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bq24085, bq24086, bq24087, bq24088
SLUS784E – DECEMBER 2007 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
bq2408x 750-mA Single-Chip Li-Ion and Li-Pol Charge Management IC
With Thermal Regulation
1 Features
3 Description
•
The bq2408x series are highly integrated Li-Ion and
Li-Pol linear chargers, targeted at space-limited
portable applications. The bq2408x series offers a
variety of protection features and functional options,
while still implementing a complete charging system
in a small package. The battery is charged in three
phases: conditioning, constant or thermally regulated
current, and constant voltage. Charge is terminated
based
on
minimum
current.
An
internal
programmable charge timer provides a backup
protection feature for charge termination and is
dynamically adjusted during the thermal regulation
phase. The bq2408x automatically restarts the charge
if the battery voltage falls below an internal threshold;
sleep mode is set when the external input supply is
removed. Multiple versions of this device family
enable easy design of the bq2408x in cradle chargers
or in the end equipment, while using low cost or highend AC adapters.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ideal for Low-Dropout Designs for Single-Cell LiIon or Li-Pol Packs in Space Limited Applications
Integrated Power FET and Current Sensor for up
to 750-mA Charge Applications
Reverse Leakage Protection Prevents Battery
Drainage
±0.5% Voltage Regulation Accuracy
Thermal Regulation Maximizes Charge Rate
Charge Termination by Minimum Current and
Time
Precharge Conditioning With Safety Timer
Status Outputs for LED or System Interface
Indicate Charge, Fault, and Power Good Outputs
Short-Circuit and Thermal Protection
Automatic Sleep Mode for Low Power
Consumption
Small 3×3 mm MLP Package
Selectable Battery Insertion and Battery Absent
Detection
Input Overvoltage Protection
– 6.5 V and 10.5 V Options
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
bq2408x
PACKAGE
VSON (10)
BODY SIZE (NOM)
3.00 mm × 3.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
2 Applications
•
•
PDA, MP3 Players, Digital Cameras
Internet Appliances and Handheld Devices
Typical Application Circuit
Li-Ion or Li-Pol
Battery Pack
bq24085
Input Power
1
RTMR
C3
4.7 mF
R1
1.5 kW
R2
1.5 kW
2
IN
TMR
49.9 kW
RED
GREEN
3
4
5
OUT
BAT
STAT 1
CE
STAT 2
PG
Vss
ISET
10
9
Pack+
C2
+
1 mF
Pack-
8
7
6
RSET
1.13 kW
Charge Enable
and Power Good
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
bq24085, bq24086, bq24087, bq24088
SLUS784E – DECEMBER 2007 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Device Options.......................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
5
5
5
5
6
8
8
9
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Timing Requirements ................................................
Dissipation Ratings ...................................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Detailed Description ............................................ 11
8.1 Overview ................................................................. 11
8.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 13
8.3 Feature Description................................................. 14
8.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 22
9
Application and Implementation ........................ 25
9.1 Application Information............................................ 25
9.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 25
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 29
11 Layout................................................................... 29
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 29
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 29
11.3 Thermal Considerations ........................................ 30
12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 31
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
Documentation Support .......................................
Related Links ........................................................
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
31
31
31
31
31
31
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 31
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision D (August 2009) to Revision E
•
2
Page
Added ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation
section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section .................................................................................................. 1
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Copyright © 2007–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: bq24085 bq24086 bq24087 bq24088
bq24085, bq24086, bq24087, bq24088
www.ti.com
SLUS784E – DECEMBER 2007 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
5 Device Options
CHARGE
INPUT
VOLTAGE OVERVOLTAGE
4.2 V
4.2 V
(1)
(2)
6.5 V
6.5 V
TERMINATION
ENABLE
SAFETY
TIMER
ENABLE
POWER
GOOD
STATUS
IC
ENABLE
PACK
TEMP
PACK
VOLTAGE
DETECTION
(ABSENT)
TMR pin
TMR pin
PG pin
No
TS pin
With timer
enabled
bq24086DRCR
No
With timer
enabled
bq24085DRCR
bq24087DRCR
bq24088DRCR
TMR pin
TMR pin
PG pin
CE pin
4.2 V
6.5 V
TE pin
TMR pin
No
CE pin
No
With
termination
enabled
4.2 V
10.5 V
TMR pin
TMR pin
PG pin
No
TS pin
With timer
enabled
DEVICES (1) (2)
bq24086DRCT
bq24085DRCT
bq24087DRCT
bq24088DRCT
The bq24085/6/7/8 are only available taped and reeled. Add suffix R to the part number for quantities of 3,000 devices per reel (for
example, bq24085DRCR). Add suffix T to the part number for quantities of 250 devices per reel (for example, bq24085/6/7DRCT).
This product is RoHS compatible, including a lead concentration that does not exceed 0.1% of total product weight, and is suitable for
use in specified lead-free soldering processes. In addition, this product uses package materials that do not contain halogens, including
bromine (Br) or antimony (Sb) above 0.1% of total product weight.
Copyright © 2007–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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Product Folder Links: bq24085 bq24086 bq24087 bq24088
3
bq24085, bq24086, bq24087, bq24088
SLUS784E – DECEMBER 2007 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
www.ti.com
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
bq24086 and bq24088 DRC Package
10-Pin VSON
Top View
1
IN
OUT
10
2
TMR
BAT
9
3
STAT 1
TS
8
4
STAT 2
PG
7
5
VSS
ISET
6
bq24085 DRC Package
10-Pin VSON
Top View
1
IN
OUT
10
2
TMR
BAT
9
3
STAT 1
CE
8
4
STAT 2
PG
7
5
VSS
ISET
6
bq24087 DRC Package
10-Pin VSON
Top View
1
IN
OUT
10
2
TMR
BAT
9
3
STAT 1
TE
8
4
STAT 2
CE
7
5
VSS
ISET
6
Pin Functions
PIN
I/O
DESCRIPTION
9
I
Battery voltage sense input. Connect to the battery positive terminal. Connect
a 390-Ω resistor from BAT to OUT for I(OUT) < 200 mA.
8
7
I
Charge enable input. CE = LO enables charger. CE = HI disables charger.
1
1
1
I
Charge input voltage and internal supply. Connect a 1-μF (minimum)
capacitor from IN to VSS. CIN ≥ COUT
ISET
6
6
6
O
Charge current set point, resistor connected from ISET to VSS sets charge
current value. Connect a 0.1-μF capacitor from BAT to ISET for I(OUT) < 200
mA.
OUT
10
10
10
O
Charge current output. Connect to the battery positive terminal. Connect a 1μF (minimum) capacitor from OUT to VSS.
PG
7
7
O
Power good status output (open-collector), active low.
STAT1
3
3
3
O
Charge status output 1 (open-collector, see Table 3).
STAT2
4
4
4
O
Charge status output 2 (open-collector, see Table 3).
TE
–
–
8
I
Termination enable input. TE = LO enables termination detection and battery
absent detection. TE = HI disables termination detection and battery absent
detection.
TMR
2
2
2
I
Safety timer program input, timer disabled if floating. Connect a resistor to
VSS pin to program safety timer timeout value.
TS
8
–
–
I
Temperature sense input, connect to battery pack thermistor. Connect an
external resistive divider to program temperature thresholds.
VSS
5
5
5
I
Ground
–
There is an internal electrical connection between the exposed thermal pad
and Vss pin of the IC. The exposed thermal pad must be connected to the
same potential as the VSS pin on the printed circuit board. Do not use the
thermal pad as the primary ground input for the IC. VSS pin must be
connected to ground at all times.
NAME
bq24086/8
bq24085
bq24087
BAT
9
9
CE
–
IN
Exposed
Thermal
Pad
4
Pad
Pad
Pad
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Copyright © 2007–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: bq24085 bq24086 bq24087 bq24088
bq24085, bq24086, bq24087, bq24088
www.ti.com
7
SLUS784E – DECEMBER 2007 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1)
MIN
MAX
UNIT
Supply voltage (IN with respect to Vss)
–0.3
20
V (2)
Input voltage on IN, STATx, PG, TS, CE, TMR (all with respect to Vss)
–0.3
V(IN)
V
Input voltage on OUT, BAT, ISET (all with respect to Vss)
–0.3
7
V
Output sink current (STATx) + PG
15
mA
Output current (OUT pin)
2
A
TA
Operating free-air temperature
–40
155
°C
TJ
Junction temperature
–40
150
°C
Tstg
Storage temperature
–65
150
°C
(1)
(2)
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute–maximum–rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
The bq24085/6/7/8 family can withstand up to 18 V maximum continuously, 20 V for maximum of 2000 hours and 26 V for a maximum
for 87 hours.
7.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1)
±3000
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101 (2)
±1500
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
MIN
MAX
UNIT
V(IN)
Supply voltage
Battery absent detection not functional
3.5
4.35
V
V(IN)
Supply voltage
Battery absent detection functional
4.35
6.5
V
R(TMR)
Safety timer program resistor
33
100
KΩ
TJ
Junction temperature
0
125
°C
7.4 Thermal Information
bq2408x
THERMAL METRIC
(1)
DRC (VSON)
UNIT
10 PINS
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
46.7
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
65.9
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
21.3
°C/W
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
1.6
°C/W
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
21.4
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
3.6
°C/W
(1)
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report, SPRA953.
Copyright © 2007–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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5
bq24085, bq24086, bq24087, bq24088
SLUS784E – DECEMBER 2007 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
www.ti.com
7.5 Electrical Characteristics
over recommended operating range, TJ = 0 –125°C range, See the Application and Implementation section, typical values at
TJ = 25°C (unless otherwise noted), RTMR = 49.9 KΩ
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP MAX
1.5
3
UNIT
POWER DOWN THRESHOLD – UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT
VUVLO
V(IN) = 0 V, increase V(OUT): 0 → 3 V OR
V(OUT) = 0 V, increase V(IN): 0 → 3 V,
CE = LO (1)
Power down threshold
V
INPUT POWER DETECTION (2)
VIN(DT)
VHYS(INDT)
Input power detection threshold
V(IN) detected at [V(IN) – V(OUT)] > VIN(DT)
Input power detection hysteresis
Input power not detected at
[V(IN) – V(OUT)] < [VIN(DT) – VHYS(INDT)]
130
30
mV
mV
INPUT OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
V(OVP)
Input overvoltage detection threshold
V(IN) increasing
VHYS(OVP)
Input overvoltage hysteresis
V(IN) decreasing
bq24088
bq24085/6/7
10.2
10.5
11.7
6.2
6.5
7
bq24088
0.5
bq24085/6/7
0.2
V(IN) = 6 V
100
V(IN) = 16.5 V
350
V
V
QUIESCENT CURRENT
200
ICC(CHGOFF)
IN pin quiescent current, charger off
Input power detected,
CE = HI
ICC(CHGON)
IN pin quiescent current, charger on
Input power detected, CE = LO, VBAT = 4.5 V
4
6
mA
IBAT(DONE)
Battery leakage current after
termination into IC
Input power detected, charge terminated,
CE = LO
1
5
μA
IBAT(CHGOFF)
Battery leakage current into IC, charger Input power detected, CE = HI OR
off
input power not detected, CE = LO
1
5
μA
μA
TS PIN COMPARATOR
V(TS1)
Lower voltage temperature threshold
Hot detected at V(TS) < V(TS1); NTC thermistor
29
30
31 %V(IN)
V(TS2)
Upper voltage temperature threshold
Cold detected at V(TS) > V(TS2); NTC thermistor
60
61
62 %V(IN)
Hysteresis
Temp OK at V(TS) > [ V(TS1) + VHYS(TS) ] OR
V(TS) < [ V(TS2) – VHYS(TS) ]
2
%V(IN)
VIL
Input (low) voltage
V(/CE)
0
VIH
Input (high) voltage
V(/CE)
2
VHYS(TS)
CE INPUT
STAT1, STAT2 AND PG OUTPUTS
VOL
1
V
V
(3)
Output (low) saturation voltage
Iout = 1 mA (sink)
200
mV
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
T(SHUT)
Temperature trip
Junction temperature, temp rising
T(SHUTHYS)
Thermal hysteresis
Junction temperature
155
°C
20
°C
4.20
V
VOLTAGE REGULATION (4)
VO(REG)
Output voltage
VO(TOL)
Voltage regulation accuracy
V(DO)
Dropout voltage, V(IN) – V(OUT)
CURRENT REGULATION
TA = 25°C
–0.5%
600
mV
750
mA
2.55
V
(5)
Output current range
V(BAT) > V(LOWV), IO(OUT) = I(OUT) = K(SET) ×
V(SET)/R(SET)
50
V(SET)
Output current set voltage
V(ISET) = V(SET), V(LOWV) < V(BAT) ≤ VO(REG)
2.45
6
1%
I(OUT) = 750 mA
IO(OUT)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
0.5%
–1%
2.5
Specified by design, not production tested.
CE = HI or LOW, V(IN) > 3.5 V
V(IN) ≥ VO(REG) + V(DO-MAX)
V(IN) ≥ VO(REG) + V(DO-MAX), I(TERM) < I(OUT) < IO(OUT), charger enabled, no fault conditions detected.
V(IN) > V(OUT) > V(DO-MAX), charger enabled, no fault conditions detected.
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Product Folder Links: bq24085 bq24086 bq24087 bq24088
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SLUS784E – DECEMBER 2007 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
over recommended operating range, TJ = 0 –125°C range, See the Application and Implementation section, typical values at
TJ = 25°C (unless otherwise noted), RTMR = 49.9 KΩ
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
K(SET)
Output current set factor
RISET
External resistor range
MIN
TYP MAX
100 mA ≤ IO(OUT) ≤ 750 mA
175
182
190
10 mA ≤ IO(OUT) < 100 mA
180
215
250
Resistor connected to ISET pin
0.6
10
UNIT
kΩ
PRECHARGE AND OUTPUT SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT REGULATION (6)
V(LOWV)
Precharge to fast-charge transition
threshold
V(BAT) increasing
2.8
2.95
3.15
V(SC)
Precharge to short-circuit transition
threshold
V(BAT) decreasing
1.2
1.4
1.6
V(SCIND)
Short-circuit indication
V(BAT) decreasing
1.6
1.8
2
IO(PRECHG)
Precharge current range
V(SC) < VI(BAT) < V(LOWV), t < t(PRECHG)
IO(PRECHG) = K(SET) × V(PRECHG)/R(ISET)
V(PRECHG)
Precharge set voltage
V(ISET) = V(PRECHG), V(SC) < VI(BAT) < V(LOWV),
t < t(PRECHG)
Output shorted regulation current
VSS ≤ V(BAT) ≤ V(SCI),
IO(SHORT) = I(OUT), V(BAT)= VSS,
Internal pullup resistor,
TJ = 25°C
IO(SHORT)
5
VPOR < VIN <
6.0 V
V
V
75
mA
mV
225
250
280
7
15
24
mA
6.0 V < VIN <
VOVP
15
TEMPERATURE REGULATION (Thermal regulation™) (7)
TJ(REG)
Temperature regulation limit
V(IN) = 5.5 V, V(BAT) = 3.2 V, Fast charge current
set to 1 A
I(MIN_TJ(REG))
Minimum current in thermal regulation
V(LOWV) < V(BAT) < VO(REG),
0.7 kΩ < R(ISET) < 1.18 kΩ
101
112
125
°C
105
125
mA
75
mA
CHARGE TERMINATION DETECTION (8)
I(TERM)
Termination detection current range
V(BAT) > V(RCH), I(TERM) = K(SET) × V(TERM)/R(ISET)
V(TERM)
Charge termination detection set
voltage (9)
V(BAT) > V(RCH)
5
225
250
275
mV
75
100
135
mV
2.5
3
3.5
V
1
2
3.2
mA
BATTERY RECHARGE THRESHOLD
V(RCH)
TIMERS
Recharge threshold detection
[VO(REG)–V(BAT) ] > V(RCH)
Charge timer and termination enable
threshold
Charge timer AND termination
disabled at: V(TMR) > VTMR(OFF)
bq24085/86/88
Charge timer enable threshold
Charge timer disabled at:
V(TMR) > VTMR(OFF)
bq24087
(10)
VTMR(OFF)
BATTERY DETECTION THRESHOLDS
IDET(DOWN)
Battery detection current (sink)
2 V < V(BAT) < VO(REG)
IDET(UP)
Battery detection current (source)
2 V < V(BAT) < VO(REG)
IO(PR
ECHG)
mA
TIMER FAULT RECOVERY
I(FAULT)
Fault Current (source)
OUTPUT CURRENT SAFETY LIMIT
I(SETSC)
V(OUT) < V(RCH)
0.8
V(ISET) = VSS
1.5
1.1
mA
(11)
Charge overcurrent safety
A
V(IN)–V(OUT) > V(DO-MAX) , V(IN) ≥ 4.5 V, charger enabled, no fault conditions detected, RTMR = 50 K or V(TMR)=OPEN; thermal
regulation loop not active.
(7) Charger enabled, no fault conditions detected.
(8) VO(REG) = 4.2 V, charger enabled, no fault conditions detected, thermal regulation loop not active, RTMR = 50 K or TMR pin open.
(9) The voltage on the ISET pin is compared to the V(TERM) voltage to determine when the termination should occur.
(10) CE = LO, charger enabled, no fault conditions detected, V(TMR) < 3 V, timers enabled.
(11) V(IN) ≥ 4.5 V, charger enabled, ISET shorted to GND.
(6)
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bq24085, bq24086, bq24087, bq24088
SLUS784E – DECEMBER 2007 – REVISED DECEMBER 2015
www.ti.com
7.6 Timing Requirements
over recommended operating range, TJ = 0 –125°C range, See the Application and Implementation section, typical values at
TJ = 25°C (unless otherwise noted), RTMR = 49.9 KΩ
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
POWER DOWN THRESHOLD – UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT
tDGL(PG)
Deglitch time on power good
INPUT POWER DETECTION
V(IN) = 0 V → 5 V in 1 μs to
PG:HI → LO
2
ms
(1)
tDGL(NOIN)
Delay time, input power not detected
status (2)
PG: LO →HI after tDGL(NOIN)
tDLY(CHGOFF)
Charger off delay
Charger turned off after tDLY(CHGOFF), Measured
from PG: LO → HI; Timer reset after tDLY(CHGOFF)
μs
10
25
ms
INPUT OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
tDGL(OVDET)
Input overvoltage detection delay
CE = HI or LO, Measured from V(IN) > V(OVP) to
PG: LO → HI; VIN increasing
100
μs
tDGL(OVNDET)
Input overvoltage not detected delay (2)
CE = HI or LO, Measured from V(IN) < V(OVP)
to PG: HI → LO; V(IN) decreasing
100
μs
VOLTAGE AND CURRENT REGULATION TIMING (3)
tPWRUP(CHG)
Input power detection to full charge
current time delay
Measured from PG:HI → LO to I(OUT) > 100 mA,
CE = LO, IO(OUT) = 750 mA, V(BAT) = 3.5 V
25
ms
tPWRUP(EN)
Charge enable to full charge current
delay
Measured from CE:HI → LO to I(OUT) >100 mA,
IO(OUT) = 750 mA, V(BAT)= 3.5 V, V(IN) = 4.5 V,
Input power detected
25
ms
tPWRUP(LDO)
Input power detection to voltage
regulation delay, LDO mode set, no
battery or load connected
Measured from PG:HI → LO to V(OUT) > 90% of
charge voltage regulation;
V(TMR) = OPEN, LDO mode set, no battery and
no load at OUT pin, CE = LO
25
ms
V(ISET) decreasing
50
ms
Deglitch time, recharge detection
V(BAT) decreasing
350
ms
t(CHG)
Charge safety timer range
t(CHG) = K(CHG) × RTMR ; thermal loop not active
K(CHG)
Charge safety timer constant
V(BAT) > V(LOWV)
0.08
t(PCHG)
Pre-charge safety timer range
t(PCHG) = K(PCHG) × t(CHG) ; Thermal regulation
loop not active
1080
K(PCHG)
Pre-charge safety timer constant
V(BAT) < V(LOWV)
0.08
CHARGE TERMINATION DETECTION (4)
tDGL(TERM)
Deglitch time, termination detected
BATTERY RECHARGE THRESHOLD
tDGL(RCH)
TIMERS (5)
3
0.1
0.1
10
hours
0.12
hr/kΩ
3600
s
0.12
BATTERY DETECTION THRESHOLDS
t(DETECT)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2 V < V(BAT) < VO(REG), Thermal regulation loop
not active; RTMR = 50 kΩ, IDET(down) or IDET (UP)
Battery detection time
125
ms
CE = HI or LOW, V(IN) > 3.5 V
Specified by design, not production tested.
V(IN) > V(OUT) + V(DO-MAX), charger enabled, no fault conditions detected, RTMR = 50 K or V(TMR) = OPEN; thermal regulation loop not
active.
VO(REG) = 4.2 V, charger enabled, no fault conditions detected, thermal regulation loop not active, RTMR = 50 K or TMR pin open.
CE = LO, charger enabled, no fault conditions detected, V(TMR) < 3 V, timers enabled.
7.7 Dissipation Ratings (1)
(1)
8
PACKAGE
θJC (°C/W)
θJA (°C/W)
10-pin DRC
3.21
46.87
This data is based on using the JEDEC High-K board and the exposed die pad is connected to a copper pad on the board. This is
connected to the ground plane by a 2×3 via matrix.
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7.8 Typical Characteristics
Measured using the typical application circuit shown previously.
25
450
Safety Timer Duration
Charge Current - mA
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
20
15
10
5
50
0
0
0
0
80
40
120
Actual Charge Current
due to thermal regulation - mA
Die Temperature (oC)
Figure 2. DTC Operation
405
40.45
404
Charge Current - mA
Charge Current - mA
Figure 1. Thermal Regulation
40.5
40.4
40.35
40.3
85°C
40.25
25°C
40.2
40.15
0°C
403
402
401
399
85°C
397
396
2.40
2.60
2.80
395
3
3
3.20
Battery Voltage - V
3.40
3.60
3.80
4
Battery Voltage - V
Figure 3. Pre-Charge Current vs Battery Voltage
Figure 4. Fast-Charge Current vs Battery Voltage
195
230
V(BAT) = 2.5 V
V(BAT) = 4.1 V
220
KSET - mA/mA
KSET - mA/mA
25°C
398
40.1
2.20
0°C
400
40.05
40
2
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
160
190
185
V(BAT) = 3.5 V
210
200
190
180
180
0
200
400
600
800
0
20
40
60
80
Fast-Charge Current - mA
Pre-Charge Current - mA
Figure 5. KSET Linearity vs Fast-Charge Current
Figure 6. KSET Linearity vs Pre-Charge Current
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Measured using the typical application circuit shown previously.
V(DO) - Droput Voltage - V
600
IO = 750 mA
400
200
0
0
50
100
150
TA - Temperature - °C
Figure 7. Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The charge current is programmable using external components (RISET resistor). The charge process starts when
an external input power is connected to the system, the charger is enabled by CE = LO and the battery voltage is
below the recharge threshold, V(BAT) < V(RCH). When the charge cycle starts a safety timer is activated, if the
safety timer function is enabled. The safety timer timeout value is set by an external resistor connected to TMR
pin.
When the charger is enabled two control loops modulate the battery switch drain to source impedance to limit the
BAT pin current to the programmed charge current value (charge current loop) or to regulate the BAT pin voltage
to the programmed charge voltage value (charge voltage loop). If V(BAT) < V(LOWV) (3 V typical) the BAT pin
current is internally set to 10% of the programmed charge current value.
A typical charge profile for an operation condition that does not cause the IC junction temperature to exceed
TJ(REG), (112°C typical), is shown in Figure 8.
VO(REG)
PreConditioning
Phase
Voltage Regulation and
Charge Termination
Phase
Current
Regulation
Phase
DONE
IO(OUT)
FAST-CHARGE
CURRENT
Battery Current,
I(BAT)
Battery Voltage,
V(BAT)
v(LOWV)
Charge
Complete
Status,
Charger
Off
IO(PRECHG), I(TERM)
PRE-CHARGE
CURRENT AND
TERMINATION
THRESHOLD
T(PRECHG)
T(CHG)
DONE
Figure 8. Charging Profile With TJ(REG)
If the operating conditions cause the IC junction temperature to exceed TJ(REG), the charge cycle is modified, with
the activation of the integrated thermal control loop. The thermal control loop is activated when a internal junction
temperature monitoring voltage is lower than a fixed, temperature stable internal voltage. The junction
temperature monitoring voltage is inversely proportional to the IC junction temperature. The thermal loop
overrides the other charger control loops and reduces the charge current until the IC junction temperature returns
to TJ(REG), effectively regulating the IC junction temperature.
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Overview (continued)
IN
VREF
VTJ
Thermal
Loop
BATTERY
SWITCH
I(BAT)
OUT
I(BAT) / K(SET)
ISET
V(BAT)
VO(REG)
System Voltage
Regulation Loop
BAT
Figure 9. Thermal Regulation Circuit
A modified charge cycle, with the thermal loop active, is shown in Figure 10.
VO(REG)
PreConditioning
Phase
Thermal
Regulation
Phase
Current
Regulation
Phase
Voltage Regulation and
Charge Termination
Phase
DONE
IO(OUT)
Battery Current,
I(BAT)
FAST-CHARGE
CURRENT
PRE-CHARGE
CURRENT AND
TERMINATION
THRESHOLD
Battery
Voltage,
V(BAT)
Charge
Complete
Status,
Charger
Off
VO(LOWV)
IO(PRECHG),I(TERM)
T(THREG)
temperature , Tj
T(PRECHG)
T(CHG)
DONE
Figure 10. Charge Profile, Thermal Loop Active
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8.2 Functional Block Diagram
BACKGATE BIAS
V(IN)
I(OUT)
OUT
IN
V(OUT)
PRE_CHARGE
IOUT) / K(SET)
ISET
VO(REG)
V(ISET)
I(DETECT)
V(IN)
V(SET)
V(PRECHG)
I(FAULT )
TJ
BATTERY ABSENT DETECTION
AND SHORT RECOVERY
T J(REG)
CHG ENABLE
V(IN)
Dynamically
Controlled
Oscillator
V(SET) , V(PRECHG)
+
- V
OC
TDGL(CHOVC)
Deglitch
TMR
+
V(IN)
VTMR(OFF)
TDGL(INDT)
Deglitch
Over_current
+
+
V(IN)
-
V(OUT)+VIN(DT )
Input Power
Detected
TS
Timer
Fault
+
V(IN)
Timer
V(IN)
Disable
+
V(OVP)
BAT
+
V (RCH)
-
TDGL(OVP)
Deglitch
Input Over-Voltage
TDGL(RCH)
Deglitch
Recharge
Precharge
+
V(LOW)
V (TERM )
V(ISET)
POR
Suspend
Thermal
Shutdown
Internal
Voltage
References
CE
CHARGE
CONTROL,
TIMER and
DISPLAY LOGIC
PG
+
-
REFERENCE
AND
BIAS
STAT1
TDGL(TERM)
Deglitch
Terminate
STAT2
VSS
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8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 Control Logic Overview
An external host can enable or disable the charging process by using a dedicated control pin, CE. A low-level
signal on this pin enables the charge, and a high-level signal disables the charge. The bq24085/6/7/8 is in standby mode with CE = HI. When the charger function is enabled (CE = LO) a new charge is initiated.
Table 1 describes the charger control logic operation. In bq24085/6/7/8, the pack temperature status is internally
set to OK without the TS pin.
Table 1. Control Logic Functionality
bq24085/6/7/8
OPERATION
MODE
CE
INPUT
POWER
TIMER
FAULT
(latched)
OUTPUT
SHORT
CIRCUIT
TERMINATION
(latched)
PACK
TEMP
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
POWER
DOWN
CHARGER
POWER
STAGE
POWER
DOWN
LO
Low
X
X
X
X
X
Yes
OFF
SLEEP
X
Not
Detected
X
X
X
X
X
No
OFF
OFF
STANDBY
SEE STATE
DIAGRAM
CHARGING
HI
Detected
X
X
X
X
X
No
LO
Detected
X
Yes
X
X
X
No
LO
Detected
No
No
Yes
X
X
No
LO
Detected
Yes
No
No
X
X
No
IFAULT
LO
Detected
No
No
Yes
Absent
TJ < TSHUT
No
IDETECT
LO
Detected
No
No
No
Hot or
Cold
TJ < TSHUT
No
OFF
LO
Detected
No
No
No
Ok
TJ < TSHUT
No
OFF
LO
Over
Voltage
No
No
No
Ok
TJ < TSHUT
No
OFF
LO
Detected
No
No
No
Ok
TJ < TSHUT
No
ON
OFF
In both STANDBY and SUSPEND modes the charge process is disabled. In the STANDBY mode all timers are
reset; in SUSPEND mode the timers are held at the count stored when the suspend mode was set.
The timer fault, termination and output short circuit variables shown in the control logic table are latched in the
detection circuits, outside the control logic. Refer to the Pre-Charge Timer, Dynamic Timer Function, Charge
Safety Timer, Charge Termination Detection and Recharge, and Short-Circuit Protection sections for additional
details on how those latched variables are reset.
8.3.2 Temperature Qualification (Applies Only to Versions With TS Pin Option)
The bq24085/6/7/8 devices continuously monitor the battery temperature by measuring the voltage between the
TS and VSS pins. The IC compares the voltage on the TS pin against the internal V(TS1) and V(TS2) thresholds to
determine if charging is allowed. Once a temperature outside the V(TS1) and V(TS2) thresholds is detected, the IC
immediately suspends the charge. The IC suspends charge by turning off the power FET and holding the timer
value (that is, timers are NOT reset). Charge is resumed when the temperature returns to the normal range.
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VIN
Charge Suspend
VCOLD(TS2)
0.6 x VIN
VHOT(TS1)
0.3 x VIN
Normal Temperature
Charge Range
Charge Suspend
Figure 11. Battery Temperature Qualification With NTC Thermistor
The external resistors RT1 and RT2 (see Figure 18) enable selecting a temperature window. If RTC and RTH are
the thermistor impedances for the Cold and Hot thresholds the values for RT1 and RT2 can be calculated as
follows for a NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistor. Solve for RT2 first and substitute into RT1
equation. RTC and RTH can be found in the NTC thermistor datasheet specification.
2.5RTCRTH
RT2 =
RTC - 3.5RTH
(1)
RT1 =
7 RTHRT2
3 [RTH + RT2 ]
(2)
Applying a fixed voltage, 1/2 Vin (50% resistor divider from Vin to ground), to the TS pin to disable the
temperature sensing feature.
8.3.3 Input Overvoltage Detection, Power Good Status Output
The input power detection status for pin IN is shown at the open collector output pin PG.
Table 2. Input Power Detection Status
INPUT POWER DETECTION (IN)
PG STATE
NOT DETECTED
High impedance
DETECTED, NO OVERVOLTAGE
LO
DETECTED, OVERVOLTAGE
High impedance
The bq24085/6/7/8 detects an input overvoltage when V(IN) > V(OVP). When an overvoltage protection is detected
the charger function is turned off and the bq24085/6/7/8 is set to standby mode of operation. Since the OVP
detection is not latched, the IC returns to normal operation when fault condition is removed.
8.3.4 Charge Status Outputs
The open-collector STAT1 and STAT2 outputs indicate various charger operations as shown in Table 3. These
status pins can be used to drive LEDs or communicate to the host processor.
NOTE
OFF indicates the open-collector transistor is turned off. When termination is disabled
(TMR pin floating, or TE = Hi for bq24087) the Done state is not available; the status LEDs
indicate fast charge if V(BAT) > V(LOWV) and precharge if V(BAT) < V(LOWV). The available
output current is a function of the OUT pin voltage, See Figure 16.
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Table 3. Charge Status (1)
Charge State
STAT1
STAT2
ON
ON
Fast charge in progress
ON
OFF
Done (termination enabled only)
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
Precharge in progress
Charge Suspend (temperature)
Timer Fault
Charger off
Selected Input power overvoltage detected
Battery absent
Batteryshort
(1)
Pulse loading on the OUT pin may cause the IC to cycle between Done and charging states (LEDs
Flashing)
8.3.5 Battery Charging: Constant Current Phase
The bq24085/6/7/8 family offers on-chip current regulation. The current regulation is defined by the value of the
resistor connected to ISET pin.
During a charge cycle the fast charge current IO(OUT) is applied to the battery if the battery voltage is above the
V(LOWV) threshold (2.95 V typical):
V(SET ) ´ K (SET )
I (OUT ) = IO(OUT ) =
R
ISET
where
•
K(SET) is the output current set factor and V(SET) is the output current set voltage.
(3)
During a charge cycle if the battery voltage is below the V(LOWV) threshold a pre-charge current I(PRECHG) is
applied to the battery. This feature revives deeply discharged cells.
V(PRECHG) ´ K (SET ) IO(OUT )
I (OUT ) = I(PRECHG) =
:
R
10
ISET
where
•
K(SET) is the output current set factor and V(PRECHG) is the precharge set voltage.
(4)
At low constant current charge currents, less than 200 mA, TI recommends that a 0.1-μF capacitor be placed
between the ISET and BAT pins to insure stability.
8.3.6 Charge Current Translator
When the charge function is enabled, internal circuits generate a current proportional to the charge current at the
ISET pin. This current, when applied to the external charge current programming resistor RISET generates an
analog voltage that can be monitored by an external host to calculate the current sourced from the OUT pin.
R
V (ISET ) = I (OUT )´ ISET
K (SET )
(5)
8.3.7 Battery Voltage Regulation
The battery pack voltage is sensed through the BAT pin, which is tied directly to the positive side of the battery
pack. The bq24085/6/7/8 monitors the battery pack voltage between the BAT and VSS pins. When the battery
voltage rises to VO(REG) threshold, the battery charging enters the voltage regulation phase, and charging current
begins to taper down. The voltage regulation threshold VO(REG) is fixed by an internal IC voltage reference.
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8.3.8 Pre-Charge Timer
The bq24085/6/7/8 family activates an internal safety timer during the battery pre-conditioning phase. The charge
safety timer time-out value is set by the external resistor connected to TMR pin, RTMR, and the timeout constants
K(PCHG) and t(CHG) :
t(PCHG) = K(PCHG) × t(CHG)
(6)
The pre-charge timer operation is detailed in Table 4.
Table 4. Pre-Charge Timer Operational Modes
bq24085/6/7/8 MODE
V(OUT) > V(LOWV)
PRE-CHARGE TIMER MODE
X
RESET
CHARGING
Yes
RESET
SUSPEND (TS out of range)
Yes
RESET
SUSPEND (TS out of range)
No
Hold
CHARGING, TMR PIN NOT OPEN
No
COUNTING, EXTERNAL PROGRAMMED RATE
X
RESET
STANDBY (CE = Hi)
CHARGING, TMR PIN OPEN
In SUSPEND mode the pre-charge timer is put on hold (that is, pre-charge timer is not reset). Once normal
operation resumes when the timer returns to the normal operating mode (COUNTING). If V(BAT) does not reach
the internal voltage threshold V(LOWV) within the pre-charge timer period, a fault condition is detected. The
charger is then turned off, and the pre-charge safety timer fault condition is latched.
When the pre-charge timer fault latch is set the charger is turned off. Under these conditions a small current
IFAULT is applied to the OUT pin, as long as input power (IN) is detected AND V(OUT) < V(LOWV), as part of a timer
fault recovery protocol. This current allows the output voltage to rise above the pre-charge threshold V(LOWV),
resetting the pre-charge timer fault latch when the pack is removed. Table 5 further details the pre-charge timer
fault latch operation.
Table 5. Pre-Charge Timer Latch Functionality
PRE-CHARGE TIMER FAULT ENTERED WHEN
PRE-CHARGE TIMER FAULT LATCH RESET AT
CE rising edge or OVP detected
Pre-charge timer timeout AND V(OUT) < V(LOW V)
Input power removed (not detected)
Timer function disabled
8.3.9 Thermal Protection Loop
An internal control loop monitors the bq24085/6/7/8 junction temperature (TJ) to ensure safe operation during
high power dissipations and increased ambient temperatures. This loop monitors the bq24085/6/7/8 junction
temperature and reduces the charge current as necessary to keep the junction temperature from exceeding,
TJ(REG), (112°C, typical).
The bq24085/6/7/8's thermal loop control can reduce the charging current down to approximately 105 mA if
needed. If the junction temperature continues to rise, the IC will enter thermal shutdown.
8.3.10 Thermal Shutdown And Protection
Internal circuits monitor the junction temperature, TJ, of the die and suspends charging if TJ exceeds an internal
threshold T(SHUT) (155°C typical). Charging resumes when TJ falls below the internal threshold T(SHUT) by
approximately 20°C.
8.3.11 Dynamic Timer Function
The charge and pre-charge safety timers are programmed by the user to detect a fault condition if the charge
cycle duration exceeds the total time expected under normal conditions. The expected charge time is usually
calculated based on the fast charge current rate.
When the thermal loop is activated the charge current is reduced, and bq24085/6/7/8 activates the dynamic timer
control. The dynamic timer control is an internal circuit that slows down the safety timer's clock frequency. The
dynamic timer control circuit effectively extends the safety time duration for either the precharge or fast charge
timer modes. This minimizes the chance of a safety timer fault due to thermal regulation.
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The bq24085/6/7/8 dynamic timer control (DTC) monitors the voltage on pin ISET during pre-charge and fast
charge, and if in thermal regulation slows the clock frequency proportionately to the change in charge current.
The time duration is based on a 224 ripple counter, so slowing the clock frequency is a real time correction. The
DTC circuit changes the safety timers clock period based on the V(SET)/V(ISET) ratio (fast charge) or
V(PRECHG)/V(SET) ratio (pre-charge). Typical safety timer multiplier values relative to the V(SET)/V(ISET) ratio is shown
in Figure 12 and Figure 13.
The device deglitch timers are set by the same oscillators as the safety and precharge timers. In thermal
regulation, the timers are scaled appropriately, see Figure 2.
CHARGE TIMER INTERNAL CLOCK
PERIOD MULTIPLICATION FACTOR
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
5
4
3
2
V(SET)/V(ISET) - V
Figure 12. Safety Timer Linearity
Internal Clock Period Multiplication Factor
45
RTMR = 70 kW
T(CHG) - Safety Timer - Hours
40
35
30
RTMR = 50 kW
25
20
RTMR = 30 kW
15
10
5
0
0
1
2
3
VSET/VISET - V
4
5
6
Figure 13. bq24085/6/78 Safety Timer Linearity for RTMR Values
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160
Core Oscillator Frequency - kHz
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
30
40
60
50
ITMR Current - mA
70
80
90
Figure 14. bq24085/6/7/8 Oscillator Linearity vs ITMR
RTMR 30 KΩ – 100 KΩ
8.3.12 Charge Termination Detection and Recharge
The charging current is monitored during the voltage regulation phase. Charge termination is indicated at the
STATx pins (STAT1 = Hi-Z; STAT2 = Low ) once the charge current falls below the termination current threshold
I(TERM). A deglitch period tDGL(TERM) is added to avoid false termination indication during transient events.
Charge termination is not detected if the charge current falls below the termination threshold as a result of the
thermal loop activation. Termination is also not detected when charger enters the suspend mode, due to
detection of invalid pack temperature or internal thermal shutdown.
Table 6 describes the termination latch functionality.
Table 6. Termination Latch Functionality
TERMINATION DETECTED LATCHED WHEN
TERMINATION LATCH RESET AT
CE rising edge or OVP detected
I(OUT) < I(TERM) AND t > tDGL(TERM) AND V(OUT) > V(RCH)
New charging cycle started; see state diagram
Termination disabled
The termination function is DISABLED:
1. In bq24085/6/7/8 the termination is disabled when the TMR pin is left open (floating).
2. In bq24087, leaving the TMR pin open (floating) does not disable the termination. The only way to disabled
termination in bq24087 is to have TE = high.
3. Thermal regulation or thermal shutdown.
4. Invalid battery pack temperature (TS fault).
8.3.13 Battery Absent Detection – Voltage Mode Algorithm
The bq24085/6/7/8 provides a battery absent detection scheme to reliably detect insertion and removal of battery
packs. The detection circuit applies an internal current to the battery terminal, and detects battery presence
based on the terminal voltage behavior. Figure 15 has a typical waveform of the output voltage when the battery
absent detection is enabled and no battery is connected.
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5
VO - Output Voltage - V
4.50
4
3.50
3
2.50
2
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
t - Time - s
Figure 15. Battery-Absent Detection Waveforms
The battery absent detection function is disabled if the voltage at the BAT pin is held above the battery recharge
threshold, V(RCH), after termination detection. When the voltage at the BAT pin falls to the recharge threshold,
either by connection of a load to the battery or due to battery removal, the bq24085/6/7/8 begins a battery absent
detection test. This test involves enabling a detection current, IDET(DOWN), for a period of t(DETECT) and checking to
see if the battery voltage is below the pre-charge threshold, V(LOWV). Following this, the precharge current,
IDET(UP) is applied for a period of t(DETECT) and the battery voltage checked again to be above the recharge
threshold.
Passing both of the discharge and charging tests (battery terminal voltage being below the pre-charge and above
the recharge thresholds on the battery detection test) indicates a battery absent fault at the STAT1 and STAT2
pins. Failure of either test starts a new charge cycle. For the absent battery condition, the voltage on the BAT pin
rises and falls between the V(LOWV) and VO(REG) thresholds indefinitely. See the Operational Flow Chart,
Figure 17, for more details on this algorithm. If it is desired to power a system load without a battery, TI
recommends to float the TMR pin which puts the charger in LDO mode (disables termination).
The battery absent detection function is disabled when the termination is disabled.
After termination, the bq24085/6/7/8 provides a small battery leakage current, IBAT(DONE) (1 μA typical), to pull
down the BAT pin voltage in the event of battery removal. If the leakage on the OUT pin is higher than this
pulldown current, then the voltage at the pin remains above termination and a battery-absent state will not be
detected. This problem is fixed with the addition of a pulldown resistor of 2 MΩ to 4 MΩ from the OUT pin to
VSS. A resistor too small (< 2 MΩ) can cause the OUT pin voltage to drop below the V(LOWV) threshold before the
recharge deglitch (typical 25 ms) expires, causing a fault condition. In this case, the bq24085/6/7/8 provides a
fault current (typical 750 μA) to pull the pin above the termination threshold.
8.3.14 Charge Safety Timer
As a protection mechanism, the bq24085/6/7/8 has a user-programmable timer that monitors the total fast charge
time. This timer (charge safety timer) is started at the beginning of the fast charge period. The safety charge
timeout value is set by the value of an external resistor connected to the TMR pin (RTMR); if pin TMR is left open
(floating) the charge safety timer is disabled.
Use Equation 7 to calculate the charge safety timer time-out value:
t(CHG) = [K(CHG) × R(TMR)]
(7)
The safety timer operation modes are shown in Table 7
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Table 7. Charge Safety Timer Operational Modes
V(OUT) > V(LOWV)
CHARGE SAFETY TIMER MODE
STANDBY
bq24085/6/7/8
X
RESET
CHARGING
No
RESET
SUSPEND
No
RESET
SUSPEND
Yes
SUSPEND
CHARGING, TMR PIN NOT OPEN
Yes
COUNTING
X
RESET
CHARGING, TMR PIN OPEN
In SUSPEND mode, the charge safety timer is put on hold (that is, charge safety timer is not reset), normal
operation resumes when the TS fault is removed and the timer returns to the normal operating mode
(COUNTING). If charge termination is not reached within the timer period, a fault condition is detected. Under
those circumstances, the LED status is updated to indicate a fault condition and the charger is turned off.
When the charge safety timer fault latch is set and the charger is turned off, a small current IFAULT is applied to
the OUT pin, as long as input power (IN) is detected AND V(OUT) < V(RCHG), as part of a timer fault recovery
protocol. This current allows the output voltage to rise above the recharge threshold V(RCHG) if the pack is
removed, and assures that the charge safety timer fault latch is reset if the pack is removed and re-inserted.
Table 8 further details the charge safety timer fault latch operation.
Table 8. Charge Safety Timer Latch Functionality
CHARGE SAFETY TIMER FAULT ENTERED
CHARGE SAFETY TIMER FAULT LATCH RESET AT
CE rising edge, or OVP detected
V(OUT) > V(LOW V)
Input power removed (not detected)
New charging cycle started; see state diagram
8.3.15 Short-Circuit Protection
The internal comparators monitor the battery voltage and detect when a short circuit is applied to the battery
terminal. If the voltage at the BAT pin is less than the internal threshold V(SCIND) (1.8 V typical), the STAT pins
indicate a fault condition (STAT1 = STAT2 = Hi-Z). When the voltage at the BAT pin falls below a second internal
threshold V(SC) (1.4 V typical), the charger power stage is turned off. A recovery current, I(SHORT) (15 mA typical),
is applied to the BAT pin, enabling detection of the short circuit removal. The battery output current versus
battery voltage is shown in the graph, Figure 16.
1200
RISET at 840 W
Battery Current - mA
1000
800
600
400
200
0
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Battery Voltage - V
Figure 16. bq24085/6/7/8 Short Circuit Behavior
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See the Application and Implementation section for additional details on start-up operation with V(BAT) < V(SC).
8.3.16 Startup With Deeply Depleted Battery Connected
The bq24085/6/7/8 charger furnishes the programmed charge current if a battery is detected. If no battery is
connected the bq24085/6/7/8 operates as follows:
• The output current is limited to 15 mA (typical), if the voltage at BAT pin is below the short circuit detection
threshold V(SC), 1.8 V typical.
• The output current is regulated to the programmed pre-charge current if V(SC) < V(BAT) < V(LOWV).
• The output current is regulated to the programmed fast charge current If V(BAT) > V(LOWV) AND voltage
regulation is not reached.
The output voltage collapses if no battery is present and the end equipment requires a bias current larger than
the available charge current.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Power Down
The bq24085/6/7/8 family is in a power-down mode when the input power voltage (IN) is below the power-down
threshold V(PDWN). During the power-down mode all IC functions are off, and the host commands at the control
pins are not interpreted. The integrated power MOSFET connected between IN and OUT pins is off, the status
output pins STAT1 and STAT2 are set to high impedance mode and PG output is set to the high impedance
state.
8.4.2 Sleep Mode
The bq24085/6/7/8 enters the sleep mode when the input power voltage (IN) is above the power-down threshold
V(PDWN) but still lower than the input power detection threshold, V(IN) < V(OUT) + VIN(DT).
During the sleep mode the charger is off, and the host commands at the control pins are not interpreted. The
integrated power mosfet connected between IN and OUT pins is off, the status output pins STAT1 and STAT2
are set to the high impedance state and the PG output indicates input power not detected.
The sleep mode is entered from any other state, if the input power (IN) is not detected.
8.4.3 Overvoltage Lockout
The input power is detected when the input voltage V(IN) > V(OUT) + VIN(DT). When the input power is detected
the bq24085/6/7/8 transitions from the sleep mode to the power-on-reset mode. In this mode of operation, an
internal timer T(POR) is started and internal blocks are reset (power-on-reset). Until the timer expires, the STAT1
and STAT2 outputs indicate charger OFF, and the PG output indicates the input power status as not detected.
At the end of the power-on-reset delay, the internal comparators are enabled, and the STAT1, STAT2 and PG
pins are active.
8.4.4 Stand-By Mode
In the bq24085/6/7/8, the stand-by mode is started at the end of the power-on-reset phase, if the input power is
detected and CE = HI. In the stand-by mode, selected blocks in the IC are operational, and the control logic
monitors system status and the control pins to define if the charger will be set to ON or OFF mode. The
quiescent current required in stand-by mode is 100 μA typical.
If the CE pin is not available, the bq24085/6/7/8 enters the begin charge mode at the end of the power-on-reset
phase.
8.4.5 Begin Charge Mode
All blocks in the IC are powered up, and the bq24085/6/7/8 is ready to start charging the battery pack. A new
charge cycle is started when the control logic decides that all conditions required to enable a new charge cycle
are met. During the begin charge phase all timers are reset, then the IC enters the charging mode.
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Device Functional Modes (continued)
8.4.6 Charging Mode
When the charging mode is active, the bq24085/6/7/8 executes the charging algorithm, as described in the
Operational Flow Chart, Figure 17.
8.4.7 Suspend Mode
The suspend mode is entered when the pack temperature is not within the valid temperature range. During the
suspend mode, the charger is set to OFF, but the timers are not reset.
The normal charging mode resumes when the pack temperature returns to the valid temperature range.
8.4.8 LDO Mode Operation
The LDO Mode (TMR pin open circuit) disables the charging termination circuit, disables the battery detect
routine and holds the safety timer clock in reset. This is often used for operation without a battery or in
production testing. This mode is different than a typical LDO since it has different modes of operation, and
delivers less current at lower output voltages. See Figure 16 for the output current versus the output voltage.
NOTE
A load on the output prior to powering the device may keep the part in short-circuit mode.
Also, during normal operation, exceeding the programmed fast charge level causes the
output to drop, further restricting the output power, and soon ends up in short-circuit
mode.
Operation with a battery or keeping the average load current below the programmed current level prevents this
type of latch up. The OUT pin current can be monitored through the ISET pin. If the device is in LDO mode and
battery is absent, TI recommends to use a 350-Ω feedback resistor between the BAT and OUT pins.
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Device Functional Modes (continued)
8.4.9 State Machine Diagram
CHARGING
RECHARGE
DETECTION
No
V(TS) >V(TS2) OR
V(TS) < V( TS1)
VI(BAT ) < V(RCH )
Yes
Suspend
Set Charge Off,
Stop timers,
Keep timer count,
STATn=Hi-Z
V(TS) < V(TS2) AND
V(TS) > V( TS1)
V(OUT) V(RCH)?
Stand-by
/CE=HI OR
V(IN)>V( OVP)
STATn set to HI-Z,
update /PG status,
enable control logic
Yes AND
termination
enabled
Yes
/CE=LO AND
[V(BAT)+V(INDT) ]
< V(IN) <
V( OVP)
No
Enable IFAULT
current
Termination
No
Indicate
Termination
Yes
T (POR)
Expired?
V(OUT)
> V(RCH )?
Yes
No
Power-on-reset
Turn off charger ,
STATn and PG
set to HI-Z,
reset timers
Begin Charge
Disable IFAULT
current
Reset ALL TImers
V(IN) > V(POR) AND
V(IN) > V(OUT)+VIN(DT)
FAULT
RECOVERY
Sleep
[V(IN) -V(OUT)] <
[VIN(DT) - VHYS(INDT) ]
Turn off charger ,
STATn , /PG set to
HI-Z , monitor
input power
Done
Turn off charger ,
Indicate
Charge done
Reset timers
V(IN) > V(POR)
V(IN) < V (POR)
Power down
All IC functions off
STATn and PG
set to HI-Z
START -UP
ANY
STATE
Figure 17. Operational Flow Chart
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9 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application Information
The bq24085/6/7/8 series are highly integrated Li-Ion and Li-Pol linear chargers, targeted at space-limited
portable applications. The battery is charged in three phases: conditioning, constant or thermally regulated
current, and constant voltage. An internal programmable charge timer provides a backup protection feature for
charge termination and is dynamically adjusted during the thermal regulation phase.
9.2 Typical Applications
The typical application diagrams shown here are configured for 400 mA fast charge current, 40 mA pre-charge
current, 5 hour safety timer and 30 min pre-charge timer.
9.2.1 bq24086 and bq24088 Typical Application
bq24086
bq24088
Input Power
1
RTMR
C3
4.7 mF
R1
R2
1.5 kW 1.5 kW
2
IN
3
GREEN
4
5
OUT 10
TMR
BAT 9
STAT 1
TS 8
49.9 kW
RED
Li-Ion or Li-Pol
Battery Pack
STAT 2
Vss
PG
Pack+
2.2 mF
Pack-
RT1
10 kW
7
ISET 6
R ISET
1.13 kW
+
C2
R8
TEMP
RT2
33.2 kW
Power
Good
Figure 18. bq24086 and bq24088 Application Schematic
9.2.1.1 Design Requirements
• Supply voltage = 5 V
• Safety timer duration of 5 hours for fast charge
• Fast charge current of approximately 400 mA
• Battery temp sense is not used
9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
9.2.1.2.1 Selecting Input and Output Capacitor
In most applications, all that is needed is a high-frequency decoupling capacitor on the input power pin. A 1-μF
ceramic capacitor, placed in close proximity to the IN pin and GND pad, works fine. In some applications,
depending on the power supply characteristics and cable length, it may be necessary to increase the input filter
capacitor to avoid exceeding the IN pin maximum voltage rating during adapter hot plug events.
The bq2408x, at low charge currents, requires a small output capacitor for loop stability. A 0.1-μF ceramic
capacitor placed between the BAT and ISET pad is typically sufficient.
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Typical Applications (continued)
9.2.1.2.2 Using Adapters With Large Output Voltage Ripple
Some low cost adapters implement a half rectifier topology, which causes the adapter output voltage to fall below
the battery voltage during part of the cycle. To enable operation with low cost adapters under those conditions
the bq2408x family keeps the charger on for at least 25 msec (typical) after the input power puts the part in sleep
mode. This feature enables use of external low cost adapters using 50-Hz networks.
The backgate control circuit prevents any reverse current flowing from the battery to the adapter terminal during
the charger off delay time.
NOTE
The PG pin is not deglitched, and it indicates input power loss immediately after the input
voltage falls below the output voltage. If the input source frequently drops below the output
voltage and recovers, a small capacitor can be used from PG to VSS to prevent PG
flashing events.
9.2.1.2.3 Calculations
Program the charge current for 400 mA:
R(ISET) = [V(SET) × K(SET) / I(OUT)]
where
•
•
from the Electrical Characteristics table. . . V(SET) = 2.5 V
from the Electrical Characteristics table. . . K(SET) = 182
R(ISET) = [2.5 V × 187 / 0.4 A] = 1137 Ω
(8)
(9)
Selecting the closest standard value, use a 1.13-kΩ resistor connected between ISET (pin 6) and ground.
Program 5-hour safety timer timeout:
R(TMR) = [T(CHG) / K(CHG)]
where
• from the Electrical Characteristics table. . . K(CHG) = 0.1 hr / kΩ
K(TMR) = [5 hrs / (0.1 hr / kΩ)] = 50 kΩ
(10)
(11)
Selecting the closest standard value, use a 49.9-kΩ resistor connected between TMR (pin 2) and ground.
Disable the temp sense function:
A constant voltage between VTS1 and VTS2 on the TS input disables the temp sense function.
from the Electrical Characteristics table. . . V(TS1) = 30% × VIN
from the Electrical Characteristics table. . . V(TS2) = 61% × VIN
A constant voltage of 50% × Vin disables the temp sense function, so a divide-by-2 resistor divider
connected between Vin and ground can be used. Two 1-MΩ resistors keeps the power dissipated in this
divider to a minimum.
For a 0 to 45°C range with a Semitec 103AT thermistor, the thermistor values are 4912 at 45°C and 27.28 k at
0°C. RT1 (top resistor) and RT2 (bottom resistor) are calculated in Equation 12:
2.5 RTCRTH
2.5 (27.28k) (4.912k)
RT2 =
=
= 33.2k
RTC - 3.5RTH
27.28k - 3.5(4.912k)
RT1 =
26
7 RTHRT2
7 (4.921k) (33.2k)
=
= 10k
3 (RTH + RT2 ) 3 (4.921k + 33.2k)
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Typical Applications (continued)
PIN
COMPONENTS
IN
In most applications, the minimum input capacitance needed is a 0.1-μF ceramic decoupling
capacitor near the input pin connected to ground (preferably to a ground plane through vias).
The recommended amount of input capacitance is 1 μF or at least as much as on the output
pin. This added capacitance helps with hot plug transients, input inductance and initial
charge transients.
OUT
There is no minimum value for capacitance for this output, but TI recommends to connect a
1-μF ceramic capacitor between OUT and ground. This capacitance helps with termination,
and cycling frequency between charge done and refresh charge when no battery is present.
It also helps cancel out any battery lead inductance for long leaded battery packs. TI also
recommends to put as much ceramic capacitance on the input as the output so as not to
cause a drop out of the input when charging is initiated.
ISET/BAT
For stability reasons, it may be necessary to put a 0.1-μF capacitor between the ISET and
BAT pin..
STAT1/2 and PG Optional (LED STATUS – See below, Processor Monitored; or no status)
STAT1
Connect the cathode of a red LED to the open-collector STAT1 output, and connect the
anode of the red LED to the input supply through a 1.5-kΩ resistor that limits the current.
STAT2
Connect the cathode of a green LED to the open-collector STAT2 output, and connect the
anode of the green LED to the input supply through a 1.5-kΩ resistor that limits the current.
PG
Connect the cathode of an LED to the open-collector PG output, and connect the anode of
the LED to the input supply through a 1.5-kΩ resistor to limit the current.
800
7
700
VIN
Voltage - V
6
600
500
5
400
4
IBAT
3
300
Voltage - V
8
Charge Current - mA
9.2.1.3 Application Curves
VIN
PG
200
2
VPG
100
1
0
0
0
5
10 15
20 25 30 35
40 45 50
t - Time - ms
t - Time - mS
Figure 19. Input OVP Recovery Transients
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Figure 20. PG Deglitch Time
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Typical Applications (continued)
9.2.2 bq24085 Typical Application
Figure 21 illustrates the typical application circuit for bq24085.
Li-Ion or Li-Pol
Battery Pack
bq24085
Input Power
1
RTMR
C3
4.7 mF
R1
1.5 kW
R2
1.5 kW
2
IN
OUT
TMR
49.9 kW
3
RED
GREEN
4
5
BAT
STAT 1
CE
STAT 2
PG
Vss
ISET
10
Pack+
+
C2
9
1 mF
Pack-
8
7
6
RSET
1.13 kW
Charge Enable
and Power Good
Figure 21. bq24085 Application Schematic
9.2.2.1 Design Requirements
Follow the design requirements in bq24086 and bq24088 Typical Application.
9.2.3 bq24087 Typical Application
Figure 22 shows the typical application circuit for bq24087.
Li-Ion or Li-Pol
Battery Pack
bq24087
Input Power
1
RTMR
C3
4.7 mF
R1
1.5 kW
R2
1.5 kW
2
IN
TMR
49.9 kW
RED
GREEN
3
4
5
OUT
BAT
STAT 1
TE
STAT 2
CE
Vss
ISET
10
Pack+
C2
9
+
1 mF
Pack-
8
7
6
RSET
1.13 kW
Charge and
Termination Enable
Figure 22. bq24087 Application Schematic
9.2.3.1 Design Requirements
Follow the design requirements in bq24086 and bq24088 Typical Application.
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10 Power Supply Recommendations
The devices are designed to operate from an input voltage supply range between 3.5 V and 6.5 V and current
capability of at least the maximum designed charge current. This input supply should be well regulated. If located
more than a few inches from the bq24085/6/7/8 IN and GND terminals, a larger capacitor is recommended.
11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
It is important to pay special attention to the PCB layout. The following provides some guidelines:
• To obtain optimal performance, the decoupling capacitor from IN to GND (thermal pad) and the output filter
capacitors from OUT to GND (thermal pad) should be placed as close as possible to the bq2408x, with short
trace runs to both IN, OUT and GND (thermal pad).
• All low-current GND connections should be kept separate from the high-current charge or discharge paths
from the battery. Use a single-point ground technique incorporating both the small signal ground path and the
power ground path.
• The high current charge paths into IN pin and from the OUT pin must be sized appropriately for the maximum
charge current in order to avoid voltage drops in these traces.
• The bq2408x family are packaged in a thermally enhanced MLP package. The package includes a thermal
pad to provide an effective thermal contact between the IC and the printed circuit board (PCB); this thermal
pad is also the main ground connection for the device. Connect the thermal pad to the PCB ground
connection. Full PCB design guidelines for this package are provided in the application note entitled:
QFN/SON PCB Attachment Application Note, SLUA271.
11.2 Layout Example
Needs to be sized
properly
COUT/BAT
GND
CIN
Figure 23. bq2408x PCB Layout
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11.3 Thermal Considerations
The bq2408x family is packaged in a thermally enhanced MLP package. The package includes a thermal pad to
provide an effective thermal contact between the IC and the printed circuit board (PCB). Full PCB design
guidelines for this package are provided in the application note entitled: QFN/SON PCB Attachment Application
Note, SLUA271.
The most common measure of package thermal performance is thermal impedance (θJA ) measured (or
modeled) from the chip junction to the air surrounding the package surface (ambient). Use Equation 13 as the
mathematical expression for θJA:
T - TA
q(JA) = J
P
where
•
•
•
TJ = chip junction temperature
TA = ambient temperature
P = device power dissipation
(13)
Factors that can greatly influence the measurement and calculation of θJA include:
• Whether or not the device is board mounted
• Trace size, composition, thickness, and geometry
• Orientation of the device (horizontal or vertical)
• Volume of the ambient air surrounding the device under test and airflow
• Whether other surfaces are in close proximity to the device being tested
The device power dissipation, P, is a function of the charge rate and the voltage drop across the internal
PowerFET. Use Equation 14 to calculate the device power dissipation when a battery pack is being charged:
P = [V(IN) – V(OUT)] × I(OUT)
(14)
Due to the charge profile of Li-Ion batteries the maximum power dissipation is typically seen at the beginning of
the charge cycle when the battery voltage is at its lowest. See the charging profile, Figure 8.
If the board thermal design is not adequate the programmed fast charge rate current may not be achieved under
maximum input voltage and minimum battery voltage, as the thermal loop can be active effectively reducing the
charge current to avoid excessive IC junction temperature.
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12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Documentation Support
12.1.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation see the following:
User's Guide, bq24085/6/7/8 Evaluation Module, SLUU305
12.2 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 9. Related Links
PARTS
PRODUCT FOLDER
SAMPLE & BUY
TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS
TOOLS &
SOFTWARE
SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
bq24085
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
bq24086
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
bq24087
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
bq24088
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
12.3 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
12.4 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
12.6 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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10-Dec-2020
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
BQ24085DRCR
ACTIVE
VSON
DRC
10
3000
RoHS & Green
Call TI | NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CDV
BQ24085DRCT
ACTIVE
VSON
DRC
10
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CDV
BQ24086DRCR
ACTIVE
VSON
DRC
10
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CDW
BQ24086DRCT
ACTIVE
VSON
DRC
10
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CDW
BQ24087DRCR
ACTIVE
VSON
DRC
10
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CDX
BQ24087DRCT
ACTIVE
VSON
DRC
10
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CDX
BQ24088DRCR
ACTIVE
VSON
DRC
10
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CHE
BQ24088DRCT
ACTIVE
VSON
DRC
10
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
0 to 125
CHE
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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