PA98

PA98 • PA98A Power Operational Amplifiers RoHS COMPLIANT FEATURES • • • High Voltage — 450V (±225V) High Slew Rate — 1000V/μs High Output Current — 200mA APPLICATIONS • • • • High Voltage Instrumentation Piezo Transducer Excitation Programmable Power Supplies Up To 430V Electrostatic Transducers & Deflection DESCRIPTION The PA98 is a 450V high-power operational amplifier. This high voltage amplifier utilizes a MOSFET output stage and has a power bandwidth of up to 500 kHz. When operating within a safe operating area, the PA98 has a maximum continuous current of 200mA. Output voltages can swing up to ±215V with a dual supply and up to +440 volts with a single supply. The safe operating area (SOA) has no second breakdown limitations and can be observed with all types of loads by choosing an appropriate current limiting resistor. High accuracy is achieved with a cascode input circuit configuration. All internal biasing is referenced to a bootstrapped zener-MOSFET current source. As a result, the PA98 features an unprecedented supply range and excellent supply rejection. The MOSFET output stage is biased on for linear operation. External compensation provides user flexibility. This hybrid circuit utilizes thick film (cermet) resistors, ceramic capacitors and silicon semiconductors. This process is used to maximize reliability, minimize size and provide exceptional performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnections over the full temperature range of the device. The Power SIP is electrically isolated. TYPICAL CONNECTIONS Figure 1: Typical Connections www.apexanalog.com © Apex Microtechnology Inc. All rights reserved May 2020 PA98U Rev S PA98 • PA98A PINOUT AND DESCRIPTION TABLE Figure 2: External Connections 2 Pin Number Name Description 1 -IN Inverting input. 2 +IN Non-inverting input. 3 NC This is a no connect, leave this pin floating. 4 RC Compensation Resistor connection, select value based on Phase Compensation. See applicable section. 5 CC Compensation Capacitive connection, select value based on Phase Compensation. See applicable section. 6 OUT Connect pin to load and feedback resistors. 7, 8 -VS The negative supply rail. Pins 7 and 8 are internally connected. 9, 10 CL Connect to the current limit resistor, and then the OUT pin. Output current flows into/out of these pins through RCL. Pins 9 and 10 are internally connected. 11, 12 +VS The positive supply rail. Pins 11 and 12 are internally connected. PA98U Rev S PA98 • PA98A SPECIFICATIONS Unless otherwise noted: TC = 25°C, compensation: CC = 68pF, RC = 100 Ω. DC input specifications are ± value given. Power supply voltage is typical rating. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter Symbol Supply Voltage, total Output Current, Continuous Within SOA Power Dissipation, Continuous @ Tc = 25°C Input Voltage, Differential Input Voltage, Common Mode 1 Min Max Unit +VSTo -VS 450 V IOUT 200 mA PD 30 W VIN (diff) -25 +25 V VCM -VS +VS V 260 °C 150 °C -55 +125 °C -40 +85 °C Temperature, Pin Solder, 10s Max. Temperature, Junction 1 TJ Temperature Range, Storage Operating Temperature Range, Case TC 1. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. Ratings apply only to output transistors. An additional 10W may be dissipated due to quiescent power. CAUTION PA98U Rev S The PA98 is constructed from MOSFET transistors. ESD handling procedures must be observed. The substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850 °C to avoid generating toxic fumes. 3 PA98 • PA98A Input Parameter Test Conditions PA98 Min PA98A Max 2 0.25 0.5 mV 10 30 5 10 µV/°C Offset Voltage vs. Supply 3 10 * * Offset Voltage vs. Time 75 Bias Current, Initial 1 5 Offset Voltage vs. Temp Full temp range Bias Current, vs. Supply Offset Current, Initial Max 0.5 Min Units Typ Offset Voltage, Initial Typ * 50 3 0.01 1 10 Input Impedance, Dc Input Capacitance Common Mode Voltage Range 2 VCM = ±90V Noise 100 kHz BW, RS = 1 kΩ, CC = 10pf 90 3 pA pA/V 30 pA 1011 * Ω 4 * pF ±VS - 15 Common Mode Rejection, Dc 10 * 100 µV/V µV/khr * 110 * 1 V * dB * µV RMS 1. Doubles for every 10°C of temperature increase. 2. +VS and –VS denote the positive and negative power supply rail respectively. Gain Parameter Test Conditions PA98 Min Typ 96 111 PA98A Max Max Units Min Typ * * dB Open Loop Gain @ 15 Hz RL = 2 kΩ, CC = Open Gain Bandwidth Product @ 1 MHz RL = 2 kΩ, CC = 3.3pf 100 * MHz CC = 10pf 300 * kHz CC = 3.3pf 500 * kHz Full temp range 60 * ° Power Bandwidth Phase Margin 4 PA98U Rev S PA98 • PA98A OUTPUT Parameter Test Conditions PA98 Min Typ PA98A Max Min Typ Max Units Voltage Swing 1 IOUT = ±200mA ±VS - 10 ±VS - 6.5 * * V Voltage Swing 1 IOUT = ±75mA ±VS 8.5 ±VS - 6.0 * * V Voltage Swing 1 IOUT = ±20mA ±VS 8.0 ±VS - 5.5 * * V Current, Continuous TC = 85°C ±200 * mA Slew Rate, AV = 20 CC = 10pF 400 * V/µs Slew Rate, AV = 100 CC = Open 1000 * V/µs Capacitive Load, AV = +1 Full temp range Settling Time To 0.1% CC = 10pF, 2V step 1 * µs Resistance, No Load RCL = 0 50 * Ω 700 470 * pF 1. +VS and –VS denote the positive and negative power supply rail respectively. POWER SUPPLY Parameter Voltage 1 PA98 PA98A Test Conditions Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Full temp range ±15 ±150 ±225 * * * V 21 25 * * mA Current, Quiescent Units 1. Derate max supply rating 0.625 V/°C below 25°C case. No derating needed above 25°C case THERMAL Parameter Test Conditions PA98 Min Typ Full temp range, Resistance, Ac, Junction To Case 1 F > 60 Hz Resistance, Dc, Junction To Case Full temp range, F < 60 Hz Resistance, Junction To Air Full temp range Temperature Range, Case Meets full range specifications PA98A Max Min Max Units 2.5 * °C/W 4.2 * °C/W 30 -25 Typ * +85 * °C/W * °C 1. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60 Hz. Note: * The specification of PA98A is identical to the specification for PA98 in applicable column to the left. PA98U Rev S 5 PA98 • PA98A TYPICAL PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Figure 3: Power Derating Figure 4: Quiescent Current 1.20 Normalized Quiescent Current, IQ (X) 40 Output Stage Internal WŽǁĞƌŝƐƐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͕W;tͿ 32 24 16 8 1.15 1.10 TC= 1.05 T C = 25°C 1.00 TC = -55°C 0.95 0.90 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 150 100 Figure 5: Small Signal Response 300 400 450 Figure 6: Phase Response 0 120 100 -45 80 CC = 3.3pF 60 CC = 10pF 40 20 -90 CC = 68pF -135 CC = 10pF -180 CC = 68pF -225 0 -20 10 WŚĂƐĞ͕ˇ;ΣͿ Open Loop Gain, A (dB) 200 Total Supply Voltage, VS (V) Case Temperature, TC (°C) CC = 3.3pF 100 1K 10K 100K Frequency, F (Hz) 6 °C 125 1M 10M -270 0.2M 1M 10M 40M Frequency, F (Hz) PA98U Rev S PA98 • PA98A Figure 7: Output Voltage Swing Figure 8: Power Response 500 F 50 C 5° 12 = C T 5 RLсϮŬɏ 4 0 50 100 150 200 25 50K 100K 200K 250 Output Current, IO (mA) 500K 1M 2M 5M Frequency, F (Hz) Figure 9: Slew Rate Figure 10: Harmonic Distortion 1000 .05 .03 500 ŝƐƚŽƌƟŽŶ;й) ^ůĞǁZĂƚĞ͕;sͬђƐͿ F .3p =3 F 0p 75 8p °C T C = -55 125 100 =1 5°C TC = 2 6 CC 7 CC 8 250 =6 Output Voltage, VOUT (VPP) 9 CC Voltage Drop From Supply, VS - VOUT (V) 10 200 AV = 30 PO = 15 W CC = 10 pF RLсϭŬɏ .01 .005 .003 100 0 15 30 45 60 75 džƚ͘ŽŵƉĞŶƐĂƟŽŶĂƉĂĐŝƚŽƌ͕C (pF) PA98U Rev S 90 .001 10 100 1K 10K 100K Frequency, F (Hz) 7 PA98 • PA98A Figure 11: Input Noise Voltage Figure 12: Common Mode Rejection 140 ŽŵŵŽŶDŽĚĞZĞũĞĐƟŽŶ͕DZ;ĚͿ Input Noise Voltage, VN;Ŷsͬя,njͿ 20 15 10 7 5 3 2 10 100 1K 10K CC = 10pF 120 100 80 60 40 20 1K 100K 10K Figure 13: Power Supply Rejection 10M Figure 14: Current Limit 140 500 120 300 Current Limit, ILIM;ŵͿ WŽǁĞƌ^ƵƉƉůLJZĞũĞĐƟŽŶ͕W^Z;ĚͿ 1M Frequency, F (Hz) Frequency, F (Hz) 100 80 60 200 100 50 40 20 20 1 10 100 1K 10K Frequency, F (Hz) 8 100K 100K 1M 1 2 5 10 20 30 Resistor Value, RCL;ɏͿ PA98U Rev S PA98 • PA98A SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA) The safe operating area curves define the maximum additional internal power dissipation the amplifier can tolerate when it produces the necessary output to drive an external load. This is not the same as the absolute maximum internal power dissipation listed elsewhere in the specification since the quiescent power dissipation is significant compared to the total. The MOSFET output stage of this power operational amplifier has two distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the MOSFET geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The junction temperature of the output MOSFETs. Note: The output stage is protected against transient flyback. However, for protection against sustained, high energy flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used. Figure 15: SOA KƵƚƉƵƚƵƌƌĞŶƚ&ƌŽŵнsSKZͲsS;ŵͿ 500 ϮϬ 300 Ϭŵ ϭϬ Ɛ Ϭŵ Ɛ 200  ͕d 100  ͕d C  ͕d 50 C =2 C 5° =8 C 5° C =1 25 °C 30 20 WƵůƐĞƵƌǀĞƐΛϭϬйƵƚLJLJĐůĞDĂdž͘ 10 25 50 75 100 125 250 500 ^ƵƉƉůLJdŽKƵƚƉƵƚŝīĞƌĞŶƟĂů͕sSͲsOUT;sͿ PA98U Rev S 9 PA98 • PA98A GENERAL Please read Application Note 1 “General Operating Considerations” which covers stability, supplies, heat sinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Visit www.apexanalog.com for Apex Microtechnology’s complete Application Notes library, Technical Seminar Workbook, and Evaluation Kits. TYPICAL APPLICATION DYNAMIC FOCUSING The advancement of medical and industrial technology has driven the need to dynamically focus a beam with better resolution, decrease scan repetition and increase the scan distance. High speed dynamic focus control is used in metrology, spectroscopy, and tomography. Continuous advancements in measurement and correction techniques, continually drive the need for higher bandwidth. The PA98 is a high voltage, high speed amplifier that is well suited for this application. Configure the device as a summing amplifier by connecting the negative input to the nominal focus potential and its dynamic correction. The nominal can either be derived from a digital potentiometer, or perhaps automatic focusing circuitry. The dynamic correction is generated from the sweep voltages, by calculating the distance of the beam from the target. These targets can include, but are not limited to: blood, tissue, gas, fluid, the sea floor, and the integrity of laser welds. Figure 16: Typical Application PHASE COMPENSATION Gain CC RC 1 68pF 100 Ω 20 10pF 330 Ω 100 3.3pF 0Ω Cc Rated For Full Supply Voltage 10 PA98U Rev S PA98 • PA98A STABILITY The PA98 is externally compensated and performance can be tailored to the application. Use the graphs of small signal response and power response as a guide. The compensation capacitor CC must be rated at 500V working voltage. An NPO capacitor is recommended. The compensation network CCRC must be mounted closely to the amplifier pins 7 and 8 to avoid spurious oscillation. CURRENT LIMIT For proper operation, the current limit resistor (RCL) must be connected as shown in the external connection diagram. The minimum value is 1.4 Ω, however for optimum reliability the resistor value should be set as high as possible. The value is calculated as follows; with the maximum practical value of 30 Ω. 0.7V R CL    = ---------------------------------I CL  A  – 0.016 INPUT PROTECTION Although the PA98 can withstand differential voltages up to ±25V, additional external protection is recommended. Since the PA98 is a high speed amplifier, low leakage, low capacitance JFETs connected as diodes are recommended (e.g. 2N4416, Q1-Q4 in Figure 17). The differential input voltage will be clamped to ±1.4V. This is sufficient overdrive to produce maximum power bandwidth. POWER SUPPLY PROTECTION Unidirectional transient voltage suppressors diodes are recommended as protection on the supply pins. The diodes clamp transients to voltages within the power supply rating and also clamp power supply reversals to ground. Whether the diodes are used or not, the system power supply should be evaluated for transient performance including power-on overshoot and power-off polarity reversals as well as line regulation. Conditions which can cause open circuits or polarity reversals on either power supply rail should be avoided or protected against. Reversals or opens on the negative supply rail are known to induce input stage failure. Unidirectional TVS diodes prevent this, and it is desirable that they be both electrically and physically as close to the amplifier as possible. Figure 17: Over Voltage Protection PA98U Rev S 11 PA98 • PA98A INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION AND HEATSINK SELECTION With the unique combination of high voltage and speed of the PA98, traditional formulas for heatsink selection will falsely lower the apparent power handling capability of this amplifier. To predict operating temperatures use the following procedure: Find internal dissipation (PD) resulting from driving the load. Refer to Apex Microtechnology Applications Note 1, General Operating Considerations, paragraph 7. Find total quiescent power (PDQ) by multiplying 0.025A by VSS (total supply voltage). Find output stage quiescent power (PDQOUT) by multiplying 0.001 by VSS. Calculate a heatsink rating which will maintain the case at 85°C or lower. TC – TA - – 0.1  C  W  R SA = ------------------------PD + PD Q Where:TC = maximum case temperature allowed TA = maximum ambient temperature encountered Calculate a heatsink rating which will maintain output transistor junctions at 150°C or lower. T J – T A –  PD + PD QOUT   R JC - – 0.1  C  W  R SA = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------PD + PD Q Where:TJ = maximum junction temperature allowed. RØJC = AC or DC thermal resistance from the specification table. Use the larger heatsink of these two calculations. 12 PA98U Rev S PA98 • PA98A PACKAGE OPTIONS Part Number Apex Package Style Description PA98 DP 12-Pin SIP PA98A DP 12-Pin SIP PA98EE EE 12-Pin SIP w/ formed leads PACKAGE STYLE DP PA98U Rev S 13 PA98 • PA98A PACKAGE STYLE EE NEED TECHNICAL HELP? CONTACT APEX SUPPORT! For all Apex Microtechnology product questions and inquiries, call toll free 800-546-2739 in North America. For inquiries via email, please contact apex.support@apexanalog.com. International customers can also request support by contacting their local Apex Microtechnology Sales Representative. To find the one nearest to you, go to www.apexanalog.com IMPORTANT NOTICE Apex Microtechnology, Inc. has made every effort to insure the accuracy of the content contained in this document. However, the information is subject to change without notice and is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind (expressed or implied). Apex Microtechnology reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any specifications or products mentioned herein to improve reliability. This document is the property of Apex Microtechnology and by furnishing this information, Apex Microtechnology grants no license, expressed or implied under any patents, mask work rights, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights. 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