EP2C15A15Q324I7N

Section I. Cyclone II Device Family Data Sheet This section provides information for board layout designers to successfully layout their boards for Cyclone® II devices. It contains the required PCB layout guidelines, device pin tables, and package specifications. This section includes the following chapters: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Cyclone II Architecture Chapter 3. Configuration & Testing Chapter 4. Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset Chapter 5. DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Chapter 6. Reference & Ordering Information Revision History Refer to each chapter for its own specific revision history. For information on when each chapter was updated, refer to the Chapter Revision Dates section, which appears in the complete handbook. Altera Corporation Section I–1 Preliminary Revision History Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Section I–2 Preliminary Altera Corporation 1. Introduction CII51001-3.2 Introduction Following the immensely successful first-generation Cyclone® device family, Altera® Cyclone II FPGAs extend the low-cost FPGA density range to 68,416 logic elements (LEs) and provide up to 622 usable I/O pins and up to 1.1 Mbits of embedded memory. Cyclone II FPGAs are manufactured on 300-mm wafers using TSMC's 90-nm low-k dielectric process to ensure rapid availability and low cost. By minimizing silicon area, Cyclone II devices can support complex digital systems on a single chip at a cost that rivals that of ASICs. Unlike other FPGA vendors who compromise power consumption and performance for low-cost, Altera’s latest generation of low-cost FPGAs—Cyclone II FPGAs, offer 60% higher performance and half the power consumption of competing 90-nm FPGAs. The low cost and optimized feature set of Cyclone II FPGAs make them ideal solutions for a wide array of automotive, consumer, communications, video processing, test and measurement, and other end-market solutions. Reference designs, system diagrams, and IP, found at www.altera.com, are available to help you rapidly develop complete end-market solutions using Cyclone II FPGAs. Low-Cost Embedded Processing Solutions Cyclone II devices support the Nios II embedded processor which allows you to implement custom-fit embedded processing solutions. Cyclone II devices can also expand the peripheral set, memory, I/O, or performance of embedded processors. Single or multiple Nios II embedded processors can be designed into a Cyclone II device to provide additional co-processing power or even replace existing embedded processors in your system. Using Cyclone II and Nios II together allow for low-cost, high-performance embedded processing solutions, which allow you to extend your product's life cycle and improve time to market over standard product solutions. Low-Cost DSP Solutions Use Cyclone II FPGAs alone or as DSP co-processors to improve price-to-performance ratios for digital signal processing (DSP) applications. You can implement high-performance yet low-cost DSP systems with the following Cyclone II features and design support: ■ ■ ■ Altera Corporation February 2008 Up to 150 18 × 18 multipliers Up to 1.1 Mbit of on-chip embedded memory High-speed interfaces to external memory 1–1 Features ■ ■ ■ DSP intellectual property (IP) cores DSP Builder interface to The Mathworks Simulink and Matlab design environment DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition Cyclone II devices include a powerful FPGA feature set optimized for low-cost applications including a wide range of density, memory, embedded multiplier, and packaging options. Cyclone II devices support a wide range of common external memory interfaces and I/O protocols required in low-cost applications. Parameterizable IP cores from Altera and partners make using Cyclone II interfaces and protocols fast and easy. Features The Cyclone II device family offers the following features: ■ High-density architecture with 4,608 to 68,416 LEs ● M4K embedded memory blocks ● Up to 1.1 Mbits of RAM available without reducing available logic ● 4,096 memory bits per block (4,608 bits per block including 512 parity bits) ● Variable port configurations of ×1, ×2, ×4, ×8, ×9, ×16, ×18, ×32, and ×36 ● True dual-port (one read and one write, two reads, or two writes) operation for ×1, ×2, ×4, ×8, ×9, ×16, and ×18 modes ● Byte enables for data input masking during writes ● Up to 260-MHz operation Embedded multipliers ● Up to 150 18- × 18-bit multipliers are each configurable as two independent 9- × 9-bit multipliers with up to 250-MHz performance ● Optional input and output registers Advanced I/O support ● High-speed differential I/O standard support, including LVDS, RSDS, mini-LVDS, LVPECL, differential HSTL, and differential SSTL ● Single-ended I/O standard support, including 2.5-V and 1.8-V, SSTL class I and II, 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL class I and II, 3.3-V PCI and PCI-X 1.0, 3.3-, 2.5-, 1.8-, and 1.5-V LVCMOS, and 3.3-, 2.5-, and 1.8-V LVTTL ● Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group (PCI SIG) PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 3.0 compliance for 3.3-V operation at 33 or 66 MHz for 32- or 64-bit interfaces ● PCI Express with an external TI PHY and an Altera PCI Express ×1 Megacore® function ■ ■ 1–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 Introduction ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 133-MHz PCI-X 1.0 specification compatibility High-speed external memory support, including DDR, DDR2, and SDR SDRAM, and QDRII SRAM supported by drop in Altera IP MegaCore functions for ease of use Three dedicated registers per I/O element (IOE): one input register, one output register, and one output-enable register Programmable bus-hold feature Programmable output drive strength feature Programmable delays from the pin to the IOE or logic array I/O bank grouping for unique VCCIO and/or VREF bank settings MultiVolt™ I/O standard support for 1.5-, 1.8-, 2.5-, and 3.3-interfaces Hot-socketing operation support Tri-state with weak pull-up on I/O pins before and during configuration Programmable open-drain outputs Series on-chip termination support ■ Flexible clock management circuitry ● Hierarchical clock network for up to 402.5-MHz performance ● Up to four PLLs per device provide clock multiplication and division, phase shifting, programmable duty cycle, and external clock outputs, allowing system-level clock management and skew control ● Up to 16 global clock lines in the global clock network that drive throughout the entire device Device configuration ● Fast serial configuration allows configuration times less than 100 ms ● Decompression feature allows for smaller programming file storage and faster configuration times ● Supports multiple configuration modes: active serial, passive serial, and JTAG-based configuration ● Supports configuration through low-cost serial configuration devices ● Device configuration supports multiple voltages (either 3.3, 2.5, or 1.8 V) Intellectual property ● Altera megafunction and Altera MegaCore function support, and Altera Megafunctions Partners Program (AMPPSM) megafunction support, for a wide range of embedded processors, on-chip and off-chip interfaces, peripheral functions, DSP functions, and communications functions and ■ ■ Altera Corporation February 2008 1–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Features ● protocols. Visit the Altera IPMegaStore at www.altera.com to download IP MegaCore functions. Nios II Embedded Processor support The Cyclone II family offers devices with the Fast-On feature, which offers a faster power-on-reset (POR) time. Devices that support the Fast-On feature are designated with an “A” in the device ordering code. For example, EP2C5A, EP2C8A, EP2C15A, and EP2C20A. The EP2C5A is only available in the automotive speed grade. The EP2C8A and EP2C20A are only available in the industrial speed grade. The EP2C15A is only available with the Fast-On feature and is available in both commercial and industrial grades. The Cyclone II “A” devices are identical in feature set and functionality to the non-A devices except for support of the faster POR time. f Cyclone II A devices are offered in automotive speed grade. For more information, refer to the Cyclone II section in the Automotive-Grade Device Handbook. For more information on POR time specifications for Cyclone II A and non-A devices, refer to the Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset chapter in the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Table 1–1 lists the Cyclone II device family features. Table 1–2 lists the Cyclone II device package offerings and maximum user I/O pins. f Table 1–1. Cyclone II FPGA Family Features (Part 1 of 2) Feature LEs M4K RAM blocks (4 Kbits plus 512 parity bits Total RAM bits Embedded multipliers (3) PLLs EP2C5 (2) 4,608 26 EP2C8 (2) 8,256 36 EP2C15 (1) 14,448 52 EP2C20 (2) 18,752 52 EP2C35 33,216 105 EP2C50 50,528 129 EP2C70 68,416 250 119,808 13 2 165,888 18 2 239,616 26 4 239,616 26 4 483,840 35 4 594,432 86 4 1,152,00 0 150 4 1–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 Introduction Table 1–1. Cyclone II FPGA Family Features (Part 2 of 2) Feature Maximum user I/O pins Notes to Table 1–1: (1) (2) The EP2C15A is only available with the Fast On feature, which offers a faster POR time. This device is available in both commercial and industrial grade. The EP2C5, EP2C8, and EP2C20 optionally support the Fast On feature, which is designated with an “A” in the device ordering code. The EP2C5A is only available in the automotive speed grade. The EP2C8A and EP2C20A devices are only available in industrial grade. This is the total number of 18 × 18 multipliers. For the total number of 9 × 9 multipliers per device, multiply the total number of 18 × 18 multipliers by 2. EP2C5 (2) 158 EP2C8 (2) 182 EP2C15 (1) 315 EP2C20 (2) 315 EP2C35 475 EP2C50 450 EP2C70 622 (3) Altera Corporation February 2008 1–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Features Table 1–2. Cyclone II Package Options & Maximum User I/O Pins 144-Pin TQFP (3) 89 85 — — — — — — — Notes (1) (2) 484-Pin 672-Pin 896-Pin Ultra FineLine FineLine FineLine BGA BGA BGA — — — — — — 322 294 — — — — — — — 475 450 422 — — — — — — — — 622 Device 208-Pin 240-Pin PQFP (4) PQFP 142 138 — — — — — — — — — — — 142 — — — — 256-Pin FineLine BGA 158 (5) 182 182 152 152 152 — — — 484-Pin FineLine BGA — — — 315 315 315 322 294 — EP2C5 (6) (8) EP2C8 (6) EP2C8A (6), (7) EP2C15A (6), (7) EP2C20 (6) EP2C20A (6), (7) EP2C35 (6) EP2C50 (6) EP2C70 (6) Notes to Table 1–2: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Cyclone II devices support vertical migration within the same package (for example, you can migrate between the EP2C20 device in the 484-pin FineLine BGA package and the EP2C35 and EP2C50 devices in the same package). The Quartus® II software I/O pin counts include four additional pins, TDI, TDO, TMS, and TCK, which are not available as general purpose I/O pins. TQFP: thin quad flat pack. PQFP: plastic quad flat pack. Vertical migration is supported between the EP2C5F256 and the EP2C8F256 devices. However, not all of the DQ and DQS groups are supported. Vertical migration between the EP2C5 and the EP2C15 in the F256 package is not supported. The I/O pin counts for the EP2C5, EP2C8, and EP2C15A devices include 8 dedicated clock pins that can be used for data inputs. The I/O counts for the EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices include 16 dedicated clock pins that can be used for data inputs. EP2C8A, EP2C15A, and EP2C20A have a Fast On feature that has a faster POR time. The EP2C15A is only available with the Fast On option. The EP2C5 optionally support the Fast On feature, which is designated with an “A” in the device ordering code. The EP2C5A is only available in the automotive speed grade. Refer to the Cyclone II section in the Automotive-Grade Device Handbook. Cyclone II devices support vertical migration within the same package (for example, you can migrate between the EP2C35, EPC50, and EP2C70 devices in the 672-pin FineLine BGA package). The exception to vertical migration support within the Cyclone II family is noted in Table 1–3. 1–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 Introduction Vertical migration means that you can migrate to devices whose dedicated pins, configuration pins, and power pins are the same for a given package across device densities. Table 1–3. Total Number of Non-Migratable I/O Pins for Cyclone II Vertical Migration Paths Vertical 144-Pin TQFP Migration Path EP2C5 to EP2C8 EP2C8 to EP2C15 EP2C15 to EP2C20 EP2C20 to EP2C35 EP2C35 to EP2C50 EP2C50 to EP2C70 Notes to Table 1–3: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Vertical migration between the EP2C5F256 to the EP2C15AF256 and the EP2C5F256 to the EP2C20F256 devices is not supported. When migrating from the EP2C20F484 device to the EP2C50F484 device, a total of 39 I/O pins are non-migratable. When migrating from the EP2C35F672 device to the EP2C70F672 device, a total of 56 I/O pins are non-migratable. In addition to the one non-migratable I/O pin, there are 34 DQ pins that are non-migratable. The pinouts of 484 FBGA and 484 UBGA are the same. 208-Pin PQFP 4 — — — 256-Pin 484-Pin 672-Pin 484-Pin Ultra FineLine BGA FineLine BGA FineLine BGA FineLine BGA (1) (2) (3) 1 (4) 30 0 — — — — — 0 16 28 — — — — — 28 (5) 28 — — — — 28 28 4 — — — — — — 1 When moving from one density to a larger density, I/O pins are often lost because of the greater number of power and ground pins required to support the additional logic within the larger device. For I/O pin migration across densities, you must cross reference the available I/O pins using the device pin-outs for all planned densities of a given package type to identify which I/O pins are migratable. To ensure that your board layout supports migratable densities within one package offering, enable the applicable vertical migration path within the Quartus II software (go to Assignments menu, then Device, then click the Migration Devices button). After compilation, check the information messages for a full list of I/O, DQ, LVDS, and other pins that are not available because of the selected migration path. Table 1–3 lists the Cyclone II device package offerings and shows the total number of non-migratable I/O pins when migrating from one density device to a larger density device. Altera Corporation February 2008 1–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Features Cyclone II devices are available in up to three speed grades: –6, –7, and –8, with –6 being the fastest. Table 1–4 shows the Cyclone II device speed-grade offerings. Table 1–4. Cyclone II Device Speed Grades 144-Pin TQFP –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 — — — — — — — Device 208-Pin PQFP –7, –8 –7, –8 — — — — — — — 240-Pin PQFP — — — — 256-Pin FineLine BGA –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –8 484-Pin FineLine BGA — — — 484-Pin Ultra FineLine BGA — — — — — — 672-Pin FineLine BGA — — — — — — 896-Pin FineLine BGA — — — — — — — — EP2C5 (1) EP2C8 EP2C8A (2) EP2C15A EP2C20 EP2C20A (2) EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –8 — — — –8 — — — — –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 — — –6, –7, –8 –6, –7, –8 Notes to Table 1–4: (1) The EP2C5 optionally support the Fast On feature, which is designated with an “A” in the device ordering code. The EP2C5A is only available in the automotive speed grade. Refer to the Cyclone II section in the Automotive-Grade Device Handbook for detailed information. EP2C8A and EP2C20A are only available in industrial grade. (2) 1–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 Introduction Referenced Documents Document Revision History This chapter references the following documents: ■ ■ Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset chapter in Cyclone II Device Handbook Automotive-Grade Device Handbook Table 1–5 shows the revision history for this document. Table 1–5. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2008 v3.2 February 2007 v3.1 ● ● Changes Made Added “Referenced Documents”. Updated “Features” section and Table 1–1, Table 1–2, and Table 1–4 with information about EP2C5A. Added document revision history. Added new Note (2) to Table 1–2. Summary of Changes — ● ● Note to explain difference between I/O pin count information provided in Table 1–2 and in the Quartus II software documentation. — — November 2005 v2.1 July 2005 v2.0 ● ● ● ● ● Updated Introduction and Features. Updated Table 1–3. Updated technical content throughout. Updated Table 1–2. Added Tables 1–3 and 1–4. Updated Table 1–2. Updated bullet list in the “Features” section. November 2004 v1.1 June 2004 v1.0 ● ● — — Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Altera Corporation February 2008 1–9 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History 1–10 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 2. Cyclone II Architecture CII51002-3.1 Functional Description Cyclone® II devices contain a two-dimensional row- and column-based architecture to implement custom logic. Column and row interconnects of varying speeds provide signal interconnects between logic array blocks (LABs), embedded memory blocks, and embedded multipliers. The logic array consists of LABs, with 16 logic elements (LEs) in each LAB. An LE is a small unit of logic providing efficient implementation of user logic functions. LABs are grouped into rows and columns across the device. Cyclone II devices range in density from 4,608 to 68,416 LEs. Cyclone II devices provide a global clock network and up to four phase-locked loops (PLLs). The global clock network consists of up to 16 global clock lines that drive throughout the entire device. The global clock network can provide clocks for all resources within the device, such as input/output elements (IOEs), LEs, embedded multipliers, and embedded memory blocks. The global clock lines can also be used for other high fan-out signals. Cyclone II PLLs provide general-purpose clocking with clock synthesis and phase shifting as well as external outputs for high-speed differential I/O support. M4K memory blocks are true dual-port memory blocks with 4K bits of memory plus parity (4,608 bits). These blocks provide dedicated true dual-port, simple dual-port, or single-port memory up to 36-bits wide at up to 260 MHz. These blocks are arranged in columns across the device in between certain LABs. Cyclone II devices offer between 119 to 1,152 Kbits of embedded memory. Each embedded multiplier block can implement up to either two 9 × 9-bit multipliers, or one 18 × 18-bit multiplier with up to 250-MHz performance. Embedded multipliers are arranged in columns across the device. Each Cyclone II device I/O pin is fed by an IOE located at the ends of LAB rows and columns around the periphery of the device. I/O pins support various single-ended and differential I/O standards, such as the 66- and 33-MHz, 64- and 32-bit PCI standard, PCI-X, and the LVDS I/O standard at a maximum data rate of 805 megabits per second (Mbps) for inputs and 640 Mbps for outputs. Each IOE contains a bidirectional I/O buffer and three registers for registering input, output, and output-enable signals. Dual-purpose DQS, DQ, and DM pins along with delay chains (used to Altera Corporation February 2007 2–1 Logic Elements phase-align double data rate (DDR) signals) provide interface support for external memory devices such as DDR, DDR2, and single data rate (SDR) SDRAM, and QDRII SRAM devices at up to 167 MHz. Figure 2–1 shows a diagram of the Cyclone II EP2C20 device. Figure 2–1. Cyclone II EP2C20 Device Block Diagram PLL IOEs PLL Embedded Multipliers IOEs Logic Array Logic Array Logic Array Logic Array IOEs M4K Blocks M4K Blocks PLL IOEs PLL The number of M4K memory blocks, embedded multiplier blocks, PLLs, rows, and columns vary per device. Logic Elements The smallest unit of logic in the Cyclone II architecture, the LE, is compact and provides advanced features with efficient logic utilization. Each LE features: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ A four-input look-up table (LUT), which is a function generator that can implement any function of four variables A programmable register A carry chain connection A register chain connection The ability to drive all types of interconnects: local, row, column, register chain, and direct link interconnects Support for register packing Support for register feedback 2–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–2 shows a Cyclone II LE. Figure 2–2. Cyclone II LE Register Chain Routing From Previous LE LAB-Wide Register Bypass Synchronous Load LAB-Wide Packed Synchronous Register Select Clear LAB Carry-In Programmable Register data1 data2 data3 data4 Look-Up Table (LUT) Carry Chain Synchronous Load and Clear Logic D Q Row, Column, And Direct Link Routing ENA CLRN Row, Column, And Direct Link Routing labclr1 labclr2 Chip-Wide Reset (DEV_CLRn) Asynchronous Clear Logic Local Routing Clock & Clock Enable Select labclk1 labclk2 labclkena1 labclkena2 LAB Carry-Out Register Feedback Register Chain Output Each LE’s programmable register can be configured for D, T, JK, or SR operation. Each register has data, clock, clock enable, and clear inputs. Signals that use the global clock network, general-purpose I/O pins, or any internal logic can drive the register’s clock and clear control signals. Either general-purpose I/O pins or internal logic can drive the clock enable. For combinational functions, the LUT output bypasses the register and drives directly to the LE outputs. Each LE has three outputs that drive the local, row, and column routing resources. The LUT or register output can drive these three outputs independently. Two LE outputs drive column or row and direct link routing connections and one drives local interconnect resources, allowing the LUT to drive one output while the register drives another output. This feature, register packing, improves device utilization because the device can use the register and the LUT for unrelated functions. When using register packing, the LAB-wide synchronous load control signal is not available. See “LAB Control Signals” on page 2–8 for more information. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Logic Elements Another special packing mode allows the register output to feed back into the LUT of the same LE so that the register is packed with its own fan-out LUT, providing another mechanism for improved fitting. The LE can also drive out registered and unregistered versions of the LUT output. In addition to the three general routing outputs, the LEs within an LAB have register chain outputs. Register chain outputs allow registers within the same LAB to cascade together. The register chain output allows an LAB to use LUTs for a single combinational function and the registers to be used for an unrelated shift register implementation. These resources speed up connections between LABs while saving local interconnect resources. See “MultiTrack Interconnect” on page 2–10 for more information on register chain connections. LE Operating Modes The Cyclone II LE operates in one of the following modes: ■ ■ Normal mode Arithmetic mode Each mode uses LE resources differently. In each mode, six available inputs to the LE—the four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect, the LAB carry-in from the previous carry-chain LAB, and the register chain connection—are directed to different destinations to implement the desired logic function. LAB-wide signals provide clock, asynchronous clear, synchronous clear, synchronous load, and clock enable control for the register. These LAB-wide signals are available in all LE modes. The Quartus® II software, in conjunction with parameterized functions such as library of parameterized modules (LPM) functions, automatically chooses the appropriate mode for common functions such as counters, adders, subtractors, and arithmetic functions. If required, you can also create special-purpose functions that specify which LE operating mode to use for optimal performance. Normal Mode The normal mode is suitable for general logic applications and combinational functions. In normal mode, four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect are inputs to a four-input LUT (see Figure 2–3). The Quartus II Compiler automatically selects the carry-in or the data3 signal as one of the inputs to the LUT. LEs in normal mode support packed registers and register feedback. 2–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–3. LE in Normal Mode sload sclear (LAB Wide) (LAB Wide) Packed Register Input Register chain connection Q data1 data2 data3 cin (from cout of previous LE) data4 Four-Input LUT D ENA CLRN Row, Column, and Direct Link Routing Row, Column, and Direct Link Routing clock (LAB Wide) ena (LAB Wide) aclr (LAB Wide) Local routing Register Feedback Register chain output Arithmetic Mode The arithmetic mode is ideal for implementing adders, counters, accumulators, and comparators. An LE in arithmetic mode implements a 2-bit full adder and basic carry chain (see Figure 2–4). LEs in arithmetic mode can drive out registered and unregistered versions of the LUT output. Register feedback and register packing are supported when LEs are used in arithmetic mode. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Logic Elements Figure 2–4. LE in Arithmetic Mode sload sclear (LAB Wide) (LAB Wide) Register chain connection data1 data2 Three-Input LUT Q D ENA CLRN Row, column, and direct link routing Row, column, and direct link routing cin (from cout of previous LE) Three-Input LUT clock (LAB Wide) ena (LAB Wide) aclr (LAB Wide) Local routing cout Register chain output Register Feedback The Quartus II Compiler automatically creates carry chain logic during design processing, or you can create it manually during design entry. Parameterized functions such as LPM functions automatically take advantage of carry chains for the appropriate functions. The Quartus II Compiler creates carry chains longer than 16 LEs by automatically linking LABs in the same column. For enhanced fitting, a long carry chain runs vertically, which allows fast horizontal connections to M4K memory blocks or embedded multipliers through direct link interconnects. For example, if a design has a long carry chain in a LAB column next to a column of M4K memory blocks, any LE output can feed an adjacent M4K memory block through the direct link interconnect. Whereas if the carry chains ran horizontally, any LAB not next to the column of M4K memory blocks would use other row or column interconnects to drive a M4K memory block. A carry chain continues as far as a full column. 2–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Logic Array Blocks Each LAB consists of the following: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 16 LEs LAB control signals LE carry chains Register chains Local interconnect The local interconnect transfers signals between LEs in the same LAB. Register chain connections transfer the output of one LE’s register to the adjacent LE’s register within an LAB. The Quartus II Compiler places associated logic within an LAB or adjacent LABs, allowing the use of local, and register chain connections for performance and area efficiency. Figure 2–5 shows the Cyclone II LAB. Figure 2–5. Cyclone II LAB Structure Row Interconnect Column Interconnect Direct link interconnect from adjacent block Direct link interconnect from adjacent block Direct link interconnect to adjacent block Direct link interconnect to adjacent block LAB Local Interconnect Altera Corporation February 2007 2–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Logic Array Blocks LAB Interconnects The LAB local interconnect can drive LEs within the same LAB. The LAB local interconnect is driven by column and row interconnects and LE outputs within the same LAB. Neighboring LABs, PLLs, M4K RAM blocks, and embedded multipliers from the left and right can also drive an LAB’s local interconnect through the direct link connection. The direct link connection feature minimizes the use of row and column interconnects, providing higher performance and flexibility. Each LE can drive 48 LEs through fast local and direct link interconnects. Figure 2–6 shows the direct link connection. Figure 2–6. Direct Link Connection Direct link interconnect from left LAB, M4K memory block, embedded multiplier, PLL, or IOE output Direct link interconnect from right LAB, M4K memory block, embedded multiplier, PLL, or IOE output Direct link interconnect to left Local Interconnect LAB Direct link interconnect to right LAB Control Signals Each LAB contains dedicated logic for driving control signals to its LEs. The control signals include: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Two clocks Two clock enables Two asynchronous clears One synchronous clear One synchronous load 2–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture This gives a maximum of seven control signals at a time. When using the LAB-wide synchronous load, the clkena of labclk1 is not available. Additionally, register packing and synchronous load cannot be used simultaneously. Each LAB can have up to four non-global control signals. Additional LAB control signals can be used as long as they are global signals. Synchronous clear and load signals are useful for implementing counters and other functions. The synchronous clear and synchronous load signals are LAB-wide signals that affect all registers in the LAB. Each LAB can use two clocks and two clock enable signals. Each LAB’s clock and clock enable signals are linked. For example, any LE in a particular LAB using the labclk1 signal also uses labclkena1. If the LAB uses both the rising and falling edges of a clock, it also uses both LAB-wide clock signals. De-asserting the clock enable signal turns off the LAB-wide clock. The LAB row clocks [5..0] and LAB local interconnect generate the LABwide control signals. The MultiTrack™ interconnect’s inherent low skew allows clock and control signal distribution in addition to data. Figure 2–7 shows the LAB control signal generation circuit. Figure 2–7. LAB-Wide Control Signals Dedicated LAB Row Clocks Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect labclkena1 labclkena2 labclr1 synclr 6 labclk1 labclk2 syncload labclr2 LAB-wide signals control the logic for the register’s clear signal. The LE directly supports an asynchronous clear function. Each LAB supports up to two asynchronous clear signals (labclr1 and labclr2). Altera Corporation February 2007 2–9 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 MultiTrack Interconnect A LAB-wide asynchronous load signal to control the logic for the register’s preset signal is not available. The register preset is achieved by using a NOT gate push-back technique. Cyclone II devices can only support either a preset or asynchronous clear signal. In addition to the clear port, Cyclone II devices provide a chip-wide reset pin (DEV_CLRn) that resets all registers in the device. An option set before compilation in the Quartus II software controls this pin. This chip-wide reset overrides all other control signals. MultiTrack Interconnect In the Cyclone II architecture, connections between LEs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multipliers, and device I/O pins are provided by the MultiTrack interconnect structure with DirectDrive™ technology. The MultiTrack interconnect consists of continuous, performance-optimized routing lines of different speeds used for inter- and intra-design block connectivity. The Quartus II Compiler automatically places critical paths on faster interconnects to improve design performance. DirectDrive technology is a deterministic routing technology that ensures identical routing resource usage for any function regardless of placement within the device. The MultiTrack interconnect and DirectDrive technology simplify the integration stage of block-based designing by eliminating the re-optimization cycles that typically follow design changes and additions. The MultiTrack interconnect consists of row (direct link, R4, and R24) and column (register chain, C4, and C16) interconnects that span fixed distances. A routing structure with fixed-length resources for all devices allows predictable and repeatable performance when migrating through different device densities. Row Interconnects Dedicated row interconnects route signals to and from LABs, PLLs, M4K memory blocks, and embedded multipliers within the same row. These row resources include: ■ ■ ■ Direct link interconnects between LABs and adjacent blocks R4 interconnects traversing four blocks to the right or left R24 interconnects for high-speed access across the length of the device 2–10 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture The direct link interconnect allows an LAB, M4K memory block, or embedded multiplier block to drive into the local interconnect of its left and right neighbors. Only one side of a PLL block interfaces with direct link and row interconnects. The direct link interconnect provides fast communication between adjacent LABs and/or blocks without using row interconnect resources. The R4 interconnects span four LABs, three LABs and one M4K memory block, or three LABs and one embedded multiplier to the right or left of a source LAB. These resources are used for fast row connections in a fourLAB region. Every LAB has its own set of R4 interconnects to drive either left or right. Figure 2–8 shows R4 interconnect connections from an LAB. R4 interconnects can drive and be driven by LABs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multipliers, PLLs, and row IOEs. For LAB interfacing, a primary LAB or LAB neighbor (see Figure 2–8) can drive a given R4 interconnect. For R4 interconnects that drive to the right, the primary LAB and right neighbor can drive on to the interconnect. For R4 interconnects that drive to the left, the primary LAB and its left neighbor can drive on to the interconnect. R4 interconnects can drive other R4 interconnects to extend the range of LABs they can drive. Additionally, R4 interconnects can drive R24 interconnects, C4, and C16 interconnects for connections from one row to another. Figure 2–8. R4 Interconnect Connections Adjacent LAB can Drive onto Another LAB's R4 Interconnect R4 Interconnect Driving Left C4 Column Interconnects (1) R4 Interconnect Driving Right LAB Neighbor Primary LAB (2) LAB Neighbor Notes to Figure 2–8: (1) (2) C4 interconnects can drive R4 interconnects. This pattern is repeated for every LAB in the LAB row. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–11 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 MultiTrack Interconnect R24 row interconnects span 24 LABs and provide the fastest resource for long row connections between non-adjacent LABs, M4K memory blocks, dedicated multipliers, and row IOEs. R24 row interconnects drive to other row or column interconnects at every fourth LAB. R24 row interconnects drive LAB local interconnects via R4 and C4 interconnects and do not drive directly to LAB local interconnects. R24 interconnects can drive R24, R4, C16, and C4 interconnects. Column Interconnects The column interconnect operates similar to the row interconnect. Each column of LABs is served by a dedicated column interconnect, which vertically routes signals to and from LABs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multipliers, and row and column IOEs. These column resources include: ■ ■ ■ Register chain interconnects within an LAB C4 interconnects traversing a distance of four blocks in an up and down direction C16 interconnects for high-speed vertical routing through the device Cyclone II devices include an enhanced interconnect structure within LABs for routing LE output to LE input connections faster using register chain connections. The register chain connection allows the register output of one LE to connect directly to the register input of the next LE in the LAB for fast shift registers. The Quartus II Compiler automatically takes advantage of these resources to improve utilization and performance. Figure 2–9 shows the register chain interconnects. 2–12 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–9. Register Chain Interconnects Local Interconnect Routing Among LEs in the LAB Carry Chain Routing to Adjacent LE Local Interconnect LE 1 LE 2 LE 3 LE 4 LE 5 LE 6 LE 7 LE 8 LE 9 LE 10 LE 11 LE 12 LE13 LE 14 LE 15 LE 16 Register Chain Routing to Adjacent LE's Register Input The C4 interconnects span four LABs, M4K blocks, or embedded multipliers up or down from a source LAB. Every LAB has its own set of C4 interconnects to drive either up or down. Figure 2–10 shows the C4 interconnect connections from an LAB in a column. The C4 interconnects can drive and be driven by all types of architecture blocks, including PLLs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multiplier blocks, and column and row IOEs. For LAB interconnection, a primary LAB or its LAB neighbor (see Figure 2–10) can drive a given C4 interconnect. C4 interconnects can drive each other to extend their range as well as drive row interconnects for column-to-column connections. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–13 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 MultiTrack Interconnect Figure 2–10. C4 Interconnect Connections Note (1) C4 Interconnect Drives Local and R4 Interconnects Up to Four Rows C4 Interconnect Driving Up LAB Row Interconnect Adjacent LAB can drive onto neighboring LAB's C4 interconnect LAB Neighbor Local Interconnect Primary LAB C4 Interconnect Driving Down Note to Figure 2–10: (1) Each C4 interconnect can drive either up or down four rows. 2–14 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture C16 column interconnects span a length of 16 LABs and provide the fastest resource for long column connections between LABs, M4K memory blocks, embedded multipliers, and IOEs. C16 column interconnects drive to other row and column interconnects at every fourth LAB. C16 column interconnects drive LAB local interconnects via C4 and R4 interconnects and do not drive LAB local interconnects directly. C16 interconnects can drive R24, R4, C16, and C4 interconnects. Device Routing All embedded blocks communicate with the logic array similar to LAB-to-LAB interfaces. Each block (for example, M4K memory, embedded multiplier, or PLL) connects to row and column interconnects and has local interconnect regions driven by row and column interconnects. These blocks also have direct link interconnects for fast connections to and from a neighboring LAB. Table 2–1 shows the Cyclone II device’s routing scheme. Table 2–1. Cyclone II Device Routing Scheme (Part 1 of 2) Destination Direct Link Interconnect Embedded Multiplier Local Interconnect R24 Interconnect C16 Interconnect M4K RAM Block R4 Interconnect C4 Interconnect Register Chain Column IOE v Register Chain Local Interconnect Direct Link Interconnect R4 Interconnect R24 Interconnect C4 Interconnect C16 Interconnect v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Altera Corporation February 2007 2–15 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 PLL LE Source Row IOE Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Table 2–1. Cyclone II Device Routing Scheme (Part 2 of 2) Destination Direct Link Interconnect Embedded Multiplier Local Interconnect R24 Interconnect C16 Interconnect M4K RAM Block R4 Interconnect C4 Interconnect Register Chain Column IOE LE M4K memory Block Embedded Multipliers PLL Column IOE Row IOE v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Cyclone II devices provide global clock networks and up to four PLLs for a complete clock management solution. Cyclone II clock network features include: ■ ■ ■ ■ Up to 16 global clock networks Up to four PLLs Global clock network dynamic clock source selection Global clock network dynamic enable and disable 2–16 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 PLL LE Source Row IOE Cyclone II Architecture Each global clock network has a clock control block to select from a number of input clock sources (PLL clock outputs, CLK[] pins, DPCLK[] pins, and internal logic) to drive onto the global clock network. Table 2–2 lists how many PLLs, CLK[] pins, DPCLK[] pins, and global clock networks are available in each Cyclone II device. CLK[] pins are dedicated clock pins and DPCLK[] pins are dual-purpose clock pins. Table 2–2. Cyclone II Device Clock Resources Device EP2C5 EP2C8 EP2C15 EP2C20 EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 Number of PLLs 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 Number of CLK Pins 8 8 16 16 16 16 16 Number of DPCLK Pins 8 8 20 20 20 20 20 Number of Global Clock Networks 8 8 16 16 16 16 16 Figures 2–11 and 2–12 show the location of the Cyclone II PLLs, CLK[] inputs, DPCLK[] pins, and clock control blocks. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–17 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Figure 2–11. EP2C5 & EP2C8 PLL, CLK[], DPCLK[] & Clock Control Block Locations DPCLK10 DPCLK8 PLL 2 Clock Control Block (1) GCLK[7..0] DPCLK0 8 8 CLK[3..0] 4 8 DPCLK1 4 GCLK[7..0] Clock Control Block (1) DPCLK6 8 4 CLK[7..4] 4 DPCLK7 PLL 1 DPCLK2 DPCLK4 Note to Figure 2–11: (1) There are four clock control blocks on each side. 2–18 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–12. EP2C15 & Larger PLL, CLK[], DPCLK[] & Clock Control Block Locations DPCLK[11..10] CDPCLK7 2 4 4 3 CDPCLK0 (2) GCLK[15..0] DPCLK0 16 16 CLK[3..0] 4 16 DPCLK1 4 3 (2) CDPCLK1 3 PLL 1 4 4 2 CDPCLK2 CLK[15..12] DPCLK[3..2] DPCLK[5..4] 2 CDPCLK3 PLL 4 Clock Control Block (1) GCLK[15..0] (2) CDPCLK4 DPCLK6 16 4 CLK[7..4] Clock Control Block (1) (2) 4 3 DPCLK7 CDPCLK5 CLK[11..8] 2 DPCLK[9..8] CDPCLK6 PLL 3 PLL 2 Notes to Figure 2–12: (1) (2) There are four clock control blocks on each side. Only one of the corner CDPCLK pins in each corner can feed the clock control block at a time. The other CDPCLK pins can be used as general-purpose I/O pins. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–19 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Dedicated Clock Pins Larger Cyclone II devices (EP2C15 and larger devices) have 16 dedicated clock pins (CLK[15..0], four pins on each side of the device). Smaller Cyclone II devices (EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices) have eight dedicated clock pins (CLK[7..0], four pins on left and right sides of the device). These CLK pins drive the global clock network (GCLK), as shown in Figures 2–11 and 2–12. If the dedicated clock pins are not used to feed the global clock networks, they can be used as general-purpose input pins to feed the logic array using the MultiTrack interconnect. However, if they are used as generalpurpose input pins, they do not have support for an I/O register and must use LE-based registers in place of an I/O register. Dual-Purpose Clock Pins Cyclone II devices have either 20 dual-purpose clock pins, DPCLK[19..0] or 8 dual-purpose clock pins, DPCLK[7..0]. In the larger Cyclone II devices (EP2C15 devices and higher), there are 20 DPCLK pins; four on the left and right sides and six on the top and bottom of the device. The corner CDPCLK pins are first multiplexed before they drive into the clock control block. Since the signals pass through a multiplexer before feeding the clock control block, these signals incur more delay to the clock control block than other DPCLK pins that directly feed the clock control block. In the smaller Cyclone II devices (EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices), there are eight DPCLK pins; two on each side of the device (see Figures 2–11 and 2–12). A programmable delay chain is available from the DPCLK pin to its fanout destinations. To set the propagation delay from the DPCLK pin to its fan-out destinations, use the Input Delay from Dual-Purpose Clock Pin to Fan-Out Destinations assignment in the Quartus II software. These dual-purpose pins can connect to the global clock network for high-fanout control signals such as clocks, asynchronous clears, presets, and clock enables, or protocol control signals such as TRDY and IRDY for PCI, or DQS signals for external memory interfaces. 2–20 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Global Clock Network The 16 or 8 global clock networks drive throughout the entire device. Dedicated clock pins (CLK[]), PLL outputs, the logic array, and dual-purpose clock (DPCLK[]) pins can also drive the global clock network. The global clock network can provide clocks for all resources within the device, such as IOEs, LEs, memory blocks, and embedded multipliers. The global clock lines can also be used for control signals, such as clock enables and synchronous or asynchronous clears fed from the external pin, or DQS signals for DDR SDRAM or QDRII SRAM interfaces. Internal logic can also drive the global clock network for internally generated global clocks and asynchronous clears, clock enables, or other control signals with large fan-out. Clock Control Block There is a clock control block for each global clock network available in Cyclone II devices. The clock control blocks are arranged on the device periphery and there are a maximum of 16 clock control blocks available per Cyclone II device. The larger Cyclone II devices (EP2C15 devices and larger) have 16 clock control blocks, four on each side of the device. The smaller Cyclone II devices (EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices) have eight clock control blocks, four on the left and right sides of the device. The control block has these functions: ■ ■ Dynamic global clock network clock source selection Dynamic enable/disable of the global clock network In Cyclone II devices, the dedicated CLK[] pins, PLL counter outputs, DPCLK[] pins, and internal logic can all feed the clock control block. The output from the clock control block in turn feeds the corresponding global clock network. The following sources can be inputs to a given clock control block: ■ ■ ■ ■ Four clock pins on the same side as the clock control block Three PLL clock outputs from a PLL Four DPCLK pins (including CDPCLK pins) on the same side as the clock control block Four internally-generated signals Altera Corporation February 2007 2–21 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Of the sources listed, only two clock pins, two PLL clock outputs, one DPCLK pin, and one internally-generated signal are chosen to drive into a clock control block. Figure 2–13 shows a more detailed diagram of the clock control block. Out of these six inputs, the two clock input pins and two PLL outputs can be dynamic selected to feed a global clock network. The clock control block supports static selection of DPCLK and the signal from internal logic. Figure 2–13. Clock Control Block Clock Control Block Internal Logic DPCLK or CDPCLK Enable/ Disable Global Clock Static Clock Select (3) (3) CLK[n + 3] CLK[n + 2] CLK[n + 1] CLK[n] inclk1 inclk0 fIN C0 C1 C2 Static Clock Select (3) PLL CLKSWITCH (1) CLKSELECT[1..0] (2) CLKENA (4) Notes to Figure 2–13: (1) (2) (3) (4) The CLKSWITCH signal can either be set through the configuration file or it can be dynamically set when using the manual PLL switchover feature. The output of the multiplexer is the input reference clock (fIN) for the PLL. The CLKSELECT[1..0] signals are fed by internal logic and can be used to dynamically select the clock source for the global clock network when the device is in user mode. The static clock select signals are set in the configuration file and cannot be dynamically controlled when the device is in user mode. Internal logic can be used to enabled or disabled the global clock network in user mode. 2–22 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Global Clock Network Distribution Cyclone II devices contains 16 global clock networks. The device uses multiplexers with these clocks to form six-bit buses to drive column IOE clocks, LAB row clocks, or row IOE clocks (see Figure 2–14). Another multiplexer at the LAB level selects two of the six LAB row clocks to feed the LE registers within the LAB. Figure 2–14. Global Clock Network Multiplexers Column I/O Region IO_CLK [5..0] Global Clock Network Clock [15 or 7..0] LAB Row Clock LABCLK[5..0] Row I/O Region IO_CLK [5..0] LAB row clocks can feed LEs, M4K memory blocks, and embedded multipliers. The LAB row clocks also extend to the row I/O clock regions. IOE clocks are associated with row or column block regions. Only six global clock resources feed to these row and column regions. Figure 2–15 shows the I/O clock regions. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–23 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Figure 2–15. LAB & I/O Clock Regions Column I/O Clock Region IO_CLK[5..0] 6 I/O Clock Regions Cyclone Logic Array LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 6 LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 6 Global Clock Network LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 6 6 8 or 16 Row I/O Clock Region IO_CLK[5..0] LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 6 LAB Row Clocks labclk[5..0] 6 6 6 I/O Clock Regions Column I/O Clock Region IO_CLK[5..0] f For more information on the global clock network and the clock control block, see the PLLs in Cyclone II Devices chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 2–24 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture PLLs Cyclone II PLLs provide general-purpose clocking as well as support for the following features: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Clock multiplication and division Phase shifting Programmable duty cycle Up to three internal clock outputs One dedicated external clock output Clock outputs for differential I/O support Manual clock switchover Gated lock signal Three different clock feedback modes Control signals Cyclone II devices contain either two or four PLLs. Table 2–3 shows the PLLs available for each Cyclone II device. Table 2–3. Cyclone II Device PLL Availability Device EP2C5 EP2C8 EP2C15 EP2C20 EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 PLL1 v v v v v v v PLL2 v v v v v v v PLL3 PLL4 v v v v v v v v v v Altera Corporation February 2007 2–25 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops Table 2–4 describes the PLL features in Cyclone II devices. Table 2–4. Cyclone II PLL Features Feature Clock multiplication and division Description m / (n × post-scale counter) m and post-scale counter values (C0 to C2) range from 1 to 32. n ranges from 1 to 4. Cyclone II PLLs have an advanced clock shift capability that enables programmable phase shifts in increments of at least 45°. The finest resolution of phase shifting is determined by the voltage control oscillator (VCO) period divided by 8 (for example, 1/1000 MHz/8 = down to 125-ps increments). The programmable duty cycle allows PLLs to generate clock outputs with a variable duty cycle. This feature is supported on each PLL post-scale counter (C0-C2). The Cyclone II PLL has three outputs which can drive the global clock network. One of these outputs (C2) can also drive a dedicated PLL_OUT pin (single ended or differential). The C2 output drives a dedicated PLL_OUT pin. If the C2 output is not used to drive an external clock output, it can be used to drive the internal global clock network. The C2 output can concurrently drive the external clock output and internal global clock network. The Cyclone II PLLs support manual switchover of the reference clock through internal logic. This enables you to switch between two reference input clocks during user mode for applications that may require clock redundancy or support for clocks with two different frequencies. The lock output indicates that there is a stable clock output signal in phase with the reference clock. Cyclone II PLLs include a programmable counter that holds the lock signal low for a user-selected number of input clock transitions, allowing the PLL to lock before enabling the locked signal. Either a gated locked signal or an ungated locked signal from the locked port can drive internal logic or an output pin. In zero delay buffer mode, the external clock output pin is phase-aligned with the clock input pin for zero delay. In normal mode, the PLL compensates for the internal global clock network delay from the input clock pin to the clock port of the IOE output registers or registers in the logic array. In no compensation mode, the PLL does not compensate for any clock networks. The pllenable signal enables and disables the PLLs. The areset signal resets/resynchronizes the inputs for each PLL. The pfdena signal controls the phase frequency detector (PFD) output with a programmable gate. Phase shift Programmable duty cycle Number of internal clock outputs Number of external clock outputs Manual clock switchover Gated lock signal Clock feedback modes Control signals 2–26 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–16 shows a block diagram of the Cyclone II PLL. Figure 2–16. Cyclone II PLL Note (1) VCO Phase Selection Selectable at Each PLL Output Port Post-Scale Counters Manual Clock Switchover Select Signal CLK0 (1) CLK1 CLK2 (1) CLK3 inclk0 inclk1 fIN Reference Input Clock fREF = fIN /n up ÷n PFD down fFB Charge Pump Loop Filter 8 ÷c0 fVCO 8 VCO ÷k (3) 8 ÷c2 (2) ÷c1 Global Clock Global Clock Global Clock PLL_OUT ÷m Lock Detect & Filter To I/O or general routing Notes to Figure 2–16: (1) This input can be single-ended or differential. If you are using a differential I/O standard, then two CLK pins are used. LVDS input is supported via the secondary function of the dedicated CLK pins. For example, the CLK0 pin’s secondary function is LVDSCLK1p and the CLK1 pin’s secondary function is LVDSCLK1n. If a differential I/O standard is assigned to the PLL clock input pin, the corresponding CLK(n) pin is also completely used. The Figure 2–16 shows the possible clock input connections (CLK0/CLK1) to PLL1. This counter output is shared between a dedicated external clock output I/O and the global clock network. (2) f For more information on Cyclone II PLLs, see the PLLs in the Cyclone II Devices chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. The Cyclone II embedded memory consists of columns of M4K memory blocks. The M4K memory blocks include input registers that synchronize writes and output registers to pipeline designs and improve system performance. The output registers can be bypassed, but input registers cannot. Embedded Memory Altera Corporation February 2007 2–27 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Memory Each M4K block can implement various types of memory with or without parity, including true dual-port, simple dual-port, and single-port RAM, ROM, and first-in first-out (FIFO) buffers. The M4K blocks support the following features: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 4,608 RAM bits 250-MHz performance True dual-port memory Simple dual-port memory Single-port memory Byte enable Parity bits Shift register FIFO buffer ROM Various clock modes Address clock enable Violating the setup or hold time on the memory block address registers could corrupt memory contents. This applies to both read and write operations. 1 Table 2–5 shows the capacity and distribution of the M4K memory blocks in each Cyclone II device. Table 2–5. M4K Memory Capacity & Distribution in Cyclone II Devices Device EP2C5 EP2C8 EP2C15 EP2C20 EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 M4K Columns 2 2 2 2 3 3 5 M4K Blocks 26 36 52 52 105 129 250 Total RAM Bits 119,808 165,888 239,616 239,616 483,840 594,432 1,152,000 2–28 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–6 summarizes the features supported by the M4K memory. Table 2–6. M4K Memory Features Feature Maximum performance (1) Total RAM bits per M4K block (including parity bits) Configurations supported 250 MHz 4,608 4K × 1 2K × 2 1K × 4 512 × 8 512 × 9 256 × 16 256 × 18 128 × 32 (not available in true dual-port mode) 128 × 36 (not available in true dual-port mode) One parity bit for each byte. The parity bit, along with internal user logic, can implement parity checking for error detection to ensure data integrity. M4K blocks support byte writes when the write port has a data width of 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16, 18, 32, or 36 bits. The byte enables allow the input data to be masked so the device can write to specific bytes. The unwritten bytes retain the previous written value. Two single-port memory blocks can be packed into a single M4K block if each of the two independent block sizes are equal to or less than half of the M4K block size, and each of the single-port memory blocks is configured in single-clock mode. M4K blocks support address clock enable, which is used to hold the previous address value for as long as the signal is enabled. This feature is useful in handling misses in cache applications. When configured as RAM or ROM, you can use an initialization file to pre-load the memory contents. Outputs cleared Output registers only New data available at positive clock edge Old data available at positive clock edge Description Parity bits Byte enable Packed mode Address clock enable Memory initialization file (.mif) Power-up condition Register clears Same-port read-during-write Mixed-port read-during-write Note to Table 2–6: (1) Maximum performance information is preliminary until device characterization. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–29 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Memory Memory Modes Table 2–7 summarizes the different memory modes supported by the M4K memory blocks. Table 2–7. M4K Memory Modes Memory Mode Single-port memory Description M4K blocks support single-port mode, used when simultaneous reads and writes are not required. Single-port memory supports non-simultaneous reads and writes. Simple dual-port memory supports a simultaneous read and write. Simple dual-port memory mode with different read and write port widths. True dual-port mode supports any combination of two-port operations: two reads, two writes, or one read and one write at two different clock frequencies. True dual-port mode with different read and write port widths. M4K memory blocks are used to implement shift registers. Data is written into each address location at the falling edge of the clock and read from the address at the rising edge of the clock. The M4K memory blocks support ROM mode. A MIF initializes the ROM contents of these blocks. A single clock or dual clock FIFO may be implemented in the M4K blocks. Simultaneous read and write from an empty FIFO buffer is not supported. Simple dual-port memory Simple dual-port with mixed width True dual-port memory True dual-port with mixed width Embedded shift register ROM FIFO buffers 1 Embedded Memory can be inferred in your HDL code or directly instantiated in the Quartus II software using the MegaWizard® Plug-in Manager Memory Compiler feature. 2–30 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Clock Modes Table 2–8 summarizes the different clock modes supported by the M4K memory. Table 2–8. M4K Clock Modes Clock Mode Independent Description In this mode, a separate clock is available for each port (ports A and B). Clock A controls all registers on the port A side, while clock B controls all registers on the port B side. On each of the two ports, A or B, one clock controls all registers for inputs into the memory block: data input, wren, and address. The other clock controls the block’s data output registers. Up to two clocks are available in this mode. The write clock controls the block’s data inputs, wraddress, and wren. The read clock controls the data output, rdaddress, and rden. In this mode, a single clock, together with clock enable, is used to control all registers of the memory block. Asynchronous clear signals for the registers are not supported. Input/output Read/write Single Table 2–9 shows which clock modes are supported by all M4K blocks when configured in the different memory modes. Table 2–9. Cyclone II M4K Memory Clock Modes Clocking Modes Independent Input/output Read/write Single clock v True Dual-Port Mode v v Simple Dual-Port Single-Port Mode Mode v v v v v M4K Routing Interface The R4, C4, and direct link interconnects from adjacent LABs drive the M4K block local interconnect. The M4K blocks can communicate with LABs on either the left or right side through these row resources or with LAB columns on either the right or left with the column resources. Up to 16 direct link input connections to the M4K block are possible from the left adjacent LAB and another 16 possible from the right adjacent LAB. M4K block outputs can also connect to left and right LABs through each 16 direct link interconnects. Figure 2–17 shows the M4K block to logic array interface. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–31 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Multipliers Figure 2–17. M4K RAM Block LAB Row Interface C4 Interconnects R4 Interconnects Direct link interconnect to adjacent LAB 16 Direct link interconnect to adjacent LAB dataout Direct link interconnect from adjacent LAB 16 M4K RAM Block Byte enable Control Signals Clocks 16 Direct link interconnect from adjacent LAB address datain 6 M4K RAM Block Local Interconnect Region LAB Row Clocks f For more information on Cyclone II embedded memory, see the Cyclone II Memory Blocks chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Cyclone II devices have embedded multiplier blocks optimized for multiplier-intensive digital signal processing (DSP) functions, such as finite impulse response (FIR) filters, fast Fourier transform (FFT) functions, and discrete cosine transform (DCT) functions. You can use the embedded multiplier in one of two basic operational modes, depending on the application needs: ■ ■ Embedded Multipliers One 18-bit multiplier Up to two independent 9-bit multipliers 2–32 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Embedded multipliers can operate at up to 250 MHz (for the fastest speed grade) for 18 × 18 and 9 × 9 multiplications when using both input and output registers. Each Cyclone II device has one to three columns of embedded multipliers that efficiently implement multiplication functions. An embedded multiplier spans the height of one LAB row. Table 2–10 shows the number of embedded multipliers in each Cyclone II device and the multipliers that can be implemented. Table 2–10. Number of Embedded Multipliers in Cyclone II Devices Device EP2C5 EP2C8 EP2C15 EP2C20 EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 Note to Table 2–10: (1) Note (1) 18 × 18 Multipliers 13 18 26 26 35 86 150 Embedded Multiplier Columns 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 Embedded Multipliers 13 18 26 26 35 86 150 9 × 9 Multipliers 26 36 52 52 70 172 300 Each device has either the number of 9 × 9-, or 18 × 18-bit multipliers shown. The total number of multipliers for each device is not the sum of all the multipliers. The embedded multiplier consists of the following elements: ■ ■ ■ Multiplier block Input and output registers Input and output interfaces Figure 2–18 shows the multiplier block architecture. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–33 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Multipliers Figure 2–18. Multiplier Block Architecture signa (1) signb (1) aclr clock ena Data A D ENA Q Data Out D Q ENA CLRN CLRN Data B D ENA Q CLRN Input Register Output Register Embedded Multiplier Block Note to Figure 2–18: (1) If necessary, these signals can be registered once to match the data signal path. Each multiplier operand can be a unique signed or unsigned number. Two signals, signa and signb, control the representation of each operand respectively. A logic 1 value on the signa signal indicates that data A is a signed number while a logic 0 value indicates an unsigned number. Table 2–11 shows the sign of the multiplication result for the various operand sign representations. The result of the multiplication is signed if any one of the operands is a signed value. Table 2–11. Multiplier Sign Representation Data A (signa Value) Unsigned Unsigned Signed Signed Data B (signb Value) Unsigned Signed Unsigned Signed Signed Signed Signed Result Unsigned 2–34 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture There is only one signa and one signb signal for each dedicated multiplier. Therefore, all of the data A inputs feeding the same dedicated multiplier must have the same sign representation. Similarly, all of the data B inputs feeding the same dedicated multiplier must have the same sign representation. The signa and signb signals can be changed dynamically to modify the sign representation of the input operands at run time. The multiplier offers full precision regardless of the sign representation and can be registered using dedicated registers located at the input register stage. Multiplier Modes Table 2–12 summarizes the different modes that the embedded multipliers can operate in. Table 2–12. Embedded Multiplier Modes Multiplier Mode 18-bit Multiplier Description An embedded multiplier can be configured to support a single 18 × 18 multiplier for operand widths up to 18 bits. All 18-bit multiplier inputs and results can be registered independently. The multiplier operands can accept signed integers, unsigned integers, or a combination of both. An embedded multiplier can be configured to support two 9 × 9 independent multipliers for operand widths up to 9-bits. Both 9-bit multiplier inputs and results can be registered independently. The multiplier operands can accept signed integers, unsigned integers or a combination of both. There is only one signa signal to control the sign representation of both data A inputs and one signb signal to control the sign representation of both data B inputs of the 9-bit multipliers within the same dedicated multiplier. 9-bit Multiplier Altera Corporation February 2007 2–35 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Embedded Multipliers Embedded Multiplier Routing Interface The R4, C4, and direct link interconnects from adjacent LABs drive the embedded multiplier row interface interconnect. The embedded multipliers can communicate with LABs on either the left or right side through these row resources or with LAB columns on either the right or left with the column resources. Up to 16 direct link input connections to the embedded multiplier are possible from the left adjacent LABs and another 16 possible from the right adjacent LAB. Embedded multiplier outputs can also connect to left and right LABs through 18 direct link interconnects each. Figure 2–19 shows the embedded multiplier to logic array interface. Figure 2–19. Embedded Multiplier LAB Row Interface C4 Interconnects Direct Link Interconnect from Adjacent LAB R4 Interconnects 18 Direct Link Outputs to Adjacent LABs Direct Link Interconnect from Adjacent LAB 36 Embedded Multiplier LAB 16 18 18 LAB 16 5 Control 36 [35..0] 18 [35..0] 18 Row Interface Block LAB Block Interconect Region Embedded Multiplier to LAB Row Interface Block Interconnect Region 36 Inputs per Row 36 Outputs per Row LAB Block Interconect Region C4 Interconnects 2–36 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture There are five dynamic control input signals that feed the embedded multiplier: signa, signb, clk, clkena, and aclr. signa and signb can be registered to match the data signal input path. The same clk, clkena, and aclr signals feed all registers within a single embedded multiplier. f For more information on Cyclone II embedded multipliers, see the Embedded Multipliers in Cyclone II Devices chapter. IOEs support many features, including: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ I/O Structure & Features Differential and single-ended I/O standards 3.3-V, 64- and 32-bit, 66- and 33-MHz PCI compliance Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundary-scan test (BST) support Output drive strength control Weak pull-up resistors during configuration Tri-state buffers Bus-hold circuitry Programmable pull-up resistors in user mode Programmable input and output delays Open-drain outputs DQ and DQS I/O pins VREF pins Cyclone II device IOEs contain a bidirectional I/O buffer and three registers for complete embedded bidirectional single data rate transfer. Figure 2–20 shows the Cyclone II IOE structure. The IOE contains one input register, one output register, and one output enable register. You can use the input registers for fast setup times and output registers for fast clock-to-output times. Additionally, you can use the output enable (OE) register for fast clock-to-output enable timing. The Quartus II software automatically duplicates a single OE register that controls multiple output or bidirectional pins. You can use IOEs as input, output, or bidirectional pins. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–37 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–20. Cyclone II IOE Structure Logic Array OE Register OE Output Register Output Input (1) Input Register Note to Figure 2–20: (1) There are two paths available for combinational or registered inputs to the logic array. Each path contains a unique programmable delay chain. The IOEs are located in I/O blocks around the periphery of the Cyclone II device. There are up to five IOEs per row I/O block and up to four IOEs per column I/O block (column I/O blocks span two columns). The row I/O blocks drive row, column (only C4 interconnects), or direct link interconnects. The column I/O blocks drive column interconnects. Figure 2–21 shows how a row I/O block connects to the logic array. Figure 2–22 shows how a column I/O block connects to the logic array. 2–38 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–21. Row I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect R4 & R24 Interconnects C4 Interconnects I/O Block Local Interconnect 35 Data and Control Signals from Logic Array (1) LAB 35 Row I/O Block io_datain0[4..0] io_datain1[4..0] (2) Direct Link Interconnect to Adjacent LAB LAB Local Interconnect Direct Link Interconnect from Adjacent LAB io_clk[5..0] Row I/O Block Contains up to Five IOEs Notes to Figure 2–21: (1) The 35 data and control signals consist of five data out lines, io_dataout[4..0], five output enables, io_coe[4..0], five input clock enables, io_cce_in[4..0], five output clock enables, io_cce_out[4..0], five clocks, io_cclk[4..0], five asynchronous clear signals, io_caclr[4..0], and five synchronous clear signals, io_csclr[4..0]. Each of the five IOEs in the row I/O block can have two io_datain (combinational or registered) inputs. (2) Altera Corporation February 2007 2–39 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–22. Column I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect Column I/O Block Contains up to Four IOEs Column I/O Block 28 Data & Control Signals from Logic Array (1) 28 io_datain0[3..0] io_datain1[3..0] (2) io_clk[5..0] I/O Block Local Interconnect R4 & R24 Interconnects LAB LAB LAB LAB Local Interconnect C4 & C24 Interconnects Notes to Figure 2–22: (1) The 28 data and control signals consist of four data out lines, io_dataout[3..0], four output enables, io_coe[3..0], four input clock enables, io_cce_in[3..0], four output clock enables, io_cce_out[3..0], four clocks, io_cclk[3..0], four asynchronous clear signals, io_caclr[3..0], and four synchronous clear signals, io_csclr[3..0]. Each of the four IOEs in the column I/O block can have two io_datain (combinational or registered) inputs. (2) 2–40 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture The pin’s datain signals can drive the logic array. The logic array drives the control and data signals, providing a flexible routing resource. The row or column IOE clocks, io_clk[5..0], provide a dedicated routing resource for low-skew, high-speed clocks. The global clock network generates the IOE clocks that feed the row or column I/O regions (see “Global Clock Network & Phase-Locked Loops” on page 2–16). Figure 2–23 illustrates the signal paths through the I/O block. Figure 2–23. Signal Path Through the I/O Block Row or Column io_clk[5..0] To Other IOEs To Logic Array io_datain0 io_datain1 oe ce_in io_csclr ce_out io_coe io_cce_in Data and Control Signal Selection aclr/preset sclr/preset clk_in io_caclr clk_out io_cclk io_dataout dataout IOE From Logic Array io_cce_out Each IOE contains its own control signal selection for the following control signals: oe, ce_in, ce_out, aclr/preset, sclr/preset, clk_in, and clk_out. Figure 2–24 illustrates the control signal selection. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–41 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–24. Control Signal Selection per IOE Dedicated I/O Clock [5..0] Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect io_coe io_csclr io_caclr io_cce_out io_cce_in clk_out ce_out sclr/preset io_cclk clk_in ce_in aclr/preset oe In normal bidirectional operation, you can use the input register for input data requiring fast setup times. The input register can have its own clock input and clock enable separate from the OE and output registers. You can use the output register for data requiring fast clock-to-output performance. The OE register is available for fast clock-to-output enable timing. The OE and output register share the same clock source and the same clock enable source from the local interconnect in the associated LAB, dedicated I/O clocks, or the column and row interconnects. All registers share sclr and aclr, but each register can individually disable sclr and aclr. Figure 2–25 shows the IOE in bidirectional configuration. 2–42 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–25. Cyclone II IOE in Bidirectional I/O Configuration io_clk[5..0] Column or Row Interconect OE OE Register D PRN Q VCCIO Optional PCI Clamp VCCIO aclr/prn Programmable Pull-Up Resistor clkout ENA CLRN ce_out Chip-Wide Reset Output Register D PRN Q Output Pin Delay Open-Drain Output CLRN ENA sclr/preset data_in1 Bus Hold data_in0 Input Pin to Input Register Delay or Input Pin to Logic Array Delay Input Register D clkin ce_in PRN Q ENA CLRN The Cyclone II device IOE includes programmable delays to ensure zero hold times, minimize setup times, or increase clock to output times. A path in which a pin directly drives a register may require a programmable delay to ensure zero hold time, whereas a path in which a pin drives a register through combinational logic may not require the delay. Programmable delays decrease input-pin-to-logic-array and IOE input register delays. The Quartus II Compiler can program these delays to automatically minimize setup time while providing a zero hold time. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–43 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Programmable delays can increase the register-to-pin delays for output registers. Table 2–13 shows the programmable delays for Cyclone II devices. Table 2–13. Cyclone II Programmable Delay Chain Programmable Delays Input pin to logic array delay Input pin to input register delay Output pin delay Quartus II Logic Option Input delay from pin to internal cells Input delay from pin to input register Delay from output register to output pin There are two paths in the IOE for an input to reach the logic array. Each of the two paths can have a different delay. This allows you to adjust delays from the pin to internal LE registers that reside in two different areas of the device. You set the two combinational input delays by selecting different delays for two different paths under the Input delay from pin to internal cells logic option in the Quartus II software. However, if the pin uses the input register, one of delays is disregarded because the IOE only has two paths to internal logic. If the input register is used, the IOE uses one input path. The other input path is then available for the combinational path, and only one input delay assignment is applied. The IOE registers in each I/O block share the same source for clear or preset. You can program preset or clear for each individual IOE, but both features cannot be used simultaneously. You can also program the registers to power up high or low after configuration is complete. If programmed to power up low, an asynchronous clear can control the registers. If programmed to power up high, an asynchronous preset can control the registers. This feature prevents the inadvertent activation of another device’s active-low input upon power up. If one register in an IOE uses a preset or clear signal then all registers in the IOE must use that same signal if they require preset or clear. Additionally a synchronous reset signal is available for the IOE registers. External Memory Interfacing Cyclone II devices support a broad range of external memory interfaces such as SDR SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, and QDRII SRAM external memories. Cyclone II devices feature dedicated high-speed interfaces that transfer data between external memory devices at up to 167 MHz/333 Mbps for DDR and DDR2 SDRAM devices and 167 MHz/667 Mbps for QDRII SRAM devices. The programmable DQS delay chain allows you to fine tune the phase shift for the input clocks or strobes to properly align clock edges as needed to capture data. 2–44 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture In Cyclone II devices, all the I/O banks support SDR and DDR SDRAM memory up to 167 MHz/333 Mbps. All I/O banks support DQS signals with the DQ bus modes of ×8/×9, or ×16/×18. Table 2–14 shows the external memory interfaces supported in Cyclone II devices. Table 2–14. External Memory Support in Cyclone II Devices Memory Standard SDR SDRAM DDR SDRAM Note (1) Maximum Clock Rate Supported (MHz) 167 167 133 167 125 167 100 I/O Standard LVTTL (2) SSTL-2 class I (2) SSTL-2 class II (2) Maximum Bus Width 72 72 72 72 72 36 36 Maximum Data Rate Supported (Mbps) 167 333 (1) 267 (1) 333 (1) 250 (1) 668 (1) 400 (1) DDR2 SDRAM SSTL-18 class I (2) SSTL-18 class II (3) QDRII SRAM (4) 1.8-V HSTL class I (2) 1.8-V HSTL class II (3) Notes to Table 2–14: (1) (2) (3) (4) The data rate is for designs using the Clock Delay Control circuitry. The I/O standards are supported on all the I/O banks of the Cyclone II device. The I/O standards are supported only on the I/O banks on the top and bottom of the Cyclone II device. For maximum performance, Altera recommends using the 1.8-V HSTL I/O standard because of higher I/O drive strength. QDRII SRAM devices also support the 1.5-V HSTL I/O standard. Cyclone II devices use data (DQ), data strobe (DQS), and clock pins to interface with external memory. Figure 2–26 shows the DQ and DQS pins in the ×8/×9 mode. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–45 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–26. Cyclone II Device DQ & DQS Groups in ×8/×9 Mode Notes (1), (2) DQ Pins DQS Pin (2) DQ Pins DM Pin Notes to Figure 2–26: (1) (2) Each DQ group consists of a DQS pin, DM pin, and up to nine DQ pins. This is an idealized pin layout. For actual pin layout, refer to the pin table. Cyclone II devices support the data strobe or read clock signal (DQS) used in DDR and DDR2 SDRAM. Cyclone II devices can use either bidirectional data strobes or unidirectional read clocks. The dedicated external memory interface in Cyclone II devices also includes programmable delay circuitry that can shift the incoming DQS signals to center align the DQS signals within the data window. The DQS signal is usually associated with a group of data (DQ) pins. The phase-shifted DQS signals drive the global clock network, which is used to clock the DQ signals on internal LE registers. Table 2–15 shows the number of DQ pin groups per device. Table 2–15. Cyclone II DQS & DQ Bus Mode Support (Part 1 of 2) Device EP2C5 Note (1) Package 144-pin TQFP (2) 208-pin PQFP Number of ×8 Groups 3 7 (3) 3 7 (3) 8 (3) 8 16 (4) 8 16 (4) Number of ×9 Number of ×16 Number of ×18 Groups (5), (6) Groups Groups (5), (6) 3 4 3 4 4 4 8 4 8 0 3 0 3 4 4 8 4 8 0 3 0 3 4 4 8 4 8 EP2C8 144-pin TQFP (2) 208-pin PQFP 256-pin FineLine BGA® EP2C15 256-pin FineLine BGA 484-pin FineLine BGA EP2C20 256-pin FineLine BGA 484-pin FineLine BGA 2–46 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–15. Cyclone II DQS & DQ Bus Mode Support (Part 2 of 2) Device EP2C35 Note (1) Package 484-pin FineLine BGA 672-pin FineLine BGA Number of ×8 Groups 16 (4) 20 (4) 16 (4) 20 (4) 20 (4) 20 (4) Number of ×9 Number of ×16 Number of ×18 Groups (5), (6) Groups Groups (5), (6) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 EP2C50 484-pin FineLine BGA 672-pin FineLine BGA EP2C70 672-pin FineLine BGA 896-pin FineLine BGA Notes to Table 2–15: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Numbers are preliminary. EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices in the 144-pin TQFP package do not have any DQ pin groups in I/O bank 1. Because of available clock resources, only a total of 6 DQ/DQS groups can be implemented. Because of available clock resources, only a total of 14 DQ/DQS groups can be implemented. The ×9 DQS/DQ groups are also used as ×8 DQS/DQ groups. The ×18 DQS/DQ groups are also used as ×16 DQS/DQ groups. For QDRI implementation, if you connect the D ports (write data) to the Cyclone II DQ pins, the total available ×9 DQS /DQ and ×18 DQS/DQ groups are half of that shown in Table 2–15. You can use any of the DQ pins for the parity pins in Cyclone II devices. The Cyclone II device family supports parity in the ×8/×9, and ×16/×18 mode. There is one parity bit available per eight bits of data pins. The data mask, DM, pins are required when writing to DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM devices. A low signal on the DM pin indicates that the write is valid. If the DM signal is high, the memory masks the DQ signals. In Cyclone II devices, the DM pins are assigned and are the preferred pins. Each group of DQS and DQ signals requires a DM pin. When using the Cyclone II I/O banks to interface with the DDR memory, at least one PLL with two clock outputs is needed to generate the system and write clock. The system clock is used to clock the DQS write signals, commands, and addresses. The write clock is shifted by –90° from the system clock and is used to clock the DQ signals during writes. Figure 2–27 illustrates DDR SDRAM interfacing from the I/O through the dedicated circuitry to the logic array. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–47 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–27. DDR SDRAM Interfacing DQS DQ OE LE Register OE LE Register t Adjacent LAB LEs LE Register LE Register VCC LE Register DataA LE Register LE Register LE Register GND LE Register DataB LE Register LE Register LE Register LE Register clk PLL Clock Delay Control Circuitry -90˚ Shifted clk Clock Control Block ENOUT en/dis Global Clock Dynamic Enable/Disable Circuitry ena_register_mode Resynchronizing to System Clock f For more information on Cyclone II external memory interfaces, see the External Memory Interfaces chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 2–48 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Programmable Drive Strength The output buffer for each Cyclone II device I/O pin has a programmable drive strength control for certain I/O standards. The LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL-2 class I and II, SSTL-18 class I and II, HSTL-18 class I and II, and HSTL-1.5 class I and II standards have several levels of drive strength that you can control. Using minimum settings provides signal slew rate control to reduce system noise and signal overshoot. Table 2–16 shows the possible settings for the I/O standards with drive strength control. Table 2–16. Programmable Drive Strength (Part 1 of 2) I/O Standard LVTTL (3.3 V) Note (1) IOH/IOL Current Strength Setting (mA) Top & Bottom I/O Pins 4 8 12 16 20 24 Side I/O Pins 4 8 12 16 20 24 4 8 12 LVCMOS (3.3 V) 4 8 12 16 20 24 LVTTL/LVCMOS (2.5 V) 4 8 12 16 4 8 LVTTL/LVCMOS (1.8 V) 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 Altera Corporation February 2007 2–49 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Table 2–16. Programmable Drive Strength (Part 2 of 2) I/O Standard LVCMOS (1.5 V) Note (1) IOH/IOL Current Strength Setting (mA) Top & Bottom I/O Pins 2 4 6 8 Side I/O Pins 2 4 6 SSTL-2 class I 8 12 8 12 16 SSTL-2 class II 16 20 24 SSTL-18 class I 6 8 10 12 6 8 10 SSTL-18 class II 16 18 HSTL-18 class I 8 10 12 8 10 12 HSTL-18 class II 16 18 20 HSTL-15 class I 8 10 12 8 HSTL-15 class II Note to Table 2–16: (1) 16 The default current in the Quartus II software is the maximum setting for each I/O standard. Open-Drain Output Cyclone II devices provide an optional open-drain (equivalent to an open-collector) output for each I/O pin. This open-drain output enables the device to provide system-level control signals (that is, interrupt and write-enable signals) that can be asserted by any of several devices. 2–50 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Slew Rate Control Slew rate control is performed by using programmable output drive strength. Bus Hold Each Cyclone II device user I/O pin provides an optional bus-hold feature. The bus-hold circuitry can hold the signal on an I/O pin at its last-driven state. Since the bus-hold feature holds the last-driven state of the pin until the next input signal is present, an external pull-up or pull-down resistor is not necessary to hold a signal level when the bus is tri-stated. The bus-hold circuitry also pulls undriven pins away from the input threshold voltage where noise can cause unintended high-frequency switching. You can select this feature individually for each I/O pin. The bus-hold output drives no higher than VCCIO to prevent overdriving signals. 1 If the bus-hold feature is enabled, the device cannot use the programmable pull-up option. Disable the bus-hold feature when the I/O pin is configured for differential signals. Bus hold circuitry is not available on the dedicated clock pins. The bus-hold circuitry is only active after configuration. When going into user mode, the bus-hold circuit captures the value on the pin present at the end of configuration. The bus-hold circuitry uses a resistor with a nominal resistance (RBH) of approximately 7 kΩ to pull the signal level to the last-driven state. Refer to the DC Characteristics & Timing Specifications chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook for the specific sustaining current for each VCCIO voltage level driven through the resistor and overdrive current used to identify the next driven input level. Programmable Pull-Up Resistor Each Cyclone II device I/O pin provides an optional programmable pull-up resistor during user mode. If you enable this feature for an I/O pin, the pull-up resistor (typically 25 kΩ) holds the output to the VCCIO level of the output pin’s bank. 1 If the programmable pull-up is enabled, the device cannot use the bus-hold feature. The programmable pull-up resistors are not supported on the dedicated configuration, JTAG, and dedicated clock pins. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–51 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Advanced I/O Standard Support Table 2–17 shows the I/O standards supported by Cyclone II devices and which I/O pins support them. Table 2–17. Cyclone II Supported I/O Standards & Constraints (Part 1 of 2) VCCIO Level I/O Standard Type Input Output 3.3-V LVTTL and LVCMOS (1) 2.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1.5-V LVCMOS SSTL-2 class I SSTL-2 class II SSTL-18 class I SSTL-18 class II HSTL-18 class I HSTL-18 class II HSTL-15 class I HSTL-15 class II PCI and PCI-X (1) (3) Single ended Single ended Single ended Single ended Voltage referenced Voltage referenced Voltage referenced Voltage referenced Voltage referenced Voltage referenced Voltage referenced Voltage referenced Single ended 3.3 V/ 2.5 V 3.3 V/ 2.5 V 1.8 V/ 1.5 V 1.8 V/ 1.5 V 2.5 V 2.5 V 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.5 V 1.5 V 3.3 V (5) 2.5 V (5) 1.8 V 3.3 V 2.5 V 1.8 V 1.5 V 2.5 V 2.5 V 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.8 V 1.5 V 1.5 V 3.3 V 2.5 V (5) 1.8 V (5) Top & Bottom I/O Pins Side I/O Pins User I/O Pins v v v v v v v (2) CLK, User I/O CLK, PLL_OUT DQS Pins DQS v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v (2) v v v v v v v (2) v (2) v (2) v (2) v (2) v (2) v (2) v v (6) v v v Differential SSTL-2 class I or Pseudo class II differential (4) v (6) Differential SSTL-18 class I or class II Pseudo differential (4) v (7) v (6) v (6) 2–52 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–17. Cyclone II Supported I/O Standards & Constraints (Part 2 of 2) VCCIO Level I/O Standard Type Input Output Differential HSTL-15 class I or class II Pseudo differential (4) (5) 1.5 V (5) 1.8 V 2.5 V (5) 3.3 V/ 2.5 V/ 1.8 V/ 1.5 V 1.5 V (5) 1.8 V (5) 2.5 V 2.5 V (5) Top & Bottom I/O Pins Side I/O Pins User I/O Pins CLK, User I/O CLK, PLL_OUT DQS Pins DQS v (7) v (6) v (6) Differential HSTL-18 class I or class II Pseudo differential (4) v (7) v (6) v (6) LVDS RSDS and mini-LVDS (8) LVPECL (9) Differential Differential Differential v v v v v v v v v v Notes to Table 2–17: (1) (2) (3) (4) To drive inputs higher than VC C I O but less than 4.0 V, disable the PCI clamping diode and turn on the Allow LVTTL and LVCMOS input levels to overdrive input buffer option in the Quartus II software. These pins support SSTL-18 class II and 1.8- and 1.5-V HSTL class II inputs. PCI-X does not meet the IV curve requirement at the linear region. PCI-clamp diode is not available on top and bottom I/O pins. Pseudo-differential HSTL and SSTL outputs use two single-ended outputs with the second output programmed as inverted. Pseudo-differential HSTL and SSTL inputs treat differential inputs as two single-ended HSTL and SSTL inputs and only decode one of them. This I/O standard is not supported on these I/O pins. This I/O standard is only supported on the dedicated clock pins. PLL_OUT does not support differential SSTL-18 class II and differential 1.8 and 1.5-V HSTL class II. mini-LVDS and RSDS are only supported on output pins. LVPECL is only supported on clock inputs. (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) f For more information on Cyclone II supported I/O standards, see the Selectable I/O Standards in Cyclone II Devices chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. High-Speed Differential Interfaces Cyclone II devices can transmit and receive data through LVDS signals at a data rate of up to 640 Mbps and 805 Mbps, respectively. For the LVDS transmitter and receiver, the Cyclone II device’s input and output pins support serialization and deserialization through internal logic. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–53 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features The reduced swing differential signaling (RSDS) and mini-LVDS standards are derivatives of the LVDS standard. The RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards are similar in electrical characteristics to LVDS, but have a smaller voltage swing and therefore provide increased power benefits and reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI). Cyclone II devices support the RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards at data rates up to 311 Mbps at the transmitter. A subset of pins in each I/O bank (on both rows and columns) support the high-speed I/O interface. The dual-purpose LVDS pins require an external-resistor network at the transmitter channels in addition to 100-Ω termination resistors on receiver channels. These pins do not contain dedicated serialization or deserialization circuitry. Therefore, internal logic performs serialization and deserialization functions. Cyclone II pin tables list the pins that support the high-speed I/O interface. The number of LVDS channels supported in each device family member is listed in Table 2–18. Table 2–18. Cyclone II Device LVDS Channels (Part 1 of 2) Device EP2C5 Pin Count 144 208 256 Number of LVDS Channels (1) 31 (35) 56 (60) 61 (65) 29 (33) 53 (57) 75 (79) 52 (60) 128 (136) 45 (53) 52 (60) 128 (136) 131 (139) 201 (209) 119 (127) 189 (197) EP2C8 144 208 256 EP2C15 256 484 EP2C20 240 256 484 EP2C35 484 672 EP2C50 484 672 2–54 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–18. Cyclone II Device LVDS Channels (Part 2 of 2) Device EP2C70 Pin Count 672 896 Number of LVDS Channels (1) 160 (168) 257 (265) Note to Table 2–18: (1) The first number represents the number of bidirectional I/O pins which can be used as inputs or outputs. The number in parenthesis includes dedicated clock input pin pairs which can only be used as inputs. You can use I/O pins and internal logic to implement a high-speed I/O receiver and transmitter in Cyclone II devices. Cyclone II devices do not contain dedicated serialization or deserialization circuitry. Therefore, shift registers, internal PLLs, and IOEs are used to perform serial-to-parallel conversions on incoming data and parallel-to-serial conversion on outgoing data. The maximum internal clock frequency for a receiver and for a transmitter is 402.5 MHz. The maximum input data rate of 805 Mbps and the maximum output data rate of 640 Mbps is only achieved when DDIO registers are used. The LVDS standard does not require an input reference voltage, but it does require a 100-Ω termination resistor between the two signals at the input buffer. An external resistor network is required on the transmitter side. f For more information on Cyclone II differential I/O interfaces, see the High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Series On-Chip Termination On-chip termination helps to prevent reflections and maintain signal integrity. This also minimizes the need for external resistors in high pin count ball grid array (BGA) packages. Cyclone II devices provide I/O driver on-chip impedance matching and on-chip series termination for single-ended outputs and bidirectional pins. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–55 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Cyclone II devices support driver impedance matching to the impedance of the transmission line, typically 25 or 50 Ω When used with the output . drivers, on-chip termination sets the output driver impedance to 25 or 50 Ω Cyclone II devices also support I/O driver series termination . (RS = 50 Ω) for SSTL-2 and SSTL-18. Table 2–19 lists the I/O standards that support impedance matching and series termination. Table 2–19. I/O Standards Supporting Series Termination I/O Standards 3.3-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 2.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL and LVCMOS SSTL-2 class I SSTL-18 class I Notes to Table 2–19: (1) (2) Note (1) VCCIO (V) 3.3 2.5 1.8 2.5 1.8 Target RS (Ω) 25 (2) 50 (2) 50 (2) 50 (2) 50 (2) Supported conditions are VCCIO = VCCIO ±50 mV. These RS values are nominal values. Actual impedance varies across process, voltage, and temperature conditions. 1 The recommended frequency range of operation is pending silicon characterization. On-chip series termination can be supported on any I/O bank. VCCIO and VREF must be compatible for all I/O pins in order to enable on-chip series termination in a given I/O bank. I/O standards that support different RS values can reside in the same I/O bank as long as their VCCIO and VREF are not conflicting. 1 When using on-chip series termination, programmable drive strength is not available. Impedance matching is implemented using the capabilities of the output driver and is subject to a certain degree of variation, depending on the process, voltage and temperature. The actual tolerance is pending silicon characterization. 2–56 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture I/O Banks The I/O pins on Cyclone II devices are grouped together into I/O banks and each bank has a separate power bus. EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices have four I/O banks (see Figure 2–28), while EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices have eight I/O banks (see Figure 2–29). Each device I/O pin is associated with one I/O bank. To accommodate voltage-referenced I/O standards, each Cyclone II I/O bank has a VREF bus. Each bank in EP2C5, EP2C8, EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, and EP2C50 devices supports two VREF pins and each bank of EP2C70 supports four VREF pins. When using the VREF pins, each VREF pin must be properly connected to the appropriate voltage level. In the event these pins are not used as VREF pins, they may be used as regular I/O pins. The top and bottom I/O banks (banks 2 and 4 in EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices and banks 3, 4, 7, and 8 in EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices) support all I/O standards listed in Table 2–17, except the PCI/PCI-X I/O standards. The left and right side I/O banks (banks 1 and 3 in EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices and banks 1, 2, 5, and 6 in EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices) support I/O standards listed in Table 2–17, except SSTL-18 class II, HSTL-18 class II, and HSTL-15 class II I/O standards. See Table 2–17 for a complete list of supported I/O standards. The top and bottom I/O banks (banks 2 and 4 in EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices and banks 3, 4, 7, and 8 in EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices) support DDR2 memory up to 167 MHz/333 Mbps and QDR memory up to 167 MHz/668 Mbps. The left and right side I/O banks (1 and 3 of EP2C5 and EP2C8 devices and 1, 2, 5, and 6 of EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70 devices) only support SDR and DDR SDRAM interfaces. All the I/O banks of the Cyclone II devices support SDR memory up to 167 MHz/167 Mbps and DDR memory up to 167 MHz/333 Mbps. 1 DDR2 and QDRII interfaces may be implemented in Cyclone II side banks if the use of class I I/O standard is acceptable. Altera Corporation February 2007 2–57 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features Figure 2–28. EP2C5 & EP2C8 I/O Banks Notes (1), (2) I/O Bank 2 Also Supports the SSTL-18 Class II, HSTL-18 Class II, & HSTL-15 Class II I/O Standards I/O Bank 2 I/O Bank 1 Also Supports the 3.3-V PCI & PCI-X I/O Standards I/O Bank 1 All I/O Banks Support ■ 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 1.5-V LVCMOS ■ LVDS ■ RSDS ■ mini-LVDS ■ LVPECL (3) ■ SSTL-2 Class I and II ■ SSTL-18 Class I ■ HSTL-18 Class I ■ HSTL-15 Class I ■ Differential SSTL-2 (4) ■ Differential SSTL-18 (4) ■ Differential HSTL-18 (5) ■ Differential HSTL-15 (5) Individual Power Bus I/O Bank 3 Also Supports the 3.3-V PCI & PCI-X I/O Standards I/O Bank 3 I/O Bank 4 I/O Bank 4 Also Supports the SSTL-18 Class II, HSTL-18 Class II, & HSTL-15 Class II I/O Standards Notes to Figure 2–28: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) This is a top view of the silicon die. This is a graphic representation only. Refer to the pin list and the Quartus II software for exact pin locations. The LVPECL I/O standard is only supported on clock input pins. This I/O standard is not supported on output pins. The differential SSTL-18 and SSTL-2 I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The differential 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. 2–58 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Figure 2–29. EP2C15, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50 & EP2C70 I/O Banks I/O Banks 3 & 4 Also Support the SSTL-18 Class II, HSTL-18 Class II, & HSTL-15 Class II I/O Standards I/O Bank 3 I/O Bank 4 Notes (1), (2) Individual Power Bus I/O Bank 2 All I/O Banks Support ■ 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS ■ 1.5-V LVCMOS ■ LVDS ■ RSDS ■ mini-LVDS ■ LVPECL (3) ■ SSTL-2 Class I and II ■ SSTL-18 Class I ■ HSTL-18 Class I ■ HSTL-15 Class I ■ Differential SSTL-2 (4) ■ Differential SSTL-18 (4) ■ Differential HSTL-18 (5) ■ Differential HSTL-15 (5) I/O Bank 5 I/O Banks 1 & 2 Also Support the 3.3-V PCI & PCI-X I/O Standards I/O Banks 5 & 6 Also Support the 3.3-V PCI & PCI-X I/O Standards I/O Bank 1 I/O Bank 6 Regular I/O Block Bank 8 Regular I/O Block Bank 7 I/O Banks 7 & 8 Also Support the SSTL-18 Class II, HSTL-18 Class II, & HSTL-15 Class II I/O Standards Notes to Figure 2–29: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) This is a top view of the silicon die. This is a graphic representation only. Refer to the pin list and the Quartus II software for exact pin locations. The LVPECL I/O standard is only supported on clock input pins. This I/O standard is not supported on output pins. The differential SSTL-18 and SSTL-2 I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The differential 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. Each I/O bank has its own VCCIO pins. A single device can support 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V interfaces; each individual bank can support a different standard with different I/O voltages. Each bank also has dual-purpose VREF pins to support any one of the voltage-referenced Altera Corporation February 2007 2–59 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 I/O Structure & Features standards (e.g., SSTL-2) independently. If an I/O bank does not use voltage-referenced standards, the VREF pins are available as user I/O pins. Each I/O bank can support multiple standards with the same VCCIO for input and output pins. For example, when VCCIO is 3.3-V, a bank can support LVTTL, LVCMOS, and 3.3-V PCI for inputs and outputs. Voltage-referenced standards can be supported in an I/O bank using any number of single-ended or differential standards as long as they use the same VREF and a compatible VCCIO value. MultiVolt I/O Interface The Cyclone II architecture supports the MultiVolt I/O interface feature, which allows Cyclone II devices in all packages to interface with systems of different supply voltages. Cyclone II devices have one set of VCC pins (VCCINT) that power the internal device logic array and input buffers that use the LVPECL, LVDS, HSTL, or SSTL I/O standards. Cyclone II devices also have four or eight sets of VCC pins (VCCIO) that power the I/O output drivers and input buffers that use the LVTTL, LVCMOS, or PCI I/O standards. The Cyclone II VCCINT pins must always be connected to a 1.2-V power supply. If the VCCINT level is 1.2 V, then input pins are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V tolerant. The VCCIO pins can be connected to either a 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V power supply, depending on the output requirements. The output levels are compatible with systems of the same voltage as the power supply (i.e., when VCCIO pins are connected to a 1.5-V power supply, the output levels are compatible with 1.5-V systems). When VCCIO pins are connected to a 3.3-V power supply, the output high is 3.3-V and is compatible with 3.3-V systems. Table 2–20 summarizes Cyclone II MultiVolt I/O support. Table 2–20. Cyclone II MultiVolt I/O Support (Part 1 of 2) Input Signal VCCIO (V) 1.5 1.8 2.5 Note (1) Output Signal 1.5 V v v (4) 1.8 V v v 2.5 V v (2) v (2) v 3.3 V v (2) v (2) v 1.5 V v v (3) v (5) 1.8 V v v (5) 2.5 V 3.3 V v 2–60 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Cyclone II Architecture Table 2–20. Cyclone II MultiVolt I/O Support (Part 2 of 2) Input Signal VCCIO (V) 3.3 Notes to Table 2–20: (1) (2) Note (1) Output Signal 1.5 V 1.8 V 2.5 V v (4) 3.3 V v 1.5 V v (6) 1.8 V v (6) 2.5 V v (6) 3.3 V v (3) (4) The PCI clamping diode must be disabled to drive an input with voltages higher than VCCIO. These input values overdrive the input buffer, so the pin leakage current is slightly higher than the default value. To drive inputs higher than VCCIO but less than 4.0 V, disable the PCI clamping diode and turn on Allow voltage overdrive for LVTTL/LVCMOS input pins option in Device setting option in the Quartus II software. When VCCIO = 1.8-V, a Cyclone II device can drive a 1.5-V device with 1.8-V tolerant inputs. When VCCIO = 3.3-V and a 2.5-V input signal feeds an input pin or when VC C I O = 1.8-V and a 1.5-V input signal feeds an input pin, the VCCIO supply current will be slightly larger than expected. The reason for this increase is that the input signal level does not drive to the VCCIO rail, which causes the input buffer to not completely shut off. When VCCIO = 2.5-V, a Cyclone II device can drive a 1.5-V or 1.8-V device with 2.5-V tolerant inputs. When VCCIO = 3.3-V, a Cyclone II device can drive a 1.5-V, 1.8-V, or 2.5-V device with 3.3-V tolerant inputs. (5) (6) Altera Corporation February 2007 2–61 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History Document Revision History Table 2–21 shows the revision history for this document. Table 2–21. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2007 v3.1 ● ● ● ● ● ● Changes Made Added document revision history. Removed Table 2-1. Updated Figure 2–25. Added new Note (1) to Table 2–17. Added handpara note in “I/O Banks” section. Updated Note (2) to Table 2–20. Updated Table 2–7. Updated Figures 2–11 and 2–12. Updated Programmable Drive Strength table. Updated Table 2–16. Updated Table 2–18. Updated Table 2–19. Updated technical content throughout. Updated Table 2–16. ● ● Summary of Changes Removed Drive Strength Control from Figure 2–25. Elaboration of DDR2 and QDRII interfaces supported by I/O bank included. November 2005 v2.1 ● ● ● ● ● ● July 2005 v2.0 February 2005 v1.2 ● ● Updated figure 2-12. November 2004 Updated Table 2–19. v1.1 June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 2–62 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 3. Configuration & Testing CII51003-2.2 IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support All Cyclone® II devices provide JTAG BST circuitry that complies with the IEEE Std. 1149.1. JTAG boundary-scan testing can be performed either before or after, but not during configuration. Cyclone II devices can also use the JTAG port for configuration with the Quartus® II software or hardware using either Jam Files (.jam) or Jam Byte-Code Files (.jbc). Cyclone II devices support IOE I/O standard reconfiguration through the JTAG BST chain. The JTAG chain can update the I/O standard for all input and output pins any time before or during user mode through the CONFIG_IO instruction. You can use this capability for JTAG testing before configuration when some of the Cyclone II pins drive or receive from other devices on the board using voltage-referenced standards. Since the Cyclone II device might not be configured before JTAG testing, the I/O pins may not be configured for appropriate electrical standards for chip-to-chip communication. Programming the I/O standards via JTAG allows you to fully test I/O connections to other devices. f For information on I/O reconfiguration, refer to the MorphIO: An I/O Reconfiguration Solution for Altera Devices White Paper. A device operating in JTAG mode uses four required pins: TDI, TDO, TMS, and TCK. The TCK pin has an internal weak pull-down resister, while the TDI and TMS pins have weak internal pull-up resistors. The TDO output pin and all JTAG input pin voltage is determined by the VCCIO of the bank where it resides. The bank VCCIO selects whether the JTAG inputs are 1.5-, 1.8-, 2.5-, or 3.3-V compatible. 1 Stratix® II, Stratix, Cyclone II and Cyclone devices must be within the first 8 devices in a JTAG chain. All of these devices have the same JTAG controller. If any of the Stratix II, Stratix, Cyclone II or Cyclone devices are in the 9th of further position, they fail configuration. This does not affect Signal Tap II. Altera Corporation February 2007 3–1 IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support Cyclone II devices also use the JTAG port to monitor the logic operation of the device with the SignalTap® II embedded logic analyzer. Cyclone II devices support the JTAG instructions shown in Table 3–1. Table 3–1. Cyclone II JTAG Instructions (Part 1 of 2) JTAG Instruction SAMPLE/PRELOAD Instruction Code 00 0000 0101 Description Allows a snapshot of signals at the device pins to be captured and examined during normal device operation, and permits an initial data pattern to be output at the device pins. Also used by the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer. Allows the external circuitry and board-level interconnects to be tested by forcing a test pattern at the output pins and capturing test results at the input pins. Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation. Selects the 32-bit USERCODE register and places it between the TDI and TDO pins, allowing the USERCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO. Selects the IDCODE register and places it between TDI and TDO, allowing the IDCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO. Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation, while tri-stating all of the I/O pins. Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the BST data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation while holding I/O pins to a state defined by the data in the boundary-scan register. Used when configuring a Cyclone II device via the JTAG port with a USB Blaster™, ByteBlaster™ II, MasterBlaster™ or ByteBlasterMV™ download cable, or when using a Jam File or JBC File via an embedded processor. EXTEST (1) 00 0000 1111 BYPASS 11 1111 1111 USERCODE 00 0000 0111 IDCODE HIGHZ (1) 00 0000 0110 00 0000 1011 CLAMP (1) 00 0000 1010 ICR instructions PULSE_NCONFIG 00 0000 0001 Emulates pulsing the nCONFIG pin low to trigger reconfiguration even though the physical pin is unaffected. 3–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Configuration & Testing Table 3–1. Cyclone II JTAG Instructions (Part 2 of 2) JTAG Instruction CONFIG_IO Instruction Code 00 0000 1101 Description Allows configuration of I/O standards through the JTAG chain for JTAG testing. Can be executed before, after, or during configuration. Stops configuration if executed during configuration. Once issued, the CONFIG_IO instruction holds nSTATUS low to reset the configuration device. nSTATUS is held low until the device is reconfigured. Monitors internal device operation with the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer. SignalTap II instructions Note to Table 3–1: (1) Bus hold and weak pull-up resistor features override the high-impedance state of HIGHZ, CLAMP, and EXTEST. The Quartus II software has an Auto Usercode feature where you can choose to use the checksum value of a programming file as the JTAG user code. If selected, the checksum is automatically loaded to the USERCODE register. In the Settings dialog box in the Assignments menu, click Device & Pin Options, then General, and then turn on the Auto Usercode option. Altera Corporation February 2007 3–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support The Cyclone II device instruction register length is 10 bits and the USERCODE register length is 32 bits. Tables 3–2 and 3–3 show the boundary-scan register length and device IDCODE information for Cyclone II devices. Table 3–2. Cyclone II Boundary-Scan Register Length Device EP2C5 EP2C8 EP2C15 EP2C20 EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 Boundary-Scan Register Length 498 597 969 969 1,449 1,374 1,890 Table 3–3. 32-Bit Cyclone II Device IDCODE IDCODE (32 Bits) (1) Device Version (4 Bits) EP2C5 EP2C8 EP2C15 EP2C20 EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 (1) (2) Part Number (16 Bits) 0010 0000 1011 0001 0010 0000 1011 0010 0010 0000 1011 0011 0010 0000 1011 0011 0010 0000 1011 0100 0010 0000 1011 0101 0010 0000 1011 0110 Manufacturer Identity (11 Bits) 000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110 LSB (1 Bit) (2) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 Notes to Table 3–3: The most significant bit (MSB) is on the left. The IDCODE’s least significant bit (LSB) is always 1. For more information on the Cyclone II JTAG specifications, refer to the DC Characteristics & Timing Specifications chapter in the Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1. 3–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Configuration & Testing SignalTap II Embedded Logic Analyzer Cyclone II devices support the SignalTap II embedded logic analyzer, which monitors design operation over a period of time through the IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) circuitry. You can analyze internal logic at speed without bringing internal signals to the I/O pins. This feature is particularly important for advanced packages, such as FineLine BGA® packages, because it can be difficult to add a connection to a pin during the debugging process after a board is designed and manufactured. For more information on the SignalTap II, see the Signal Tap chapter of the Quartus II Handbook, Volume 3. The logic, circuitry, and interconnects in the Cyclone II architecture are configured with CMOS SRAM elements. Altera FPGA devices are reconfigurable and every device is tested with a high coverage production test program so you do not have to perform fault testing and can instead focus on simulation and design verification. Cyclone II devices are configured at system power-up with data stored in an Altera configuration device or provided by a system controller. The Cyclone II device’s optimized interface allows the device to act as controller in an active serial configuration scheme with EPCS serial configuration devices. The serial configuration device can be programmed via SRunner, the ByteBlaster II or USB Blaster download cable, the Altera Programming Unit (APU), or third-party programmers. In addition to EPCS serial configuration devices, Altera offers in-system programmability (ISP)-capable configuration devices that can configure Cyclone II devices via a serial data stream using the Passive serial (PS) configuration mode. The PS interface also enables microprocessors to treat Cyclone II devices as memory and configure them by writing to a virtual memory location, simplifying reconfiguration. After a Cyclone II device has been configured, it can be reconfigured in-circuit by resetting the device and loading new configuration data. Real-time changes can be made during system operation, enabling innovative reconfigurable applications. f Configuration Operating Modes The Cyclone II architecture uses SRAM configuration elements that require configuration data to be loaded each time the circuit powers up. The process of physically loading the SRAM data into the device is called configuration. During initialization, which occurs immediately after configuration, the device resets registers, enables I/O pins, and begins to operate as a logic device. You can use the 10MHz internal oscillator or the optional CLKUSR pin during the initialization. The 10 MHz internal oscillator is disabled in user mode. Together, the configuration and initialization processes are called command mode. Normal device operation is called user mode. 3–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Configuration Schemes SRAM configuration elements allow Cyclone II devices to be reconfigured in-circuit by loading new configuration data into the device. With real-time reconfiguration, the device is forced into command mode with the nCONFIG pin. The configuration process loads different configuration data, reinitializes the device, and resumes user-mode operation. You can perform in-field upgrades by distributing new configuration files within the system or remotely. A built-in weak pull-up resistor pulls all user I/O pins to VCCIO before and during device configuration. The configuration pins support 1.5-V/1.8-V or 2.5-V/3.3-V I/O standards. The voltage level of the configuration output pins is determined by the VCCIO of the bank where the pins reside. The bank VCCIO selects whether the configuration inputs are 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V compatible. Configuration Schemes You can load the configuration data for a Cyclone II device with one of three configuration schemes (see Table 3–4), chosen on the basis of the target application. You can use a configuration device, intelligent controller, or the JTAG port to configure a Cyclone II device. A low-cost configuration device can automatically configure a Cyclone II device at system power-up. Multiple Cyclone II devices can be configured in any of the three configuration schemes by connecting the configuration enable (nCE) and configuration enable output (nCEO) pins on each device. Table 3–4. Data Sources for Configuration Configuration Scheme Active serial (AS) Low-cost serial configuration device Data Source Passive serial (PS) Enhanced or EPC2 configuration device, MasterBlaster, ByteBlasterMV, ByteBlaster II or USB Blaster download cable, or serial data source JTAG MasterBlaster, ByteBlasterMV, ByteBlaster II or USB Blaster download cable or a microprocessor with a Jam or JBC file f For more information on configuration, see the Configuring Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Handbook, Volume 2. 3–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Configuration & Testing Cyclone II Automated Single Event Upset Detection Cyclone II devices offer on-chip circuitry for automated checking of single event upset (SEU) detection. Some applications that require the device to operate error free at high elevations or in close proximity to earth’s North or South Pole require periodic checks to ensure continued data integrity. The error detection cyclic redundancy code (CRC) feature controlled by the Device & Pin Options dialog box in the Quartus II software uses a 32-bit CRC circuit to ensure data reliability and is one of the best options for mitigating SEU. You can implement the error detection CRC feature with existing circuitry in Cyclone II devices, eliminating the need for external logic. For Cyclone II devices, the CRC is pre-computed by Quartus II software and then sent to the device as part of the POF file header. The CRC_ERROR pin reports a soft error when configuration SRAM data is corrupted, indicating to the user to preform a device reconfiguration. Custom-Built Circuitry Dedicated circuitry in the Cyclone II devices performs error detection automatically. This error detection circuitry in Cyclone II devices constantly checks for errors in the configuration SRAM cells while the device is in user mode. You can monitor one external pin for the error and use it to trigger a re-configuration cycle. You can select the desired time between checks by adjusting a built-in clock divider. Software Interface In the Quartus II software version 4.1 and later, you can turn on the automated error detection CRC feature in the Device & Pin Options dialog box. This dialog box allows you to enable the feature and set the internal frequency of the CRC checker between 400 kHz to 80 MHz. This controls the rate that the CRC circuitry verifies the internal configuration SRAM bits in the FPGA device. f For more information on CRC, refer to AN: 357 Error Detection Using CRC in Altera FPGAs. Altera Corporation February 2007 3–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History Document Revision History Table 3–5 shows the revision history for this document. Table 3–5. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2007 v2.2 ● ● ● Changes Made Added document revision history. Added new handpara nore in “IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support” section. Updated “Cyclone II Automated Single Event Upset Detection” section. ● Summary of Changes Added information about limitation of cascading multi devices in the same JTAG chain. Corrected information on CRC calculation. ● July 2005 v2.0 February 2005 v1.2 Updated technical content. Updated information on JTAG chain limitations. November 2004 Updated Table 3–4. v1.1 June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 3–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 4. Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset CII51004-3.1 Introduction Cyclone® II devices offer hot socketing (also known as hot plug-in, hot insertion, or hot swap) and power sequencing support without the use of any external devices. You can insert or remove a Cyclone II board in a system during system operation without causing undesirable effects to the board or to the running system bus. The hot-socketing feature lessens the board design difficulty when using Cyclone II devices on printed circuit boards (PCBs) that also contain a mixture of 3.3-, 2.5-, 1.8-, and 1.5-V devices. With the Cyclone II hot-socketing feature, you no longer need to ensure a proper power-up sequence for each device on the board. The Cyclone II hot-socketing feature provides: ■ ■ ■ Board or device insertion and removal without external components or board manipulation Support for any power-up sequence Non-intrusive I/O buffers to system buses during hot insertion This chapter also discusses the power-on reset (POR) circuitry in Cyclone II devices. The POR circuitry keeps the devices in the reset state until the VCC is within operating range. Cyclone II Hot-Socketing Specifications Cyclone II devices offer hot-socketing capability with all three features listed above without any external components or special design requirements. The hot-socketing feature in Cyclone II devices offers the following: ■ ■ The device can be driven before power-up without any damage to the device itself. I/O pins remain tri-stated during power-up. The device does not drive out before or during power-up, thereby affecting other buses in operation. Altera Corporation February 2007 4–1 Cyclone II Hot-Socketing Specifications Devices Can Be Driven before Power-Up You can drive signals into the I/O pins, dedicated input pins, and dedicated clock pins of Cyclone II devices before or during power-up or power-down without damaging the device. Cyclone II devices support any power-up or power-down sequence (VCCIO and VCCINT) to simplify system level design. I/O Pins Remain Tri-Stated during Power-Up A device that does not support hot socketing may interrupt system operation or cause contention by driving out before or during power-up. In a hot-socketing situation, the Cyclone II device’s output buffers are turned off during system power-up or power-down. The Cyclone II device also does not drive out until the device is configured and has attained proper operating conditions. The I/O pins are tri-stated until the device enters user mode with a weak pull-up resistor (R) to 3.3V. Refer to Figure 4–1 for more information. 1 You can power up or power down the VCCIO and VCCINT pins in any sequence. The VCCIO and VCCINT must have monotonic rise to their steady state levels. (Refer to Figure 4–3 for more information.) The power supply ramp rates can range from 100 µs to 100 ms for non “A” devices. Both VCC supplies must power down within 100 ms of each other to prevent I/O pins from driving out. During hot socketing, the I/O pin capacitance is less than 15 pF and the clock pin capacitance is less than 20 pF. Cyclone II devices meet the following hot-socketing specification. The hot-socketing DC specification is | IIOPIN | < 300 µA. The hot-socketing AC specification is | IIOPIN | < 8 mA for 10 ns or less. ■ ■ This specification takes into account the pin capacitance but not board trace and external loading capacitance. You must consider additional capacitance for trace, connector, and loading separately. IIOPIN is the current at any user I/O pin on the device. The DC specification applies when all VCC supplies to the device are stable in the powered-up or powered-down conditions. For the AC specification, the peak current duration due to power-up transients is 10 ns or less. A possible concern for semiconductor devices in general regarding hot socketing is the potential for latch-up. Latch-up can occur when electrical subsystems are hot socketed into an active system. During hot socketing, the signal pins may be connected and driven by the active system before 4–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset the power supply can provide current to the device’s VCC and ground planes. This condition can lead to latch-up and cause a low-impedance path from VCC to ground within the device. As a result, the device extends a large amount of current, possibly causing electrical damage. Altera has ensured by design of the I/O buffers and hot-socketing circuitry, that Cyclone II devices are immune to latch-up during hot socketing. Hot-Socketing Feature Implementation in Cyclone II Devices The hot-socketing feature turns off the output buffer during power up (either VCCINT or VCCIO supplies) or power down. The hot-socket circuit generates an internal HOTSCKT signal when either VCCINT or VCCIO is below the threshold voltage. Designs cannot use the HOTSCKT signal for other purposes. The HOTSCKT signal cuts off the output buffer to ensure that no DC current (except for weak pull-up leakage current) leaks through the pin. When VCC ramps up slowly, VCC is still relatively low even after the internal POR signal (not available to the FPGA fabric used by customer designs) is released and the configuration is finished. The CONF_DONE, nCEO, and nSTATUS pins fail to respond, as the output buffer cannot drive out because the hot-socketing circuitry keeps the I/O pins tristated at this low VCC voltage. Therefore, the hot-socketing circuit has been removed on these configuration output or bidirectional pins to ensure that they are able to operate during configuration. These pins are expected to drive out during power-up and power-down sequences. Each I/O pin has the circuitry shown in Figure 4–1. Altera Corporation February 2007 4–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Hot-Socketing Feature Implementation in Cyclone II Devices Figure 4–1. Hot-Socketing Circuit Block Diagram for Cyclone II Devices Power-On Reset Monitor Output Weak Pull-Up Resistor PAD R Output Enable Voltage Tolerance Control Hot Socket Output Pre-Driver Input Buffer to Logic Array The POR circuit monitors VCCINT voltage level and keeps I/O pins tri-stated until the device is in user mode. The weak pull-up resistor (R) from the I/O pin to VCCIO keeps the I/O pins from floating. The voltage tolerance control circuit permits the I/O pins to be driven by 3.3 V before VCCIO and/or VCCINT are powered, and it prevents the I/O pins from driving out when the device is not in user mode. f For more information, see the DC Characteristics & Timing Specifications chapter in Volume 1 of the Cyclone II Device Handbook for the value of the internal weak pull-up resistors. Figure 4–2 shows a transistor level cross section of the Cyclone II device I/O buffers. This design ensures that the output buffers do not drive when VCCIO is powered before VCCINT or if the I/O pad voltage is higher than VCCIO. This also applies for sudden voltage spikes during hot socketing. The VPAD leakage current charges the voltage tolerance control circuit capacitance. 4–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset Figure 4–2. Transistor Level Diagram of FPGA Device I/O Buffers Logic Array Signal VPAD (1) VCCIO (2) n+ p-well n+ p+ p+ n-well n+ p-substrate Notes to Figure 4–2: (1) (2) This is the logic array signal or the larger of either the VCCIO or VPAD signal. This is the larger of either the VCCIO or VPAD signal. Power-On Reset Circuitry Cyclone II devices contain POR circuitry to keep the device in a reset state until the power supply voltage levels have stabilized during power-up. The POR circuit monitors the VCCINT voltage levels and tri-states all user I/O pins until the VCC reaches the recommended operating levels. In addition, the POR circuitry also monitors the VCCIO level of the two I/O banks that contains configuration pins (I/O banks 1 and 3 for EP2C5 and EP2C8, I/O banks 2 and 6 for EP2C15A, EP2C20, EP2C35, EP2C50, and EP2C70) and tri-states all user I/O pins until the VCC reaches the recommended operating levels. After the Cyclone II device enters user mode, the POR circuit continues to monitor the VCCINT voltage level so that a brown-out condition during user mode can be detected. If the VCCINT voltage sags below the POR trip point during user mode, the POR circuit resets the device. If the VCCIO voltage sags during user mode, the POR circuit does not reset the device. "Wake-up" Time for Cyclone II Devices In some applications, it may be necessary for a device to wake up very quickly in order to begin operation. The Cyclone II device family offers the Fast-On feature to support fast wake-up time applications. Devices that support the Fast-On feature are designated with an “A” in the ordering code and have stricter power up requirements compared to nonA devices. Altera Corporation February 2007 4–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Power-On Reset Circuitry For Cyclone II devices, wake-up time consists of power-up, POR, configuration, and initialization. The device must properly go through all four stages to configure correctly and begin operation. You can calculate wake-up time using the following equation: Wake-Up Time = VCC Ramp Time + POR Time + Configuration Time + Initialization Time Figure 4–3 illustrates the components of wake up time. Figure 4–3. Cyclone II Wake-Up Time Voltage VCC Minimum Time VCC Ramp Time POR Time Configuration Time Initialization Time User Mode Note to Figure 4–3: (1) VCC ramp must be monotonic. The VCC ramp time and POR time will depend on the device characteristics and the power supply used in your system. The fast-on devices require a maximum VCC ramp time of 2 ms and have a maximum POR time of 12 ms. Configuration time will depend on the configuration mode chosen and the configuration file size. You can calculate configuration time by multiplying the number of bits in the configuration file with the period of the configuration clock. For fast configuration times, you should use Passive Serial (PS) configuration mode with maximum DCLK frequency of 100 MHz. In addition, you can use compression to reduce the configuration file size and speed up the configuration time. The tCD2UM or tCD2UMC parameters will determine the initialization time. 1 For more information on the tCD2UM or tCD2UMC parameters, refer to the Configuring Cyclone II Devices chapter in the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 4–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset If you cannot meet the maximum VCC ramp time requirement, you must use an external component to hold nCONFIG low until the power supplies have reached their minimum recommend operating levels. Otherwise, the device may not properly configure and enter user mode. Conclusion Cyclone II devices are hot socketable and support all power-up and power-down sequences with the one requirement that VCCIO and VCCINT be powered up and down within 100 ms of each other to keep the I/O pins from driving out. Cyclone II devices do not require any external devices for hot socketing and power sequencing. Document Revision History Table 4–1 shows the revision history for this document. Table 4–1. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2007 v3.1 ● ● ● ● Changes Made Added document revision history. Updated “I/O Pins Remain Tri-Stated during Power-Up” section. Updated “Power-On Reset Circuitry” section. Added footnote to Figure 4–3. ● Summary of Changes Specified VCCIO and VCCINT supplies must be GND when "not powered". Added clarification about input-tristate behavior. Added infomation on VCC monotonic ramp. ● ● July 2005 v2.0 February 2005 v1.1 June 2004 v1.0 Updated technical content throughout. Removed ESD section. Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Altera Corporation February 2007 4–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History 4–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007 5. DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications CII51005-4.0 Operating Conditions Cyclone® II devices are offered in commercial, industrial, automotive, and extended temperature grades. Commercial devices are offered in –6 (fastest), –7, and –8 speed grades. All parameter limits are representative of worst-case supply voltage and junction temperature conditions. Unless otherwise noted, the parameter values in this chapter apply to all Cyclone II devices. AC and DC characteristics are specified using the same numbers for commercial, industrial, and automotive grades. All parameters representing voltages are measured with respect to ground. Tables 5–1 through 5–4 provide information on absolute maximum ratings. Table 5–1. Cyclone II Device Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol VCCINT VCCIO Notes (1), (2) Minimum Maximum –0.5 –0.5 –0.5 1.8 4.6 1.8 4.6 40 150 125 Parameter Supply voltage Output supply voltage Conditions With respect to ground Unit V V V V mA °C °C VCCA_PLL [1..4] PLL supply voltage VIN IOUT TSTG TJ (1) DC input voltage (3) DC output current, per pin Storage temperature Junction temperature No bias — — –0.5 –25 –65 — BGA packages under bias Notes to Table 5–1: Conditions beyond those listed in this table cause permanent damage to a device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation at these levels or any other conditions beyond those specified in this chapter is not implied. Additionally, device operation at the absolute maximum ratings for extended periods of time may have adverse effect on the device reliability. Refer to the Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet for more information. During transitions, the inputs may overshoot to the voltage shown in Table 5–4 based upon the input duty cycle. The DC case is equivalent to 100% duty cycle. During transition, the inputs may undershoot to –2.0 V for input currents less than 100 mA and periods shorter than 20 ns. (2) (3) Altera Corporation February 2008 5–1 Operating Conditions Table 5–2 specifies the recommended operating conditions for Cyclone II devices. It shows the allowed voltage ranges for VCCINT, VCCIO, and the operating junction temperature (TJ). The LVTTL and LVCMOS inputs are powered by VCCIO only. The LVDS and LVPECL input buffers on dedicated clock pins are powered by VCCINT. The SSTL, HSTL, LVDS input buffers are powered by both VCCINT and VCCIO. Table 5–2. Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol VCCINT VCCIO (2) Parameter Supply voltage for internal logic and input buffers Supply voltage for output buffers, 3.3-V operation Supply voltage for output buffers, 2.5-V operation Supply voltage for output buffers, 1.8-V operation Supply voltage for output buffers, 1.5-V operation Conditions (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) For commercial use For industrial use For extended temperature use For automotive use Minimum 1.15 3.135 (3.00) 2.375 1.71 1.425 0 –40 –40 –40 Maximum 1.25 3.465 (3.60) (3) 2.625 1.89 1.575 85 100 125 125 Unit V V V V V °C °C °C °C TJ Operating junction temperature Notes to Table 5–2: (1) (2) The VCC must rise monotonically. The maximum VCC (both VCCIO and VCCINT) rise time is 100 ms for non-A devices and 2 ms for A devices. The VCCIO range given here spans the lowest and highest operating voltages of all supported I/O standards. The recommended VCCIO range specific to each of the single-ended I/O standards is given in Table 5–6, and those specific to the differential standards is given in Table 5–8. The minimum and maximum values of 3.0 V and 3.6 V, respectively, for VCCIO only applies to the PCI and PCI-X I/O standards. Refer to Table 5–6 for the voltage range of other I/O standards. (3) 5–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–3. DC Characteristics for User I/O, Dual-Purpose, and Dedicated Pins (Part 1 of 2) Symbol VIN Ii VOUT IOZ IC C I N T 0 Parameter Input voltage Input pin leakage current Output voltage Tri-stated I/O pin leakage current VCCINT supply current (standby) Conditions (1), (2) VIN = VCCIOmax to 0 V (3) — VOUT = VCCIOmax to 0 V (3) VIN = ground, no load, no toggling inputs TJ = 25° C Nominal VC C I N T EP2C5/A EP2C8/A EP2C15A EP2C20/A EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 Minimum Typical Maximum Unit –0.5 –10 0 –10 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.010 0.017 0.037 0.037 0.066 0.101 0.141 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.7 4.0 10 VC C I O 10 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) V μA V μA A A A A A A A mA mA mA mA mA mA mA IC C I O 0 VCCIO supply current VIN = ground, (standby) no load, no toggling inputs TJ = 25° C VC C I O = 2.5 V EP2C5/A EP2C8/A EP2C15A EP2C20/A EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 Altera Corporation February 2008 5–3 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Operating Conditions Table 5–3. DC Characteristics for User I/O, Dual-Purpose, and Dedicated Pins (Part 2 of 2) Symbol RCONF (5) (6) Parameter Value of I/O pin pull-up resistor before and during configuration Conditions VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 3.3 V VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 2.5 V VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 1.8 V VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 1.5 V VIN = 0 V; VCCIO = 1.2 V Minimum Typical Maximum Unit 10 15 30 40 50 — 25 35 50 75 90 1 50 70 100 150 170 2 kΩ kΩ kΩ kΩ kΩ kΩ Recommended value of I/O pin external pull-down resistor before and during configuration Notes to Table 5–3: (1) (2) (7) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) All pins, including dedicated inputs, clock, I/O, and JTAG pins, may be driven before VCCINT and VCCIO are powered. The minimum DC input is –0.5 V. During transitions, the inputs may undershoot to –2.0 V or overshoot to the voltages shown in Table 5–4, based on input duty cycle for input currents less than 100 mA. The overshoot is dependent upon duty cycle of the signal. The DC case is equivalent to 100% duty cycle. This value is specified for normal device operation. The value may vary during power-up. This applies for all VCCIO settings (3.3, 2.5, 1.8, and 1.5 V). Maximum values depend on the actual TJ and design utilization. See the Excel-based PowerPlay Early Power Estimator (www.altera.com) or the Quartus II PowerPlay Power Analyzer feature for maximum values. Refer to “Power Consumption” on page 5–13 for more information. RCONF values are based on characterization. RCONF = VCCIO/IRCONF. RCONF values may be different if VIN value is not 0 V. Pin pull-up resistance values will be lower if an external source drives the pin higher than VCCIO. Minimum condition at –40°C and high VCC, typical condition at 25°C and nominal VCC and maximum condition at 125°C and low VCC for RCONF values. These values apply to all VCCIO settings. Table 5–4 shows the maximum VIN overshoot voltage and the dependency on the duty cycle of the input signal. Refer to Table 5–3 for more information. Table 5–4. VIN Overshoot Voltage for All Input Buffers Maximum VIN (V) 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Input Signal Duty Cycle 100% (DC) 90% 50% 30% 17% 10% 5–4 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Single-Ended I/O Standards Tables 5–6 and 5–7 provide operating condition information when using single-ended I/O standards with Cyclone II devices. Table 5–5 provides descriptions for the voltage and current symbols used in Tables 5–6 and 5–7. Table 5–5. Voltage and Current Symbol Definitions Symbol VC C I O VR E F VI L VI H VO L VO H IO L IO H VT T Definition Supply voltage for single-ended inputs and for output drivers Reference voltage for setting the input switching threshold Input voltage that indicates a low logic level Input voltage that indicates a high logic level Output voltage that indicates a low logic level Output voltage that indicates a high logic level Output current condition under which VO L is tested Output current condition under which VO H is tested Voltage applied to a resistor termination as specified by HSTL and SSTL standards Table 5–6. Recommended Operating Conditions for User I/O Pins Using Single-Ended I/O Standards Note (1) (Part 1 of 2) I/O Standard Min 3.3-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 2.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1.5-V LVCMOS PCI and PCI-X SSTL-2 class I SSTL-2 class II SSTL-18 class I 3.135 2.375 1.710 1.425 3.000 2.375 2.375 1.7 VCCIO (V) Typ 3.3 2.5 1.8 1.5 3.3 2.5 2.5 1.8 VREF (V) Max 3.465 2.625 1.890 1.575 3.600 2.625 2.625 1.9 VIL (V) Max — — — — — 1.31 1.31 0.969 VIH (V) Min 1.7 1.7 0.65 × VC C I O 0.65 × VC C I O 0.5 × VC C I O VR E F + 0.18 (DC) VR E F + 0.35 (AC) VR E F + 0.18 (DC) VR E F + 0.35 (AC) Min — — — — — 1.19 1.19 0.833 Typ — — — — — 1.25 1.25 0.9 Max 0.8 0.7 0.35 × VC C I O 0.35 × VC C I O 0.3 × VC C I O VR E F – 0.18 (DC) VR E F – 0.35 (AC) VR E F – 0.18 (DC) VR E F – 0.35 (AC) VR E F – 0.125 (DC) VR E F + 0.125 (DC) VR E F – 0.25 (AC) VR E F + 0.25 (AC) Altera Corporation February 2008 5–5 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Operating Conditions Table 5–6. Recommended Operating Conditions for User I/O Pins Using Single-Ended I/O Standards Note (1) (Part 2 of 2) I/O Standard Min SSTL-18 class II 1.8-V HSTL class I 1.8-V HSTL class II 1.5-V HSTL class I 1.5-V HSTL class II Note to Table 5–6: (1) Nominal values (Nom) are for TA = 25° C, VCCINT = 1.2 V, and VCCIO = 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, and 3.3 V. VCCIO (V) Typ 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 VREF (V) Max 1.9 1.89 1.89 1.575 1.575 VIL (V) Max 0.969 0.95 0.95 0.79 0.79 VIH (V) Min Min 0.833 0.85 0.85 0.71 0.71 Typ 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.75 0.75 Max 1.7 1.71 1.71 1.425 1.425 VR E F – 0.125 (DC) VR E F + 0.125 (DC) VR E F – 0.25 (AC) VR E F + 0.25 (AC) VR E F – 0.1 (DC) VR E F – 0.2 (AC) VR E F – 0.1 (DC) VR E F – 0.2 (AC) VR E F – 0.1 (DC) VR E F – 0.2 (AC) VR E F – 0.1 (DC) VR E F – 0.2 (AC) VR E F + 0.1 (DC) VR E F + 0.2 (AC) VR E F + 0.1 (DC) VR E F + 0.2 (AC) VR E F + 0.1 (DC) VR E F + 0.2 (AC) VR E F + 0.1 (DC) VR E F + 0.2 (AC) Table 5–7. DC Characteristics of User I/O Pins Using Single-Ended Standards Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Test Conditions I/O Standard IOL (mA) 3.3-V LVTTL 3.3-V LVCMOS 2.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL and LVCMOS 1.5-V LVTTL and LVCMOS PCI and PCI-X SSTL-2 class I SSTL-2 class II SSTL-18 class I SSTL-18 class II 1.8-V HSTL class I 1.8-V HSTL class II 4 0.1 1 2 2 1.5 8.1 16.4 6.7 13.4 8 16 Voltage Thresholds Maximum VOL (V) 0.45 0.2 0.4 0.45 0.25 × VC C I O 0.1 × VC C I O VTT – 0.57 VTT – 0.76 VTT – 0.475 0.28 0.4 0.4 IOH (mA) –4 –0.1 –1 –2 –2 –0.5 –8.1 –16.4 –6.7 –13.4 –8 –16 Minimum VOH (V) 2.4 VC C I O – 0.2 2.0 VC C I O – 0.45 0.75 × VC C I O 0.9 × VC C I O VTT + 0.57 VTT + 0.76 VTT + 0.475 VC C I O – 0.28 VC C I O – 0.4 VC C I O – 0.4 5–6 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–7. DC Characteristics of User I/O Pins Using Single-Ended Standards Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Test Conditions I/O Standard IOL (mA) 1.5-V HSTL class I 1.5V HSTL class II Notes to Table 5–7: (1) (2) The values in this table are based on the conditions listed in Tables 5–2 and 5–6. This specification is supported across all the programmable drive settings available as shown in the Cyclone II Architecture chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Voltage Thresholds Maximum VOL (V) 0.4 0.4 IOH (mA) –8 –16 Minimum VOH (V) VC C I O – 0.4 VC C I O – 0.4 8 16 Differential I/O Standards The RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards are only supported on output pins. The LVDS I/O standard is supported on both receiver input pins and transmitter output pins. 1 For more information on how these differential I/O standards are implemented, refer to the High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Figure 5–1 shows the receiver input waveforms for all differential I/O standards (LVDS, LVPECL, differential 1.5-V HSTL class I and II, differential 1.8-V HSTL class I and II, differential SSTL-2 class I and II, and differential SSTL-18 class I and II). Altera Corporation February 2008 5–7 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Operating Conditions Figure 5–1. Receiver Input Waveforms for Differential I/O Standards Single-Ended Waveform Positive Channel (p) = VIH VID (1) VICM (2) Negative Channel (n) = VIL Ground Differential Waveform (Mathematical Function of Positive and Negative Channel) VID (1) 0V VID (1) p − n (3) Notes to Figure 5–1: (1) (2) (3) VID is the differential input voltage. VID = |p – n|. VICM is the input common mode voltage. VICM = (p + n)/2. The p – n waveform is a function of the positive channel (p) and the negative channel (n). 5–8 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–8 shows the recommended operating conditions for user I/O pins with differential I/O standards. Table 5–8. Recommended Operating Conditions for User I/O Pins Using Differential Signal I/O Standards I/O Standard LVDS Mini-LVDS (2) RSDS (2) LVPECL (3) (6) VCCIO (V) Min 2.375 2.375 2.375 3.135 VID (V) (1) Max Min 0.1 — — 0.1 0.2 VICM (V) Min 0.1 — — — 0.68 VIL (V) Max 2.0 — — — 0.9 VIH (V) Min — — — 2.1 Typ 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.3 1.5 Typ — — — 0.6 — Max 0.65 — — 0.95 VC C I O + 0.6 Typ — — — — — Min — — — 0 — Max — — — 2.2 Max — — — 2.88 — 2.625 2.625 2.625 3.465 1.575 Differential 1.425 1.5-V HSTL class I and II (4) Differential 1.8-V HSTL class I and II (4) Differential SSTL-2 class I and II (5) Differential SSTL-18 class I and II (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) VR E F VR E F – 0.20 + 0.20 1.71 1.8 1.89 — — — — — — — VR E F VR E F – 0.20 + 0.20 — 2.375 2.5 2.625 0.36 — VC C I O 0.5 × 0.5 × + 0.6 VC C I O VC C I O – 0.2 VC C I O 0.5 × 0.5 × + 0.6 VC C I O VC C I O – 0.2 0.5 × VC C I O + 0.2 0.5 × VC C I O + 0.2 — VR E F VR E F – 0.35 + 0.35 — 1.7 1.8 1.9 0.25 — — VR E F VR E F – 0.25 + 0.25 — Notes to Table 5–8: Refer to the High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook for measurement conditions on VID. The RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards are only supported on output pins. The LVPECL I/O standard is only supported on clock input pins. This I/O standard is not supported on output pins. The differential 1.8-V and 1.5-V HSTL I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The differential SSTL-18 and SSTL-2 I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The LVPECL clock inputs are powered by VCCINT and support all VCCIO settings. However, it is recommended to connect VCCIO to typical value of 3.3V. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–9 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Operating Conditions Figure 5–2 shows the transmitter output waveforms for all supported differential output standards (LVDS, mini-LVDS, RSDS, differential 1.5-V HSTL class I and II, differential 1.8-V HSTL class I and II, differential SSTL-2 class I and II, and differential SSTL-18 class I and II). Figure 5–2. Transmitter Output Waveforms for Differential I/O Standards Single-Ended Waveform Positive Channel (p) = VOH VOD (1) VOCM (2) Negative Channel (n) = VOL Ground Differential Waveform (Mathematical Function of Positive and Negative Channel) VOD (1) 0V VOD (1) p − n (3) Notes to Figure 5–2: (1) (2) (3) VOD is the output differential voltage. VOD = |p – n|. VOCM is the output common mode voltage. VOCM = (p + n)/2. The p – n waveform is a function of the positive channel (p) and the negative channel (n). Table 5–9 shows the DC characteristics for user I/O pins with differential I/O standards. Table 5–9. DC Characteristics for User I/O Pins Using Differential I/O Standards Note (1) (Part 1 of 2) I/O Standard Min LVDS mini-LVDS (2) RSDS (2) Differential 1.5-V HSTL class I and II (3) 250 300 100 — VOD (mV) Typ — — — — ΔVOD (mV) Max 600 600 600 — VOCM (V) Min 1.125 1.125 1.125 — VOH (V) Max 1.375 1.375 1.375 — VOL (V) Min — — — — Min Max — — — — 50 50 — — Typ 1.25 1.25 1.25 — Min — — — VC C I O – 0.4 Max — — — — Max — — — 0.4 5–10 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–9. DC Characteristics for User I/O Pins Using Differential I/O Standards Note (1) (Part 2 of 2) I/O Standard Min Differential 1.8-V HSTL class I and II (3) Differential SSTL-2 class I (4) Differential SSTL-2 class II (4) Differential SSTL-18 class I (4) Differential SSTL-18 class II (4) — VOD (mV) Typ — ΔVOD (mV) Max — VOCM (V) Min — VOH (V) Max — VOL (V) Min — Min Max — — Typ — Min VC C I O – 0.4 VT T + 0.57 VT T + 0.76 VT T + 0.475 Max — Max 0.4 — — — — — — — — — — VT T – 0.57 VT T – 0.76 VT T – 0.475 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.5 × VC C I O – 0.125 0.5 × VC C I O – 0.125 0.5 × VC C I O 0.5 × VC C I O + 0.125 0.5 × VC C I O + 0.125 — — — — — — — 0.5 × VC C I O VC C I O – 0.28 — — 0.28 Notes to Table 5–9: (1) (2) (3) (4) The LVPECL I/O standard is only supported on clock input pins. This I/O standard is not supported on output pins. The RSDS and mini-LVDS I/O standards are only supported on output pins. The differential 1.8-V HSTL and differential 1.5-V HSTL I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. The differential SSTL-18 and SSTL-2 I/O standards are only supported on clock input pins and PLL output clock pins. DC Characteristics for Different Pin Types Table 5–10 shows the types of pins that support bus hold circuitry. Table 5–10. Bus Hold Support Pin Type I/O pins using single-ended I/O standards I/O pins using differential I/O standards Dedicated clock pins JTAG Configuration pins Bus Hold Yes No No No No Altera Corporation February 2008 5–11 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 DC Characteristics for Different Pin Types Table 5–11 specifies the bus hold parameters for general I/O pins. Table 5–11. Bus Hold Parameters Note (1) VCCIO Level Parameter Conditions 1.8 V Min Max — — 200 –200 1.07 2.5 V Min 50 –50 — — 0.7 3.3 V Min 70 –70 — — 0.8 Unit Max — — 300 –300 1.7 Max — — 500 –500 2.0 μA μA μA μA V Bus-hold low, sustaining current Bus-hold high, sustaining current Bus-hold low, overdrive current Bus-hold high, overdrive current Bus-hold trip point (2) Notes to Table 5–11: (1) (2) VI N > VI L (maximum) VI N < VI L (minimum) 0 V < VI N < V C C I O 0 V < VI N < V C C I O — 30 –30 — — 0.68 There is no specification for bus-hold at VCCIO = 1.5 V for the HSTL I/O standard. The bus-hold trip points are based on calculated input voltages from the JEDEC standard. On-Chip Termination Specifications Table 5–12 defines the specifications for internal termination resistance tolerance when using series or differential on-chip termination. Table 5–12. Series On-Chip Termination Specifications Resistance Tolerance Symbol Description Conditions Extended/ Commercial Industrial Automotive Max Max Temp Max ±30 ±30 ±30 (1) ±30 ±30 ±40 ±40 ±40 ±50 Unit % % % 25-Ω RS 50-Ω RS 50-Ω RS Internal series termination without VC C I O = 3.3V calibration (25-Ω setting) Internal series termination without VC C I O = 2.5V calibration (50-Ω setting) Internal series termination without VC C I O = 1.8V calibration (50-Ω setting) Note to Table 5–12: (1) For commercial –8 devices, the tolerance is ±40%. 5–12 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–13 shows the Cyclone II device pin capacitance for different I/O pin types. Table 5–13. Device Capacitance Note (1) Symbol CI O CL V D S CV R E F CC L K (1) Parameter Input capacitance for user I/O pin. Input capacitance for dual-purpose LVDS/user I/O pin. Input capacitance for dual-purpose VREF pin when used as VREF or user I/O pin. Input capacitance for clock pin. Typical 6 6 21 5 Unit pF pF pF pF Note to Table 5–13: Capacitance is sample-tested only. Capacitance is measured using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). Measurement accuracy is within ±0.5 pF. Power Consumption You can calculate the power usage for your design using the PowerPlay Early Power Estimator and the PowerPlay Power Analyzer feature in the Quartus® II software. The interactive PowerPlay Early Power Estimator is typically used during the early stages of FPGA design, prior to finalizing the project, to get a magnitude estimate of the device power. The Quartus II software PowerPlay Power Analyzer feature is typically used during the later stages of FPGA design. The PowerPlay Power Analyzer also allows you to apply test vectors against your design for more accurate power consumption modeling. In both cases, only use these calculations as an estimation of power, not as a specification. For more information on PowerPlay tools, refer to the PowerPlay Early Power Estimator User Guide and the Power Estimation and Analysis section in volume 3 of the Quartus II Handbook. 1 You can obtain the Excel-based PowerPlay Early Power Estimator at www.altera.com. Refer to Table 5–3 on page 5–3 for typical ICC standby specifications. The power-up current required by Cyclone II devices does not exceed the maximum static current. The rate at which the current increases is a function of the system power supply. The exact amount of current consumed varies according to the process, temperature, and power ramp rate. The duration of the ICCINT power-up requirement depends on the VCCINT voltage supply rise time. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–13 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications You should select power supplies and regulators that can supply the amount of current required when designing with Cyclone II devices. Altera recommends using the Cyclone II PowerPlay Early Power Estimator to estimate the user-mode ICCINT consumption and then select power supplies or regulators based on the values obtained. Timing Specifications The DirectDrive™ technology and MultiTrack™ interconnect ensure predictable performance, accurate simulation, and accurate timing analysis across all Cyclone II device densities and speed grades. This section describes and specifies the performance, internal, external, high-speed I/O, JTAG, and PLL timing specifications. This section shows the timing models for Cyclone II devices. Commercial devices meet this timing over the commercial temperature range. Industrial devices meet this timing over the industrial temperature range. Automotive devices meet this timing over the automotive temperature range. Extended devices meet this timing over the extended temperature range. All specifications are representative of worst-case supply voltage and junction temperature conditions. Preliminary and Final Timing Specifications Timing models can have either preliminary or final status. The Quartus II software issues an informational message during the design compilation if the timing models are preliminary. Table 5–14 shows the status of the Cyclone II device timing models. Preliminary status means the timing model is subject to change. Initially, timing numbers are created using simulation results, process data, and other known parameters. These tests are used to make the preliminary numbers as close to the actual timing parameters as possible. 5–14 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Final timing numbers are based on actual device operation and testing. These numbers reflect the actual performance of the device under worst-case voltage and junction temperature conditions. Table 5–14. Cyclone II Device Timing Model Status Device EP2C5/A Speed Grade Commercial/Industrial Automotive Preliminary — Final v — v — EP2C8/A Commercial/Industrial Automotive v — v — EP2C15A Commercial/Industrial Automotive v — v — EP2C20/A Commercial/Industrial Automotive v — v — — — EP2C35 EP2C50 EP2C70 Commercial/Industrial Commercial/Industrial Commercial/Industrial v v v Performance Table 5–15 shows Cyclone II performance for some common designs. All performance values were obtained with Quartus II software compilation of LPM, or MegaCore functions for the FIR and FFT designs. Table 5–15. Cyclone II Performance (Part 1 of 4) Resources Used Applications LEs M4K DSP Memory Blocks Blocks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Performance (MHz) –6 Speed Grade 385.35 294.2 401.6 157.15 –7 Speed Grade (6) 313.97 260.75 349.4 137.98 –7 Speed Grade (7) 270.85 228.78 310.65 126.08 –8 Speed Grade 286.04 191.02 310.65 126.27 LE 16-to-1 multiplexer (1) 32-to-1 multiplexer (1) 16-bit counter 64-bit counter 21 38 16 64 Altera Corporation February 2008 5–15 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–15. Cyclone II Performance (Part 2 of 4) Resources Used Applications LEs M4K DSP Memory Blocks Blocks 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 22 22 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 8 4 9 12 3 Performance (MHz) –6 Speed Grade 235.29 235.29 235.29 210.08 163.02 260.01 260.01 182.74 153.56 235.07 235.07 235.07 –7 Speed Grade (6) 194.93 194.93 194.93 195.0 163.02 216.73 216.73 147.47 131.25 195.0 195.0 195.0 –7 Speed Grade (7) 163.13 163.13 163.13 163.02 163.02 180.57 180.57 127.74 110.44 147.51 146.3 147.84 –8 Speed Grade 163.13 163.13 163.13 163.02 163.02 180.57 180.57 122.98 110.57 163.02 163.02 163.02 Memory Simple dual-port RAM 128 × 36 bit (3), (5) M4K block True dual-port RAM 128 × 18 bit (3), (5) FIFO 128 × 16 bit (5) Simple dual-port RAM 128 × 36 bit (4),(5) True dual-port RAM 128x18 bit (4),(5) DSP block 9 × 9-bit multiplier (2) 18 × 18-bit multiplier (2) 18-bit, 4 tap FIR filter Larger 8-bit, 16 tap parallel FIR filter Designs 8-bit, 1024 pt, Streaming, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Streaming, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Single Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Single Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Single Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Single Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 113 52 3191 3041 1056 1006 5 4 235.07 195.0 149.99 163.02 1857 10 6 200.0 195.0 149.61 163.02 1757 10 8 200.0 195.0 149.34 163.02 2550 10 9 235.07 195.0 148.21 163.02 5–16 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–15. Cyclone II Performance (Part 3 of 4) Resources Used Applications LEs M4K DSP Memory Blocks Blocks 10 12 Performance (MHz) –6 Speed Grade 235.07 –7 Speed Grade (6) 195.0 –7 Speed Grade (7) 140.11 –8 Speed Grade 163.02 Larger 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, Designs 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 4 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 4 Parallel FFT Engines, Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Buffered Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 1 Parallel FFT Engine, Buffered Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Buffered Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 2 Parallel FFT Engines, Buffered Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function 2400 4343 14 18 200.0 195.0 152.67 163.02 4043 14 24 200.0 195.0 149.72 163.02 7496 28 36 200.0 195.0 150.01 163.02 6896 28 48 200.0 195.0 151.33 163.02 2934 18 9 235.07 195.0 148.89 163.02 2784 18 12 235.07 195.0 151.51 163.02 4720 30 18 200.0 195.0 149.76 163.02 4420 30 24 200.0 195.0 151.08 163.02 Altera Corporation February 2008 5–17 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–15. Cyclone II Performance (Part 4 of 4) Resources Used Applications LEs M4K DSP Memory Blocks Blocks 60 36 Performance (MHz) –6 Speed Grade 200.0 –7 Speed Grade (6) 195.0 –7 Speed Grade (7) 149.23 –8 Speed Grade 163.02 Larger 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, Designs 4 Parallel FFT Engines, Buffered Burst, 3 Mults/5 Adders FFT function 8-bit, 1024 pt, Quad Output, 4 Parallel FFT Engines, Buffered Burst, 4 Mults/2 Adders FFT function Notes to Table 5–15 : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 8053 7453 60 48 200.0 195.0 151.28 163.02 (6) (7) This application uses registered inputs and outputs. This application uses registered multiplier input and output stages within the DSP block. This application uses the same clock source for both A and B ports. This application uses independent clock sources for A and B ports. This application uses PLL clock outputs that are globally routed to connect and drive M4K clock ports. Use of non-PLL clock sources or local routing to drive M4K clock ports may result in lower performance numbers than shown here. Refer to the Quartus II timing report for actual performance numbers. These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Internal Timing Refer to Tables 5–16 through 5–19 for the internal timing parameters. Table 5–16. LE_FF Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TSU –36 — TH 266 — TCO 141 — TCLR 191 — –7 Speed Grade (2) Min –40 –38 306 286 135 141 244 217 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min –40 –40 306 306 135 141 244 244 Max — — — — 250 — — — Max — — — — 277 — — — Max — — — — 304 — — — ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps 5–18 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–16. LE_FF Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TPRE 191 — TCLKL 1000 — TCLKH 1000 — tLUT 180 — Notes to Table 5–16: (1) (2) For the –6 speed grades, the minimum timing is for the commercial temperature grade. The –7 speed grade devices offer the automotive temperature grade. The –8 speed grade devices offer the industrial temperature grade. For each parameter of the –7 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for automotive devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. For each parameter of the –8 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for industrial devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. –7 Speed Grade (2) Min 244 217 1242 1111 1242 1111 172 180 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min 244 244 1242 1242 1242 1242 172 180 Max — — — — — — 438 — Max — — — — — — 545 — Max — — — — — — 651 — ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps (3) Table 5–17. IOE Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TSU 76 — TH 88 — TCO 99 — TPIN2COMBOUT_R 384 — TPIN2COMBOUT_C 385 — TCOMBIN2PIN_R 1344 — –7 Speed Grade (2) Min 101 89 106 97 95 99 366 384 367 385 1280 1344 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min 101 101 106 106 95 99 366 384 367 385 1280 1344 Max — — — — 155 — 762 — 760 — 2490 — Max — — — — 171 — 784 — 783 — 2689 — Max — — — — 187 — 855 — 854 — 2887 — ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Altera Corporation February 2008 5–19 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–17. IOE Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TCOMBIN2PIN_C 1418 — TCLR 137 — TPRE 192 — TCLKL 1000 — TCLKH 1000 — Notes to Table 5–17: (1) (2) For the –6 speed grades, the minimum timing is for the commercial temperature grade. The –7 speed grade devices offer the automotive temperature grade. The –8 speed grade devices offer the industrial temperature grade. For each parameter of the –7 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for automotive devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. For each parameter of the –8 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for industrial devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. –7 Speed Grade (2) Min 1352 1418 165 151 233 212 1242 1111 1242 1111 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min 1352 1418 165 165 233 233 1242 1242 1242 1242 Max 2622 — — — — — — — — — Max 2831 — — — — — — — — — Max 3041 — — — — — — — — — ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps (3) Table 5–18. DSP Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TSU 47 — TH 110 — TCO 0 — TINREG2PIPE9 652 — TINREG2PIPE18 652 — –7 Speed Grade (2) Min 62 54 113 111 0 0 621 652 621 652 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min 62 62 113 113 0 0 621 652 621 652 Max — — — — 0 — 1379 — 1379 — Max — — — — 0 — 1872 — 1872 — Max — — — — 0 — 2441 — 2441 — ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps 5–20 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–18. DSP Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TPIPE2OUTREG 47 — TPD9 529 — TPD18 425 — TCLR 2686 — TCLKL 1923 — TCLKH 1923 — Notes to Table 5–18: (1) (2) For the –6 speed grades, the minimum timing is for the commercial temperature grade. The –7 speed grade devices offer the automotive temperature grade. The –8 speed grade devices offer the industrial temperature grade. For each parameter of the –7 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for automotive devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. For each parameter of the –8 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for industrial devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. –7 Speed Grade (2) Min 45 47 505 529 406 425 3572 3129 2769 2307 2769 2307 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min 45 47 505 529 406 425 3572 3572 2769 2769 2769 2769 Max 104 — 2470 — 2903 — — — — — — — Max 142 — 3353 — 3941 — — — — — — — Max 185 — 4370 — 5136 — — — — — — — ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps (3) Table 5–19. M4K Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 3) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TM4KRC 2387 — TM4KWERESU 35 — TM4KWEREH 234 — TM4KBESU 35 — –7 Speed Grade (2) Min 2275 2387 46 40 267 250 46 40 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min 2275 2387 46 46 267 267 46 46 Max 3764 — — — — — — — Max 4248 — — — — — — — Max 4736 — — — — — — — ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Altera Corporation February 2008 5–21 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–19. M4K Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 3) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TM4KBEH 234 — TM4KDATAASU 35 — TM4KDATAAH 234 — TM4KADDRASU 35 — TM4KADDRAH 234 — TM4KDATABSU 35 — TM4KDATABH 234 — TM4KRADDRBSU 35 — TM4KRADDRBH 234 — TM4KDATACO1 466 — TM4KDATACO2 2345 — TM4KCLKH 1923 — TM4KCLKL 1923 — –7 Speed Grade (2) Min 267 250 46 40 267 250 46 40 267 250 46 40 267 250 46 40 267 250 445 466 2234 2345 2769 2307 2769 2307 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min 267 267 46 46 267 267 46 46 267 267 46 46 267 267 46 46 267 267 445 466 2234 2345 2769 2769 2769 2769 Max — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 724 — 3680 — — — — — Max — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 826 — 4157 — — — — — Max — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 930 — 4636 — — — — — ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps 5–22 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–19. M4K Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 3 of 3) –6 Speed Grade (1) Parameter Min TM4KCLR 191 — Notes to Table 5–19: (1) (2) For the –6 speed grades, the minimum timing is for the commercial temperature grade. The –7 speed grade devices offer the automotive temperature grade. The –8 speed grade devices offer the industrial temperature grade. For each parameter of the –7 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for automotive devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. For each parameter of the –8 speed grade columns, the value in the first row represents the minimum timing parameter for industrial devices. The second row represents the minimum timing parameter for commercial devices. –7 Speed Grade (2) Min 244 217 –8 Speed Grade (3) Unit Min 244 244 Max — — Max — — Max — — ps ps (3) Cyclone II Clock Timing Parameters Refer to Tables 5–20 through 5–34 for Cyclone II clock timing parameters. Table 5–20. Cyclone II Clock Timing Parameters Symbol tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T Parameter Delay from clock pad to I/O input register Delay from clock pad to I/O output register Delay from PLL inclk pad to I/O input register Delay from PLL inclk pad to I/O output register EP2C5/A Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–21 and 5–22 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C5/A devices. Table 5–21. EP2C5/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 1 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N Industrial/ Commercial Automotive 1.283 1.297 –0.188 1.343 1.358 –0.201 –6 Speed Grade 2.329 2.363 0.076 –7 Speed Grade (1) 2.484 2.516 0.038 –7 Speed Grade (2) 2.688 2.717 0.042 –8 Speed Grade 2.688 2.717 0.052 Unit ns ns ns Altera Corporation February 2008 5–23 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–21. EP2C5/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 2 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter tP L L C O U T Notes to Table 5–21: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Industrial/ Commercial Automotive –0.174 –0.186 –6 Speed Grade 0.11 –7 Speed Grade (1) 0.07 –7 Speed Grade (2) 0.071 –8 Speed Grade 0.081 Unit ns Table 5–22. EP2C5/A Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T Notes to Table 5–22: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Industrial/ Commercial Automotive 1.212 1.214 –0.259 –0.257 1.267 1.269 –0.277 –0.275 –6 Speed Grade 2.210 2.226 –0.043 –0.027 –7 Speed Grade (1) 2.351 2.364 –0.095 –0.082 –7 Speed Grade (2) 2.54 2.548 –0.106 –0.098 –8 Speed Grade 2.540 2.548 –0.096 –0.088 Unit ns ns ns ns EP2C8/A Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–23 and 5–24 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C8/A devices. Table 5–23. EP2C8/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 1 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N Industrial/ Commercial Automotive 1.339 1.353 –0.193 1.404 1.419 –0.204 –6 Speed Grade 2.405 2.439 0.055 –7 Speed Grade (1) 2.565 2.597 0.015 –7 Speed Grade (2) 2.764 2.793 0.016 –8 Speed Grade 2.774 2.803 0.026 Unit ns ns ns 5–24 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–23. EP2C8/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 2 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter tP L L C O U T Notes to Table 5–23: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Industrial/ Commercial Automotive –0.179 –0.189 –6 Speed Grade 0.089 –7 Speed Grade (1) 0.047 –7 Speed Grade (2) 0.045 –8 Speed Grade 0.055 Unit ns Table 5–24. EP2C8/A Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T Notes to Table 5–24: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Industrial/ Commercial Automotive 1.256 1.258 –0.276 –0.274 1.314 1.316 –0.294 –0.292 –6 Speed Grade 2.270 2.286 –0.08 –0.064 –7 Speed Grade (1) 2.416 2.429 –0.134 –0.121 –7 Speed Grade (2) 2.596 2.604 –0.152 –0.144 –8 Speed Grade 2.606 2.614 –0.142 –0.134 Unit ns ns ns ns EP2C15A Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–25 and 5–26 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C15A devices. Table 5–25. EP2C15A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N Industrial/ Commercial Automotive 1.621 1.635 –0.351 1.698 1.713 –0.372 –6 Speed Grade 2.590 2.624 0.045 –7 Speed Grade (1) 2.766 2.798 0.008 –7 Speed Grade (2) 3.009 3.038 0.046 –8 Speed Grade 2.989 3.018 0.016 Unit ns ns ns Altera Corporation February 2008 5–25 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–25. EP2C15A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter tP L L C O U T Notes to Table 5–25: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Industrial/ Commercial Automotive –0.337 –0.357 –6 Speed Grade 0.079 –7 Speed Grade (1) 0.04 –7 Speed Grade (2) 0.075 –8 Speed Grade 0.045 Unit ns Table 5–26. EP2C15A Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T (1) (2) Industrial/ Commercial Automotive 1.542 1.544 –0.424 –0.422 1.615 1.617 –0.448 –0.446 –6 Speed Grade 2.490 2.506 –0.057 –0.041 –7 Speed Grade (1) 2.651 2.664 –0.107 –0.094 –7 Speed Grade (2) 2.886 2.894 –0.077 –0.069 –8 Speed Grade 2.866 2.874 –0.107 –0.099 Unit ns ns ns ns Notes to Table 5–26: These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. EP2C20/A Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–27 and 5–28 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C20/A devices. Table 5–27. EP2C20/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 1 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N Industrial/ Commercial Automotive 1.621 1.635 –0.351 1.698 1.713 –0.372 –6 Speed Grade 2.590 2.624 0.045 –7 Speed Grade (1) 2.766 2.798 0.008 –7 Speed Grade (2) 3.009 3.038 0.046 –8 Speed Grade 2.989 3.018 0.016 Unit ns ns ns 5–26 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–27. EP2C20/A Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters (Part 2 of 2) Fast Corner Parameter tP L L C O U T Notes to Table 5–27: (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Industrial/ Commercial Automotive –0.337 –0.357 –6 Speed Grade 0.079 –7 Speed Grade (1) 0.04 –7 Speed Grade (2) 0.075 –8 Speed Grade 0.045 Unit ns Table 5–28. EP2C20/A Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T (1) (2) Industrial/ Commercial Automotive 1.542 1.544 –0.424 –0.422 1.615 1.617 –0.448 –0.446 –6 Speed Grade 2.490 2.506 –0.057 –0.041 –7 Speed Grade (1) 2.651 2.664 –0.107 –0.094 –7 Speed Grade (2) 2.886 2.894 –0.077 –0.069 –8 Speed Grade 2.866 2.874 –0.107 –0.099 Unit ns ns ns ns Notes to Table 5–28: These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. EP2C35 Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–29 and 5–30 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C35 devices. Table 5–29. EP2C35 Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T 1.499 1.513 –0.026 –0.012 Commercial 1.569 1.584 –0.032 –0.017 –6 Speed Grade 2.652 2.686 0.272 0.306 –7 Speed Grade 2.878 2.910 0.316 0.348 –8 Speed Grade 3.155 3.184 0.41 0.439 Unit ns ns ns ns Altera Corporation February 2008 5–27 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–30. EP2C35 Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T 1.410 1.412 –0.117 –0.115 Commercial 1.476 1.478 –0.127 –0.125 –6 Speed Grade 2.514 2.530 0.134 0.15 –7 Speed Grade 2.724 2.737 0.162 0.175 –8 Speed Grade 2.986 2.994 0.241 0.249 Unit ns ns ns ns EP2C50 Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–31 and 5–32 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C50 devices. Table 5–31. EP2C50 Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T 1.575 1.589 –0.149 –0.135 Commercial 1.651 1.666 –0.158 –0.143 –6 Speed Grade 2.759 2.793 0.113 0.147 –7 Speed Grade 2.940 2.972 0.075 0.107 –8 Speed Grade 3.174 3.203 0.089 0.118 Unit ns ns ns ns Table 5–32. EP2C50 Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T 1.463 1.465 –0.261 –0.259 Commercial 1.533 1.535 –0.276 –0.274 –6 Speed Grade 2.624 2.640 –0.022 –0.006 –7 Speed Grade 2.791 2.804 –0.074 –0.061 –8 Speed Grade 3.010 3.018 –0.075 –0.067 Unit ns ns ns ns 5–28 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications EP2C70 Clock Timing Parameters Tables 5–33 and 5–34 show the clock timing parameters for EP2C70 devices. Table 5–33. EP2C70 Column Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T 1.575 1.589 –0.149 –0.135 Commercial 1.651 1.666 –0.158 –0.143 –6 Speed Grade 2.914 2.948 0.27 0.304 –7 Speed Grade 3.105 3.137 0.268 0.3 –8 Speed Grade 3.174 3.203 0.089 0.118 Unit ns ns ns ns Table 5–34. EP2C70 Row Pins Global Clock Timing Parameters Fast Corner Parameter Industrial tC I N tC O U T tP L L C I N tP L L C O U T 1.463 1.465 –0.261 –0.259 Commercial 1.533 1.535 –0.276 –0.274 –6 Speed Grade 2.753 2.769 0.109 0.125 –7 Speed Grade 2.927 2.940 0.09 0.103 –8 Speed Grade 3.010 3.018 –0.075 –0.067 Unit ns ns ns ns Clock Network Skew Adders Table 5–35 shows the clock network specifications. Table 5–35. Clock Network Specifications Name Clock skew adder EP2C5/A, EP2C8/A (1) Description Inter-clock network, same bank Inter-clock network, same side and entire chip Inter-clock network, same bank Inter-clock network, same side and entire chip Max ±88 ±88 ±118 ±138 Unit ps ps ps ps Clock skew adder EP2C15A, EP2C20/A, EP2C35, EP2C50, EP2C70 (1) Note to Table 5–35: (1) This is in addition to intra-clock network skew, which is modeled in the Quartus II software. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–29 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications IOE Programmable Delay Refer to Table 5–36 and 5–37 for IOE programmable delay. Table 5–36. Cyclone II IOE Programmable Delay on Column Pins Notes (1), (2) Fast Corner (3) –6 Speed Grade –7 Speed Grade (4) –8 Speed Grade Unit Number Parameter Paths Affected of Settings Input Delay Pad -> I/O from Pin to dataout to core Internal Cells Input Delay Pad -> I/O from Pin to input register Input Register Delay from Output Register to Output Pin (1) (2) (3) (4) Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Offset Offset Offset Offset Offset Offset Offset Offset 0 0 2233 2344 0 — 3827 — 0 0 4232 4088 0 — 4349 — ps ps 7 8 0 0 2656 2788 0 — 4555 — 0 0 4914 4748 0 — 4940 — ps ps I/O output register -> Pad 2 0 0 303 318 0 — 563 — 0 0 638 617 0 — 670 — ps ps Notes to Table 5–36: The incremental values for the settings are generally linear. For exact values of each setting, use the latest version of the Quartus II software. The minimum and maximum offset timing numbers are in reference to setting “0” as available in the Quartus II software. The value in the first row for each parameter represents the fast corner timing parameter for industrial and automotive devices. The second row represents the fast corner timing parameter for commercial devices. The value in the first row is for automotive devices. The second row is for commercial devices. Table 5–37. Cyclone II IOE Programmable Delay on Row Pins Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Number Fast Corner (3) of Max Settings Min Offset Offset 7 0 0 2240 2352 Paths Parameter Affected Input Delay from Pin to Internal Cells Pad -> I/O dataout to core –6 Speed Grade Min Offset 0 — –7 Speed Grade (4) Min Offset 0 0 –8 Speed Grade Unit Min Offset 0 — Max Offset 3776 — Max Offset 4174 4033 Max Offset 4290 — ps ps 5–30 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–37. Cyclone II IOE Programmable Delay on Row Pins Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Number Fast Corner (3) of Max Settings Min Offset Offset 8 0 0 2669 2802 Paths Parameter Affected Input Delay Pad -> from Pin to I/O input register Input Register Delay from Output Register to Output Pin (1) (2) (3) (4) –6 Speed Grade Min Offset 0 — –7 Speed Grade (4) Min Offset 0 0 –8 Speed Grade Unit Min Offset 0 — Max Offset 4482 — Max Offset 4834 4671 Max Offset 4859 — ps ps I/O output register > Pad 2 0 0 308 324 0 — 572 — 0 0 648 626 0 — 682 — ps ps Notes to Table 5–37 : The incremental values for the settings are generally linear. For exact values of each setting, use the latest version of the Quartus II software. The minimum and maximum offset timing numbers are in reference to setting “0” as available in the Quartus II software. The value in the first row represents the fast corner timing parameter for industrial and automotive devices. The second row represents the fast corner timing parameter for commercial devices. The value in the first row is for automotive devices. The second row is for commercial devices. Default Capacitive Loading of Different I/O Standards Refer to Table 5–38 for default capacitive loading of different I/O standards. Table 5–38. Default Loading of Different I/O Standards for Cyclone II Device (Part 1 of 2) I/O Standard LVTTL LVCMOS 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V PCI PCI-X SSTL_2_CLASS_I SSTL_2_CLASS_II SSTL_18_CLASS_I Capacitive Load 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 Unit pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF Altera Corporation February 2008 5–31 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–38. Default Loading of Different I/O Standards for Cyclone II Device (Part 2 of 2) I/O Standard SSTL_18_CLASS_II 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_I 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_II 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_I 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_CLASS_II 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_CLASS_I 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_CLASS_II 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_CLASS_I 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_CLASS_II LVDS 1.2V_HSTL 1.2V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL Capacitive Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unit pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF pF 5–32 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications I/O Delays Refer to Tables 5–39 through 5–43 for I/O delays. Table 5–39. I/O Delay Parameters Symbol tD I P tO P tP C O U T tP I Parameter Delay from I/O datain to output pad Delay from I/O output register to output pad Delay from input pad to I/O dataout to core Delay from input pad to I/O input register Table 5–40. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Column Pins (Part 1 of 3) –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I tP C O U T 2.5V tP I tP C O U T 1.8V tP I tP C O U T 1.5V tP I tP C O U T LVCMOS tP I tP C O U T SSTL_2_CLASS_I tP I tP C O U T SSTL_2_CLASS_II tP I tP C O U T SSTL_18_CLASS_I tP I tP C O U T SSTL_18_CLASS_II tP I tP C O U T 581 367 624 410 725 511 790 576 581 367 533 319 533 319 577 363 577 363 609 385 654 430 760 536 828 604 609 385 558 334 558 334 605 381 605 381 1222 760 1192 730 1372 910 1439 977 1222 760 990 528 990 528 1027 565 1027 565 1228 783 1238 793 1428 983 1497 1052 1228 783 1015 570 1015 570 1035 590 1035 590 1282 854 1283 855 1484 1056 1556 1128 1282 854 1040 612 1040 612 1045 617 1045 617 1282 854 1283 855 1484 1056 1556 1128 1282 854 1040 612 1040 612 1045 617 1045 617 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner I/O Standard LVTTL Altera Corporation February 2008 5–33 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–40. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Column Pins (Part 2 of 3) –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I tP C O U T 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_II tP I tP C O U T 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_I tP I tP C O U T 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_II tP I tP C O U T DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II LVDS tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T 1.2V_HSTL tP I tP C O U T 589 375 589 375 577 363 577 363 533 319 533 319 577 363 577 363 577 363 577 363 589 375 589 375 623 409 570 356 617 393 617 393 605 381 605 381 558 334 558 334 605 381 605 381 605 381 605 381 617 393 617 393 653 429 597 373 1145 683 1145 683 1027 565 1027 565 990 528 990 528 1027 565 1027 565 1027 565 1027 565 1145 683 1145 683 1072 610 1263 801 1176 731 1176 731 1035 590 1035 590 1015 570 1015 570 1035 590 1035 590 1035 590 1035 590 1176 731 1176 731 1075 630 1324 879 1208 780 1208 780 1045 617 1045 617 1040 612 1040 612 1045 617 1045 617 1045 617 1045 617 1208 780 1208 780 1078 650 1385 957 1208 780 1208 780 1045 617 1045 617 1040 612 1040 612 1045 617 1045 617 1045 617 1045 617 1208 780 1208 780 1078 650 1385 957 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_I 5–34 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–40. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Column Pins (Part 3 of 3) –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I tP C O U T Notes to Table 5–40 : (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.2V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 570 356 597 373 1263 801 1324 879 1385 957 1385 957 ps ps Table 5–41. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Row Pins (Part 1 of 2) –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I tP C O U T 2.5V tP I tP C O U T 1.8V tP I tP C O U T 1.5V tP I tP C O U T LVCMOS tP I tP C O U T SSTL_2_CLASS_I tP I tP C O U T SSTL_2_CLASS_II tP I tP C O U T SSTL_18_CLASS_I tP I tP C O U T SSTL_18_CLASS_II tP I tP C O U T 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_I tP I tP C O U T 583 366 629 412 729 512 794 577 583 366 536 319 536 319 581 364 581 364 593 376 611 384 659 432 764 537 832 605 611 384 561 334 561 334 609 382 609 382 621 394 1129 762 1099 732 1278 911 1345 978 1129 762 896 529 896 529 933 566 933 566 1051 684 1160 784 1171 795 1360 984 1429 1053 1160 784 947 571 947 571 967 591 967 591 1109 733 1240 855 1244 859 1443 1058 1513 1128 1240 855 998 613 998 613 1004 619 1004 619 1167 782 1240 855 1244 859 1443 1058 1513 1128 1240 855 998 613 998 613 1004 619 1004 619 1167 782 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner I/O Standard LVTTL Altera Corporation February 2008 5–35 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–41. Cyclone II I/O Input Delay for Row Pins (Part 2 of 2) –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Parameter Industrial/ Commer Speed Speed Unit Grade Grade Grade Grade Automotive -cial (1) (2) tP I tP C O U T 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_I tP I tP C O U T 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_II tP I tP C O U T DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II LVDS tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T tP I tP C O U T PCI tP I tP C O U T PCI-X tP I tP C O U T Notes to Table 5–41 : (1) (2) These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Fast Corner I/O Standard 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_II 593 376 581 364 581 364 536 319 536 319 581 364 581 364 581 364 581 364 593 376 593 376 651 434 595 378 595 378 621 394 609 382 609 382 561 334 561 334 609 382 609 382 609 382 609 382 621 394 621 394 682 455 623 396 623 396 1051 684 933 566 933 566 896 529 896 529 933 566 933 566 933 566 933 566 1051 684 1051 684 1036 669 1113 746 1113 746 1109 733 967 591 967 591 947 571 947 571 967 591 967 591 967 591 967 591 1109 733 1109 733 1075 699 1156 780 1156 780 1167 782 1004 619 1004 619 998 613 998 613 1004 619 1004 619 1004 619 1004 619 1167 782 1167 782 1113 728 1232 847 1232 847 1167 782 1004 619 1004 619 998 613 998 613 1004 619 1004 619 1004 619 1004 619 1167 782 1167 782 1113 728 1232 847 1232 847 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps 5–36 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 1 of 6) Drive Parameter Strength 4 mA tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA tO P tD I P 16 mA tO P tD I P 20 mA tO P tD I P 24 mA (1) LVCMOS 4 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA tO P tD I P 16 mA tO P tD I P 20 mA tO P tD I P 24 mA (1) tO P tD I P I/O Standard –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 1524 1656 1343 1475 1287 1419 1239 1371 1228 1360 1220 1352 1346 1478 1240 1372 1221 1353 1203 1335 1194 1326 1192 1324 1599 1738 1409 1548 1350 1489 1299 1438 1288 1427 1279 1418 1412 1551 1300 1439 1280 1419 1262 1401 1252 1391 1250 1389 2903 3073 2670 2840 2547 2717 2478 2648 2456 2626 2452 2622 2509 2679 2473 2643 2428 2598 2403 2573 2378 2548 2382 2552 3125 3319 2866 3060 2735 2929 2665 2859 2641 2835 2637 2831 2695 2889 2660 2854 2613 2807 2587 2781 2562 2756 2566 2760 3341 3567 3054 3280 2917 3143 2844 3070 2820 3046 2815 3041 2873 3099 2840 3066 2790 3016 2765 2991 2738 2964 2742 2968 3348 3567 3061 3280 2924 3143 2851 3070 2827 3046 2822 3041 2880 3099 2847 3066 2797 3016 2772 2991 2745 2964 2749 2968 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner LVTTL Altera Corporation February 2008 5–37 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 2 of 6) Drive Parameter Strength 4 mA tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA tO P tD I P 16 mA (1) 1.8V 2 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 4 mA tO P tD I P 6 mA tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 10 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) 1.5V 2 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 4 mA tO P tD I P 6 mA tO P tD I P 8 mA (1) tO P tD I P I/O Standard –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 1208 1340 1190 1322 1154 1286 1140 1272 1682 1814 1567 1699 1475 1607 1451 1583 1438 1570 1438 1570 2083 2215 1793 1925 1770 1902 1703 1835 1267 1406 1248 1387 1210 1349 1195 1334 1765 1904 1644 1783 1547 1686 1522 1661 1508 1647 1508 1647 2186 2325 1881 2020 1857 1996 1787 1926 2478 2648 2307 2477 2192 2362 2152 2322 3988 4158 3301 3471 2993 3163 2882 3052 2853 3023 2853 3023 4477 4647 3649 3819 3527 3697 3537 3707 2614 2808 2434 2628 2314 2508 2263 2457 4279 4473 3538 3732 3195 3389 3074 3268 3041 3235 3041 3235 4870 5064 3965 4159 3823 4017 3827 4021 2743 2969 2554 2780 2430 2656 2375 2601 4563 4789 3768 3994 3391 3617 3259 3485 3223 3449 3223 3449 5256 5482 4274 4500 4112 4338 4111 4337 2750 2969 2561 2780 2437 2656 2382 2601 4570 4789 3775 3994 3398 3617 3266 3485 3230 3449 3230 3449 5263 5482 4281 4500 4119 4338 4118 4337 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner 2.5V 5–38 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 3 of 6) Drive Parameter Strength 8 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) SSTL_2_ CLASS_II 16 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 20 mA tO P tD I P 24 mA (1) SSTL_18_ CLASS_I 6 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 10 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 16 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 18 mA (1) 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 8 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 10 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) tO P tD I P I/O Standard –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 1196 1328 1174 1306 1158 1290 1152 1284 1152 1284 1472 1604 1469 1601 1466 1598 1466 1598 1454 1586 1453 1585 1460 1592 1462 1594 1462 1594 1254 1393 1231 1370 1214 1353 1208 1347 1208 1347 1544 1683 1541 1680 1538 1677 1538 1677 1525 1664 1524 1663 1531 1670 1534 1673 1534 1673 2388 2558 2277 2447 2245 2415 2231 2401 2225 2395 3140 3310 3086 3256 2980 3150 2980 3150 2905 3075 2900 3070 3222 3392 3090 3260 3090 3260 2516 2710 2401 2595 2365 2559 2351 2545 2345 2539 3345 3539 3287 3481 3171 3365 3171 3365 3088 3282 3082 3276 3424 3618 3279 3473 3279 3473 2638 2864 2518 2744 2479 2705 2464 2690 2458 2684 3542 3768 3482 3708 3354 3580 3354 3580 3263 3489 3257 3483 3618 3844 3462 3688 3462 3688 2645 2864 2525 2744 2486 2705 2471 2690 2465 2684 3549 3768 3489 3708 3361 3580 3361 3580 3270 3489 3264 3483 3625 3844 3469 3688 3469 3688 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner SSTL_2_ CLASS_I Altera Corporation February 2008 5–39 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 4 of 6) Drive Parameter Strength 16 mA tO P tD I P 18 mA tO P tD I P 20 mA (1) 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 8 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 10 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_2_CLASS_I 16 mA (1) 8 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_2_CLASS_II 16 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 20 mA tO P tD I P 24 mA (1) tO P tD I P I/O Standard –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 1449 1581 1450 1582 1452 1584 1779 1911 1784 1916 1784 1916 1750 1882 1196 1328 1174 1306 1158 1290 1152 1284 1152 1284 1520 1659 1521 1660 1523 1662 1866 2005 1872 2011 1872 2011 1836 1975 1254 1393 1231 1370 1214 1353 1208 1347 1208 1347 2936 3106 2924 3094 2926 3096 4292 4462 4031 4201 4031 4201 3844 4014 2388 2558 2277 2447 2245 2415 2231 2401 2225 2395 3107 3301 3101 3295 3096 3290 4637 4831 4355 4549 4355 4549 4125 4319 2516 2710 2401 2595 2365 2559 2351 2545 2345 2539 3271 3497 3272 3498 3259 3485 4974 5200 4673 4899 4673 4899 4399 4625 2638 2864 2518 2744 2479 2705 2464 2690 2458 2684 3278 3497 3279 3498 3266 3485 4981 5200 4680 4899 4680 4899 4406 4625 2645 2864 2525 2744 2486 2705 2471 2690 2465 2684 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 5–40 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 5 of 6) Drive Parameter Strength 6 mA tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 10 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_18_CLASS_II 16 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 18 mA (1) 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL 8 mA _HSTL_CLASS_I 10 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL 16 mA _HSTL_CLASS_II 18 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 20 mA (1) 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL 8 mA _HSTL_CLASS_I 10 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) tO P tD I P I/O Standard –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 1472 1604 1469 1601 1466 1598 1466 1598 1454 1586 1453 1585 1460 1592 1462 1594 1462 1594 1449 1581 1450 1582 1452 1584 1779 1911 1784 1916 1784 1916 1544 1683 1541 1680 1538 1677 1538 1677 1525 1664 1524 1663 1531 1670 1534 1673 1534 1673 1520 1659 1521 1660 1523 1662 1866 2005 1872 2011 1872 2011 3140 3310 3086 3256 2980 3150 2980 3150 2905 3075 2900 3070 3222 3392 3090 3260 3090 3260 2936 3106 2924 3094 2926 3096 4292 4462 4031 4201 4031 4201 3345 3539 3287 3481 3171 3365 3171 3365 3088 3282 3082 3276 3424 3618 3279 3473 3279 3473 3107 3301 3101 3295 3096 3290 4637 4831 4355 4549 4355 4549 3542 3768 3482 3708 3354 3580 3354 3580 3263 3489 3257 3483 3618 3844 3462 3688 3462 3688 3271 3497 3272 3498 3259 3485 4974 5200 4673 4899 4673 4899 3549 3768 3489 3708 3361 3580 3361 3580 3270 3489 3264 3483 3625 3844 3469 3688 3469 3688 3278 3497 3279 3498 3266 3485 4981 5200 4680 4899 4680 4899 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_18_CLASS_I Altera Corporation February 2008 5–41 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–42. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Column Pins (Part 6 of 6) Drive Parameter Strength tO P tD I P tO P tD I P RSDS — tO P tD I P MINI_LVDS — tO P tD I P SIMPLE_RSDS — tO P tD I P 1.2V_HSTL — tO P tD I P 1.2V_DIFFERENTIAL _HSTL Notes to Table 5–42: (1) (2) (3) This is the default setting in the Quartus II software. These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. I/O Standard –7 –7 –6 –8 Speed Speed Industrial/ Commer Speed Grade Grade Speed Unit Grade Grade Automotive -cial (2) (3) 1750 1882 1258 1390 1258 1390 1258 1390 1221 1353 2403 2535 2403 2535 1836 1975 1319 1458 1319 1458 1319 1458 1280 1419 2522 2661 2522 2661 3844 4014 2243 2413 2243 2413 2243 2413 2258 2428 4635 4805 4635 4805 4125 4319 2344 2538 2344 2538 2344 2538 2435 2629 5344 5538 5344 5538 4399 4625 2438 2664 2438 2664 2438 2664 2605 2831 6046 6272 6046 6272 4406 4625 2445 2664 2445 2664 2445 2664 2612 2831 6053 6272 6053 6272 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Fast Corner 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL 16 mA _HSTL_CLASS_II (1) LVDS — — tO P tD I P 5–42 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–43. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Row Pins (Part 1 of 4) Fast Corner I/O Standard Drive Parameter Industrial Strength /Automotive 4 mA tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA tO P tD I P 16 mA tO P tD I P 20 mA tO P tD I P 24 mA (1) LVCMOS 4 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) 2.5V 4 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 8 mA (1) tO P tD I P 1343 1467 1198 1322 1156 1280 1124 1248 1112 1236 1105 1229 1200 1324 1125 1249 1106 1230 1126 1250 1105 1229 Commercial 1408 1540 1256 1388 1212 1344 1178 1310 1165 1297 1158 1290 1258 1390 1179 1311 1159 1291 1180 1312 1158 1290 –6 Speed Grade 2539 2747 2411 2619 2282 2490 2286 2494 2245 2453 2253 2461 2231 2439 2260 2468 2217 2425 2350 2558 2177 2385 –7 Speed Grade (2) 2694 2931 2587 2824 2452 2689 2455 2692 2413 2650 2422 2659 2396 2633 2429 2666 2383 2620 2477 2714 2296 2533 –7 Speed Grade (3) 2885 3158 2756 3029 2614 2887 2618 2891 2574 2847 2583 2856 2555 2828 2591 2864 2543 2816 2598 2871 2409 2682 –8 Speed Grade 2891 3158 2762 3029 2620 2887 2624 2891 2580 2847 2589 2856 2561 2828 2597 2864 2549 2816 2604 2871 2415 2682 Unit LVTTL ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Altera Corporation February 2008 5–43 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–43. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Row Pins (Part 2 of 4) Fast Corner I/O Standard Drive Parameter Industrial Strength /Automotive 2 mA tO P tD I P 4 mA tO P tD I P 6 mA tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 10 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) 1.5V 2 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 4 mA tO P tD I P 6 mA (1) tO P tD I P SSTL_2_ CLASS_I 8 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) SSTL_2_ CLASS_II SSTL_18_ CLASS_I 16 mA (1) 6 mA tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 8 mA tO P tD I P 10 mA (1) tO P tD I P 1503 1627 1400 1524 1388 1512 1347 1471 1347 1471 1332 1456 1853 1977 1694 1818 1694 1818 1090 1214 1097 1221 1068 1192 1371 1495 1365 1489 1374 1498 Commercial 1576 1708 1468 1600 1455 1587 1412 1544 1412 1544 1396 1528 1943 2075 1776 1908 1776 1908 1142 1274 1150 1282 1119 1251 1437 1569 1431 1563 1440 1572 –6 Speed Grade 3657 3865 3010 3218 2857 3065 2714 2922 2714 2922 2678 2886 4127 4335 3452 3660 3452 3660 2152 2360 2131 2339 2067 2275 2828 3036 2832 3040 2806 3014 –7 Speed Grade (2) 3927 4164 3226 3463 3050 3287 2897 3134 2897 3134 2856 3093 4492 4729 3747 3984 3747 3984 2268 2505 2246 2483 2177 2414 3018 3255 3024 3261 2990 3227 –7 Speed Grade (3) 4190 4463 3434 3707 3236 3509 3072 3345 3072 3345 3028 3301 4849 5122 4036 4309 4036 4309 2376 2649 2354 2627 2281 2554 3200 3473 3209 3482 3167 3440 –8 Speed Grade 4196 4463 3440 3707 3242 3509 3078 3345 3078 3345 3034 3301 4855 5122 4042 4309 4042 4309 2382 2649 2360 2627 2287 2554 3206 3473 3215 3482 3173 3440 Unit 1.8V ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps 5–44 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–43. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Row Pins (Part 3 of 4) Fast Corner I/O Standard Drive Parameter Industrial Strength /Automotive 8 mA tO P tD I P 10 mA tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 8 mA (1) tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 10 mA (1) 8 mA 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_ HSTL_ 10 mA CLASS_I tO P tD I P tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 12 mA (1) 8 mA 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_ (1) HSTL_ CLASS_I tO P tD I P tO P tD I P 1364 1488 1332 1456 1332 1456 1657 1781 1090 1214 1097 1221 1068 1192 1371 1495 1365 1489 1374 1498 1364 1488 1332 1456 1332 1456 1657 1781 Commercial 1430 1562 1396 1528 1396 1528 1738 1870 1142 1274 1150 1282 1119 1251 1437 1569 1431 1563 1440 1572 1430 1562 1396 1528 1396 1528 1738 1870 –6 Speed Grade 2853 3061 2842 3050 2842 3050 3642 3850 2152 2360 2131 2339 2067 2275 2828 3036 2832 3040 2806 3014 2853 3061 2842 3050 2842 3050 3642 3850 –7 Speed Grade (2) 3017 3254 3011 3248 3011 3248 3917 4154 2268 2505 2246 2483 2177 2414 3018 3255 3024 3261 2990 3227 3017 3254 3011 3248 3011 3248 3917 4154 –7 Speed Grade (3) 3178 3451 3173 3446 3173 3446 4185 4458 2376 2649 2354 2627 2281 2554 3200 3473 3209 3482 3167 3440 3178 3451 3173 3446 3173 3446 4185 4458 –8 Speed Grade 3184 3451 3179 3446 3179 3446 4191 4458 2382 2649 2360 2627 2287 2554 3206 3473 3215 3482 3173 3440 3184 3451 3179 3446 3179 3446 4191 4458 Unit 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_I ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps DIFFERENTIAL_ 8 mA SSTL_2_ CLASS_I 12 mA (1) DIFFERENTIAL_ 16 mA (1) SSTL_2_ CLASS_II DIFFERENTIAL_ 6 mA SSTL_18_ CLASS_I 8 mA Altera Corporation February 2008 5–45 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–43. Cyclone II I/O Output Delay for Row Pins (Part 4 of 4) Fast Corner I/O Standard Drive Parameter Industrial Strength /Automotive — tO P tD I P RSDS — tO P tD I P MINI_LVDS — tO P tD I P PCI — tO P tD I P PCI-X — tO P tD I P Notes to Table 5–43: (1) (2) (3) This is the default setting in the Quartus II software. These numbers are for commercial devices. These numbers are for automotive devices. Commercial 1275 1407 1275 1407 1275 1407 1036 1168 1036 1168 –6 Speed Grade 2089 2297 2089 2297 2089 2297 2070 2278 2070 2278 –7 Speed Grade (2) 2184 2421 2184 2421 2184 2421 2214 2451 2214 2451 –7 Speed Grade (3) 2272 2545 2272 2545 2272 2545 2352 2625 2352 2625 –8 Speed Grade 2278 2545 2278 2545 2278 2545 2358 2625 2358 2625 Unit LVDS 1216 1340 1216 1340 1216 1340 989 1113 989 1113 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Maximum Input and Output Clock Rate Maximum clock toggle rate is defined as the maximum frequency achievable for a clock type signal at an I/O pin. The I/O pin can be a regular I/O pin or a dedicated clock I/O pin. The maximum clock toggle rate is different from the maximum data bit rate. If the maximum clock toggle rate on a regular I/O pin is 300 MHz, the maximum data bit rate for dual data rate (DDR) could be potentially as high as 600 Mbps on the same I/O pin. Table 5–44 specifies the maximum input clock toggle rates. Table 5–45 specifies the maximum output clock toggle rates at default load. Table 5–46 specifies the derating factors for the output clock toggle rate for non-default load. To calculate the output toggle rate for a non-default load, use this formula: The toggle rate for a non-default load 5–46 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications = 1000 / (1000/toggle rate at default load + derating factor * load value in pF/1000) For example, the output toggle rate at 0 pF (default) load for SSTL-18 Class II 18mA I/O standard is 270 MHz on a –6 device column I/O pin. The derating factor is 29 ps/pF. For a 10pF load, the toggle rate is calculated as: 1000 / (1000/270 + 29 × 10/1000) = 250 (MHz) Tables 5–44 through 5–46 show the I/O toggle rates for Cyclone II devices. Table 5–44. Maximum Input Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 1 of 2) Maximum Input Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) Column I/O Pins I/O Standard Row I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Inputs –7 –8 –6 –6 –7 –8 –8 –6 –7 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade LVTTL 2.5V 1.8V 1.5V LVCMOS SSTL_2_CLASS_I SSTL_2_CLASS_II SSTL_18_CLASS_I SSTL_18_CLASS_II 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_I 1.5V_HSTL_CLASS_II 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_I 1.8V_HSTL_CLASS_II PCI PCI-X DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2_ CLASS_II 450 450 450 300 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 — — 500 500 405 405 405 270 405 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 — — 500 500 360 360 360 240 360 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 — — 500 500 450 450 450 300 450 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 350 350 500 500 405 405 405 270 405 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 315 315 500 500 360 360 360 240 360 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 280 280 500 500 420 450 450 300 420 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 350 350 500 500 380 405 405 270 380 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 315 315 500 500 340 360 360 240 340 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 280 280 500 500 Altera Corporation February 2008 5–47 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–44. Maximum Input Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 2 of 2) Maximum Input Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) Column I/O Pins I/O Standard Row I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Inputs –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.8V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.5V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II LVPECL LVDS 1.2V_HSTL 1.2V_DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 500 500 500 500 500 500 — 402 110 110 500 500 500 500 500 500 — 402 90 90 500 500 500 500 500 500 — 402 80 80 500 500 500 500 500 500 — 402 — — 500 500 500 500 500 500 — 402 — — 500 500 500 500 500 500 — 402 — — 500 500 500 500 500 500 402 402 110 110 500 500 500 500 500 500 402 402 90 90 500 500 500 500 500 500 402 402 80 80 Table 5–45. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 1 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) Drive Strength Column I/O Pins (1) Row I/O Pins (1) Dedicated Clock Outputs I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 120 200 280 290 330 360 100 170 230 240 280 300 80 140 190 200 230 250 120 200 280 290 330 360 100 170 230 240 280 300 80 140 190 200 230 250 120 200 280 290 330 360 100 170 230 240 280 300 80 140 190 200 230 250 LVTTL 4 mA 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA 5–48 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–45. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 2 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) Drive Strength Column I/O Pins (1) Row I/O Pins (1) Dedicated Clock Outputs I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 250 280 310 320 350 370 180 280 440 450 120 180 220 240 300 350 80 130 180 230 400 400 350 400 400 260 260 270 280 210 230 260 270 290 310 150 230 370 405 100 150 180 200 250 290 60 110 150 190 340 340 290 340 340 220 220 220 230 170 190 210 220 240 250 120 190 300 350 80 120 150 160 210 240 50 90 120 160 280 280 240 280 280 180 180 180 190 250 280 310 — — — 180 280 — — 120 180 220 240 300 350 80 130 180 — 400 400 350 — — 260 260 270 — 210 230 260 — — — 150 230 — — 100 150 180 200 250 290 60 110 150 — 340 340 290 — — 220 220 220 — 170 190 210 — — — 120 190 — — 80 120 150 160 210 240 50 90 120 — 280 280 240 — — 180 180 180 — 250 280 310 — — — 180 280 — — 120 180 220 240 300 350 80 130 180 — 400 400 350 — — 260 260 270 — 210 230 260 — — — 150 230 — — 100 150 180 200 250 290 60 110 150 — 340 340 290 — — 220 220 220 — 170 190 210 — — — 120 190 — — 80 120 150 160 210 240 50 90 120 — 280 280 240 — — 180 180 180 — LVCMOS 4 mA 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA 2.5V 4 mA 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 1.8V 2 mA 4 mA 6 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA 1.5V 2 mA 4 mA 6 mA 8 mA SSTL_2_CLASS_I 8 mA 12 mA SSTL_2_CLASS_II 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA SSTL_18_ CLASS_I 6 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA Altera Corporation February 2008 5–49 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–45. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 3 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) Drive Strength Column I/O Pins (1) Row I/O Pins (1) Dedicated Clock Outputs I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 260 270 260 300 320 230 240 250 210 220 230 210 400 400 350 400 400 260 260 270 280 260 270 260 300 320 230 240 250 220 220 220 250 270 190 200 210 170 180 190 170 340 340 290 340 340 220 220 220 230 220 220 220 250 270 190 200 210 180 180 180 210 220 160 160 170 140 150 160 140 280 280 240 280 280 180 180 180 190 180 180 180 210 220 160 160 170 — — 260 300 320 — — — 210 — — — 400 400 350 — — 260 260 270 — — — 260 300 320 — — — — — 220 250 270 — — — 170 — — — 340 340 290 — — 220 220 220 — — — 220 250 270 — — — — — 180 210 220 — — — 140 — — — 280 280 240 — — 180 180 180 — — — 180 210 220 — — — — — 260 300 320 — — — 210 — — — 400 400 350 — — 260 260 270 — — — 260 300 320 — — — — — 220 250 270 — — — 170 — — — 340 340 290 — — 220 220 220 — — — 220 250 270 — — — — — 180 210 220 — — — 140 — — — 280 280 240 — — 180 180 180 — — — 180 210 220 — — — SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 16 mA 18 mA 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 16 mA 18 mA 20 mA 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 16 mA DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_2_CLASS_I DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_2_CLASS_II 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA DIFFERENTIAL_ SSTL_18_CLASS_I 6 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL 16 mA _18_CLASS_II 18 mA 8 mA 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 10 mA _CLASS_I 12 mA 16 mA 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 18 mA _CLASS_II 20 mA 5–50 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–45. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (Part 4 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate on Cyclone II Devices (MHz) Drive Strength Column I/O Pins (1) Row I/O Pins (1) Dedicated Clock Outputs I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 210 220 230 210 170 180 190 170 140 150 160 140 210 — — — 170 — — — 140 — — — 210 — — — 170 — — — 140 — — — 8 mA 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL 10 mA _CLASS_I 12 mA 16 mA 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL _CLASS_II LVDS RSDS MINI_LVDS SIMPLE_RSDS 1.2V_HSTL 1.2V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL PCI PCI-X LVTTL LVCMOS 2.5V 1.8V SSTL_2_CLASS_I SSTL_18_CLASS_I Note to Table 5–45: (1) — — — — — — — — OCT_25_ OHMS OCT_25_ OHMS OCT_50_ OHMS OCT_50_ OHMS OCT_50_ OHMS OCT_50_ OHMS 400 400 400 380 80 80 — — 360 360 240 290 240 290 340 340 340 320 80 80 — — 300 300 200 240 200 240 280 280 280 260 80 80 — — 250 250 160 200 160 200 400 400 400 380 — — 350 350 360 360 240 290 240 290 340 340 340 320 — — 315 315 300 300 200 240 200 240 280 280 280 260 — — 280 280 250 250 160 200 160 200 400 400 400 380 — — 350 350 360 360 240 290 — — 340 340 340 320 — — 315 315 300 300 200 240 — — 280 280 280 260 — — 280 280 250 250 160 200 — — This is based on single data rate I/Os. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–51 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–46. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (Part 1 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (ps/pF) Drive Strength Column I/O Pins Row I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Outputs I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 438 306 139 145 65 19 298 190 43 87 36 24 228 173 119 64 452 321 227 37 41 7 738 499 261 22 46 67 439 321 179 158 77 20 305 205 72 99 46 25 233 177 121 65 457 347 255 118 72 8 764 518 271 25 47 69 439 336 220 172 90 21 313 219 101 110 56 27 237 180 123 66 461 373 283 199 103 10 789 536 282 29 49 70 338 267 193 139 74 14 197 112 27 — — — 270 191 — — 332 244 178 58 46 13 540 300 60 — 25 23 362 283 198 147 79 18 205 118 31 — — — 306 199 — — 367 291 222 133 85 28 604 354 103 — 40 42 387 299 202 156 84 22 214 125 35 — — — 343 208 — — 403 337 266 207 123 44 669 408 146 — 56 60 338 267 193 139 74 14 197 112 27 — — — 270 191 — — 332 244 178 58 46 13 540 300 60 — 25 23 362 283 198 147 79 18 205 118 31 — — — 306 199 — — 367 291 222 133 85 28 604 354 103 — 40 42 387 299 202 156 84 22 214 125 35 — — — 343 208 — — 403 337 266 207 123 44 669 408 146 — 56 60 LVTTL 4 mA 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA LVCMOS 4 mA 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA 2.5V 4 mA 8 mA 12 mA 16 mA 1.8V 2 mA 4 mA 6 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA 1.5V 2 mA 4 mA 6 mA 8 mA SSTL_2_CLASS_I 8 mA 12 mA 5–52 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–46. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (Part 2 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (ps/pF) Drive Strength Column I/O Pins Row I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Outputs I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 42 41 40 20 20 20 19 30 29 26 46 67 62 59 57 40 41 43 18 46 67 42 41 40 20 20 20 19 43 42 42 22 22 22 23 33 29 28 47 67 65 62 59 40 42 43 20 47 69 43 42 42 22 22 22 23 45 44 43 24 24 25 26 36 29 29 48 67 68 65 62 41 42 43 21 49 70 45 44 43 24 24 25 26 15 — — 46 47 23 — — — 59 65 71 — — — 28 — — — 25 23 15 — — 46 47 23 — 29 — — 47 49 25 — — — 61 66 71 — — — 32 — — — 40 42 29 — — 47 49 25 — 42 — — 49 51 27 — — — 63 68 72 — — — 36 — — — 56 60 42 — — 49 51 27 — 15 — — 46 47 23 — — — 59 65 71 — — — 28 — — — 25 23 15 — — 46 47 23 — 29 — — 47 49 25 — — — 61 66 71 — — — 32 — — — 40 42 29 — — 47 49 25 — 42 — — 49 51 27 — — — 63 68 72 — — — 36 — — — 56 60 42 — — 49 51 27 — SSTL_2_CLASS_II 16 mA 20 mA 24 mA SSTL_18_ CLASS_I 6 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA SSTL_18_ CLASS_II 16 mA 18 mA 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA 1.8V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 16 mA 18 mA 20 mA 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_I 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA 1.5V_HSTL_ CLASS_II 16 mA DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2 8 mA _CLASS_I 12 mA DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_2 16 mA _CLASS_II 20 mA 24 mA DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_ 18_CLASS_I 6 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA Altera Corporation February 2008 5–53 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–46. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (Part 3 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (ps/pF) Drive Strength Column I/O Pins Row I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Outputs I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 30 29 26 46 67 62 59 57 40 41 43 18 33 29 28 47 67 65 62 59 40 42 43 20 36 29 29 48 67 68 65 62 41 42 43 21 — — 59 65 71 — — — 28 — — — — — 61 66 71 — — — 32 — — — — — 63 68 72 — — — 36 — — — — — 59 65 71 — — — 28 — — — — — 61 66 71 — — — 32 — — — — — 63 68 72 — — — 36 — — — DIFFERENTIAL_SSTL_ 18_CLASS_II 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.8V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_I 1.5V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL_ CLASS_II LVDS RSDS MINI_LVDS SIMPLE_RSDS 1.2V_HSTL 1.2V_ DIFFERENTIAL_HSTL PCI PCI-X LVTTL LVCMOS 2.5V 1.8V 16 mA 18 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA 16 mA 18 mA 20 mA 8 mA 10 mA 12 mA 16 mA — — — — — — — — OCT_25 _OHMS OCT_25 _OHMS OCT_50 _OHMS OCT_50 _OHMS 11 11 11 15 130 130 — — 13 13 346 198 13 13 13 19 132 132 — — 14 14 369 203 16 16 16 23 133 133 — — 14 14 392 209 11 11 11 15 — — 99 99 21 21 324 202 13 13 13 19 — — 120 121 27 27 326 203 15 15 15 23 — — 142 143 33 33 327 204 11 11 11 15 — — 99 99 21 21 324 202 13 13 13 19 — — 120 121 27 27 326 203 15 15 15 23 — — 142 143 33 33 327 204 5–54 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–46. Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (Part 4 of 4) Maximum Output Clock Toggle Rate Derating Factors (ps/pF) Drive Strength Column I/O Pins Row I/O Pins Dedicated Clock Outputs I/O Standard –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 –6 –7 –8 Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade 67 30 69 33 70 36 25 47 42 49 60 51 25 47 42 49 60 51 SSTL_2_CLASS_I SSTL_18_CLASS_I OCT_50 _OHMS OCT_50 _OHMS High Speed I/O Timing Specifications The timing analysis for LVDS, mini-LVDS, and RSDS is different compared to other I/O standards because the data communication is source-synchronous. You should also consider board skew, cable skew, and clock jitter in your calculation. This section provides details on the timing parameters for high-speed I/O standards in Cyclone II devices. Table 5–47 defines the parameters of the timing diagram shown in Figure 5–3. Table 5–47. High-Speed I/O Timing Definitions (Part 1 of 2) Parameter High-speed clock Duty cycle High-speed I/O data rate Time unit interval Channel-to-channel skew Symbol fH S C K L K tD U T Y HSIODR TUI TCCS Description High-speed receiver and transmitter input and output clock frequency. Duty cycle on high-speed transmitter output clock. High-speed receiver and transmitter input and output data rate. TUI = 1/HSIODR. The timing difference between the fastest and slowest output edges, including tCO variation and clock skew. The clock is included in the TCCS measurement. TCCS = TUI – SW – (2 × RSKM) Altera Corporation February 2008 5–55 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–47. High-Speed I/O Timing Definitions (Part 2 of 2) Parameter Sampling window Symbol SW Description The period of time during which the data must be valid in order for you to capture it correctly. Sampling window is the sum of the setup time, hold time, and jitter. The window of tSU + tH is expected to be centered in the sampling window. SW = TUI – TCCS – (2 × RSKM) RSKM is defined by the total margin left after accounting for the sampling window and TCCS. RSKM = (TUI – SW – TCCS) / 2 Peak-to-peak input jitter on high-speed PLLs. Peak-to-peak output jitter on high-speed PLLs. Low-to-high transmission time. High-to-low transmission time. Lock time for high-speed transmitter and receiver PLLs. Receiver input skew margin Input jitter (peak to peak) Output jitter (peak to peak) Signal rise time Signal fall time Lock time RSKM — — tR I S E tFA L L tL O C K Figure 5–3. High-Speed I/O Timing Diagram External Input Clock Time Unit Interval (TUI) Internal Clock TCCS RSKM Sampling Window (SW) RSKM TCCS Receiver Input Data Figure 5–4 shows the high-speed I/O timing budget. 5–56 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Figure 5–4. High-Speed I/O Timing Budget Internal Clock Period Note (1) 0.5 × TCCS RSKM SW RSKM 0.5 × TCCS Note to Figure 5–4: (1) The equation for the high-speed I/O timing budget is: period = TCCS + RSKM + SW + RSKM. Table 5–48 shows the RSDS timing budget for Cyclone II devices at 311 Mbps. RSDS is supported for transmitting from Cyclone II devices. Cyclone II devices cannot receive RSDS data because the devices are intended for applications where they will be driving display drivers. Cyclone II devices support a maximum RSDS data rate of 311 Mbps using DDIO registers. Cyclone II devices support RSDS only in the commercial temperature range. Table 5–48. RSDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol fH S C L K (input clock frequency) –7 Speed Grade Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 80 70 40 20 10 45 –8 Speed Grade Unit Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 80 70 40 20 10 45 Conditions Min ×10 ×8 ×7 ×4 ×2 ×1 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 80 70 40 20 10 45 Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max(1) 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 311 311 311 311 311 311 311 55 Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max(1) 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 311 311 311 311 311 311 311 55 Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max(1) 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 311 311 311 311 311 311 311 55 MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps % Device operation in Mbps ×10 ×8 ×7 ×4 ×2 ×1 tD U T Y — Altera Corporation February 2008 5–57 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–48. RSDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol TCCS Output jitter (peak to peak) tR I S E tF A L L tL O C K Note to Table 5–48: (1) These specifications are for a three-resistor RSDS implementation. For single-resistor RSDS in ×10 through ×2 modes, the maximum data rate is 170 Mbps and the corresponding maximum input clock frequency is 85 MHz. For single-resistor RSDS in ×1 mode, the maximum data rate is 170 Mbps, and the maximum input clock frequency is 170 MHz. For more information about the different RSDS implementations, refer to the High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook. –7 Speed Grade Min — — –8 Speed Grade Unit Min — — Conditions Min — — — — Typ — — Max(1) 200 500 Typ — — Max(1) 200 500 Typ — — Max(1) 200 500 ps ps 20–80%, CL O A D = 5 pF 80–20%, CL O A D = 5 pF — — — — 500 500 — — 100 — — — 500 500 — — 100 — — — 500 500 — — — 100 ps ps μs In order to determine the transmitter timing requirements, RSDS receiver timing requirements on the other end of the link must be taken into consideration. RSDS receiver timing parameters are typically defined as tSU and tH requirements. Therefore, the transmitter timing parameter specifications are tCO (minimum) and tCO (maximum). Refer to Figure 5–4 for the timing budget. The AC timing requirements for RSDS are shown in Figure 5–5. 5–58 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Figure 5–5. RSDS Transmitter Clock to Data Relationship Transmitter Clock (5.88 ns) Channel-to-Channel Skew (1.68 ns) At transmitter tx_data[11..0] Transmitter Valid Data Transmitter Valid Data At receiver rx_data[11..0] Valid Data Total Skew tSU (2 ns) tH (2 ns) Valid Data Table 5–49 shows the mini-LVDS transmitter timing budget for Cyclone II devices at 311 Mbps. Cyclone II devices cannot receive mini-LVDS data because the devices are intended for applications where they will be driving display drivers. A maximum mini-LVDS data rate of 311 Mbps is supported for Cyclone II devices using DDIO registers. Cyclone II devices support mini-LVDS only in the commercial temperature range. Table 5–49. Mini-LVDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol fH S C L K (input clock frequency) –7 Speed Grade Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 –8 Speed Grade Unit Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 Conditions Min ×10 ×8 ×7 ×4 ×2 ×1 10 10 10 10 10 10 Typ — — — — — — Max 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 311 Typ — — — — — — Max 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 311 Typ — — — — — — Max 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 155.5 311 MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz Altera Corporation February 2008 5–59 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–49. Mini-LVDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol Device operation in Mbps –7 Speed Grade Min 100 80 70 40 20 10 45 — — –8 Speed Grade Unit Min 100 80 70 40 20 10 45 — — Conditions Min ×10 ×8 ×7 ×4 ×2 ×1 100 80 70 40 20 10 45 — — Typ — — — — — — — — — Max 311 311 311 311 311 311 55 200 500 Typ — — — — — — — — — Max 311 311 311 311 311 311 55 200 500 Typ — — — — — — — — — Max 311 311 311 311 311 311 55 200 500 Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps % ps ps tD U T Y TCCS Output jitter (peak to peak) tR I S E tF A L L tL O C K — — — 20–80% 80–20% — — — — — — 500 500 100 — — — — — — 500 500 100 — — — — — — 500 500 100 ps ps μs In order to determine the transmitter timing requirements, mini-LVDS receiver timing requirements on the other end of the link must be taken into consideration. The mini-LVDS receiver timing parameters are typically defined as tSU and tH requirements. Therefore, the transmitter timing parameter specifications are tCO (minimum) and tCO (maximum). Refer to Figure 5–4 for the timing budget. The AC timing requirements for mini-LVDS are shown in Figure 5–6. Figure 5–6. mini-LVDS Transmitter AC Timing Specification TUI LVDSCLK[]n LVDSCLK[]p tSU (1) LVDS[]p LVDS[]n tH (2) tSU (1) tH (2) Notes to Figure 5–6: (1) (2) The data setup time, tSU, is 0.225 × TUI. The data hold time, tH, is 0.225 × TUI. 5–60 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Tables 5–50 and 5–51 show the LVDS timing budget for Cyclone II devices. Cyclone II devices support LVDS receivers at data rates up to 805 Mbps, and LVDS transmitters at data rates up to 640 Mbps. Table 5–50. LVDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 1 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol Conditions Min fH S C L K (input clock frequency) ×10 ×8 ×7 ×4 ×2 ×1 10 10 10 10 10 10 –7 Speed Grade Max Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 –8 Speed Grade Max Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max (1) 320 320 320 320 320 402.5 (2) 320 320 320 320 320 402.5 Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max (1) 275 275 275 275 275 402.5 (2) 320 320 320 320 320 402.5 Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max Max Unit (1) 155.5 (4) 155.5 (4) 155.5 (4) 155.5 (4) 155.5 (4) 402.5 (8) 311 (5) 311 (5) 311 (5) 311 (5) 311 (5) 402.5 (9) 55 (2) 320 (6) 320 (6) 320 (6) 320 (6) 320 (6) 402.5 (8) 550 (7) 550 (7) 550 (7) 550 (7) 550 (7) 402.5 (9) MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz HSIODR ×10 100 640 640 100 550 640 100 Mbps ×8 80 640 640 80 550 640 80 Mbps ×7 70 640 640 70 550 640 70 Mbps ×4 40 640 640 40 550 640 40 Mbps ×2 20 640 640 20 550 640 20 Mbps ×1 10 402.5 402.5 10 402.5 402.5 10 Mbps tD U T Y TCCS (3) Output jitter (peak to peak) tR I S E — — — — 45 55 — 160 200 45 55 — 312.5 200 45 — 363.6 200 % ps ps — — — — — — — — — — — — 500 500 550 (10) ps 20–80% 150 200 250 150 200 250 150 200 250 (11) ps Altera Corporation February 2008 5–61 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications Table 5–50. LVDS Transmitter Timing Specification (Part 2 of 2) –6 Speed Grade Symbol Conditions Min tF A L L tL O C K (1) (2) 80–20% 150 –7 Speed Grade Max Min 150 –8 Speed Grade Max Min 150 Typ 200 Max (1) 250 100 (2) Typ 200 Max (1) 250 100 (2) Typ 200 Max Max Unit (1) (2) ps μs 250 (11) 100 (12) — — — — — — — Notes to Table 5–50: The maximum data rate that complies with duty cycle distortion of 45–55%. The maximum data rate when taking duty cycle in absolute ps into consideration that may not comply with 45–55% duty cycle distortion. If the downstream receiver can handle duty cycle distortion beyond the 45–55% range, you may use the higher data rate values from this column. You can calculate the duty cycle distortion as a percentage using the absolute ps value. For example, for a data rate of 640 Mbps (UI = 1562.5 ps) and a tD U T Y of 250 ps, the duty cycle distortion is ± tD U T Y /(UI*2) *100% = ± 250 ps/(1562.5 *2) * 100% = ± 8%, which gives you a duty cycle distortion of 42–58%. (3) The TCCS specification applies to the entire bank of LVDS, as long as the SERDES logic is placed within the LAB adjacent to the output pins. (4) For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for ×10 through ×2 modes is 137.5 MHz. (5) For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for ×10 through ×2 modes is 275 Mbps. (6) For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for ×10 through ×2 modes is 200 MHz. (7) For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for ×10 through ×2 modes is 400 Mbps. (8) For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for ×1 mode is 340 MHz. (9) For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for ×1 mode is 340 Mbps. (10) For extended temperature devices, the maximum output jitter (peak to peak) is 600 ps. (11) For extended temperature devices, the maximum tR I S E and tFA L L are 300 ps. (12) For extended temperature devices, the maximum lock time is 500 us. 5–62 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–51. LVDS Receiver Timing Specification –6 Speed Grade Symbol fH S C L K (input clock frequency) –7 Speed Grade Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 80 70 40 20 10 — — — –8 Speed Grade Unit Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 80 70 40 20 10 — — — Conditions Min ×10 ×8 ×7 ×4 ×2 ×1 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 80 70 40 20 10 — — — Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max 402.5 402.5 402.5 402.5 402.5 402.5 805 805 805 805 805 402.5 300 500 100 Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max 320 320 320 320 320 402.5 640 640 640 640 640 402.5 400 500 100 Typ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Max 320 (1) 320 (1) 320 (1) 320 (1) 320 (1) 402.5 (3) 640 (2) 640 (2) 640 (2) 640 (2) 640 (2) 402.5 (4) 400 550 100 (5) MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps ps ps ps HSIODR ×10 ×8 ×7 ×4 ×2 ×1 SW Input jitter tolerance tL O C K (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) — — — Notes to Table 5–51: For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for x10 through x2 modes is 275 MHz. For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for x10 through x2 modes is 550 Mbps. For extended temperature devices, the maximum input clock frequency for x1 mode is 340 MHz. For extended temperature devices, the maximum data rate for x1 mode is 340 Mbps. For extended temperature devices, the maximum lock time is 500 us. External Memory Interface Specifications Table 5–52 shows the DQS bus clock skew adder specifications. Table 5–52. DQS Bus Clock Skew Adder Specifications Mode ×9 ×18 Note to Table 5–52: (1) This skew specification is the absolute maximum and minimum skew. For example, skew on a ×9 DQ group is 155 ps or ±77.5 ps. DQS Clock Skew Adder 155 190 Unit ps ps Altera Corporation February 2008 5–63 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications JTAG Timing Specifications Figure 5–7 shows the timing requirements for the JTAG signals. Figure 5–7. Cyclone II JTAG Waveform TMS TDI t JCP t JCH TCK tJPZX TDO tJSSU Signal to be Captured Signal to be Driven tJSH t JPCO t JPXZ t JCL t JPSU t JPH tJSZX tJSCO tJSXZ 5–64 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–53 shows the JTAG timing parameters and values for Cyclone II devices. Table 5–53. Cyclone II JTAG Timing Parameters and Values Symbol tJ C P tJ C H tJ C L tJ P S U tJ P H tJ P C O tJ P Z X tJ P X Z tJ S S U tJ S H tJ S C O tJ S Z X tJ S X Z (1) (2) Parameter TCK clock period TCK clock high time TCK clock low time JTAG port setup time (2) JTAG port hold time JTAG port clock to output (2) JTAG port high impedance to valid output (2) JTAG port valid output to high impedance (2) Capture register setup time (2) Capture register hold time Update register clock to output Update register high impedance to valid output Update register valid output to high impedance Min 40 20 20 5 10 — — — 5 10 — — — Max — — — — — 13 13 13 — — 25 25 25 Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Notes to Table 5–53: This information is preliminary. This specification is shown for 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS and 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS operation of the JTAG pins. For 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS and 1.5-V LVCMOS, the JTAG port and capture register clock setup time is 3 ns and port clock to output time is 15 ns. 1 Cyclone II devices must be within the first 17 devices in a JTAG chain. All of these devices have the same JTAG controller. If any of the Cyclone II devices are in the 18th position or after they will fail configuration. This does not affect the SignalTap® II logic analyzer. f For more information on JTAG, refer to the IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing for Cyclone II Devices chapter in the Cyclone II Handbook. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–65 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Timing Specifications PLL Timing Specifications Table 5–54 describes the Cyclone II PLL specifications when operating in the commercial junction temperature range (0° to 85° C), the industrial junction temperature range (–40° to 100° C), the automotive junction temperature range (–40° to 125° C), and the extended temperature range (–40° to 125° C). Follow the PLL specifications for –8 speed grade devices when operating in the industrial, automotive, or extended temperature range. Table 5–54. PLL Specifications Note (1) (Part 1 of 2) Symbol fI N Parameter Input clock frequency (–6 speed grade) Input clock frequency (–7 speed grade) Input clock frequency (–8 speed grade) Min 10 10 10 10 10 10 40 — 10 10 10 10 10 10 45 — — — — Typ — — — — — — — 200 — — — — — — — — — — — Max (4) (4) (4) 402.5 402.5 402.5 60 — (4) (4) (4) 500 450 402.5 55 300 30 100 (6) ±60 Unit MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz % ps MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz % ps mUI μs ps fI N P F D PFD input frequency (–6 speed grade) PFD input frequency (–7 speed grade) PFD input frequency (–8 speed grade) fI N D U T Y tI N J I T T E R (5) fO U T _ E X T (external clock output) Input clock duty cycle Input clock period jitter PLL output frequency (–6 speed grade) PLL output frequency (–7 speed grade) PLL output frequency (–8 speed grade) fO U T (to global clock) PLL output frequency (–6 speed grade) PLL output frequency (–7 speed grade) PLL output frequency (–8 speed grade) tO U T D U T Y tJ I T T E R (p-p) (2) Duty cycle for external clock output (when set to 50%) Period jitter for external clock output fO U T _ E X T > 100 MHz fO U T _ E X T ≤100 MHz tL O C K tPLL_PSERR Time required to lock from end of device configuration Accuracy of PLL phase shift 5–66 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–54. PLL Specifications Note (1) (Part 2 of 2) Symbol fV C O (3) tA R E S E T Notes to Table 5–54: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) These numbers are preliminary and pending silicon characterization. The tJITTER specification for the PLL[4..1]_OUT pins are dependent on the I/O pins in its VCCIO bank, how many of them are switching outputs, how much they toggle, and whether or not they use programmable current strength. If the VCO post-scale counter = 2, a 300- to 500-MHz internal VCO frequency is available. This parameter is limited in the Quartus II software by the I/O maximum frequency. The maximum I/O frequency is different for each I/O standard. Cyclone II PLLs can track a spread-spectrum input clock that has an input jitter within ±200 ps. For extended temperature devices, the maximum lock time is 500 us. Parameter PLL internal VCO operating range Minimum pulse width on areset signal. Min 300 10 Typ — — Max 1,000 — Unit MHz ns Duty Cycle Distortion Duty cycle distortion (DCD) describes how much the falling edge of a clock is off from its ideal position. The ideal position is when both the clock high time (CLKH) and the clock low time (CLKL) equal half of the clock period (T), as shown in Figure 5–8. DCD is the deviation of the non-ideal falling edge from the ideal falling edge, such as D1 for the falling edge A and D2 for the falling edge B (Figure 5–8). The maximum DCD for a clock is the larger value of D1 and D2. Figure 5–8. Duty Cycle Distortion Ideal Falling Edge CLKH = T/2 D1 D2 CLKL = T/2 Falling Edge A Falling Edge B Clock Period (T) DCD expressed in absolution derivation, for example, D1 or D2 in Figure 5–8, is clock-period independent. DCD can also be expressed as a percentage, and the percentage number is clock-period dependent. DCD as a percentage is defined as: Altera Corporation February 2008 5–67 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Duty Cycle Distortion (T/2 – D1) / T (the low percentage boundary) (T/2 + D2) / T (the high percentage boundary) DCD Measurement Techniques DCD is measured at an FPGA output pin driven by registers inside the corresponding I/O element (IOE) block. When the output is a single data rate signal (non-DDIO), only one edge of the register input clock (positive or negative) triggers output transitions (Figure 5–9). Therefore, any DCD present on the input clock signal, or caused by the clock input buffer, or different input I/O standard, does not transfer to the output signal. Figure 5–9. DCD Measurement Technique for Non-DDIO (Single-Data Rate) Outputs IOE DFF D Q output clk However, when the output is a double data rate input/output (DDIO) signal, both edges of the input clock signal (positive and negative) trigger output transitions (Figure 5–10). Therefore, any distortion on the input clock and the input clock buffer affect the output DCD. 5–68 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Figure 5–10. DCD Measurement Technique for DDIO (Double-Data Rate) Outputs DFF PRN clk INPUT VCC GND D Q CLRN 1 0 output VCC DFF PRN D Q CLRN When an FPGA PLL generates the internal clock, the PLL output clocks the IOE block. As the PLL only monitors the positive edge of the reference clock input and internally re-creates the output clock signal, any DCD present on the reference clock is filtered out. Therefore, the DCD for a DDIO output with PLL in the clock path is better than the DCD for a DDIO output without PLL in the clock path. Tables 5–55 through 5–58 give the maximum DCD in absolution derivation for different I/O standards on Cyclone II devices. Examples are also provided that show how to calculate DCD as a percentage. Table 5–55. Maximum DCD for Single Data Outputs (SDR) on Row I/O Pins Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Row I/O Output Standard LVCMOS LVTTL 2.5-V 1.8-V 1.5-V SSTL-2 Class I SSTL-2 Class II SSTL-18 Class I HSTL-15 Class I HSTL-18 Class I C6 165 195 120 115 130 60 65 90 145 85 C7 230 255 120 115 130 90 75 165 145 155 C8 230 255 135 175 135 90 75 165 205 155 Unit ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Altera Corporation February 2008 5–69 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Duty Cycle Distortion Table 5–55. Maximum DCD for Single Data Outputs (SDR) on Row I/O Pins Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Row I/O Output Standard Differential SSTL-2 Class I Differential SSTL-2 Class II Differential SSTL-18 Class I Differential HSTL-18 Class I Differential HSTL-15 Class I LVDS Simple RSDS Mini LVDS PCI PCI-X Notes to Table 5–55: (1) (2) The DCD specification is characterized using the maximum drive strength available for each I/O standard. Numbers are applicable for commercial, industrial, and automotive devices. C6 60 65 90 85 145 60 60 60 195 195 C7 90 75 165 155 145 60 60 60 255 255 C8 90 75 165 155 205 60 60 60 255 255 Unit ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Here is an example for calculating the DCD as a percentage for an SDR output on a row I/O on a –6 device: If the SDR output I/O standard is SSTL-2 Class II, the maximum DCD is 65 ps (refer to Table 5–55). If the clock frequency is 167 MHz, the clock period T is: T = 1/ f = 1 / 167 MHz = 6 ns = 6000 ps To calculate the DCD as a percentage: (T/2 – DCD) / T = (6000 ps/2 – 65 ps) / 6000 ps = 48.91% (for low boundary) (T/2 + DCD) / T = (6000 ps/2 + 65 ps) / 6000ps = 51.08% (for high boundary Table 5–56. Maximum DCD for SDR Output on Column I/O Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Column I/O Output Standard LVCMOS LVTTL C6 195 210 C7 285 305 C8 285 305 Unit ps ps 5–70 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications Table 5–56. Maximum DCD for SDR Output on Column I/O Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Column I/O Output Standard 2.5-V 1.8-V 1.5-V SSTL-2 Class I SSTL-2 Class II SSTL-18 Class I SSTL-18 Class II HSTL-18 Class I HSTL-18 Class II HSTL-15 Class I HSTL-15 Class II Differential SSTL-2 Class I Differential SSTL-2 Class II Differential SSTL-18 Class I Differential SSTL-18 Class II Differential HSTL-18 Class I Differential HSTL-18 Class II Differential HSTL-15 Class I Differential HSTL-15 Class II LVDS Simple RSDS Mini-LVDS Notes to Table 5–56: (1) (2) The DCD specification is characterized using the maximum drive strength available for each I/O standard. Numbers are applicable for commercial, industrial, and automotive devices. C6 140 115 745 60 60 60 60 60 75 150 135 60 60 60 60 60 75 150 135 60 60 60 C7 140 115 745 60 60 130 135 115 75 150 135 60 60 130 135 115 75 150 135 60 70 60 C8 155 165 770 75 80 130 135 115 100 150 155 75 80 130 135 115 100 150 155 60 70 60 Unit ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Table 5–57. Maximum for DDIO Output on Row Pins with PLL in the Clock Path Notes (1), (2) (Part 1 of 2) Row Pins with PLL in the Clock Path LVCMOS LVTTL 2.5-V 1.8-V C6 270 285 180 165 C7 310 305 180 175 C8 310 335 220 205 Unit ps ps ps ps Altera Corporation February 2008 5–71 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Duty Cycle Distortion Table 5–57. Maximum for DDIO Output on Row Pins with PLL in the Clock Path Notes (1), (2) (Part 2 of 2) Row Pins with PLL in the Clock Path 1.5-V SSTL-2 Class I SSTL-2 Class II SSTL-18 Class I HSTL-18 Class I HSTL-15 Class I Differential SSTL-2 Class I Differential SSTL-2 Class II Differential SSTL-18 Class I Differential HSTL-18 Class I Differential HSTL-15 Class I LVDS Simple RSDS Mini LVDS PCI PCI-X Notes to Table 5–57: (1) (2) The DCD specification is characterized using the maximum drive strength available for each I/O standard. Numbers are applicable for commercial, industrial, and automotive devices. C6 280 150 155 180 180 205 150 155 180 180 205 95 100 95 285 285 C7 280 190 200 240 235 220 190 200 240 235 220 110 155 110 305 305 C8 280 230 230 260 235 220 230 230 260 235 220 120 155 120 335 335 Unit ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps For DDIO outputs, you can calculate actual half period from the following equation: Actual half period = ideal half period – maximum DCD For example, if the DDR output I/O standard is SSTL-2 Class II, the maximum DCD for a –5 device is 155 ps (refer to Table 5–57). If the clock frequency is 167 MHz, the half-clock period T/2 is: T/2 = 1/(2* f )= 1 /(2*167 MHz) = 3 ns = 3000 ps 5–72 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications The actual half period is then = 3000 ps – 155 ps = 2845 ps Table 5–58. Maximum DCD for DDIO Output on Column I/O Pins with PLL in the Clock Path Notes (1), (2) Column I/O Pins in the Clock Path LVCMOS LVTTL 2.5-V 1.8-V 1.5-V SSTL-2 Class I SSTL-2 Class II SSTL-18 Class I SSTL-18 Class II HSTL-18 Class I HSTL-18 Class II HSTL-15 Class I HSTL-15 Class II Differential SSTL-2 Class I Differential SSTL-2 Class II Differential SSTL-18 Class I Differential SSTL-18 Class II Differential HSTL-18 Class I Differential HSTL-18 Class II Differential HSTL-15 Class I Differential HSTL-15 Class II LVDS Simple RSDS Mini-LVDS Notes to Table 5–58: (1) (2) The DCD specification is characterized using the maximum drive strength available for each I/O standard. Numbers are applicable for commercial, industrial, and automotive devices. C6 285 305 175 190 605 125 195 130 135 135 165 220 190 125 195 130 132 135 165 220 190 110 125 110 C7 400 405 195 205 645 210 195 240 270 240 240 335 210 210 195 240 270 240 240 335 210 120 125 120 C8 445 460 285 260 645 245 195 245 330 240 285 335 375 245 195 245 330 240 285 335 375 125 275 125 Unit ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps Altera Corporation February 2008 5–73 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Referenced Documents Referenced Documents This chapter references the following documents: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Cyclone II Architecture chapter in Cyclone II Device Handbook High-Speed Differential Interfaces in Cyclone II Devices chapter of the Cyclone II Device Handbook IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing for Cyclone II Devices chapter in the Cyclone II Handbook Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet PowerPlay Early Power Estimator User Guide PowerPlay Power Analysis chapters in volume 3 of the Quartus II Handbook Document Revision History Table 5–59 shows the revision history for this document. Table 5–59. Document Revision History Date and Document Version February 2008 v4.0 ● Changes Made Updated the following tables with I/O timing numbers for automotive-grade devices: Tables 5–2, 5–12, 5–13, 5–15, 5–16, 5–17, 5–18, 5–19, 5–21, 5–22, 5–23, 5–25, 5–26, 5–27, 5–28, 5–36, 5–37, 5–40, 5–41, 5–42, 5–43, 5–55, 5–56, 5–57, and 5–58. Added “Referenced Documents”. Updated Table 5–3. Summary of Changes Added I/O timing numbers for automotive-grade devices. ● April 2007 v3.2 ● Updated RCONF typical and maximum values in Table 5–3. 5–74 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 DC Characteristics and Timing Specifications February 2007 v3.1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Added document revision history. Added VCCA minimum and maximum limitations in Table 5–1. Updated Note (1) in Table 5–2. Updated the maximum VCC rise time for Cyclone II “A” devices in Table 5–2. Updated RCONF information in Table 5–3. Changed VI to Ii in Table 5–3. Updated LVPECL clock inputs in Note (6) to Table 5–8. Updated Note (1) to Table 5–12. Updated CV R E F capacitance description in Table 5–13. Updated “Timing Specifications” section. Updated Table 5–45. Added Table 5–46 with information on toggle rate derating factors. Corrected calculation of the period based on a 640 Mbps data rate as 1562.5 ps in Note (2) to Table 5–50. Updated “PLL Timing Specifications” section. Updated VCO range of 300–500 MHz in Note (3) to Table 5–54. Updated chapter with extended temperature information. — December 2005 Updated PLL Timing Specifications v2.2 November 2005 Updated technical content throughout. v2.1 July 2005 v2.0 Updated technical content throughout. — — — — — November 2004 Updated the “Differential I/O Standards” section. v1.1 Updated Table 5–54. June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. Altera Corporation February 2008 5–75 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Document Revision History 5–76 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2008 6. Reference & Ordering Information CII51006-1.4 Software Cyclone® II devices are supported by the Altera® Quartus® II design software, which provides a comprehensive environment for system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) design. The Quartus II software includes HDL and schematic design entry, compilation and logic synthesis, full simulation and advanced timing analysis, SignalTap® II logic analyzer, and device configuration. See the Quartus II Handbook for more information on the Quartus II software features. The free Quartus II Web Edition software, available at www.Altera.com, supports Microsoft Windows XP and Windows 2000. The full version of Quartus II software is available through the Altera subscription program. The full version of Quartus II software supports all Altera devices, is available for Windows XP, Windows 2000, Sun Solaris, and Red Hat Linux operating systems, and includes a free suite of popular IP MegaCore® functions for DSP applications and interfacing to external memory devices. Quartus II software and Quartus II Web Edition software support seamless integration with your favorite third party EDA tools. Device Pin-Outs Ordering Information Device pin-outs for Cyclone II devices are available on the Altera web site (www.altera.com). For more information contact Altera Applications. Figure 6–1 describes the ordering codes for Cyclone II devices. For more information on a specific package, contact Altera Applications. Altera Corporation February 2007 6–1 Document Revision History Figure 6–1. Cyclone II Device Packaging Ordering Information EP2C Family Signature EP2C: Cyclone II 70 A F 324 C 7 ES Optional Suffix Indicates specific device options or shipment method. ES: Engineering sample N: Lead-free devices Speed Grade Fast-On Indicates devices with fast POR (Power on Reset) time. 6, 7, or 8, with 6 being the fastest Device Type 5 8 15 20 35 50 70 Operating Temperature C: Commercial temperature (tJ = 0° C to 85° C) I: Industrial temperature (tJ = -40° C to 100° C) Package Type T: Q: F: U: Thin quad flat pack (TQFP) Plastic quad flat pack (PQFP) FineLine BGA Ultra FineLine BGA Pin Count Number of pins for a particular package Document Revision History Table 6–1 shows the revision history for this document. Table 6–1. Document Revision History Date & Document Version February 2007 v1.5 ● ● Changes Made Added document revision history. Updated Figure 6–1. ● Summary of Changes Added Ultra FineLine BGA detail in UBGA Package information in Figure 6–1. November 2005 Updated software introduction. v1.2 November 2004 Updated Figure 6–1. v1.1 June 2004 v1.0 Added document to the Cyclone II Device Handbook. 6–2 Cyclone II Device Handbook, Volume 1 Altera Corporation February 2007