APDS-9500

APDS-9500 Imaging-Based Proximity and Gesture Sensor Data Sheet Description Features The APDS-9500 provides an imaging-based gesture recognition function with an I2C-bus interface in a single 18-pin package. It can recognize nine gestures, including move up, move down, move left, move right, move forward, move backward, circle-clockwise, circle-counterclockwise and wave. This gesture information can be easily accessed via the I2C bus. • Imaging-based proximity and gesture sensor in an optical module The APDS-9500 also provides built-in proximity detection for sensing objects approaching or departing. Applications • Gesture Detection • Cell Phone Touch-Screen Disable • Mechanical Switch Replacement Ordering Information Part Number Packaging Quantity APDS-9500 Tape and Reel 2500 per reel • Gesture output – Nine-gesture recognition • Proximity output – Object brightness output – Object size output • Cursor mode output – X and Y output • Image output – SPI output – 30 × 30 pixels/60 × 60 pixels – 9-bit gray scale • Ambient light immunity • I2C-bus interface compatible – Data rates up to 400 kHz – Dedicated Interrupt pin • Flexible power saving mode • VDD range from 2.8V to 3.3V • I/O voltage range from 1.8V to 3.3V • Small package: 6.87 × 3.76 × 2.86 mm (L × W × H) Functional Block Diagram VDD VIO GND Sensor Array Power Block 9-bit A/D Pre Processing Frame Buffer (Frame subtraction) 30x30 SPI Master SPI_MCLK SPI_CSn SPI_CLK SPI_DATA 60x60 LED Driver I2C Reg. Bank Timing Gen. Interrupt IR LED Object Extraction Gesture Recognition I/O Pins Configuration Pin Name 1 NC 2 INT 3 GND 4 SPI_DATA O SPI data 5 SPI_CLK O SPI clock 6 NC No connect 7 LDR_2 LED Drive 2 8 LED-K_1 LED Cathode 9 LED-A LED anode, connect to VLED on PCB 10 VDDA_I/O Connect to GND through decoupling capacitor 11 VDDAY_I/O Connect to GND through decoupling capacitor 12 VDDA18_I/O Connect to GND through decoupling capacitor 13 VDD Power supply voltage 14 VIO 15 SPI_MCLK I SPI master clock 16 SPI_CSn O SPI chip select 17 I2C_SDA I/O I2C-bus serial data I/O terminal—serial data I/O for I2C-bus 18 I2C_SCL I I2C-bus serial clock input terminal—clock signal for I2C-bus serial data 2 Type Description No connect O Interrupt Power supply ground Power supply voltage I2C_SDA I2C_SCL INT Absolute Maximum Ratings (unless otherwise specified, Ta = 25°C) Parameter Symbol Supply voltage LED supply voltage LED pulse current [1] Max. Unit VDD 4.0 V VLED 4.6 V ILED 2 A I2C-bus pin, Int pin voltage VBUS I2C-bus pin, Int pin current IBUS Min. –0.3 VDD + 0.3 V 10 mA Max. Unit Recommended Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified, Ta = 25°C) Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Operating temperature TA –20 +70 °C Operating supply voltage VDD 2.8 3.6 V LED supply voltage VLED 3.0 4.2 V Peak LED pulse current [1] ILED I2C-bus pin, INT pin voltage VBUS I2C-bus pin, INT pin current IBUS 720 1.8 860 mA 3.3 V 5 mA Note: 1. Pulse width < 500 μs, duty cycle < 5% Operating Characteristics (unless otherwise specified, Ta = 25°C, VDD = 2.8V) Parameter Symbol Unit Test Conditions Suspend current IDD_SUS Min. 15 Typ. Max. μA See Figure 13 Standby state 1 current IDD_ST1 0.57 mA See Figure 11 Standby state 2 current IDD_ST2 0.37 mA See Figure 12 Current consumption for proximity detection 0.2 mA 1. 2. 3. 4. Register R_AE_Exposure_UB, 0x48 = 0x10 Register R_AE_Exposure_UB, 0x49 = 0x00 Register R_IDLE_TIME, 0x65 = 0xCE Register R_IDLE_TIME, 0x66 = 0x0B Current consumption for gesture detection 1 mA 1. 2. 3. 4. Register R_AE_Exposure_UB, 0x48 = 0x48 Register R_AE_Exposure_UB, 0x49 = 0x00 Register R_IDLE_TIME, 0x65 = 0x96 Register R_IDLE_TIME, 0x66 = 0x00 I2C-bus input high voltage VIH 0.7 × VBUS VBUS + 0.3 V I2C-bus input low voltage VIL –0.3 0.3 × VBUS V INT, I2C_SDA output low voltage VOL 0.1 × VBUS V 3 Proximity Characteristics (unless otherwise specified, Ta = 25°C, VDD = 2.8V) Parameter Min. Typ. Max. PS ADC Count Value (No Object) PS ADC Count Value (100 mm Distance Object) 47 Unit Test Conditions 0 5 counts 1. Dedicated duo power supply, VDD = 2.8V and VLED = 3V 2. R_LensShadingComp_EnH Register, 0x25 = 0x14 3. R_LED1_DAC_UB Register, 0x32 = 0x14 4. R_AE_Exposure_UB Register, 0x48 = 0x10 5. R_AE_Exposure_UB Register, 0x49 = 0x00 6. Open view (no glass) and no reflective object above the module. 56 65 counts 1. Dedicated duo power supply, VDD = 2.8V and VLED = 3V 2. Reflecting object – 73 mm × 83 mm Kodak 90% grey card, 100 mm distance 3. R_LensShadingComp_EnH Register, 0x25 = 0x14 4. R_LED1_DAC_UB Register, 0x32 = 0x14 5. R_AE_Exposure_UB Register, 0x48 = 0x10 6. R_AE_Exposure_UB Register, 0x49 = 0x00 7. Open view (no glass) above the module. AC Electrical Characteristics, VDD = 3 V, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) * Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Clock frequency (I2C-bus only) fSCL 10 400 kHz Bus free time between a STOP and START condition tBUF 1.3 – μs Hold time (repeated) START condition. After this period, the first clock pulse is generated tHDSTA 0.6 – μs Set-up time for a repeated START condition tSU;STA 0.6 – μs Set-up time for STOP condition tSU;STO 0.6 – μs Data hold time tHD;DAT 0 – ns Data set-up time tSU;DAT 100 – ns LOW period of the SCL clock tLOW 1.3 – μs HIGH period of the SCL clock tHIGH 0.6 – μs tf – 300 ns Clock/data rise time tr – 300 ns Input pin capacitance Ci – 10 pF Clock/data fall time * Specified by design and characterization; not production tested. t LOW tr V IH V IL SCL t HD;STA t HD;DAT t BUF t HIGH t SU;STA t SU;STO tSU;DAT V IH V IL SDA P Stop Condition S Start Condition Figure 1. Timing Diagrams 4 tf S P 5 1.4 4.5 1.3 4 1.2 3.5 Normalized IDD at 3V Normalized IDD at 25°C 1.5 1.1 1 0.9 3 2.5 2 0.8 1.5 0.7 1 0.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 0.5 –60 3.8 –40 –20 0 VDD (V) 20 40 60 80 100 Temperature (°C) Figure 2. Normalized IDD (Suspend) vs. VDD. Figure 3. Normalized IDD (Suspend) vs. Temperature. 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 Normalized IDD at 2.8V Normalized IDD at 2.8V 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 1.1 1 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 0.8 –60 100 –40 –20 0 Figure 4. Normalized IDD (Standby1) vs. Temperature. 60 80 100 1.1 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 Normalized Responsitivity Normalized Responsitivity 40 Figure 5. Normalized IDD (Standby2) vs. Temperature. 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Angle (°) Figure 6. Normalized LED Spectral Radiant Intensity. 5 20 Temperature (°C) VDD (V) 900 1000 1100 1200 0 –60 –40 –20 0 Angle (°) Figure 7. Normalized LED Angular Emitting Profile. 20 40 60 I2C-Bus Protocol The I2C-bus standard provides for three types of bus transactions: read, write, and a combined protocol. During a write operation, the first byte written is a command byte followed by data. In a combined protocol, the first byte written is the command byte followed by reading a series of bytes. If a read command is issued, the register address from the previous command is used for data access. Likewise, if the MSB of the command is not set, the device writes a series of bytes at the address stored in the last valid command with a register address. The command byte contains either control information or a 5-bit register address. The control commands can also be used to clear interrupts. Interface and control are accomplished through an I2Cbus serial compatible interface (standard or fast mode) to a set of registers that provide access to device control functions and output data. The devices support the 7-bit I2C-bus addressing protocol. The device supports a single slave address of 0×73 Hex using the 7-bit addressing protocol. A N P R S Sr W … Acknowledge (0) Not Acknowledged (1) Stop Condition Read (1) Start Condition Repeated Start Condition Write (0) Continuation of protocol Master-to-Slave Slave-to-Master The I2C-bus protocol was developed by Philips (now NXP). For a complete description of the I2C-bus protocol, review the NXP I2C-bus design specification at http:// www.i2c−bus.org/references/. 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 S Slave Address W A Register Address A Data A 1 ... P I2C-Bus Write Protocol 1 7 1 1 8 1 8 1 S Slave Address R A Data A Data A 1 ... P I2C-Bus Read Protocol 1 7 1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 S Slave Address W A Register Address A Sr Slave Address R A Data A I2C-Bus Read Protocol – Combined Format Figure 8. I2C-Bus Protocol. 6 8 1 Data A 1 ... P SPI Master Timing Characteristics SPI Timing Parameter Parameter Symbol Typ. (measured) Unit CLK clock frequency (fCLK = 1/tp) fCLK 24 MHz Low period of CLK clock tLOW 15.5 ns High period of CLK clock tHIGH 12.5 ns Data output valid time tV(MO) 20.3 ns Data output hold time tH(MO) 20.8 ns Rise time of CLK clock tr 8 ns Fall time of CLK clock tf 8 ns SPI_CSn tp SPI_CLK 90 % t HIGH 90 % 90 % 10 % 10 % tr 10 % tf t LOW t H(MO ) SPI_DATA BIT 7 MSB LSB t V (MO ) SPI Master Protocol SPI_MCLK SPI_CSn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 LSB MSB 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 LSB MSB 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SPI_CLK SPI_DATA PXD 1 MSB PXD 2 xxx = 900 for 30x30 (Frame subtraction mode) 7 PXDxxx LSB Power-On Sequence In the power-on sequence, the VBUS must be powered-on before VDD. After power-on, wait T1 μs for the APDS-9500 to stabilize, after which write slave ID (0x73) to process I2C wake-up. After T2 μs, write the initial settings and the different modes settings to APDS-9500. Lastly, enable APDS-9500 by writing Register Bank1, Addr0x72 with 0x01. The gesture data can now be accessed through the I2C bus. VBUS 0.9VBUS VDD 0.9VDD T1 T0 T2 I 2 C wake up command Write initial settings to APDS-9500 T 0 ≥ 0 μs T 1 > 700 μs T 2 > 400 μs Figure 9. Power-On Timing Diagram. Gesture Detection Operating State and State Machine When in gesture detection, the state machine of APDS-9500 is in Figure 14. Following is a detailed description of each state. Operation State (OP state) When in operation state, the gesture update rate is 120 Hz for Normal Mode and 240 Hz for Gaming Mode. The gesture result can be accessed by interrupt mechanism or by continuously polling the gesture detection interrupt flag (Register Bank 0, Addr0x43). Normal Mode: Gaming Mode: Gesture Speed 60°/s ~600°/s 60°/s ~1200°/s OP detection Gesture Detected LED pulse peak current OP detection Gesture Detected LED pulse LED pulse length Figure 10. Operation State (OP state) Diagram. 8 OP detection Gesture Detected Gesture Update Rate 120 Hz 240 Hz LED pulse length: 5~40 μs (by AE setting) Standby 1 State (S1 state) When in Standby1 state, the object detection rate equals S1, Response Factor multiplied by the gesture update rate of Normal Mode or Gaming Mode. Object Detecting Rate Normal Mode: (120 xS1, Response Factor) Hz , S1, Response Factor = 8.333/(0.0323 xIDLE S1 Step + 3.55) Gaming Mode: (240 xS1, Response Factor) Hz , S1, Response Factor = 4.167/(0.0323 xIDLE S1 Step +3.55) S1 detection No Object IDLE S 1 S1 detection No Object S1 detection No Object IDLE S 1 IDLE S 1 LED pulse LED pulse peak current LED pulse length: 5~40 μs (by AE setting) LED pulse length Figure 11. Standby 1 State (S1 state) Diagram. Standby 2 State (S2 state) When in Standby 2 state, the object detection rate equals S2, Response Factor multiplied by the gesture update rate of Normal Mode or Gaming Mode. Object Detecting Rate Normal Mode: (120 xS2, Response Factor) Hz , S2, Response Factor = 8.333/(0.0645 xIDLE S2 Step + 3.55) Gaming Mode: (240 xS2, Response Factor) Hz , S2, Response Factor = 4.167/(0.0645 xIDLE S2 Step +3.55) S2 Detection No Object S2 Detection No Object IDLE S 2 IDLE S 2 LED pulse LED pulse peak current LED pulse length: 5~40 μs (by AE setting) LED pulse length Figure 12. Standby 2 State (S2 state) Diagram. Suspend State (SUS state) To enter suspend state, disable the APDS-9500 by writing Register Bank 1. Then, write ADDR 0x72 with 0x00 and process the I2C suspend command by writing Register Bank 0, ADDR 0x03 with 0x01. To exit suspend state, process the I2C wake-up command by writing the slave ID. Then, enable the APDS-9500 by writing Register Bank 1, ADDR 0x72 with 0x01. 1. Disable APDS-9500 2. I2C suspend command Suspend Figure 13. Suspend State (SUS state) Diagram. 9 1. I2C wakeup command 2. Enable APDS-9500 OP Detection OP Detection Gesture Detected Gesture Detected State Machine 1. Disable APDS-9500 2. I2C suspend command Suspend State (SUS state) 1. Disable APDS-9500 2. I2C suspend command 1. Disable APDS-9500 2. I2C suspend command 1. I2C wakeup command 2. Enable APDS-9500 Operation State (OP state) Object detected Frames contain no object consecutively over OPtoS1 time second Object detected Standby 2 State (S2 state) Standby 1 State (S1 state) No object detected Frames contain no object consecutively over S1toS2 time second Note : OPtoS1 time = OPtoS1 step/120 at Normal Mode = OPtoS1 step/240 at Gaming Mode S1toS2 time = S1toS2 step/(60 × S1, Response Factor) at Normal Mode = S1toS2 step/(120 × S1, Response Factor) at Gaming Mode Figure 14. State Machine of Gesture Detection. 10 Image Mode Power-On Sequence After power-on, wait T1 μs for APDS-9500 to stabilize. Then, write slave ID (0x73) to process I2C wake-up. After T2 μs, write the initial settings. Lastly, enable APDS-9500 by writing Register Bank1, Addr0x72 with 0x01 and then enable the SPI output by writing Register Bank 1, ADDR 0x7E with 0x01. The image data can now be accessed through the SPI bus. VBUS 0.9VBUS VDD 0.9VDD T0 T1 T2 2 I C wake up command T 0 ≥ 0 μs T 1 > 700 μs T 2 > 400 μs Figure 15. Power-On Timing Diagram. 11 1. Write initial settings to APDS-9500 2. Enable APDS-9500 3. Enable SPI output 4. Image data access via SPI bus Timing of Output Image 30 x 30, Frame Subtraction Mode Report rate = 1/T T LED OFF frame LED ON frame LED OFF frame LED OFF frame LED ON frame LED OFF frame Frame Subtraction Frame Subtraction Dump 30 × 30 pixel data after frame subtraction Dump 30 × 30 pixel data after frame subtraction Figure 16. Timing of Output Image for 30 x 30 pixels. 60 x 60, Raw Data Mode Report rate = 1/T T LED OFF frame LED ON frame Dump 60 × 60 pixel data of LED OFF frame LED OFF frame Dump 60 × 60 pixel data of LED OFF frame Dump 60 × 60 pixel data of LED ON frame Figure 17. Timing of Output Image for 60 x 60 pixels. 12 LED OFF frame LED ON frame Dump 60 × 60 pixel data of LED OFF frame LED OFF frame Dump 60 × 60 pixel data of LED OFF frame Dump 60 × 60 pixel data of LED ON frame Suspend State To enter the suspend state, first disable the SPI output by writing Register Bank 1, ADDR 0x7E with 0x00. Secondly, disable APDS-9500 by writing Register Bank 1, ADDR 0x72 with 0x00. Then, process the I2C suspend command by writing Register Bank 0, ADDR 0x03 with 0x00. To exit the suspend state, first process the I2C wake-up command by writing the slave ID. Secondly, enable APDS-9500 by writing Register Bank 1, ADDR 0x72 with 0x01. Then, enable the SPI output by writing Register Bank 1, ADDR 0x7E with 0x01. 1. Disable SPI output (for Image Mode only) 2. Disable APDS-9500 3. I 2 C suspend command Suspend Figure 18. Suspend State (SUS State) Diagram. 13 1. I 2 C wakeup command 2. Enable APDS-9500 3. Enable SPI output (For Image Mode Only) OP Detection Gesture Detected OP Detection Gesture Detected Proximity Detection Mode See Figure 19 to set the PS hysteresis window and the interrupt mechanism of proximity detection. 8-bit PS data PS High Thd PS Low Thd PS Approach PS Int. Flag INT_N pin state Figure 19. Proximity Sensing Functional Diagram. When in proximity detection, the state machine of APDS-9500 is in Figure 21. Following is the detailed description of each state. Proximity Operation State (PS OP state) When in operation state, the update rate is 10 Hz and the LED on time is 8 μs. The LED peak current is 760 mA. One PS report period = 100 ms LED pulse on time = 8 μs Figure 20. Proximity Operation State (PS OP state) Diagram. Suspend State (SUS state) 1. I2C wakeup command 2. Enable APDS-9500 1. Disable APDS-9500 2. I2C suspend command PS Operation Gesture Detected Suspend Figure 21. Suspend State (SUS) Diagram. State Machine Suspend State (SUS state) 1. Disable APDS-9500 2. I2C suspend command 1. I2C wakeup command 2. Enable APDS-9500 Proximity Operation State (PS OP state) Figure 22. State Machine of Gesture Detection. 14 PS Operation Gesture Detected Register Bank Select Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0/1 R_RegBankSel 0xEF 0 0x00 R/W Register bank select 0: Register bank 0 1: Register bank 1 Image Size Setting Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0 R_ImageHeight 0xAA 5:0 0x1E R/W DSP image vertical size 0 R_ImageWidth 0xAB 5:0 0x1E R/W DSP image horizontal size 1 Cmd_HSize 0x00 5:0 0x1E R/W Horizontal size 1 Cmd_VSize 0x01 5:0 0x1E R/W Vertical size 1 Cmd_HStart 0x02 5:0 0x00 R/W Horizontal start point 1 Cmd_VStart 0x03 5:0 0x00 R/W Vertical start point 1 Cmd_ASkip_V 0x04 5 0x01 R/W Analog vertical skip 1 Cmd_ASkip_H 0x04 4 0x01 R/W Analog horizontal skip 1 Cmd_DAvg_V 0x04 3 0x00 R/W Digital vertical average 1 Cmd_VFlip 0x04 1 0x00 R/W Vertical flip 1 Cmd_HFlip 0x04 0 0x00 R/W Horizontal flip Setting 30x30 Pixels Image Output Mode Bank Register Name Addr Bits 2x Skip Mode 2x2 Average Mode WOI Mode 0 R_ImageHeight 0xAA 5:0 30 30 30 0 R_ImageWidth 0xAB 5:0 30 30 30 1 Cmd_HSize 0x00 5:0 30 30 30 1 Cmd_VSize 0x01 5:0 30 60 30 1 Cmd_HStart 0x02 5:0 0 0 15 1 Cmd_VStart 0x03 5:0 0 0 15 1 R_LS_Comp_DAvg_V 0x04 7 0 1 0 1 R_LS_Comp_DAvg_H 0x04 6 0 0 0 1 Cmd_ASkip_V 0x04 5 1 0 0 1 Cmd_ASkip_H 0x04 4 1 1 0 1 Cmd_DAvg_V 0x04 3 0 1 0 1 Cmd_DAvg_H 0x04 2 0 0 0 15 Hardware connection Module pin out #15 (SPI_MCLK) must be supplied with 24 MHz clock. Pin out for #4(SPI_Data), #5(SPI_CLK) and #16(SPI_ Csn) are SPI output signal for imaging data. Skip mode 1st, 3rd, 5th….pixels information are used for image formation; the information of 2nd, 4th, 6th….pixel are not used for image formation. 60 pixels 1 2 3 4 30 pixels 5 3 5 60 pixels 60 pixels 1 Average Mode 1st and 2nd pixels are averaged as 1-pixel information. Similarly, 3rd and 4th pixels are averaged as 1-pixel information. Hence a total of 60 × 60 pixels information are averaged to become 30 × 30 pixels information. A 1 B 2 3 C 4 5 30 pixels 6 B C 60 pixels 30 pixels A 60 pixels Crop Mode 60 × 60 pixels are cropped with the center 30 × 30 pixels being used for image formation. 60 pixels 16 30 pixels 60 pixels 30 pixels AE/AG Controls Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0 R_AELedOff_UB 0x46 7:0 0x60 R/W 0 R_AELedOff_LB 0x47 7:0 0x20 R/W 0 7:0 0x20 R/W 7:0 0x03 R/W 0 R_AE_Exposure_ 0x48 UB R_AE_Exposure_ 0x49 UB R_AE_Exposure_LB 0x4A 7:0 0xC8 R/W 0 R_AE_Exposure_LB 0x4B 7:0 0x00 R/W 0 0 0 R_AE_Gain_UB R_AE_Gain_LB R_AE_Gain_Step 0x4C 0x4D 0x4E 7:0 7:0 3:0 0x14 0x00 0x0A R/W R/W R/W 0 R_SleepAEAG_AutoDisable 0x4E 4 0x01 R/W 0 0x4F 6:0 0x14 R/W 0 R_AE_Gain_Default R_Exp_Sel Decrease exposure time, if AE_LED_Off_YAvg (Bank 0, Reg 0x58) > R_AELedOff_UB Increase exposure time, if AE_LED_Off_YAvg (Bank 0, Reg 0x58) < R_AELedOff_LB Low byte of auto exposure time up bound, exposure time (μs) = R_AE_Exposure_UB/4 High byte of auto exposure time up bound, exposure time (μs) = R_AE_Exposure_UB/4 Low byte of auto exposure time low bound, R_AE_Exposure_LB = R_AE_Exposure_UB/2 High byte of auto exposure time low bound, R_AE_Exposure_LB = R_AE_Exposure_UB / 2 Auto gain up bound, gain = 1 + R_AE_Gain_UB/16 Auto gain low bound, gain = 1 + R_AE_Gain_LB/16 Gain stage adjust step, new gain stage = current gain stage – R_AE_Gain_Step In sleep mode, if gain stage is at UB, disable wakeup AE mode Wake up AE mode : in sleep mode, AE/AG will be set to higher value Gain stage default value when AE is turned on 0x50 2:0 0x00 R/W 0 R_Manual_GG 0x51 0 0x01 R/W 0 R_Manual_Exposure 0x51 1 0x00 R/W 0 0x51 2 0x01 R/W 0 R_Manual_Exposure_Default R_AE_EnH 0x51 4 0x00 R/W 0 0 AG_stage_GG 0x54 Reg_ExposureNum 0x55 7:0 7:0 - R R 0 Reg_ExposureNum 0x56 7:0 - R 0 Reg_ggh 0x57 1:0 - R 0 Reg_global 0x57 7:4 - R 0 0 0 0 AE_LED_Off_YAvg AE_Dec AE_Inc AE_Normal_Factor 0x58 0x59 0x59 0x5A 7:0 0 1 2:0 - R R R R 1 1 R_global R_ggh 0x42 0x44 7:4 7:6 0x08 0x00 R/W R/W 0 17 At R_Manual_Exposure_Default = 1, exp = R_AE_Esposure_UP / 2R_Exp_Sel 1: Gain manual mode, ggh gain = R_ggh, global gain = R_ global 0 : Gain auto mode 1: Exposure manual mode, exposure time = R_AE_Exposure_ UB 0: Auto exposure mode Exp manual mode, exp = R_AE_Exposure_UP / 2R_Exp_Sel 1: AE Enable 0: AE Disable Gain stage, gain for analog = 2AG_stage_GG[7:4] Low byte of current exposure time, exposure time (μs) = Reg_ExposureNum/4 High byte of current exposure time, exposure time (μs) = Reg_ExposureNum/4 ggh gain 0: 1x 1: 2x 3: 4x Global gain 0: 1x 8: 2x Total gain = ggh × global = 2^AG_stage_GG[7:4] Off frame average brightness AE decrease identifier AE increase identifier AE normalize factor, DSP data = sensor image data × 2AE_Normal_Factor PGA global gain in gain manual mode PGA ggh gain in gain manual mode GPIO Setting Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0 0 0 0 Im_GPIO0 Tm_GPIO0_OEL Im_GPIO0_IEL R_GPIO0 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0 1 2 3 0x01 0x01 0x01 R R/W R/W W Bit[0]: GPIO0 status at input mode Bit[1]: 0: Set GPIO0 as output Bit[2]: 0: Set GPIO0 as input Bit[3]: GPIO0 default value at output mode To set GPIOX as input, X = 0~3 : Set: Tm_GPIOX_OEL = 1, Tm_GPIOX_IEB = 0 At this time, Im_GPIOX = GPIO status 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Im_GPIO1 Tm_GPIO1_OEL Im_GPIO1_IEL R_GPIO1 Im_GPIO2 Tm_GPIO2_OEL Im_GPIO2_IEL R_GPIO2 Im_GPIO3 Tm_GPIO3_OEL Im_GPIO3_IEL R_GPIO3 Im_INT Tm_INT_OEL Im_INT_IEL Tm_INT 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x80 0x81 0x81 0x81 0x81 0x81 0x81 0x81 0x81 0x82 0x82 0x82 0x82 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x00 0x01 0x01 R R/W R/W W R R/W R/W W R R/W R/W W R R/W R/W W To set GPIOX as Output, X = 0~3 : Set: Tm_GPIOX_OEL = 0, Tm_GPIOX_IEB = 1 At this time, Tm_GPIOX = R_GPIOX Bit[4]: GPIO1 status at input mode Bit[5]: 0: Set GPIO1 as output Bit[6]: 0: Set GPIO1 as input Bit[7]: GPIO1 default value at output mode Bit[0]: GPIO2 status at input mode Bit[1]: 0: Set GPIO2 as output Bit[2]: 0: Set GPIO2 as input Bit[3]: GPIO2 default value at output mode Bit[4]: GPIO3 status at input mode Bit[5]: 0: Set GPIO3 as output Bit[6]: 0: Set GPIO3 as input Bit[7]: GPIO3 default value at output mode Bit[0]: INT pin status Bit[1]: 0: Set INT as output Bit[2]: 0: Set INT as input Bit[3]: INT default value at output mode To set INT as Input : Set: Tm_INT_OEL = 1, Tm_INT_IEB = 0 At this time, Im_INT = INT_N Status To set INT as Output : Set: Tm_INT_OEL = 0, Tm_INT_IEB = 1 At this time, Tm_INT = INT_N 18 Interrupt Controls Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0 R_MCU_IntFlagGClr 0x40 1 0x01 R/W 1: Auto clean intflag_1 / Intflag_2 after I2C readout 0 R_MCU_IntFlagInv 0x40 4 0x00 R/W 1: INT pin high active 0: INT pin low active 0 R_Int_1_En 0x41 7:0 0xFF R/W If the corresponding bit is 1, the corresponding interrupt event is enabled Bit[0] Up Bit[1] Down Bit[2] Left Bit[3] Right Bit[4] Forward Bit[5] Backward Bit[6] Clockwise Bit[7] Counterclockwise 0 R_Int_2_En 0x42 7:0 0xFF R/W If the corresponding bit is as follows, the corresponding interrupt event is enabled: Bit[0] Wave, wave mode only Bit[1] Proximity, proximity mode only Bit[2] Has Object, cursor mode only Bit[3] Wake up trigger, trigger mode only Bit[4] N/A Bit[5] N/A Bit[6] N/A Bit[7] No Object, cursor mode only 0 IntFlag_1 0x43 7:0 - R When interrupt event happens, the corresponding bit is set to 1: Bit[0] Up Bit[1] Down Bit[2] Left Bit[3] Right Bit[4] Forward Bit[5] Backward Bit[6] Clockwise Bit[7] Counterclockwise 0 IntFlag_2 0x44 7:0 - R When interrupt event happens, the corresponding bit is set to 1: Bit[0] Wave, wave mode only Bit[1] Proximity, proximity mode only Bit[2] Has Object, cursor mode only Bit[3] Wake up trigger, trigger mode only Bit[4] N/A Bit[5] N/A Bit[6] N/A Bit[7] No Object, cursor mode only 19 Gesture Mode Controls Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0 R_LightThd 0x83 7:0 0x20 R/W 0 R_GestureStartTh 0x84 7:0 0x20 R/W 0 R_GestureStartTh 0x85 1:0 0x00 R/W 0 R_GestureEndTh 0x86 7:0 0x10 R/W 0 R_GestureEndTh 0x87 1:0 0x00 R/W 0 0 0 0 0 R_ObjectMinZ R_ObjectMaxZ R_ProcessResolution R_TimeDelayNum R_Disable45Degree 0x88 0x89 0x8C 0x8D 0x8E 4:0 5:0 5:4 7:0 0 0x05 0x18 0x03 0x00 0x00 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R_45DegreeRatio R_XtoYGain R_XYGainRatio R_NoMotionCountThd R_NoObjectCountThd R_NormalizedImageWidth R_XDirectionThd R_YDirectionThd R_ZDirectionThd R_ZDirectionXYThd 0x8E 0x8F 0x8F 0x90 0x91 0x92 0x93 0x94 0x95 0x96 7:4 0 7:4 6:0 6:0 4:0 4:0 4:0 4:0 4:0 0xF0 0x01 0x08 0x0C 0x06 0x1E 0x0D 0x0A 0x0C 0x0A R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 R_ZDirectionAngleThd 0x97 3:0 0x04 R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R_RotateAngleThd R_RotateContiEnH R_RotateContiThd R_RotateXYThd R_RotateZThd R_FilterWeight R_FilterDistThd R_StartDistThd 0x98 0x99 0x99 0x9A 0x9B 0x9C 0x9C 0x9D 5:0 0 5:1 4:0 4:0 1:0 6:2 3:0 0x0A 0x01 0x00 0x0A 0x0A 0x03 0x0A 0x03 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 0 R_EndDistThd 0x9D 6:4 0x03 R/W 0 0 0 0 0 R_RotateEnH R_ZDirectionEnH R_YDirectionEnH R_XDirectionEnH R_FilterImage 0x9F 0x9F 0x9F 0x9F 0xA5 4 5 6 7 0 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W If pixel > R_LightThd, it is taken as part of the object Example : Pixel array : [10 10 40 40 40 10], R_LightThd = 32 ≥ Object array: [0 0 40 40 40 0] Low byte of gesture start threshold, if object size > R_GestureStartTh, state machine goes to “Has Object” state High byte of gesture start threshold, if object size > R_GestureStartTh, state machine goes to “Has Object” state Low byte of gesture end threshold, if object size < R_GestureEndTh, state machine goes out of “Has Object” state High byte of gesture end threshold, if object size < R_GestureEndTh, state machine goes out of “Has Object” state Z direction minimum threshold Z direction maximum threshold Resolution of the gesture detection object Detection gap between this gesture and the next gesture 45 degree gesture detection 1: Disable 45 degree gesture detection Ratio to define 45 degree X and Y direction gain enable X and Y direction gain ratio “No Motion Counter Threshold” to quit “Has Motion” state “No Object Counter Threshold” to quit “Has Object” state Image normalized factor Gesture detection horizontal threshold Gesture detection vertical threshold Gesture detection z direction threshold Gesture detection x and y threshold to detect forward or backward Gesture detection angle threshold to detect forward or backward Gesture detection angle threshold to detect rotation Continuous rotation gesture detection enable Continuous rotation gesture detection angle threshold Gesture detection x and y threshold to detect rotation Gesture detection z threshold to detect rotation IIR filter weight between frame position distance IIR filter frame position distance threshold Object position difference between frames threshold to enter the process state Object position difference between frames threshold to quit the process state Rotate gesture detection enable Backward and forward gesture detection enable Up and down gesture detection enable Left and right gesture detection enable Refer to R_FilterAverage_Mode 20 0 R_FilterAverage_Mode 0xA5 3:2 0x00 R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R_UseLightWeight R_DiffAngleThd ObjectCenterX ObjectCenterX ObjectCenterY ObjectCenterY ObjectAvgY ObjectSize ObjectSize Gx Gy Gz GestureResult 0xA5 0xA9 0xAC 0xAD 0xAE 0xAF 0xB0 0xB1 0xB2 0xB3 0xB4 0xB5 0xB6 4 3:0 7:0 4:0 7:0 4:0 7:0 7:0 3:0 5:0 5:0 6:0 3:0 0x01 0x04 - R/W R/W R R R R R R R R R R R 0 State 0xB6 5:4 - R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 WaveCount AbortCount NoObjectCount NoMotionCount LightCount LightAcc LightAcc TimeAcc TimeAcc AngleAcc AngleAcc XGainValue YGainValue R_YtoZSum R_YtoZFactor R_PositionFilterLength R_ProcessFilterLength R_WaveCountThd R_WaveAngleThd R_AbortCountThd R_AbortXYRatio R_AbortLength R_AbortIntervalCountThd R_ConfirmMode 0xB7 0xB7 0xB8 0xB9 0xBA 0xBB 0xBC 0xBD 0xBE 0xC7 0xC8 0xCA 0xCB 0xCC 0xCD 0xCE 0xCE 0xCF 0xCF 0xD0 0xD0 0xD1 0xD2 0xD2 3:0 6:4 7:0 7:0 5:0 7:0 1:0 7:0 4:0 7:0 2:0 7:0 7:0 5:0 5:0 2:0 6:4 3:0 7:4 2:0 7:3 6:0 5:0 6 0x1A 0x0D 0x03 0x00 0x03 0x06 0x22 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W 21 0x0F 0x88 Image filter mode 0: Weak average 1: Strong average 2: 3 out of 9 median average Use pixel brightness as weight to calculate center enable Frame angle accumulation threshold Low byte of horizontal object center High byte of horizontal object center Low byte of vertical object center High byte of vertical object center Object brightness, maximum = 255 Low byte of object size, maximum = 900 High byte of object size, maximum = 900 Gesture x direction movement Gesture y direction movement Gesture z direction movement Gesture result 1: Up 2: Down 3: Left 4: Right 5: Forward 6: Backward 7: Clockwise 8: Counterclockwise 9: Wave 10: N/A DSP FSM state 0: Initial 1: Process 2: End Wave gesture counter Abort gesture counter No object counter No motion counter Bright object counter Low byte of object brightness accumulation High byte of object brightness accumulation Low byte of gesture time period High byte of gesture time period Low byte of gesture angle accumulation High byte of gesture angle accumulation 45 degree gesture detection x direction parameter 45 degree gesture detection y direction parameter Z direction mapping parameter Z direction mapping parameter IIR filter length for cursor object center IIR filter length for gesture object center Wave gesture counter threshold Wave gesture angle threshold Abort gesture counter threshold Abort gesture x and y direction ratio Abort gesture movement distance threshold Abort gesture gap duration threshold Confirm mode enable 0 0 R_WaveEnH PositionFilterCenterX 0xD2 0xD3 7 7:0 - R/W R 0 PositionFilterCenterX 0xD4 3:4 - R 0 PositionFilterCenterY 0xD4 7:4 - R 0 PositionFilterCenterY 0xD5 7:0 - R 0 PositionFilterAvgY 0xD6 7:0 - R 0 PositionFilterAvgY 0xD7 0 - R 0 0 0 PositionFilterSize PositionFilterSize ProcessFilterCenterX 0xD7 0xD8 0xDA 5:4 7:0 7:0 - R R R 0 ProcessFilterCenterX 0xDB 3:0 - R 0 ProcessFilterCenterY 0xDB 7:4 - R 0 ProcessFilterCenterY 0xDC 7:0 - R 0 ProcessFilterSize 0xD9 1:0 - R 0 0 ProcessFilterSize ProcessFilterAvgY 0xDD 0xD9 7:0 2 - R R 0 ProcessFilterAvgY 0xDE 7:0 - R 0 0 AbortIntervalCount AbortIntervalCount 0xD9 0xDF 5:4 7:0 - R R Wave gesture detection enable Low byte of horizontal object center after IIR filter for cursor mode High byte of horizontal object center after IIR filter for cursor mode High byte of vertical object center after IIR filter for cursor mode Low byte of vertical object center after IIR filter for cursor mode Low byte of object brightness after IIR filter for cursor mode High byte of object brightness after IIR filter for cursor mode High byte of object size after IIR filter for cursor mode Low byte of object size after IIR filter for cursor mode Low byte of horizontal object center after IIR filter for gesture detection High byte of horizontal object center after IIR filter for gesture detection High byte of vertical object center after IIR filter for gesture detection Low byte of vertical object center after IIR filter for gesture detection High byte of object size after IIR filter for gesture detection Low byte of object size after IIR filter for gesture detection High byte of object brightness after IIR filter for gesture detection Low byte of object brightness after IIR filter for gesture detection High byte of abort gesture gap duration Low byte of abort gesture gap duration Cursor Mode Controls Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0 R_CursorUseTop 0x32 0 0x01 R/W 0 R_CursorUseBGModel 0x32 1 0x00 R/W 0 0 0 R_CursorInvertY R_CursorInvertX R_ CursorTopRatio 0x32 0x32 0x32 2 3 5:4 0x00 0x01 0x02 R/W R/W R/W 0 R_PositionFilterStartSizeTh 0x33 7:0 0x01 R/W 1: Enable cursor center function If enabled, the cursor object information will involve R_CursorTopRatio for the calculation Refer to R_CursorTopRatio 1: If cursor center function is enabled, the cursor object information will involve background model for the calculation 1: Horizontal cursor center inverse 1: Vertical cursor center inverse Use the first R_CursorTopRatio / 8 part of the object to calculate center Example : If the original object size is 100, the cursor object size will be 25 at R_CursorTopRatio = 2, The cursor center will move from the center of the object to the upper 1/4 part Low byte As object size > R_PositionFilterStartSizeTh, use the object information after IIR filter for cursor 22 0 R_PositionFilterStartSizeTh 0x34 0 0x00 R/W 0 R_ProcessFilterStartSizeTh 0x35 7:0 0x01 R/W 0 R_PositionFilterStartSizeTh 0x36 0 0x00 R/W 0 R_CursorClampLeft 0x37 4:0 0x09 R/W 0 R_CursorClampRight 0x38 4:0 0x15 R/W 0 R_CursorClampUp 0x39 4:0 0x0A R/W 0 R_CursorClampDown 0x3A 4:0 0x12 R/W 0 0 0 0 0 CursorClampCenterX CursorClampCenterX CursorClampCenterY CursorClampCenterY R_Cursor_ObjectSizeTh 0x3B 0x3C 0x3D 0x3E 0x8B 7:0 3:0 7:0 3:0 7:0 0x00 0x7D 0x0F 0xA0 0x10 R R R R R/W 0 R_PositionResolution 0x8C 2:0 0x07 R/W 23 High byte As object size > R_PositionFilterStartSizeTh, use the object information after IIR filter for cursor Low byte As object size > R_ProcessFilterStartSizeTh, use the object information after IIR filter for gesture detection High byte As object size > R_ProcessFilterStartSizeTh, use the object information after IIR filter for gesture detection Minimum cursor horizontal center value, if data < R_CursorClampLeft, clamp at 0 else, clamp at data – (R_CursorClampLeft R_CursorClampRight, clamp at –1 Minimum cursor vertical center value, if data < R_CursorClampUp, clamp at 0 else, clamp at data – (R_CursorClampUp R_CursorClampDown, clamp at –1 Low byte of clamping center X High byte of clamping center X Low byte of clamping center Y High byte of clamping center Y Object size threshold for cursor mode, if cursor object size > R_Cursor_ObjectSizeTh, trigger cursor has object interrupt Cursor mode object resolution, Example : (x,y) = (1000,1000) at R_PositionResolution = 7, => real (x',y') = (1000 / 27,1000/27) = (7.8125,7.8125) which maps to 30×30 scale Proximity Mode Controls Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0 R_Prox_UB 0x69 7:0 0xC8 R/W Proximity up bound 0 R_Prox_LB 0x6A 7:0 0x40 R/W Proximity low bound 0 S_State 0x6B 7:0 - R PS approach state 1: Approach, (S_AvgY ≥ R_Pox_UB) 0: Not approach, (S_AvgY ≤ R_Pox_LB) (Only functional at proximity detection mode) 0 S_AvgY 0x6C 7:0 - R Proximity object average brightness Image Controls Bank Address Register Name Default Value R/W Description 0 0x5B Trigger 0x00 R/W Trigger mode use only, as setting to one, trigger IC to report one frame 1 0x77 R_SRAM_Read_EnH 0x00 R/W SRAM read enable, active high 1 0x7C R_SPIOUT_PXDNUM [7:0] 0x384 R/W SPI output pixel amount 1 0x7D R_SPIOUT_PXDNUM [15:8] 1 0x7E R_SPIOUT_CSN_MODE [1:0] 0x00 R/W Bit [3:2] 0: Follow TG_VsyncO 1: Follow IDLE time 2: Follow LED 3: Reserved 1 0x7E R_SPIOUT_EnH 0x00 R/W Bit[0] SPI output enable, active high R/W Background Controls Bank Register Name Addr Bits Default Value R/W Description 0 R_UseBGModel 0x9F 0 0x01 R/W Background model enable 0 R_BGUseDiffWeight 0x9F 1 0x00 R/W When calculating object center, use the weight between background and pixel 0 R_BGUpdateAtProcess 0x9F 2 0x00 R/W Update background at process state 0 R_BGUpdateMaxIntensity_En 0x9F 3 0x01 R/W Background up bound threshold enable 0 R_BGUpdateMaxIntensity 0xA0 7:0 0x03 R/W Background up bound threshold, if pixel data > R_BGUpdateMaxIntensity × 2, update this pixel to BG SRAM 0 R_BGFilterLengthUp 0xA1 1:0 0x01 R/W IIR filter weight of updating background not at process state, IIR Filter Out (X : previous data, X' : current date) = X × 2R_BGFilterLength – 1 + X'} / 2R_BGFilterLength 0 R_BGFilterLengthDown 0xA1 5:4 0x10 R/W IIR filter weight of updating background at process state 0 R_BGDiffThd 0xA2 5:0 0x08 R/W Only if the difference between BG and pixel > R_BGDiffThd, this will be taken as part of object 0 R_BGUpdateFreq 0xA3 7:0 0x00 R/W Low byte: Update background per this number frames 0 R_BGUpdateFreq 0xA4 1:0 0x03 R/W High byte: Update background per this number frames 0 R_BGResolution 0xA4 5:4 0x03 R/W Background resolution, BG data = pixel data 217°C 260°C >255°C 25°C to 260°C 3°C/s 100s to 180s 3°C/s –6°C/s –6°C/s 60s to 120s – 20s to 40s 8 minutes The reflow profile is a straight-line representation of a nominal temperature profile for a convective reflow solder process. The temperature profile is divided into four process zones, each with different ΔT/Δtime temperature change rates or durations. The ΔT/Δtime rates or durations are detailed in the above table. The temperatures are measured at the component to PC connections. In process zone P1, the PCB and component pins are heated to a temperature of 150°C to activate the flux in the solder paste. The temperature ramp up rate, R1, is limited to 3°C/s to allow for even heating of both the PCB and component pins. of solder to 260°C (500°F) for optimum results. The dwell time above the liquidus point of solder should be between 60 and 120 seconds. This assures proper coalescing of the solder paste into liquid solder and the formation of good solder connections. Beyond the recommended dwell time, the intermetallic growth within the solder connections becomes excessive, resulting in the formation of weak and unreliable connections. The temperature is then rapidly reduced to a point below the solidus temperature of the solder to allow the solder within the connections to freeze solid. Process zone P2 should be of sufficient time duration (100 to 180 seconds) to dry the solder paste. The temperature is raised to a level just below the liquidus point of the solder. Process zone P4 is the cool down after solder freeze. The cool down rate, R5, from the liquidus point of the solder to 25°C (77°F) should not exceed 6°C/s max. This limitation is necessary to allow the PC board and component pins to change dimensions evenly, putting minimal stresses on the component. Process zone P3 is the solder reflow zone. In zone P3, the temperature is quickly raised above the liquidus point It is not recommended to perform reflow soldering more than twice. For product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our web site: www.avagotech.com Broadcom, the pulse logo, Connecting everything, Avago Technologies, Avago, and the A logo are among the trademarks of Broadcom and/or its affiliates in the United States, certain other countries and/or the EU. The term “Broadcom” refers to Broadcom Limited and/or its subsidiaries. For more information, please visit www.broadcom.com. Data subject to change. Copyright ©2016 by Broadcom. All rights reserved. AV02-4584EN - October 5, 2016 Lead (Pb) Free RoHS 6 fully compliant RoHS 6 fully compliant options available; -xxxE denotes a lead-free product