PRELIMINARY
Am186 EM/EMLV and Am188 EM/EMLV
TM
TM
High Performance, 80C186-/80C188-Compatible and
80L186-/80L188-Compatible, 16-Bit Embedded Microcontrollers
DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
TM
n E86 family 80C186- and 80C188-compatible
microcontrollers with enhanced bus interface
— Lower system cost with higher performance
— 3.3- V ±.3 -V ope ra tio n (A m1 86E MLV and
Am188EMLV microcontrollers)
n High performance
— 20-, 25-, 33-, and 40-MHz operating frequencies
— Supports zero-wait-state operation at 25 MHz
with 110-ns static memory (Am186TMEMLV and
Am188 TM EMLV microcontrollers) and 40 MHz
with 70-ns static memory (Am186 TM EM and
Am188TMEM microcontrollers)
— 1-Mbyte memory address space
— 64-Kbyte I/O space
n New features provide faster access to memory and
remove the requirement for a 2x clock input
— Nonmultiplexed address bus
— Phase-locked loop (PLL) allows processor to
operate at the clock input frequency
n New integrated peripherals provide increased
functionality while reducing system cost
— Thirty-two programmable I/O (PIO) pins
n
n
n
n
— Asynchronous serial port allows full-duplex, 7-bit
or 8-bit data transfers
— Synchronous serial interface allows half-duplex,
bidirectional data transfer to and from ASICs
— Pseudo static RAM (PSRAM) controller includes
auto refresh capability
— Reset configuration register
Familiar 80C186/80L186 peripherals
— Two independent DMA channels
— Programmable interrupt controller with six
external interrupts
— Three programmable 16-bit timers—timer 1 can
be used as a watchdog interrupt timer
— Programmable memory and peripheral
chip-select logic
— Programmable wait state generator
— Power-save clock divider
Software-compatible with the 80C186/80C188
and 80L186 /80L188 microcontrollers
Widely available native development tools,
applications, and system software
Available in the following packages:
— 100-pin, thin quad flat pack (TQFP)
— 100-pin, plastic quad flat pack (PQFP)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Am186TMEM/EMLV and Am188TMEM/EMLV microcontrollers are the ideal upgrade for 80C186/188 and
80L186/188 microcontroller designs requiring 80C186/
188 and 80L186/188 microcontroller compatibility, increased performance, serial communications, and a direct bus interface. The Am186EM/EMLV and
Am188EM/EMLV microcontrollers increase the performance of existing 80C186/188 and 80L186/188 systems while decreasing their cost.
The Am186EM/EMLV and Am188EM/EMLV microcontrollers are part of the AMD E86 family of embedded microcontrollers and microprocessors based on the x86
architecture. The E86 family includes the 16- and 32-bit microcontrollers and microprocessors described on page 8
The Am186EM/EMLV and Am188EM/EMLV microcontrollers integrate the functions of the CPU, nonmultiplexed address bus, timers, chip selects, interrupt
controller, DMA controller, PSRAM controller, asynchronous serial port, synchronous serial interface, and programmable I/O (PIO) pins on one chip. Compared to the
80C186/188 and 80L186/188 microcontrollers, the
Am186EM/EMLV and Am188EM/EMLV microcontrollers enable designers to reduce the size, power consumption, and cost of embedded systems, while
increasing functionality and performance.
The Am186EM/EMLV and Am188EM/EMLV microcontrollers have been designed to meet the most common
requirements of embedded products developed for the
office automation, mass storage, communications, and
general embedded markets. Specific applications include disk drives, hand-held terminals and desktop terminals, fax machines, printers, photocopiers, feature
phones, cellular phones, PBXs, multiplexers, modems,
and industrial controls.
This document contains information on a product under development at Advanced Micro Devices. The information
is intended to help you evaluate this product. AMD reserves the right to change or discontinue work on this proposed
product without notice.
Publication# 19168 Rev: E Amendment/0
Issue Date: February 1997
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Am186EM MICROCONTROLLER BLOCK DIAGRAM
INT2/INTA0
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
CLKOUTA
INT1/SELECT
INT4
TMROUT0
INT0
CLKOUTB
TMRIN0
NMI
VCC
Interrupt
Control Unit
GND
Control
Registers
TMRIN1
Timer Control
Unit
0
1 (WDT)
Max Count B
Registers
Max Count A
Registers
16-Bit Count
Registers
Control
Registers
X2
X1
Clock and
Power
Management
Unit
TMROUT1
DRQ1
DMA
Unit
2
0
1
20-Bit Source
Pointers
20-Bit Destination
Pointers
16-Bit Count
Registers
Control
Registers
Control
Registers
Control
Registers
DRQ0
RES
Control
Registers
ARDY
SRDY
Refresh
Control
Unit
PSRAM
Control
Unit
Control
Registers
Bus
Interface
Unit
DEN
Asynchronous
Serial Port
HOLD
Chip-Select
Unit
Execution
Unit
PIO31–
PIO0*
Control
Registers
S2–S0
DT/R
PIO
Unit
TXD
RXD
Control
Registers
HLDA
S6/
CLKDIV2
UZI
Synchronous Serial
Interface
RD
WHB
A19–A0
WLB
AD15–AD0
WR
BHE/ADEN
SCLK
PCS6/A2
LCS/ONCE0
SDATA
SDEN0 SDEN1
PCS5/A1
MCS3/RFSH
MCS2–MCS0
PCS3–PCS0
UCS/ONCE1
ALE
Note:
* All PIO signals are shared with other physical pins. See the pin descriptions beginning on page 25 and Table 2 on page 30 for
information on shared functions.
2
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Am188EM MICROCONTROLLER BLOCK DIAGRAM
INT2/INTA0
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
CLKOUTA
INT1/SELECT
INT4
TMROUT0
INT0
CLKOUTB
TMRIN0
NMI
VCC
Interrupt
Control Unit
GND
Control
Registers
TMRIN1
Timer Control
Unit
0
1 (WDT)
Max Count B
Registers
Max Count A
Registers
16-Bit Count
Registers
Control
Registers
X2
X1
Clock and
Power
Management
Unit
TMROUT1
DRQ1
DMA
Unit
2
0
1
20-Bit Source
Pointers
20-Bit Destination
Pointers
16-Bit Count
Registers
Control
Registers
Control
Registers
Control
Registers
DRQ0
RES
Control
Registers
PSRAM
Control
Unit
Refresh
Control
Unit
ARDY
SRDY
Control
Registers
PIO
Unit
Control
Registers
Asynchronous
Serial Port
S2–S0
DT/R
Bus
Interface
Unit
DEN
HOLD
Chip-Select
Unit
Execution
Unit
PIO31–
PIO0*
TXD
RXD
Control
Registers
HLDA
S6/
CLKDIV2
UZI
Synchronous Serial
Interface
RD
A19–A0
SCLK
PCS6/A2
LCS/ONCE0
AO15–AO8
WB
AD7–AD0
WR
RFSH2/ADEN
SDATA
SDEN0 SDEN1
PCS5/A1
MCS3/RFSH
MCS2–MCS0
PCS3–PCS0
UCS/ONCE1
ALE
Note:
* All PIO signals are shared with other physical pins. See the pin descriptions beginning on page 25 and Table 2 on page 30 for
information on shared functions.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
3
P R E L I M I N A R Y
ORDERING INFORMATION
Standard Products
AMD standard products are available in several packages and operating ranges. The order numbers (valid combinations) are
formed by a combination of the elements below.
Am186EM
V
–40
C
\W
LEAD FORMING
\W=Trimmed and Formed
TEMPERATURE RANGE
C=EM Commercial (TC =0°C to +100°C)
C=EMLV Commercial (TA =0°C to +70°C)
I=EM Industrial (TA =–40°C to +85°C) (5-V only)
Where:
TC = case temperature
TA = ambient temperature
PACKAGE TYPE
V=100-pin, thin quad flat pack (TQFP)
K=100-pin, plastic quad flat pack (PQFP)
SPEED OPTION
–20 = 20 MHz
–25 = 25 MHz
–33 = 33 MHz
–40 = 40 MHz
DEVICE NUMBER/DESCRIPTION
Am186EM High-Performance, 80C186-Compatible,
16-Bit Embedded Microcontroller
Am188EM High-Performance, 80C188-Compatible,
16-Bit Embedded Microcontroller
Am186EMLV High-Performance, 80L186-Compatible,
Low-Voltage, 16-Bit Embedded Microcontroller
Am188EMLV High-Performance, 80L188-Compatible,
Low-Voltage, 16-Bit Embedded Microcontroller
Valid Combinations
4
Valid Combinations
Valid combinations list configurations planned to be
supported in volume for this device. Consult the local
AMD sales office to confirm availability of specific valid
combinations and to check on newly released combinations.
Am186EM–20
Am186EM–25
Am186EM–33
Am186EM–40
VC\W or
KC\W
Am188EM–20
Am188EM–25
Am188EM–33
Am188EM–40
VC\W or
KC\W
Am186EM–20
Am186EM–25
KI\W
Notes:
1. The Am186EM and Am188EM industrial
microcontrollers, as well as the Am186EMLV and
Am188EMLV commercial microcontrollers, are
available in 20- and 25-MHz operating
frequencies only.
Am188EM–20
Am188EM–25
KI\W
2. The Am186EM and Am188EM industrial
microcontrollers are not offered in a low-voltage
operating range.
Am186EMLV–20
Am186EMLV–25
VC\W or
KC\W
Am188EMLV–20
Am188EMLV–25
VC\W or
KC\W
3. The Am186EM, Am188EM, Am186EMLV, and
Am188EMLV microcontrollers are all functionally
the same except for their DC characteristics and
available frequencies.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Distinctive Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 1
General Description ..................................................................................................................... 1
Am186EM Microcontroller Block Diagram .................................................................................... 2
Am188EM Microcontroller Block Diagram .................................................................................... 3
Ordering Information .................................................................................................................... 4
Related AMD Products ................................................................................................................ 8
Key Features and Benefits ........................................................................................................ 10
TQFP Connection Diagrams and Pinouts .................................................................................. 11
PQFP Connection Diagrams and Pinouts ................................................................................. 17
Logic Symbol—Am186EM Microcontroller ................................................................................ 23
Logic Symbol—Am188EM Microcontroller ................................................................................ 24
Pin Descriptions
Pins that Are Used by Emulators ................................................................................... 25
A19–A0 ........................................................................................................................... 25
AD7–AD0 ....................................................................................................................... 25
AD15–AD8 (Am186EM Microcontroller) ......................................................................... 25
AO15–AO8 (Am188EM Microcontroller) ........................................................................ 25
ALE ................................................................................................................................ 25
ARDY ............................................................................................................................. 25
BHE/ADEN (Am186EM Microcontroller Only) ............................................................... 26
CLKOUTA ...................................................................................................................... 26
CLKOUTB ...................................................................................................................... 26
DEN/PIO5 ...................................................................................................................... 26
DRQ1–DRQ0 .................................................................................................................. 26
DT/R/PIO4 ..................................................................................................................... 26
GND ............................................................................................................................... 27
HLDA ............................................................................................................................. 27
HOLD ............................................................................................................................. 27
INT0 ............................................................................................................................... 27
INT1/SELECT ................................................................................................................ 27
INT2/INTA0/PIO31 ......................................................................................................... 27
INT3/INTA1/IRQ ............................................................................................................. 27
INT4/PIO30 .................................................................................................................... 28
LCS/ONCE0 ................................................................................................................... 28
MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 ....................................................................................................... 28
MCS2–MCS0 .................................................................................................................. 28
NMI ................................................................................................................................ 28
PCS3–PCS0 ................................................................................................................... 29
PCS5/A1/PIO3 ............................................................................................................... 29
PCS6/A2/PIO2 ............................................................................................................... 29
PIO31–PIO0 (Shared) .................................................................................................... 29
RD .................................................................................................................................. 31
RES ................................................................................................................................ 31
RFSH2/ADEN (Am188EM Microcontroller Only) ........................................................... 31
RXD/PIO28 .................................................................................................................... 31
S2–S0 ............................................................................................................................ 31
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29 ....................................................................................................... 31
SCLK/PIO20 .................................................................................................................. 32
SDATA/PIO21 ................................................................................................................ 32
SDEN1/PIO23, SDEN0/PIO22 ....................................................................................... 32
SRDY/PIO6 .................................................................................................................... 32
TMRIN0/PIO11 .............................................................................................................. 32
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
5
P R E L I M I N A R Y
TMRIN1/PIO0 ................................................................................................................ 32
TMROUT0/PIO10 .......................................................................................................... 32
TMROUT1/PIO1 ............................................................................................................ 32
TXD/PIO27 ..................................................................................................................... 32
UCS/ONCE1 .................................................................................................................. 32
UZI/PIO26 ...................................................................................................................... 33
VCC ................................................................................................................................. 33
WHB (Am186EM Microcontroller Only) ......................................................................... 33
WLB (Am186EM Microcontroller Only) ........................................................................... 33
WB (Am188EM Microcontroller Only) ............................................................................ 33
WR ................................................................................................................................. 33
X1 ................................................................................................................................... 33
X2 ................................................................................................................................... 33
Functional Description ............................................................................................................... 34
Bus Operation ............................................................................................................................ 35
Bus Interface Unit ....................................................................................................................... 37
Peripheral Control Block (PCB) ................................................................................................. 38
Clock and Power Management .................................................................................................. 41
Chip-Select Unit.......................................................................................................................... 43
Refresh Control Unit .................................................................................................................. 45
Interrupt Control Unit ................................................................................................................. 45
Timer Control Unit ...................................................................................................................... 46
Direct Memory Access (DMA) ................................................................................................... 46
Asynchronous Serial Port .......................................................................................................... 48
Synchronous Serial Interface ..................................................................................................... 48
Programmable I/O (PIO) Pins .................................................................................................... 50
Absolute Maximum Ratings ....................................................................................................... 51
Operating Ranges ...................................................................................................................... 51
DC Characteristics Over Commercial Operating Range ........................................................... 51
Commercial Switching Characteristics and Waveforms ............................................................ 60
6
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Example System Design ........................................................................................ 10
Two-Component Address ...................................................................................... 34
Am186EM Microcontroller Address Bus—Normal Read and Write Operation ...... 35
Am186EM Microcontroller—Read and Write with Address Bus
Disable In Effect ..................................................................................................... 36
Am188EM Microcontroller Address Bus—Normal Read and Write Operation ...... 36
Am188EM Microcontroller—Read and Write with Address Bus
Disable In Effect ..................................................................................................... 37
Peripheral Control Block Register Map .................................................................. 39
Am186EM and Am188EM Microcontrollers Oscillator Configurations ................... 41
Clock Organization ................................................................................................ 42
DMA Unit Block Diagram ....................................................................................... 47
Synchronous Serial Interface Multiple Write .......................................................... 49
Synchronous Serial Interface Multiple Read .......................................................... 49
Typical ICC Versus Frequency for the Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV ................ 53
Typical ICC Versus Frequency for the Am186EM and Am188EM ......................... 53
Thermal Resistance(°C/Watt) ................................................................................ 54
Thermal Characteristics Equations ........................................................................ 54
Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with 2-Layer Board ............................... 56
Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with 2-Layer Board ............................... 57
Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with 4-Layer to 6-Layer Board ............. 58
Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with 4-Layer to 6-Layer Board .............. 59
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Data Byte Encoding ............................................................................................... 26
Numeric PIO Pin Assignments .............................................................................. 30
Alphabetic PIO Pin Assignments ........................................................................... 30
Bus Cycle Encoding ............................................................................................... 31
Segment Register Selection Rules ........................................................................ 34
Am186EM Microcontroller Maximum DMA Transfer Rates ................................... 46
Typical Power Consumption Calculation for the
Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV ............................................................................ 53
Thermal Characteristics (°C/Watt) ......................................................................... 54
Typical Power Consumption Calculation ............................................................... 55
Junction Temperature Calculation ......................................................................... 55
Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with 2-Layer Board ............................... 56
Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with 2-Layer Board ............................... 57
Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with 4-Layer to 6-Layer Board ............. 58
Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with 4-Layer to 6-Layer Board .............. 59
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
7
P R E L I M I N A R Y
K86™
Future
Microprocessors
AMD-K5™
Microprocessor
AT Peripheral
Microcontrollers
Am486DX
Microprocessor
186 Peripheral
Microcontrollers
32-bit Future
ÉlanSC400
Microcontroller
Am386SX/DX
Microprocessors
Am186ER and
Am188ER
Microcontrollers
ÉlanSC310
Microcontroller
Am186 and
Am188 Future
Am186ES and
Am188ES
Microcontrollers
ÉlanSC300
Microcontroller
80C186 and 80C188
Microcontrollers
Am486
Future
Am186EM and
Am188EM
Microcontrollers
Am186ESLV &
Am188ESLV
Microcontrollers
Am186EMLV &
Am188EMLV
Microcontrollers
80L186 and 80L188
Microcontrollers
Time
The E86 Family of Embedded Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
RELATED AMD PRODUCTS
E86™ Family Devices
Device
80C186
80C188
80L186
80L188
Am186EM
Am188EM
Am186EMLV
Am188EMLV
Description
16-bit microcontroller
16-bit microcontroller with 8-bit external data bus
Low-voltage, 16-bit microcontroller
Low-voltage, 16-bit microcontroller with 8-bit external data bus
High-performance, 80C186-compatible, 16-bit embedded microcontroller
High-performance, 80C188-compatible, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 8-bit external data bus
High-performance, 80C186-compatible, low-voltage, 16-bit embedded microcontroller
High-performance, 80C188-compatible, low-voltage, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 8-bit
external data bus
Am186ES
High-performance, 80C186-compatible, 16-bit embedded microcontroller
Am188ES
High-performance, 80C188-compatible, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 8-bit external data bus
Am186ESLV High-performance, 80C186-compatible, low-voltage, 16-bit embedded microcontroller
Am188ESLV High-performance, 80C188-compatible, low-voltage, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 8-bit
external data bus
Am186ER
High-performance, 80C186-compatible, low-voltage, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 32 Kbyte
of internal RAM
Am188ER
High-performance, 80C188-compatible, low-voltage, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 8-bit external data bus and 32 Kbyte of internal RAM
Élan™SC300 High-performance, highly integrated, low-voltage, 32-bit embedded microcontroller
ÉlanSC310 High-performance, single-chip, 32-bit embedded PC/AT microcontroller
ÉlanSC400 Single-chip, low-power, PC/AT-compatible microcontroller
Am386®DX
Am386SX
High-performance, 32-bit embedded microprocessor with 32-bit external data bus
High-performance, 32-bit embedded microprocessor with 16-bit external data bus
Am486®DX
High-performance, 32-bit embedded microprocessor with 32-bit external data bus
8
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Related Documents
Corporate Applications Hotline
The following documents provide additional information regarding the Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers.
800-222-9323
Toll-free for U.S. and
Canada
44-(0) 1276-803-299
U.K. and Europe hotline
n The Am186EM and Am188EM Microcontrollers
User’s Manual, order# 19713
World Wide Web Home Page and FTP Site
n The Am186 and Am188 Family Instruction Set
Manual, order# 21267
To a c c e s s t h e A M D h o m e pa g e g o t o h tt p : / /
www.amd.com.
n The FusionE86SM Catalog, order# 19255
To downl oad d ocu ments and s oftwar e, ftp t o
ftp.amd.com and log on as anonymous using your
E-mail address as a password. Or via your web
browser, go to ftp://ftp.amd.com.
Third-Party Development
Support Products
The FusionE86 Program of Partnerships for Application Solutions provides the customer with an array of
products designed to meet critical time-to-market
needs. Products and solutions available from the AMD
FusionE86 partners include emulators, hardware and
software debuggers, board-level products, and software development tools, among others.
In addition, mature development tools and applications
for the x86 platform are widely available in the general
marketplace.
Customer Service
Questions, requests, and input concerning AMD’s
WWW pages can be sent via E-mail to
webmaster@amd.com.
Documentation and Literature
Free E86 family information such as data books, user’s
man ual s , data sh eets , ap pl ic ati on n otes , th e
FusionE86 Partner Solutions Catalog, and other literature is available with a simple phone call. Internationally, contact your local AMD sales office for complete
E86 family literature.
The AMD customer service network includes U.S. offices, international offices, and a customer training center. Expert technical assistance is available from the
AMD worldwide staff of field application engineers and
factory support staff who can answer E86 family hardware and software development questions.
800-222-9323
Toll-free for U.S. and
Canada
512-602-5651
Direct dial worldwide
Hotline and World Wide Web Support
800-222-9323
AMD Facts-On-Demand™
fax information service,
toll-free for U.S. and Canada
Literature Ordering
For answers to technical questions, AMD provides a
toll-free number for direct access to our corporate applications hotline. Also available is the AMD World
Wide Web home page and FTP site, which provides
the latest E86 family product information, including
technical information and data on upcoming product releases.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
9
P R E L I M I N A R Y
KEY FEATURES AND BENEFITS
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers extend
the AMD family of microcontrollers based on the industry-standard x86 architecture. The Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers are higher-performance,
more integrated versions of the 80C186/188 microprocessors, offering a migration path that was previously
unava ilabl e. Upgr adi ng to the Am 186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers is an attractive solution for
several reasons:
n Minimized total system cost—New peripherals and
on-chip system interface logic on the Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers reduce the cost of existing
80C186/188 designs.
n X86 software compatibility—80C186/188-compatible and upward-compatible with the other members of the AMD E86 family.
n Enhanced performance—The Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers increase the performance of 80C186/188 systems, and the demultiplexed address bus offers faster, unbuffered access
to memory.
n Enhanced functionality—The new and enhanced
on-chip peripherals of the Am186EM and Am188EM
microcontrollers include an asynchronous serial
port, 32 PIOs, a watchdog timer, an additional interrupt pin, a synchronous serial interface, a PSRAM
controller, a 16-bit reset configuration register, and
enhanced chip-select functionality.
Application Considerations
The integration enhancements of the Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers provide a high-performance, low-system-cost solution for 16-bit embedded
microcontroller designs. The nonmultiplexed address
bus eliminates the need for system-support logic to interface memory devices, while the multiplexed address/data bus maintains the value of previously
engineered, customer-specific peripherals and circuits
within the upgraded design.
Figure 1 illustrates an example system design that
uses the integrated peripheral set to achieve high performance with reduced system cost.
dress latch enable (ALE) signal is no longer needed.
Individual byte-write-enable signals are provided to
eliminate the need for external high/low byte-write-enable circuitry. The maximum bank size that is programmable for the memory chip-select signals has been
increased to facilitate the use of high-density memory
devices.
The improved memory timing specifications for the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers allow no
wait-state operation with 70-ns memory access times
at a 40-MHz CPU clock speed. This reduces overall
system cost significantly by allowing the use of a more
commonly available memory speed and technology.
Direct Memory Interface Example
Figure 1 illustrates the Am186EM microcontroller direct
memory interface. The processor A19–A0 bus connects to the memory address inputs, the AD bus connects to the data inputs and outputs, and the chip
selects connect to the memory chip-select inputs.
The RD output connects to the SRAM Output Enable
(OE) pin for read operations. Write operations use the byte
write enables connected to the SRAM Write Enable (WE)
pins.
The example design uses 2-Mbit memory technology
(256 Kbytes) to fully populate the available address
space. Two flash PROM devices provide 512 Kbytes of
nonvolatile program storage and two static RAM devices provide 512 Kbytes of data storage area.
Figure 1 also shows an implementation of an RS-232
console or modem communications port. The RS-232to-CMOS voltage-level converter is required for the
electrical interface with the external device.
Am186EM
Microcontroller
X2
X1
40-MHz
Crystal
WHB
WLB
A19–A0
AD15–AD0
Clock Generation
The integrated clock generation circuitry of the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers allows the
use of a times-one crystal frequency. The design in
Figure 1 achieves 40-MHz CPU operation while using
a 40-MHz crystal.
10
WE
WE
Address
Data
RD
OE
UCS
CS
Static RAM
WE
Serial Port
RS-232
Level
Converter
WE
TXD
Address
RXD
Data
Memory Interface
The integrated memory controller logic of the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provides a
direct address bus interface to memory devices. The
use of an external address latch controlled by the ad-
Flash PROM
OE
LCS
Figure 1.
CS
Example System Design
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
RES
GND
MCS3/ RFSH
MCS2
VCC
PCS 0
PCS 1
GND
PCS 2
PCS 3
VCC
PCS 5/A1
PCS 6/A2
LCS / ONCE 0
UCS / ONCE1
INT0
INT1/ SELECT
INT2/INTA0
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
76
84
TMROUT1
TMRIN1
96
95
DRQ0
DRQ1
TMRIN0
TMROUT0
100
99
98
97
TQFP CONNECTION DIAGRAMS AND PINOUTS
Am186EM Microcontroller
Top Side View—100-Pin Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP)
AD0
AD8
1
75
INT4
2
74
AD1
AD9
3
4
MCS1
MCS0
AD2
AD10
5
6
73
72
71
70
DEN
DT/R
NMI
AD3
AD11
7
8
AD4
AD12
9
10
69
68
67
SRDY
HOLD
HLDA
66
AD5
GND
11
12
AD13
AD6
13
14
65
64
63
WLB
WHB
GND
A0
62
A1
61
60
59
VCC
A2
A3
58
A4
57
56
55
A5
A6
A7
54
A8
53
52
51
A9
A10
A11
VCC
AD14
15
16
AD7
AD15
17
18
S6/CLKDIV2
19
20
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
CLKOUTB
GND
A19
A18
VCC
A17
A16
A15
A14
A13
A12
32
33
S2
S1
VCC
CLKOUTA
30
31
SCLK
BHE/ADEN
WR
RD
ALE
ARDY
36
37
25
34
35
SDEN0
S0
23
24
26
27
SDATA
SDEN1
GND
X1
X2
21
22
28
29
UZI
TXD
RXD
Am186EM Microcontroller
Note:
Pin 1 is marked for orientation.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
11
P R E L I M I N A R Y
TQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS—Am186EM Microcontroller
(Sorted by Pin Number)
Pin No. Name
12
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
1
AD0
26
SCLK/PIO20
51
A11
76
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
2
AD8
27
BHE/ADEN
52
A10
77
INT2/INTA0
3
AD1
28
WR
53
A9
78
INT1/SELECT
4
AD9
29
RD
54
A8
79
INT0
5
AD2
30
ALE
55
A7
80
UCS/ONCE1
6
AD10
31
ARDY
56
A6
81
LCS/ONCE0
7
AD3
32
S2
57
A5
82
PCS6/A2/PIO2
8
AD11
33
S1
58
A4
83
PCS5/A1/PIO3
9
AD4
34
S0
59
A3
84
VCC
10
AD12
35
GND
60
A2
85
PCS3/PIO19
11
AD5
36
X1
61
VCC
86
PCS2/PIO18
12
GND
37
X2
62
A1
87
GND
13
AD13
38
VCC
63
A0
88
PCS1/PIO17
14
AD6
39
CLKOUTA
64
GND
89
PCS0/PIO16
15
VCC
40
CLKOUTB
65
WHB
90
VCC
16
AD14
41
GND
66
WLB
91
MCS2
17
AD7
42
A19/PIO9
67
HLDA
92
MCS3/RFSH
18
AD15
43
A18/PIO8
68
HOLD
93
GND
19
S6/CKLDIV2/PIO29
44
VCC
69
SRDY/PIO6
94
RES
20
UZI/PIO26
45
A17/PIO7
70
NMI
95
TMRIN1/PIO0
21
TXD
46
A16
71
DT/R/PIO4
96
TMROUT1/PIO1
22
RXD
47
A15
72
DEN/PIO5
97
TMROUT0/PIO10
23
SDATA/PIO21
48
A14
73
MCS0/PIO14
98
TMRIN0/PIO11
24
SDEN1/PIO23
49
A13
74
MCS1/PIO15
99
DRQ1/PIO13
25
SDEN0/PIO22
50
A12
75
INT4
100
DRQ0/PIO12
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
TQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS—Am186EM Microcontroller
(Sorted by Pin Name)
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
A0
63
AD5
11
GND
93
S2
32
A1
62
AD6
14
HLDA
67
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29
19
A2
60
AD7
17
HOLD
68
SCLK/PIO20
26
A3
59
AD8
2
INT0
79
SDATA/PIO21
23
A4
58
AD9
4
INT1/SELECT
78
SDEN0/PIO22
25
A5
57
AD10
6
INT2/INTA0
77
SDEN1/PIO23
24
A6
56
AD11
8
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
76
SRDY/PIO6
69
A7
55
AD12
10
INT4
75
TMRIN0/PIO11
98
A8
54
AD13
13
LCS/ONCE0
81
TMRIN1/PIO0
95
A9
53
AD14
16
MCS0/PIO14
73
TMROUT0/PIO10
97
A10
52
AD15
18
MCS1/PIO15
74
TMROUT1/PIO1
96
A11
51
ALE
30
MCS2
91
TXD
21
A12
50
ARDY
31
MCS3/RFSH
92
UCS/ONCE1
80
A13
49
BHE/ADEN
27
NMI
70
UZI/PIO26
20
A14
48
CLKOUTA
39
PCS0/PIO16
89
VCC
15
A15
47
CLKOUTB
40
PCS1/PIO17
88
VCC
38
A16
46
DEN/PIO5
72
PCS2/PIO18
86
VCC
44
A17/PIO7
45
DRQ0/PIO12
100
PCS3/PIO19
85
VCC
61
A18/PIO8
43
DRQ1/PIO13
99
PCS5/A1/PIO3
83
VCC
84
A19/PIO9
42
DT/R/PIO4
71
PCS6/A2/PIO2
82
VCC
90
AD0
1
GND
12
RD
29
WHB
65
AD1
3
GND
35
RES
94
WLB
66
AD2
5
GND
41
RXD
22
WR
28
AD3
7
GND
64
S0
34
X1
36
AD4
9
GND
87
S1
33
X2
37
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
13
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PCS 5/A1
PCS 6/A2
LCS / ONCE 0
83
82
81
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
GND
PCS 2
PCS 3
VCC
76
PCS 1
87
86
85
UCS / ONCE1
PCS 0
88
INT0
INT1/ SELECT
INT2/INTA0
MCS2
VCC
91
90
89
79
78
77
MCS3/ RFSH
92
80
RES
GND
94
93
84
TMROUT1
TMRIN1
96
95
DRQ0
DRQ1
TMRIN0
TMROUT0
100
99
98
97
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Am188EM Microcontroller
Top Side View—100-Pin Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP)
AD0
AO8
1
75
INT4
2
74
AD1
AO9
3
4
MCS1
MCS0
AD2
AO10
5
6
73
72
71
70
DEN
DT/R
NMI
AD3
AO11
7
8
AD4
AO12
9
10
69
68
67
SRDY
HOLD
HLDA
66
AD5
GND
11
12
AO13
AD6
13
14
65
64
63
WB
GND
GND
A0
62
A1
VCC
AO14
15
16
AD7
AO15
17
18
61
60
59
VCC
A2
A3
58
A4
S6/CLKDIV2
19
20
57
56
55
A5
A6
A7
54
A8
53
52
51
A9
A10
A11
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
VCC
CLKOUTA
CLKOUTB
GND
A19
A18
VCC
A17
A16
A15
A14
A13
A12
34
35
S0
32
33
S2
S1
GND
X1
X2
30
31
25
28
29
SDEN0
26
23
24
27
SDATA
SDEN1
SCLK
21
22
RFSH2/ADEN
WR
RD
ALE
ARDY
UZI
TXD
RXD
Am188EM Microcontroller
Note:
Pin 1 is marked for orientation.
14
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
TQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS—Am188EM Microcontroller
(Sorted by Pin Number)
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
1
AD0
26
SCLK/PIO20
51
A11
76
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
2
AO8
27
RFSH2/ADEN
52
A10
77
INT2/INTA0/PIO31
3
AD1
28
WR
53
A9
78
INT1/SELECT
4
AO9
29
RD
54
A8
79
INT0
5
AD2
30
ALE
55
A7
80
UCS/ONCE1
6
AO10
31
ARDY
56
A6
81
LCS/ONCE0
7
AD3
32
S2
57
A5
82
PCS6/A2/PIO2
8
AO11
33
S1
58
A4
83
PCS5/A1/PIO3
9
AD4
34
S0
59
A3
84
VCC
10
AO12
35
GND
60
A2
85
PCS3/PIO19
11
AD5
36
X1
61
VCC
86
PCS2/PIO18
12
GND
37
X2
62
A1
87
GND
13
AO13
38
VCC
63
A0
88
PCS1/PIO17
14
AD6
39
CLKOUTA
64
GND
89
PCS0/PIO16
15
VCC
40
CLKOUTB
65
GND
90
VCC
16
AO14
41
GND
66
WB
91
MCS2/PIO24
17
AD7
42
A19/PIO9
67
HLDA
92
MCS3/RFSH/PIO25
18
AO15
43
A18/PIO8
68
HOLD
93
GND
19
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29
44
VCC
69
SRDY/PIO6
94
RES
20
UZI/PIO26
45
A17/PIO7
70
NMI
95
TMRIN1/PIO0
21
TXD/PIO27
46
A16
71
DT/R/PIO4
96
TMROUT1/PIO1
22
RXD/PIO28
47
A15
72
DEN/PIO5
97
TMROUT0/PIO10
23
SDATA/PIO21
48
A14
73
MCS0/PIO14
98
TMRIN0/PIO11
24
SDEN1/PIO23
49
A13
74
MCS1/PIO15
99
DRQ1/PIO13
25
SDEN0/PIO22
50
A12
75
INT4/PIO30
100
DRQ0/PIO12
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
15
P R E L I M I N A R Y
TQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS—Am188EM Microcontroller
(Sorted by Pin Name)
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
A0
63
AD5
11
GND
93
S1
33
A1
62
AD6
14
HLDA
67
S2
32
A2
60
AD7
17
HOLD
68
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29
19
A3
59
ALE
30
INT0
79
SCLK/PIO20
26
A4
58
AO8
2
INT1/SELECT
78
SDATA/PIO21
23
A5
57
AO9
4
INT2/INTA0/PIO31
77
SDEN0/PIO22
25
A6
56
AO10
6
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
76
SDEN1/PIO23
24
A7
55
AO11
8
INT4/PIO30
75
SRDY/PIO6
69
A8
54
AO12
10
LCS/ONCE0
81
TMRIN0/PIO11
98
A9
53
AO13
13
MCS0/PIO14
73
TMRIN1/PIO0
95
A10
52
AO14
16
MCS1/PIO15
74
TMROUT0/PIO10
97
A11
51
AO15
18
MCS2/PIO24
91
TMROUT1/PIO1
96
A12
50
ARDY
31
MCS3/RFSH/PIO25
92
TXD/PIO27
21
A13
49
CLKOUTA
39
NMI
70
UCS/ONCE1
80
A14
48
CLKOUTB
40
PCS0/PIO16
89
UZI/PIO26
20
A15
47
DEN/PIO5
72
PCS1/PIO17
88
VCC
15
A16
46
DRQ0/PIO12
100
PCS2/PIO18
86
VCC
38
A17/PIO7
45
DRQ1/PIO13
99
PCS3/PIO19
85
VCC
44
A18/PIO8
43
DT/R/PIO4
71
PCS5/A1/PIO3
83
VCC
61
A19/PIO9
42
GND
12
PCS6/A2/PIO2
82
VCC
84
AD0
1
GND
35
RD
29
VCC
90
AD1
3
GND
41
RES
94
WB
66
AD2
5
GND
64
RFSH2/ADEN
27
WR
28
AD3
7
GND
65
RXD/PIO28
22
X1
36
AD4
9
GND
87
S0
34
X2
37
16
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
81
AD10
AD2
AD9
83
82
AD11
AD3
85
84
AD12
AD4
87
86
GND
AD5
89
88
AD6
VCC
92
AD13
AD7
AD14
94
90
AD15
95
91
S6/CLKDIV 2
96
93
UZI
97
98
50
47
NMI
DT/R
49
46
SRDY
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
AD1
AD8
AD0
DRQ0
DRQ1
TMRIN0
TMROUT0
TMROUT1
TMRIN1
RES
GND
MCS3/RFSH
MCS2
VCC
PCS0
PCS1
GND
PCS2
PCS3
VCC
PCS5/A1
PCS6/A2
LCS/ONCE0
UCS/ONCE1
INT0
INT1/SELECT
INT2/INTA0
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
INT4
MCS1
DEN
MCS0
45
48
44
HLDA
HOLD
43
42
WHB
WLB
41
40
A0
GND
39
38
A3
A2
VCC
A1
36
37
35
A4
Am186EM Microcontroller
34
X1
X2
VCC
CLKOUTA
CLKOUTB
GND
A19
A18
VCC
A17
A16
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
33
S0
GND
A5
S2
S1
A6
ARDY
32
RD
ALE
31
BHE/ADEN
WR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
A8
A7
SDEN1
SDEN0
SCLK
99
100
SDATA
RXD
TXD
PQFP CONNECTION DIAGRAMS AND PINOUTS
Am186EM Microcontroller
Top Side View—100-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP)
Note:
Pin 1 is marked for orientation.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
17
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS—Am186EM Microcontroller
(Sorted by Pin Number)
Pin No. Name
18
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
1
SDEN1/PIO23
26
A13
51
MCS1/PIO15
76
DRQ1/PIO13
2
SDEN0/PIO22
27
A12
52
INT4/PIO30
77
DRQ0/PIO12
3
SCLK/PIO20
28
A11
53
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
78
AD0
4
BHE/ADEN
29
A10
54
INT2/INTA0/PIO31
79
AD8
5
WR
30
A9
55
INT1/SELECT
80
AD1
6
RD
31
A8
56
INT0
81
AD9
7
ALE
32
A7
57
UCS/ONCE1
82
AD2
8
ARDY
33
A6
58
LCS/ONCE0
83
AD10
9
S2
34
A5
59
PCS6/A2/PIO2
84
AD3
10
S1
35
A4
60
PCS5/A1/PIO3
85
AD11
11
S0
36
A3
61
VCC
86
AD4
12
GND
37
A2
62
PCS3/PIO19
87
AD12
13
X1
38
VCC
63
PCS2/PIO18
88
AD5
14
X2
39
A1
64
GND
89
GND
15
VCC
40
A0
65
PCS1/PIO17
90
AD13
16
CLKOUTA
41
GND
66
PCS0/PIO16
91
AD6
17
CLKOUTB
42
WHB
67
VCC
92
VCC
18
GND
43
WLB
68
MCS2/PIO24
93
AD14
19
A19/PIO9
44
HLDA
69
MCS3/RFSH/PIO25
94
AD7
20
A18/PIO8
45
HOLD
70
GND
95
AD15
21
VCC
46
SRDY/PIO6
71
RES
96
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29
22
A17/PIO7
47
NMI
72
TMRIN1/PIO0
97
UZI/PIO26
23
A16
48
DT/R/PIO4
73
TMROUT1/PIO1
98
TXD/PIO27
24
A15
49
DEN/PIO5
74
TMROUT0/PIO10
99
RXD/PIO28
25
A14
50
MCS0/PIO14
75
TMRIN0/PIO11
100
SDATA/PIO21
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS—Am186EM Microcontroller
(Sorted by Pin Name)
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
A0
40
AD5
88
GND
89
S2
9
A1
39
AD6
91
HLDA
44
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29
96
A2
37
AD7
94
HOLD
45
SCLK/PIO20
3
A3
36
AD8
79
INT0
56
SDATA/PIO21
100
A4
35
AD9
81
INT1/SELECT
55
SDEN0/PIO22
2
A5
34
AD10
83
INT2/INTA0/PIO31
54
SDEN1/PIO23
1
A6
33
AD11
85
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
53
SRDY/PIO6
46
A7
32
AD12
87
INT4/PIO30
52
TMRIN0/PIO11
75
A8
31
AD13
90
LCS/ONCE0
58
TMRIN1/PIO0
72
A9
30
AD14
93
MCS0/PIO14
50
TMROUT0/PIO10
74
A10
29
AD15
95
MCS1/PIO15
51
TMROUT1/PIO1
73
A11
28
ALE
7
MCS2/PIO24
68
TXD/PIO27
98
A12
27
ARDY
8
MCS3/RFSH/PIO25
69
UCS/ONCE1
57
A13
26
BHE/ADEN
4
NMI
47
UZI/PIO26
97
A14
25
CLKOUTA
16
PCS0/PIO16
66
VCC
15
A15
24
CLKOUTB
17
PCS1/PIO17
65
VCC
21
A16
23
DEN/PIO5
49
PCS2/PIO18
63
VCC
38
A17/PIO7
22
DRQ0/PIO12
77
PCS3/PIO19
62
VCC
61
A18/PIO8
20
DRQ1/PIO13
76
PCS5/A1/PIO3
60
VCC
67
A19/PIO9
19
DT/R/PIO4
48
PCS6/A2/PIO2
59
VCC
92
AD0
78
GND
12
RD
6
WHB
42
AD1
80
GND
18
RES
71
WLB
43
AD2
82
GND
41
RXD/PIO28
99
WR
5
AD3
84
GND
64
S0
11
X1
13
AD4
86
GND
70
S1
10
X2
14
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
No.
19
P R E L I M I N A R Y
50
47
NMI
DT/R
49
46
SRDY
DEN
MCS0
45
48
44
HLDA
HOLD
43
42
GND
WB
41
40
A0
GND
39
38
A3
A2
VCC
A1
36
37
35
A4
Note:
Pin 1 is marked for orientation.
20
81
AD10
AD2
AD9
83
82
AD11
AD3
85
84
AD12
AD4
87
86
GND
AD5
89
88
AD6
VCC
92
AD13
AD7
AD14
94
90
AD15
95
91
S6/CLKDIV 2
96
93
UZI
97
98
Am188EM Microcontroller
34
X1
X2
VCC
CLKOUTA
CLKOUTB
GND
A19
A18
VCC
A17
A16
A15
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
33
S0
GND
A5
S2
S1
A6
ARDY
32
RD
ALE
31
RFSH2/ADEN
WR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
A8
A7
SDEN1
SDEN0
SCLK
99
100
SDATA
RXD
TXD
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Am188EM Microcontroller
Top Side View—100-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP)
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
AD1
AD8
AD0
DRQ0
DRQ1
TMRIN0
TMROUT0
TMROUT1
TMRIN1
RES
GND
MCS3/RFSH
MCS2
VCC
PCS0
PCS1
GND
PCS2
PCS3
VCC
PCS5/A1
PCS6/A2
LCS/ONCE0
UCS/ONCE1
INT0
INT1/SELECT
INT2/INTA0
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
INT4
MCS1
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS—Am188EM Microcontroller
(Sorted by Pin Number)
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
Pin No. Name
1
SDEN1/PIO23
26
A13
51
MCS1/PIO15
76
DRQ1/PIO13
2
SDEN0/PIO22
27
A12
52
INT4/PIO30
77
DRQ0/PIO12
3
SCLK/PIO20
28
A11
53
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
78
AD0
4
RFSH2/ADEN
29
A10
54
INT2/INTA0/PIO31
79
AO8
5
WR
30
A9
55
INT1/SELECT
80
AD1
6
RD
31
A8
56
INT0
81
AO9
7
ALE
32
A7
57
UCS/ONCE1
82
AD2
8
ARDY
33
A6
58
LCS/ONCE0
83
AO10
9
S2
34
A5
59
PCS6/A2/PIO2
84
AD3
10
S1
35
A4
60
PCS5/A1/PIO3
85
AO11
11
S0
36
A3
61
VCC
86
AD4
12
GND
37
A2
62
PCS3/PIO19
87
AO12
13
X1
38
VCC
63
PCS2/PIO18
88
AD5
14
X2
39
A1
64
GND
89
GND
15
VCC
40
A0
65
PCS1/PIO17
90
AO13
16
CLKOUTA
41
GND
66
PCS0/PIO16
91
AD6
17
CLKOUTB
42
GND
67
VCC
92
VCC
18
GND
43
WB
68
MCS2/PIO24
93
AO14
19
A19/PIO9
44
HLDA
69
MCS3/RFSH/PIO25
94
AD7
20
A18/PIO8
45
HOLD
70
GND
95
AO15
21
VCC
46
SRDY/PIO6
71
RES
96
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29
22
A17/PIO7
47
NMI
72
TMRIN1/PIO0
97
UZI/PIO26
23
A16
48
DT/R/PIO4
73
TMROUT1/PIO1
98
TXD/PIO27
24
A15
49
DEN/PIO5
74
TMROUT0/PIO10
99
RXD/PIO28
25
A14
50
MCS0/PIO14
75
TMRIN0/PIO11
100
SDATA/PIO21
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
21
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS—Am188EM Microcontroller
(Sorted by Pin Name)
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
Pin Name
No.
A0
40
AD5
88
GND
89
S1
10
A1
39
AD6
91
HLDA
44
S2
9
A2
37
AD7
94
HOLD
45
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29
96
A3
36
ALE
7
INT0
56
SCLK/PIO20
3
A4
35
AO8
79
INT1/SELECT
55
SDATA/PIO21
100
A5
34
AO9
81
INT2/INTA0/PIO31
54
SDEN0/PIO22
2
A6
33
AO10
83
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
53
SDEN1/PIO23
1
A7
32
AO11
85
INT4/PIO30
52
SRDY/PIO6
46
A8
31
AO12
87
LCS/ONCE0
58
TMRIN0/PIO11
75
A9
30
AO13
90
MCS0/PIO14
50
TMRIN1/PIO0
72
A10
29
AO14
93
MCS1/PIO15
51
TMROUT0/PIO10
74
A11
28
AO15
95
MCS2/PIO24
68
TMROUT1/PIO1
73
A12
27
ARDY
8
MCS3/RFSH/PIO25
69
TXD/PIO27
98
A13
26
CLKOUTA
16
NMI
47
UCS/ONCE1
57
A14
25
CLKOUTB
17
PCS0/PIO16
66
UZI/PIO26
97
A15
24
DEN/PIO5
49
PCS1/PIO17
65
VCC
15
A16
23
DRQ0/PIO12
77
PCS2/PIO18
63
VCC
21
A17/PIO7
22
DRQ1/PIO13
76
PCS3/PIO19
62
VCC
38
A18/PIO8
20
DT/R/PIO4
48
PCS5/A1/PIO3
60
VCC
61
A19/PIO9
19
GND
12
PCS6/A2/PIO2
59
VCC
67
AD0
78
GND
18
RD
6
VCC
92
AD1
80
GND
41
RES
71
WB
43
AD2
82
GND
42
RFSH2/ADEN
4
WR
5
AD3
84
GND
64
RXD/PIO28
99
X1
13
AD4
86
GND
70
S0
11
X2
14
22
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
LOGIC SYMBOL—Am186EM MICROCONTROLLER
X1
RES
X2
INT4
*
Clocks
CLKOUTA
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
CLKOUTB
INT2/INTA0
*
Reset Control and
Interrupt Service
INT1/SELECT
INT0
*
Address and
Address/Data Buses
20
A19–A0
16
AD15–AD0
*
S6/CLKDIV2
*
UZI
NMI
PCS6/A2
*
PCS5/A1
3
ALE
PCS3–PCS0
S2–S0
LCS/ONCE0
HOLD
MCS3/RFSH
HLDA
MCS2–MCS0
RD
UCS/ONCE1
*
4
*
Memory and
Peripheral Control
*
3
*
WR
Bus Control
*
DT/R
*
DEN
ARDY
SRDY
*
BHE/ADEN
WHB
2
WLB
Timer Control
Programmable
I/O Control
*
TMRIN0
*
TMROUT0
*
TMRIN1
*
TMROUT1
*
DMA Control
TXD
*
RXD
*
Asynchronous
Serial Port Control
SDEN1–SDEN0
32
shared
**
DRQ1–DRQ0
PIO32–PIO0
2
*
SCLK
*
SDATA
*
Synchronous
Serial Port Control
Notes:
* These signals are the normal function of a pin that can be used as a PIO. See the pin descriptions beginning on page 25 and
Table 2 on page 30 for information on shared function.
** All PIO signals are shared with other physical pins.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
23
P R E L I M I N A R Y
LOGIC SYMBOL—Am188EM MICROCONTROLLER
X1
RES
X2
INT4
*
Clocks
CLKOUTA
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
CLKOUTB
INT2/INTA0
*
Reset Control and
Interrupt Service
INT1/SELECT
INT0
*
Address and
Address/Data Buses
20
A19–A0
8
AO15–AO8
8
AD7–AD0
*
S6/CLKDIV2
*
UZI
NMI
PCS6/A2
PCS5/A1
PCS3–PCS0
ALE
3
S2–S0
HOLD
HLDA
*
*
4
*
Memory and
Peripheral Control
LCS/ONCE0
MCS3/RFSH
MCS2–MCS0
*
3
*
UCS/ONCE1
RD
WR
Bus Control
*
DT/R
*
DEN
ARDY
SRDY
*
RFSH2/ADEN
WB
Timer Control
Programmable
I/O Control
*
TMRIN0
*
TMROUT0
*
TMRIN1
*
TMROUT1
**
DMA Control
TXD
*
RXD
*
Asynchronous
Serial Port Control
SDEN1–SDEN0
32
shared
PIO31–PIO0
2
*
DRQ1–DRQ0
2
*
SCLK
*
SDATA
*
Synchronous
Serial Port Control
Notes:
* These signals are the normal function of a pin that can be used as a PIO. See the pin descriptions beginning on page 25 and
Table 2 on page 30 for information on shared function.
** All PIO signals are shared with other physical pins.
24
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Pins That Are Used by Emulators
The following pins are used by emulators: A19–A0,
AO15–AO8, AD7–AD0, ALE, BHE/ADEN (on the
Am186EM), CLKOUTA, R F S H 2/A D E N (on the
Am188EM), RD, S2–S0, S6/CLKDIV2, and UZI.
During a power-on reset, the address and data bus
pins (AD15–AD0 for the 186, AO15–AO8 and AD7–
AD0 for the 188) can also be used to load system configuration information into the internal reset configuration register.
Emulators require that S6/CLKDIV2 and UZI be configured in their normal functionality, that is as S6 and UZI.
AD15–AD8 (Am186EM Microcontroller)
AO15–AO8 (Am188EM Microcontroller)
If BHE/ADEN (on the 186) or RFSH2/ADEN (on the 188)
is held Low during the rising edge of RES, S6 and UZI are
configured in their normal functionality.
Address and Data Bus (input/output, three-state,
synchronous, level-sensitive)
Address-Only Bus (output, three-state,
synchronous, level-sensitive)
Pin Terminology
The following terms are used to describe the pins:
Input—An input-only pin.
Output—An output-only pin.
Input/Output—A pin that can be either input or output.
Synchronous—Synchronous inputs must meet setup
and hold times in relation to CLKOUTA. Synchronous
outputs are synchronous to CLKOUTA.
Asynchronous—Inputs or outputs that are
asynchronous to CLKOUTA.
A19–A0
(A19/PIO9, A18/PIO8, A17/PIO7)
Address Bus (output, three-state, synchronous)
These pins supply nonmultiplexed memory or I/O addresses to the system one-half of a CLKOUTA period
earlier than the multiplexed address and data bus
(AD15–AD0 on the 186 or AO15–AO8 and AD7–AD0
on the 188). During a bus hold or reset condition, the
address bus is in a high-impedance state.
AD7–AD0
Address and Data Bus (input/output, three-state,
synchronous, level-sensitive)
These time-multiplexed pins supply partial memory or
I/O addresses, as well as data, to the system. This bus
supplies the low-order 8 bits of an address to the system during the first period of a bus cycle (t1), and it supplies data to the system during the remaining periods of
that cycle (t2, t3, and t4).
The address phase of these pins can be disabled. See
the ADEN description with the BHE/ADEN pin. When
WLB is negated, these pins are three-stated during t2,
t3, and t4.
During a bus hold or reset condition, the address and
data bus is in a high-impedance state.
AD15–AD8—On the Am186EM microcontroller, these
time-multiplexed pins supply memory or I/O addresses
and data to the system. This bus can supply an address to the system during the first period of a bus cycle
(t1). It supplies data to the system during the remaining
periods of that cycle (t2, t3, and t4).
The address phase of these pins can be disabled. See
the ADEN description with the BHE/ADEN pin. When
WHB is negated, these pins are three-stated during t2, t3,
and t4.
During a bus hold or reset condition, the address and
data bus is in a high-impedance state.
During a power-on reset, the address and data bus
pins (AD15–AD0 for the 186, AO15–AO8 and AD7–
AD0 for the 188) can also be used to load system configuration information into the internal reset configuration register.
AO15–AO8—On the Am188EM microcontroller, the
address-only bus (AO15–AO8) contains valid highorder address bits from bus cycles t1–t4. These outputs
are floated during a bus hold or reset.
On the Am188EM microcontroller, AO15–AO8 combine with AD7–AD0 to form a complete multiplexed address bus while AD7–AD0 is the 8-bit data bus.
ALE
Address Latch Enable (output, synchronous)
This pin indicates to the system that an address appears on the address and data bus (AD15–AD0 for the
186 or AO15–AO8 and AD7–AD0 for the 188). The address is guaranteed valid on the trailing edge of ALE.
This pin is three-stated during ONCE mode. This pin is
not three-stated during a bus hold or reset.
ARDY
Asynchronous Ready (input, asynchronous,
level-sensitive)
This pin indicates to the microcontroller that the addressed memory space or I/O device will complete a
data transfer. The ARDY pin accepts a rising edge that
is asynchronous to CLKOUTA and is active High. The
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
25
P R E L I M I N A R Y
falling edge of ARDY must be synchronized to CLKOUTA. To always assert the ready condition to the microcontroller, tie ARDY High. If the system does not
use ARDY, tie the pin Low to yield control to SRDY.
BHE/ADEN
(Am186EM Microcontroller Only)
Bus High Enable (three-state, output, synchronous)
Address Enable (input, internal pullup)
BHE—During a memory access, this pin and the leastsignificant address bit (AD0 or A0) indicate to the system which bytes of the data bus (upper, lower, or both)
participate in a bus cycle. The BHE/ADEN and AD0
pins are encoded as shown in Table 1.
BHE is asserted during t 1 and remains asserted
through t3 and tW. BHE does not need to be latched.
BHE floats during bus hold and reset.
On the Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers,
WLB and WHB implement the functionality of BHE and
AD0 for high and low byte write enables.
Table 1. Data Byte Encoding
BHE
AD0 Type of Bus Cycle
0
0
Word Transfer
0
1
High Byte Transfer (Bits 15–8)
1
0
Low Byte Transfer (Bits 7–0)
1
1
Refresh
BHE/ADEN also signals DRAM refresh cycles when
using the multiplexed address and data (AD) bus. A refresh cycle is indicated when both BHE/ADEN and AD0
are High. During refresh cycles, the A bus and the AD
bus are not guaranteed to provide the same address
during the address phase of the AD bus cycle. For this
reason, the A0 signal cannot be used in place of the
AD0 signal to determine refresh cycles. PSRAM refreshes also provide an additional RFSH signal (see
the MCS3/RFSH pin description on page 28).
ADEN—If BHE/ADEN is held High or left floating during power-on reset, the address portion of the AD bus
(AD15–AD0 for the 186 or AO15–AO8 and AD7–AD0
for the 188) is enabled or disabled during LCS and
UCS bus cycles based on the DA bit in the LMCS and
UMCS registers. If the DA bit is set, the memory address is accessed on the A19–A0 pins. There is a weak
internal pullup resistor on BHE/ADEN so no external
pullup is required. This mode of operation reduces
power consumption.
26
If BHE/ADEN is held Low on power-on reset, the AD
bus drives both addresses and data, regardless of the
DA bit setting. This pin is sampled on the rising edge of
RES. (S6 and UZI also assume their normal functionality in this instance. See Table 2 on page 30.)
Note: On the Am188EM microcontroller, AO15–AO8
are driven during the entire bus cycle, regardless of the
setting of the DA bit in the UMCS and LMCS registers.
CLKOUTA
Clock Output A (output, synchronous)
This pin supplies the internal clock to the system. Depending on the value of the power-save control register
(PDCON), CLKOUTA operates at either the crystal
input frequency (X1), the power-save frequency, or is
three-stated. CLKOUTA remains active during reset
and bus hold conditions.
CLKOUTB
Clock Output B (output, synchronous)
This pin supplies an additional clock to the system. Depending upon the value of the power-save control register (PDCON), CLKOUTB operates at either the
crystal input frequency (X1), the power-save frequency, or is three-stated. CLKOUTB remains active
during reset and bus hold conditions.
DEN/PIO5
Data Enable (output, three-state, synchronous)
This pin supplies an output enable to an external databus transceiver. DEN is asserted during memory, I/O,
and interrupt acknowledge cycles. DEN is deasserted
when DT/R changes state. DEN floats during a bus hold
or reset condition.
DRQ1–DRQ0
(DRQ1/PIO13, DRQ0/PIO12)
DMA Requests (input, synchronous,
level-sensitive)
These pins indicate to the microcontroller that an external device is ready for DMA channel 1 or channel 0 to
perform a transfer. DRQ1–DRQ0 are level-triggered
and internally synchronized.
The DRQ signals are not latched and must remain active until serviced.
DT/R/PIO4
Data Transmit or Receive (output, three-state,
synchronous)
This pin indicates which direction data should flow
through an external data-bus transceiver. When DT/R
is asserted High, the microcontroller transmits data. When
this pin is deasserted Low, the microcontroller receives
data. DT/R floats during a bus hold or reset condition.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
GND
INT1/SELECT
Ground
Maskable Interrupt Request 1 (input,
asynchronous)
Slave Select (input, asynchronous)
The ground pins connect the system ground to the microcontroller.
HLDA
Bus Hold Acknowledge (output, synchronous)
This pin is asserted High to indicate to an external bus
master that the microcontroller has released control of
the local bus. When an external bus master requests
control of the local bus (by asserting HOLD), the microcontroller completes the bus cycle in progress and then
relinquishes control of the bus to the external bus master by asserting HLDA and floating DEN, RD, WR, S2–
S0, AD15–AD0, S6, A19–A0, BHE, WHB, WLB, and
DT/R, and then driving the chip selects UCS, LCS,
MCS3–MCS0, PCS6–PCS5, and PCS3–PCS0 High.
When the external bus master has finished using the
local bus, it indicates this to the microcontroller by
deasserting HOLD. The microcontroller responds by
deasserting HLDA.
If the microcontroller requires access to the bus (i.e. for
refresh), it will deassert HLDA before the external bus
master deasserts HOLD. The external bus master
must be able to deassert HOLD and allow the microcontroller access to the bus. See the timing diagrams
for bus hold on page 92.
HOLD
Bus Hold Request (input, synchronous,
level-sensitive)
This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an external
bus master needs control of the local bus.
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers’ HOLD
latency time is a function of the activity occurring in the
processor when the HOLD request is received. A
DRAM request will delay a HOLD request when both
requests are made at the same time. In addition, if
locked transfers are performed, the HOLD latency time
is increased by the length of the locked transfer.
For more information, see the HLDA pin description.
INT0
Maskable Interrupt Request 0 (input,
asynchronous)
This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. If the INT0 pin is not
masked, the microcontroller transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT0 vector in the
microcontroller interrupt vector table.
Interrupt requests are synchronized internally and can
be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT0 until the request is acknowledged.
INT1—This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an
interrupt request has occurred. If INT1 is not masked,
the microcontroller transfers program execution to the
location specified by the INT1 vector in the microcontroller interrupt vector table.
Interrupt requests are synchronized internally and can
be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT1 until the request is acknowledged.
SELECT—When the microcontroller interrupt control
unit is operating as a slave to an external interrupt controller, this pin indicates to the microcontroller that an
interrupt type appears on the address and data bus.
The INT0 pin must indicate to the microcontroller that
an interrupt has occurred before the SELECT pin indicates to the microcontroller that the interrupt type appears on the bus.
INT2/INTA0/PIO31
Maskable Interrupt Request 2 (input,
asynchronous)
Interrupt Acknowledge 0 (output, synchronous)
INT2—This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an
interrupt request has occurred. If the INT2 pin is not
masked, the microcontroller transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT2 vector in the
microcontroller interrupt vector table.
Interrupt requests are synchronized internally and can
be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT2 until the request is acknowledged.
INT2 becomes INTA0 when INT0 is configured in cascade mode.
INTA0—When the microcontroller interrupt control unit
is operating in cascade mode, this pin indicates to the
system that the microcontroller needs an interrupt type
to process the interrupt request on INT0. The peripheral issuing the interrupt request must provide the microcontroller with the corresponding interrupt type.
INT3/INTA1/IRQ
Maskable Interrupt Request 3
(input, asynchronous)
Interrupt Acknowledge 1 (output, synchronous)
Slave Interrupt Request (output, synchronous)
INT3—This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an
interrupt request has occurred. If the INT3 pin is not
masked, the microcontroller then transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT3 vector in
the microcontroller interrupt vector table.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
27
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Interrupt requests are synchronized internally, and can
be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT3 until the request is acknowledged.
INT3 becomes INTA1 when INT1 is configured in cascade mode.
INTA1—When the microcontroller interrupt control unit
is operating in cascade mode or special fully-nested
mode, this pin indicates to the system that the microcontroller needs an interrupt type to process the interrupt request on INT1. In both modes, the peripheral
issuing the interrupt request must provide the microcontroller with the corresponding interrupt type.
MCS3/RFSH/PIO25
Midrange Memory Chip Select 3
(output, synchronous, internal pullup)
Automatic Refresh (output, synchronous)
MCS3—This pin indicates to the system that a memory
access is in progress to the fourth region of the
midrange memory block. The base address and size of
the midrange memory block are programmable. MCS3
is held High during a bus hold condition. In addition,
this pin has a weak internal pullup resistor that is active
during reset.
INT4/PIO30
RFSH—This pin provides a signal timed for auto refresh to PSRAM devices. It is only enabled to function
as a refresh pulse when the PSRAM mode bit is set in
the LMCS Register. An active Low pulse is generated
for 1.5 clock cycles with an adequate deassertion period to ensure that overall auto refresh cycle time is
met. This pin is not three-stated during a bus hold condition.
Maskable Interrupt Request 4 (input,
asynchronous)
MCS2–MCS0
(MCS2/PIO24, MCS1/PIO15, MCS0/PIO14)
This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. If the INT4 pin is not
masked, the microcontroller then transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT4 vector in
the microcontroller interrupt vector table.
Midrange Memory Chip Selects (output,
synchronous, internal pullup)
IRQ—When the microcontroller interrupt control unit is
operating as a slave to an external master interrupt
controller, this pin lets the microcontroller issue an interrupt request to the external master interrupt controller.
Interrupt requests are synchronized internally, and can
be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT4 until the request is acknowledged.
These pins indicate to the system that a memory access is in progress to the corresponding region of the
midrange memory block. The base address and size of
the midrange memory block are programmable.
MCS2–MCS0 are held High during a bus hold condition. In addition, they have weak internal pullup resistors that are active during reset.
LCS/ONCE0
NMI
Lower Memory Chip Select (output, synchronous,
internal pullup)
ONCE Mode Request 0 (input)
Nonmaskable Interrupt (input, synchronous, edgesensitive)
LCS—This pin indicates to the system that a memory
access is in progress to the lower memory block. The
base address and size of the lower memory block are
programmable up to 512 Kbytes. LCS is held High during a bus hold condition.
ONCE0—During reset this pin and ONCE1 indicate to
the microcontroller the mode in which it should operate.
ONCE0 and ONCE1 are sampled on the rising edge of
RES. If both pins are asserted Low, the microcontroller
enters ONCE mode; otherwise, it operates normally.
In ONCE mode, all pins assume a high-impedance
state and remain in that state until a subsequent reset
occurs. To guarantee that the microcontroller does not
inadvertently enter ONCE mode, ONCE0 has a weak internal pullup resistor that is active only during reset. This
pin is not three-stated during a bus hold condition.
28
This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. The NMI signal is the highest priority hardware interrupt and, unlike the INT4–
INT0 pins, cannot be masked. The microcontroller always transfers program execution to the location specified by the nonmaskable interrupt vector in the
microcontroller interrupt vector table when NMI is asserted.
Although NMI is the highest priority interrupt source, it
does not participate in the priority resolution process of
the maskable interrupts. There is no bit associated with
NMI in the interrupt in-service or interrupt request registers. This means that a new NMI request can interrupt
an executing NMI interrupt service routine. As with all
hardware interrupts, the IF (interrupt flag) is cleared
when the processor takes the interrupt, disabling the
maskable interrupt sources. However, if maskable interrupts are re-enabled by software in the NMI interrupt
service routine, via the STI instruction for example, the
fact that an NMI is currently in service will not have any
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
effect on the priority resolution of maskable interrupt requests. For this reason, it is strongly advised that the
interrupt service routine for NMI does not enable the
maskable interrupts.
An NMI transition from Low to High is latched and synchronized internally, and it initiates the interrupt at the
next instruction boundary. To guarantee that the interrupt is recognized, the NMI pin must be asserted for at
least one CLKOUTA period.
PCS3–PCS0
(PCS3/PIO19, PCS2/PIO18,
PCS1/PIO17, PCS0/PIO16)
Peripheral Chip Selects (output, synchronous)
These pins indicate to the system that a memory access is in progress to the corresponding region of the
peripheral memory block (either I/O or memory address space). The base address of the peripheral
memory block is programmable. PCS3–PCS0 are held
High during a bus hold condition. They are also held
High during reset.
PCS4 is not available on the Am186EM and Am188EM
microcontrollers.
Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the PCS outputs
assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Note also
that each peripheral chip select asserts over a 256-byte
address range, which is twice the address range covered by peripheral chip selects in the 80C186 and
80C188 microcontrollers.
dress bit 1 to the system. During a bus hold condition,
A1 retains its previously latched value.
PCS6/A2/PIO2
Peripheral Chip Select 6 (output, synchronous)
Latched Address Bit 2 (output, synchronous)
PCS6—This pin indicates to the system that a memory
access is in progress to the seventh region of the peripheral memory block (either I/O or memory address
space). The base address of the peripheral memory
block is programmable. PCS6 is held High during a bus
hold condition or reset.
Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the PCS outputs
assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Note also
that each peripheral chip select asserts over a 256byte address range, which is twice the address range
covered by peripheral chip selects in the 80C186 and
80C188 microcontrollers.
A2—When the EX bit in the MCS and PCS Auxiliary
Register is 0, this pin supplies an internally latched address bit 2 to the system. During a bus hold condition,
A2 retains its previously latched value.
PIO31–PIO0 (Shared)
Programmable I/O Pins (input/output,
asynchronous, open-drain)
PCS5/A1/PIO3
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provide 32 individually programmable I/O pins. Each PIO
can be programmed with the following attributes: PIO
function (enabled/disabled), direction (input/output),
and weak pullup or pulldown.
Peripheral Chip Select 5 (output, synchronous)
Latched Address Bit 1 (output, synchronous)
The pins that are multiplexed with PIO31–PIO0 are
listed in Table 2 and Table 3.
PCS5—This pin indicates to the system that a memory
access is in progress to the sixth region of the peripheral memory block (either I/O or memory address
space). The base address of the peripheral memory
block is programmable. PCS5 is held High during a bus
hold condition. It is also held High during reset.
After power-on reset, the PIO pins default to various
configurations. The column titled Power-On Reset Status in Table 2 and Table 3 lists the defaults for the PIOs. The
system initialization code must reconfigure any PIOs as
required.
Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the PCS outputs
assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Note also
that each peripheral chip select asserts over a 256byte address range, which is twice the address range
covered by peripheral chip selects in the 80C186 and
80C188 microcontrollers.
The A19–A17 address pins default to normal operation
on power-on reset, allowing the processor to correctly
begin fetching instructions at the boot address
FFFF0h. The DT/R, DEN, and SRDY pins also default to
normal operation on power-on reset.
A1—When the EX bit in the MCS and PCS auxiliary
register is 0, this pin supplies an internally latched ad-
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
29
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Table 2. Numeric PIO Pin Assignments
PIO No
Associated Pin
Power-On Reset Status
Table 3.
Alphabetic PIO Pin Assignments
Associated Pin
PIO No
Power-On Reset Status
0
TMRIN1
Input with pullup
A17
7
Normal operation(3)
1
TMROUT1
Input with pulldown
A18(1)
8
Normal operation(3)
2
PCS6/A2
Input with pullup
A19(1)
9
Normal operation(3)
3
PCS5/A1
Input with pullup
DEN
5
Normal operation(3)
4
DT/R
Normal operation(3)
DRQ0
12
Input with pullup
DEN
(3)
DRQ1
13
Input with pullup
SRDY
(4)
Normal operation
DT/R
4
Normal operation(3)
A17
Normal operation(3)
INT2
31
Input with pullup
A18
(3)
INT4
30
Input with pullup
A19
(3)
Normal operation
MCS0
14
Input with pullup
10
TMROUT0
Input with pulldown
MCS1
15
Input with pullup
11
TMRIN0
Input with pullup
MCS2
24
Input with pullup
12
DRQ0
Input with pullup
MCS3/RFSH
25
Input with pullup
13
DRQ1
Input with pullup
PCS0
16
Input with pullup
14
MCS0
Input with pullup
PCS1
17
Input with pullup
15
MCS1
Input with pullup
PCS2
18
Input with pullup
16
PCS0
Input with pullup
PCS3
19
Input with pullup
17
PCS1
Input with pullup
PCS5/A1
3
Input with pullup
18
PCS2
Input with pullup
PCS6/A2
2
Input with pullup
19
PCS3
Input with pullup
RXD
28
Input with pullup
29
Input with pullup
5
6
7(1)
8
(1)
9
(1)
Normal operation
Normal operation
(1)
20
SCLK
Input with pullup
S6/CLKDIV2(1,2)
21
SDATA
Input with pullup
SCLK
20
Input with pullup
22
SDEN0
Input with pulldown
SDATA
21
Input with pullup
23
SDEN1
Input with pulldown
SDEN0
22
Input with pulldown
24
MCS2
Input with pullup
SDEN1
23
Input with pulldown
25
MCS3/RFSH
Input with pullup
SRDY
6
Normal operation(4)
26(1,2)
UZI
Input with pullup
TMRIN0
11
Input with pullup
27
TXD
Input with pullup
TMRIN1
0
Input with pullup
28
RXD
Input with pullup
TMROUT0
10
Input with pulldown
S6/CLKDIV2
Input with pullup
TMROUT1
1
Input with pulldown
30
INT4
Input with pullup
TXD
27
Input with pullup
31
INT2
Input with pullup
UZI(1,2)
26
Input with pullup
29(1,2)
Notes:
Notes:
1. These pins are used by emulators. (Emulators also use
S2–S0, RES, NMI, CLKOUTA, BHE, ALE, AD15–AD0,
and A16–A0.)
2. These pins revert to normal operation if BHE/ADEN (186) or
RFSH2/ADEN (188) is held Low during power-on reset.
3. When used as a PIO, input with pullup option available.
4. When used as a PIO, input with pulldown option available.
1. These pins are used by emulators. (Emulators also use
S2–S0, RES, NMI, CLKOUTA, BHE, ALE, AD15–AD0,
and A16–A0.)
2. These pins revert to normal operation if BHE/ADEN (186) or
RFSH2/ADEN (188) is held Low during power-on reset.
3. When used as a PIO, input with pullup option available.
4. When used as a PIO, input with pulldown option available.
30
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
RD
RXD/PIO28
Read Strobe (output, synchronous, three-state)
Receive Data (input, asynchronous)
This pin indicates to the system that the microcontroller
is performing a memory or I/O read cycle. RD is guaranteed not to be asserted before the address and data bus
is floated during the address-to-data transition. RD floats
during a bus hold condition.
This pin supplies asynchronous serial receive data
from the system to the internal UART of the microcontroller.
S2–S0
Bus Cycle Status (output, three-state,
synchronous)
RES
Reset (input, asynchronous, level-sensitive)
This pin requires the microcontroller to perform a reset.
When RES is asserted, the microcontroller immediately
terminates its present activity, clears its internal logic, and
CPU control is transferred to the reset address FFFF0h.
RES must be held Low for at least 1 ms.
RES can be asserted asynchronously to CLKOUTA
because RES is synchronized internally. For proper initialization, VCC must be within specifications, and CLKOUTA must be stable for more than four CLKOUTA
periods during which RES is asserted.
The microcontroller begins fetching instructions approximately 6.5 CLKOUTA periods after RES is deasserted. This input is provided with a Schmitt trigger to
facilitate power-on RES generation via an RC network.
RFSH2/ADEN
(Am188EM Microcontroller Only)
Refresh 2 (three-state, output, synchronous)
Address Enable (input, internal pullup)
RFSH2—Asserted Low to signify a DRAM refresh bus
cycle. The use of RFSH2/ADEN to signal a refresh is
not valid when PSRAM mode is selected. Instead, the
MCS3/RFSH signal is provided to the PSRAM.
ADEN—If RFSH2/ADEN is held High or left floating on
power-on reset, the AD bus (AO15–AO8 and AD7–
AD0) is enabled or disabled during the address portion
of LCS and UCS bus cycles based on the DA bit in the
LMCS and UMCS registers. If the DA bit is set, the
memory address is accessed on the A19–A0 pins. This
mode of operation reduces power consumption. For
more information, see the “Bus Operation” section on
page 37. There is a weak internal pullup resistor on
RFSH2/ADEN so no external pullup is required.
If RFSH2/ADEN is held Low on power-on reset, the AD
bus drives both addresses and data regardless of the DA
bit setting. The pin is sampled one crystal clock cycle after
the rising edge of RES. RFSH2/ADEN is three-stated
during bus holds and ONCE mode.
These pins indicate to the system the type of bus cycle
in progress. S2 can be used as a logical memory or I/O
indicator, and S1 can be used as a data transmit or receive
indicator. S2–S0 float during bus hold and hold acknowledge conditions. The S2–S0 pins are encoded as shown
in Table 4.
Table 4.
Bus Cycle Encoding
S2
S1
S0
0
0
0
Bus Cycle
Interrupt acknowledge
0
0
1
Read data from I/O
0
1
0
Write data to I/O
0
1
1
Halt
1
0
0
Instruction fetch
1
0
1
Read data from memory
1
1
0
Write data to memory
1
1
1
None (passive)
S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29
Bus Cycle Status Bit 6 (output, synchronous)
Clock Divide by 2 (input, internal pullup)
S6—During the second and remaining periods of a
cycle (t2, t3, and t4), this pin is asserted High to indicate
a DMA-initiated bus cycle. During a bus hold or reset
condition, S6 floats.
CLKDIV2—If S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29 is held Low during
power-on reset, the chip enters clock divided by 2
mode where the processor clock is derived by dividing
the external clock input by 2. If this mode is selected,
the PLL is disabled. The pin is sampled on the rising
edge of RES.
If S6 is to be used as PIO29 in input mode, the device
driving PIO29 must not drive the pin Low during poweron reset. S6/CLKDIV2/PIO29 defaults to a PIO input with
pullup, so the pin does not need to be driven High externally.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
31
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SCLK/PIO20
TMRIN1/PIO0
Serial Clock (output, synchronous)
Timer Input 1 (input, synchronous, edge-sensitive)
This pin supplies the synchronous serial interface (SSI)
clock to a slave device, allowing transmit and receive
operations to be synchronized between the microcontroller and the slave. SCLK is derived from the microcontroller internal clock and then divided by 2, 4, 8, or
16 depending on register settings.
This pin supplies a clock or control signal to the internal
microcontroller timer 1. After internally synchronizing a
Low-to-High transition on TMRIN1, the microcontroller
increments the timer. TMRIN1 must be tied High if not
being used.
An access to any of the SSR or SSD registers activates
SCLK for eight SCLK cycles (see Figure 11 and Figure
12 on page 49). When SCLK is inactive, it is held High
by the microcontroller.
SDATA/PIO21
Serial Data (input/output, synchronous)
This pin transmits synchronous serial interface (SSI)
data to and from a slave device. When SDATA is inactive, a weak keeper holds the last value of SDATA on
the pin.
SDEN1/PIO23, SDEN0/PIO22
Serial Data Enables (output, synchronous)
These pins enable data transfers on port 1 and port 0
of the synchronous serial interface (SSI). The microcontroller asserts either SDEN1 or SDEN0 at the beginning of a transfer and deasserts it after the transfer
is complete. When SDEN1–SDEN0 are inactive, they
are held Low by the microcontroller.
SRDY/PIO6
Synchronous Ready (input, synchronous,
level-sensitive)
This pin indicates to the microcontroller that the addressed memory space or I/O device will complete a
data transfer. The SRDY pin accepts an active High
input synchronized to CLKOUTA.
Using SRDY instead of ARDY allows a relaxed system
timing because of the elimination of the one-half clock
period required to internally synchronize ARDY. To always assert the ready condition to the microcontroller,
tie SRDY High. If the system does not use SRDY, tie
the pin Low to yield control to ARDY.
TMRIN0/PIO11
Timer Input 0 (input, synchronous, edge-sensitive)
This pin supplies a clock or control signal to the internal
microcontroller timer 0. After internally synchronizing a
Low-to-High transition on TMRIN0, the microcontroller
increments the timer. TMRIN0 must be tied High if not
being used.
32
TMROUT0/PIO10
Timer Output 0 (output, synchronous)
This pin supplies the system with either a single pulse
or a continuous waveform with a programmable duty
cycle. TMROUT0 is floated during a bus hold or reset.
TMROUT1/PIO1
Timer Output 1 (output, synchronous)
This pin supplies the system with either a single pulse
or a continuous waveform with a programmable duty
cycle. TMROUT1 can also be programmed as a watchdog timer. TMROUT1 is floated during a bus hold or reset.
TXD/PIO27
Transmit Data (output, asynchronous)
This pin supplies asynchronous serial transmit data to
the system from the internal UART of the microcontroller.
UCS/ONCE1
Upper Memory Chip Select (output, synchronous)
ONCE Mode Request 1 (input, internal pullup)
UCS—This pin indicates to the system that a memory
access is in progress to the upper memory block. The
base address and size of the upper memory block are
programmable up to 512 Kbytes. UCS is held High during a bus hold condition.
After power-on reset, UCS is asserted because the processor begins executing at FFFF0h and the default configuration for the UCS chip select is 64 Kbytes from F0000h
to FFFFFh.
ONCE1—During reset, this pin and ONCE0 indicate to
the microcontroller the mode in which it should operate.
ONCE0 and ONCE1 are sampled on the rising edge of
RES. If both pins are asserted Low, the microcontroller
enters ONCE mode. Otherwise, it operates normally. In
ONCE mode, all pins assume a high-impedance state
and remain in that state until a subsequent reset occurs. To guarantee that the microcontroller does not inadvertently enter ONCE mode, ONCE1 has a weak
internal pullup resistor that is active only during a reset.
This pin is not three-stated during a bus hold condition.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
UZI/PIO26
X1
Upper Zero Indicate (output, synchronous)
Crystal Input (input)
UZI—This pin lets the designer determine if an access
to the interrupt vector table is in progress by ORing it
with bits 15–10 of the address and data bus (AD15–
AD10 on the 186 and AO15–AO10 on the 188). UZI is
the logical OR of the inverted A19–A16 bits, and it asserts in the first period of a bus cycle and is held
throughout the cycle.
This pin and the X2 pin provide connections for a fundamental mode or third-overtone parallel-resonant
crystal used by the internal oscillator circuit. To provide
the microcontroller with an external clock source, connect the source to the X1 pin and leave the X2 pin unconnected.
This signal should be pulled High or allowed to float at
reset. If this pin is Low at the negation of reset, the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers will enter a reserved clock test mode.
VCC
Power Supply (input)
These pins supply power (+5 V) to the microcontroller.
X2
Crystal Output (output)
This pin and the X1 pin provide connections for a fundamental mode or third-overtone parallel-resonant
crystal used by the internal oscillator circuit. To provide
the microcontroller with an external clock source, leave
the X2 pin unconnected and connect the source to the
X1 pin.
WHB (Am186EM Microcontroller Only)
Write High Byte (output, three-state, synchronous)
This pin and WLB indicate to the system which bytes of
the data bus (upper, lower, or both) participate in a write
cycle. In 80C186 designs, this information is provided by
BHE, AD0, and WR. However, by using WHB and WLB,
the standard system interface logic and external address
latch that were required are eliminated.
WHB is asserted with AD15–AD8. WHB is the logical
OR of BHE and WR. This pin floats during reset.
WLB (Am186EM Microcontroller Only)
WB (Am188EM Microcontroller Only)
Write Low Byte (output, three-state, synchronous)
Write Byte (output, three-state, synchronous)
WLB—This pin and WHB indicate to the system which
bytes of the data bus (upper, lower, or both) participate
in a write cycle. In 80C186 designs, this information is
provided by BHE, AD0, and WR. However, by using
WHB and WLB, the standard system interface logic
and external address latch that were required are eliminated.
WLB is asserted with AD7–AD0. WLB is the logical OR
of AD0 and WR. This pin floats during reset.
WB—On the Am188EM microcontroller, this pin indicates a write to the bus. WB uses the same early timing
as the nonmultiplexed address bus. WB is associated
with AD7–AD0. This pin floats during reset.
WR
Write Strobe (output, synchronous)
This pin indicates to the system that the data on the bus
is to be written to a memory or I/O device. WR floats
during a bus hold or reset condition.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
33
P R E L I M I N A R Y
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Shift
Left
4 Bits
AMD’s Am186 and Am188 family of microcontrollers
and microprocessors is based on the architecture of
the original 8086 and 8088 microcontrollers and currently includes the 80C186, 80C188, 80L186, 80L188,
Am186EM, Am188EM, Am186EMLV, Am188EMLV,
Am186ES, Am188ES, Am186ESLV, Am188ESLV,
Am186ER, and Am188ER microcontrollers.
All family members contain the same basic set of
registers, instructions, and addressing modes and are
compatible with the industry-standard 80C186/188
microcontrollers.
A full description of all the Am186EM and Am188EM
microcontroller registers is included in the Am186EM
and Am188EM Microcontrollers User’s Manual, order#
19713. The instruction set for the Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers is documented in the Am186
and Am188 Family Instruction Set Manual, order# 21267.
Memory Organization
2
A
4
19
2
A
0
15
0
2
4 Segment
Logical
0 Base
Address
2 Offset
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
1
2
A
2
6
19
2
0
2
Physical Address
0
To Memory
Figure 2. Two-Component Address
Memory is organized in sets of segments. Each segment is a linear contiguous sequence of 64K (216) 8-bit
bytes. Memory is addressed using a two-component
address that consists of a 16-bit segment value and a
16-bit offset. The 16-bit segment values are contained
in one of four internal segment registers (CS, DS, SS,
or ES). The physical address is calculated by shifting
the segment value left by 4 bits and adding the 16-bit
offset value to yield a 20-bit physical address (see Figure 3).
This allows for a 1-Mbyte physical address size.
All instructions that address operands in memory must
specify the segment value and the 16-bit offset value.
For speed and compact instruction encoding, the segment register used for physical address generation is
implied by the addressing mode used (see Table 5).
Table 5.
34
1
1
15
I/O Space
The I/O space consists of 64K 8-bit or 32K 16-bit ports.
Separate instructions (IN, INS and OUT, OUTS) address the I/O space with either an 8-bit port address
specified in the instruction, or a 16-bit port address in
the DX register. Eight-bit port addresses are zero-extended so that A15–A8 are Low. I/O port addresses
00F8h through 00FFh are reserved. The Am186EM
and Am188EM microcontrollers provide specific instructions for addressing I/O space.
Segment Register Selection Rules
Memory Reference
Needed
Instructions
Local Data
Segment Register
Used
Code (CS)
Data (DS)
Stack
Stack (SS)
External Data (Global)
Extra (ES)
Implicit Segment Selection Rule
Instructions (including immediate data)
All data references
All stack pushes and pops;
any memory references that use BP Register
All string instruction references that use the DI Register as an index
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
BUS OPERATION
The industry-standard 80C186 and 80C188 microcontrollers use a multiplexed address and data (AD) bus.
The address is present on the AD bus only during the
t1 clock phase. The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers continue to provide the multiplexed AD bus and, in
addition, provide a nonmultiplexed address (A) bus. The A
bus provides an address to the system for the complete
bus cycle (t1–t4).
For systems where power consumption is a concern, it
is possible to disable the address from being driven on
the AD bus on the Am186EM microcontroller and on
the AD and AO buses on the Am188EM microcontroller
during the normal address portion of the bus cycle for
accesses to UCS and/or LCS address spaces. In this
mode, the affected bus is placed in a high impedance
state during the address portion of the bus cycle. This
feature is enabled through the DA bits in the UMCS and
LMCS registers. When address disable is in effect, the
number of signals that assert on the bus during all normal bus cycles to the associated address space is reduced, decreasing power consumption and reducing
processor switching noise. On the Am188EM microcontroller, the address is driven on A015–A08 during
the data portion of the bus cycle, regardless of the setting of the DA bits.
If the ADEN pin is pulled Low during processor reset, the
value of the DA bits in the UMCS and LMCS registers is
ignored and the address is driven on the AD bus for all ac-
t1
cesses, thus preserving the industry-standard 80C186
and 80C188 microcontrollers’ multiplexed address bus
and providing support for existing emulation tools.
The following diagrams show the Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontroller bus cycles when the address bus disable feature is in effect.
Figure 3 shows the affected signals during a normal
read or write operation for an Am186EM microcontroller. The address and data will be multiplexed onto the
AD bus.
Figure 4 shows an Am186EM microcontroller bus cycle
when address bus disable is in effect. This results in
having the AD bus operate in a nonmultiplexed address/data mode. The A bus will have the address during a read or write operation.
Figure 5 shows the affected signals during a normal
read or write operation for an Am188EM microcontroller. The multiplexed address/data mode is compatible
with the 80C186 and 80C188 microcontrollers and
might be used to take advantage of existing logic or peripherals.
Figure 6 shows an Am188EM microcontroller bus cycle
when address bus disable is in effect. The address and
data is not multiplexed. The AD7–AD0 signals will have
only data on the bus, while the AO bus will have the address during a read or write operation.
t2
Address
Phase
t3
t4
Data
Phase
CLKOUTA
Address
A19–A0
AD15–AD0
(Read)
Address
AD15–AD0
(Write)
Address
Data
Data
LCS or UCS
MCSx, PCSx
Figure 3.
Am186EM Microcontroller Address Bus—Normal Read and Write Operation
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
35
P R E L I M I N A R Y
t1
Address
Phase
t2
t3
Data
Phase
t4
CLKOUTA
A19–A0
Address
AD7–AD0
(Read)
Data
AD15–AD8
(Read)
Data
AD15–AD0
(Write)
Data
LCS, UCS
Figure 4.
Am186EM Microcontroller—Read and Write with Address Bus Disable In Effect
t1
t2
t3
Address
Phase
t4
Data
Phase
CLKOUTA
Address
A19–A0
AD7–AD0
(Read)
Address
AO15–AO8
(Read or Write)
AD7–AD0
(Write)
Data
Address
Address
Data
LCS or UCS
MCSx, PCSx
Figure 5.
36
Am188EM Microcontroller Address Bus—Normal Read and Write Operation
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
t1
t2
Address
Phase
t3
t4
Data
Phase
CLKOUTA
A19–A0
Address
AD7–AD0
(Read)
Data
AO15–AO8
Address
AD7–AD0
(Write)
Data
LCS, UCS
Figure 6.
Am188EM Microcontroller—Read and Write with Address Bus Disable In Effect
BUS INTERFACE UNIT
Byte Write Enables
The bus interface unit controls all accesses to external
peripherals and memory devices. External accesses
include those to memory devices, as well as those to
memory-mapped and I/O-mapped peripherals and the
p er i p h e r a l c o n tr o l b l o c k . T h e A m 1 8 6 E M a nd
Am188EM microcontrollers provide an enhanced bus
interface unit with the following features:
The Am186EM microcontroller provides the WHB
(Write High Byte) and WLB (Write Low Byte) signals, which
act as byte write enables.
n A nonmultiplexed address bus
n Separate byte write enables for high and low bytes
in the Am186EM microcontroller only
n Pseudo Static RAM (PSRAM) support
WHB is the logical OR of BHE and WR. WHB is Low
when BHE and WR are both Low. WLB is the logical
OR of AD0 and WR. WLB is Low when AD0 and WR
are both Low. WB is Low whenever a byte is written on
the Am188EM microcontroller.
The byte write enables are driven in conjunction with
the nonmultiplexed address bus as required for the
write timing requirements of common SRAMs.
The standard 80C186/188 multiplexed address and
data bus requires system interface logic and an external address latch. On the Am186EM and Am188EM
microcontrollers, new byte write enables, PSRAM control logic, and a new nonmultiplexed address bus can
reduce design costs by eliminating this external logic.
Nonmultiplexed Address Bus
The nonmultiplexed address bus (A19–A0) is valid
one-half CLKOUTA cycle in advance of the address on
the AD bus. When used in conjunction with the modified UCS and LCS outputs and the byte write enable signals, the A19–A0 bus provides a seamless interface to
SRAM, PSRAM, and Flash/EPROM memory systems.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
37
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Pseudo Static RAM (PSRAM) Support
PERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCK (PCB)
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers support the use of PSRAM devices in low memory chip-select (LCS) space only. When PSRAM mode is enabled,
the timing for the LCS signal is modified by the chip-select
control unit to provide a CS precharge period during
PSRAM accesses. The 40-MHz timing of the Am186EM
and Am188EM microcontrollers is appropriate to allow
70-ns PSRAM to run with one wait state. PSRAM mode is
enabled through a bit in the Low Memory Chip-Select
(LMCS) Register. The PSRAM feature is disabled on CPU
reset.
The integrated peripherals of the Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers are controlled by 16-bit
read/write registers. The peripheral registers are contained within an internal 256-byte control block. The
registers are physically located in the peripheral devices they control, but they are addressed as a single
256-byte block. Figure 7 shows a map of these registers.
In addition to the LCS timing changes for PSRAM precharge, the PSRAM devices also require periodic refresh of
all internal row addresses to retain their data. Although refresh of PSRAM can be accomplished several ways, the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers implement auto
refresh only.
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers generate RFSH, a refresh signal, to the PSRAM devices when
PSRAM mode is enabled. No refresh address is required
by the PSRAM when using the auto refresh mechanism.
The RFSH signal is multiplexed with the MCS3 signal pin.
When PSRAM mode is enabled, MCS3 is not available for
use as a chip-select signal.
The refresh control unit must be programmed before
accessing PSRAM in LCS space. The refresh counter
in the Clock Prescaler (CDRAM) Register must be configured with the required refresh interval value. The
ending address of LCS space and the ready and waitstate generation in the LMCS Register must also be
programmed. The refresh counter reload value in the
CDRAM Register should not be set to less than 18
(12h) in order to provide time for processor cycles
within refresh. The refresh address counter must be set
to 000000h to prevent another chip select from asserting.
Reading and Writing the PCB
Code that is intended to execute on the Am188EM microcontroller should perform all writes to the PCB registers as byte writes. These writes will transfer 16 bits
of data to the PCB register even if an 8-bit register is
named in the instruction. For example, out dx, al results in the value of ax being written to the port address in
dx. Reads to the PCB should be done as word reads.
Code written in this manner will run correctly on the
Am188EM microcontroller and on the Am186EM microcontroller.
Unaligned reads and writes to the PCB result in unpredi cta ble beh av ior on both the A m18 6E M an d
Am188EM microcontrollers.
For a complete description of all the registers in the
PCB, see the Am186EM and Am188EM Microcontrollers User’s Manual, order# 19713.
LCS is held High during a refresh cycle. The A bus is
not used during refresh cycles. The LMCS Register
must be configured to external ready ignored (R2=1)
with one wait state (R1–R0=01b), and the PSRAM
mode enable bit (SE) must be set.
38
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Offset
(Hexadecimal)
Register Name
FE
Peripheral Control Block Relocation Register
w
w
F6
Reset Configuration Register
F4
Processor Release Level Register
F0
PDCON Register
w
w
E4
Enable RCU Register
E2
Clock Prescaler Register
E0
Memory Partition Register
w
w
DA
DMA 1 Control Register
D8
DMA 1 Transfer Count Register
D6
DMA 1 Destination Address High Register
D4
DMA 1 Destination Address Low Register
D2
DMA 1 Source Address High Register
D0
DMA 1 Source Address Low Register
CA
DMA 0 Control Register
C8
DMA 0 Transfer Count Register
C6
DMA 0 Destination Address High Register
C4
DMA 0 Destination Address Low Register
C2
DMA 0 Source Address High Register
C0
DMA 0 Source Address Low Register
w
w
A8
PCS and MCS Auxiliary Register
A6
Midrange Memory Chip Select Register
A4
Peripheral Chip Select Register
A2
Low Memory Chip Select Register
A0
Upper Memory Chip Select Register
88
w
w
Serial Port Baud Rate Divisor Register
86
Serial Port Receive Register
84
Serial Port Transmit Register
82
Serial Port Status Register
80
Serial Port Control Register
Figure 7.
Changed from 80C186
microcontroller.
Note: Gaps in offset addresses indicate
reserved registers.
Peripheral Control Block Register Map
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
39
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Offset
(Hexadecimal)
w
Register Name
7A
PIO Data 1 Register
78
PIO Direction 1 Register
76
74
PIO Mode 1 Register
PIO Data 0 Register
72
PIO Direction 0 Register
70
PIO Mode 0 Register
w
w
66
Timer 2 Mode/Control Register
62
Timer 2 Maxcount Compare A Register
Timer 2 Count Register
60
5E
Timer 1 Mode/Control Register
5C
Timer 1 Maxcount Compare B Register
Timer 1 Maxcount Compare A Register
5A
58
Timer 1 Count Register
56
54
52
Timer 0 Mode/Control Register
Timer 0 Maxcount Compare B Register
50
Timer 0 Count Register
Timer 0 Maxcount Compare A Register
w
w
44
Serial Port Interrupt Control Register
42
Watchdog Timer Control Register
40
INT4 Control Register
3E
INT3 Control Register
3C
INT2 Control Register
INT1 Control Register
3A
INT0 Control Register
DMA 1 Interrupt Control Register
38
36
34
32
DMA 0 Interrupt Control Register
Timer Interrupt Control Register
Interrupt Status Register
Interrupt Request Register
30
2E
2C
In-service Register
2A
Priority Mask Register
28
Interrupt Mask Register
26
Poll Status Register
24
22
Poll Register
End-of-Interrupt Register
20
Interrupt Vector Register
18
Synchronous Serial Receive Register
16
14
Synchronous Serial Transmit 0 Register
12
Synchronous Serial Enable Register
10
Synchronous Serial Status Register
Synchronous Serial Transmit 1 Register
Figure 7.
40
w
Changed from 80C186
microcontroller.
Note: Gaps in offset addresses indicate
reserved registers.
Peripheral Control Block Register Map (continued)
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
CLOCK AND POWER MANAGEMENT
The clock and power management unit of the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers includes a
phase-locked loop (PLL) and a second programmable
system clock output (CLKOUTB).
fect the operation of the clock generator. Values for the
loading on X1 and X2 must be chosen to provide the
necessary phase shift and crystal operation.
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)
When selecting a crystal, the load capacitance should
always be specified (CL). This value can cause variance
in the oscillation frequency from the desired specified
value (resonance). The load capacitance and the loading
of the feedback network have the following relationship:
In a traditional 80C186/188 design, the crystal frequency is
twice that of the desired internal clock. Because of the
internal PLL on the Am186EM and Am188EM
microcontrollers, the internal clock generated by the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers (CLKOUTA) is
the same frequency as the crystal. The PLL takes the
crystal inputs (X1 and X2) and generates a 45/55% (worst
case) duty cycle intermediate system clock of the same
frequency. This removes the need for an external 2x
oscillator, reducing system cost. The PLL is reset by an
on-chip power-on reset (POR) circuit.
Crystal-Driven Clock Source
The internal oscillator circuit of the Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers is designed to function with
a parallel-resonant fundamental or third-overtone crystal. Because of the PLL, the crystal frequency should
be equal to the processor frequency. Do not replace a
crystal with an LC or RC equivalent.
The signals X1 and X2 are connected to an internal inverting amplifier (oscillator) which provides, along with
the external feedback loading, the necessary phase
shift (Figure 8). In such a positive feedback circuit, the
inverting amplifier has an output signal (X2) 180 degrees out of phase of the input signal (X1).
The external feedback network provides an additional
180-degree phase shift. In an ideal system, the input to
X1 will have 360 or zero degrees of phase shift. The external feedback network is designed to be as close to
ideal as possible. If the feedback network is not providing necessary phase shift, negative feedback will
dampen the output of the amplifier and negatively af-
Selecting a Crystal
CL =
(C1 ⋅ C2)
+ CS
(C1 + C2)
where CS is the stray capacitance of the circuit. Placing
the crystal and CL in series across the inverting amplifier
and tuning these values (C1, C2) allows the crystal to oscillate at resonance. This relationship is true for both fundamental and third-overtone operation. Finally, there is a
relationship between C1 and C2. To enhance the oscillation of the inverting amplifier, these values need to be offset with the larger load on the output (X2). Equal values of
these loads will tend to balance the poles of the inverting
amplifier.
The characteristics of the inverting amplifier set limits
on the following parameters for crystals:
ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance)........... 80 ohm max
Drive Level ..................................................................................... 1 mW max
The recommended range of values for C1 and C2 are as
follows:
C1 .............................................................................................................. 15 pF ± 20%
C2 .............................................................................................................. 22 pF ± 20%
The specific values for C1 and C2 must be determined by
the designer and are dependent on the characteristics of
the chosen crystal and board design.
C1
X1
Crystal
X2
Crystal
C1
C2
C2
a. Inverting Amplifier Configuration
Figure 8.
Note 1
Note 1: Use for Third Overtone Mode
XTAL Frequency L1 Value (Max)
20 MHz
12 µH ±20%
25 MHz
8.2 µH ±20%
33 MHz
4.7 µH ±20%
40 MHz
3.0 µH ±20%
Am186EM
Microcontroller
200 pF
b. Crystal Configuration
Am186EM and Am188EM Microcontrollers Oscillator Configurations
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
41
P R E L I M I N A R Y
External Source Clock
CLKOUTB operate at either the processor frequency or
the crystal input frequency. The output drivers for both
clocks are individually programmable for disable.
Figure 9 shows the organization of the clocks.
Alternately, the internal oscillator can be driven from an
external clock source. This source should be connected to the input of the inverting amplifier (X1), with
the output (X2) not connected.
The second clock output (CLKOUTB) allows one clock
to run at the crystal input frequency and the other clock
to run at the power-save frequency. Individual drive enable bits allow selective enabling of just one or both of
these clock outputs.
System Clocks
The base system clock of the 80C186 and 80C188
microcontrollers is renamed CLKOUTA and the
additional output is called CLKOUTB. CLKOUTA and
Processor Internal Clock
Power-Save
Divisor
(/2 to /128)
PLL
X1, X2
CLKOUTA
Mux
Drive
Enable
Mux
Time
Delay
6 ± 2.5ns
CLKOUTB
Drive
Enable
Figure 9.
Clock Organization
Power-Save Operation
The power-save mode of the Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers reduces power consumption and heat dissipation, thereby extending battery life
in portable systems. In power-save mode, operation of
the CPU and internal peripherals continues at a slower
clock frequency. When an interrupt occurs, the microcontroller automatically returns to its normal operating
frequency on the internal clock’s next rising edge of t3.
In order for an interrupt to be recognized, it must be
valid before the internal clock’s rising edge of t3.
Note: Power-save operation requires that clock-dependent devices be reprogrammed for clock frequency
changes. Software drivers must be aware of clock frequency.
Initialization and Processor Reset
Processor initialization or startup is accomplished by
driving the RES input pin Low. RES must be held Low for
1 ms during power-up to ensure proper device initialization. RES forces the Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers to terminate all execution and local bus activity. No
instruction or bus activity occurs as long as RES is active.
42
After RES becomes inactive and an internal processing interval elapses, the microcontroller begins execution with
the instruction at physical location FFFF0h. RES also sets
some registers to predefined values.
The Reset Configuration Register
When the RES input is asserted Low, the contents of the
address/data bus (AD15–AD0) are written into the Reset
Configuration register. The system can place configuration information on the address/data bus using weak external pullup or pulldown resistors, or using an external
driver that is enabled during reset. The processor does not
drive the address/data bus during reset.
For example, the Reset Configuration register could be
used to provide the software with the position of a configuration switch in the system. Using weak external
pullup and pulldown resistors on the address and data
bus, the system would provide the microcontroller with
a value corresponding to the position of the jumper during a reset.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
CHIP-SELECT UNIT
Chip-Select Overlap
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers contain logic that provides programmable chip-select generation for both memories and peripherals. The logic
can be programmed to provide ready and wait-state
generation and latched address bits A1 and A2. The
chip-select lines are active for all memory and I/O cycles in their programmed areas, whether they are generated by the CPU or by the integrated DMA unit.
Although programming the various chip selects on the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers so that multiple chip select signals are asserted for the same
physical address is not recommended, it may be unavoidable in some systems. In such systems, the chip
selects whose assertions overlap must have the same
configuration for ready (external ready required or not
required) and the number of wait states to be inserted
into the cycle by the processor.
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provide six chip-select outputs for use with memory devices and six more for use with peripherals in either
memory space or I/O space. The six chip selects for
memory devices can be used to address three memory
ranges. Each of the six peripheral chip selects addresses a 256-byte block that is offset from a programmable base address. A read or write access to the
corresponding chip select register activates the chip
selects.
Chip-Select Timing
The timing for the UCS and LCS outputs is modified from
the original 80C186 microcontroller. These outputs now
assert in conjunction with the nonmultiplexed address bus
for normal memory timing. To allow these outputs to be
available earlier in the bus cycle, the number of programmable memory size selections has been reduced.
Ready and Wait-State Programming
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers can be
programmed to sense a ready signal for each of the peripheral or memory chip-select lines. The ready signal
can be either the ARDY or SRDY signal. Each chip-select control register (UMCS, LMCS, MMCS, PACS, and
MPCS) contains a single-bit field that determines
whether the external ready signal is required or ignored.
The number of wait states to be inserted for each access to a peripheral or memory region is programmable. The chip-select control registers for UCS, LCS,
MCS3–MCS0, PCS6, and PCS5 contain a two-bit field
that determines the number of wait states from zero to
three to be inserted. PCS3–PCS0 use three bits to provide additional values of 5, 7, 9, and 15 wait states.
When external ready is required, internally programmed wait states will always complete before external ready can terminate or extend a bus cycle. For
example, if the internal wait states are set to insert two
wait states, the processor samples the external ready
pin during the first wait cycle. If external ready is asserted at that time, the access completes after six cycles (four cycles plus two wait states). If external ready
is not asserted during the first wait state, the access is
extended until ready is asserted, which is followed by
one more wait state followed by t4.
The peripheral control block (PCB) is accessed using
internal signals. These internal signals function as chip
selects configured with zero wait states and no external
ready. Therefore, the PCB can be programmed to addresses that overlap external chip select signals if
those external chip selects are programmed to zero
wait states with no external ready required.
When overlapping an additional chip select with either
the LCS or UCS chip selects, it must be noted that setting the Disable Address (DA) bit in the LMCS or UMCS
register will disable the address from being driven on
the AD bus for all accesses for which the associated
chip select is asserted, including any accesses for
which multiple chip selects assert.
The MCS and PCS chip select pins can be configured
as either chip selects (normal function) or as PIO inputs
or outputs. It should be noted; however, that the ready
and wait state generation logic for these chip selects is
in effect regardless of their configurations as chip selects or PIOs. This means that if these chip selects are
enabled (by a read or write to the MMCS and MPCS for
the MCS chip selects, or by a read or write to the PACS
and MPCS registers for the PCS chip selects), the
ready and wait state programming for these signals
must agree with the programming for any other chip selects with which their assertion would overlap if they
were configured as chip selects.
Although the PCS4 signal is not available on an external pin, the ready and wait state logic for this signal still
exists internal to the part. For this reason, the PCS4 address space must follow the rules for overlapping chip
selects. The ready and wait-state logic for PCS6–
PCS5 is disabled when these signals are configured as
address bits A2–A1.
Failure to configure overlapping chip selects with the
same ready and wait state requirements may cause
the processor to hang with the appearance of waiting
for a ready signal. This behavior may occur even in a
system in which ready is always asserted (ARDY or
SRDY tied High).
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
43
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Configuring PCS in I/O space with LCS or any other
chip select configured for memory address 0 is not considered overlapping of the chip selects. Overlapping
chip selects refers to configurations where more than
one chip select asserts for the same physical address.
Upper Memory Chip Select
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provide a UCS chip select for the top of memory. On reset,
the Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers begin
fetching and executing instructions starting at memory location FFFF0h. Therefore, upper memory is usually used
as instruction memory. To facilitate this usage, UCS defaults to active on reset, with a default memory range of 64
Kbytes from F0000h to FFFFFh, with external ready required and three wait states automatically inserted. The
UCS memory range always ends at FFFFFh. The lower
boundary is programmable.
Low Memory Chip Select
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provide an LCS chip select for the bottom of memory. Since
the interrupt vector table is located at the bottom of memory starting at 00000h, the LCS pin is usually used to control data memory. The LCS pin is not active on reset.
Midrange Memory Chip Selects
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provide four chip selects, MCS3–MCS0, for use in a userlocatable memory block. The base address of the memory
block can be located anywhere within the 1-Mbyte memory address space, exclusive of the areas associated with
the UCS and LCS chip selects, as well as the address
range of the Peripheral Chip Selects, PCS6, PCS5, and
PCS3–PCS0, if they are mapped to memory. The MCS
address range can overlap the PCS address range if the
PCS chip selects are mapped to I/O space.
Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the MCS outputs
assert with the multiplexed AD address bus.
Peripheral Chip Selects
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provide six chip selects, PCS6–PCS5 and PCS3–PCS0,
for use within a user-locatable memory or I/O block.
PCS4 is not available on the Am186EM and Am188EM
microcontrollers. The base address of the memory
block can be located anywhere within the 1-Mbyte
memory address space, exclusive of the areas associated with the UCS, LCS, and MCS chip selects, or they
can be configured to access the 64 Kbyte I/O space.
The PCS pins are not active on reset. PCS6–PCS5 can
have from zero to three wait states. PCS3–PCS0 can have
four additional wait-state values—5, 7, 9, and 15.
Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the PCS outputs
assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Note also that
each peripheral chip select asserts over a 256-byte address
range, which is twice the address range covered by peripheral chip selects in the 80C186 and 80C188 microcontrollers.
44
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
REFRESH CONTROL UNIT
INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT
The Refresh Control Unit (RCU) automatically generates refresh bus cycles. After a programmable period
of time, the RCU generates a memory read request to
the bus interface unit. The RCU is fixed to three wait
states for the PSRAM auto refresh mode.
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers can receive interrupt requests from a variety of sources, both
internal and external. The internal interrupt controller
arranges these requests by priority and presents them
one at a time to the CPU.
If the HLDA pin is active when a refresh request is generated (indicating a bus hold condition), then the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers deactivate
the HLDA pin in order to perform a refresh cycle. The
external bus master must remove the HOLD signal for
at least one clock in order to allow the refresh cycle to
execute. The sequence of HLDA going inactive while
HOLD is being held active can be used to signal a
pending refresh request.
There are six external interrupt sources on the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers—five
maskable interrupt pins and one nonmaskable interrupt
pin. In addition, there are six total internal interrupt
sources—three timers, two DMA channels, and the
asynchronous serial port—that are not connected to
external pins.
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provide three interrupt sources not present on the Am186
and Am188 microcontrollers. The first is an additional
external interrupt pin (INT4). This pin operates much
like the already existing interrupt pins (INT3–INT0).
The second is an internal watchdog timer interrupt. The
third is an internal interrupt from the asynchronous serial port.
The five maskable interrupt request pins can be used
as direct interrupt requests, or they can be cascaded
with an 82C59A-compatible external interrupt controller if more inputs are needed. An external interrupt contr ol l er c an be u s ed as the s ys te m m as te r by
programming the internal interrupt controller to operate
in slave mode. In all cases, nesting can be enabled so
that interrupt service routines for lower priority interrupts are interrupted by a higher priority interrupt.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
45
P R E L I M I N A R Y
TIMER CONTROL UNIT
DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS (DMA)
There are three 16-bit programmable timers in the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers. Timer 0
and timer 1 are connected to four external pins (each
one has an input and an output). These two timers can
be used to count or time external events, or to generate
nonrepetitive or variable-duty-cycle waveforms. In addition, timer 1 can be configured as a watchdog timer
interrupt.
Direct memory access (DMA) permits transfer of data
between memory and peripherals without CPU involvement. The DMA unit in the Am186EM and Am188EM
microcontrollers, shown in Figure 10, provides two
high-speed DMA channels. Data transfers can occur between memory and I/O spaces (e.g., memory to I/O) or
within the same space (e.g., memory-to-memory or I/O-toI/O). In addition, either bytes or words can be transferred
to or from even or odd addresses on the Am186EM microcontroller. The Am188EM microcontroller does not support word transfers. Only two bus cycles (a minimum of
eight clocks) are necessary for each data transfer.
The watchdog timer interrupt provides a mechanism for
detecting software crashes or hangs. The TMROUT1
output is internally connected to the watchdog timer interrupt. The TIMER1 count register must then be reloaded at intervals less than the TIMER1 max count to
assure the watchdog interrupt is not taken. If the code
crashes or hangs, the TIMER1 countdown will cause a
watchdog interrupt.
Timer 2 is not connected to any external pins. It can be
used for real-time coding and time-delay applications.
It can also be used as a prescale to timers 0 and 1 or
as a DMA request source.
The timers are controlled by eleven 16-bit registers in
the peripheral control block. A timer’s timer-count register contains the current value of that timer. The timercount register can be read or written with a value at any
time, regardless of whether the timer is running. The
microcontroller increments the value of the timer-count
register each time a timer event occurs.
Each timer also has a maximum-count register that defines the maximum value the timer will reach. When the
timer reaches the maximum value, it resets to 0 during
the same clock cycle—the value in the maximum-count
register is never stored in the timer-count register.
Also, timers 0 and 1 have a secondary maximum-count
register. Using both the primary and secondary maximum-count registers lets the timer alternate between
two maximum values.
If the timer is programmed to use only the primary maximum-count register, the timer output pin switches Low
for one clock cycle after the maximum value is
reached. If the timer is programmed to use both of its
maximum-count registers, the output pin indicates
which maximum-count register is currently in control,
thereby creating a waveform. The duty cycle of the
waveform depends on the values in the maximumcount registers.
Each channel accepts a DMA request from one of
three sources—the channel request pin (DRQ1–
DRQ0), timer 2, or the system software. The channels
can be programmed with different priorities in the event
of a simultaneous DMA request or if there is a need to
interrupt transfers on the other channel.
DMA Operation
Each channel has six registers in the peripheral control
block that define specific channel operations. The DMA
registers consist of a 20-bit source address (2 registers), a 20-bit destination address (2 registers), a 16-bit
transfer count register, and a 16-bit control register.
The DMA transfer count register (DTC) specifies the
number of DMA transfers to be performed. Up to 64K
byte or word transfers can be performed with automatic
termination. The DMA control registers define the
channel operation. All registers can be modified during any DMA activity. Any changes made to the DMA
registers are reflected immediately in DMA operation.
Table 6. Am186EM Microcontroller Maximum
DMA Transfer Rates
Type of Synchronization
Selected
Unsynchronized
10
8.25
6.25
5
Source Synch
10
8.25
6.25
5
6.6
5.5
4.16
3.3
8
6.6
5
4
Destination Synch
(CPU needs bus)
Destination Synch
(CPU does not need bus)
Each timer is serviced every fourth clock cycle, so a
timer can operate at a speed of up to one-quarter the
internal clock frequency. A timer can be clocked externally at this same frequency; however, because of internal synchronization and pipelining of the timer
circuitry, the timer output may take up to six clock cycles to respond to the clock or gate input.
46
Maximum DMA
Transfer Rate (Mbyte/s)
40
33
25
20
MHz MHz MHz MHz
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Adder Control
Logic
20-bit Adder/Subtractor
Timer Request
DRQ1
20
Request
Selection
Logic
Transfer Counter Ch. 1
Destination Address Ch. 1
Source Address Ch. 1
Transfer Counter Ch. 0
Destination Address Ch. 0
Source Address Ch. 0
DRQ0
DMA
Control
Logic
Interrupt
Request
Channel Control Register 1
Channel Control Register 0
20
16
Internal Address/Data Bus
Figure 10.
DMA Unit Block Diagram
DMA Channel Control Registers
DMA Priority
Each DMA control register determines the mode of operation for the particular DMA channel. This register
specifies the following:
The DMA channels can be programmed so that one
channel is always given priority over the other, or they
can be programmed to alternate cycles when both
have DMA requests pending. DMA cycles always have
priority over internal CPU cycles, except between
locked memory accesses or word accesses to odd
memory locations. However, an external bus hold
takes priority over an internal DMA cycle.
n The mode of synchronization
n Whether bytes or words are transferred
n If an interrupt is generated after the last transfer
n If DMA activity ceases after a programmed number
of DMA cycles
n The relative priority of the DMA channel with respect to the other DMA channel
n Whether the source address is incremented, decremented, or maintained constant after each transfer
Because an interrupt request cannot suspend a DMA
operation and the CPU cannot access memory during
a DMA cycle, interrupt latency time suffers during sequences of continuous DMA cycles. An NMI request,
however, causes all internal DMA activity to halt. This
allows the CPU to respond quickly to the NMI request.
n Whether the source address addresses memory or
I/O space
n Whether the destination address is incremented,
decremented, or maintained constant after transfers
n Whether the destination address addresses memory or I/O space
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
47
P R E L I M I N A R Y
ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT
SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL INTERFACE
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers provide an asynchronous serial port. The asynchronous
serial port is a two-pin interface that permits full-duplex
bidirectional data transfer. The asynchronous serial
port supports the following features:
The synchronous serial interface (SSI) lets the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers communicate with application-specific integrated circuits
(ASICs) that require reprogrammability but are short on
pins. This four-pin interface permits half-duplex, bidirectional data transfer at speeds of up to 20 Mbits/sec.
n Full-duplex operation
n 7-bit or 8-bit data transfers
n Odd, even, or no parity
n 1 or 2 stop bits
If additional RS-232 signals are required, they can be
created with available PIO pins. The asynchronous serial port transmit and receive sections are double buffered. Break character, framing, parity, and overrun
error detection are provided. Exception interrupt generation is programmable by the user.
The transmit/receive clock is based on the internal processor clock, which is divided down internally to the serial port operating frequency. The serial port permits 7bit and 8-bit data transfers. DMA transfers through the
serial port are not supported.
The serial port generates one interrupt for any of three
serial port events—transmit complete, data received,
and error.
Unlike the asynchronous serial port, the SSI operates
in a master/slave configuration. The Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers are the master port.
The SSI interface provides four pins for communicating
with system components: two enables (SDEN0 and
SDEN1), a clock (SCLK), and a data pin (SDATA). Five
registers are used to control and monitor the interface.
Four-Pin Interface
The two enable pins SDEN1–SDEN0 can be used directly as enables for up to two peripheral devices.
Transmit and receive operations are synchronized between the master (Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers) and slave (peripheral) by means of the
SCLK output. SCLK is derived from the internal processor clock and is the processor clock divided by 2, 4, 8,
or 16.
The serial port can be used in power-save mode, but
the software must adjust the transfer rate to correctly
reflect the new internal operating frequency and must
ensure that the serial port does not receive any information while the frequency is being changed.
48
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PB=0
DR/DT=0
PB=1
DR/DT=0
PB=0
DR/DT=1
PB=1
DR/DT=0
PB=0
DR/DT=1
PB=1
DR/DT=0
PB=0
DR/DT=1
PB=0
DR/DT=0
SDEN
SCLK
SDATA
Poll SSS for
PB=0
Poll SSS for
PB=0
Write to SSD
Write to SSC,
bit DE=1
Write to SSD
PB=1
DR/DT=0
Write to SSD
Write to SSC,
bit DE=0
Figure 11.
PB=0
DR/DT=0
Poll SSS for
PB=0
PB=0
DR/DT=1
Synchronous Serial Interface Multiple Write
PB=1
DR/DT=0
PB=0
DR/DT=1
PB=1
DR/DT=0
PB=0
DR/DT=1
PB=0
DR/DT=0
SDEN
SCLK
SDATA
Poll SSS for
PB=0
Write to SSD
Poll SSS for
PB=0
Read from SSR
(dummy)
Write to SSC,
bit DE=1
Figure 12.
Poll SSS for
PB=0
Read from
SSR
Write to SSC,
bit DE=0
Read from SSR
Synchronous Serial Interface Multiple Read
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
49
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PROGRAMMABLE I/O (PIO) PINS
There are 32 pins on the Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers that are available as user multipurpose
signals. Table 2 and Table 3 on page 30 list the PIO
pins. Each of these pins can be used as a user-programmable input or output signal if the normal shared
function is not needed.
If a pin is enabled to function as a PIO signal, the preassigned signal function is disabled and does not affect
the level on the pin. A PIO signal can be configured to
operate as an input or output with or without a weak
pullup or pulldown, or as an open-drain output.
After power-on reset, the PIO pins default to various
configurations. The column titled Power-On Reset Status in Table 2 and Table 3 on page 30 lists the defaults for
the PIOs. The system initialization code must reconfigure
the PIOs as required.
The A19–A17 address pins default to normal operation
on power-on reset, allowing the processor to correctly
begin fetching instructions at the boot address
FFFF0h. The DT/R, DEN, and SRDY pins also default to
normal operation on power-on reset.
Note that emulators use A19, A18, A17, S6, and UZI.
If the AD15–AD0 bus override is enabled on power-on
reset, then S6/CLKDIV2 and UZI revert to normal operation instead of PIO input with pullup. If BHE/ADEN (186)
or RFSH2/ADEN (188) is held Low during power-on reset
the AD15–AD0 bus override is enabled.
50
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
the functionality of the device is guaranteed.
Storage temperature
Am186EM/Am188EM ..................... –65°C to +125°C
Am186EMLV/Am188EMLV............. –65°C to +125°C
Am186EM/Am188EM Microcontrollers
Commercial (TC) .................................0°C to +100°C
Industrial* (TA)...................................–40°C to +85°C
VCC up to 33 MHz ..................................... 5 V ± 10%
VCC greater than 33 MHz............................ 5 V ± 5%
Voltage on any pin with respect to ground
Am186/188EM ........................... –0.5 V to Vcc +0.5 V
Am186/188EMLV ....................... –0.5 V to V cc +0.5 V
Note: Stresses above those listed under Absolute
Maximum Ratings may cause permanent device failure.
Functionality at or above these limits is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability.
OPERATING RANGES
Operating Ranges define those limits between which
Am186EMLV/Am188EMLV Microcontrollers
Commercial (TA) ................................... 0°C to +70°C
VCC up to 25 MHz ................................. 3.3 V ± 0.3 V
Where:
TC = case temperature
TA = ambient temperature
*Industrial versions of Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers are available in 20 and 25 MHz operating frequencies
only.
DC CHARACTERISTICS OVER COMMERCIAL OPERATING RANGE
Preliminary
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
VIL
Input Low Voltage (Except X1)
Parameter Description
–0.5
0.8
V
VIL1
Clock Input Low Voltage (X1)
–0.5
0.8
V
VIH
Input High Voltage (Except RES and X1)
2.0
VCC + 0.5
V
VIH1
Input High Voltage (RES)
2.4
VCC + 0.5
V
VIH2
Clock Input High Voltage (X1)
VCC – 0.8
VCC + 0.5
V
IOL = 2.5 mA (S2–S0)
IOL = 2.0 mA (others)
0.45
V
IOL = 1.5 mA (S2–S0)
IOL = 1.0 mA (others)
0.45
V
Output Low Voltage
Am186EM and Am188EM
VOL
Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV
Output High Voltage(a)
Am186EM and Am188EM
Test Conditions
2.4
VCC +0.5
V
IOH = –200 µA @ VCC –0.5
VCC –0.5
VCC
V
Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV
IOH = –200 µA @ VCC –0.5
VCC –0.5
VCC
V
Power Supply Current @ 0°C
Am186EM and Am188EM
VCC = 5.5 V (b)
5.9
Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV
VCC = 3.6 V (b)
2.75
mA/
MHz
mA/
MHz
Output Low Voltage
IOL = 2.5 mA (S2–S0)
IOL = 2.0 mA (others)
0.45
V
ILI
Input Leakage Current @ 0.5 MHz
0.45 V ≤ VIN ≤ VCC
±10
µA
ILO
Output Leakage Current @ 0.5 MHz
0.45 V ≤ VOUT ≤ VCC(d)
±10
µA
VCLO
Clock Output Low
ICLO = 4.0 mA
0.45
V
VCHO
Clock Output High
ICHO = –500 µA
VOH
IOH = –2.4 mA @ 2.4 V
ICC
VOL
VCC – 0.5
V
Notes:
a The LCS/ONCE0, MCS3–MCS0, UCS/ONCE1, and RD pins have weak internal pullup resistors. Loading the LCS/ONCE0 and
UCS/ONCE1 pins in excess of IOH = –200 µA during reset can cause the device to go into ONCE mode.
b
Current is measured with the device in RESET with X1 and X2 driven, and all other non-power pins open but held High or Low.
c
Power supply current for the Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV microcontrollers, which are available in 20 and 25 MHz
operating frequencies only.
d
Testing is performed with the pins floating, either during HOLD or by invoking the ONCE mode.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
51
P R E L I M I N A R Y
DC CHARACTERISTICS OVER COMMERCIAL OPERATING RANGE (continued)
Preliminary
Symbol
Parameter Description
Test Conditions
Nominal
Typical Power Supply Current @ 25°C
VCC = 5.5 V (a)
ICC
Nominal
Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV Typical Power Supply Current @ 25°C VCC = 3.6 V (a) (b)
ICC
Typical
4.5
3.0
Peak ICC Measured Peak ICC
VCC = 5.5 V (c)
5.9
Peak ICC Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV Measured Peak ICC
VCC = 3.6 V(b) (c)
4.0
a
Measured with a device running. Not tested and not guaranteed.
b
Power supply current for the Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV microcontrollers, which are available in 20 and 25 MHz
operating frequencies only.
c
Power is measured while device is operating. Not tested and not guaranteed.
Unit
mA/
MHz
mA/
MHz
mA/
MHz
mA/
MHz
Capacitance
Symbol
Parameter Description
CIN
Input Capacitance
CIO
Output or I/O Capacitance
Test Conditions
@ 1 MHz
@ 1 MHz
Note:
Capacitance limits are guaranteed by characterization.
52
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
Preliminary
Min
Max
10
20
Unit
pF
pF
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Power Supply Current
Table 7 shows the variables that are used to calculate
the typical power consumption value for each version
of the Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV microcontrollers.
For the typical system specification shown in Figure 13,
ICC has been measured at 3.0 mA per MHz of system
clock. For the typical system specification shown in Figure 14, ICC has been measured at 4.5 mA per MHz of system clock. The typical system is measured while the
system is executing code in a typical application with maximum voltage and at room temperature. Actual power supply current is dependent on system design and may be
greater or less than the typical ICC figure presented here.
Table 7. Typical Power Consumption Calculation
for the Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV
MHz ⋅ ICC ⋅ Volts / 1000 = P
MHz
Typical ICC
Volts
16
3.0
3.6
20
3.0
3.6
25
3.0
3.6
Typical current in Figure 13 is given by:
................. ICC = 3.0 mA ⋅ freq(MHz).
Typical Power
in Watts
0.173
0.216
0.270
Typical current in Figure 14 is given by:
................. ICC = 4.5 mA ⋅ freq(MHz).
Please note that dynamic ICC measurements are dependent upon chip activity, operating frequency, output
buffer logic, and capacitive/resistive loading of the outputs. For these ICC measurements, the devices were
set to the following modes:
140
120
100
n No DC loads on the output buffers
80
n Output capacitive load set to 35 pF
ICC (mA)
n AD bus set to data only
25 MHz
20 MHz
16 MHz
60
40
n PIOs are disabled
20
n Timer, serial port, refresh, and DMA are enabled
0
10
20
30
Clock Frequency (MHz)
Figure 13. Typical ICC Versus Frequency for the
Am186EMLV and Am188EMLV
280
240
200
40 MHz
160
ICC (mA)
33 MHz
120
20 MHz
80
25 MHz
40
0
10
20
30
40
Clock Frequency (MHz)
Figure 14.
Typical ICC Versus Frequency for the Am186EM and Am188EM
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
53
P R E L I M I N A R Y
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
TQFP Package
The Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers are
specified for operation with case temperature ranges
from 0°C to +100°C for a commercial temperature device. Case temperature is measured at the top center
of the package as shown in Figure 15. The various temperatures and thermal resistances can be determined
using the equations in Figure 16 with information given
in Table 8.
The variable P is power in watts. Typical power
supply current (ICC) for the Am186EM and Am188EM
microcontrollers is 5.9 mA per MHz of clock frequency.
θJA is the sum of θJC and θCA. θJC is the internal thermal resistance of the assembly. θCA is the case to ambient thermal resistance.
θJA
θCA
TC
θJA = θJC + θCA
Figure 15. Thermal Resistance(°C/Watt)
θJA = θJC + θCA
P=5.9 mA ⋅ freq (MHz) ⋅VCC
TJ =TC +( P ⋅ θJC )
TJ =TA + (P ⋅ θJA )
TC =TJ –( P ⋅ θJC )
TC =TA +( P ⋅ θCA )
TA =TJ –( P ⋅ θJA )
TA =TC –( P ⋅ θCA )
Figure 16.
Table 8.
Thermal Characteristics Equations
Thermal Characteristics (°C/Watt)
Package/Board
PQFP/2-Layer
TQFP/2-Layer
PQFP/4-Layer
to 6-Layer
TQFP/4-Layer
to 6-Layer
54
Airflow
(Linear Feet
per Minute)
0 fpm
200 fpm
400 fpm
600 fpm
0 fpm
200 fpm
400 fpm
600 fpm
0 fpm
200 fpm
400 fpm
600 fpm
0 fpm
200 fpm
400 fpm
600 fpm
θJC
θJC
θCA
θJA
7
7
7
7
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
38
32
28
26
46
36
30
28
18
16
14
12
24
22
20
18
45
39
35
33
56
46
40
38
23
21
19
17
30
28
26
24
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Typical Ambient Temperatures
Table 10. Junction Temperature Calculation
TJ = TC + ( P ⋅ θJC )
Speed/
Pkg/
Board
TC
P
θJC
TJ
40/P2
100
1.239
7
108.7
40/T2
100
1.239
10
112.4
40/P4–6
100
1.239
5
106.2
40/T4–6
100
1.239
6
107.4
The 40-MHz microcontroller is specified as 5.0 V, plus
or minus 5%. Therefore, 5.25 V is used for calculating
typical power consumption on the 40-MHz microcontroller.
33/P2
100
1.07085
7
107.5
33/T2
100
1.07085
10
110.7
33/P4–6
100
1.07085
5
105.3
33/T4–6
100
1.07085
6
106.4
Microcontrollers up to 33 MHz are specified as 5.0 V,
plus or minus 10%. Therefore, 5.5 V is used for calculating typical power consumption up to 33 MHz.
25/P2
100
0.81125
7
105.7
25/T2
100
0.81125
10
108.1
25/P4–6
100
0.81125
5
104.1
Typical power supply current (ICC) in normal usage is estimated at 5.9 mA per MHz of microcontroller clock rate.
25/T4–6
100
0.81125
6
104.9
20/P2
100
0.649
7
104.5
Typical power consumption (watts) = (5.9 mA/MHz)
times microcontroller clock rate times voltage divided
by 1000.
20/T2
100
0.649
10
106.5
20/P4–6
100
0.649
5
103.2
20/T4–6
100
0.649
6
103.9
The typical ambient temperature specifications are
based on the following assumptions and calculations:
The commercial operating range of the Am186EM and
Am188EM microcontrollers is a case temperature TC of
0 to 100 degrees Centigrade. TC is measured at the top
center of the package. An increase in the ambient temperature causes a proportional increase in TC.
Table 9 shows the variables that are used to calculate
the typical power consumption value for each version
of the Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers.
Table 9. Typical Power Consumption
Calculation
P = MHz ⋅ ICC ⋅ Volts / 1000
MHz
Typical ICC
Volts
Typical
Power (P) in
Watts
40
5.9
5.25
1.239
33
5.9
5.5
1.07085
25
5.9
5.5
0.81125
20
5.9
5.5
0.649
Thermal resistance is a measure of the ability of a
package to remove heat from a semiconductor device.
A safe operating range for the device can be calculated
using the following formulas from Figure 16 and the
variables in Table 8.
By using the maximum case rating T C , the typical
power consumption value from Table 9, and θJC from
Table 8, the junction temperature TJ can be calculated
by using the following formula from Figure 16.
TJ = TC + ( P ⋅ θJC )
By using TJ from Table 10, the typical power consumption
value from Table 9, and a θJA value from Table 8, the typical ambient temperature TA can be calculated using the
following formula from Figure 16.
TA = TJ – ( P ⋅ θJA )
For example, TA for a 40-MHz PQFP design with a 2layer board and 0 fpm airflow is calculated as follows:
TA = 108.673 – ( 1.239 ⋅ 45 )
TA = 52.918
In this calculation, TJ comes from Table 10, P comes
from Table 9, and θJA comes from Table 8. See Table 11.
TA for a 33-MHz TQFP design with a 4-layer to 6-layer
board and 200 fpm airflow is calculated as follows:
TA = 106.4251 – ( 1.07085 ⋅ 28 )
TA = 76.4413
See Table 14 for the result of this calculation.
Table 11 through Table 14 and Figure 17 through Figure 20 show TA based on the preceding assumptions and
calculations for a range of θJA values with airflow from 0
linear feet per minute to 600 linear feet per minute.
Table 10 shows TJ values for the various versions of the
Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers. The column
titled Speed/Pkg/Board in Table 10 indicates the clock
speed in MHz, the type of package (P for PQFP and T for
TQFP), and the type of board (2 for 2-layer and 4–6 for 4layer to 6-layer).
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
55
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Table 11 shows typical maximum ambient temperatures in degrees Centigrade for a PQFP package used with a
2-layer board. The typical ambient temperatures are based on a 100-degree Centigrade maximum case temperature. Figure 17 illustrates the typical temperatures in Table 11.
Table 11. Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with 2-Layer Board
Microcontroller
Speed
40 MHz
33 MHz
25 MHz
20 MHz
Typical Power
(Watts)
1.239
1.07085
0.81125
0.649
0 fpm
52.918
59.3077
69.1725
75.338
Linear Feet per Minute Airflow
200 fpm
400 fpm
60.352
65.308
65.7328
70.0162
74.04
77.285
79.232
81.828
600 fpm
67.786
72.1579
78.9075
83.126
Typical Ambient Temperature (Degrees C)
90
Legend:
■
80
■
■
◆
◆
■
◆
✶
70
✶
◆
●
✶
60
●
●
✶
●
50
● 40 MHz
✵ 33 MHz
◆ 25 Mhz
■ 20 MHz
40
0 fpm
200 fpm
400 fpm
Airflow (Linear Feet Per Minute)
Figure 17.
56
Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with 2-Layer Board
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
600 fpm
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Table 12 shows typical maximum ambient temperatures in degrees Centigrade for a TQFP package used with a
2-layer board. The typical ambient temperatures are based on a 100-degree Centigrade maximum case temperature. Figure 18 illustrates the typical temperatures in Table 12.
Table 12.
Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with 2-Layer Board
Microcontroller
Speed
40 MHz
33 MHz
25 MHz
20 MHz
Typical Power
(Watts)
1.239
1.07085
0.81125
0.649
Linear Feet per Minute Airflow
200 fpm
400 fpm
55.396
62.83
61.4494
67.8745
70.795
75.6625
76.636
80.53
0 fpm
43.006
50.7409
62.6825
70.146
600 fpm
65.308
70.0162
77.285
81.828
Typical Ambient Temperature (Degrees C)
90
■
■
80
◆
■
70
◆
◆
■
✶
✶
●
✶
◆
●
60
●
✶
Legend:
● 40 MHz
✵ 33 MHz
50
●
◆ 25 Mhz
■ 20 MHz
40
0 fpm
200 fpm
400 fpm
600 fpm
Airflow (Linear Feet Per Minute)
Figure 18.
Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with 2-Layer Board
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
57
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Table 13 shows typical maximum ambient temperatures in degrees Centigrade for a PQFP package used with a
4-layer to 6-layer board. The typical ambient temperatures are based on a 100-degree Centigrade maximum case
temperature. Figure 19 illustrates the typical temperatures in Table 13.
Table 13. Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with 4-Layer to 6-Layer Board
Microcontroller
Speed
40 MHz
33 MHz
25 MHz
20 MHz
Typical Power
(Watts)
1.239
1.07085
0.81125
0.649
Linear Feet per Minute Airflow
200 fpm
400 fpm
80.176
82.654
82.8664
85.0081
87.02
88.6425
89.616
90.914
0 fpm
77.698
80.7247
85.3975
88.318
600 fpm
85.132
87.1498
90.265
92.212
95
Typical Ambient Temperature (Degrees C)
■
Legend:
● 40 MHz
✵ 33 MHz
■
90
■
◆
◆
■
✶
◆
85
◆
✶
✶
✶
80
●
●
●
●
75
◆ 25 Mhz
■ 20 MHz
70
0 fpm
200 fpm
400 fpm
600 fpm
Airflow (Linear Feet Per Minute)
Figure 19.
58
Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with 4-Layer to 6-Layer Board
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Table 14 shows typical maximum ambient temperatures in degrees Centigrade for a TQFP package used with a
4-layer to 6-layer board. The typical ambient temperatures are based on a 100-degree Centigrade maximum case
temperature. Figure 20 illustrates the typical temperatures in Table 14.
Table 14. Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with 4-Layer to 6-Layer Board
Microcontroller
Speed
40 MHz
33 MHz
25 MHz
20 MHz
Typical Power
(Watts)
1.239
1.07085
0.81125
0.649
Linear Feet per Minute Airflow
200 fpm
400 fpm
72.742
75.22
76.4413
78.583
82.1525
83.775
85.722
87.02
0 fpm
70.264
74.2996
80.53
84.424
600 fpm
77.698
80.7247
85.3975
88.318
Typical Ambient Temperature (Degrees C)
95
Legend:
● 40 MHz
✵ 33 MHz
90
■
■
■
85
◆
■
◆
◆
✶
◆
80
✶
●
✶
●
75
✶
●
◆ 25 Mhz
■ 20 MHz
70
●
0 fpm
200 fpm
400 fpm
600 fpm
Airflow (Linear Feet Per Minute)
Figure 20.
Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with 4-Layer to 6-Layer Board
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
59
P R E L I M I N A R Y
COMMERCIAL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS AND WAVEFORMS
In the switching waveforms that follow, several abbreviations are used to indicate the specific periods of a
bus cycle. These periods are referred to as time states.
A typical bus cycle is composed of four consecutive
time states: t1, t2, t3, and t4. Wait states, which represent
multiple t3 states, are referred to as tw states. When no bus
cycle is pending, an idle (ti) state occurs.
In the switching parameter descriptions, the multiplexed address is referred to as the AD address bus; the
demultiplexed address is referred to as the A address
bus.
Key to Switching Waveforms
WAVEFORM
60
INPUT
OUTPUT
Must be
Steady
Will be
Steady
May
Change
from H to L
Will be
Changing
from H to L
May
Change
from L to H
Will be
Changing
from L to H
Don’t Care,
Any Change
Permitted
Changing,
State
Unknown
Does Not
Apply
Center
Line is HighImpedance
Off State
Invalid
Invalid
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Alphabetical Key to Switching Parameter Symbols
Parameter
Symbol
No.
Description
Parameter
Symbol
No.
tARYCH
49
ARDY Resolution Transition Setup Time
tCLDX
2
Data in Hold
tARYCHL
51
ARDY Inactive Holding Time
tCLEV
71
CLKOUTA Low to SDEN Valid
tARYLCL
52
ARDY Setup Time
tCLHAV
62
HLDA Valid Delay
tAVBL
87
A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low
tCLRF
82
CLKOUTA High to RFSH Invalid
tAVCH
14
AD Address Valid to Clock High
tCLRH
27
RD Inactive Delay
tAVLL
12
AD Address Valid to ALE Low
tCLRL
25
RD Active Delay
tAVRL
66
A Address Valid to RD Low
tCLSH
4
Status Inactive Delay
tAVWL
65
A Address Valid to WR Low
tAZRL
24
AD Address Float to RD Active
tCH1CH2
45
tCHAV
68
tCHCK
Description
tCLSL
72
CLKOUTA Low to SCLK Low
tCLSRY
48
SRDY Transition Hold Time
CLKOUTA Rise Time
tCLTMV
55
Timer Output Delay
CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid
tCOAOB
83
CLKOUTA to CLKOUTB Skew
38
X1 High Time
tCVCTV
20
Control Active Delay 1
tCHCL
44
CLKOUTA High Time
tCVCTX
31
Control Inactive Delay
tCHCSV
67
CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid
tCVDEX
21
DEN Inactive Delay
tCHCSX
18
MCS/PCS Inactive Delay
tCXCSX
17
MCS/PCS Hold from Command Inactive
tCHCTV
22
Control Active Delay 2
tDVCL
1
Data in Setup
tCHCV
64
Command Lines Valid Delay (after Float)
tDVSH
75
Data Valid to SCLK High
tCHCZ
63
Command Lines Float Delay
tDXDL
19
DEN Inactive to DT/R Low
tCHDX
8
Status Hold Time
tHVCL
58
HOLD Setup
tCHLH
9
ALE Active Delay
tINVCH
53
Peripheral Setup Time
tCHLL
11
ALE Inactive Delay
tINVCL
54
DRQ Setup Time
tCHRFD
79
CLKOUTA High to RFSH valid
tLCRF
86
LCS Inactive to RFSH Active Delay
tCHSV
3
Status Active Delay
tLHAV
23
ALE High to Address Valid
tCICOA
69
X1 to CLKOUTA Skew
tLHLL
10
ALE Width
tCICOB
70
X1 to CLKOUTB Skew
tLLAX
13
AD Address Hold from ALE Inactive
tCKHL
39
X1 Fall Time
tLOCK
61
Maximum PLL Lock Time
tCKIN
36
X1 Period
tLRLL
84
LCS Precharge Pulse Width
tCKLH
40
X1 Rise Time
tRESIN
57
RES Setup Time
tCL2CL1
46
CLKOUTA Fall Time
tRFCY
85
RFSH Cycle Time
tCLARX
50
ARDY Active Hold Time
tRHAV
29
RD Inactive to AD Address Active
tCLAV
5
AD Address Valid Delay
tRHDX
59
RD High to Data Hold on AD Bus
tCLAX
6
Address Hold
tRHLH
28
RD Inactive to ALE High
tCLAZ
15
AD Address Float Delay
tRLRH
26
RD Pulse Width
tCLCH
43
CLKOUTA Low Time
tSHDX
77
SCLK High to SPI Data Hold
tCLCK
37
X1 Low Time
tSLDV
78
SCLK Low to SPI Data Valid
tCLCL
42
CLKOUTA Period
tSRYCL
47
SRDY Transition Setup Time
tCLCLX
80
LCS Inactive Delay
tWHDEX
35
WR Inactive to DEN Inactive
tCLCSL
81
LCS Active Delay
tWHDX
34
Data Hold after WR
tCLCSV
16
MCS/PCS Active Delay
tWHLH
33
WR Inactive to ALE High
tCLDOX
30
Data Hold Time
tWLWH
32
WR Pulse Width
tCLDV
7
Data Valid Delay
Note:
The following parameters are not defined or used as this time: 41, 56, 60, 73, 74, 76.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
61
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Numerical Key to Switching Parameter Symbols
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Parameter
Symbol
tDVCL
tCLDX
tCHSV
tCLSH
tCLAV
tCLAX
tCLDV
tCHDX
tCHLH
tLHLL
tCHLL
tAVLL
13
tLLAX
14
15
16
tAVCH
tCLAZ
tCLCSV
17
tCXCSX
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
42
tCHCSX
tDXDL
tCVCTV
tCVDEX
tCHCTV
tLHAV
tAZRL
tCLRL
tRLRH
tCLRH
tRHLH
tRHAV
tCLDOX
tCVCTX
tWLWH
tWHLH
tWHDX
tWHDEX
tCKIN
tCLCK
tCHCK
tCKHL
tCKLH
tCLCL
Description
Data in Setup
Data in Hold
Status Active Delay
Status Inactive Delay
AD Address Valid Delay
Address Hold
Data Valid Delay
Status Hold Time
ALE Active Delay
ALE Width
ALE Inactive Delay
AD Address Valid to ALE Low
AD Address Hold from ALE
Inactive
AD Address Valid to Clock High
AD Address Float Delay
MCS/PCS Active Delay
MCS/PCS Hold from Command
Inactive
MCS/PCS Inactive Delay
DEN Inactive to DT/R Low
Control Active Delay 1
DEN Inactive Delay
Control Active Delay 2
ALE High to Address Valid
AD Address Float to RD Active
RD Active Delay
RD Pulse Width
RD Inactive Delay
RD Inactive to ALE High
RD Inactive to AD address Active
Data Hold Time
Control Inactive Delay
WR Pulse Width
WR Inactive to ALE High
Data Hold after WR
WR Inactive to DEN Inactive
X1 Period
X1 Low Time
X1 High Time
X1 Fall Time
X1 Rise Time
CLKOUTA Period
Number
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Parameter
Symbol
tCLCH
tCHCL
tCH1CH2
tCL2CL1
tSRYCL
tCLSRY
tARYCH
tCLARX
tARYCHL
tARYLCL
tINVCH
tINVCL
55
tCLTMV
Timer Output Delay
57
58
59
tRESIN
tHVCL
tRHDX
RES Setup Time
HOLD Setup
RD High to Data Hold on AD Bus
61
tLOCK
Maximum PLL Lock Time
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
75
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
tCLHAV
tCHCZ
tCHCV
tAVWL
tAVRL
tCHCSV
tCHAV
tCICOA
tCICOB
tCLEV
tCLSL
tDVSH
tSHDX
tSLDV
tCHRFD
tCLCLX
tCLCSL
tCLRF
tCOAOB
tLRLL
tRFCY
tLCRF
tAVBL
Description
CLKOUTA Low Time
CLKOUTA High Time
CLKOUTA Rise Time
CLKOUTA Fall Time
SRDY Transition Setup Time
SRDY Transition Hold Time
ARDY Resolution Transition Setup Time
ARDY Active Hold Time
ARDY Inactive Holding Time
ARDY Setup Time
Peripheral Setup Time
DRQ Setup Time
HLDA Valid Delay
Command Lines Float Delay
Command Lines Valid Delay (after Float)
A Address Valid to WR Low
A Address Valid to RD Low
CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid
CLKOUTA High to Address Valid
X1 to CLKOUTA Skew
X1 to CLKOUTB Skew
CLKOUTA Low to SDEN Valid
CLKOUTA Low to SCLK Low
Data Valid to SCLK High
SCLK High to SPI Data Hold
SCLK Low to SPI Data Valid
CLKOUTA High to RFSH Valid
LCS Inactive Delay
LCS Active Delay
CLKOUTA High to RFSH Invalid
CLKOUTA to CLKOUTB Skew
LCS Precharge Pulse Width
RFSH Cycle Time
LCS Inactive to RFSH Active Delay
A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low
Note:
The following parameters are not defined or used at this time: 41, 56, 60, 73, 74, and 76.
62
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Read Cycle (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Requirements
1
tDVCL Data in Setup
2
tCLDX Data in Hold(c)
General Timing Responses
3
tCHSV Status Active Delay
4
tCLSH Status Inactive Delay
5
tCLAV AD Address Valid Delay and BHE
6
tCLAX Address Hold
8
tCHDX Status Hold Time
9
tCHLH ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
11
12
tCHLL
tAVLL
ALE Width
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
10
3
0
0
0
0
0
10
3
25
25
25
25
25
20
20
20
20
20
25
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
tCLCH –2
tCLCH –2
ns
ns
tCHCL –2
tCHCL –2
ns
0
tCLAX =0
0
25
25
tCLCH –2
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
26
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
27
28
tCLRH
tRHLH
29
tRHAV
59
tRHDX
RD Inactive Delay
0
RD Inactive to ALE High(a)
tCLCH –3
RD Inactive to AD Address
tCLCL –10=40
Active(a)
(c)
RD High to Data Hold on AD Bus
0
66
tAVRL
A Address Valid to RD Low(a)
67
68
tCHCSV
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid
CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid
ns
ns
tCLCL –10=
30
tCLCL –10=40
ALE Inactive Delay
AD Address Valid to ALE Low(a)
AD Address Hold from ALE
13
tLLAX
Inactive(a)
14
tAVCH AD Address Valid to Clock High
15
tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay
16
tCLCSV MCS/PCS Active Delay
MCS/PCS Hold from Command
17
tCXCSX
Inactive(a)
18
tCHCSX MCS/PCS Inactive Delay
19
tDXDL DEN Inactive to DT/R Low(a)
20
tCVCTV Control Active Delay 1(b)
21
tCVDEX DEN Inactive Delay
22
tCHCTV Control Active Delay 2(b)
23
tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid
Read Cycle Timing Responses
24
tAZRL
AD Address Float to RD Active
25
tCLRL
RD Active Delay
0
0
0
0
0
Unit
0
tCLAX =0
0
20
20
tCLCH –2
25
0
0
0
0
0
15
25
25
25
25
2tCLCL –15=85
25
2tCLCL –15=85
0
0
20
25
25
0
0
2tCLCL –15=
65
0
tCLCH –3
tCLCL –10=
30
0
2tCLCL –15=
65
0
0
ns
ns
ns
ns
20
20
20
20
20
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
20
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
20
20
ns
ns
Note:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the DEN, INTA1–INTA0, WR, WHB, and WLB signals.
c
If either spec 2 or spec 59 is met with respect to data hold time, the part will function correctly.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
63
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Read Cycle (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Requirements
1
tDVCL Data in Setup
2
tCLDX Data in Hold(c)
General Timing Responses
3
tCHSV Status Active Delay
4
tCLSH Status Inactive Delay
5
tCLAV AD Address Valid Delay and BHE
6
tCLAX Address Hold
7
tCLDV Data Valid Delay
8
tCHDX Status Hold Time
9
tCHLH ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
11
12
tCHLL
tAVLL
ALE Width
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
8
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
15
15
15
25
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
ALE Inactive Delay
AD Address Valid to ALE Low(a)
tCLCH –2
AD Address Hold from ALE
13
tLLAX
tCHCL–2
Inactive(a)
14
tAVCH AD Address Valid to Clock High
0
15
tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay
tCLAX =0
16
tCLCSV MCS/PCS Active Delay
0
MCS/PCS Hold from Command
17
tCXCSX
tCLCH –2
Inactive(a)
18
tCHCSX MCS/PCS Inactive Delay
0
19
tDXDL DEN Inactive to DT/R Low(a)
0
20
tCVCTV Control Active Delay 1(b)
0
21
tCVDEX DEN Inactive Delay
0
(b)
22
tCHCTV Control Active Delay 2
0
23
tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid
10
Read Cycle Timing Responses
24
tAZRL
AD Address Float to RD Active
0
25
tCLRL
RD Active Delay
0
26
tRLRH RD Pulse Width
2tCLCL –15=45
27
tCLRH RD Inactive Delay
0
28
tRHLH RD Inactive to ALE High(a)
tCLCH –3
RD Inactive to AD Address
29
tRHAV
tCLCL –10=20
Active(a)
59
tRHDX RD High to Data Hold on AD Bus(c)
0
66
tAVRL A Address Valid to RD Low(a)
2tCLCL –15=45
67
tCHCSV CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid
0
68
tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid
0
ns
ns
12
12
12
20
12
12
tCLCL –5
=20
tCLCL –10=20
15
tCLCH –2
ns
ns
tCHCL –2
ns
0
tCLAX =0
0
12
12
tCLCH –2
15
0
0
0
0
0
7.5
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
12
15
15
Unit
0
0
2tCLCL –10=40
0
tCLCH –2
tCLCL –5
=20
0
2tCLCL –10=40
0
0
ns
ns
ns
ns
12
12
12
12
10
12
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
10
10
ns
ns
ns
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the DEN, INTA1–INTA0, WR, WHB, and WLB signals.
c
If either spec 2 or spec 59 is met with respect to data hold time, the part will function correctly.
64
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Read Cycle Waveforms
t1
t2
t3
t4
tW
CLKOUTA
66
A19–A0
Address
8
68
S6
S6
S6
14
1
6
AD15–AD0*,
AD7–AD0**
Address
Data
2
Address
AO15–AO8**
23
29
11
9
59
ALE
15
10
RD
28
24
26
12
5
27
25
BHE*
BHE
67
18
13
LCS, UCS
16
MCS1–MCS0,
PCS6–PCS5,
PCS3–PCS0
17
20
21
DEN
19
DT/R
*** 22
4
S2–S0
*** 22
Status
3
UZI
Notes:
*
Am186EM microcontroller only
**
Am188EM microcontroller only
Changes in t4 phase of the clock preceding next bus cycle if followed by read, INTA, or halt
***
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
65
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Write Cycle (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Responses
Unit
3
tCHSV
Status Active Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
4
tCLSH
Status Inactive Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
5
tCLAV
AD Address Valid Delay and BHE
0
25
0
20
ns
6
tCLAX
Address Hold
0
25
0
20
ns
7
tCLDV
Data Valid Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
8
tCHDX
Status Hold Time
0
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
12
0
25
tCLCL –10=
40
tCLCL –10=
30
25
Low(a)
tAVLL
AD Address Valid to ALE
13
tLLAX
AD Address Hold from ALE
Inactive(a)
14
tAVCH
16
ns
20
ns
ns
20
ns
tCLCH
tCLCH
ns
tCHCL
tCHCL
ns
AD Address Valid to Clock High
0
0
ns
tCLCSV
MCS/PCS Active Delay
0
17
tCXCSX
MCS/PCS Hold from Command
Inactive(a)
18
tCHCSX
MCS/PCS Inactive Delay
19
tDXDL
DEN Inactive to DT/R
Low(a)
1(b)
25
tCLCH
0
0
20
tCLCH
25
0
0
ns
ns
20
0
ns
ns
20
tCVCTV
Control Active Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
22
tCHCTV
Control Active Delay 2
0
25
0
20
ns
23
tLHAV
ALE High to Address Valid
20
15
ns
Write Cycle Timing Responses
30
tCLDOX
Data Hold Time
0
31
tCVCTX
Control Inactive Delay(b)
0
32
tWLWH
WR Pulse Width
33
tWHLH
WR Inactive to ALE High(a)
0
25
2tCLCL –10
=90
0
ns
20
ns
2tCLCL –10
=70
ns
tCLCH –2
tCLCH –2
ns
tCLCL –10=
40
tCLCL –10=
30
ns
tCLCH –3
tCLCH –3
ns
tCLCL +tCHCL
–3
tCLCL +tCHCL
–3
ns
34
tWHDX
Data Hold after WR(a)
35
tWHDEX
WR Inactive to DEN Inactive(a)
65
tAVWL
A Address Valid to WR Low
67
tCHCSV
CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid
0
25
0
20
ns
68
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to A Address
Valid
0
25
0
20
ns
87
tAVBL
A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low
tCHCL –3
25
tCHCL –3
20
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the DEN, INTA1–INTA0, WR, WHB, and WLB signals.
66
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Write Cycle (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Responses
Unit
3
tCHSV
Status Active Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
4
tCLSH
Status Inactive Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
5
tCLAV
AD Address Valid Delay and BHE
0
15
0
12
ns
6
tCLAX
Address Hold
0
25
0
20
ns
7
tCLDV
Data Valid Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
8
tCHDX
Status Hold Time
0
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
12
0
15
tCLCL –10=
20
tCLCL –5
=20
15
Low(a)
tAVLL
AD Address Valid to ALE
13
tLLAX
AD Address Hold from ALE
Inactive(a)
14
tAVCH
16
ns
12
ns
ns
12
ns
tCLCH
tCLCH
ns
tCHCL
tCHCL
ns
AD Address Valid to Clock High
0
0
ns
tCLCSV
MCS/PCS Active Delay
0
17
tCXCSX
MCS/PCS Hold from Command
Inactive(a)
18
tCHCSX
MCS/PCS Inactive Delay
19
tDXDL
DEN Inactive to DT/R
Low(a)
1(b)
15
tCLCH
0
0
12
tCLCH
15
0
0
ns
ns
12
0
ns
ns
20
tCVCTV
Control Active Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
22
tCHCTV
Control Active Delay 2
0
15
0
12
ns
23
tLHAV
ALE High to Address Valid
10
7.5
ns
Write Cycle Timing Responses
30
tCLDOX
Data Hold Time
0
31
tCVCTX
Control Inactive Delay(b)
0
32
tWLWH
WR Pulse Width
33
tWHLH
WR Inactive to ALE High(a)
0
15
2tCLCL –10
=50
0
ns
12
ns
2tCLCL –10
=40
ns
tCLCH –2
tCLCH –2
ns
tCLCL –10=
20
tCLCL –10=
15
ns
tCLCH –5
tCLCH
ns
tCLCL +tCHCL
–3
tCLCL +tCHCL
–1.25
ns
34
tWHDX
Data Hold after WR(a)
35
tWHDEX
WR Inactive to DEN Inactive(a)
65
tAVWL
A Address Valid to WR Low
67
tCHCSV
CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid
0
15
0
10
ns
68
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to A Address
Valid
0
15
0
10
ns
87
tAVBL
A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low
tCHCL –3
15
tCHCL –1.25
12
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the DEN, INTA1–INTA0, WR, WHB, and WLB signals.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
67
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Write Cycle Waveforms
t1
t2
t3
t4
tW
CLKOUTA
65
A19–A0
Address
68
8
S6
S6
S6
14
7
AD15–AD0*,
AD7–AD0**
30
Address
Data
6
AO15–AO8**
Address
23
11
9
34
13
ALE
31
10
33
32
WR
12
20
20
31
87
WHB*, WLB*
WB**
5
BHE
BHE*
67
LCS, UCS
18
16
MCS3–MCS0,
PCS6–PCS5,
PCS3–PCS0
17
35
20
31
DEN
19
DT/R
22
***
22
Status
S2–S0
3
4
UZI
Note:
*
Am186EM microcontroller only
**
Am188EM microcontroller only
Changes in t4 phase of the clock preceding next bus cycle if followed by read, INTA, or halt.
***
68
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
***
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
PSRAM Read Cycle (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Requirements
1
2
tDVCL
tCLDX
Data in Setup
Data in Hold
(b)
Unit
10
10
ns
3
3
ns
General Timing Responses
5
tCLAV
AD Address Valid Delay and BHE
0
25
0
20
ns
7
tCLDV
Data Valid Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
8
tCHDX
Status Hold Time
0
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
23
tLHAV
ALE High to Address Valid
20
80
tCLCLX
LCS Inactive Delay
0
25
81
tCLCSL
LCS Active Delay
0
25
84
tLRLL
0
25
tCLCL –10=
40
tCLCL –10=
30
25
ns
ns
20
15
tCLCL + tCLCH
–3
LCS Precharge Pulse Width
ns
20
ns
ns
0
20
ns
0
20
ns
tCLCL + tCLCH
–3
ns
Read Cycle Timing Responses
24
tAZRL
AD Address Float to RD Active
0
25
tCLRL
RD Active Delay
0
26
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
2tCLCL –15
=85
27
tCLRH
RD Inactive Delay
28
tRHLH
RD Inactive to ALE High(a)
59
tRHDX
RD High to Data Hold on AD
0
0
25
66
tAVRL
A Address Valid to RD Low
68
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid
ns
20
2tCLCL –15
=65
25
tCLCH –3
Bus(b)
0
0
ns
ns
20
ns
tCLCH –3
ns
0
0
ns
2tCLCL –15
=85
2tCLCL –15
=65
ns
0
25
0
20
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
If either spec 2 or spec 59 is met with respect to data hold time, the part will function correctly.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
69
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over Commercial operating range
PSRAM Read Cycle (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Requirements
1
2
tDVCL
tCLDX
Data in Setup
Data in Hold
(b)
Unit
8
5
ns
3
2
ns
General Timing Responses
5
tCLAV
AD Address Valid Delay and BHE
0
15
0
12
ns
7
tCLDV
Data Valid Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
8
tCHDX
Status Hold Time
0
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
23
tLHAV
ALE High to Address Valid
10
80
tCLCLX
LCS Inactive Delay
0
15
81
tCLCSL
LCS Active Delay
0
15
84
tLRLL
0
15
tCLCL –10=
20
tCLCL –5=
20
15
ns
ns
12
7.5
tCLCL + tCLCH
–3
LCS Precharge Pulse Width
ns
12
ns
ns
0
12
ns
0
12
ns
tCLCL + tCLCH
–1.25
ns
Read Cycle Timing Responses
24
tAZRL
AD Address Float to RD Active
0
25
tCLRL
RD Active Delay
0
26
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
2tCLCL –15
=45
27
tCLRH
RD Inactive Delay
28
tRHLH
RD Inactive to ALE High(a)
59
tRHDX
RD High to Data Hold on AD
0
0
15
66
tAVRL
A Address Valid to RD Low
68
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid
ns
10
2tCLCL –10
=40
15
tCLCH –3
Bus(b)
0
0
ns
ns
12
ns
tCLCH –1.25
ns
0
0
ns
2tCLCL –15
=45
2tCLCL –10
=40
ns
0
15
0
10
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
If either spec 2 or spec 59 is met with respect to data hold time, the part will function correctly.
70
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PSRAM Read Cycle Waveforms
t1
t3
t2
t4
t1
tW
CLKOUTA
66
Address
A19–A0
8
68
S6
S6
S6
1
7
AD15–AD0*,
AD7–AD0**
Address
Data
Address
2
Address
AO15–AO8**
23
9
11
59
ALE
10
28
24
26
RD
27
5
25
27
LCS
80
81
80
84
Notes:
*
Am186EM microcontroller only
**
Am188EM microcontroller only
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
71
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
PSRAM Write Cycle (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Responses
AD Address Valid Delay and
5
tCLAV
BHE
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
0
25
0
20
ns
25
0
20
ns
7
tCLDV
Data Valid Delay
0
8
tCHDX
Status Hold Time
0
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
23
tLHAV
ALE High to Address Valid
tCLCL –10=40
20
tCVCTV
Control Active Delay
80
tCLCLX
LCS Inactive Delay
81
tCLCSL
LCS Active Delay
84
tLRLL
0
25
LCS Precharge Pulse Width
ns
20
tCLCL –10=30
25
1(b)
Unit
20
ns
ns
20
15
ns
ns
0
25
0
20
ns
0
25
0
20
ns
0
25
0
20
ns
tCLCL + tCLCH
tCLCL + tCLCH –
3
–3
Write Cycle Timing Responses
30
tCLDOX
Data Hold Time
0
31
tCVCTX
Control Inactive Delay(b)
0
32
tWLWH
WR Pulse Width
33
tWHLH
WR Inactive to ALE High(a)
34
tWHDX
Data Hold after WR(a)
65
tAVWL
A Address Valid to WR Low
tCLCL +tCHCL
–3
68
tCHAV
87
tAVBL
CLKOUTA High to A
Address Valid
A Address Valid to WHB,
WLB Low
0
25
2tCLCL–10
=90
0
ns
20
ns
2tCLCL –10
=70
ns
tCLCH –2
tCLCH –2
ns
tCLCL –10=40
tCLCL –10=30
ns
tCLCL +tCHCL
–3
ns
0
25
0
20
ns
tCHCL –3
25
tCHCL –3
20
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the DEN, WR, WHB, and WLB signals.
72
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
PSRAM Write Cycle (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Responses
AD Address Valid Delay and
5
tCLAV
BHE
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
0
15
0
12
ns
15
0
12
ns
7
tCLDV
Data Valid Delay
0
8
tCHDX
Status Hold Time
0
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
20
tCVCTV
0
15
tCLCL –10=20
15
Control Active Delay 1(b)
0
15
tLHAV
ALE High to Address Valid
10
80
tCLCLX
LCS Inactive Delay
0
15
81
tCLCSL
LCS Active Delay
0
15
tLRLL
LCS Precharge Pulse Width
ns
12
tCLCL –5=20
23
84
Unit
0
ns
ns
12
ns
12
ns
7.5
ns
0
12
ns
0
12
ns
tCLCL + tCLCH
tCLCL + tCLCH
–3
–1.25
Write Cycle Timing Responses
30
tCLDOX
Data Hold Time
0
31
tCVCTX
Control Inactive Delay(b)
0
32
tWLWH
WR Pulse Width
33
tWHLH
WR Inactive to ALE High(a)
34
tWHDX
Data Hold after WR(a)
65
tAVWL
A Address Valid to WR Low
tCLCL +tCHCL
–3
68
tCHAV
87
tAVBL
CLKOUTA High to A
Address Valid
A Address Valid to WHB,
WLB Low
0
15
2tCLCL –10
=50
0
ns
12
ns
2tCLCL –10
=40
ns
tCLCH –2
tCLCH –2
ns
tCLCL –10=20
tCLCL –10=15
ns
tCLCL +tCHCL
–1.25
ns
0
15
0
10
ns
tCHCL –3
15
tCHCL –1.25
12
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the DEN, WR, WHB, and WLB signals.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
73
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PSRAM Write Cycle Waveforms
t1
t2
t3
t1
t4
tW
CLKOUTA
65
Address
A19–A0
68
8
S6
S6
S6
7
AD15–AD0*,
AD7–AD0**
30
Address
Data
Address
AO15–AO8**
23
11
9
ALE
34
10
33
32
WR
31
5
20
20
WHB*, WLB*
WB**
LCS
87
80
84
81
Notes:
*
Am186EM microcontroller only
**
Am188EM microcontroller only
74
31
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
80
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
PSRAM Refresh Cycle (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Responses
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
25
tCLCL –10=
40
20
tCLCL –10=
30
25
Unit
ns
ns
20
ns
20
ns
Read/Write Cycle Timing Responses
25
tCLRL
RD Active Delay
0
2tCLCL –15
=85
26
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
27
tCLRH
RD Inactive Delay
0
High(a)
25
0
2tCLCL –15
=65
25
tCLCH –3
0
ns
20
tCLCH –3
ns
28
tRHLH
RD Inactive to ALE
80
tCLCLX
LCS Inactive Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
ns
81
tCLCSL
LCS Active Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
Refresh Timing Cycle Parameters
79
tCLRFD
CLKOUTA Low to RFSH Valid
0
25
0
20
ns
82
tCLRF
CLKOUTA High to RFSH Invalid
0
25
0
20
ns
85
tRFCY
RFSH Cycle Time
6 • tCLCL
6 • tCLCL
86
tLCRF
LCS Inactive to RFSH Active Delay
2tCLCL –3
2tCLCL –3
ns
Note:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
75
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
PSRAM Refresh Cycle (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Responses
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
15
12
tCLCL –5
=20
tCLCL –10=20
15
Unit
ns
ns
12
ns
10
ns
Read/Write Cycle Timing Responses
25
tCLRL
RD Active Delay
0
2tCLCL –15
=45
26
tRLRH
RD Pulse Width
27
tCLRH
RD Inactive Delay
0
High(a)
15
0
2tCLCL –10
=40
15
tCLCH –3
0
ns
12
tCLCH –2
ns
28
tRHLH
RD Inactive to ALE
80
tCLCLX
LCS Inactive Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
ns
81
tCLCSL
LCS Active Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
Refresh Timing Cycle Parameters
79
tCLRFD
CLKOUTA Low to RFSH Valid
0
15
0
12
ns
82
tCLRF
CLKOUTA High to RFSH Invalid
0
15
0
12
ns
85
tRFCY
RFSH Cycle Time
6 • tCLCL
6 • tCLCL
86
tLCRF
LCS Inactive to RFSH Active Delay
2tCLCL –3
2tCLCL –1.25
ns
Note:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
76
Equal loading on referenced pins.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PSRAM Refresh Cycle Waveforms
t1
t2
t3
t4
t1
tW *
CLKOUTA
Address
A19–A0
11
9
ALE
27
10
28
26
RD
80
27
25
81
LCS
79
RFSH
82
85
86
Note:
* The period tw is fixed at 3 wait states for PSRAM auto refresh only.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
77
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Requirements
Unit
1
tDVCL
Data in Setup
10
10
ns
2
tCLDX
Data in Hold
3
3
ns
General Timing Responses
3
tCHSV
Status Active Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
4
tCLSH
Status Inactive Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
7
tCLDV
Data Valid Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
8
tCHDX
Status Hold Time
0
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
12
tAVLL
AD Address Invalid to ALE
Low(a)
15
tCLAZ
AD Address Float Delay
19
tDXDL
DEN Inactive to DT/R Low(a)
0
25
tCLCL –10=40
20
tCVCTV
Control Active Delay
21
tCVDEX
22
tCHCTV
20
tCLCL –10=30
25
tCLCH
tCLAX =0
1(b)
ns
ns
20
tCLCH
25
0
tCLAX =0
ns
ns
ns
20
0
ns
ns
0
25
0
20
ns
DEN Inactive Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
Control Active Delay 2(c)
0
25
0
20
ns
23
tLHAV
ALE High to Address Valid
20
31
tCVCTX
Control Inactive Delay(b)
0
25
15
0
20
ns
ns
68
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to A Address
Valid
0
25
0
20
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the INTA1–INTA0 signals.
c
This parameter applies to the DEN and DT/R signals.
78
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Requirements
Unit
1
tDVCL
Data in Setup
8
5
ns
2
tCLDX
Data in Hold
3
2
ns
General Timing Responses
3
tCHSV
Status Active Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
4
tCLSH
Status Inactive Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
7
tCLDV
Data Valid Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
8
tCHDX
Status Hold Time
0
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
12
tAVLL
AD Address Invalid to ALE
Low(a)
15
tCLAZ
AD Address Float Delay
19
tDXDL
DEN Inactive to DT/R Low(a)
0
15
tCLCL –10=20
20
tCVCTV
Control Active Delay
21
tCVDEX
22
tCHCTV
12
tCLCL –5=20
15
tCLCH
tCLAX =0
1(b)
ns
ns
12
tCLCH
15
0
tCLAX =0
ns
ns
ns
12
0
ns
ns
0
15
0
12
ns
DEN Inactive Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
Control Active Delay 2(c)
0
15
0
12
ns
23
tLHAV
ALE High to Address Valid
10
31
tCVCTX
Control Inactive Delay(b)
0
15
7.5
0
12
ns
ns
68
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to A Address
Valid
0
15
0
10
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the INTA1–INTA0 signals.
c
This parameter applies to the DEN and DT/R signals.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
79
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle Waveforms
t1
t2
t3
t4
tW
CLKOUTA
68
A19–A0
Address
7
S6
8
S6
S6
1
AD15–AD0*,
AD7–AD0**
2 (b)
12
Ptr
15
AO15–AO8**
Address
23
9
ALE
10
11
BHE
BHE*
31
INTA1–INTA0
20
DEN
22
19 (c)
21
22
DT/R
4 (a)
3
22 (d)
Status
S2–S0
Notes:
*
Am186EM microcontroller only
**
Am188EM microcontroller only
a The status bits become inactive in the state preceding t4.
b The data hold time lasts only until the interrupt acknowledge signal deasserts, even if the interrupt acknowledge
transition occurs prior to tCLDX (min).
c This parameter applies for an interrupt acknowledge cycle that follows a write cycle.
d If followed by a write cycle, this change occurs in the state preceding that write cycle.
80
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Software Halt Cycle (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Responses
Unit
3
tCHSV
Status Active Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
4
tCLSH
Status Inactive Delay
0
25
0
20
ns
5
tCLAV
AD Address Invalid Delay and
BHE
0
25
0
20
ns
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
20
ns
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
19
tDXDL
DEN Inactive to DT/R Low(a)
22
68
25
tCLCL –10=40
tCLCL –10=30
25
2(b)
tCHCTV
Control Active Delay
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to A Address
Invalid
0
ns
20
0
ns
ns
0
25
0
20
ns
0
25
0
20
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the DEN signal.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
81
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Software Halt Cycle (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
General Timing Responses
Unit
3
tCHSV
Status Active Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
4
tCLSH
Status Inactive Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
5
tCLAV
AD Address Invalid Delay and
BHE
0
15
0
12
ns
9
tCHLH
ALE Active Delay
12
ns
10
tLHLL
ALE Width
11
tCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay
19
tDXDL
DEN Inactive to DT/R Low(a)
22
68
15
tCLCL –10=20
tCLCL –5=20
15
2(b)
tCHCTV
Control Active Delay
tCHAV
CLKOUTA High to A Address
Invalid
0
ns
12
0
ns
ns
0
15
0
12
ns
0
15
0
10
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
Equal loading on referenced pins.
b
This parameter applies to the DEN signal.
82
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Software Halt Cycle Waveforms
t1
t2
ti
ti
CLKOUTA
68
A19–A0
Invalid Address
5
S6, AD15–AD0*,
AD7–AD0**,
AO15-AO8**
Invalid Address
10
ALE
9
11
DEN
19
DT/R
22
4
Status
S2–S0
3
Notes:
*
Am186EM microcontroller only
**
Am188EM microcontroller only
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
83
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Clock (20 MHZ and 25 MHz)
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
CLKIN Requirements
36
tCKIN
X1 Period(a)
50
(a)
60
40
60
Unit
ns
37
tCLCK
X1 Low Time (1.5 V)
15
15
ns
38
tCHCK
X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a)
15
15
ns
39
40
tCKHL
tCKLH
X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0
V)(a)
X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)
(a)
5
5
ns
5
5
ns
CLKOUT Timing
42
43
44
45
46
tCLCL
CLKOUTA Period
CLKOUTA Low Time
(CL =50 pF)
CLKOUTA High Time
tCHCL
(CL =50 pF)
CLKOUTA Rise Time
tCH1CH2
(1.0 to 3.5 V)
CLKOUTA Fall Time
tCL2CL1
(3.5 to 1.0 V)
tCLCH
50
40
0.5tCLCL –2
=23
0.5tCLCL –2
=23
0.5tCLCL –2
=18
0.5tCLCL –2
=18
ns
ns
ns
3
3
ns
3
3
ns
61
tLOCK
Maximum PLL Lock Time
1
1
ms
69
tCICOA
X1 to CLKOUTA Skew
15
15
ns
70
tCICOB
X1 to CLKOUTB Skew
21
21
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
The specifications for CLKIN are applicable to the normal PLL and CLKDIV2 modes.
The PLL should be used for operations from 16.667 MHz to 40 MHz. For operations below 16.667 MHz, the CLKDIV2 mode
should be used.
Because the CLKDIV2 input frequency is two times the system frequency, the specifications for twice the frequency should
be used for CLKDIV2 mode. For example, use the 20 MHz CLKIN specifications for 10 MHz operation.
84
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Clock (33 MHZ and 40 MHz)
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
CLKIN Requirements
36
tCKIN
X1 Period(a)
30
(a)
60
25
60
Unit
ns
37
tCLCK
X1 Low Time (1.5 V)
10
7.5
ns
38
tCHCK
X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a)
10
7.5
ns
39
40
tCKHL
tCKLH
X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0
V)(a)
X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)
(a)
5
5
ns
5
5
ns
CLKOUT Timing
42
43
44
45
46
tCLCL
CLKOUTA Period
CLKOUTA Low Time
(CL =50 pF)
CLKOUTA High Time
tCHCL
(CL =50 pF)
CLKOUTA Rise Time
tCH1CH2
(1.0 to 3.5 V)
CLKOUTA Fall Time
tCL2CL1
(3.5 to 1.0 V)
tCLCH
30
25
0.5tCLCL –1.5
=13.5
0.5tCLCL –1.5
=13.5
0.5tCLCL –1.25
=11.25
0.5tCLCL –1.25
=11.25
ns
ns
ns
3
3
ns
3
3
ns
61
tLOCK
Maximum PLL Lock Time
1
1
ms
69
tCICOA
X1 to CLKOUTA Skew
15
15
ns
70
tCICOB
X1 to CLKOUTB Skew
21
21
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
The specifications for CLKIN are applicable to the normal PLL and CLKDIV2 modes.
The PLL should be used for operations from 16.667 MHz to 40 MHz. For operations below 16.667 MHz, the CLKDIV2
mode should be used.
Because the CLKDIV2 input frequency is two times the system frequency, the specifications for twice the frequency should
be used for CLKDIV2 mode. For example, use the 20 MHz CLKIN specifications for 10 MHz operation.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
85
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Clock Waveforms—Active Mode
X2
37
36
38
X1
39
40
45
46
CLKOUTA
(Active, F=000)
69
42
43
44
CLKOUTB
70
Clock Waveforms—Power-Save Mode
X2
X1
CLKOUTA(a)
CLKOUTB(b)
CLKOUTB(c)
Notes:
a The Clock Divisor Select (F2–F0) bits in the Power Save Control Register (PDCON) are set to 010 (divide by 4).
b
The CLKOUTB Output Frequency (CBF) bit in the Power Save Control Register (PDCON) is set to 1.
c
The CLKOUTB Output Frequency (CBF) bit in the Power Save Control Register (PDCON) is set to 0.
86
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Ready and Peripheral Timing (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Preliminary
20 MHz
Min
Max
Parameter
No.
Symbol
Description
Ready and Peripheral Timing Requirements
47
48
49
tSRYCL
SRDY Transition Setup Time(a)
(a)
tCLSRY
SRDY Transition Hold Time
tARYCH
ARDY Resolution Transition
Setup Time(b)
(a)
50
tCLARX
ARDY Active Hold Time
51
tARYCHL
ARDY Inactive Holding Time
52
tARYLCL
53
tINVCH
54
tINVCL
ARDY Setup Time
(a)
Peripheral Setup Time(b)
DRQ Setup
Time(b)
Preliminary
25 MHz
Min
Max
Unit
10
10
ns
3
3
ns
10
10
ns
4
4
ns
6
6
ns
15
15
ns
10
10
ns
10
10
ns
Peripheral Timing Responses
55
tCLTMV
Timer Output Delay
25
20
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
This timing must be met to guarantee proper operation.
b
This timing must be met to guarantee recognition at the clock edge.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
87
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Ready and Peripheral Timing (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
Ready and Peripheral Timing Requirements
47
tSRYCL
48
49
SRDY Transition Setup Time(a)
(a)
tCLSRY
SRDY Transition Hold Time
tARYCH
ARDY Resolution Transition
Setup Time(b)
50
tCLARX
51
tARYCHL ARDY Inactive Holding Time
52
tARYLCL
53
tINVCH
54
tINVCL
ARDY Active Hold Time
(a)
ARDY Setup Time
(a)
Peripheral Setup Time(b)
DRQ Setup
Time(b)
Unit
8
5
ns
3
2
ns
8
5
ns
4
3
ns
6
5
ns
10
5
ns
8
5
ns
8
5
ns
Peripheral Timing Responses
55
tCLTMV
Timer Output Delay
15
12
ns
Notes:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
This timing must be met to guarantee proper operation.
b
This timing must be met to guarantee recognition at the clock edge.
Synchronous Ready Waveforms
Case 1
tW
tW
tW
t4
Case 2
t3
tW
tW
t4
Case 3
t2
t3
tW
t4
Case 4
t1
t2
t3
t4
CLKOUTA
47
SRDY
48
88
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Asynchronous Ready Waveforms
Case 1
tW
tW
tW
t4
Case 2
t3
tW
tW
t4
Case 3
t2
t3
tW
t4
Case 4
t1
t2
t3
t4
CLKOUTA
49
50
ARDY (Normally NotReady System)
49
ARDY (Normally
Ready System)
50
51
52
Peripheral Waveforms
CLKOUTA
53
INT4–INT0, NMI,
TMRIN1–TMRIN0
54
DRQ1–DRQ0
55
TMROUT1–
TMROUT0
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
89
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Reset and Bus Hold (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
Reset and Bus Hold Timing Requirements
5
tCLAV
AD Address Valid Delay and BHE
15
tCLAZ
57
tRESIN
58
tHVCL
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
0
25
AD Address Float Delay
0
25
RES Setup Time
10
10
ns
10
10
ns
HOLD
Setup(a)
0
20
ns
0
20
ns
Reset and Bus Hold Timing Responses
62
tCLHAV
HLDA Valid Delay
20
ns
63
tCHCZ
Command Lines Float Delay
0
25
25
0
20
ns
64
tCHCV
Command Lines Valid Delay
(after Float)
25
20
ns
Note:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
This timing must be met to guarantee recognition at the next clock.
Reset and Bus Hold (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
Reset and Bus Hold Timing Requirements
5
Preliminary
33 MHz
40 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
tCLAV
AD Address Valid Delay and BHE
0
15
0
12
ns
15
tCLAZ
AD Address Float Delay
0
15
0
12
ns
57
tRESIN
RES Setup Time
8
5
ns
8
5
ns
58
tHVCL
HOLD
Setup(a)
Reset and Bus Hold Timing Responses
62
tCLHAV
HLDA Valid Delay
12
ns
63
tCHCZ
Command Lines Float Delay
0
15
15
0
12
ns
64
tCHCV
Command Lines Valid Delay
(after Float)
15
12
ns
Note:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
a
90
This timing must be met to guarantee recognition at the next clock.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Reset Waveforms
X1
57
57
RES
CLKOUTA
Signals Related to Reset Waveforms
RES
CLKOUTA
BHE/ADEN,
RFSH2/ADEN,
S6/CLKDIV2, and
UZI
AD15–AD0 (186)
AO15–AO8,
AD7–AD0 (188)
three-state
three-state
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
91
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Bus Hold Waveforms—Entering
Case 1
ti
ti
ti
Case 2
t4
ti
ti
CLKOUTA
58
HOLD
62
HLDA
15
AD15–AD0, DEN
63
A19–A0, S6, RD,
WR, BHE,
DT/R, S2–S0
WHB, WLB
Bus Hold Waveforms—Leaving
Case 1
ti
ti
ti
t1
Case 2
ti
ti
t4
t1
CLKOUTA
58
HOLD
62
HLDA
5
AD15–AD0, DEN
64
A19–A0, S6, RD,
WR, BHE,
DT/R, S2–S0
WHB, WLB
92
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS over COMMERCIAL operating range
Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) (20 MHz and 25 MHz)
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
Synchronous Serial Port Timing Requirements
Preliminary
20 MHz
25 MHz
Min
Max
Min
Max
Unit
75
tDVSH
Data Valid to SCLK High
10
10
ns
77
tSHDX
SCLK High to SPI Data Hold
3
3
ns
Synchronous Serial Port Timing Responses
71
tCLEV
CLKOUTA Low to SDEN Valid
25
20
ns
72
tCLSL
CLKOUTA Low to SCLK Low
25
20
ns
78
tSLDV
SCLK Low to Data Valid
25
20
ns
Note:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) (33 MHz and 40 MHz)
Preliminary
Parameter
No. Symbol
Description
Synchronous Serial Port Timing Requirements
33 MHz
Min
Max
40 MHz
Min
Max
Unit
75
tDVSH
Data Valid to SCLK High
8
5
ns
77
tSHDX
SCLK High to SPI Data Hold
2
2
ns
Synchronous Serial Port Timing Responses
71
tCLEV
CLKOUTA Low to SDEN Valid
0
15
0
12
ns
72
tCLSL
CLKOUTA Low to SCLK Low
0
15
0
12
ns
78
tSLDV
SCLK Low to Data Valid
0
15
0
12
ns
Note:
All timing parameters are measured at 1.5 V with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions
are with CL = 50 pF. For switching tests, VIL = 0.45 V and VIH = 2.4 V, except at X1 where VIH = VCC – 0.5 V.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
93
P R E L I M I N A R Y
Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) Waveforms
CLKOUTA
71
SDEN
72
72
SCLK
SDATA (RX)
DATA
75
SDATA (TX)
77
DATA
78
Note:
SDATA is bidirectional and used for either transmit (TX) or receive (RX). Timing is shown separately for each case.
94
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
P R E L I M I N A R Y
TQFP PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
PQL 100, Trimmed and Formed
Thin Quad Flat Pack
Pin 100
Pin 75
Pin 1 ID
12.00
Ref
–B–
–A–
13.80
14.20 15.80
16.20
Pin 25
–D–
Pin 50
12.00
Ref
13.80
14.20
15.80
16.20
Top View
See Detail X
1.35
1.45
S
1.60
Max
–A–
–C–
Seating Plane
S
0.50 Basic
1.00 Ref
Side View
Notes:
1. All measurements are in millimeters unless otherwise noted.
2. Not to scale; for reference only.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
pql100
4-15-94
95
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PQL 100 (continued)
0° Min
1.60
Max
Gage
Plane
0.05
0.15
0.13 R
0.20
0.25
Seating Plane
0.45
0.75
0°–7°
0.17
0.27
Max 0.08 Lead Coplanarity
0.20
Detail X
0.17
0.27
0.14
0.18
Section S-S
Notes:
1. All measurements are in millimeters unless otherwise noted.
2. Not to scale; for reference only.
96
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
pql100
4-15-94
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PQFP PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
PQR 100, Trimmed and Formed
Plastic Quad Flat Pack
17.00
17.40
13.90
14.10
Pin 100
12.35
REF
Pin 80
Pin 1 I.D.
18.85
REF
–B–
-–A–
19.90
20.10
23.00
23.40
Pin 30
- –D–
Pin 50
Top View
See Detail X
0.65
BASIC
S
2.70
2.90
3.35
Max
0.25
Min
–A–
Seating
–C–
S
Side View
Notes:
1. All measurements are in millimeters unless otherwise noted.
2. Not to scale; for reference only.
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
pqr100
4-15-94
97
P R E L I M I N A R Y
PQFP PQR 100 (continued)
0.20 Min. Flat Shoulder
7° Typ.
0° Min.
0.30±0.05 R
Gage
Plane
3.35
Max
0.25
0.73
1.03
7° Typ.
0°–7°
Detail X
0.22
0.38
0.15
0.23
0.22
0.38
0.15
0.23
Section S-S
Note:
Not to scale; for reference only.
pqr100
4-15-94
Trademarks
AMD, the AMD logo, and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Am386 and Am486 are registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Am186, Am188, E86, K86, Élan, and AMD Facts-On-Demand are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
FusionE86 is a service mark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Product names used in this publication are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.
98
Am186/188EM and Am186/188EMLV Microcontrollers
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