA Note: These are stress ratings only and functional operation is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for prolonged time periods may affect device reliability. µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 8 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Electrical Characteristics: Unless other wise noted, VCC = 4.75V to 5.5V for the ASM690A / ASM802L / ASM805L and VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V for the ASM692A / ASM802M; VBATT = 2.8V; and TA = TMIN to TMAX. Parameter Symbol Conditions ASM69_AC, ASM802_C Min 1.1 1.1 1.1 Typ Max 5.5 5.5 5.5 Unit VCC, VBATT Voltage Range (Note 1) ASM805LC ASM69_AE, ASM80__E V Supply Current Excluding IOUT ISUPPLY in Battery Backup Mode (Excluding IOUT) VBATT Standby Current (Note 2) IS ASM69_AC, ASM80__E ASM69_AC, ASM802_C TA = 25°C VCC = 0V, VBATT=2.8V TA = TMIN to TMAX TA = 25°C TA = TMIN to TMAX -0.1 -1.0 VCC0.025 VCC-0.25 VBATT-0.1 35 35 100 100 1.0 5.0 0.02 0.02 µA µA 5.5V>VCC>VBATT-0.2V IOUT = 5mA IOUT = 50mA µA VOUT Output VCC-0.010 VCC-0.10 VBATT-0.001 20 -20 40 V VOUT in Battery Backup Mode Battery Switch Threshold, VCC to VBATT Battery Switch over Hysteresis IOUT=250µA, VCC < VBATT-0.2V Power Up Power Down V VCC < VRT mV mV 4.75 4.50 4.70 4.45 V ASM690A/802L/805L ASM692A, ASM802M Reset Threshold VRT ASM802L, TA = 25°C, VCC falling ASM802M, TA=25°C, VCC falling Notes: 1. If VCC or VBATT is 0V, the other must be greater than 2.0V. 4.50 4.25 4.55 4.30 4.65 4.40 2. Battery charging-current is “-”. Battery discharge current is “+”. 3. WDI is guaranteed to be in an intermediate level state if WDI is floating and VCC is within the operating voltage range. WDI input impedance is 50 kΩ. WDI is biased to 0.3VCC. µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 9 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 Parameter Reset Threshold Hysteresis Reset Pulse Width tRS ISOURCE = 800µA ISINK = 3.2mA ASM69_AC, ASM802_C, VCC=1.0V, ISINK=50µA Reset Output Voltage ASM69_AE, ASM802_E, VCC=1.2V, ISINK=100µA ASM805LC, ISOURCE=4µA, VCC = 1.1V ASM805LE, ISOURCE=4µA, VCC = 1.2V ASM805L, ISOURCE=800µA ASM805L, ISINK=3.2mA Watchdog Timeout WDI Pulse Width WDI Input Current WDI Input Threshold (Note 3) PFI Input Threshold PFI Input Current PFO Output Voltage ISOURCE = 800µA ISINK = 3.2mA tWD tWP VIL = 0.4V, VIH = 0.8VCC WDI = VCC WDI = 0V VCC = 5V, Logic LOW ASM69_A,ASM805L, VCC = 5V ASM802_C/E, VCC = 5V 1.20 1.225 -25 VCC - 1.5 -150 1.00 50 0.8 0.9 VCC - 1.5 140 VCC - 1.5 Symbol Conditions Min ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Typ 40 200 Max Unit mV 280 ms 0.4 0.3 0.3 V 0.4 1.60 2.25 sec ns 50 -50 0.8 1.25 1.250 0.01 1.30 V 1.275 25 nA V 0.4 150 µA µA V Notes: 1. If VCC or VBATT is 0V, the other must be greater than 2.0V. 2. Battery charging-current is “-”. Battery discharge current is “+”. 3. WDI is guaranteed to be in an intermediate level state if WDI is floating and VCC is within the operating voltage range. WDI input impedance is 50 kΩ. WDI is biased to 0.3VCC. µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 10 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 Plastic DIP (8-Pin) ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Package Information Inches Min A A1 A2 b b2 b3 D D1 E E1 e eA eB eC L A A1 b B2 C D D1 E E1 e L A A1 B C e E H L D 0.015 0.115 0.014 0.045 0.030 0.355 0.005 0.300 0.240 0.100 0.300 0.115 0.015 0.014 0.038 0.008 0.005 0.290 0.220 0.100 0.125 0.053 0.004 0.013 0.007 0.050 0.150 0.228 0.016 0.189 0.157 0.244 0.050 0.197 0.200 SO (8-Pin) ** 0.069 0.010 0.020 0.010 1.35 0.10 0.33 0.19 1.27 3.80 5.80 0.40 4.80 4.00 6.20 1.27 5.00 1.75 0.25 0.51 0.25 Max Plastic DIP (8-Pin) * 0.210 0.195 0.022 0.070 0.045 0.400 0.325 0.280 0.430 0.060 0.150 CerDIP (8-Pin) 0.200 0.070 0.023 0.065 0.015 0.405 0.320 0.310 0.38 0.36 0.97 0.20 0.13 7.37 5.59 2.54 3.18 5.08 5.08 1.78 0.58 1.65 0.38 10.29 8.13 7.87 2.92 3.81 0.38 2.92 0.36 1.14 0.80 0.80 0.13 7.62 6.10 2.54 7.62 10.92 5.33 4.95 0.56 1.78 1.14 1.14 8.26 7.11 Millimeters Min Max CerDIP (8-Pin) SO (8-Pin) µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice 11 of 13 October 2003 rev 1.0 ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Ordering Information Part Number ASM690A ASM690ACPA ASM690ACSA ASM690AC/D ASM690AEPA ASM690AESA ASM690AMJA ASM692A ASM692ACPA ASM692ACSA ASM692AC/D ASM692AEPA ASM692AESA ASM692AMJA ASM802L ASM802LCPA ASM802LCSA ASM802LAEPA ASM802LESA ASM802M ASM802MCPA ASM802MCSA ASM802MEPA ASM802MESA ASM805L ASM805LCPA ASM805LCSA ASM805LC/D ASM805LEPA ASM805LESA ASM805LMJA 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 0 TO +70 0 TO +70 25 -40 TO +85 -40 TO +85 Contact Factory 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO DICE 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO 8-Cer DIP 12 of 13 Reset Threshold (V) 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.25 TO 4.50 4.25 TO 4.50 4.25 TO 4.50 4.25 TO 4.50 4.25 TO 4.50 4.25 TO 4.50 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.5 TO 4.75 4.25 TO 4.50 4.25 TO 4.50 4.25 TO 4.50 4.25 TO 4.50 Temperature Range (°C) 0 TO +70 0 TO +70 25 -40 TO +85 -40 TO +85 Contact Factory 0 TO +70 0 TO +70 25 -40 TO +85 -40 TO +85 Contact Factory 0 TO +70 0 TO +70 -40 TO +85 -40 TO +85 0 TO +70 0 TO +70 -40 TO +85 -40 TO +85 Pins-Package 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO DICE 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO 8-Cer DIP 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO DICE 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO 8-Cer DIP 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO 8-Plastic DIP 8-SO µP Power Supply Supervisor With Battery Backup Switch Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice October 2003 rev 1.0 ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Alliance Semiconductor Corporation 2575, Augustine Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Tel: 408 - 855 - 4900 Fax: 408 - 855 - 4999 www.alsc.com Copyright © Alliance Semiconductor All Rights Reserved Part Number: ASM690A / 692A ASM802L / 802M ASM805L Document Version: 1.0 © Copyright 2003 Alliance Semiconductor Corporation. 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