PA12A

PA12PA12 • PA12A • PA12A PA12, PA12A Power Operational Amplifier FEATURES • LOW THERMAL RESISTANCE — 1.4°C/W • CURRENT FOLDOVER PROTECTION — NEW • HIGH TEMPERATURE VERSION — PA12H • EXCELLENT LINEARITY — Class A/B Output • WIDE SUPPLY RANGE — ±10V to ±50V • HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT — Up to ±15A Peak 8-PIN TO-3 PACKAGE STYLE CE APPLICATIONS POWER RATING • MOTOR, VALVE AND ACTUATOR CONTROL • MAGNETIC DEFLECTION CIRCUITS UP TO 10A • POWER TRANSDUCERS UP TO 100kHz • TEMPERATURE CONTROL UP TO 360W • PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 90V • AUDIO AMPLIFIERS UP TO 120W RMS DESCRIPTION The PA12 is a state of the art high voltage, very high output current operational amplifier designed to drive resistive, inductive and capacitive loads. For optimum linearity, especially at low levels, the output stage is biased for class A/B operation using a thermistor compensated base-emitter voltage multiplier circuit. The safe operating area (SOA) can be observed for all operating conditions by selection of user programmable current limiting resistors. For continuous operation under load, a heatsink of proper rating is recommended. The PA12 is not recommended for gains below –3 (inverting) or +4 (non-inverting). This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes thick film (cermet) resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The use of compressible isolation washers voids the warranty. Not all vendors use the same method to rate the power handling capability of a Power Op Amp. Apex Microtechnology rates the internal dissipation, which is consistent with rating methods used by transistor manufacturers and gives conservative results. Rating delivered power is highly application dependent and therefore can be misleading. For example, the 125W internal dissipation rating of the PA12 could be expressed as an output rating of 250W for audio (sine wave) or as 440W if using a single ended DC load. Please note that all vendors rate maximum power using an infinite heatsink. THERMAL STABILITY Apex Microtechnology has eliminated the tendency of class A/B output stages toward thermal runaway and thus has vastly increased amplifier reliability. This feature, not found in most other Power Op Amps, was pioneered by Apex Microtechnology in 1981 using thermistors which assure a negative temperature coefficient in the quiescent current. The reliability benefits of this added circuitry far outweigh the slight increase in component count. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS F.O. CL– 8 RCL- EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC 7 –VS 6 5 –IN TOP VIEW 3 4 OUTPUT Q2A D1 OUT Q2B 2 Q1 RCL+ 1 2 CL+ +IN 3 +VS Q3 Q4 1 7 Q5 8 4 Q6A A1 Q6B 5 C1 6 www.apexanalog.com PA12U Copyright © Apex Microtechnology, Inc. 2012 (All Rights Reserved) OCT 2012 1 PA12U REVV PA12 • PA12A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SPECIFICATIONS SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +Vs to –Vs OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA POWER DISSIPATION, internal INPUT VOLTAGE, differential INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode TEMPERATURE, pin solder -10s TEMPERATURE, junction1 TEMPERATURE RANGE, storage OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS 2, 5 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. power BIAS CURRENT, initial BIAS CURRENT, vs. temperature BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply OFFSET CURRENT, initial OFFSET CURRENT, vs. temperature INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC INPUT CAPACITANCE COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE3 COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC TC = 25°C Full temperature range TC = 25°C TC = 25°C TC = 25°C Full temperature range TC = 25°C TC = 25°C Full temperature range TC = 25°C TC = 25°C Full temperature range Full temp. range, VCM = ±VS –6V GAIN OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT @ 1MHz POWER BANDWIDTH PHASE MARGIN, AV = +4 TC = 25°C, 1KΩ load Full temp. range, 8Ω load TC = 25°C, 8Ω load TC = 25°C, 8Ω load Full temp. range, 8Ω load OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING3 VOLTAGE SWING3 VOLTAGE SWING3 CURRENT, peak SETTLING TIME to .1% SLEW RATE CAPACITIVE LOAD CAPACITIVE LOAD TC = 25°C, PA12 = 10A, PA12A = 15A TC = 25°C, IO = 5A Full temp. range, IO = 80mA TC = 25°C TC = 25°C, 2V step TC = 25°C Full temperature range, AV = 4 Full temperature range, AV > 10 POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE CURRENT, quiescent Full temperature range TC = 25°C THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case4 RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case RESISTANCE, junction to air TEMPERATURE RANGE, case TC = –55 to +125°C, F > 60Hz TC = –55 to +125°C TC = –55 to +125°C Meets full range specification PA12/PA12A 100V 15A 125W ±37V ±VS 350°C 200°C –65 to +150°C –55 to +125°C MIN PA12 TYP PA12A MAX MIN TYP ±VS –5 74 ±2 ±10 ±30 ±20 ±12 ±50 ±10 ±12 ±50 200 3 ±VS –3 100 ±6 ±65 ±200 ±30 ±500 ±30 * * 96 13 ±VS –6 ±VS –5 ±VS–5 10 2.5 ±10 –25 MAX UNITS ±1 ±4 * ±40 * * * 10 20 * * * ±5 ±20 * * * * * mV µV/°C µV/V µV/W nA pA/°C pA/V nA pA/°C MΩ pF V dB * * * * * dB dB MHz kHz ° * * * 15 * * * 1.5 * SOA * V V V A µs V/µs nF ±40 25 ±45 * 50 V mA .8 1.25 30 .9 * * 1.4 * * * +85 –55 +125 110 108 4 20 20 2 4 * * * * ±50 * °C/W °C/W °C/W °C NOTES: * The specification of PA12A is identical to the specification for PA12 in applicable column to the left. 1. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. 2. The power supply voltage for all tests is ±40, unless otherwise noted as a test condition. 3. +VS and –VS denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Total VS is measured from +VS to –VS. 4. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz. 5. Full temperature range specifications are guaranteed but not 100% tested. CAUTION 2 The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850°C to avoid generating toxic fumes. PA12U POWER DERATING 80 60 20 0 1.3 1.0 .7 SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE 80 –60 PHASE, Ф (°) –30 40 20 –150 –20 1 –210 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 10 COMMON MODE REJECTION 100 80 60 40 20 1 0 3 1 10K .1M 100 1K FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 10 0 -2 -4 -6 W 0m .003 100 PA12U 2 4 6 8 TIME, t (µs) 10 W =4 PO = PO 300 W 20 1.2 1.0 .8 TC C = –25° °C T C = 25 °C T C = 85 TC = 125°C .6 1 1K 3K 10K 30K FREQUENCY, F (Hz) 32 .1M .4 40 | +VS | – | –VS | = 80V 22 15 | +VS | + | –VS | = 30V 10 6.8 4.6 10K 12 1.4 PO 10 46 QUIESCENT CURRENT AV =10 VS = ±37V RL = 4Ω = .01 0 1.6 .3 .03 VIN = ±5V, tr = 100ns 2 1M | +VS | + | –VS | = 100V 68 100 50 60 70 80 90 TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VS (V) 20K 30K 50K 70K .1M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) INPUT NOISE 100 4 HARMONIC DISTORTION .1 0 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 CASE TEMPERATURE, TC (°C) 100 1K 10K .1M 1M 10M FREQUENCY, F (Hz) PULSE RESPONSE 6 -8 1 10 8 120 VO = –24 V POWER RESPONSE –120 –180 =0 VO = 24V VO = 0 5.0 2.5 O 100 –90 0 V RCL = .18Ω ,RFO = 0 7.5 PHASE RESPONSE 0 100 60 10.0 .4 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 CASE TEMPERATURE, TC (°C) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 CASE TEMPERATURE, TC (°C) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) OPEN LOOP GAIN, A (dB) COMMON MODE REJECTION, CMR (dB) 1.6 RCL = .06Ω ,RFO = ∞ 12.5 INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE, VN (nV/√Hz) 0 120 DISTORTION, (%) PA12A 1.9 15.0 VOLTAGE DROP FROM SUPPLY (V) PA12 40 2.2 CURRENT LIMIT, ILIM (A) 100 CURRENT LIMIT 17.5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (VP-P) 120 BIAS CURRENT 2.5 NORMALIZED BIAS CURRENT, IB (X) 140 NORMALIZED, IQ (X) INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P (W) PA12 • PA12A 70 50 40 30 20 10 10 1K 100 10K FREQUENCY, F (Hz) .1M OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING 6 5 –VO 4 3 +VO 2 1 0 3 6 9 12 OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) 15 3 PA12 • PA12A GENERAL Please read Application Note 1 "General Operating Considerations" which covers stability, supplies, heat sinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Visit www.apexanalog.com for design tools that help automate tasks such as calculations for stability, internal power dissipation, current limit; heat sink selection; Apex Microtechnology’s complete Application Notes library; Technical Seminar Workbook; and Evaluation Kits. SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA) SOA 15 2.0 ER MA L T C T C 5°C =1 25° e tat ys C ad .6 5°C =8 ste T C 1.0 =2 ms 4.0 3.0 TH 0.5 6.0 t= 10 s 1m s t= 5m t= OUTPUT CURRENT FROM +VS OR -VS (A) The output stage of most power amplifiers has three distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the transistor geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The second breakdown effect which occurs whenever the simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage exceeds specified limits. 3. The junction temperature of the output transistors. .4 SECOND BREAKDOWN .3 10 20 30 40 50 70 100 SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE, VS - VO (V) The SOA curves combine the effect of all limits for this Power Op Amp. For a given application, the direction and magnitude of the output current should be calculated or measured and checked against the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the following guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts. 1. Capacitive and dynamic* inductive loads up to the following maximum are safe with the current limits set as specified. CAPACITIVE LOAD INDUCTIVE LOAD ±VS ILIM = 5A ILIM = 10A ILIM = 5A ILIM = 10A 50V 200µF 125µF 5mH 2.0mH 40V 500µF 350µF 15mH 3.0mH 35V 2.0mF 850µF 50mH 5.0mH 30V 7.0mF 2.5mF 150mH 10mH 25V 25mF 10mF 500mH 20mH 20V 60mF 20mF 1,000mH 30mH 15V 150mF 60mF 2,500mH 50mH *If the inductive load is driven near steady state conditions, allowing the output voltage to drop more than 8V below the supply rail with ILIM = 15A or 25V below the supply rail with ILIM = 5A while the amplifier is current limiting, the inductor must be capacitively coupled or the current limit must be lowered to meet SOA criteria. 2. The amplifier can handle any EMF generating or reactive 4 load and short circuits to the supply rail or common if the current limits are set as follows at TC = 25°C: SHORT TO ±VS SHORT TO ±VS C, L, OR EMF LOAD COMMON 50V .30A 2.4A 40V .58A 2.9A 35V .87A 3.7A 30V 1.5A 4.1A 25V 2.4A 4.9A 20V 2.9A 6.3A 15V 4.2A 8.0A These simplified limits may be exceeded with further analysis using the operating conditions for a specific application. CURRENT LIMITING Refer to Application Note 9, "Current Limiting", for details of both fixed and foldover current limit operation. Visit the Apex Microtechnology web site at www.apexanalog.com for a copy of the Power Design spreadsheet (Excel) which plots current limits vs. steady state SOA. Beware that current limit should be thought of as a +/–20% function initially and varies about 2:1 over the range of –55°C to 125°C. For fixed current limit, leave pin 7 open and use equations 1 and 2. RCL = 0.65/LCL (1) ICL = 0.65/RCL (2) Where: ICL is the current limit in amperes. RCL is the current limit resistor in ohms. For certain applications, foldover current limit adds a slope to the current limit which allows more power to be delivered to the load without violating the SOA. For maximum foldover slope, ground pin 7 and use equations 3 and 4. 0.65 + (Vo * 0.014) ICL = (3) RCL 0.65 + (Vo * 0.014) RCL = (4) ICL Where: Vo is the output voltage in volts. Most designers start with either equation 1 to set RCL for the desired current at 0v out, or with equation 4 to set RCL at the maximum output voltage. Equation 3 should then be used to plot the resulting foldover limits on the SOA graph. If equation 3 results in a negative current limit, foldover slope must be reduced. This can happen when the output voltage is the opposite polarity of the supply conducting the current. In applications where a reduced foldover slope is desired, this can be achieved by adding a resistor (RFO) between pin 7 and ground. Use equations 4 and 5 with this new resistor in the circuit. Vo * 0.14 0.65 + 10.14 + RFO ICL = (5) RCL Vo * 0.14 0.65 + 10.14 + RFO RCL = (6) ICL Where: RFO is in K ohms. PA12U PA12 • PA12A NEED TECHNICAL HELP? CONTACT APEX SUPPORT! For all Apex Microtechnology product questions and inquiries, call toll free 800-546-2739 in North America. For inquiries via email, please contact apex.support@apexanalog.com. International customers can also request support by contacting their local Apex Microtechnology Sales Representative. To find the one nearest to you, go to www.apexanalog.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Apex Microtechnology, Inc. has made every effort to insure the accuracy of the content contained in this document. However, the information is subject to change without notice and is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind (expressed or implied). Apex Microtechnology reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any specifications or products mentioned herein to improve reliability. This document is the property of Apex Microtechnology and by furnishing this information, Apex Microtechnology grants no license, expressed or implied under any patents, mask work rights, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights. Apex Microtechnology owns the copyrights associated with the information contained herein and gives consent for copies to be made of the information only for use within your organization with respect to Apex Microtechnology integrated circuits or other products of Apex Microtechnology. This consent does not extend to other copying such as copying for general distribution, advertising or promotional purposes, or for creating any work for resale. APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN PRODUCTS USED FOR LIFE SUPPORT, AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY, SECURITY DEVICES, OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. PRODUCTS IN SUCH APPLICATIONS ARE UNDERSTOOD TO BE FULLY AT THE CUSTOMER OR THE CUSTOMER’S RISK. Apex Microtechnology, Apex and Apex Precision Power are trademarks of Apex Microtechnolgy, Inc. All other corporate names noted herein may be trademarks of their respective holders. PA12U www.apexanalog.com Copyright © Apex Microtechnology, Inc. 2012 (All Rights Reserved) OCT 20125 PA12U REVV