ATMEGA168V

Features • High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-Bit Microcontroller • Advanced RISC Architecture – 131 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution – 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers – Fully Static Operation – Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz – On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier Non-volatile Program and Data Memories – 4/8/16K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash (ATmega48/88/168) Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles – Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program True Read-While-Write Operation – 256/512/512 Bytes EEPROM (ATmega48/88/168) Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles – 512/1K/1K Byte Internal SRAM (ATmega48/88/168) – Programming Lock for Software Security Peripheral Features – Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode – One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode – Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator – Six PWM Channels – 8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package – 6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package – Programmable Serial USART – Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface – Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I2C compatible) – Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator – On-chip Analog Comparator – Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change Special Microcontroller Features – Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection – Internal Calibrated Oscillator – External and Internal Interrupt Sources – Five Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, and Standby I/O and Packages – 23 Programmable I/O Lines – 28-pin PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, 28-pad QFN/MLF and 32-pad QFN/MLF Operating Voltage: – 1.8 - 5.5V for ATmega48V/88V/168V – 2.7 - 5.5V for ATmega48/88/168 Temperature Range: – -40°C to 85°C Speed Grade: – ATmega48V/88V/168V: 0 - 4 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V, 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V – ATmega48/88/168: 0 - 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5V, 0 - 20 MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5V Low Power Consumption – Active Mode: 250 µA at 1 MHz, 1.8V 15 µA at 32 kHz, 1.8V (including Oscillator) – Power-down Mode: 0.1µA at 1.8V • • 8-bit Microcontroller with 8K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash ATmega48/V ATmega88/V * ATmega168/V * * Preliminary • • • • • • Rev. 2545JS–AVR–12/06 1. Pin Configurations Figure 1-1. Pinout ATmega48/88/168 TQFP Top View PD2 (INT0/PCINT18) PD1 (TXD/PCINT17) PD0 (RXD/PCINT16) PC6 (RESET/PCINT14) PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13) PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12) PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11) PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10) PDIP (PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 (PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 GND VCC GND VCC (PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 (PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9) PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8) ADC7 GND AREF ADC6 AVCC PB5 (SCK/PCINT5) (PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 (PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 (PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 (PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 (PCINT1/OC1A) PB1 (PCINT2/SS/OC1B) PB2 (PCINT3/OC2A/MOSI) PB3 (PCINT4/MISO) PB4 (PCINT14/RESET) PC6 (PCINT16/RXD) PD0 (PCINT17/TXD) PD1 (PCINT18/INT0) PD2 (PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 (PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 VCC GND (PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 (PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 (PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 (PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 (PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 (PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13) PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12) PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11) PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10) PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9) PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8) GND AREF AVCC PB5 (SCK/PCINT5) PB4 (MISO/PCINT4) PB3 (MOSI/OC2A/PCINT3) PB2 (SS/OC1B/PCINT2) PB1 (OC1A/PCINT1) 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 28 MLF Top View PD2 (INT0/PCINT18) PD1 (TXD/PCINT17) PD0 (RXD/PCINT16) PC6 (RESET/PCINT14) PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13) PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12) PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11) 32 MLF Top View PD2 (INT0/PCINT18) PD1 (TXD/PCINT17) PD0 (RXD/PCINT16) PC6 (RESET/PCINT14) PC5 (ADC5/SCL/PCINT13) PC4 (ADC4/SDA/PCINT12) PC3 (ADC3/PCINT11) PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10) 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 (PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 (PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 VCC GND (PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 (PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 (PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 PC2 (ADC2/PCINT10) PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9) PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8) GND AREF AVCC PB5 (SCK/PCINT5) (PCINT19/OC2B/INT1) PD3 (PCINT20/XCK/T0) PD4 GND VCC GND VCC (PCINT6/XTAL1/TOSC1) PB6 (PCINT7/XTAL2/TOSC2) PB7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 PC1 (ADC1/PCINT9) PC0 (ADC0/PCINT8) ADC7 GND AREF ADC6 AVCC PB5 (SCK/PCINT5) (PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 (PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 (PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 (PCINT1/OC1A) PB1 (PCINT2/SS/OC1B) PB2 (PCINT3/OC2A/MOSI) PB3 (PCINT4/MISO) PB4 NOTE: Bottom pad should be soldered to ground. NOTE: Bottom pad should be soldered to ground. 2 ATmega48/88/168 2545JS–AVR–12/06 (PCINT21/OC0B/T1) PD5 (PCINT22/OC0A/AIN0) PD6 (PCINT23/AIN1) PD7 (PCINT0/CLKO/ICP1) PB0 (PCINT1/OC1A) PB1 (PCINT2/SS/OC1B) PB2 (PCINT3/OC2A/MOSI) PB3 (PCINT4/MISO) PB4 ATmega48/88/168 1.1 1.1.1 Pin Descriptions VCC Digital supply voltage. 1.1.2 GND Ground. 1.1.3 Port B (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2 Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator is used as chip clock source, PB7..6 is used as TOSC2..1 input for the Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set. The various special features of Port B are elaborated in ”Alternate Functions of Port B” on page 78 and ”System Clock and Clock Options” on page 27. 1.1.4 Port C (PC5:0) Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The PC5..0 output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. 1.1.5 PC6/RESET If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C. If the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a Reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in Table 27-3 on page 307. Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a Reset. The various special features of Port C are elaborated in ”Alternate Functions of Port C” on page 81. 1.1.6 Port D (PD7:0) Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up 3 2545JS–AVR–12/06 resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. The various special features of Port D are elaborated in ”Alternate Functions of Port D” on page 84. 1.1.7 AVCC AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, PC3:0, and ADC7:6. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter. Note that PC6..4 use digital supply voltage, VCC. 1.1.8 AREF AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter. 1.1.9 ADC7:6 (TQFP and QFN/MLF Package Only) In the TQFP and QFN/MLF package, ADC7:6 serve as analog inputs to the A/D converter. These pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC channels. 4 ATmega48/88/168 2545JS–AVR–12/06 ATmega48/88/168 2. Overview The ATmega48/88/168 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega48/88/168 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed. 2.1 Block Diagram Figure 2-1. Block Diagram GND VCC Watchdog Timer Watchdog Oscillator Power Supervision POR / BOD & RESET debugWIRE PROGRAM LOGIC Oscillator Circuits / Clock Generation Flash SRAM CPU EEPROM AVCC AREF GND 8bit T/C 0 16bit T/C 1 A/D Conv. 2 DATABUS 8bit T/C 2 Analog Comp. Internal Bandgap 6 USART 0 SPI TWI PORT D (8) PORT B (8) PORT C (7) RESET XTAL[1..2] PD[0..7] PB[0..7] PC[0..6] ADC[6..7] The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting 5 2545JS–AVR–12/06 architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. The ATmega48/88/168 provides the following features: 4K/8K/16K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 256/512/512 bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface, an SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit ADC (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), a programmable Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, USART, 2-wire Serial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except asynchronous timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with low power consumption. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-volatile memory technology. The On-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed In-System through an SPI serial interface, by a conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot program running on the AVR core. The Boot program can use any interface to download the application program in the Application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will continue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel ATmega48/88/168 is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. The ATmega48/88/168 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools including: C Compilers, Macro Assemblers, Program Debugger/Simulators, In-Circuit Emulators, and Evaluation kits. 2.2 Comparison Between ATmega48, ATmega88, and ATmega168 The ATmega48, ATmega88 and ATmega168 differ only in memory sizes, boot loader support, and interrupt vector sizes. Table 2-1 summarizes the different memory and interrupt vector sizes for the three devices. Table 2-1. Device ATmega48 ATmega88 ATmega168 Memory Size Summary Flash 4K Bytes 8K Bytes 16K Bytes EEPROM 256 Bytes 512 Bytes 512 Bytes RAM 512 Bytes 1K Bytes 1K Bytes Interrupt Vector Size 1 instruction word/vector 1 instruction word/vector 2 instruction words/vector ATmega88 and ATmega168 support a real Read-While-Write Self-Programming mechanism. There is a separate Boot Loader Section, and the SPM instruction can only execute from there. In ATmega48, there is no Read-While-Write support and no separate Boot Loader Section. The SPM instruction can execute from the entire Flash. 6 ATmega48/88/168 2545JS–AVR–12/06 ATmega48/88/168 3. Resources A comprehensive set of development tools, application notes and datasheets are available for download on http://www.atmel.com/avr. 7 2545JS–AVR–12/06 4. Register Summary Address (0xFF) (0xFE) (0xFD) (0xFC) (0xFB) (0xFA) (0xF9) (0xF8) (0xF7) (0xF6) (0xF5) (0xF4) (0xF3) (0xF2) (0xF1) (0xF0) (0xEF) (0xEE) (0xED) (0xEC) (0xEB) (0xEA) (0xE9) (0xE8) (0xE7) (0xE6) (0xE5) (0xE4) (0xE3) (0xE2) (0xE1) (0xE0) (0xDF) (0xDE) (0xDD) (0xDC) (0xDB) (0xDA) (0xD9) (0xD8) (0xD7) (0xD6) (0xD5) (0xD4) (0xD3) (0xD2) (0xD1) (0xD0) (0xCF) (0xCE) (0xCD) (0xCC) (0xCB) (0xCA) (0xC9) (0xC8) (0xC7) (0xC6) (0xC5) (0xC4) (0xC3) (0xC2) (0xC1) (0xC0) Name Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved UDR0 UBRR0H UBRR0L Reserved UCSR0C UCSR0B UCSR0A Bit 7 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Bit 6 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Bit 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Bit 4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Bit 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Bit 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Bit 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Bit 0 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Page USART I/O Data Register USART Baud Rate Register High USART Baud Rate Register Low – UMSEL01 RXCIE0 RXC0 – UMSEL00 TXCIE0 TXC0 – UPM01 UDRIE0 UDRE0 – UPM00 RXEN0 FE0 – USBS0 TXEN0 DOR0 – UCSZ01 /UDORD0 190 194 194 – UCSZ00 / UCPHA0 – UCPOL0 TXB80 MPCM0 192/207 191 190 UCSZ02 UPE0 RXB80 U2X0 8 ATmega48/88/168 2545JS–AVR–12/06 ATmega48/88/168 Address (0xBF) (0xBE) (0xBD) (0xBC) (0xBB) (0xBA) (0xB9) (0xB8) (0xB7) (0xB6) (0xB5) (0xB4) (0xB3) (0xB2) (0xB1) (0xB0) (0xAF) (0xAE) (0xAD) (0xAC) (0xAB) (0xAA) (0xA9) (0xA8) (0xA7) (0xA6) (0xA5) (0xA4) (0xA3) (0xA2) (0xA1) (0xA0) (0x9F) (0x9E) (0x9D) (0x9C) (0x9B) (0x9A) (0x99) (0x98) (0x97) (0x96) (0x95) (0x94) (0x93) (0x92) (0x91) (0x90) (0x8F) (0x8E) (0x8D) (0x8C) (0x8B) (0x8A) (0x89) (0x88) (0x87) (0x86) (0x85) (0x84) (0x83) (0x82) (0x81) (0x80) (0x7F) (0x7E) Name Reserved Reserved TWAMR TWCR TWDR TWAR TWSR TWBR Reserved ASSR Reserved OCR2B OCR2A TCNT2 TCCR2B TCCR2A Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved OCR1BH OCR1BL OCR1AH OCR1AL ICR1H ICR1L TCNT1H TCNT1L Reserved TCCR1C TCCR1B TCCR1A DIDR1 DIDR0 Bit 7 – – TWAM6 TWINT TWA6 TWS7 – – – Bit 6 – – TWAM5 TWEA TWA5 TWS6 Bit 5 – – TWAM4 TWSTA TWA4 TWS5 – Bit 4 – – TWAM3 TWSTO TWA3 TWS4 – TCN2UB – Bit 3 – – TWAM2 TWWC TWA2 TWS3 – OCR2AUB – Bit 2 – – TWAM1 TWEN TWA1 – – OCR2BUB – Bit 1 – – TWAM0 – TWA0 TWPS1 – TCR2AUB – Bit 0 – – – TWIE TWGCE TWPS0 – TCR2BUB – Page 239 236 238 239 238 236 159 158 157 157 156 153 2-wire Serial Interface Data Register 2-wire Serial Interface Bit Rate Register EXCLK – AS2 – Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register B Timer/Counter2 Output Compare Register A Timer/Counter2 (8-bit) FOC2A COM2A1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – FOC2B COM2A0 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – COM2B1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – COM2B0 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – WGM22 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – CS22 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – CS21 WGM21 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – CS20 WGM20 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Timer/Counter1 - Output Compare Register B High Byte Timer/Counter1 - Output Compare Register B Low Byte Timer/Counter1 - Output Compare Register A High Byte Timer/Counter1 - Output Compare Register A Low Byte Timer/Counter1 - Input Capture Register High Byte Timer/Counter1 - Input Capture Register Low Byte Timer/Counter1 - Counter Register High Byte Timer/Counter1 - Counter Register Low Byte – FOC1A ICNC1 COM1A1 – – – FOC1B ICES1 COM1A0 – – – – – COM1B1 – ADC5D – – WGM13 COM1B0 – ADC4D – – WGM12 – – ADC3D – – CS12 – – ADC2D – – CS11 WGM11 AIN1D ADC1D – – CS10 WGM10 AIN0D ADC0D 134 134 134 134 135 135 134 134 133 132 130 243 259 9 2545JS–AVR–12/06 Address (0x7D) (0x7C) (0x7B) (0x7A) (0x79) (0x78) (0x77) (0x76) (0x75) (0x74) (0x73) (0x72) (0x71) (0x70) (0x6F) (0x6E) (0x6D) (0x6C) (0x6B) (0x6A) (0x69) (0x68) (0x67) (0x66) (0x65) (0x64) (0x63) (0x62) (0x61) (0x60) 0x3F (0x5F) 0x3E (0x5E) 0x3D (0x5D) 0x3C (0x5C) 0x3B (0x5B) 0x3A (0x5A) 0x39 (0x59) 0x38 (0x58) 0x37 (0x57) 0x36 (0x56) 0x35 (0x55) 0x34 (0x54) 0x33 (0x53) 0x32 (0x52) 0x31 (0x51) 0x30 (0x50) 0x2F (0x4F) 0x2E (0x4E) 0x2D (0x4D) 0x2C (0x4C) 0x2B (0x4B) 0x2A (0x4A) 0x29 (0x49) 0x28 (0x48) 0x27 (0x47) 0x26 (0x46) 0x25 (0x45) 0x24 (0x44) 0x23 (0x43) 0x22 (0x42) 0x21 (0x41) 0x20 (0x40) 0x1F (0x3F) 0x1E (0x3E) 0x1D (0x3D) 0x1C (0x3C) Name Reserved ADMUX ADCSRB ADCSRA ADCH ADCL Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved TIMSK2 TIMSK1 TIMSK0 PCMSK2 PCMSK1 PCMSK0 Reserved EICRA PCICR Reserved OSCCAL Reserved PRR Reserved Reserved CLKPR WDTCSR SREG SPH SPL Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved SPMCSR Reserved MCUCR MCUSR SMCR Reserved Reserved ACSR Reserved SPDR SPSR SPCR GPIOR2 GPIOR1 Reserved OCR0B OCR0A TCNT0 TCCR0B TCCR0A GTCCR EEARH EEARL EEDR EECR GPIOR0 EIMSK EIFR Bit 7 – REFS1 – ADEN Bit 6 – REFS0 ACME ADSC Bit 5 – ADLAR – ADATE Bit 4 – – – ADIF Bit 3 – MUX3 – ADIE Bit 2 – MUX2 ADTS2 ADPS2 Bit 1 – MUX1 ADTS1 ADPS1 Bit 0 – MUX0 ADTS0 ADPS0 Page 255 258 256 258 258 ADC Data Register High byte ADC Data Register Low byte – – – – – – – – – – PCINT23 – PCINT7 – – – – – PRTWI – – CLKPCE WDIF I – SP7 – – – – – SPMIE – – – – – – ACD – SPIF SPIE – – – – – – – – – – PCINT22 PCINT14 PCINT6 – – – – – PRTIM2 – – – WDIE T – SP6 – – – – – (RWWSB)5. – – – – – – ACBG – WCOL SPE – – – – – – – – ICIE1 – PCINT21 PCINT13 PCINT5 – – – – – PRTIM0 – – – WDP3 H – SP5 – – – – – – – – – – – – ACO – – DORD – – – – – – – – – – PCINT20 PCINT12 PCINT4 – – – – – – – – – WDCE S – SP4 – – – – – (RWWSRE)5. – PUD – – – – ACI – – MSTR – – – – – – – – – – PCINT19 PCINT11 PCINT3 – ISC11 – – – PRTIM1 – – CLKPS3 WDE V – SP3 – – – – – BLBSET – – WDRF SM2 – – ACIE – SPI Data Register – CPOL – CPHA – SPR1 SPI2X SPR0 – – – – – – – OCIE2B OCIE1B OCIE0B PCINT18 PCINT10 PCINT2 – ISC10 PCIE2 – – PRSPI – – CLKPS2 WDP2 N (SP10) 5. SP2 – – – – – PGWRT – – BORF SM1 – – ACIC – – – – – – – – OCIE2A OCIE1A OCIE0A PCINT17 PCINT9 PCINT1 – ISC01 PCIE1 – – PRUSART0 – – CLKPS1 WDP1 Z SP9 SP1 – – – – – PGERS – IVSEL EXTRF SM0 – – ACIS1 – – – – – – – – TOIE2 TOIE1 TOIE0 PCINT16 PCINT8 PCINT0 – ISC00 PCIE0 – 158 135 106 70 70 70 67 Oscillator Calibration Register – PRADC – – CLKPS0 WDP0 C SP8 SP0 – – – – – SELFPRGEN – IVCE PORF SE – – ACIS0 – 37 41 37 53 11 13 13 283 39 242 170 169 168 26 26 General Purpose I/O Register 2 General Purpose I/O Register 1 – – – – – – – – Timer/Counter0 Output Compare Register B Timer/Counter0 Output Compare Register A Timer/Counter0 (8-bit) FOC0A COM0A1 TSM FOC0B COM0A0 – – COM0B1 – – COM0B0 – WGM02 – – CS02 – – CS01 WGM01 PSRASY CS00 WGM00 PSRSYNC 139/160 22 22 22 (EEPROM Address Register High Byte) 5. EEPROM Address Register Low Byte EEPROM Data Register – – – – – – EEPM1 – – EEPM0 – – EERIE – – EEMPE – – EEPE INT1 INTF1 EERE INT0 INTF0 General Purpose I/O Register 0 22 26 68 68 10 ATmega48/88/168 2545JS–AVR–12/06 ATmega48/88/168 Address 0x1B (0x3B) 0x1A (0x3A) 0x19 (0x39) 0x18 (0x38) 0x17 (0x37) 0x16 (0x36) 0x15 (0x35) 0x14 (0x34) 0x13 (0x33) 0x12 (0x32) 0x11 (0x31) 0x10 (0x30) 0x0F (0x2F) 0x0E (0x2E) 0x0D (0x2D) 0x0C (0x2C) 0x0B (0x2B) 0x0A (0x2A) 0x09 (0x29) 0x08 (0x28) 0x07 (0x27) 0x06 (0x26) 0x05 (0x25) 0x04 (0x24) 0x03 (0x23) 0x02 (0x22) 0x01 (0x21) 0x0 (0x20) Name PCIFR Reserved Reserved Reserved TIFR2 TIFR1 TIFR0 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved PORTD DDRD PIND PORTC DDRC PINC PORTB DDRB PINB Reserved Reserved Reserved Bit 7 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – PORTD7 DDD7 PIND7 – – – PORTB7 DDB7 PINB7 – – – Bit 6 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – PORTD6 DDD6 PIND6 PORTC6 DDC6 PINC6 PORTB6 DDB6 PINB6 – – – Bit 5 – – – – – ICF1 – – – – – – – – – – PORTD5 DDD5 PIND5 PORTC5 DDC5 PINC5 PORTB5 DDB5 PINB5 – – – Bit 4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – PORTD4 DDD4 PIND4 PORTC4 DDC4 PINC4 PORTB4 DDB4 PINB4 – – – Bit 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – PORTD3 DDD3 PIND3 PORTC3 DDC3 PINC3 PORTB3 DDB3 PINB3 – – – Bit 2 PCIF2 – – – OCF2B OCF1B OCF0B – – – – – – – – – PORTD2 DDD2 PIND2 PORTC2 DDC2 PINC2 PORTB2 DDB2 PINB2 – – – Bit 1 PCIF1 – – – OCF2A OCF1A OCF0A – – – – – – – – – PORTD1 DDD1 PIND1 PORTC1 DDC1 PINC1 PORTB1 DDB1 PINB1 – – – Bit 0 PCIF0 – – – TOV2 TOV1 TOV0 – – – – – – – – – PORTD0 DDD0 PIND0 PORTC0 DDC0 PINC0 PORTB0 DDB0 PINB0 – – – Page 158 136 88 88 88 87 87 87 87 87 87 Note: 1. For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed. Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written. 2. I/O Registers within the address range 0x00 - 0x1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. 3. Some of the Status Flags are cleared by writing a logical one to them. Note that, unlike most other AVRs, the CBI and SBI instructions will only operate on the specified bit, and can therefore be used on registers containing such Status Flags. The CBI and SBI instructions work with registers 0x00 to 0x1F only. 4. When using the I/O specific commands IN and OUT, the I/O addresses 0x00 - 0x3F must be used. When addressing I/O Registers as data space using LD and ST instructions, 0x20 must be added to these addresses. The ATmega48/88/168 is a complex microcontroller with more peripheral units than can be supported within the 64 location reserved in Opcode for the IN and OUT instructions. For the Extended I/O space from 0x60 - 0xFF in SRAM, only the ST/STS/STD and LD/LDS/LDD instructions can be used. 5. Only valid for ATmega88/168 11 2545JS–AVR–12/06 5. Instruction Set Summary Mnemonics ADD ADC ADIW SUB SUBI SBC SBCI SBIW AND ANDI OR ORI EOR COM NEG SBR CBR INC DEC TST CLR SER MUL MULS MULSU FMUL FMULS FMULSU RJMP IJMP JMP(1) RCALL ICALL CALL(1) RET RETI CPSE CP CPC CPI SBRC SBRS SBIC SBIS BRBS BRBC BREQ BRNE BRCS BRCC BRSH BRLO BRMI BRPL BRGE BRLT BRHS BRHC BRTS BRTC BRVS BRVC Rd,Rr Rd,Rr Rd,Rr Rd,K Rr, b Rr, b P, b P, b s, k s, k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k Operands Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rdl,K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rdl,K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd, K Rd, Rr Rd Rd Rd,K Rd,K Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr Rd, Rr k Add two Registers Description Rd ← Rd + Rr Operation Flags Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,S Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,H Z,C,N,V,S Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,C,N,V Z,C,N,V,H Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V Z,N,V None Z,C Z,C Z,C Z,C Z,C Z,C None None None None None None None I None Z, N,V,C,H Z, N,V,C,H Z, N,V,C,H None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None None #Clocks 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 1/2/3 1 1 1 1/2/3 1/2/3 1/2/3 1/2/3 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC INSTRUCTIONS Add with Carry two Registers Add Immediate to Word Subtract two Registers Subtract Constant from Register Subtract with Carry two Registers Subtract with Carry Constant from Reg. Subtract Immediate from Word Logical AND Registers Logical AND Register and Constant Logical OR Registers Logical OR Register and Constant Exclusive OR Registers One’s Complement Two’s Complement Set Bit(s) in Register Clear Bit(s) in Register Increment Decrement Test for Zero or Minus Clear Register Set Register Multiply Unsigned Multiply Signed Multiply Signed with Unsigned Fractional Multiply Unsigned Fractional Multiply Signed Fractional Multiply Signed with Unsigned Relative Jump Indirect Jump to (Z) Direct Jump Relative Subroutine Call Indirect Call to (Z) Direct Subroutine Call Subroutine Return Interrupt Return Compare, Skip if Equal Compare Compare with Carry Compare Register with Immediate Skip if Bit in Register Cleared Skip if Bit in Register is Set Skip if Bit in I/O Register Cleared Skip if Bit in I/O Register is Set Branch if Status Flag Set Branch if Status Flag Cleared Branch if Equal Branch if Not Equal Branch if Carry Set Branch if Carry Cleared Branch if Same or Higher Branch if Lower Branch if Minus Branch if Plus Branch if Greater or Equal, Signed Branch if Less Than Zero, Signed Branch if Half Carry Flag Set Branch if Half Carry Flag Cleared Branch if T Flag Set Branch if T Flag Cleared Branch if Overflow Flag is Set Branch if Overflow Flag is Cleared Rd ← Rd + Rr + C Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl + K Rd ← Rd - Rr Rd ← Rd - K Rd ← Rd - Rr - C Rd ← Rd - K - C Rdh:Rdl ← Rdh:Rdl - K Rd ← Rd • Rr Rd ← Rd • K Rd ← Rd v Rr Rd ← Rd v K Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rr Rd ← 0xFF − Rd Rd ← 0x00 − Rd Rd ← Rd v K Rd ← Rd • (0xFF - K) Rd ← Rd + 1 Rd ← Rd − 1 Rd ← Rd • Rd Rd ← Rd ⊕ Rd Rd ← 0xFF R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr R1:R0 ← Rd x Rr 1 R1:R0 ← (Rd x Rr)