ATA5824

Features • Full-duplex Operation Mode without Duplex Frequency Offset to Prevent the Relay Attack against Passive Entry Go (PEG) Systems • High FSK Sensitivity: –105.5 dBm at 20 Kbit/s/–109 dBm at 2.4 Kbit/s (433.92 MHz) • High ASK Sensitivity: –111.5 dBm at 10 Kbit/s/–116 dBm at 2.4 Kbit/s (100% ASK, • • • Carrier Level 433.92 MHz) Low Supply Current: 10.5 mA in RX and TX Mode (3V/TX with 5 dBm/433.92 MHz) Data Rate 1 to 20 Kbit/s Manchester FSK, 1 to 10 Kbit/s Manchester ASK ASK/FSK Receiver Uses a Low IF Architecture with High Selectivity, Blocking and Low Intermodulation (Typical 3 dB Blocking 55.5 dBC at ±750 kHz/60.5 dBC at ±1.5 MHz and 67 dBC at ±10 MHz, System I1dBCP = –30 dBm/System IIP3 = –20 dBm) Wide Bandwidth AGC to Handle Large Outband Blockers above the System I1dBCP 226 kHz IF (Intermediate Frequency) with 30 dB Image Rejection and 220 kHz System Bandwidth to Support TPM Transmitters using ATA5756/ATA5757 Transmitters with Standard Crystals Transmitter Uses Closed Loop FSK Modulation with Fractional-N Synthesizer with High PLL Bandwidth and an Excellent Isolation between PLL and PA Tolerances of XTAL Compensated by Fractional-N Synthesizer with 800 Hz RF Resolution Integrated RX/TX-Switch, Single-ended RF Input and Output RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) Communication to Microcontroller with SPI Interface Working at 500 kBit/s Maximum Configurable Self Polling and RX/TX Protocol Handling with FIFO-RAM Buffering of Received and Transmitted Data 1 Push Button Input and 1 Wake-up Input are Active in Power-down Mode Integrated XTAL Capacitors PA Efficiency: up to 38% (433.92 MHz/10 dBm/3V) Low In-band Sensitivity Change of Typically ±2.0 dB within ±75 kHz Center Frequency Change in the Complete Temperature and Supply Voltage Range Fully Integrated PLL with Low Phase Noise VCO, PLL Loop Filter and full support of multi-channel operation with arbitrary Channel distance due to Fractional-N Synthesizer Sophisticated Threshold Control and Quasi-peak Detector Circuit in the Data Slicer 433.92 MHz, 868.3 MHz and 315 MHz without External VCO and PLL Components Efficient XTO Start-up Circuit (> –1.5 kΩ Worst Case Start Impedance) Changing of Modulation Type ASK/FSK and Data Rate without Component Changes to Allow Different Modulation Schemes in TPM and RKE Minimal External Circuitry Requirements for Complete System Solution Adjustable Output Power: 0 to 10 dBm Adjusted and Stabilized with External Resistor, Programmable Output Power with 0.5dB Steps with Internal Resistor Clock and Interrupt Generation for Microcontroller ESD Protection at all Pins (±2.5 kV HBM, ±200V MM, ±500V FCDM) Supply Voltage Range: 2.15V to 3.6V or 4.4V to 5.25V Typical Power-down Current < 10 nA Temperature Range: –40°C to +105°C Small 7 mm × 7 mm QFN48 Package • • UHF ASK/FSK Transceiver ATA5823 ATA5824 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4829D–RKE–06/06 Applications • • • • • • Automotive Keyless Entry and Passive Entry Go (Handsfree Car Access) Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems Remote Control Systems Alarm and Telemetering Systems Energy Metering Home Automation Benefits • • • • No SAW Device Needed in Key Fob Designs to Meet Automotive Specifications Low System Cost Due to Very High System Integration Level Only One Crystal Needed in System Less Demanding Specification for the Microcontroller Due to Handling of Power-down Mode, Delivering of Clock and Complete Handling of Receive/Transmit Protocol and Polling • Single-ended Design with High Isolation of PLL/VCO from PA and the Power Supply Allows a Loop Antenna in the Key Fob to Surround the Whole Application • Prevention against Relay Attack with Full-duplex Operation Mode • Integration of Tire Pressure Monitoring, Passive Entry and Remote Keyless Entry 1. General Description The ATA5823/ATA5824 is a highly integrated UHF ASK/FSK multi-channel half-duplex and full-duplex transceiver with low power consumption supplied in a small 7 mm × 7 mm QFN48 package. The receive part is built as a fully integrated low-IF receiver, whereas direct PLL modulation with the fractional-N synthesizer is used for FSK transmission and switching of the power amplifier for ASK transmission. The additional full-duplex mode makes relay attacks much more difficult, since the attacker has to receive and transmit signals on the same frequency at the same time. The device supports data rates of 1 Kbit/s to 20 Kbit/s (FSK) and 1 Kbit/s to 10 Kbit/s (ASK) in Manchester, Bi-phase and other codes in transparent mode. The ATA5824 can be used in the 433 MHz to 435 MHz band and the 867 MHz to 870 MHz band, the ATA5823 in the 313 MHz to 316 MHz band. The very high system integration level results in few numbers of external components needed. Due to its blocking and selectivity performance, together with a typical narrow-band key-fob loop antenna with 15 dB to 20 dB loss, a bulky blocking SAW is not needed in the key fob application. Additionally, the building blocks needed for a typical RKE and access control system on both sides, the base and the mobile stations, are fully integrated. Its digital control logic with self polling and protocol generation provides a fast challenge response system without using a high-performance microcontroller. Therefore, the ATA5823/ATA5824 contains a FIFO buffer RAM and can compose and receive the physical messages themselves. This provides more time for the microcontroller to carry out other functions such as calculating crypto algorithms, composing the logical messages and controlling other devices. Due to that, a standard 4-/8-bit microcontroller without special periphery and clocked with the delivered CLK output of about 4.5 MHz is sufficient to control the communication link. This is especially valid for passive entry go and access control systems, where within less than 100 ms several communication responses with arbitration of the communication partner have to be handled. It is hence possible to design bi-directional RKE and passive entry go systems with a fast challenge response crypto function and prevention against relay attacks. 2 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 1-1. System Block Diagram ATA5823/ATA5824 RF Transceiver Antenna Digital Control Logic Power Supply Microcontroller Matching/ RF Switch 4 ... 8 µC_Interface XTO 2. Pin Configuration Figure 2-1. Pinning QFN48 NC NC RX_ACTIVE N_PWR_ON SCK_PHA SCK_POL NC NC PWR_ON RX_TX1 RX_TX2 CDEM NC NC NC RF_IN NC 433_N868 NC R_PWR PWR_H RF_OUT NC NC 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 1 35 2 34 3 33 4 32 5 6 ATA5823/ATA5824 31 30 7 29 8 28 9 27 10 26 11 25 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 NC NC NC AVCC VS2 VS1 SETPWR TEST1 DVCC CS_POL TEST2 XTAL1 RSSI CS TEST3 SCK SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO CLK IRQ POUT VSINT NC XTAL2 3 4829D–RKE–06/06 Table 2-1. Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Pin Description Symbol NC NC NC RF_IN NC 433_N868 NC R_PWR PWR_H RF_OUT NC NC NC NC NC AVCC VS2 VS1 SETPWR TEST1 DVCC CS_POL TEST2 XTAL1 XTAL2 NC VSINT POUT IRQ CLK SDO_TMDO SDI_TMDI SCK TEST3 CS RSSI CDEM RX_TX2 RX_TX1 PWR_ON NC Function Not connected Not connected Not connected RF input Not connected Selects RF input/output frequency range Not connected Resistor to adjust output power Pin to select output power RF output Not connected Not connected Not connected Not connected Not connected Blocking of the analog voltage supply Power supply input for voltage range 4.4V to 5.6V Power supply input for voltage range 2.15V to 3.6V Internal Programmable Resistor to adjust output power Test input, at GND during operation Blocking of the digital voltage supply Select polarity of pin CS Test input, at GND during operation Reference crystal Reference crystal Not connected Microcontroller interface supply voltage Programmable output Interrupt request Clock output to connect a microcontroller Serial data out/transparent mode data out Serial data in/transparent mode data in Serial clock Test output open during operation Chip select for serial interface Output of the RSSI amplifier Capacitor to adjust the lower cut-off frequency data filter Has to be connected GND Switch pin to decouple LNA in TX mode (RKE mode) Input to switch on the system (active high) Not connected 4 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Table 2-1. Pin 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Pin Description (Continued) Symbol NC SCK_POL SCK_PHA N_PWR_ON RX_ACTIVE NC NC GND Function Not connected Polarity of the serial clock Phase of the serial clock Keyboard input (can also be used to switch on the system, active low) Indicates RX operation mode Not connected Not connected Ground/Backplane (exposed die pad) Figure 2-2. Block Diagram RX_ACTIVE 433_N868 SETPWR R_PWR RF_OUT PWR_H RX_TX1 RX_TX2 LNA RX/TX switch PA Fract.-NFrequency Synthesizer Signal processing (Mixer IF-filter IF-amplifier FSK/ASK demodulator Data filter Data slicer) DVCC AVCC RF transceiver Frontend Enable PA_Enable (ASK) TX_DATA (FSK) RX/TX FREQ FREF Digital control logic Power Supply VS2 VS1 13 Demod_Out RF_IN TX/RX Data buffer Control register Status register Polling circuit Bit-check logic Synchronous logic (Full duplex operation mode) Switches Regulators Wake-up Reset PWR_ON N_PWR_ON CDEM RSSI XTAL1 XTAL2 TEST3 CLK POUT IRQ CS SCK SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO µC_Interface Reset XTO TEST1 TEST2 CS_POL SPI SCK_POL SCK_PHA VSINT GND 5 4829D–RKE–06/06 3. Typical Key Fob Application for Bi-directional RKE Figure 3-1. Typical Key Fob Application for Bi-directional RKE with 5 dBm TX Power, 433.92 MHz C11 20 mm × 0.4 mm L1 C7 C6 RX_ACTIVE NC NC NC N_PWR_ON SCK_POL PWR_ON RX_TX1 SCK_PHA RX_TX2 NC NC NC NC RF_IN CDEM RSSI CS TEST3 SCK AVCC C5 R1 NC 433_N868 NC R_PWR PWR_H RF_OUT SETPWR CS_POL SDI_TMDI Microcontroller ATA5823/ATA5824 SDO_TMDO CLK IRQ POUT VSINT NC TEST2 XTAL1 XTAL2 VCC VSS L2 C8 C10 Loop antenna C9 NC VS2 VS1 NC NC NC NC AVCC TEST1 DVCC C1 C2 13.25311 MHz C3 + Litihum-cell Figure 3-1 shows a typical 433.92 MHz RKE key fob application. The external components are 10 capacitors, 1 resistor, 2 inductors and a crystal. C1 to C3 are 68 nF voltage supply blocking capacitors. C5 is a 10 nF supply blocking capacitor. C6 is a 15 nF fixed capacitor used for the internal quasi-peak detector and for the high-pass frequency of the data filter. C7 to C11 are RF matching capacitors in the range of 1 pF to 33 pF. L1 is a matching inductor of about 5.6 nH to 56 nH. L2 is a feed inductor of about 120 nH. A load capacitor of 9 pF for the crystal is integrated. R1 is typically 22 kΩ and sets the output power to about 5.5 dBm. The loop antenna’s quality factor is somewhat reduced by this application due to the quality factor of L2 and the RX/TX switch. On the other hand, this lower quality factor is necessary to have a robust design with a bandwidth that is wide enough for production tolerances. Due to the single-ended and ground-referenced design, the loop antenna can be a free-form wire around the application as it is usually employed in RKE unidirectional systems. The ATA5823/ATA5824 provides sufficient isolation and robust pulling behavior of internal circuits from the supply voltage as well as an integrated VCO inductor to allow this. Since the efficiency of a loop antenna is proportional to the square of the surrounded area, it is beneficial to have a large loop around the application board with a lower quality factor to relax the tolerance specification of the RF matching components and to get a high antenna efficiency in spite of their lower quality factor. 6 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 4. Typical Car Application for Bi-directional RKE Figure 4-1. Typical Car Application for Bi-directional RKE with 10 dBm TX Power, 433.92 MHz SAW filter L4 L3 20 mm × 0.4 mm C7 C6 C11 RX_ACTIVE SCK_PHA NC NC NC N_PWR_ON NC SCK_POL PWR_ON RX_TX1 RX_TX2 NC NC NC RF_IN AVCC CDEM RSSI CS TEST3 SCK C5 R1 NC 433_N868 NC R_PWR PWR_H SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO Microcontroller ATA5823/ATA5824 CLK IRQ POUT VSINT VCC VSS L2 50 Ω connector RF_OUT SETPWR CS_POL L1 C8 C10 C9 NC VS2 VS1 NC NC NC AVCC NC NC TEST2 XTAL1 XTAL2 TEST1 RFOUT DVCC 13.25311 MHz C1 C2 C4 C3 VCC = 4.4 V ... 5.25 V Figure 4-1 shows a typical 433.92 MHz VCC = 4.4V to 5.25V RKE car application. The external components are 11 capacitors, 1 resistor, 4 inductors, a SAW filter and a crystal. C1, C3 and C4 are 68 nF voltage supply blocking capacitors. C2 is a 2.2 µF supply blocking capacitor for the internal voltage regulator. C5 is a 10 nF supply blocking capacitor. C6 is a 15 nF fixed capacitor used for the internal quasi-peak detector and for the high-pass frequency of the data filter. C7 to C11 are RF matching capacitors in the range of 1 pF to 33 pF. L2 to L4 are matching inductors of about 5.6 nH to 56 nH. A load capacitor for the crystal of 9 pF is integrated. R1 is typically 22 kΩ and sets the output power at RFOUT to about 10 dBm. Since a quarter wave or PCB antenna, which has high efficiency and wideband operation, is typically used here, it is recommended to use a SAW filter to achieve high sensitivity in case of powerful out-of-band blockers. L1, C10 and C9 together form a low-pass filter, which is needed to filter out the harmonics in the transmitted signal to meet regulations. 7 4829D–RKE–06/06 5. Typical Key Fob Application for Full-duplex PEG Figure 5-1. Typical Key Fob Application for Full-duplex PEG, 433.92 MHz C4 RX_ACTIVE N_PWR_ON PWR_ON NC NC NC RX_TX1 SCK_PHA SCK_POL RX_TX2 NC NC NC CDEM RSSI CS TEST3 SCK C6 C5 C7 R1 L2 NC RF_IN AVCC NC 433_N868 NC R_PWR PWR_H RF_OUT SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO Microcontroller Loop antenna 2 ATA5823/ATA5824 CLK IRQ POUT VSINT VCC VSS CS_POL 20% overlap SETPWR TEST1 TEST2 VS2 VS1 NC NC NC NC XTAL1 DVCC AVCC C8 NC NC XTAL2 C9 Loop antenna 1 C1 C10 + C2 13.25311 MHz C3 Litihum-cell Figure 5-1 shows a typical 433.92 MHz PEG key fob application. The external components are 10 capacitors, 1 resistor, 1 inductor and a crystal. C1 to C3 are 68 nF voltage supply blocking capacitors. C7 is a 10 nF supply blocking capacitor. C4 is a 15 nF fixed capacitor used for the internal quasi-peak detector and for the high-pass frequency of the data filter. C5, C6, C8 and C9 are RF matching capacitors in the range of 1 pF to 33 pF. L2 is a feed inductor of about 120 nH. C10 is a 10 nF capacitor which is necessary to prevent that signals couple into the pin R_PWR, causing amplitude modulation of the output power and a spurious rise of the transmitted signal. R1 and C10 should be placed close to the R_PWR pin. A load capacitor of 9 pF for the crystal is integrated. R1 is typically 22 kΩ and SETPWR is programmed to get an output power of –7 dBm in full-duplex mode and 5 dBm in half-duplex mode. The quality factor of the loop antenna 1 is only reduced by the quality factor of L2, the tolerances of C9 and C8 are thus important. The quality factor of the loop antenna 2 is reduced to half due to the loading with the input impedance of RF_IN. With well designed loop antennas and the correct degree of overlapping, the isolation between RF_OUT and RF_IN is about 28 dB and the coupled output power from RF_OUT to RF_IN is about –35 dBm. The decoupling of two loop antennas situated close to each other is due to the effect that the magnetic flux from the part of loop antenna 1 that does not overlap and that of the overlapping part has an opposite direction. Depending on the relative position between the two antennas, a decoupling of 28 dB is achievable. Due to additional capacitive coupling between the loops the position of the components C5, C6 and C8, C9 are also important. The receive Sensitivity in full-duplex mode is reduced from –106 dBm without coupled RF-Power at RF_IN to –96 dBm with –35 dBm coupled RF power at RF_IN. 8 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 6. Typical Car Application for Full-duplex PEG Figure 6-1. Typical Car Application for Full-duplex PEG, 433.92 MHz 50 Ω connector to RX antenna C6 SAW filter C7 C8 AVCC L3 C5 R1 L1 NC NC NC RF_IN NC 433_N868 NC R_PWR PWR_H RF_OUT SETPWR CS_POL TEST1 TEST2 RX_ACTIVE SCK_PHA NC NC NC N_PWR_ON NC SCK_POL PWR_ON RX_TX1 RX_TX2 RFIN L2 CDEM RSSI CS TEST3 SCK SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO Microcontroller ATA5823/ATA5824 CLK IRQ POUT VSINT NC XTAL1 XTAL2 VCC VSS C10 TX Loop antenna (located in the control unit) NC VS2 VS1 NC NC NC NC AVCC C9 C1 C11 C2 C4 DVCC 13.25311 MHz C3 VCC = 4.4 V ... 5.25 V Figure 6-1 shows a typical 433.92 MHz VCC = 4.4V to 5.25V PEG car application. The external components are 11 capacitors, 1 resistor, 3 inductors, a SAW Filter and a crystal. C1, C3 and C4 are 68 nF voltage supply blocking capacitors. C2 is a 2.2 µF supply blocking capacitors for the internal voltage regulator. C5 is a 10 nF supply blocking capacitor. C6 is a 15 nF fixed capacitor used for the internal quasi-peak detector and for the high-pass frequency of the data filter. C7 to C10 are RF matching capacitors in the range of 1 pF to 33 pF. L1 is a feed inductor of about 120 nH, L2 and L3 are matching inductors to match the RX-antenna to the SAW and the SAW to RF_IN. A load capacitor of 9 pF for the crystal is integrated. C11 is a 10 nF capacitor which is necessary to prevent that signals couple into the pin R_PWR, causing amplitude modulation of the output power and a spurious rise of the transmitted signal. R1 and C11 should be placed close to the R_PWR pin. R1 is typically 22 kΩ and SETPWR is programmed to get an output power of 0 dBm in full-duplex mode and 5 dBm in half-duplex mode. The quality factor of the TX-loop antenna is only reduced by the quality factor of L1, the tolerances of C9 and C10 are thus important. Since the 2 Antennas are located at different places the isolation between RF_OUT and RF_IN is about 45 dB and the coupled output power from RF_OUT to RF_IN is about –45 dBm. The receive Sensitivity in full-duplex mode is reduced from –106 dBm without coupled RF power at RF_IN to –102 dBm with –45 dBm coupled RF power at RF_IN. The use of SAW filters in the full-duplex system is unsuitable due to the high group delay which desensitize the receiver. 9 4829D–RKE–06/06 7. RF Transceiver in Half-duplex Mode According to Figure 2-2 on page 5, the RF transceiver consists of an LNA (Low-Noise Amplifier), PA (Power Amplifier), RX/TX switch, fractional-N frequency synthesizer and the signal processing part with mixer, IF filter, IF amplifier with analog RSSI, FSK/ASK demodulator, data filter and data slicer. In receive mode the LNA pre-amplifies the received signal which is converted down to 226 kHz intermediate frequency (IF), filtered and amplified before it is fed into an FSK/ASK demodulator, data filter and data slicer. The RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) signal and the raw digital output signal of the demodulator are available at the pins RSSI and on TEST3 (open drain output). The demodulated data signal Demod_Out is fed into the digital control logic where it is evaluated and buffered as described in section “Digital Control Logic” on page 35. In transmit mode the fractional-N frequency synthesizer generates the TX frequency which is fed into the PA. In ASK mode the PA is modulated by the signal PA_Enable. In FSK mode the PA is enabled and the signal TX_DATA (FSK) modulates the fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The frequency deviation is digitally controlled and internally fixed to about ±19.5 kHz (see Table 9-1 on page 30 for exact values). The transmit data can also be buffered as described in section “Digital Control Logic” on page 35. A lock detector within the synthesizer ensures that the transmission will only start if the synthesizer is locked. In half-duplex mode the RX/TX switch can be used to combine the LNA input and the PA output to a single antenna with a minimum of losses. In full-duplex mode more isolation between receive and transmit antenna is needed, therefore two antennas have to be used. Transparent modes without buffering of RX and TX data are also available to allow protocols and coding schemes other than the internal supported Manchester encoding, like PWM and pulse position coding. 7.1 Low-IF Receiver The receive path consists of a fully integrated low-IF receiver. It fulfills the sensitivity, blocking, selectivity, supply voltage and supply current specification needed to manufacture an automotive key fob for RKE and PEG systems without the use of a SAW blocking filter (see Figure 3-1 on page 6 and Figure 5-1 on page 8). The receiver can be connected to the roof antenna in the car when using an additional blocking SAW front-end filter as shown in Figure 4-1 on page 7. At 433.92 MHz the receiver has a typical system noise figure of 6.5 dB, a system I1dBCP of –30 dBm and a system IIP3 of –20 dBm. The signal path is linear for disturbers up to the I1dBCP and there is hence no AGC or switching of the LNA needed to achieve a better blocking performance. This receiver uses an IF of about 226 kHz (see table “Electrical Characteristics” number 2.10 for exact values), the typical image rejection is 30 dB and the typical 3 dB system bandwidth is 220 kHz (f I F = 226 kHz ±110 kHz, f lo _ I F = 116 kHz and f h i_ I F = 336 kHz). The demodulator needs a signal to noise ratio of 8 dB for 20 Kbit/s Manchester with ±19.5 kHz frequency deviation in FSK mode, thus, the resulting sensitivity at 433.92 MHz is typically –105.5 dBm. Due to the low phase noise and spurious of the synthesizer in receive mode(1) together with the eighth order integrated IF filter the receiver has a better selectivity and blocking performance than more complex double superhet receivers, without using external components and without numerous spurious receiving frequencies. Note: 1. –120 dBC/Hz at ±1 MHz and –72 dBC at ±fXTO at 433.92 MHz 10 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 A low-IF architecture is also less sensitive to second-order intermodulation (IIP2) than direct conversion receivers where every pulse or amplitude modulated signal (especially the signals from TDMA systems like GSM) demodulates to the receiving signal band at second-order non-linearities. 7.2 Input Matching at RF_IN The measured input impedances as well as the values of a parallel equivalent circuit of these impedances can be seen in Table 7-1. The highest sensitivity is achieved with power matching of these impedances to the source impedance of 50Ω. Table 7-1. Measured Input Impedances of the RF_IN Pin fRF/MHz 315 433.92 868.3 ZIn(RF_IN) (44-j233)Ω (32-j169)Ω (21-j78)Ω RIn_p//CIn_p 1278Ω//2.1 pF 925Ω//2.1 pF 311Ω//2.2 pF The matching of the LNA Input to 50Ω was done with the circuit according to Figure 7-1 and with the values of the matching elements given in Table 7-2. The reflection coefficients were always ≤ –10 dB. Note that value changes of C1 and L1 may be necessary to compensate individual board layout parasitics. The measured typical FSK and ASK Manchester code sensitivities with a Bit Error Rate (BER) of 10-3 are shown in Table 7-3 on page 12 and Table 7-4 on page 12. These measurements were done with multilayer inductors having quality factors according to Table 7-2, resulting in estimated matching losses of 0.8 dB at 315 MHz, 0.8 dB at 433.92 MHz and 0.7 dB at 868.3 MHz. These losses can be estimated when calculating the parallel equivalent resistance of the inductor with R loss = 2 × π × f × L × Q L a nd the matching loss with 10 log(1+RIn_p/Rloss). With an ideal inductor, for example, the sensitivity at 433.92 MHz/FSK/20 Kbit/s/ ±19.5 kHz/Manchester can be improved from –105.5 dBm to –106.7 dBm. The sensitivity also depends on the values in the registers of the control logic which examines the incoming data stream. The examination limits must be programmed in control registers 5 and 6. The measurements in Table 7-3 and Table 7-4 on page 12 are based on the values of registers 5 and 6 according to Table 14-3 on page 60. Figure 7-1. Input Matching to 50Ω C1 4 L1 ATA5823/ATA5824 RF_IN 11 4829D–RKE–06/06 Table 7-2. 315 Input Matching to 50Ω C1/pF 2.4 1.8 1.2 L1/nH 47 27 6.8 QL1 65 67 50 fRF/MHz 433.92 868.3 Table 7-3. Measured Typical Sensitivity 433.92 MHz, FSK, ±19.5 kHz, Manchester, BER = 10-3 BR_Range_0 1.0 Kbit/s –109.5 dBm –108.5 dBm –105.5 dBm BR_Range_0 2.4 Kbit/s –110.0 dBm –109.0 dBm –106.5 dBm BR_Range_1 5.0 Kbit/s –109.0 dBm –108.0 dBm –105.5 dBm BR_Range_2 10 Kbit/s –107.5 dBm –106.5 dBm –103.5 dBm BR_Range_3 20 Kbit/s –106.5 dBm –105.5 dBm –103.0 dBm RF Frequency 315 MHz 433.92 MHz 868.3 MHz Table 7-4. Measured Typical Sensitivity 433.92 MHz, 100% ASK, Manchester, BER = 10-3 BR_Range_0 1.0 Kbit/s –117.0 dBm –116.0 dBm –113.0 dBm BR_Range_0 2.4 Kbit/s –117.0 dBm –116.0 dBm –113.0 dBm BR_Range_1 5.0 Kbit/s –114.5 dBm –113.5 dBm –111.5 dBm BR_Range_2 10 Kbit/s –112.5 dBm –111.5 dBm –109.0 dBm RF Frequency 315 MHz 433.92 MHz 868.3 MHz 7.3 Sensitivity versus Supply Voltage, Temperature and Frequency Offset To calculate the behavior of a transmission system it is important to know the reduction of the sensitivity due to several influences. The most important are frequency offset due to crystal oscillator (XTO) and crystal frequency (XTAL) errors, temperature and supply voltage dependency of the noise figure and IF filter bandwidth of the receiver. Figure 7-2 shows the typical sensitivity at 433.92 MHz/FSK/20 Kbit/s/±19.5 kHz/Manchester versus the frequency offset between transmitter and receiver at T amb = – 40°C, +25°C and +105°C and supply voltage VS = VS1 = VS2 = 2.15V, 3.0V and 3.6V. Figure 7-2. Measured Sensitivity 433.92 MHz/FSK/20 Kbit/s/±19.5 kHz/Manchester versus Frequency Offset, Temperature and Supply Voltage -110.0 -109.0 -108.0 -107.0 -106.0 Sensitivity/dBm -105.0 -104.0 -103.0 -102.0 -101.0 -100.0 -99.0 -98.0 -97.0 -96.0 -95.0 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 Frequency Offset/kHz 40 60 80 100 VS = 2.15 V Tamb = -40°C VS = 3.0 V Tamb = -40°C VS = 3.6 V Tamb = -40°C VS = 2.15 V Tamb = 25°C VS = 3.0 V Tamb = 25°C VS = 3.6 V Tamb = 25°C VS = 2.15 V Tamb = 105°C VS = 3.0 V Tamb = 105°C VS = 3.6 V Tamb = 105°C 12 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 As can be seen in Figure 7-2 on page 12 the supply voltage has almost no influence on the sensitivity. The temperature has an influence of about +1.5/ –0.7 dB and a frequency offset of ±85 kHz also influences by about ±1 dB. All these influences, combined with the sensitivity of a typical IC (–105.5dBm), are then within a range of –102.5 dBm and –107 dBm overtemperature, supply voltage and frequency offset. The integrated IF filter has an additional production tolerance of ±10 kHz, hence, a frequency offset between the receiver and the transmitter of ±75 kHz can be accepted for XTAL and XTO tolerances. Note: For the demodulator used in the ATA5823/ATA5824, the tolerable frequency offset does not change with the data frequency, hence, the value of ±75 kHz is valid for 1 Kbit/s to 20 Kbit/s. This small sensitivity change over supply voltage, frequency offset and temperature is very unusual in such a receiver. It is achieved by an internal, very fast and automatic frequency correction in the FSK demodulator after the IF filter, which leads to a higher system margin. This frequency correction tracks the input frequency very quickly, if however, the input frequency makes a larger step (e.g., if the system changes between different communication partners), the receiver has to be restarted. This can be done by switching back to IDLE mode and then again to RX mode. For that purpose, an automatic mode is also available. This automatic mode switches to IDLE mode and back into RX mode every time a bit error occurs (see section “Digital Control Logic” on page 35). 7.4 Frequency Accuracy of the Crystals in Bi-directional RKE/PEG The XTO is an amplitude regulated Pierce type oscillator with integrated load capacitors. The initial tolerances (due to the frequency tolerance of the XTAL, the integrated capacitors on XTAL1, XTAL2 and the XTO’s initial transconductance gm) can be compensated to a value within ±0.5 ppm by measuring the CLK output frequency and tuning of fRF by programming the control registers 2 and 3 (see Table 12-7 on page 38 and Table 12-10 on page 39). The XTO then has a remaining influence of less than ±2 ppm overtemperature and supply voltage due to the bandgap controlled gm of the XTO. Thus only 2.5 ppm add to the frequency stability of the used crystals overtemperature and aging. The needed frequency stability of the used crystals o vertemperature and aging is hence ±75 kHz/433.92 MHz – 2 × ±2.5 ppm = ±167.84 ppm for 433.92 MHz and ±75 kHz/868.3 MHz – 2 × ±2.5 ppm = ±81.4 ppm for 868.3 MHz. Thus, the used crystals in receiver and transmitter each need to be better than ±83.9 ppm for 433.92 MHz and ±40.7 ppm for 868.3 MHz. 7.5 Frequency Accuracy of the Crystals in a Combined RKE/PEG and TPM System In a tire pressure measurement system working at 433.92 MHz and using a TPM transmitter ATA5757 and a transceiver ATA5824 as a receiver, the higher frequency tolerances and the tolerance of the frequency deviation of this transmitter has to be considered. In the TPM transmitter the crystal has an frequency error overtemperature –40°C to +125°C, aging and tolerance of ±80 ppm (±34.7 kHz at 433.92 MHz). The tolerances of the XTO, the capacitors used for FSK-Modulation and the stray capacitors, causing an additional frequency error of ±30 ppm (±13 kHz at 433.92 MHz). The frequency deviation of such a transmitter varies between ±16 kHz and ±24 kHz, since a higher frequency deviation is equivalent to an frequency error, this has to be considered as an additional ±24 kHz – ±19.5 kHz = ±4.5kHz frequency tolerance. All tolerances added, these transmitters have a worst case frequency offset of ±52.2 kHz. 13 4829D–RKE–06/06 For the transceiver in the car a tolerance of ±75 kHz – ±52.2 kHz = ±22.8 kHz (±52.5 ppm) remains. The needed frequency stability of the used crystals overtemperature and aging is ±52.5 ppm – ±2.5 ppm = ±50 ppm. The aging of such a crystal is ±10 ppm leaving reasonable ±40 ppm for the temperature dependency of the crystal frequency in the car. Since the transceiver in the car is able to receive these TPM transmitter signals with high frequency offsets, the component specification in the key can be largely relaxed. This system calculation is based on worst case tolerances of all the components, this leads in practice to a system with margin. For a 315 MHz TPM system using a TPM transmitter ATA5756 and a transceiver ATA5823 as receiver the same calculation must be done, but since the RF frequency is lower, every ppm of crystal tolerances results in less frequency offset and either the system can have higher tolerances or a higher margin there. For 868 MHz it is not possible to use the transceiver ATA5824 in a combined RKE/PEG and TPM system since all the tolerances double because of the higher RF frequency. 7.6 RX Supply Current versus Temperature and Supply Voltage Table 7-5 shows the typical supply current at 433.92 MHz of the transceiver in RX mode versus supply voltage and temperature with V S = V S1 = V S2. As can be seen the supply current at VS = 2.15V and Tamb = –40°C is less than at VS = 3V/Tamb = 25° which helps to enlarge the battery lifetime within a key fob application because this is also the operation point where a lithium cell has the worst performance. The typical supply current at 315 MHz or 868.3 MHz in RX mode is about the same as for 433.92 MHz. Table 7-5. Measured 433.92 MHz Receive Supply Current in FSK mode 2.15V 8.2 mA 9.7 mA 11.2 mA 3.0V 8.8 mA 10.3 mA 11.9 mA 3.6V 9.2 mA 10.8 mA 12.4 mA VS = VS1 = VS2 Tamb = –40°C Tamb = 25°C Tamb = 105°C 7.7 Blocking, Selectivity As can be seen in Figure 7-3, Figure 7-4 and Figure 7-5 on page 15, the receiver can receive signals 3 dB higher than the sensitivity level in presence of large blockers of –44.5 dBm/-36.0 dBm with small frequency offsets of ±1/ ±10 MHz. Figure 7-3 and Figure 7-4 on page 15 shows the close-in and narrow-band blocking and Figure 7-5 on page 15 the wide-band blocking characteristic. The measurements were done with a useful signal of 433.92 MHz/FSK/20 Kbit/s/±19.5 kHz/Manchester with a level of –105.5 dBm + 3 dB = –102.5 dBm which is 3 dB above the sensitivity level. The figures show by how much a continuous wave signal can be larger than –102.5 dBm until the BER is higher than 10-3. The measurements were done at the 50Ω input according to Figure 7-1 on page 11. At 1 MHz, for example, the blocker can be 58 dBC higher than –102.5 dBm which is –102.5 dBm +58 dBC = –44.5 dBm. These blocking figures, together with the good intermodulation performance, avoid the additional need of a SAW filter in the key fob application. 14 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 7-3. Close In 3 dB Blocking Characteristic and Image Response at 433.92 MHz 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Blocking [dBC] Distance of Interfering to Receiving Signal [MHz] Figure 7-4. Narrow Band 3 dB Blocking Characteristic at 433.92 MHz 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Blocking [dBC] Distance of Interfering to Receiving Signal [MHz] Figure 7-5. Wide Band 3 dB Blocking Characteristic at 433.92 MHz 80.0 70.0 60.0 Blocking [dBC] 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 -10.0 -50.0 -40.0 -30.0 -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 Distance of Interfering to Receiving Signal [MHz] 15 4829D–RKE–06/06 Table 7-6 shows the blocking performance measured relative to –102.5 dBm for some frequencies. Note that sometimes the blocking is measured relative to the sensitivity level –105.5 dBm (denoted dBS) instead of the carrier –102.5 dBm (denoted dBC). Blocking 3 dB Above Sensitivity Level with BER < 10-3 Blocker Level –47.5 dBm –47.5 dBm –44.5 dBm –44.5 dBm –42.0 dBm –42.0 dBm –35.5 dBm –35.5 dBm Blocking 55.0 dBC/58.0 dBS 55.0 dBC/58.0 dBS 58.0 dBC/61.0 dBS 58.0 dBC/61.0 dBS 60.5 dBC/63.5 dBS 60.5 dBC/63.5 dBS 67.0 dBC/70.0 dBS 67.0 dBC/70.0 dBS +0.75 MHz –0.75 MHz +1.0 MHz –1.0 MHz +1.5 MHz –1.5 MHz +10 MHz –10 MHz Table 7-6. Frequency Offset The ATA5823/ATA5824 can also receive FSK and ASK modulated signals if they are much higher than the I1dBCP. It can typically receive useful signals at +10 dBm. This is often referred to as the nonlinear dynamic range which is the maximum to minimum receiving signal which is 115.5 dB for 433.92 MHz/FSK/20 Kbit/s/±19.5 kHz/ Manchester. This value is useful if two transceivers have to communicate and are very close to each other. In a keyless entry system there is another blocking characteristic that has to be considered. A keyless entry system has a typical service range of about 30 m with a receiver sensitivity of about –106 dBm to –109 dBm. In some cases, large blockers limit this service range, and it is important to know how large this blockers can be until the system doesn’t work anymore and the user has to use its key. With a recommended sensitivity of about –85 dBm, the system works just around the car. Figure 7-6 and Figure 7-7 on page 17 show the blocking performance in this important case with a useful signal of – 85dBm 433.92 MHz/FSK/20 Kbit/s/±19.5 kHz/ Manchester. As can be seen the system works even with blockers above the compression point. This is due to a wide bandwidth automatic gain control that begins to work if blockers above the compression point are at the antenna input and increasing the current in the LNA/Mixer to get a better compression point needed to handle these large blockers. Figure 7-6. ±2.5 MHz Blocking Characteristic for –85 dBm Useful Signal at 433.92 MHz -20.0 -30.0 Blocker Level [dBm] -40.0 -50.0 -60.0 -70.0 -80.0 -90.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Distance of Interfering to Receiving Signal [MHz] 16 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 7-7. ±50 MHz Blocking Characteristic for –85 dBm Useful Signal at 433.92 MHz 0.0 -10.0 Blocker Level [dBm] -20.0 -30.0 -40.0 -50.0 -60.0 -70.0 -80.0 -90.0 -50.0 -40.0 -30.0 -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 Distance of Interfering to Receiving Signal [MHz] This high blocking performance makes it even possible for some applications using quarter wave whip antennas to use a simple LC band-pass filter instead of a SAW filter in the receiver. When designing such a LC filter, take into account that the 3 dB blocking at 433.92 MHz/2 = 216.96 MHz is 42 dBC and at 433.92 MHz/3 = 144.64 MHz is 47 dBC and at 2 × (433.92 MHz + 226 kHz) + –226 kHz = 868.066 MHz/868.518 MHz is 50 dBC. And especially that at 3 × (433.92 MHz + 226 kHz)+226 kHz = 1302.664 MHz the receiver has a second LO harmonic receiving frequency with only 17 dBC blocking. 7.8 Inband Disturbers, Data Filter, Quasi-peak Detector, Data Slicer If a disturbing signal falls into the received band, or a blocker is not a continuous wave, the performance of a receiver strongly depends on the circuits after the IF filter. Hence the demodulator, data filter and data slicer are important in that case. The data filter of the ATA5823/ATA5824 implies a quasi-peak detector. This results in a good suppression of above mentioned disturbers and exhibits a good carrier to noise performance. The required ratio of useful signal to disturbing signal, at a BER of 10-3 is less than 12 dB in ASK mode and less than 3 dB (BR_Range_0 ... BR_Range_2) and 6 dB (BR_Range_3) in FSK mode. Due to the many different possible waveforms these numbers are measured for signal as well as for disturbers with peak amplitude values. Note that these values are worst case values and are valid for any type of modulation and modulating frequency of the disturbing signal as well as the receiving signal. For many combinations, lower carrier to disturbing signal ratios are needed. 7.9 TEST3 Output The internal raw output signal of the demodulator Demod_Out is available at pin TEST3. TEST3 is an open drain output and must be connected to a pull-up resistor if it is used (typically 100 kΩ), otherwise no signal is present at that pin. This signal is mainly used for debugging purposes during the setup of a new application, since the received data signal can be seen there without any digital processing. 17 4829D–RKE–06/06 7.10 RSSI Output The output voltage of the pin RSSI is an analog voltage, proportional to the input power level. Using the RSSI output signal, the signal strength of different transmitters can be distinguished. The usable dynamic range of the RSSI amplifier is 70 dB, the input power range P RFIN i s –115 dBm to –45 dBm and the gain is 8 mV/dB. Figure 7-8 on page 18 shows the RSSI characteristic of a typical device at 433.92 MHz with VS1 = VS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V and Tamb = –40°C to +105°C with a matched input according to Table 7-2 on page 12 and Figure 7-1 on page 11. At 868.3 MHz about 2.7 dB more signal level and at 315 MHz about 1 dB less signal level is needed for the same RSSI results. Figure 7-8. Typical RSSI Characteristic at 433.92 MHz versus Temperature and Supply Voltage 1100 1000 VRSSI (mV) 900 800 700 min. 600 typ. max. 500 400 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 PRF_IN (dBm) 7.11 Frequency Synthesizer and Channel Selection The synthesizer is a fully integrated fractional-N design with internal loop filters for receive and transmit mode. The XTO frequency fXTO is the reference frequency FREF for the synthesizer. The bits FR0 to FR12 in control registers 2 and 3 (see Table 12-7 on page 38 and Table 12-10 on page 39) are used to adjust the deviation of f XTO . In half-duplex transmit mode, at 433.92 MHz, the carrier has a phase noise of –111 dBC/Hz at 1 MHz and spurious at FREF of – 70 dBC with a high PLL loop bandwidth allowing the direct modulation of the carrier with 20 Kbit/s Manchester data. Due to the closed loop modulation, any spurious caused by this modulation are effectively filtered out as can be seen in Figure 7-11 on page 20. In RX mode the synthesizer has a phase noise of –120 dBC/Hz at 1 MHz and spurious of –72 dBC. The initial tolerances of the crystal oscillator due to crystal frequency tolerances, internal capacitor tolerances and the parasitics of the board have to be compensated at manufacturing setup with control registers 2 and 3 as can be seen in Table 9-1 on page 30. The other control words for the synthesizer needed for ASK, FSK and receive/transmit switching are calculated internally. The RF (Radio Frequency) resolution is equal to the XTO frequency divided by 16384 which is 777.1 Hz at 315.0 MHz, 808.9 Hz at 433.92 MHz and 818.59 Hz at 868.3 MHz. The frequency control word FREQ in control registers 2 and 3 can be programmed in the range of 1000 to 6900, hence every frequency within the 433 MHz and 868 MHz ISM bands can be programmed as receive and as transmit frequency and the position of channels within these ISM bands can be chosen arbitrarily (see Table 9-1 on page 30). 18 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Care must be taken regarding the harmonics of the CLK output signal as well as to the harmonics produced by a microprocessor clocked with it, since these harmonics can disturb the reception of signals. In a single channel system using FREQ = 3803 to 4053 ensures that harmonics of this signal, do not disturb the receive mode. 7.12 FSK/ASK Transmission Due to the fast modulation capability of the synthesizer and the high resolution, the carrier can be internally FSK modulated which simplifies the application of the transceiver. The deviation of the transmitted signal is ±24 digital frequency steps of the synthesizer which is equal to ±18.65 kHz for 315 MHz, ±19.41 kHz for 433.92 MHz and ±19.64 kHz for 868.3 MHz. Due to closed loop modulation with PLL filtering, the modulated spectrum is very clean, meeting ETSI and CEPT regulations when using a simple LC filter for the power amplifier harmonics as it is shown in Figure 4-1. In ASK mode the frequency is internally connected to the center of the FSK transmission and the power amplifier is switched on and off to perform the modulation. Figure 7-9 to Figure 7-11 on page 20 show the spectrum of the FSK modulation with pseudo-random data with 20 Kbit/s/±19.41 kHz/Manchester and 5 dBm output power. Figure 7-9. FSK-modulated TX Spectrum (433.92 MHz/20 Kbit/s/±19.41 kHz/Manchester Code) Ref 10 dBm Samp Log 10 dB/ Atten 20 dB VAvg 50 W1 S2 S3 FC Center 433.92 MHz Res BW 100 kHz VBW 100 kHz Span 30 MHz Sweep 7.5 ms (401 pts) 19 4829D–RKE–06/06 Figure 7-10. Unmodulated TX Spectrum 433.92 MHz - 19.41 kHz (fFSK_L) Ref 10 dBm Samp Log 10 dB/ Atten 20 dB VAvg 50 W1 S2 S3 FC Center 433.92 MHz Res BW 10 kHz VBW 10 kHz Span 1 MHz Sweep 27.5 ms (401 pts) Figure 7-11. FSK-modulated TX Spectrum (433.92 MHz/20 Kbit/s/±19.41 kHz/Manchester Code) Ref 10 dBm Samp Log 10 dB/ Atten 20 dB VAvg 50 W1 S2 S3 FC Center 433.92 MHz Res BW 10 kHz VBW 10 kHz Span 1 MHz Sweep 27.5 ms (401 pts) 20 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 7.13 Output Power Setting and PA Matching at RF_OUT The Power Amplifier (PA) is a single-ended open collector stage which delivers a current pulse which is nearly independent of supply voltage, temperature and tolerances due to band-gap stabilization. Resistor R1 (see Figure 7-12 on page 22) sets a reference current which controls the current in the PA. A higher resistor value results in a lower reference current, a lower output power and a lower current consumption of the PA. The usable range of R1 is 15 kΩ to 56 kΩ. The PWR_H pin switches the output power range between about 0 dBm to 5 dBm (PWR_H = GND) and 5 dBm to 10 dBm (PWR_H = AVCC) by multiplying this reference current with a factor 1 (PWR_H = GND) and 2.5 (PWR_H = AVCC) which corresponds to about 5 dB more output power. If the PA is switched off in TX mode, the current consumption without output stage and with VS1 = VS2 = 3V, Tamb = 25°C is typically 6.5 mA for 868.3 MHz and 6.95 mA for 315 MHz and 433.92 MHz. The maximum output power is achieved with optimum load resistances RLopt according to Table 7-7 on page 22. The compensation of the 1.0 pF output capacitance of the RF_OUT pin will be achieved by absorbing it into the matching network, consisting of L1, C1, C3 as shown in Figure 7-12 on page 22. There must be also a low resistive DC path to AVCC to deliver the DC current of the power amplifier's last stage. The matching of the PA output was done with the circuit according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with the values in Table 7-7. Note that value changes of these elements may be necessary to compensate individual board layout parasitics. Example: According to Table 7-7 on page 22, with a frequency of 433.92 MHz and output power of 11 dBm, the overall current consumption is typically 17.8 mA. Hence the PA needs 17.8 mA - 6.95 mA = 10.85 mA in this mode which corresponds to an overall power amplifier efficiency of the PA of (10(11dBm/10) × 1 mW)/(3V × 10.85 mA) × 100% = 38.6% in this case. Using a higher resistor in this example of R1 = 1.091 × 22 kΩ = 24 kΩ results in 9.1% less current in the PA of 10.85 mA/1.091 = 9.95 mA and 10 × log(1.091) = 0.38 dB less output power if using a new load resistance of 300 Ω × 1.091 = 327 Ω. The resulting output power is then 11 dBm – 0.38 dB = 10.6 dBm and the overall current consumption is 6.95 mA + 9.95 mA = 16.9 mA. The values of Table 7-7 on page 22 were measured with standard multi-layer chip inductors with quality factors Q according to Table 7-7 on page 22. Looking to the 433.92 MHz/11 dBm case with the quality factor of QL1 = 43 the loss in this inductor L1 is estimated with the parallel equivalent resistance of the inductor Rloss = 2 × π × f × L1 × QL1 and the matching loss with 10 log (1 + RLopt/Rloss) which is equal to 0.32 dB losses in this inductor. Taking this into account the PA efficiency is then 42% instead of 38.6%. Be aware that the high power mode (PWR_H = AVCC) can only be used with a supply voltage higher than 2.7V, whereas the low power mode (PWR_H = GND) can be used down to 2.15V as can be seen in the section “Electrical Characteristics: General” on page 72. The supply blocking capacitor C2 (10 nF) in Figure 7-12 on page 22 has to be placed close to the matching network because of the RF current flowing through it. 21 4829D–RKE–06/06 An internal programmable resistor SETPWR is programmable with the control register 8, described in Table 12-25 on page 43. It can be used in conjunction with an external resistor to adjust the output power by connection it like in the application Figure 5-1 on page 8 or Figure 6-1 on page 9. To do that the output power should be adjusted with an external resistor about 50% lower than needed for the target output power and reduced with the programmable resistor during production test until the target power is as close as possible to the target. For example, if using 433.92 MHz at 5 dBm, a resistor of 12k instead of 24k is used and values of PWSET between 25 and 29 can be used to achieve an output power within 5 dBm ±0.5 dB over production. In full-duplex mode this internal resistor is used to reduce the output power for full-duplex operation versus the power in half-duplex operation. Note that this resistor is temperature stable but has tolerances of ±20% and introduces, therefore, additional output power tolerances, it is recommended to adjust output power during the production test if using the SETPWR resistor. Figure 7-12. Power Setting and Output Matching AVCC C2 L1 C1 10 RFOUT C3 R1 8 ATA5820/ATA5821 RF_OUT R_PWR VPWR_H 9 PWR_H Table 7-7. Frequency (MHz) 315 315 315 433.92 433.92 433.92 868.3 868.3 868.3 Measured Output Power and Current Consumption with VS1 = VS2 = 3V, Tamb = 25°C TX Current (mA) 8.5 10.5 16.7 8.6 11.2 17.8 9.3 11.5 16.3 Output Power (dBm) 0.4 5.7 10.5 0.1 6.2 11 –0.3 5.4 9.5 R1 (kΩ) 56 27 27 56 22 22 33 15 22 VPWR_H 0 0 AVCC 0 0 AVCC 0 0 AVCC RLopt (Ω) 2500 920 350 2300 890 300 1170 471 245 L1 (nH) 82 68 56 56 47 33 12 15 10 QL1 28 32 35 40 38 43 58 54 57 C1 (pF) 1.5 2.2 3.9 0.75 1.5 2.7 1.0 1.0 1.5 C3 (pF) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.3 0 0 22 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 7.14 Output Power and TX Supply Current versus Supply Voltage and Temperature Table 7-8 shows the measurement of the output power for a typical device with VS1 = VS2 = VS in the 433.92 MHz and 6.2 dBm case versus temperature and supply voltage measured according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with components according to Table 7-7 on page 22. As opposed to the receiver sensitivity the supply voltage has here the major impact on output power variations because of the large signal behavior of a power amplifier. Thus a 5V system using the internal voltage regulator shows much less variation than a 2.15V to 3.6V battery system because the AVCC supply voltage is 3.25V ±0.25V for a 5V system. The reason is that the amplitude at the output RF_OUT with optimum load resistance is AVCC – 0.4V and the power is proportional to (AVCC – 0.4V)2 if the load impedance is not changed. This means that the theoretical output power reduction if reducing the supply voltage from 3.0V to 2.15V is 10 log ((3V – 0.4V)2/(2.15V – 0.4V)2) = 3.4 dB. Table 7-8 shows that principle behavior in the measurements. This is not the same case for higher voltages, since here, increasing the supply voltage from 3V to 3.6V should theoretical increase the power by 1.8 dB, but only 0.9 dB in the measurements shows that the amplitude does not increase with the supply voltage because the load impedance is optimized for 3V and the output amplitude stays more constant because of the current source nature of the output. . Table 7-8. Measured Output Power and Supply Current at 433.92 MHz, PWR_H = GND 2.15V 9.25 mA 3.2 dBm 10.2 mA 3.4 dBm 10.9 mA 3.0 dBm 3.0V 10.19 mA 5.5 dBm 11.19 mA 6.2 dBm 12.02 mA 5.4 dBm 3.6V 10.78 mA 6.2 dBm 11.79 mA 7.1 dBm 12.73 mA 6.3 dBm VS = VS1 = VS2 Tamb = –40°C Tamb = +25°C Tamb = +105°C Table 7-9 shows the relative changes of the output power of a typical device compared to 3.0V/25°C. As can be seen, a temperature change to –40°C as well as to +105°C reduces the power by less than 1 dB due to the band-gap regulated output current. Measurements of all the cases in Table 7-7 on page 22 overtemperature and supply voltage have shown about the same relative behavior as shown in Table 7-9. Table 7-9. Measurements of Typical Output Power Relative to 3 V/25°C 2.15V –3.0 dB –2.8 dB –3.2 dB 3.0V –0.7 dB 0 dB –0.8 dB 3.6V 0 dB +0.9 dB +0.1 dB VS = VS1 = VS2 Tamb = –40°C Tamb = +25°C Tamb = +105°C 23 4829D–RKE–06/06 7.15 RX/TX Switch The RX/TX switch decouples the LNA from the PA in TX mode, and directs the received power to the LNA in RX mode. To do this, it has a low impedance to GND in TX mode and a high impedance to GND in RX mode. The pin 38 (RX_TX2) must always be connected to GND in the application. To design a proper RX/TX decoupling a linear simulation tool for radio frequency design together with the measured device impedances of Table 7-1 on page 11, Table 7-7 on page 22, Table 7-10 on page 24 and Table 7-11 on page 25 should be used. The exact element values have to be found on board. Figure 7-13 on page 24 shows an approximate equivalent circuit of the switch. The principal switching operation is described here according to the application of Figure 3-1 on page 6. The application of Figure 4-1 on page 7 works similarly. . Table 7-10. Impedance of the RX/TX Switch RX_TX2 Shorted to GND Z(RX_TX1) TX mode (4.8 + j3.2)Ω (4.5 + j4.3)Ω (5 + j9)Ω Z(RX_TX1) RX mode (11.3 – j214)Ω (10.3 – j153)Ω (8.9 – j73)Ω Frequency 315 MHz 433.92 MHz 868.3 MHz Figure 7-13. Equivalent Circuit of the Switch RX_TX1 1.6 nH 2.5 pF TX 5Ω 11 Ω 7.16 Matching Network in TX Mode In TX mode the 20 mm long and 0.4 mm wide transmission line which is much shorter than λ/4 is approximately switched in parallel to the capacitor C9 to GND. The antenna connection between C8 and C9 has an impedance of about 50Ω looking from the transmission line into the loop antenna with pin RF_OUT, L2, C10, C8 and C9 connected (using a C9 without the added 7.6 pF capacitor as discussed later). The transmission line can be approximated with a 16 nH inductor in series with a 1.5Ω resistor, the closed switch can be approximated according to Table 7-10 with the series connection of 1.6 nH and 5Ω in this mode. To have a parallel resonant high impedance circuit with little RF power going into it looking, from the loop antenna into the transmission line a capacitor of about 7.6 pF to GND is needed at the beginning of the transmission line (this capacitor is later absorbed into C9, which is then higher as needed for 50Ω transformation). To keep the 50Ω impedance in RX mode at the end of this transmission line C7 has to be also about 7.6 pF. This reduces the TX power by about 0.5 dB at 433.92 MHz compared to the case where the LNA path is completely disconnected. 24 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 7.17 Matching Network in RX Mode In RX mode the RF_OUT pin has a high impedance of about 7 kΩ in parallel with 1.0 pF at 433.92 MHz as can be seen in Table 7-11 on page 25. This together with the losses of the inductor L2 with 120 nH and QL2 = 25 gives about 3.7 kΩ loss impedance at RF_OUT. Since the optimum load impedance in TX mode for the power amplifier at RF_OUT is 890Ω the loss associated with the inductor L2 and the RF_OUT pin can be estimated to be 10 × log(1 + 890/3700) = 0.95 dB compared to the optimum matched loop antenna without L2 and RF_OUT. The switch represents, in this mode at 433.92 MHz, about an inductor of 1.6 nH in series with the parallel connection of 2.5 pF and 2.0 kΩ. Since the impedance level at pin RX_TX1 in RX mode is about 50Ω there is only a negligible damping of the received signal by about 0.1 dB. When matching the LNA to the loop antenna the transmission line and the 7.6 pF part of C9 has to be taken into account when choosing the values of C11 and L1 so that the impedance seen from the loop antenna into the transmission line with the 7.6 pF capacitor connected is 50Ω. Since the loop antenna in RX mode is loaded by the LNA input impedance the loaded Q of the loop antenna is lowered by about a factor of 2 in RX mode hence the antenna bandwidth is higher than in TX mode. . Table 7-11. Impedance RF_OUT Pin in RX mode Z(RF_OUT)RX 36Ω − j 502 Ω 19Ω − j 366 Ω 2.8Ω −j 141Ω RP//CP 7 kΩ/ / 1.0 pF 7 kΩ/ / 1.0 pF 7 kΩ/ / 1.3 pF Frequency 315 MHz 433.92 MHz 868.3 MHz Note that if matching to 50Ω, like in Figure 4-1 on page 7, a high Q wire wound inductor with a Q > 70 should be used for L2 to minimize its contribution to RX losses which will otherwise be dominant. The RX and TX losses will be in the range of 1.0 dB there. 8. RF Transceiver in Full-duplex Mode The full-duplex mode of the ATA5823/ATA5824 is intended to be used for the purpose of security against a so called relay attack in passive entry systems. A property of such a passive entry system is that the user has not to push a key fob button like in a keyless entry system. If the user approaches to the door of the car it will wake up the key (in most cases with a low frequency 125 kHz signal) and the communication between the key and the car starts without interaction of the user and afterwards the door opens. Due to this new feature of the system there is a new possibility of entering a car without permission. One can trigger this communication, take the 125 kHz signal from the car, remodulate it on another carrier and transmit it over a much longer distance than intended by the system. Than receive this signal and remodulate it onto the 125 kHz carrier and retransmit this signal close to the user having the key fob with permission for the car. Such a system is called an RF-Relay and therefore this kind of attack is called relay attack. The high frequency signals of the ATA5823/ATA5824 could be treated the same way if only a half-duplex mode is used within a passive entry system. If using half-duplex RF transceivers, the attacker can switch the direction of the relay with a transmit power detector. 25 4829D–RKE–06/06 To prevent that the ATA5823/ATA5824 receives and transmit its RF-signals on the same frequency and at the same time. Since the attacker has then to receive and transmit RF signals at the same frequency and time it will be much more difficult to built the hardware for this kind of attack, since its own transmitted output power couples back to its receiver. This mode works as follows: Both transceivers transmit FSK with a modulation deviation of half the IF (a frequency deviation of about ±113 kHz), switches the image rejection in the receive path off and uses the transmit frequency as local oscillator for the receiver. If both transceivers send FSK-low or both send FSK-high, the resulting IF is close to zero and is filtered out by the IF-filter. Both receivers receive than a low-signal by using the ASK demodulator as receiver. If the transceivers send different symbols e.g. FSK-low/FSK-high or FSK-high/FSK-low the resulting IF is close to 226 kHz and the ASK demodulator receives a high-signal. Since the transceivers are synchronized at the beginning of the data transfer, they can calculate the transmitted data of the other transceiver from their own transmitted data and the data received from the ASK demodulator. To use that mode, the received power from the transmitter side of a transceiver should not couple with a to high magnitude to its LNA otherwise the receive path will be desensitized. Therefore, two different antennas for transmit and receive are used with good decoupling (see Figure 5-1 on page 8 and Figure 6-1 on page 9). Since defined packets are transmitted in FD-mode and the critical point in the transmission is the synchronization and not the data transfer, the sensitivity in FD-mode is defined for packets with 8 bytes of useful data (usually the response from a crypto-challenge response transmission) and for a Packet Error Rate PER of 5%. For the full-duplex mode the data rate is fixed to 5 Kbit/s The sensitivity of the receiver in full-duplex mode is dependant on the absolute power value and the phase of the power coupled from the PA to the LNA. Due to the phase dependency, three values are given in the Table 8-1, the first is the typical and the second and third one shows the sensitivity variation. Table 8-1. Typical Full-duplex Sensitivity Dependent on the Parasitic Received Power and Coupling Phase from the PA 433.92 MHz/Full-duplex Mode/5 Kbit/s PER = 5% at 3V, 25°C Typical Sensitivity/dBm –91 –96 –100 –103 –104 Sensitivity Variation/dBm –88.5/–92.5 –93.5/–97.5 –97.5/–101.5 –100.5/–104.5 –101.5/–105.5 Power from RFOUT at RFIN/dBm –30 –35 –40 –45 –50 The IC internal decoupling of the RFIN from RFOUT with a power amplifier load impedance optimized for +5dBm is 65 dB on a well designed PCB, hence the coupling is mainly due to the cross-coupling of the antennas. 26 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Table 8-2. Typical Measured Supply Current and Output Power in Full-duplex Mode 433.92 MHz/Power Amplifier is Load Optimized for +5 dBm, R1 = 22k, PWRSET = 20, (Battery Application) 2.15V 10.2 mA/–6.2 dBm 11.8 mA/–6.4 dBm 13.4 mA/–7.5 dBm 3.0V 10.9 mA/–5.2 dBm 12.5 mA/–5.2 dBm 14.2 mA/–5.9 dBm 3.6V 11.4 mA/–4.6 dBm 13.1 mA/–4.5 dBm 14.8 mA/–5.0 dBm VS = VS1 = VS2 = VSINT Tamb = –40°C Tamb = +25°C Tamb = +105°C Table 8-3. Typical Measured Supply Current and Output Power in Full-duplex Mode/ 433.92 MHz/Power Amplifier is Load Optimized for +5 dBm, R1 = 22k, PWRSET = 31, (Car Application) 4.4V 13.6 mA/3.7 dBm 15.6 mA/4.3 dBm 17.6 mA/ 4.6 dBm 5V 13.6 mA/3.7 dBm 15.6 mA/4.3 dBm 17.6 mA/4.6 dBm 5.25V 13.6 mA/3.7 dBm 15.6 mA/4.3 dBm 17.6 mA/4.6 dBm VS = VS2 = VSINT Tamb = –40°C Tamb = +25°C Tamb = +105°C 9. XTO The XTO is an amplitude regulated Pierce oscillator type with integrated load capacitances (2 × 18 pF with a tolerance of ±17%) hence CLmin = 7.4 pF and CLmax = 10.6 pF. The XTO oscillation frequency fXTO is the reference frequency FREF for the fractional-N synthesizer. When designing the system in terms of receiving and transmitting frequency offset the accuracy of the crystal and XTO have to be considered. The synthesizer can adjust the local oscillator frequency for the initial frequency error in fXTO. This is done at nominal supply voltage and temperature with the control registers 2 and 3 (see Table 12-7 on page 38 and Table 12-10 on page 39). The remaining local oscillator tolerance at nominal supply voltage and temperature is then < ±0.5 ppm. The XTO’s gm has very low influence of less than ±2 ppm on the frequency at nominal supply voltage and temperature. In a single channel system less than ±150 ppm should be corrected to avoid that harmonics of the CLK output disturb the receive mode. If the CLK is not used, or carefully layouted on the application PCB (as needed for multi channel systems), more than ±150 ppm can be compensated. The additional XTO pulling is only ±2 ppm, overtemperature and supply voltage. The XTAL versus temperature and its aging is then the main source of frequency error in the local oscillator. The XTO frequency depends on XTAL properties and the load capacitances CL1, 2 at pin XTAL1 and XTAL2. The pulling of fXTO from the nominal fXTAL is calculated using the following formula: Cm C LN – C L 6 P = ------- × ------------------------------------------------------------ × 10 ppm. 2 ( C 0 + C LN ) × ( C 0 + C L ) Cm is the crystal's motional, C0 the shunt and CLN the nominal load capacitance of the XTAL found in its datasheet. CL is the total actual load capacitance of the crystal in the circuit and consists of CL1 and CL2 in series connection. 27 4829D–RKE–06/06 Figure 9-1. XTAL with Load Capacitances Crystal equivalent circuit XTAL C0 Lm Cm Rm CL1 CL2 CL= CL1 × CL2/(CL1 + CL2) With C m ≤ 14 fF, C 0 ≥ 1.5 pF, C LN = 9 pF and C L = 7.4 pF to 10.6 pF the pulling amounts to P ≤ ±100 ppm and with Cm ≤ 7 fF, C0 ≥ 1.5 pF, CLN = 9 pF and CL = 7.4 pF to 10.6 pF the pulling is P ≤ ±50 ppm. Since typical crystals have less than ±50 ppm tolerance at 25°C, the compensation is not critical and can, in both cases, be done with the ±150 ppm. C0 of the XTAL has to be lower than CLmin/2 = 3.7 pF for a Pierce oscillator type in order to not enter the steep region of pulling versus load capacitance where there is a risk of an unstable oscillation. To ensure proper start-up behavior the small signal gain, and thus the negative resistance provided by this XTO at start is very large. For example oscillation starts up, even in worst case, with a crystal series resistance of 1.5 kΩ at C0 ≤2.2 pF with this XTO. The negative resistance is approximately given by ⎧ Z1 × Z3 + Z2 × Z3 + Z1 × Z2 × Z3 × gm ⎫ Re { XTOcore } = Re ⎨ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ⎬ Z Z1 + Z2 + Z3 + Z1 × Z2 × gm ⎩ ⎭ with Z1, Z2 as complex impedances at pin XTAL1 and XTAL2 hence Z1 = –j/(2 × π × fXTO × CL1) + 5Ω and Z2 = –j/(2 × π × fXTO × CL2) + 5Ω. Z3 consists of crystals C0 in parallel with an internal 110 kΩ resistor hence Z3 = –j/(2 × π × fXTO × C0) /110 kΩ, gm is the internal transconductance between XTAL1 and XTAL2 with typically 19 ms at 25°C. With fXTO = 13.5 MHz, gm = 19 ms, CL = 9 pF, C0 = 2.2 pF this results in a negative resistance of about 2 kΩ. The worst case for technological, supply voltage and temperature variations is then for C0 ≤ 2.2 pF always higher than 1.5 kΩ. Due to the large gain at start, the XTO is able to meet a very low start-up time. The oscillation start-up time can be estimated with the time constant τ . 2 τ = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 2 4 × π × f m × C m × ( Re ( Z XTOcore ) + R m ) After 10 τ to 20 τ , an amplitude detector detects the oscillation amplitude and sets XTO_OK to High if the amplitude is large enough. This activates the CLK output if CLK_ON and CLK_EN in control register 3 are High (see Table 12-12 on page 39). Note that the necessary conditions of the DVCC voltage also have to be fulfilled (see Figure 9-2 on page 29 and Figure 10-1 on page 31). 28 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 To save current in IDLE and Sleep mode, the load capacitors partially are switched off in this modes with S1 and S2 seen in Figure 9-2 on page 29. It is recommended to use a crystal with C m = 3.0 fF to 7.0 fF, C LN = 9 pF, R m < 120 Ω a nd C0 = 1.0 pF to 2.2 pF. Lower values of Cm can be used, this increases slightly the start-up time. Lower values of C0 or higher values of Cm (up to 15 fF) can also be used, this has only little influence to pulling. Figure 9-2. XTO Block Diagram XTAL1 XTAL2 CLK & fXTO Divider /3 CLK_EN (Control register 3) DVCC_OK (from power supply) CLK_ON (Control register 3) 8 pF 10 pF CL1 CL2 10 pF 8 pF S1 S2 Amplitude detector XTO_OK (to reset logic) In IDLE mode and during sleep mode (RX_Polling) the switches S1 and S2 are open. Divider /16 fDCLK Divider /1 /2 /4 /8 /16 fXDCLK Baud1 Baud0 XLim To find the right values used in the control registers 2 and 3 (see Table 12-7 on page 38 and Table 12-10 on page 39) the relationship between fXTO and the fRF is shown in Table 9-1. To determine the right content, the frequency at pin CLK, as well as the output frequency at RF_OUT in ASK mode can be measured, than the FREQ value can be calculated according to Table 9-1 so that fRF is exactly the desired radio frequency. 29 4829D–RKE–06/06 Table 9-1. Frequency (MHz) 315.0 Calculation of fRF Pin 6 433_N868 AVCC CREG1 Bit(4) FS fXTO (MHz) 1 12.73193 fTX_FSK_L = fTX_FSK_L(FD) fRF 18.65 kHz fRF 19.64 kHz fRF 19.41 kHz Frequency fTX_FSK_H(FD) Resolution fRF + 208.23 kHz fRF + 206.26 kHz fRF + 203.74 kHz 777.1 Hz fRF = fTX_ASK = fRX f XTO × ⎛ 24, 5 + FREQ + 24,5⎞ --------------------------------- ⎠ ⎝ 16384 FREQ + 24,5 f XTO × ⎛ 64, 5 + --------------------------------- ⎞ ⎝ 16384 ⎠ FREQ + 24,5 f XTO × ⎛ 32, 5 + --------------------------------- ⎞ ⎝ 16384 ⎠ fTX_FSK_H fRF + 18.65 kHz fRF + 19.64 kHz fRF + 19.41 kHz 868.3 GND 0 13.41180 818.6 Hz 433.92 AVCC 0 13.25311 808.9 Hz The variable FREQ depends on the bit PLL_MODE in control register 1 and the parameter FREQ2 and FREQ3, which are defined by the bits FR0 to FR12 in control register 2 and 3 and is calculated as follows: FREQ = FREQ2 + FREQ3 Care must be taken with the harmonics of the CLK output signal fCLK, as well as to the harmonics produced by an microprocessor clocked with it, since these harmonics can disturb the reception of signals if they get to the RF input. In a single channel system the use of FREQ = 3803 to 4053 ensures that harmonics of this signal do not disturb the receive mode. In a multichannel system the CLK signal can either be not used or carefully layouted on the application PCB. The supply voltage of the microcontroller must also be carefully blocked in a multichannel system. 9.1 Pin CLK Pin CLK is an output to clock a connected microcontroller. The clock frequency fCLK is calculated as follows: f XTO f CLK = ---------3 The signal at CLK output has a nominal 50% duty cycle. If the bit CLK_EN in control register 3 is set to 0, the clock is disabled permanently. If the bit CLK_EN is set to 1 and bit CLK_ON (control register 3) is set to 0, the clock is disabled as well. If bit CLK_ON is set to 1 and thus the clock is enabled if the Bit-check is ok (RX, RX Polling, FD mode (Slave)), an event on pin N_PWR_ON occurs or the bit Power_On in the status register is 1. Figure 9-3. Clock Timing DVCC VDVCC = 1.6 V (typ) CLK CLK_EN (Control Register 3) CLK_ON (Control Register 3) 30 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 9.2 Basic Clock Cycle of the Digital Circuitry The complete timing of the digital circuitry is derived from one clock. According to Figure 9-2 on page 29, this clock cycle TDCLK is derived from the crystal oscillator (XTO) in combination with a divider. f XTO f DCLK = ---------16 TDCLK controls the following application relevant parameters: • Timing of the polling circuit including bit-check • TX bit rate The clock cycle of the Bit-check and the TX bit rate depends on the selected bit-rate range (BR_Range) which is defined in control register 6 (see Table 12-19 on page 41) and XLim which is defined in control register 4 (see Table 12-16 on page 40). This clock cycle TXDCLK is defined by the following formulas for further reference: BR_Range ⇒ BR_Range 0: TXDCLK = 8 × BR_Range 1: TXDCLK = 4 × BR_Range 2: TXDCLK = 2 × BR_Range 3: TXDCLK = 1 × TDCLK × TDCLK × TDCLK × TDCLK × XLim XLim XLim XLim 10. Power Supply Figure 10-1. Power Supply VS1 SW_AVCC VS2 VSINT ≥1 IN OUT V_REG 3.25 V typ. EN FF1 S ≥1 & R S 0 0 1 1 R 0 1 0 1 Q no change 0 1 1 AVCC PWR_ON N_PWR_ON Q OFFCMD (Command via SPI) DVCC_OK XTO_OK DVCC SW_DVCC V_Monitor (1.6 V typ.) DVCC_OK (to XTO and reset logic) 31 4829D–RKE–06/06 The supply voltage range of the ATA5823/ATA5824 is 2.15V to 3.6V or 4.4V to 5.25V. Pin VS1 is the supply voltage input for the range 2.15V to 3.6V and is used in battery applications using a single lithium 3V cell. Pin VS2 is the voltage input for the range 4.4V to 5.25V (car applications), in this case the voltage regulator V_REG regulates VS1 to typically 3.25V. If the voltage regulator is active, a blocking capacitor of 2.2 µF has to be connected to VS1. Pin VSINT is the voltage input for the Microcontroller_Interface and must be connected to the power supply of the microcontroller. The voltage range of VVSINT is 2.25V to 5.25V (see Figure 10-5 and Figure 10-6 on page 35). AVCC is the internal operation voltage of the RF transceiver and is feed via the switch SW_AVCC by VS1. AVCC must be blocked on pin AVCC with a 68 nF capacitor (see Figure 3-1 on page 6, Figure 4-1 on page 7, Figure 5-1 on page 8 and Figure 6-1 on page 9). DVCC is the internal operation voltage of the digital control logic and is fed via the switch SW_DVCC by VS1. DVCC must be blocked on pin DVCC with 68 nF (see Figure 3-1 on page 6, Figure 4-1 on page 7, Figure 5-1 on page 8 and Figure 6-1 on page 9). Pin PWR_ON is an input to switch on the transceiver (active high). Pin N_PWR_ON is an input for a push button and can also be used to switch on the transceiver (active low). For current consumption reasons it is recommended to set N_PWR_ON to GND only temporarily. Otherwise an additional current flows because of a 50 kΩ pull-up resistor. A voltage monitor generates the signal DVCC_OK if DVCC ≥ 1.6V typically. Figure 10-2. Flow Chart Operation Modes OFF command and pin PWR_ON = 0 and pin N_PWR_ON = 1 OFF Mode AVCC = OFF DVCC = OFF Pin PWR_ON = 1 or pin N_PWR_ON = 0 IDLE Mode AVCC = VS1 DVCC = VS1 OPM2 OPM1 OPM0 0 0 1 TX mode 0 1 0 RX polling mode 0 1 1 RX mode 1 0 1 FD mode (master) 1 1 1 FD mode (slave) TX Mode RX Polling Mode OPM2 = 0 and OPM1 = 0 and OPM0 = 0 RX Mode FD Mode (Slave) FD Mode (Master) AVCC = VS1; DVCC = VS1 32 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 10.1 OFF Mode After connecting the power supply (battery) to pin VS1 and/or VS2 and VSINT, the transceiver is in OFF mode. In OFF mode AVCC and DVCC are disabled, resulting in very low power consumption (IS_OFF is typically ≤10 nA in the key fob application Figure 3-1 on page 6 and Figure 5-1 on page 8 and ≤0.5 µA in the car application Figure 4-1 on page 7 and Figure 6-1 on page 9). In OFF mode the transceiver is not programmable via the 4-wire serial interface. 10.2 IDLE Mode In IDLE mode AVCC and DVCC are connected to the battery voltage (VS1). From OFF mode the transceiver changes to IDLE mode if pin PWR_ON is set to 1 or pin N_PWR_ON is set to 0. This state transition is indicated by an interrupt at pin IRQ and the status bits Power_On = 1 or N_Power_On = 1. In IDLE mode the RF transceiver is disabled and the power consumption IIDLE_VS1,2 is about 270 µA (CLK output OFF VS1 = VS2 = 3V). The exact value of this current is strongly dependent on the application and the exact operation mode, therefore check the section “Electrical Characteristics” for the appropriate application case. Via the 4-wire serial interface a connected microcontroller can program the required parameter and enable the TX, RX polling, RX or FD mode.The transceiver can be set back to OFF mode by an OFF command via the 4-wire serial interface (the input level of pin PWR_ON must be 0 and pin N_PWR_ON = 1 before writing the OFF command) Table 10-1. 0 Control Register 1 OPM1 0 OPM0 0 Function IDLE mode OPM2 10.3 Reset Timing and Reset Logic If the transceiver is switched on (OFF mode to IDLE mode) DVCC and AVCC are ramping up as illustrated in Figure 10-3. The internal signal DVCC_RESET resets the digital control logic and sets the control register to default values. Bit DVCC_RST in the status register is set to 1. After VDVCC exceeds 1.6V (typically) and the start-up time of the XTO is elapsed, the output clock at pin CLK is available. DVCC_RST in the status register is set to 0 if VDVCC exceeds 1.6V, the start-up time of the XTO is elapsed and the status register is read via the 4-wire serial interface. If VDVCC drops below 1.6V (typically) and pin N_PWR_ON = 1 and pin PWR_ON = 0 the transceiver switches to OFF mode. 33 4829D–RKE–06/06 Figure 10-3. Reset Timing 1.6 V (typ) DVCC, AVCC DVCC_RESET read status register DVCC_RST (Status Register) VDVCC > 1.6 V and the XTO is running CLK OFF mode IDLE mode IDLE, TX, RX, RX Polling, FD mode OFF mode Figure 10-4. Reset Logic DVCC_OK & XTO_OK DVCC_RESET 10.4 Battery Application The supply voltage range is 2.15V to 3.6V. Figure 10-5. Battery Application 2.15 V to 3.6 V ATA5823/ATA5824 VS1 VS2 VS Microcontroller RF transceiver Digital control logic microcontroller_Interface AVCC DVCC VSINT CS SCK SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO IRQ CLK OUT OUT OUT IN IN IN 34 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 10.5 Car Application The supply voltage range is 4.4V to 5.25V. Figure 10-6. Car Application 4.4 V to 5.25 V ATA5823/ATA5824 VS1 VS2 VS Microcontroller RF transceiver Digital control logic AVCC DVCC microcontroller_Interface VSINT CS SCK SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO IRQ CLK OUT OUT OUT IN IN IN 11. Microcontroller Interface The microcontroller interface is a level converter which converts all internal digital signals which are referred to the DVCC voltage, into the voltage used by the microcontroller. Therefore, the pin VSINT can be connected to the supply voltage of the microcontroller in the case the microcontroller has another supply voltage than the ATA5823/ATA5824. 12. Digital Control Logic 12.1 Register Structure The configuration of the transceiver is stored in RAM cells. The RAM contains a 16 × 8-bit TX/RX data buffer and a 8 × 8-bit Control register and is write and readable via a 4-wire serial interface (CS, SCK, SDI_TMDI, SDO_TMDO). The 1 × 8-bit status register is not part of the RAM and is readable via the 4-wire serial interface. The RAM and the status information is stored as long as the transceiver is in any active mode (DVCC = VS1) and gets lost if the transceiver is in the OFF mode (DVCC = OFF). After the transceiver is turned on via pin PWR_ON = High or pin N_PWR_ON = Low the control registers are in the default state. 35 4829D–RKE–06/06 Figure 12-1. Register Structure MSB LSB TX/RX Data Buffer: 16 × 8 Bit IR1 IR0 PLL_ MODE FS OPM2 OPM1 OPM0 T_ MODE P_ MODE CLK_ ON Control Register 1 (ADR 0) FR6 FR5 FR4 FR3 FR2 FR1 FR0 Control Register 2 (ADR 1) FR12 FR11 FR10 FR9 FR8 FR7 CLK_ EN Control Register 3 (ADR 2) ASK_ Sleep4 Sleep3 Sleep2 Sleep1 Sleep0 XSleep XLim NFSK BitCh k1 Baud 1 BitCh k0 Baud 0 Lim_ min5 Lim_ max5 Lim_ min4 Lim_ max4 Lim_ min3 Lim_ max3 Lim_ min2 Lim_ max2 Lim_ min1 Lim_ max1 Lim_ min0 Lim_ max0 Control Register 4 (ADR 3) Control Register 5 (ADR 4) Control Register 6 (ADR 5) POUT_ POUT_ SELECT DATA TX5 TX4 TX3 TX2 TX1 TX0 Control Register 7 (ADR 6) - FE_ PWS PWS MODE ELECT ET4 PWS ET3 PWS ET2 PWS ET1 PWS ET0 Control Register 8 (ADR 7) N_ Power _On - - - - Power DVCC _On _RST - Status Register (ADR 16) - = Don't care 36 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 12.2 TX/RX Data Buffer The TX/RX data buffer is used to handle the data transfer during RX and TX operations. 12.3 Control Register To use the transceiver in different applications the transceiver can be configured by a microcontroller connected via the 4-wire serial interface. 12.3.1 Control Register 1 (ADR 0) Table 12-1. IR1 0 0 1 1 IR0 0 1 0 1 Control Register 1 (Function of Bit 7 and Bit 6 in RX Mode) Function (RX Mode) Pin IRQ is set to 1 if 1 received byte is in the TX/RX data buffer or a receiving error occurred Pin IRQ is set to 1 if 2 received bytes are in the TX/RX data buffer or a receiving error occurred Pin IRQ is set to 1 if 4 received bytes are in the TX/RX data buffer or a receiving error occurred (default) Pin IRQ is set to 1 if 12 received bytes are in the TX/RX data buffer or a receiving error occurred Table 12-2. IR1 0 0 1 1 Note: IR0 0 1 0 1 Control Register 1 (Function of Bit 7 and Bit 6 in TX Mode) Function (TX Mode) Pin IRQ is set to 1 if 1 byte still is in the TX/RX data buffer or the TX data buffer is empty Pin IRQ is set to 1 if 2 bytes still are in the TX/RX data buffer or the TX data buffer is empty Pin IRQ is set to 1 if 4 bytes still are in the TX/RX data buffer or the TX data buffer is empty (default) Pin IRQ is set to 1 if 12 bytes still are in the TX/RX data buffer or the TX data buffer is empty The Bits IR0 and IR1 have no function in FD mode Table 12-3. PLL_MODE 0 1 Control Register 1 (Function of Bit 5) Function Adjustable range of FREQ: 3072 to 4095 (default), see Table 12-10 on page 39 Adjustable range of FREQ: 0 to 8191, see Table 12-11 on page 39 Table 12-4. FS 0 1 Control Register 1 (Function of Bit 4) Function (RX Mode, TX Mode, FD Mode) Selected frequency 433/868 MHz (default) Selected frequency 315 MHz 37 4829D–RKE–06/06 Table 12-5. OPM2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Control Register 1 (Function of Bit 3, Bit 2 and Bit 1) OPM1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 OPM0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Function IDLE mode (default) TX mode RX polling mode RX mode Full-duplex mode (Master) Full-duplex mode (Slave) Table 12-6. T_MODE 0 1 Control Register 1 (Function of Bit 0) Function TX and RX function via TX/RX data buffer (default) Transparent mode, TX/RX data buffer disabled, TX modulation data stream via pin SDI_TMDI, RX modulation data stream via pin SDO_TMDO 12.3.2 Control Register 2 (ADR 1) Table 12-7. FR6 26 0 0 . 1 . 1 Note: Control Register 2 (Function of Bit 7, Bit 6, Bit 5, Bit 4, Bit 3, Bit 2 and Bit 1) FR4 24 0 0 . 1 . FR3 23 0 0 . 0 . FR2 22 0 0 . 1 . FR1 21 0 0 . 0 . FR0 20 0 1 . 0 . FREQ2 = 84 (default) Function FREQ2 = 0 FREQ2 = 1 FR5 25 0 0 . 0 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 FREQ2 = 127 LSB’s (total 13 bits), frequency trimming, resolution of fRF is fXTO/16384 which is Tuning of fRF approximately 800 Hz (see section “XTO”, Table 9-1 on page 30) Table 12-8. P_MODE 0 1 Control Register 2 (Function of Bit 0 in RX mode) Function (RX mode) Pin IRQ is set to 1 if the Bit-check is successful (default) No effect on pin IRQ if the Bit-check is successful Table 12-9. P_MODE 0 1 Note: Control Register 2 (Function of Bit 0 in TX mode) Function (TX mode) Manchester modulator on (default) Manchester modulator off (NRZ mode) Bit P_MODE has no function in FD mode 38 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 12.3.3 Control Register 3 (ADR 2) Table 12-10. Control Register 3 (Function of Bit 7, Bit 6, Bit 5, Bit 4, Bit 3 and Bit 2 if Bit PLL_MODE = 0 (in Control Register 1) FR12 212 X X X X X X X X Note: FR11 211 X X X X X X X FR10 210 X X X X X X X FR9 29 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 FR8 28 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 FR7 27 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Function FREQ3 = 3072 FREQ3 = 3200 FREQ3 = 3328 FREQ3 = 3456 FREQ3 = 3584 FREQ3 = 3712 FREQ3 = 3840(default) FREQ3 = 3968 X X Tuning of fRF MSB’s Table 12-11. Control Register 3 (Function of Bit 7, Bit 6, Bit 5, Bit 4, Bit 3 and Bit 2 if Bit PLL_MODE = 1 (in Control Register 1) FR12 212 0 0 0 . 0 . 1 1 Note: FR11 211 0 0 0 . 1 . 1 FR10 210 0 0 0 . 1 . 1 FR9 29 0 0 0 . 1 . 1 1 FR8 28 0 0 1 . 1 . 1 1 FR7 27 0 1 0 . 0 . 0 1 Function FREQ3 = 0 FREQ3 = 128 FREQ3 = 256 . FREQ3 = 3840 (default) . FREQ3 = 7936 FREQ3 = 8064 1 1 Tuning of fRF MSB’s Table 12-12. Control Register 3 (Function of Bit 1 and Bit 0) CLK_EN 0 CLK_ON X Function (RX Mode, TX Mode, FD Mode) Clock output off (pin CLK) Clock output off (pin CLK). Clock switched on by an event: - Bit-check ok or - event on pin N_PWR_ON or - bit Power_On in the status register is 1 1 0 1 Note: 1 Clock output on (default) Bit CLK_ON is set to 1 if the Bit-check is ok (RX_Polling, RX mode), an event at pin N_PWR_ON occurs or the bit Power_On in the status register is 1. 39 4829D–RKE–06/06 12.3.4 Control Register 4 (ADR 3) Table 12-13. Control Register 4 (Function of Bit 7) ASK_NFSK 0 1 Note: Function (TX Mode, RX Mode) FSK mode (default) ASK mode Bit ASK_NFSK has no function in FD mode Table 12-14. Control Register 4 (Function of Bit 6, Bit 5, Bit 4, Bit 3 and Bit 2) Sleep4 24 0 0 . 1 . 1 Note: Sleep3 23 0 0 . 1 . Sleep2 22 0 0 . 0 . Sleep1 21 0 0 . 0 . Sleep0 20 0 1 . 0 . 31 24 (TSleep = 24× 1024 × TDCLK × XSleep) (default) Function (RX Mode) Sleep (TSleep = Sleep × 1024 × TDCLK × XSleep) 0 1 1 1 1 1 Bits Sleep0 ... Sleep4 have no function in TX mode and FD mode Table 12-15. Control Register 4 (Function of Bit 1) XSleep 0 1 Note: Function XSleep = 1; extended TSleep off (default) XSleep = 8; extended TSleep on Bit XSleep has no function in TX mode and FD mode Table 12-16. Control Register 4 (Function of Bit 0) XLim 0 1 Note: Function XLim = 1; extended TLim_min, TLim_max off (default) XLim = 2; extended TLim_min, TLim_max on has no function in TX mode and FD mode Bit XLim 12.3.5 Control Register 5 (ADR 4) Table 12-17. Control Register 5 (Function of Bit 7 and Bit 6) BitChk1 0 0 1 1 Note: BitChk0 0 1 0 Function NBit-check = 0 (0 bits checked during bit-check) NBit-check = 3 (3 bits checked during bit-check) (default) NBit-check = 6 (6 bits checked during bit-check) 1 NBit-check = 9 (9 bits checked during bit-check) Bits BitChk0 and BitChk1 have no function in TX mode and FD mode Master 40 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Table 12-18. Control Register 5 (Function of Bit 5, Bit 4, Bit 3, Bit 2, Bit 1 and Bit 0) Function (RX Mode, FD Mode Slave) Lim_min (Lim_min < 10 are not Applicable) (TLim_min = Lim_min × TXDCLK) 10 11 (TLim_min = 11 × TXDCLK) (default) 63 Lim_min5 25 0 0 . 1 Lim_min4 24 0 0 . 1 Lim_min3 23 1 1 . 1 Lim_min2 22 0 0 . 1 Lim_min1 21 1 1 . 1 Lim_min0 20 0 1 . 1 Bits Lim_min0 to Lim_min5 have no function in TX mode and FD mode Master. 12.3.6 Control Register 6 (ADR 5) Table 12-19. Control Register 6 (Function of Bit 7 and Bit 6) Baud1 0 Baud0 0 Function (RX Mode, TX Mode, FD Mode) Bit-rate range 0 (B0) 1.0 Kbit/s to 2.5 Kbit/s; TXDCLK = 8 × TDCLK × XLim Bit-rate range 1 (B1) 2.0 Kbit/s to 5.0 Kbit/s; TXDCLK = 4 × TDCLK × XLim Bit-rate in FD mode = 1 / (168 × TDCLK) Bit-rate range 2 (B2) 4.0 Kbit/s to 10.0 Kbit/s; TXDCLK = 2 × TDCLK × XLim (default) Bit-rate range 3 (B3) 8.0 Kbit/s to 20.0 Kbit/s; TXDCLK = 1 × TDCLK × XLim Note that the receiver is not working with >10 Kbit/s in ASK mode 0 1 1 0 1 1 Table 12-20. Control Register 6 (Function of Bit 5, Bit 4, Bit 3, Bit 2, Bit 1 and Bit 0) Function (RX Mode, FD Mode Slave) Lim_max (Lim_max < 12 are not Applicable) (TLim_max = (Lim_max - 1) × TXDCLK) 12 13 32 (TLim_max = (32 – 1) × TXDCLK) (default) 63 Lim_max5 25 0 0 . 1 . 1 Note: Lim_max4 24 0 0 . 0 . Lim_max3 23 1 1 . 0 . Lim_max2 22 1 1 . 0 . Lim_max1 21 0 0 . 0 . Lim_max0 20 0 1 . 0 . 1 1 1 1 1 Bits Lim_max0 to Lim_max5 have no function in TX mode and FD mode Master 41 4829D–RKE–06/06 12.3.7 Control Register 7 (ADR 6) Table 12-21. Control Register 7 (Function of Bit 7 and Bit 6) POUT_SELECT 0 0 Note: POUT_DATA 0 1 Function (RX Mode, TX Mode, FD Mode) Output level on pin POUT = 0 (default) Output level on pin POUT = 1 1 X Output level on pin POUT = N_RX_ACTIVE(1) 1. IDLE, TX, FD mode: N_RX_ACTIVE = 1 RX mode: N_RX_ACTIVE = 0 Table 12-22. Control Register 7(Function of Bit 5, Bit 4, Bit 3, Bit 2, Bit 1 and Bit 0) Function (TX Mode) TX (TX < 10 are not Applicable) (TX_Bitrate = 1/(TX + 1) × TXDCLK × 2) 10 11 20 (TX_Bitrate = 1/(20 + 1) × TXDCLK × 2) (default) 63 TX5 25 0 0 . 0 . 1 Note: TX4 24 0 0 . 1 . TX3 23 1 1 . 0 . TX2 22 0 0 . 1 . TX1 21 1 1 . 0 . TX0 20 0 1 . 0 . 1 1 1 1 1 Bits TX0 to TX5 have no function in RX mode and FD mode 12.3.8 Control Register 8 (ADR 7) Table 12-23. Control Register 8 (Function of Bit 6) FE_mode 0 1 Function For future use Bit for internal use, must always set to 1 (default) Table 12-24. Control Register 8 (Function of Bit 5) PWSELECT 0 1 Function (TX Mode, FD Mode) RPWSET = 140Ω typically in TX-mode and as defined by the bits PWSET0 to PWSET4 in FD mode (default) RPWSET as defined by the bits PWSET0 to PWSET4 42 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Table 12-25. Control Register 8 (Function of Bit 4, Bit 3, Bit 2, Bit 1, Bit 0) Function (TX Mode, FD Mode) (SETPWR: Programmable internal resistor to reduce the output power in FD and TX mode) PWSET SETPWR = 800Ω + (31 – PWSET) × 3 kΩ (typically) 0 1 16 (default) SETPWR = 800Ω + (31 – 16) × 3 kΩ (typically) 30 31 PWSET4 24 0 0 . 1 . 1 1 PWSET3 23 0 0 . 0 . 1 1 PWSET2 22 0 0 . 0 . 1 1 PWSET1 21 0 0 . 0 . 1 1 PWSET0 20 0 1 . 0 . 0 1 Normally the SETPWR resistor at pin 19 is used in full-duplex mode to decrease the output power until the level at RF_IN is low enough for reception of signals (PWSELECT = 0). With PWSELECT = 1 this resistor can also be used in normal half-duplex TX operation to adjust the output power for production tolerances. 12.3.9 Status Register (ADR 16) The status register indicates the current status of the transceiver and is readable via the 4-wire serial interface. Setting Power_On or an event on N_Power_On is indicated by an IRQ. Reading the status register resets the bits Power_On, DVCC_RST and the IRQ. Table 12-26. Status Register Status Bit Function Status of pin N_PWR_On Pin N_PWR_ON = 0 → N_Power_On = 1 Pin N_PWR_ON = 1 → N_Power_On = 0 (Figure 12-3 on page 45) N_Power_On Power_On Indicates that the transceiver was woken up by pin PWR_ON (rising edge on pin PWR_ON). During Power_On = 1, the bit CLK_ON in control register 3 is set to 1 (Figure 12-4 on page 46). DVCC_RST is set to 1 if the supply voltage of the RAM (VDVCC) was too low and the information in the RAM may be lost. DVCC_RST = 0 → supply voltage of the RAM ok DVCC_RST = 1 → supply voltage of the RAM was too low (typically VDVCC < 1.6V) If the transceiver changes from OFF mode to IDLE mode, DVCC_RST will be set to 1. Reading the Status register resets DVCC_RST to 0. DVCC_RST 43 4829D–RKE–06/06 12.4 Pin N_PWR_ON To switch the transceiver from OFF to IDLE mode, pin N_PWR_ON must be set to 0 (maximum 0.2 × VVS2) for at least TN_PWR_ON_IRQ (see Figure 12-2). The transceiver recognizes the negative edge and switches on DVCC and AVCC. If VDVCC exceeds 1.6V (typically) and the XTO is settled, the digital control logic is active and sets the status bit N_Power_On to 1, an interrupt is issued (TN_PWR_ON_IRQ) and the output clock on pin CLK is available. If the level on pin N_PWR_ON was set to 1 before the interrupt is issued, the transceiver stays in OFF mode. Note: It is not possible to set the transceiver to OFF-mode by setting pin N_PWR_ON to 1. If pin N_PWR_ON is not used, it should be left open because of the internal pull-up resistor Figure 12-2. Timing Pin N_PWR_ON, Status Bit N_Power_On N_PWR_ON DVCC, AVCC 1.6 V (typ) CLK TN_PWR_ON_IRQ N_Power_On (Status Register) IRQ OFF Mode IDLE Mode If the transceiver is in any of the active modes (IDLE, TX, RX, RX_Polling, FD), an integrated debounce logic is active. If there is an event on pin N_PWR_ON, a debounce counter is set to 0 (T = 0) and started. The status is updated, an interrupt is issued and the debounce counter is stopped after reaching the counter value T = 8195 × TDCLK. An event on N_PWR_ON before reaching T = 8195 × TDCLK stops the debounce counter. While the debounce counter is running, the bit CLK_ON in control register 3 is set to 1. The interrupt is deleted after reading the status register or executes the command Delete_IRQ. If pin N_PWR_ON is not used, it can be left open because of an internal pull-up resistor (typically 50 kΩ). 44 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 12-3. Timing Flow Pin N_PWR_ON, Status Bit N_Power_On IDLE Mode or TX Mode or RX Polling Mode or RX Mode or FD Mode Event on pin N_PWR_ON ? Y N T=0 Start debounce counter Event on pin N_PWR_ON ? Y N T = 8195 × TDCLK ? Y Pin N_PWR_ON =0? Y N N Stop debounce counter Stop debounce counter N_Power_On = 1; IRQ = 1 Stop debounce counter N_Power_On = 0; IRQ = 1 12.5 Pin PWR_ON To switch the transceiver from OFF to IDLE mode, pin PWR_ON must set to 1 (minimum 0.8 × VVSINT) for at least TPWR_ON (see Figure 12-4 on page 46). The transceiver recognizes the positive edge and switches on DVCC and AVCC. If VDVCC exceeds 1.6V (typically) and the XTO is settled, the digital control logic is active and sets the status bit Power_On to 1, an interrupt is issued (TPWR_ON_IRQ_1) and the output clock on pin CLK is available. If the level on pin PWR_ON was set to 0 before the interrupt is issued, the transceiver stays in OFF mode. If the transceiver is in any of the active modes (IDLE, RX, RX_Polling, TX, FD), a positive edge on pin PWR_ON sets Power_On to 1 (after TPWR_ON_IRQ_2). The state transition Power_On 0 →1 generates an interrupt. If Power_On is still 1 during the positive edge on pin PWR_ON, no interrupt is issued. Power_On and the interrupt is deleted after reading the status register. 45 4829D–RKE–06/06 During Power_On = 1, the bit CLK_EN in control register 3 is set to 1. Note: It is not possible to set the transceiver to OFF mode by setting pin PWR_ON to 0. If pin PWR_ON is not used, it must be connected to GND. Figure 12-4. Timing Pin PWR_ON, Status Bit Power_On TPWR_ON > TPWR_ON_IRQ_1 PWR_ON TPWR_ON > TPWR_ON_IRQ_2 DVCC, AVCC 1.6 V (typ) CLK TPWR_ON_IRQ_1 Power_On (Status Register) TPWR_ON_IRQ_2 IRQ OFF Mode IDLE Mode IDLE, RX, RX Polling, TX, FD Mode 12.6 DVCC_RST The status bit DVCC_RST is set to 1 if the voltage on pin DVCC VDVCC d rops under 1.6V (typically). DVCC_RST is set to 0 if VDVCC exceeds 1.6V (typically) and the status register is read via the 4-wire serial interface (see Figure 10-3 on page 34). 46 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 12-5. Timing Flow Status Bit DVCC_RST IDLE, TX, RX, RX Polling, FD Mode VDVCC < 1.6 V (typ) ? N Y Pin PWR_ON = 1 or pin N_PWR_ON = 0 ? N OFF_Mode Y DVCC_RST = 1; Read Status Register 13. Transceiver Configuration The configuration of the transceiver takes place via a 4-wire serial interface (CS, SCK, SDI_TMDI, SDO_TMDO) and is organized in 8-bit units. The configuration is initiated with a 8-bit command. While shifting the command into pin SDI_TMDI, the number of bytes in the TX/RX data buffer are available on pin SDO_TMDO. The read and write commands are followed by one or more 8-bit data units. Each 8-bit data transmission begins with the MSB. 13.1 Command: Read TX/RX Data Buffer During a RX operation the user can read the received bytes in the TX/RX data buffer successively. Figure 13-1. Read TX/RX Data Buffer MSB LSB MSB X RX Data Byte 1 LSB MSB X RX Data Byte 2 LSB SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO SCK CS Command: Read TX/RX Data Buffer No. Bytes in the TX/RX Data Buffer 47 4829D–RKE–06/06 13.2 Command: Write TX/RX Data Buffer During a TX operation the user can write the bytes in the TX/RX data buffer successively. Figure 13-2. Write TX/RX Data Buffer MSB LSB MSB TX Data Byte 1 Write TX/RX Data Buffer LSB MSB TX Data Byte 2 TX Data Byte 1 LSB SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO SCK CS Command: Write TX/RX Data Buffer No. Bytes in the TX/RX Data Buffer 13.3 Command: Read Control/Status Register The control and status registers can be read individually or successively. Figure 13-3. Read Control/Status Register MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO SCK CS Command: Read C/S Register X No. Bytes in the TX/RX Data Buffer Command: Read C/S Register Y Data C/S Register X Command: Read C/S Register Z Data C/S Register Y 13.4 Command: Write Control Register The control registers can be written individually or successively. Figure 13-4. Write Control Register MSB LSB MSB Data Control Register X Write Control Register X LSB MSB LSB SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO SCK CS Command: Write Control Register X No. Bytes in the TX/RX Data Buffer Command: Write Control Register Y Data Control Register X 48 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 13.5 Command: OFF Command If the input level on pin PWR_ON is low and on the key input N_PWR_ON is high, the OFF command sets the transceiver to the OFF mode. Figure 13-5. OFF Command MSB LSB SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO SCK CS Command: OFF Command No. Bytes in the TX/RX Data Buffer 13.6 Command: Delete IRQ The delete IRQ command sets pin IRQ to low. Figure 13-6. Delete IRQ MSB LSB Command: Delete IRQ No. Bytes in the TX/RX Data Buffer SDI_TMDI SDO_TMDO SCK CS 13.7 Command Structure The three most significant bits of the command (bit 5 to bit 7) indicates the command type. Bit 0 to bit 4 describes the target address when reading or writing to a control or status register. Bit 0 to bit 4 in the command Write TX/RX Data Buffer defines the value N (0 ≤ N ≤ 16). The TX operation only will be started if the number of bytes in the TX buffer ≥ N. This function makes sure that the datastream will be sent without gaps. The TX operation only will be started if at least 1 byte are in the TX buffer. This means that N = 0 and N = 1 have the same function. In all other commands Bit 0 to Bit 4 have no effect and should be set to 0 for compatibility reasons with future products. 49 4829D–RKE–06/06 Table 13-1. Command Command Structure MSB Bit 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Bit 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Bit 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Bit 4 X N4 A4 A4 X X X X Bit 3 X N3 A3 A3 X X X X Bit 2 X N2 A2 A2 X X X X Bit 1 X N1 A1 A1 X X X X LSB Bit 0 X N0 A0 A0 X X X X Read TX/RX data buffer Write TX/RX data buffer Read control/status register Write control register OFF command Delete IRQ Not used Not used 13.8 4-wire Serial Interface The 4-wire serial interface consists of the Chip Select (CS), the Serial Clock (SCK), the Serial Data Input (SDI_TMDI) and the Serial Data Output (SDO_TMDO). Data is transmitted/received bit by bit in synchronization with the serial clock. Pin CS_POL defines the active level of the CS: Table 13-2. CS_POL 0 1 Active Level of the CS Function CS active high CS active low When CS is inactive and the transceiver is not in RX transparent mode, SDO_TMDO is in a high-impedance state. Pins SCK_POL and SCK_PHA defines the polarity and the phase of the serial clock SCK. Figure 13-7. Serial Timing SCK_POL = 0, SCK_PHA = 0 TCS_disable CS TSCK_setup1 TCS_setup TCycle TSCK_setup2 TSCK_hold X TSetup THold MSB TOut_enable X TOut_delay MSB X can be either ViL or ViH MSB-1 LSB MSB-1 X X TOut_disable SCK X SDI_TMDI X SDO_TMDO 50 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 13-8. Serial Timing SCK_POL = 0, SCK_PHA = 1 TCS_disable CS TSCK_setup1 TCS_setup TCycle TSCK_setup2 TSCK_hold X TSetup THold SCK X SDI_TMDI X TOut_enable TOut_delay X X can be either ViL or ViH MSB X MSB-1 LSB X TOut_disable SDO_TMDO MSB MSB-1 LSB Figure 13-9. Serial Timing SCK_POL = 1, SCK_PHA = 0 TCS_disable CS TSCK_setup1 TCS_setup TCycle TSCK_setup2 TSCK_hold X TSetup THold SCK X SDI_TMDI X TOut_enable MSB X TOut_delay MSB MSB-1 X X TOut_disable SDO_TMDO X can be either ViL or ViH MSB-1 LSB Figure 13-10. Serial Timing SCK_POL = 1, SCK_PHA = 1 TCS_disable CS TSCK_setup1 TCS_setup TCycle TSCK_setup2 TSCK_hold X TSetup THold X MSB-1 LSB X TOut_disable MSB MSB-1 LSB SCK X SDI_TMDI X TOut_enable TOut_delay X X can be either ViL or ViH MSB SDO_TMDO 51 4829D–RKE–06/06 14. Operation Modes 14.1 RX Operation The transceiver is set to RX operation with the bits OPM0, OPM1 and OPM2 in control register 1 Table 14-1. OPM2 0 0 Control Register 1 OPM1 1 1 OPM0 0 1 Function RX polling mode RX mode The transceiver is designed to consume less than 1 mA in RX operation while being sensitive to signals from a corresponding transmitter. This is achieved via the polling circuit. This circuits enable the signal path periodically for a short time. During this time the Bit-check logic verifies the presence of a valid transmitter signal. Only if a valid signal is detected the transceiver remains active and transfers the data to the connected microcontroller. This transfer take place either via the TX/RX data buffer or via the pin SDO_TMDO. If there is no valid signal present the transceiver is in sleep mode most of the time resulting in low current consumption. This condition is called RX polling mode. A connected microcontroller can be disabled during this time. All relevant parameters of the polling logic can be configured by the connected microcontroller. This flexibility enables the user to meet the specifications in terms of current consumption, system response time, data rate etc. In RX mode the RF transceiver is enabled permanently and the Bit-check logic verifies the presence of a valid transmitter signal. If a valid signal is detected the transceiver transfers the data to the connected microcontroller. This transfer takes place either via the TX/RX data buffer or via the pin SDO_TMDO. 14.1.1 RX Polling Mode If the transceiver is in RX polling mode, it stays in a continuous cycle of three different modes. In sleep mode, the RF transceiver is disabled for the time period TSleep while consuming low current of IS = IIDLE_X. During the start-up period, TStartup_PLL and TStartup_Sig_Proc, all signal processing circuits are enabled and settled. In the following Bit-check mode, the incoming data stream is analyzed bit by bit versus a valid transmitter signal. If no valid signal is present, the transceiver is set back to sleep mode after the period TBit-check. This period varies check by check as it is a statistical process. An average value for TBit-check is given in the electrical characteristics. During TStartup_PLL the current consumption is IS = IRX_X. During TStartup_Sig_Proc and TBit-check the current consumption is I S = I Startup_Sig_Proc_X . The condition of the transceiver is indicated on pin RX_ACTIVE (see Figure 14-1). The average current consumption in RX polling mode IPoll is different in battery application or car application. To calculate IPoll the index X must be replaced by VS1,2 in battery application or VS2 in car application (see section “Electrical Characteristics: General” on page 72). I IDLE_X × T Sleep + I Startup_PLL_X × T Startup_PLL + I RX_X × ( T Startup_Sig_Proc + T Bitcheck ) I Poll = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T Sleep + T Startup_PLL + T Startup_Sig_Proc + T Bitcheck 52 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 To save current it is recommended CLK be disabled during RX polling mode. IP does not include the current of the Microcontroller_Interface IVSINT. If CLK is enabled during the RX polling mode the current consumption is calculated as follows: I S_Poll = I Poll + I VSINT During TSleep, TStartup_PLL and TStartup_Sig_Proc the transceiver is not sensitive to a transmitter signals. To guarantee the reception of a transmitted command the transmitter must start the telegram with an adequate preburst. The required length of the preburst TPreburst depends on the polling parameters TSleep, TStartup_PLL, TStartup_Sig_Proc and TBit-check. Thus, TBit-check depends on the actual bit rate and the number of bits (NBit-check) to be tested. T Preburst ≥ T Sleep + T Startup_PLL + T Startup_Sig_Proc + T Bitcheck 14.1.2 Sleep Mode The length of period TSleep is defined by the 5-bit word sleep in control register 4, the extension factor XSleep defined by the bit XSleep in control register 4 and the basic clock cycle TDCLK. It is calculated to be: T Sleep = Sleep × 1024 × T DCLK × X Sleep In US and European applications, the maximum value of TSleep is about 38 ms if XSleep is set to 1 (which is done by setting the bit XSleep in control register 4 to 0). The time resolution is about 1.2 ms in that case. The sleep time can be extended to about 300 ms by setting XSleep to 8 (which is done by setting XSleep in control register 4 to 1), the time resolution is then about 9.6 ms. 14.1.3 Start-up Mode During TStartup_PLL the PLL is enabled and starts up. If the PLL is locked, the signal processing circuit starts up (TStartup_Sig_Proc). After the start-up time all circuits are in stable condition and ready to receive. 53 4829D–RKE–06/06 Figure 14-1. Flow Chart RX Polling Mode/RX Mode Start RX Polling Mode Sleep Mode: All circuits for analog signal processing are disabled. Only XTO and Polling logic is enabled. Output level on Pin RX_ACTIVE -> Low; IS = IIDLE_X TSleep = Sleep × 1024 × TDCLK × XSleep Sleep: XSleep: TDCLK: Defined by bits Sleep0 ... Sleep4 in Control Register 4 Defined by bit XSleep in Control Register 4 Basic clock cycle Start RX Mode Start-up Mode: Start-up PLL: The PLL is enabled and locked. Output level on pin RX_ACTIVE -> High; IS = IStartup_PLL_X ;TStartup_PLL TStartup_PLL: 798.5 × TDCLK (typ) TStartup_Sig_Proc: Start-up signal processing: The signal processing circuit are enabled. Output level on pin RX_ACTIVE -> High; IS = IStartup_Sig_Proc_X ; TStartup_Sig_Proc 930 × TDCLK 546 × TDCLK 354 × TDCLK 258 × TDCLK (BR_Range 0) (BR_Range 1) (BR_Range 2) (BR_Range 3) Is defined by the selected bit rate range and TDCLK. The bit-rate range is defined by bit Baud0 and Baud1 in Control Register 6. Bit-check Mode: The incomming data stream is analyzed. If the timing indicates a valid transmitter signal, the control bit CLK_ON and OPM0 are set to 1 and the transceiver is set to receiving mode. Otherwise it is set to Sleep mode or to Start-up mode. Output level on pin RX_ACTIVE -> High IS = IStartup_Sig_Proc_X TBit-check NO Bit check ok ? TBit-check: Depends on the result of the bit check. If the bit check is ok, TBit-check depends on the number of bits to be checked (NBit-check) and on the utilized data rate. If the bit check fails, the average time period for that check depends on the selected bit-rate range and on TXDCLK . The bit-rate range is defined by bit Baud0 and Baud1 in Control Register6. YES OPM0=1 ? YES NO NO TSLEEP=0 ? YES T_MODE = 0 AND P_MODE = 0 ? YES Set IRQ NO Set CLK_ON = 1 Set OPM0 = 1 Receiving Mode: The incomming data stream is passed via the TX/RX Data Buffer or via pin SDO_TMDO to the connected microcontroller. If an bit error occurs the transceiver is set back to Start-up mode. Output level on pin RX_ACTIVE -> High IS = IS_RX T_MODE = 1 NO and level on pin CS = inactive ? If the transparent mode is not active and the transceiver detects a bit error after a successful bit check and before the start bit is detected pin IRQ will be set to high and the transceiver is set back to start-up mode. Start bit detected ? YES RX data stream is written into the TX/RX Data Buffer NO YES RX data stream available on pin SDO_TMDO Bit error ? YES NO 54 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 14.1.4 Bit-check Mode In Bit-check mode the incoming data stream is examined to distinguish between a valid signal from a corresponding transmitter and signals due to noise. This is done by subsequent time frame checks where the distance between 2 signal edges are continuously compared to a programmable time window. The maximum count of this edge to edge test before the transceiver switches to receiving mode is also programmable. Bit-check Configuration Assuming a modulation scheme that contains 2 edges per bit, two time frame checks are verifying one bit. This is valid for Manchester, Bi-phase and most other modulation schemes. The maximum count of bits to be checked can be set to 0, 3, 6 or 9 bits via the variable NBit-check in control register 5. This implies 0, 6, 12 and 18 edge to edge checks respectively. If NBit-check is set to a higher value, the transceiver is less likely to switch to receiving mode due to noise. In the presence of a valid transmitter signal, the Bit-check takes less time if NBit-check is set to a lower value. In RX polling mode, the Bit-check time is not dependent on NBit-check if no valid signal is present. Figure 14-2 shows an example where 3 bits are tested successful. 14.1.5 Figure 14-2. Timing Diagram for Complete Successful Bit-check (Number of checked bits: 3) RX_ACTIVE Bit-check ok Bit-check 1/2 bit 1/2 bit 1/2 bit 1/2 bit 1/2 bit 1/2 bit Demod_Out TStartup_Sig_Proc Start-up mode TBit-check Bit-check mode Receiving mode According to Figure 14-3, the time window for the Bit-check is defined by two separate time limits. If the edge to edge time tee is in between the lower Bit-check limit TLim_min and the upper Bit-check limit TLim_max, the check will be continued. If tee is smaller than limit TLim_min or exceeds TLim_max, the Bit-check will be terminated and the transceiver switches to sleep mode. Figure 14-3. Valid Time Window for Bit-check 1/fSignal Demod_Out tee TLim_min TLim_max 55 4829D–RKE–06/06 For the best noise immunity it is recommended to use a low span between TLim_min and TLim_max. This is achieved using a fixed frequency at a 50% duty cycle for the transmitter preburst. A “11111...” or a “10101...” sequence in Manchester or bi-phase is a good choice concerning that advice. A good compromise between sensitivity and susceptibility to noise regarding the expected edge to edge time tee is a time window of ±38%. To get the maximum sensitivity the time window should be ±50% and then NBit-check ≥ 6. Using preburst patterns that contain various edge to edge time periods, the Bit-check limits must be programmed according to the required span. The Bit-check limits are determined by means of the formula below: TLim_min = Lim_min × TXDCLK TLim_max = (Lim_max -1) × TXDCLK Lim_min is defined by the bits Lim_min 0 to Lim_min 5 in control register 5. Lim_max is defined by the bits Lim_max 0 to Lim_max 5 in control register 6. Using the above formulas, Lim_min and Lim_max can be determined according to the required TLim_min, TLim_max and TXDCLK. The time resolution defining TLim_min and TLim_max is TXDCLK. The minimum edge to edge time tee is defined according to the section “Receiving Mode” on page 58. The lower limit should be set to Lim_min ≥ 10. The maximum value of the upper limit is Lim_max = 63. Figure 14-4, Figure 14-5 and Figure 14-6 on page 57 illustrate the Bit-check for the Bit-check limits Lim_min = 14 and Lim_max = 24. The signal processing circuits are enabled during TStartup_PLL and TStartup_Sig_Proc. The output of the ASK/FSK demodulator (Demod_Out) is undefined during that period. When the Bit-check becomes active, the Bit-check counter is clocked with the cycle TXDCLK. Figure 14-4 shows how the Bit-check proceeds if the Bit-check counter value CV_Lim is within the limits defined by Lim_min and Lim_max at the occurrence of a signal edge. In Figure 14-5 on page 57 the Bit-check fails as the value CV_Lim is lower than the limit Lim_min. The Bit-check also fails if CV_Lim reaches Lim_max. This is illustrated in Figure 14-6 on page 57. Figure 14-4. Timing Diagram During Bit-check (Lim_min = 14, Lim_max = 24) RX_ACTIVE Bit-check ok Bit-check ok Bit-check 1/2 bit 1/2 bit 1/2 bit Demod_Out Bit-check counter 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TStartup_Sig_Proc Start-up mode TXDCLK TBit-check Bit-check mode 56 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 14-5. Timing Diagram for Failed Bit-check (Condition CV_Lim < Lim_min) (Lim_min = 14, Lim_max = 24) RX_ACTIVE Bit check failed (CV_Lim < Lim_min) Bit-check 1/2 bit Demod_Out Bit-check counter 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 0 TStartup_Sig_Proc Start-up mode TBit-check Bit-check mode TSleep Sleep mode Figure 14-6. Timing Diagram for Failed Bit-check (Condition: CV_Lim ≥ Lim_max) (Lim_min = 14, Lim_max = 24) RX_ACTIVE Bit-check failed (CV_Lim ≥ Lim_min) Bit-check 1/2 bit Demod_Out Bit-check counter 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0 TStartup_Sig_Proc Start-up mode TBit-check Bit-check mode TSleep Sleep mode 14.1.6 Duration of the Bit-check If no transmitter is present during the Bit-check, the output of the ASK/FSK demodulator delivers random signals. The Bit-check is a statistical process and TBit-check varies for each check. Therefore, an average value for TBit-check is given in the electrical characteristics. TBit-check depends on the selected bit-rate range and on TXDCLK. A higher bit-rate range causes a lower value for TBit-check resulting in a lower current consumption in RX polling mode. In the presence of a valid transmitter signal, TBit-check is dependent on the frequency of that signal, fSignal, and the count of the bits, NBit-check. A higher value for NBit-check thereby results in a longer period for TBit-check requiring a higher value for the transmitter pre-burst TPreburst. 57 4829D–RKE–06/06 14.1.7 Receiving Mode If the Bit-check was successful for all bits specified by NBit-check, the transceiver switches to receiving mode. To activate a connected microcontroller, bit CLK_ON in control register 3 is set to 1. An interrupt is issued at pin IRQ if the control bits T_MODE = 0 and P_MODE = 0. If the transparent mode is active (T_MODE = 1) and the level on pin CS is inactive (no data transfer via the serial interface), the RX data stream is available on pin SDO_TMDO (Figure 14-7). Figure 14-7. Receiving Mode (TMODE = 1) Preburst Bit-check ok Startbit Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Demod_Out 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 SDO_TMDO Bit-check mode Receiving mode If the transparent mode is inactive (T_MODE = 0), the received data stream is buffered in the TX/RX data buffer (see Figure 14-8 on page 59). The TX/RX data buffer is only usable for Manchester and Bi-phase coded signals. It is permanently possible to transfer the data from the data buffer via the 4-wire serial interface to a microcontroller (see Figure 13-1 on page 47). Buffering of the data stream: After a successful Bit-check, the transceiver switches from Bit-check mode to receiving mode. In receiving mode the TX/RX data buffer control logic is active and examines the incoming data stream. This is done, like in the Bit-check, by subsequent time frame checks where the distance between two edges is continuously compared to a programmable time window as illustrated in Figure 14-8 on page 59. Only two distances between two edges in Manchester and Bi-phase coded signals are valid (T and 2T). The limits for T are the same as used for the Bit-check. They can be programmed in control register 5 and 6 (Lim_min, Lim_max). The limits for 2T are calculated as follows: Lower limit of 2T: Lim_min_2T = ( Lim_min + Lim_max ) – ( Lim_max – Lim_min ) ⁄ 2 T Lim_min_2T = Lim_min_2T × T XDCLK Upper limit of 2T: Lim_max_2T = ( Lim_min + Lim_max ) + ( Lim_max – Lim_min ) ⁄ 2 T Lim_max_2T = (Lim_max_2T – 1 ) × T XDCLK If the result of Lim_min_2T or Lim_max_2T is not an integer value, it will be round up. If the TX/RX data buffer control logic detects the start bit, the data stream is written in the TX/RX data buffer byte by byte. The start bit is part of the first data byte and must be different from the bits of the preburst. If the preburst consists of a sequence of “00000...”, the start bit must be a 1. If the preburst consists of a sequence of “11111...”, the start bit must be a 0. 58 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 If the data stream consists of more than 16 bytes, a buffer overflow occurs and the TX/RX data buffer control logic overwrites the bytes already stored in the TX/RX data buffer. So it is very important to ensure that the data is read in time so that no buffer overflow occurs in that case (see Figure 13-1 on page 47). There is a counter that indicates the number of received bytes in the TX/RX data buffer (see section “Transceiver Configuration” on page 47). If a byte is transferred to the microcontroller, the counter is decremented, if a byte is received, the counter is incremented. The counter value is available via the 4-wire serial interface. An interrupt is issued if the counter while counting forwards reaches the value defined by the control bits IR0 and IR1 in control register 1. Figure 14-8. Receiving Mode (TMODE = 0) Preburst Bit-check ok T Startbit Byte 1 2T Byte 2 Byte 3 Demod_Out '0' '0' '0' '0' '0' '0' '0' '0' '0' '1' '0' '1' '0' '0' '0' '0' '0' '1' '1' '1' '1' '0' '0' '1' '1' '0' '1' '0' '1' '1' '0' '0' Bit-check mode Receiving mode TX/RX Data Buffer Byte 16, Byte 32, ... Byte 15, Byte 31, ... Byte 14, Byte 30, ... Byte 13, Byte 29, ... Byte 12, Byte 28, ... Byte 11, Byte 27, ... Byte 10, Byte 26, ... Byte 9, Byte 25, ... Byte 8, Byte 24, ... Byte 7, Byte 23, ... Byte 6, Byte 22, ... Byte 5, Byte 21, ... Byte 4, Byte 20, ... 101100 Byte 3, Byte 19, ... 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 Byte 2, Byte 18, ... 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Byte 1, Byte17, ... MSB LSB Readable via 4-wire serial interface If the TX/RX data buffer control logic detects a bit error, an interrupt is issued and the transceiver is set back to the start-up mode (see Figure 14-1 on page 54 and Figure 14-9). Bit error: Note: a) tee < TLim_min or TLim_max < tee < TLim_min_2T or tee > TLim_max_2T b) Logical error (no edge detected in the bit center) The byte consisting of the bit error will not be stored in the TX/RX data buffer. Thus it is not available via the 4-wire serial interface. Writing the control register 1, 4, 5, 6 or 7 during receiving mode resets the TX/RX data buffer control logic and the counter which indicates the number of received bytes. If the bits OPM0 and OPM1 are still 1 and OPM2 is still 0 after writing to a control register, the transceiver changes to the start-up mode (start-up signal processing). Figure 14-9. Bit Error (TMODE = 0) Bit error Bit-check ok Demod_Out Byte n-1 Byte n Byte n+1 Preburst Byte 1 Receiving mode Start-up mode Bit-check mode Receiving mode 59 4829D–RKE–06/06 Table 14-2. Mode RX Demodulation Scheme T_MODE 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 RFIN fFSK_L → fFSK_H fFSK_H → fFSK_L fFSK_H fFSK_L fASK off → fASK on fASK on → fASK off fASK on fASK off Bit in TX/RX Data Buffer 1 0 1 0 Level on Pin SDO_TMDO X X 1 0 X X 1 0 ASK/_NFSK RX 14.1.8 Recommended Lim_min and Lim_max for Maximum Sensitivity The sensitivity measurement in the section “Low-IF Receiver” on page 10, in Table 7-3 and Table 7-4 on page 12 have been done with the Lim_min and Lim_max values according to Table 14-3. These values are optimized for maximum sensitivity. Note that since these Limits are optimized for sensitivity the number of checked bit NBit-check has to be at least 6 to prevent the circuit from waking up too often in polling mode due to noise. Table 14-3. fRF (fXTAL)/ MHz 315 (12.73193) 433.92 (13.25311) 868.3 (13.41191) Recommended Lim_min and Lim_max Values for Different Bit Rates 1.0 Kbit/s BR_Range_0 XLim = 1 2.4 Kbit/s BR_Range_0 XLim = 0 5 Kbit/s BR_Range_1 XLim = 0 10 Kbit/s BR_Range_2 XLim = 0 20 Kbit/s BR_Range_3 XLim = 0 Lim_min = 11 (14 µs) Lim_max = 32 (39 µs) Lim_min = 11 (13 µs) Lim_max = 32 (37 µs) Lim_min = 11 (13 µs) Lim_max = 32 (37 µs) Lim_min = 13 (251 µs) Lim_min = 12 (121 µs) Lim_min = 11 (55 µs) Lim_min = 11 (28 µs) Lim_max = 38 (715 µs) Lim_max = 34 (332 µs) Lim_max = 32 (156 µs) Lim_max = 32 (78 µs) Lim_min = 13 (251 µs) Lim_min = 11 (106 µs) Lim_min = 11 (53 µs) Lim_min = 11 (27 µs) Lim_max = 38 (715 µs) Lim_max = 32 (299 µs) Lim_max = 32 (150 µs) Lim_max = 32 (75 µs) Lim_min = 13 (248 µs) Lim_min = 12 (115 µs) Lim_min = 11 (52 µs) Lim_min = 11 (26 µs) Lim_max = 38 (706 µs) Lim_max = 34 (315 µs) Lim_max = 32 (148 µs) Lim_max = 32 (74 µs) 60 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 14.2 TX Operation The transceiver is set to TX operation by using the bits OPM0, OPM1 and OPM2 in the control register 1. Table 14-4. OPM2 0 Control Register 1 OPM1 0 OPM0 1 Function TX mode Before activating the TX mode, the TX parameters (bit rate, modulation scheme...) must be selected as illustrated in Figure 14-10 on page 62. The bit rate depends on Baud0 and Baud1 in control register 6 and TX0 to TX5 in control register 7 (see section “Control Register” on page 37). The modulation is selected with ASK_NFSK in control register 4. The FSK frequency deviation is fixed to about ±19 kHz (see Table 9-1 on page 30). If P_Mode is set to 1, the Manchester modulator is disabled and pattern mode is active (NRZ, see Table 14-5 on page 64). After the transceiver is set to TX mode the start-up mode is active and the PLL is enabled. If the PLL is locked, the TX mode is active. If the transceiver is in start-up or TX mode, the TX/RX data buffer can be loaded via the 4-wire serial interface. After N bytes are in the buffer and the TX mode is active, the transceiver starts transmitting automatically (beginning with the MSB). Bit 0 to Bit 4 in the command Write TX/RX Data Buffer defines the value N (0 ≤ N ≤ 16; see section “Command Structure” on page 49). While transmitting, it is permanently possible to load new data in the TX/RX data buffer. To prevent a buffer overflow or interruptions during transmitting the user must ensure that data is loaded at the same speed as it is transmitted. There is a counter that indicates the number of bytes to be transmitted (see section “Transceiver Configuration” on page 47). If a byte is loaded, the counter is incremented, if a byte is transmitted, the counter is decremented. The counter value is available via the 4-wire serial interface. An IRQ is issued if the counter reaches the value defined by the control bits IR0 and IR1 in control register 1. Note: Writing to the control register 1, 4, 5, 6 or 7 during TX mode, resets the TX/RX data buffer and the counter which indicates the number of bytes to be transmitted. If T_Mode in control register 1 is set to 1, the transceiver is in TX transparent mode. In this mode the TX/RX data buffer is disabled and the TX data stream must be applied on pin SDI_TMDI. Figure 14-10 on page 62 illustrates the flow chart of the TX transparent mode. 61 4829D–RKE–06/06 Figure 14-10. TX Operation (T_MODE = 0) Write Control Register 8 FE_MODE: PWSELECT: PWSET0 ... PWSET4: Set FE_MODE = 1 Set PWSELECT = 1 to reduce the output power with SETPWR. adjust SETPWR. Don't care if PWSELECT = 0. Write Control Register 7 POUT_SELECT, POUT_DATA:Application defined. TX0 ... TX5: Select the bit rate Write Control Register 6 Baud1, Baud0: Select bit-rate range Lim_max0 ... Lim_max5: Don't care Write Control Register 5 Bitchk1, Bitchk0: Don't care Lim_min0 ... Lim_min5: Don't care Write Control Register 4 ASK/_NFSK: Select modulation. Sleep0 ... Sleep4: Don't care XSleep: Don't care XLim: Don't care Write Control Register 3 FR7, FR8, FR9: Adjust fRF CLK_EN, CLK_ON: Application defined. Write Control Register 2 FR0 ...FR6: P_mode: Write Control Register 1 IR1, IR0: Idle Mode Adjust fRF Enable or disable the Manchester modulator Select an event which activates an interrupt Set PLL_MODE = 0 Select operating frequency Set OPM2 = 0, OPM1 = 0 and OPM0 = 1 Set T_mode = 0 Start-up Mode (TX) TStartup = 331.5 × TDCLK PLL_MODE: FS: OPM2, OPM1, OPM0: T_mode: Write TX/RX Data Buffer (max. 16 byte) N Pin IRQ=1 ? Y N TX more Data Bytes ? Y TX Mode Command: Delete_IRQ Write TX/RX Data Buffer (max. 16 - number of bytes still in the TX/RX Data Buffer) N Pin IRQ=1 ? Y Write Control Register 1 OPM2, OPM1, OPM0: Set IDLE Idle Mode 62 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 14-11. TX Transparent Mode (T_MODE = 1) Write Control Register 8 FE_MODE: PWSELECT: PWSET0 ... PWSET4: Set FE_MODE = 1 Set PWSELECT = 1 to reduce the output power with SETPWR. Adjust SETPWR. Don't care if PWSELECT = 0. Write Control Register 7 POUT_SELECT, POUT_DATA: Application defined. TX0 ... TX5: Don't care. Write Control Register 6 Baud1, Baud0: Don't care. Lim_max0 ... Lim_max5: Don't care. Write Control Register 5 Bitchk1, Bitchk0: Don't care. Lim_min0 ... Lim_min5: Don't care. Write Control Register 4 ASK/_NFSK: Select modulation. Sleep0 ... Sleep4: Don't care. XSleep: Don't care. XLim: Don't care. Write Control Register 3 FR7, FR8, FR9: Adjust fRF CLK_EN, CLK_ON: Application defined. Write Control Register 2 FR0 ...FR6: Adjust fRF P_mode: Don't care. Write Control Register 1 IR1, IR0: Don't care. PLL_MODE: Set PLL_MODE = 0 FS: Select operating frequency OPM2, OPM1, OPM0: Set OPM2 = 0, OPM1 = 0 and OPM0 = 1. T_mode: Set T_mode = 1 Idle Mode Start-up Mode (TX) TStartup = 331.5 × TDCLK Apply TX Data on Pin SDI_TMDI TX Mode Write Control Register 1 OPM2, OPM1, OPM0: Set IDLE Idle Mode 63 4829D–RKE–06/06 Table 14-5. Mode TX Modulation Schemes ASK/_NFSK P_Mode 0 0 0 1 1 X X 0 0 1 1 1 X X T_Mode 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Bit in TX/RX Data Buffer 1 0 1 0 X X 1 0 1 0 X X Level on Pin SDI_TMDI X X X X 1 0 X X X X 1 0 RFOUT fFSK_L → fFSK_H fFSK_H → fFSK_L fFSK_H fFSK_L fFSK_H fFSK_L fASK off → fASK on fASK on → fASK off fASK on fASK off fASK on fASK off TX 14.3 Full-duplex Operation The transceiver is set to full-duplex mode (FD mode) by using the bits OPM0, OPM1 and OPM2 in the control register 1. In FD mode 2 transceiver exchange the content of the TX buffer simultaneously. One transceiver must be configured as master and one as slave. Table 14-6. OPM2 1 1 Control Register 1 OPM1 0 1 OPM0 1 1 Function Full-duplex mode (Master) Full-duplex mode (Slave) Before activating FD mode in both transceivers, the bit rate must be selected in control register 6 (Baud1 = 0, Baud0 = 1). Additionally, in the slave the limits for the Bit-check and the number of bits to be checked during the Bit-check NBit-check must be adjusted in control register 5 and 6 (Lim_min0 ... Lim_min5, Lim_max0 ... Lim_max5, BitChk0, BitChk1). After activating the FD mode in control register 1, both transceivers are in the startup mode. During the startup mode, in master and slave, the TX data stream can be written in the TX buffer. In the master the TX data stream consists of preburst, startbit, synchronization pattern (3 bytes) and maximally 8 bytes of data. The preburst contains a sequence of “11111...”. The minimum applicable preburst length is 15 bits and can be extended in 8 bit steps up to 95 bits. The value of the start bit is fixed and must be a 0. The position of the start bit is the LSB in the last byte of the preburst. The synchronization pattern contains 3 bytes with a fixed value (Byte1: FF hex, Byte2: 00 hex, Byte3: 00 hex). The data block is user defined and contains maximally 8 bytes. If the preburst contains more than 39 bits the area for the data block will be equally reduced (Figure 14-12 on page 65.) In the slave the TX data stream consists of the synchronization pattern (3 bytes) and also maximally 8 bytes of data. The synchronization pattern contains 3 bytes with a fixed value (Byte1: 00 hex, Byte2: 7F hex, Byte3: FF hex). The data block is user defined and contains maximally 8 bytes (Figure 14-12 on page 65). The length of the data block must be equal in the master and slave. 64 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 If the time TStartup-PLL-fd (798.5 × TDCLK) is elapsed the PLL is enabled and locked. The master activates the power amplifier (PA) and starts transmitting the preburst, startbit, synchronization pattern and data block, when the PLL is locked and at least N bytes are in the TX Buffer. Bit 0 to bit 4 in the command Write TX/RX Data Buffer defines the value N (0 ≤ N ≤ 16; see section “Command Structure” on page 49). If the PLL is locked, the slave activates the PA and enables the analog signal processing. After TStartup-sig-proc-fd (546 × TDCLK) the analog signal processing is settled and the slave begins with the Bit-check. If the Bit-check was successful, the start bit was detected and at least N Bytes are in the TX Buffer, the slave starts transmitting the synchronization pattern and the data block. While transmitting the synchronization pattern, a synchronization procedure synchronizes both transceivers. Thus master and slave are synchronized while transmitting the data block. If the TX buffer is empty, an interrupt will be issued and the PA will be switched off after the time TDelay (168 × TDCLK). TDelay is implemented because of different internal delays in the RX signal path in master and slave. While transmitting the data block, the receiving data is EX-OR-ed with the transmitting data and the result is written in the RX Buffer. Thus, after the FD operation the TX data of the slave is in the RX buffer of the master and the TX data of the master is in the RX Buffer of the slave. After recognizing the interrupt, the microcontroller can read out the received data from the TX/RX data buffer. During writing the command “Read TX/RX Data Buffer” the number of received bytes in the buffer is issued on pin SDO_TMDO. After reading the TX/RX Data Buffer the transceiver should be set to the IDLE mode. Figure 14-12. TX Buffer FD Mode TX Buffer Master MSB Preburst (FF hex) Preburst (FF hex) Preburst (FF hex) Preburst (FF hex) Preburst and Start bit (FE hex) Synchronization Byte 1 (FF hex) Synchronization Byte 2 (00 hex) Synchronization Byte 3 (00 hex) Data Byte 1 Data Byte 2 Data Byte 3 Data Byte 4 Data Byte 5 Data Byte 6 Data Byte 7 Data Byte 8 LSB TX Buffer Slave MSB LSB 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 x x x x x x x x 0 0 1 x x x x x x x x 0 1 1 x x x x x x x x 0 1 1 x x x x x x x x 0 1 1 x x x x x x x x 0 1 1 x x x x x x x x 0 1 1 x x x x x x x x 0 1 1 x x x x x x x x 0 1 1 x x x x x x x x Synchronization Byte 1 (00 hex) Synchronization Byte 2 (7F hex) Synchronization Byte 3 (FF hex) Data Byte 1 Data Byte 2 Data Byte 3 Data Byte 4 Data Byte 5 Data Byte 6 Data Byte 7 Data Byte 8 39 Bits Preburst 1 Start bit 3 Bytes Synchronization Pattern 8 Bytes Data 3 Bytes Synchronization Pattern 8 Bytes Data 65 4829D–RKE–06/06 The timing of the FD mode is illustrated in Figure 14-13 on page 67. A proper data transfer takes place if the FD mode is enabled in the slave before it is enabled in the master. If the FD mode is enabled in the master before it is enabled in the slave, a maximum delay TFD_sync is allowed for a proper operation. TFD_sync depends on the preburst length and the number of bits to be checked during the Bit-check. This is calculated as follows: TFD_sync < TPreburst - TStartup-sig-proc-fd - TBit-check-min Table 14-7. TBit-check-min NBit-check 3 6 (recommended) 9 TBit-check-min 4 × 168 × TDCLK 7 × 168 × TDCLK 10 × 168 × TDCLK This means, to get a extended time period for enabling the FD mode, increase the preburst length in the master and reduce NBit-check in the slave. The reference points for TFD_sync are the sampling edge (pin SCK) for the LSB while writing control register 1. For a proper operation in the slave, a wake-up due to noise must be prevent (bit check + start bit ok). To achieve this for the slave the following adjustments are recommended: 1. Set NBIT-check ≥ 6 2. Start FD mode in master and slave as simultaneously as possible. 66 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 14-13. Timing Full-duplex Mode Master Enable FD Mode Startup (TStartup_PLL_fd = 798.5 × TDCLK) Slave TFD_sync Enable FD Mode PA enabled and at least N Byte in TX Buffer PA enabled Startup (TStartup_PLL_fd = 798.5 × TDCLK) Startup Analog Signal Processing (TStartup_sig_proc_fd = 546 × TDCLK) Bit-check (TBit-check) n Bits Preburst (TPreburst = n × 168 × TDCLK) TBitcheck_min Startbit (TStartbit = 168 × TDCLK) Start bit At least N Byte in TX Buffer Synchronization (TSync = 24 × 168 × TDCLK) Synchronization Master and Slave synchron n Bits Data (TData = n × 168 × TDCLK) Data Delay (TDelay = 168 × TDCLK) Pin IRQ = 1; PA disabled Read Data from RX Buffer Pin IRQ = 1; PA disabled Delay Read Data from RX Buffer Set transceiver to IDLE Mode Set transceiver to IDLE Mode t 67 4829D–RKE–06/06 Figure 14-14. Flow FD mode (Master) Write Control Register 8 FE_MODE: PWSELECT: PWSET0 ... PWSET4: Set FE_MODE = 1 Don't care Adjust SETPWR to reduce the output power Write Control Register 7 POUT_SELECT, POUT_DATA: Application defined. TX0 ... TX5: Don't care Write Control Register 6 Baud1, Baud0: Set BAUD1 = 0, BAUD0 = 1 Lim_max0 ... Lim_max5: Don't care Write Control Register 5 Bitchk1, Bitchk0: Don't care Lim_min0 ... Lim_min5: Don't care Write Control Register 4 ASK/_NFSK: Dont' care Sleep0 ... Sleep4: Don't care XSleep: Don't care XLim: Don't care Write Control Register 3 FR7, FR8, FR9: Adjust fRF CLK_EN, CLK_ON: Application defined Write Control Register 2 FR0 ...FR6: Adjust fRF P_MODE: Don't care Write Control Register 1 IR1, IR0: Don't care PLL_MODE: Application defined FS: Select operating frequency OPM2, OPM1, OPM0: Set OPM2 = 1, OPM1 = 0, OPM0 = 1 T_MODE: T_MODE = 0 Write TX/RX Buffer (preburst, startbit, synchronization pattern, data block) (max. 16 byte) Idle Mode Start-up FD Mode (Master) TStartup_PLL_fd = 798.5 × TDCLK N Pin IRQ=1 ? Y FD Mode (Master) Read TX/RX Buffer Write Control Register 1 OPM2, OPM1, OPM0: Set IDLE Idle Mode 68 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 Figure 14-15. Flow FD Mode (Slave) Write Control Register 8 FE_MODE: PWSELECT: PWSET0 ... PWSET4: Set FE_MODE = 1 Don't care Adjust SETPWR to reduce the output power Write Control Register 7 POUT_SELECT, POUT_DATA: Application defined TX0 ... TX5: Don't care Write Control Register 6 Baud1, Baud0: BAUD1 = 0, BAUD0 = 1 Lim_max0 ... Lim_max5: Lim_max5 = 1, Lim_max4 = 0, Lim_max3 = 0, Lim_max2 = 0, Lim_max1 = 0, Lim_max0 = 0 Write Control Register 5 Bitchk1, Bitchk0: Bitchk1 = 1, Bitchk0 = 0 Lim_min0 ... Lim_min5: Lim_min5 = 0, Lim_min4 = 0, Lim_min3 = 1, Lim_min2 = 0, Lim_min1 = 1, Lim_min0 = 1 Write Control Register 4 ASK/_NFSK: Dont' care Sleep0 ... Sleep4: Don't care XSleep: Don't care XLim: Don't care Write Control Register 3 FR7, FR8, FR9: adjust fRF CLK_EN, CLK_ON: application defined Write Control Register 2 FR0 ...FR6: Adjust fRF P_MODE: Don't care Write Control Register 1 IR1, IR0: Don't care PLL_MODE: Application defined FS: Select operating frequency OPM2, OPM1, OPM0: Set OPM2 = 1, OPM1 = 1, OPM0 = 1 T_MODE: T_MODE = 0 Idle Mode Start-up FD Mode (Slave) TStartup_PLL_fd = 798.5 × TDCLK Write TX/RX Buffer (Synchronization pattern, data block) (max. 9 byte) TStartup-sig-proc-fd = 546 × TDCLK N Pin IRQ=1 ? Y FD Mode (Slave) Read TX/RX Buffer Write Control Register 1 OPM2, OPM1, OPM0: Set IDLE Idle Mode 69 4829D–RKE–06/06 14.4 Interrupts Via pin IRQ, the transceiver signals different operating conditions to a connected microcontroller. If a specific operating condition occurs, pin IRQ is set to a high level. If an interrupt occurs, it is recommended to delete the interrupt immediately by reading the status register, thus the next possible interrupt doesn’t get lost. If the Interrupt pin doesn’t switch to a low level by reading the status register, the interrupt was triggered by the RX/TX data buffer. In this case, read or write the RX/TX data buffer according to Table 14-8. Table 14-8. Interrupt Handling Operations Which Sets Pin IRQ to Low Level Operating Conditions Which Sets Pin IRQ to High Level Events in Status Register State transition of status bit N_Power_On (0 → 1; 1 → 0) Appearance of status bit Power_On (0 → 1) Events During TX Operation (T_MODE = 0) Read status register or Command delete IRQ 1, 2, 4 or 12 bytes are in the TX data buffer or the TX data buffer is empty (depends on IR0 and IR1 in control register 1) Write TX data buffer or Write control register 1 or Write control register 4 or Write control register 5 or Write control register 6 or Write control register 7 or Command delete IRQ Read RX data buffer(1) or Write control register 1 or Write control register 4 or Write control register 5 or Write control register 6 or Write control register 7 or Command delete IRQ Read RX data buffer(1) or Write control register 1 or Write control register 4 or Write control register 5 or Write control register 6 or Write control register 7 or Command delete IRQ Events During RX Operation (T_MODE = 0) 1, 2, 4 or 12 received bytes are in the RX data buffer or a receiving error is occurred (depends on IR0 and IR1 in control register 1) Successful Bit-check (P_MODE = 0) Events During FD Operation TX data buffer empty Note: 1. During reading of the RX/TX buffer, no IRQ is issued, due to the received bytes or a receiving error. 70 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 15. Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Parameters Junction temperature Storage temperature Ambient temperature Supply voltage VS2 Supply voltage VS1 Supply voltage VSINT ESD (Human Body Model ESD S.5.1) every pin ESD (Machine Model JEDEC A115A) every pin ESD (Field Induced Charge Device Model ESD STM 5.3.1-1999) every pin Maximum input level, input matched to 50Ω Symbol Tj Tstg Tamb VMaxVS2 VMaxVS1 VMaxVSINT HBM MM –55 –40 –0.3 –0.3 –0.3 –2.5 –200 Min. Max. 150 +125 +105 +7.2 +4 +5.5 +2.5 +200 Unit °C °C °C V V V kV V FCDM Pin_max –500 500 10 V dBm 16. Thermal Resistance Parameters Junction ambient Symbol RthJA Value 25 Unit K/W 71 4829D–RKE–06/06 17. Electrical Characteristics: General All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters 1 RX_TX_IDLE Mode ATA5824 V433_N868 = GND 1.1 RF operating frequency ATA5824 V433_N868 = AVCC range ATA5823 V433_N868 = AVCC 1.2 Supply current OFF mode VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V (battery) VVS2 = VVSINT = 5V (car) XTO running VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V (battery) CLK disabled XTO running VVS2 = VVSINT = 5V (car) CLK disabled From OFF mode to IDLE mode including reset and XTO start-up (see Figure 12-4 on page 46) XTAL: Cm = 5 fF, C0 = 1.8 pF, Rm =15Ω From IDLE mode to receiving mode NBit-check = 3 Bit rate = 20 Kbit/s, BR_Range_3 (see Figure 14-1 on page 54 and Figure 14-2 on page 55) From IDLE mode to TX mode (see Figure 14-10 on page 62) 4, 10 4, 10 4, 10 17, 18, 27 17, 27 17, 18, 27 fRF fRF fRF IS_OFF IS_OFF IS_IDLE 867 433 314 < 10 < 10 870 435 316 MHz MHz MHz nA nA A A A A A Test Conditions Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 260 µA B 1.3 Supply current IDLE mode 17, 27 IS_IDLE 350 µA B 1.4 System start-up time TPWR_ON_IRQ_1 0.3 ms C 1.5 RX start-up time TStartup_PLL + TStartup_Sig_Proc + TBit-check 1.39 ms A 1.6 TX start-up time TStartup 0.4 ms A *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 72 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters 2 Receiver/RX Mode Supply current RX mode fRF = 433.92 MHz and fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz 17, 18, 27 17, 18, 27 IS_RX IS_RX 10.5 10.3 mA mA A A Test Conditions Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 2.1 2.2 Supply current RX polling mode TSleep = 49.45 ms 17, 18, XSLEEP = 8, Sleep = 5 Bit rate = 20 Kbit/s FSK, CLK 27 disabled FSK deviation fDEV = ±19.5 kHz limits according to Table 14-3 on page 60, BER = 10-3 Tamb = 25°C Bit rate 20 Kbit/s Bit rate 2.4 Kbit/s ASK 100% level of carrier, limits according to Table 14-3 on page 60, BER = 10-3 Tamb = 25°C Bit rate 10 Kbit/s Bit rate 2.4 Kbit/s fRF = 433.92 MHz to fRF = 315 MHz (4) (4) (4) (4) IS_Poll 484 µA C 2.3 Input sensitivity FSK fRF = 433.92 MHz SREF_FSK SREF_FSK –103.5 –107.0 –105.5 –109.0 –107.0 –110.5 dBm dBm B B 2.4 Input sensitivity ASK fRF = 433.92 MHz PREF_ASK PREF_ASK –109.5 –113.5 –111.5 –115.5 –113.0 –117.0 dBm dBm B B 2.5 Sensitivity change at fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz compared to fRF = 433.92 MHz –1.0 fRF = 433.92 MHz to fRF = 868.3 MHz S = SREF_ASK + ∆SREF1 S = SREF_FSK + ∆SREF1 FSK fDEV = ±19.5 kHz ∆fOFFSET ≤ ±75 kHz (4) ∆SREF1 +2.7 dB B 2.6 Sensitivity change versus temperature, supply voltage and frequency offset ASK 100% ∆fOFFSET ≤ ±75 kHz S = SREF_ASK + ∆SREF1 + ∆SREF2 S = SREF_FSK + ∆SREF1 + ∆SREF2 (4) ∆SREF2 +4.5 –1.5 B *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 73 4829D–RKE–06/06 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions Dynamic range Lower level of range fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz 2.7 RSSI output Upper level of range fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz Gain Output voltage range 2.8 Output resistance RSSI RX mode pin TX mode Maximum frequency difference of fRF between receiver and transmitter in FSK mode (fRF is the center frequency of the FSK signal with fDEV = ±19.5 kHz) PRF_IN ≤ +10 dBm PRF_IN ≤ PRFIN_High (see Figure 7-2 on page 12) With up to 2 dB loss of sensitivity. Note that the tolerable frequency offset is for fDEV = ±28 kHz, 8.5 kHz lower than for fDEV = ±19.5 kHz hence ∆fOFFSET2 = ±66.5 kHz fRF = 315 MHz 2.11 System noise figure fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz fRF = 315 MHz 2.12 Intermediate frequency fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz Note: Pin(1) (4), 36 Symbol DRSSI PRFIN_Low Min. Typ. 70 –116 –115 –112 –46 –45 –42 5.5 OVRSSI RRSSI 350 8 32 10 40 8.0 10.5 1100 12.5 50 Max. Unit dB dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm mV/dB mV kΩ Type* A (4), 36 A (4), 36 PRFIN_High A (4), 36 (4), 36 36 A A C 2.9 Maximum frequency offset in FSK mode (4) ∆fOFFSET1 ∆fOFFSET2 –69 –75 +69 +75 kHz B 2.10 Supported FSK frequency deviation (4) fDEV ±14 ±19.5 ±28 kHz B (4) (4) (4) NF NF NF fIF fIF fIF 5.5 6.5 9.7 227 223 226 dB dB dB kHz kHz kHz B B B A A A *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 74 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions This value is for information only! Note that for crystal and system frequency offset calculations, ∆fOFFSET must be used. Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 2.13 System bandwidth (4) SBW 220 kHz A ∆fmeas1 = 1.800 MHz System out-band 2.14 2nd-order input intercept ∆fmeas2 = 2.026 MHz point with respect to fIF fIF = ∆fmeas2 – ∆fmeas1 ∆fmeas1 = 1.8 MHz ∆fmeas2 = 3.6 MHz System outband 2.15 3rd-order input intercept fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz point fRF = 868.3 MHz ∆fmeas1 = 10 MHz fRF = 315 MHz this values are for information only, for blocking System outband input behavior see Figure 7-3 on 2.16 1 dB compression point page 15 to Figure 7-7 on page 17 fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz fRF = 315 MHz 2.17 LNA input impedance Allowable peak RF 2.18 input level, ASK and FSK fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz BER < 10 , ASK: 100% FSK: fDEV = ±19.5 kHz f < 1 GHz f >1 GHz 2.19 LO spurious at LNA_IN fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz Within the complete image band fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz Note: -3 (4) IIP2 +50 dBm C (4) (4) (4) IIP3 IIP3 IIP3 –22 –21 –17 dBm dBm dBm C C C (4) I1dBCP –31 dBm C (4) (4) 4 4 4 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) I1dBCP I1dBCP Zin_LNA Zin_LNA Zin_LNA PIN_max PIN_max –30 –27 (44 – j233) (32 – j169) (21 – j78) +10 +10 –10 –10 –57 –47 –100 –98 –85 dBm dBm Ω Ω Ω dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm C C C C C C C C C C C C 2.20 Image rejection (4) (4) (4) 25 25 20 30 30 25 dB dB dB A A A *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 75 4829D–RKE–06/06 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions Peak level of useful signal to peak level of interferer for BER < 10-3 with any modulation scheme of interferer. FSK BR_Ranges 0, 1, 2 FSK BR_Range_3 ASK (PRF < PRFIN_High) Maximum frequency difference of fRF between Receiver and transmitter in ASK mode PRF_IN ≤+10 dBm PRF_IN ≤PRF_IN_High According to ETSI regulations, the sensitivity (BER = 10-3) is reduced by 3 dB if a continuous wave blocking signal at ±∆f is ∆PBlock higher than the useful signal level (Bit rate = 20 Kbit/s, FSK, fDEV ±19.5 kHz, Manchester code) fRF = 315 MHz ∆f ±0.75 MHz ∆f ±1.0 MHz ∆f ±1.5 MHz ∆f ±5.0 MHz ∆f ±10.0 MHz Blocking behavior see Figure 7-3 to Figure 7-5 on page 15 fRF = 433.92 MHz ∆f ±0.75 MHz ∆f ±1.0 MHz ∆f ±1.5 MHz ∆f ±5.0 MHz ∆f ±10.0 MHz Blocking behavior see Figure 7-3 to Figure 7-5 on page 15 Note: 55 57 60 66 73 (4) (4) (4) SNRFSK0-2 SNRFSK3 SNRASK 2 4 10 3 6 12 dB dB dB B B B Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 2.21 Useful signal to interferer ratio 2.22 Maximum frequency offset in ASK mode kHz ∆fOFFSET1 ∆fOFFSET2 –79 –85 +79 +85 B 2.23 Blocking (4) ∆PBLOCK dBC C (4) ∆PBLOCK 54 56 59 65 67 dBC C *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 76 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions fRF = 868.3 MHz ∆f ±0.75 MHz ∆f ±1.0 MHz ∆f ±1.5 MHz ∆f ±5.0 MHz ∆f ±10.0 MHz Blocking behavior see Figure 7-3 to Figure 7-5 on page 15 2.24 CDEM 3 capacitor connected to pin 37 (CDEM) Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. 49 52 56 64 67 Max. Unit Type* (4) ∆PBLOCK dBC C 37 –5% 15 +5% nF D Power Amplifier/TX Mode Supply current TX mode power amplifier OFF fRF = 868.3 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz and fRF = 315 MHz VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = 25°C VPWR_H = GND fRF = 315 MHz RR_PWR = 56 kΩ RLopt = 2.5 kΩ 17,18, 27 17,18, 27 IS_TX_PAOFF IS_TX_PAOFF 6.50 6.95 mA mA A A 3.1 3.2 Output power 1 fRF = 433.92 MHz RR_PWR = 56 kΩ RLopt = 2.3 kΩ fRF = 868.3 MHz RR_PWR = 30 kΩ RLopt = 1.3 kΩ RF_OUT matched to RLopt// j/(2 × π × fRF × 1.0 pF) (10) PREF1 –2.5 0 +2.5 dBm B 3.3 Supply current TX mode power amplifier ON 1 0 dBm PA on/0 dBm fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz 17, 18, 27 17, 18, 27 17, 18, 27 IS_TX_PAON1 IS_TX_PAON1 IS_TX_PAON1 8.5 8.6 9.6 mA mA mA B B B *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 77 4829D–RKE–06/06 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions VVS1 = VVS2 = 3 V Tamb = 25°C VPWR_H = GND fRF = 315 MHz RR_PWR = 30 kΩ RLopt = 1.0 kΩ 3.4 Output power 2 fRF = 433.92 MHz RR_PWR = 27 kΩ RLopt = 1.1 kΩ fRF = 868.3 MHz RR_PWR = 16 kΩ RLopt = 0.5 kΩ RF_OUT matched to RLopt// j/(2 × π × fRF × 1.0 pF) Supply current TX mode power amplifier ON 2 5 dBm PA on/5 dBm fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz VVS1 = VVS2 = 3 V Tamb = 25°C VPWR_H = AVCC fRF = 315 MHz RR_PWR = 30 kΩ RLopt = 0.38 kΩ 3.6 Output power 3 fRF = 433.92 MHz RR_PWR = 27 kΩ RLopt = 0.36 kΩ fRF = 868.3 MHz RR_PWR = 20 kΩ RLopt = 0.22 kΩ RF_OUT matched to RLopt// j/(2 × π × fRF × 1.0 pF) *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). (10) PREF3 8.5 10 11.5 dBm B 17, 18, 27 17, 18, 27 17, 18, 27 IS_TX_PAON2 IS_TX_PAON2 IS_TX_PAON2 10.3 10.5 11.2 mA mA mA B B B (10) PREF2 3.5 5.0 6.5 dBm B Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 3.5 78 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Supply current TX mode power amplifier ON 3 10 dBm Test Conditions PA on/10dBm fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz Tamb = –40°C to +105°C Pout = PREFX + ∆PREF x = 1, 2 or 3 Output power variation = VVS2 = 3.0V V for full temperature and VS1 VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.7V supply voltage range VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.4V VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V 3.9 fRF = 315 MHz Impedance RF_OUT in fRF = 433.92 MHz RX mode fRF = 868.3 MHz Noise floor power amplifier At ±10 MHz/at 5 dBm fRF = 868.3 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 315 MHz 3.11 ASK modulation rate 4 This corresponds to 10 Kbit/s Manchester coding and 20 Kbit/s NRZ coding Pout = –10 dBm RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET=13 Load optimized for +5 dBm! Pout = –5 dBm RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET=20 Load optimized for +5 dBm! Pout = 0 dBm RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET=27 Load optimized for +5 dBm! Pin(1) 17, 18, 27 17, 18, 27 17, 18, 27 Symbol IS_TX_PAON3 IS_TX_PAON3 IS_TX_PAON3 Min. Typ. 15.7 15.8 17.3 Max. Unit mA mA mA Type* B B B 3.7 (10) ∆PREF ∆PREF ∆PREF ∆PREF ZRF_OUT_RX ZRF_OUT_RX ZRF_OUT_RX LTX10M LTX10M LTX10M fData_ASK 1 –0.8 –1.5 dB B 3.8 (10) (10) (10) 10 10 10 (10) (10) (10) –2.5 –3.5 –4.5 (36 – j502) (19 – j366) (2.8 – j141) –125 –126 –128 10 dB dB dB Ω Ω Ω dBC/Hz dBC/Hz dBC/Hz kHz B C B C C C C C C C 3.10 Full-duplex Mode fRF = 315 MHz and fRF = 433.92 MHz Supply current FD mode 1 17,18, 27 4.1 IS_FD1 11.9 mA B 4.2 Supply current FD mode 2 17,18, 27 IS_FD2 12.5 mA B 4.3 Supply current FD mode 3 17,18, 27 IS_FD3 13.7 mA B *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 79 4829D–RKE–06/06 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions Pout = 5 dBm RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET=31 Load optimized for +5 dBm! VVS1 = VVS2 = 3 V Tamb = 25°C, PER = 5% P(RFOUT@RFIN): –30 dBm –35 dBm –40 dBm –45 dBm –50 dBm Bit rate 5 Kbit/s VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V Coupling Phase 0° to 360° Tamb = –40°C to +105°C Frequency offset max. ±50 kHz S = SREFRX_FD + ∆SREFRX_FD VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = 25°C RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 13 Load optimized for +5 dBm! VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = –40°C to 105°C RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 13 P = PREFTX_FD1 + ∆PREFTX_FD1 Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 4.4 Supply current FD mode 4 17,18, 27 IS_FD4 15.2 mA B 4.5 Input sensitivity FD mode (4) SREFRX_FD –88.5 –93.5 –97.5 –100.5 –101.5 –91 –96 –100 –103 –104 –92.5 –97.5 –101.5 –104.5 –105.5 dBm B 4.6 Sensitivity change FD mode (4) ∆SREFRX_FD –3 0 5 dB B 4.7 Output Power FD1 (10) PREFTX_FD1 –12.5 –10 –7.5 dBm B 4.8 Output Power FD1 variation for full temperature range (10) ∆PREFTX_FD1 –3 –1.5 2 dB B 4.9 VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V Output Power FD1 Tamb = –40°C to 105°C variation for full = 22 kΩ R temperature and supply R_PWR PWSET = 13 voltage range P = PREFTX_FD1 + ∆PREFTX_FD1 VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = 25°C RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 20 Load optimized for +5 dBm! (10) ∆PREFTX_FD1 –5.5 2.5 dB B 4.10 Output Power FD2 (10) PREFTX_FD2 –7.5 –5 –2.5 dBm B *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 80 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Output Power FD2 4.11 variation for full temperature range Test Conditions VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = –40°C to 105°C RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 20 P = PREFTX_FD2 + ∆PREFTX_FD2 Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* (10) ∆PREFTX_FD2 –2.5 –1.2 1 dB B VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V Output Power FD2 Tamb = –40°C to 105°C variation for full 4.12 RR_PWR = 22 kΩ temperature and supply PWSET = 20 voltage range P = PREFTX_FD2 + ∆PREFTX_FD2 VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = 25°C RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 27 Load optimized for +5 dBm! VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = –40°C to 105°C RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 27 P = PREFTX_FD3 + ∆PREFTX_FD3 (10) ∆PREFTX_FD2 –4.5 1.5 dB B 4.13 Output Power FD3 (10) PREFTX_FD3 –2.5 0 2.5 dBm B Output Power FD3 4.14 variation for full temperature range (10) ∆PREFTX_FD3 –1.5 –0.8 0.5 dB B VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V Output Power FD3 Tamb = –40°C to 105°C variation for full 4.15 RR_PWR = 22 kΩ temperature and supply PWSET = 27 voltage range P = PREFTX_FD3 + ∆PREFTX_FD3 VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = 25°C RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 31 Load optimized for +5 dBm! VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V Tamb = –40°C to 105°C RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 31 P = PREFTX_FD4 + ∆PREFTX_FD4 (10) ∆PREFTX_FD3 –4.5 1 dB B 4.16 Output Power FD4 (10) PREFTX_FD4 3.5 5 6.5 dBm B Output Power FD4 4.17 variation for full temperature range (10) ∆PREFTX_FD4 –1.5 –0.8 0.5 dB B VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V Output Power FD4 Tamb = –40°C to 105°C variation for full 4.18 RR_PWR = 22 kΩ temperature and supply PWSET = 31 voltage range P = PREFTX_FD4 + ∆PREFTX_FD4 Note: (10) ∆PREFTX_FD4 –4.5 1 dB B *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 81 4829D–RKE–06/06 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters 5 XTO Pulling at nominal temperature and supply voltage fXTAL = resonant frequency of the XTAL C0 ≥ 1.0 pF Rm ≤ 120Ω Cm ≤ 7.0 fF Cm ≤ 14 fF 5.2 At start-up, after start-up the Transconductance XTO amplitude is regulated to at start VPPXTAL XTO start-up time C0 ≤ 2.2 pF Cm < 14 fF Rm ≤ 120Ω Required for stable operation with internal load capacitors CL1 and CL2 24, 25 Test Conditions Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 5.1 Pulling XTO due to XTO, CL1 and CL2 tolerances 24, 25 ∆fXTO1 gm, XTO –50 –100 fXTAL 19 +50 +100 ppm A ms B 5.3 24, 25 TPWR_ON_IRQ_1 24, 25 24, 25 C0max CL1, CL2 14.8 300 800 µs A 5.4 5.5 Maximum C0 of XTAL Internal capacitors 3.8 18 pF 21.2 pF pF D B 5.6 1.0 pF ≤ C0 ≤ 2.2 pF Pulling of radio Cm = ≤ 14 fF frequency fRF due to Rm ≤ 120Ω XTO, CL1 and CL2 PLL adjusted with FREQ at versus temperature and nominal temperature and supply changes supply voltage Cm = 5 fF, C0 = 1.8 pF Rm =15 Ω 4, 10 ∆fXTO2 –2 +2 ppm C 5.7 Amplitude XTAL after start-up V(XTAL1, XTAL2) peak-to-peak value V(XTAL1) peak-to-peak value 24, 25 24 VPPXTAL VPPXTAL 700 350 mVpp mVpp C C 5.8 Real part of XTO impedance at start-up Maximum series resistance Rm of XTAL after start-up Nominal XTAL load resonant frequency C0 ≤ 2.2 pF, small signal start impedance, this value is important for crystal oscillator startup C0 ≤2.2 pF Cm ≤14 fF fRF = 868.3 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 315 MHz 24, 25 ReXTO –2000 –1500 Ω B 5.9 24, 25 Rm_max 15 120 Ω B 5.10 24, 25 fXTAL 13.41191 13.25311 12.73193 MHz MHz MHz D *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 82 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions Pin(1) 30 fRF = 868.3 MHz CLK division ratio = 3 CLK has nominal 50% duty cycle 5.11 External CLK frequency fRF = 433.92 MHz CLK division ratio = 3 CLK has nominal 50% duty cycle fRF = 315 MHz CLK division ratio = 3 CLK has nominal 50% duty cycle DC voltage after 5.12 start-up 6 VDC(XTAL1, XTAL2) XTO running (IDLE mode, RX mode and TX mode) SETPWR = 800Ω + (31 – PWSET) × 3 kΩ 6.1 SETPWR in TX- and FD mode PWSET = 16 (see Table 12-25 on page 43) 19 SETPWR 45.8 kΩ B Symbol fCLK Min. Typ. f XTO f CLK = ---------3 Max. Unit MHz Type* D 30 fCLK 4.471 MHz D 30 fCLK 4.418 MHz D 30 fCLK 4.244 MHz D 24, 25 VDCXTO –150 –30 me C Programmable Internal Resistor SETPWR 6.2 7 Tolerance of SETPWR versus temperature and supply voltage range Synthesizer At ±fCLK, CLK enabled fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz At ±fXTO fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz 19 SETPWRTOL –20% ±500Ω +20% ±500Ω B SPTX 7.1 Spurious TX mode < –75 < –75 –74 –73 –70 –65 dBC A A B SPTX dBC A *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 83 4829D–RKE–06/06 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions At ±fCLK, CLK enabled fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz At ±fXTO fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz Measured at 20 kHz distance to carrier fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz Noise floor Frequency where the absolute value loop gain is equal to 1 fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz This corresponds to 20 Kbit/s Manchester coding and 40 Kbit/s NRZ coding RX mode, pin 38 with short connection to GND, fRF = 0 Hz (DC) 8.1 Impedance RX mode fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz Note: 4, 10 Pin(1) Symbol Min. Typ. < –75 < –75 < –75 –74 –72 –68 Max. Unit Type* A A B SPRX dBC 7.2 Spurious RX mode SPRX dBC A 7.3 In loop phase noise TX mode LTX20k –83 –78 –73 –121 –120 –113 –113 –111 –108 < –132 dBC/Hz A 7.4 Phase noise at 1M RX mode Phase noise at 1M TX mode Phase noise at 10M RX mode Loop bandwidth PLL TX mode Frequency deviation TX mode LRX1M dBC/Hz A 7.5 LTX1M LRX10M fLoop_PLL dBC/Hz A 7.6 dBC/Hz B 7.7 70 ±18.65 ±19.41 ±19.64 777.1 808.9 818.6 1 20 kHz B 7.8 fDEV_TX kHz D 7.9 Frequency resolution ∆fStep_PLL Hz D 7.10 FSK modulation rate 8 RX/TX Switch fData_FSK kHz B 39 39 39 39 ZSwitch_RX ZSwitch_RX ZSwitch_RX ZSwitch_RX 23000 (11.3 – j214) (10.3 – j153) (8.9 – j73) Ω Ω Ω Ω A C C C *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 84 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 17. Electrical Characteristics: General (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application). Typical values are given at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C, fRF = 433.92 MHz (battery application) unless otherwise specified. Details about current consumption, timing and digital pin properties can be found in the specific sections of the “Electrical Characteristics”. No. Parameters Test Conditions TX mode, pin 38 with short connection to GND, fRF = 0Hz (DC) 8.2 Impedance TX mode fRF = 315 MHz fRF = 433.92 MHz fRF = 868.3 MHz 9 Microcontroller Interface Voltage range for microcontroller interface fCLK < 4.5 MHz CL = 10 pF CLK output rise and fall CL = Load capacitance on pin CLK time 2.15V ≤ VVSINT ≤ 5.25V 20% to 80% VVSINT CLK enabled ( C CLK + C L ) × V VSINT × f XTO I VSINT = --------------------------------------------------------------------------3 27 IVSINT < 10 µA 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 trise 30 tfall Pin(1) 39 39 39 39 Symbol ZSwitch_TX ZSwitch_TX ZSwitch_TX ZSwitch_TX Min. Typ. 5 (4.8 + j3.2) (4.5 + j4.3) (5 + j9) Max. Unit Ω Ω Ω Ω Type* A C C C 9.1 2.15 5.25 V A 20 20 30 30 ns ns B B 9.2 9.3 Current consumption of the microcontroller CL = Load capacitance on interface pin CLK (All interface pins, except pin CLK, are in stable conditions and unloaded) Internal equivalent capacitance Used for current calculation CLK disabled B 9.4 30, 27 CCLK 8 pF B *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter Note: 1. Pin numbers in brackets mean they were measured with RF_IN matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-1 on page 11 with component values according to Table 7-2 on page 12 (RFIN) and RF_OUT matched to 50Ω according to Figure 7-12 on page 22 with component values according to Table 7-7 on page 22 (RFOUT). 85 4829D–RKE–06/06 18. Electrical Characteristic: Battery Application All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V typical values at VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V and Tamb = 25°C. Application according to Figure 3-1 on page 6 or Figure 5-1 on page 8. fRF = 315.0 MHz/ 433.92 MHz/868.3 MHz unless otherwise specified. Microcontroller interface current IVSINT has to be added. No. Parameters Test Conditions Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 10 Battery Application IIDLE_VS1,2 or IRX_VS1,2 or IStartup_PLL_VS1,2 or ITX_VS1,2 or IFD1,2_VS1,2 VS1 VS2 10.1 Supported voltage range (every mode except high power TX mode) Supported voltage range (high power TX mode) Supply voltage for microcontroller interface Supply current OFF mode battery application PWR_H = GND 17, 18 VVS1, VVS2 2.15 3.6 V A 10.2 battery application PWR_H = AVCC 17, 18 VVS1, VVS2 2.7 3.6 V A 10.3 27 VVS1,2 = VVSINT ≤ 3.6VIS + IOFF_VSINT _OFF = IOFF_VS1,2 VVSINT 2.15 5.25 V A 10.4 17,18, 27 IS_OFF 2 350 nA A VVS1 = VVS2 ≤ 3V 10.5 Current in IDLE mode on pin VS1 and VS2 CLK enabled CLK disabled 10.6 10.7 10.8 Supply current IDLE mode Current in RX mode on pin VS1and VS2 Supply current RX mode Current during TStartup_PLL on pin VS1 and VS2 Current in RX polling mode on pin VS1 and VS2 Supply current RX polling mode CLK enabled VVS1 = VVS2 ≤ 3V CLK enabled VVS1 = VVS2 ≤ 3V 17, 18, 27 17, 18 17, 18, 27 17, 18 IS_IDLE IRX_VS1, 2 IS_RX IStartup_PLL_VS1, 2 17, 18 IIDLE_VS1, 2 330 270 570 490 µA µA A B IS_IDLE = IIDLE_VS1,2 + IVSINT 10.5 14 mA A IS_RX = IRX_VS1, 2 + IVSINT 8.8 11.5 mA C 10.9 10.10 I IDLE_VS1,2 × T Sleep + I Startup_PLL_VS1,2 × T Startup_PLL + I RX_VS1,2 × ( T Startup_Sig_Proc + T Bit check ) I Poll = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T +T +T +T Sleep Startup_PLL Startup_Sig_Proc Bitcheck 10.11 17, 18, 27 IS_Poll IPoll = IP + IVSINT *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 86 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 18. Electrical Characteristic: Battery Application (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V typical values at VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V and Tamb = 25°C. Application according to Figure 3-1 on page 6 or Figure 5-1 on page 8. fRF = 315.0 MHz/ 433.92 MHz/868.3 MHz unless otherwise specified. Microcontroller interface current IVSINT has to be added. No. Parameters Test Conditions VVS1 = VVS2 ≤ 3V 315 MHz/5 dBm 315 MHz/10 dBm 433.92 MHz/5 dBm 433.92 MHz/10 dBm 868.3 MHz/5 dBm 868.3 MHz/10 dBm Pin Symbol Min. Typ. 10.3 15.7 10.5 15.8 11.2 17.3 Max. 13.4 20.5 13.5 20.5 14.5 22.5 Unit Type* 10.12 Current in TX mode on pin VS1 and VS2 17, 18 ITX_VS1_VS2 mA B 10.13 11 Supply current TX mode Full-duplex Mode Pout = –10 dBm VVS1 = VVS2 ≤ 3V RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 13 Load optimized for +5 dBm! Pout = –5 dBm VVS1 = VVS2 ≤ 3V RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET= 20 Load optimized for +5 dBm! Pout = 0 dBm VVS1 = VVS2 ≤ 3V RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 27 Load optimized for +5 dBm! 17, 18, 27 IS_TX IS_TX = ITX_VS1_VS 2 + IVSINT 11.1 Current in Full-duplex mode 17, 18, 27 IFD1_VS1_VS2 11.9 16.5 mA B 11.2 Current in Full-duplex mode 17, 18, 27 IFD2_VS1_VS2 12.5 17.4 mA B 11.3 Current in Full-duplex mode 17, 18, 27 IFD3_VS1_VS2 13.7 18.3 mA B 11.4 Supply current Full-duplex mode 17, 18, 27 IS_FD IS_FD = IFD1,2,3_VS1_VS2 + IVSINT *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 87 4829D–RKE–06/06 19. Electrical Characteristics: Car Application All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V. Typical values at VVS2 = 5V and Tamb = 25°C. Application according to Figure 4-1 on page 7. fRF = 315.0 MHz/433.92 MHz/868.3 MHz unless otherwise specified. Microcontroller interface current IVSINT has to be added. No. Parameters Test Conditions Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 12 Car Application IIDLE_VS2 or IRX_VS2 or IStartup_PLL_VS2 or ITX_VS2 or IFD3,4_VS2 VS2 12.1 Supported voltage range Supply voltage for microcontrollerinterface Supply current OFF mode Car application 17 VVS2 VVSINT 4.4 5.6 V A 12.2 27 VVS2 = VVSINT ≤ 5.25VIS + IOFF_VSINT _OFF = IOFF_VS2 2.15 5.25 V A 12.3 17,27 IS_OFF 0.5 6 µA A VVS2 ≤5V 12.4 Current in IDLE mode on pin VS2 CLK enabled CLK disabled 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 Supply current IDLE mode Current in RX mode on pin VS2 Supply current RX mode Current during TStartup_PLL on pin VS2 Current in RX Polling mode on pin VS2 Supply current RX polling mode VVS2 = 5V 315 MHz/5dBm 315 MHz/10dBm 433.92 MHz/5dBm 433.92 MHz/10dBm 868.3 MHz/5dBm 868.3 MHz/10dBm CLK enabled VVS2 = 5V CLK enabled VVS2 = 5V 17, 27 17 17, 27 17 IS_IDLE IRX_VS2 IS_RX IStartup_PLL_VS2 17 IIDLE_VS2 430 360 600 520 µA µA A B IS_IDLE = IIDLE_VS2 + IVSINT 10.8 14.5 mA B IS_RX = IRX_VS2 + IVSINT 9.1 12 mA C 12.9 I IDLE_VS2 × T Sleep + I Startup_PLL_VS2 × T Startup_PLL + I RX_VS2 × ( T Startup_Sig_Proc + T Bit check ) I Poll "" = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T Sleep + T Startup_PLL + T Startup_Sig_Proc + T Bit check 17, 27 IS_Poll IS_Poll = IPoll + IVSINT 10.7 16.2 10.9 16.3 11.6 17.8 13.9 21.0 14.0 21.0 15.0 23.0 12.10 12.11 Current in TX mode on pin VS2 17 ITX_VS2 mA B 12.12 Supply current TX mode 17, 27 IS_TX IS_TX = ITX_VS2 + IVSINT *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 88 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 19. Electrical Characteristics: Car Application (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.6V, VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V. Typical values at VVS2 = 5V and Tamb = 25°C. Application according to Figure 4-1 on page 7. fRF = 315.0 MHz/433.92 MHz/868.3 MHz unless otherwise specified. Microcontroller interface current IVSINT has to be added. No. 13 Parameters Full-duplex Mode Pout = –5 dBm VVS2 = 5V RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 19 Load optimized for +5 dBm! Pout = 0 dBm VVS2 = 5V RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 26 Load optimized for +5 dBm! Pout = 5 dBm VVS2 = 5V RR_PWR = 22 kΩ PWSET = 31 Load optimized for +5 dBm! Test Conditions Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 13.1 Current in Full-duplex mode 17, 27 IFD4_VS2 12.7 16.9 mA B 13.2 Current in Full-duplex mode 17, 27 IFD5_VS2 13.8 18.4 mA B 13.3 Current in Full-duplex mode 17, 27 IFD6_VS2 15.6 20.8 mA B 13.4 Supply current Full-duplex mode 17, 27 IS_FD IS_FD = IFD4,5,6_VS2 + IVSINT *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 89 4829D–RKE–06/06 20. Digital Timing Characteristics All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C. VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application), typical values at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise specified. No. 14 14.1 Parameters Basic clock cycle XLIM = 0 BR_Range_0 BR_Range_1 BR_Range_2 BR_Range_3 14.2 Extended basic clock cycle TXDCLK XLIM = 1 BR_Range_0 BR_Range_1 BR_Range_2 BR_Range_3 15 RX Mode/RX Polling Mode Sleep and XSleep are defined in control register 4 Sleep × XSleep× 1024 × TDCLK 798.5 × TDCLK 930 546 354 258 × TDCLK Sleep × XSleep× 1024 × TDCLK 798.5 × TDCLK 930 546 354 258 × TDCLK 16 8 4 2 × TDCLK 16 8 4 2 × TDCLK 8 4 2 1 × TDCLK 8 4 2 1 × TDCLK Test Conditions Pin Symbol TDCLK Min. 16/fXTO Typ. Max. 16/fXTO Unit µs Type* A Basic Clock Cycle of the Digital Circuitry µs A µs A 15.1 Sleep time TSleep ms A 15.2 Start-up PLL RX mode From IDLE mode BR_Range_0 BR_Range_1 BR_Range_2 BR_Range_3 Average time during polling. No RF signal applied. fSignal = 1/(2 × tee) Signal data rate Manchester (Lim_min and Lim_max up to ±50% of tee, see Figure 14-3 on page 55) Bit-check time for a valid input signal fSignal NBit-check = 0 NBit-check = 3 NBit-check = 6 NBit-check = 9 TStartup_PLL µs A 15.3 Start-up signal processing TStartup_Sig_Proc A 15.4 Time for Bit-check TBit_check 3/fSignal 6/fSignal 9/fSignal 1/fSignal 3.5/fSignal 6.5/fSignal 9.5/fSignal ms C *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 90 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 20. Digital Timing Characteristics (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C. VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application), typical values at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise specified. No. Parameters Test Conditions BR_Range = BR_Range0 BR_Range1 BR_Range2 BR_Range3 XLIM = 0 BR_Range_0 BR_Range_1 BR_Range_2 BR_Range_3 31 XLIM = 1 BR_Range_0 BR_Range_1 BR_Range_2 BR_Range_3 Edge-to-edge time period of the data signal for full sensitivity in RX mode TX Mode Start-up time From IDLE mode TStartup 331.5 × TDCLK 1.5 × TDCLK 2 250 250 331.5 × TDCLK µs A BR_Range_0 BR_Range_1 BR_Range_2 BR_Range_3 200 100 50 25 500 250 125 62.5 TDATA_min 10 × TXDCLK µs A Pin Symbol Min. 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 Typ. Max. 2.5 5.0 10.0 20.0 Unit Type* 15.5 Bit-rate range BR_Range Kbit/s A 15.6 Minimum time period between edges at pin SDO_TMDO in RX transparent mode 15.7 TDATA µs B 16 16.1 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Configuration of the Transceiver with 4-wire Serial Interface CS set-up time to rising edge of SCK SCK cycle time SDI_TMDI set-up time to rising edge of SCK SDI_TMDI hold time from rising edge of SCK SDO_TMDO enable time from rising edge of CS SDO_TMDO output delay from falling edge of SCK SDO_TMDO disable time from falling edge of CS CS disable time period Time period SCK low to CS high CL = 10 pF 33, 35 33 32, 33 32, 33 TCS_setup TCycle TSetup THold TOut_enable µs µs ns ns A A C C 17.5 31, 35 250 ns C 17.6 31, 35 TOut_delay 250 ns C 17.7 31, 33 TOut_disable TCS_disable TSCK_setup1 1.5 × TDCLK 250 250 ns C 17.8 17.9 35 33, 35 µs ns A C *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 91 4829D–RKE–06/06 20. Digital Timing Characteristics (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C. VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application), typical values at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise specified. No. 17.10 17.11 18 Parameters Time period SCK low to CS low Time period CS low to SCK high Test Conditions Pin 33, 35 33, 35 Symbol TSCK_setup2 TSCK_hold Min. 250 250 Typ. Max. Unit ns ns Type* C C Start Time Push Button N_PWR_ON and PWR_ON Timing of wake-up via PWR_ON or N_PWR_ON From OFF mode to IDLE mode, applications according to Figure 3-1 on page 6, Figure 4-1 on page 7, Figure 5-1 on page 8 and Figure 6-1 on page 9 XTAL: Cm < 14 fF (typ. 5 fF) C0 < 2.2 pF (typ. 1.8 pF) Rm ≤ 120Ω (typ. 15Ω) battery application C1 = C2 = C3 = 68 nF C5 = C7 = 10 nF car application C1 = C3 = C4 = 68 nF C2 = 2.2 µF C5 = 10 nF 0.3 29, 40 TPWR_ON_IRQ_1 0.45 1.3 0.8 ms B 18.1 PWR_ON high to positive edge on pin IRQ (Figure 12-4 on page 46) 18.2 PWR_ON high to positive edge on pin IRQ (Figure 12-4 on page 46) From every mode except OFF mode 29, 40 TPWR_ON_IRQ_2 2 × TDCLK µs A *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 92 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 20. Digital Timing Characteristics (Continued) All parameters refer to GND and are valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C. VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application), and VVS2 = VVSINT = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application), typical values at VVS1 = VVS2 = VVSINT = 3V and Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise specified. No. Parameters Test Conditions From OFF mode to IDLE mode, applications according to Figure 3-1 on page 6, Figure 4-1 on page 7, Figure 5-1 on page 8 and Figure 6-1 on page 9 XTAL: Cm < 14 fF (typ 5 fF) C0 < 2.2 pF (typ 1.8 pF) Rm ≤ 120Ω (typ 15Ω) battery application C1 = C2 = 68 nF C3 = C4 = 68 nF C5 = 10 nF car application C1 = C4 = 68 nF C2 = C3 = 2.2 µF C5 = 10 nF 18.4 19 19.1 19.2 19.3 Push button debounce time Full-duplex Mode Start-up PLL in Full-duplex mode Start-up signal processing FD mode From IDLE mode Data rate is fixed for full-duplex operation TStartup_PLL_fd TStartup_Sig_Proc_fd TBIT_fd TDelay 798.5 × TDCLK 546 × TDCLK 168 × TDCLK 168 × TDCLK 24 × TBIT-fd 798.5 × TDCLK 546 × TDCLK 168 × TDCLK 168 × TDCLK 24 × TBIT-fd µs µs µs A A A Every mode except OFF 29, 45 mode TDebounce 8195 × TDCLK 0.3 29, 45 TN_PWR_ON_IRQ 0.8 ms B Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 18.3 N_PWR_ON low to positive edge on pin IRQ (Figure 12-2 on page 44) 0.45 1.3 8195 × TDCLK µs A Time per information Bit Data rate is fixed for in Full-duplex mode full-duplex operation Switch OFF Delay Time from last transmitted bit to switch of the power amplifier Time after startbit detection to begin of payload data transmission 19.4 µs A 19.5 Synchronization Time TSync µs A *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 93 4829D–RKE–06/06 21. Digital Port Characteristics All parameter refer to GND and valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application) and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application) typical values at VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V (battery application) and Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise specified. VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V can be used independent from VVS1 and VVS2 in the case the microcontroller uses an different supply voltage. No. 20 Parameters Digital Ports CS input = 2.15V to 5.25V V - low level input voltage VSINT - high level input voltage VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V SCK input = 2.15V to 5.25V V - low level input voltage VSINT - high level input voltage VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V SDI_TMDI input = 2.15V to 5.25V V - low level input voltage VSINT - high level input voltage VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V 20.4 TEST1 input TEST1 input must always be directly connected to GND TEST2 input must always be direct connected to GND 35 35 33 33 32 32 VIl VIh VIl VIh VIl VIh 0.8 × VVSINT 0 0 0.8 × VVSINT 0.2 × VVSINT 0.8 × VVSINT 0.2 × VVSINT 0.2 × VVSINT V V V V V V A A A A A A Test Conditions Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Type* 20.1 20.2 20.3 20 V 20.5 TEST2 input 23 0 0 0.2 × VVSINT V 20.6 PWR_ON input = 2.15V to 5.25V V - low level input voltage VSINT - high level input voltage VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V N_PWR_ON input Internal pull-up resistor - low level input voltage of 50 kΩ ±20% VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V - high level input voltage Internal pull-up resistor of 50 kΩ ±20% CS_POL input -low level input voltage - high level input voltage SCK_POL input - low level input voltage - high level input voltage SCK_PHA input - low level input voltage - high level input voltage 40 40 VIl VIh VIl 0.8 × VVSINT 0.8 × VVSINT V V A A 45 0.2 × VVSINT V A 20.7 45 VIh VIl VIh VIl VIh VIl VIh V 0.2 × VDVCC A 22 22 43 43 44 44 V V V V V V A A A A A A 20.8 0.8 × VDVCC VDVCC 0.2 × VDVCC 20.9 0.8 × VDVCC VDVCC 0.2 × VDVCC 20.10 0.8 × VDVCC VDVCC *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 94 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 21. Digital Port Characteristics (Continued) All parameter refer to GND and valid for Tamb = –40°C to +105°C, VVS1 = VVS2 = 2.15V to 3.6V (battery application) and VVS2 = 4.4V to 5.25V (car application) typical values at VVS1 = VVS2 = 3V (battery application) and Tamb = 25°C unless otherwise specified. VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V can be used independent from VVS1 and VVS2 in the case the microcontroller uses an different supply voltage. No. 20.11 Parameters 433_N868 input - low level input voltage - high level input voltage 20.12 PWR_H input - low level input voltage - high level input voltage SDO_TMDO output VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V - saturation voltage low ISDO_TMDO = 250 µA - saturation voltage high VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V ISDO_TMDO = –250 µA Test Conditions Pin 6 6 9 9 31 31 29 29 Symbol VIl VIh VIl VIh Vol Voh Vol Voh VVSINT – 0.4 VVSINT – 0.4 1.7 0.15 VVSINT – 0.15 0.15 VVSINT – 0.15 0.4 1.7 Min. Typ. Max. 0.25 AVCC 0.25 AVCC 0.4 Unit V V V V V V V V Type* A A A A B B B B 20.13 20.14 IRQ output VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V - saturation voltage low IIRQ = 250 µA - saturation voltage high VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V IIRQ = –250 µA 20.15 VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V ICLK = 100 µA CLK output internal series resistor of - saturation voltage low 1 kΩ for spurious reduction in PLL VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V ICLK = –100 µA - saturation voltage high internal series resistor of 1 kΩ for spurious reduction in PLL POUT output VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V - saturation voltage low IPOUT = 250 µA 30 Vol 0.15 0.4 V B 30 Voh VVSINT – 0.4 VVSINT – 0.15 V B 28 28 28 46 46 Vol Vol Voh Vol Voh VAVCC – 0.5 0 VVSINT – 0.4 0.15 0.4 VVSINT – 0.15 0.25 VAVCC – 0.15 0.4 0.6 V V V B B B B B 20.16 POUT output VVSINT = 5V - saturation voltage low IPOUT = 1000 µA POUT output VVSINT = 2.15V to 5.25V - saturation voltage high IPOUT = –1500 µA RX_ACTIVE output I = 25 µA - saturation voltage low RX_ACTIVE RX_ACTIVE output = –1500 µA I - saturation voltage high RX_ACTIVE TEST3 output TEST3 output must always be directly connected to GND 0.4 V V 20.17 20.18 34 0 V *) Type means: A = 100% tested, B = 100% correlation tested, C = Characterized on samples, D = Design parameter 95 4829D–RKE–06/06 22. Ordering Information Extended Type Number ATA5823-PLQW ATA5824-PLQW Package QFN48 QFN48 Remarks 7 mm x 7 mm, Pb-free 7 mm x 7 mm, Pb-free 23. Package Information 24. Revision History Please note that the following page numbers referred to in this section refer to the specific revision mentioned, not to this document. Revision No. History • • • • Put datasheet in a new template kBaud replaced through Kbit/s Baud replaced through bit Table 14-8 “Interrupt Handling” on page 70 changed 4829D-RKE-06/06 96 ATA5823/ATA5824 4829D–RKE–06/06 ATA5823/ATA5824 25. Table of Contents Features ..................................................................................................... 1 Applications .............................................................................................. 2 Benefits...................................................................................................... 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 General Description ................................................................................. 2 Pin Configuration ..................................................................................... 3 Typical Key Fob Application for Bi-directional RKE ............................. 6 Typical Car Application for Bi-directional RKE ..................................... 7 Typical Key Fob Application for Full-duplex PEG ................................ 8 Typical Car Application for Full-duplex PEG ........................................ 9 RF Transceiver in Half-duplex Mode .................................................... 10 RF Transceiver in Full-duplex Mode .................................................... 25 XTO .......................................................................................................... 27 10 Power Supply ......................................................................................... 31 11 Microcontroller Interface ....................................................................... 35 12 Digital Control Logic .............................................................................. 35 13 Transceiver Configuration .................................................................... 47 14 Operation Modes .................................................................................... 52 15 Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................. 71 16 Thermal Resistance ............................................................................... 71 17 Electrical Characteristics: General ...................................................... 72 18 Electrical Characteristic: Battery Application ..................................... 86 19 Electrical Characteristics: Car Application ......................................... 88 20 Digital Timing Characteristics .............................................................. 90 21 Digital Port Characteristics ................................................................... 94 22 Ordering Information ............................................................................. 96 23 Package Information ............................................................................. 96 97 4829D–RKE–06/06 Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Atmel Operations Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. 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A tmel ®, logo and combinations thereof, Everywhere You Are® a nd others are registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others. 4829D–RKE–06/06