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bq24230, bq24232
SLUS821J – OCTOBER 2008 – REVISED MAY 2017
bq2423x USB-Friendly Lithium-Ion Battery Charger And Power-Path Management IC
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fully Compliant USB Charger
– Selectable 100-mA and 500-mA Maximum
Input Current
– 100-mA Maximum Current Limit Ensures
Compliance to USB-IF Standard
– Input-based Dynamic Power Management
(VIN- DPM) for Protection Against Poor USB
Sources
28-V Input Rating With Overvoltage Protection
Integrated Dynamic Power-Path Management
(DPPM) Function Simultaneously and
Independently Powers the System and Charges
the Battery
Supports up to 500-mA Charge Current With
Current Monitoring Output (ISET)
Programmable Input Current Limit up to 500 mA
for Wall Adapters
Programmable Termination Current (bq24232)
Programmable Precharge and Fast-Charge Safety
Timers
Reverse Current, Short-Circuit, and Thermal
Protection
NTC Thermistor Input
Proprietary Start-Up Sequence Limits Inrush
Current
Status Indication – Charging/Done, Power Good
Small 3 mm × 3 mm 16-Lead QFN Package
The battery is charged in three phases: conditioning,
constant current, and constant voltage. In all charge
phases, an internal control loop monitors the IC
junction temperature and reduces the charge current
if the internal temperature threshold is exceeded.
The charger power stage and charge current sense
functions are fully integrated. The charger function
has high-accuracy current and voltage regulation
loops, charge status display, and charge termination.
The input current limit and charge current are
programmable using external resistors.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE
bq24230
2 Applications
•
•
Bluetooth™ Devices
Low-Power Handheld Devices
3.00 mm × 3.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the datasheet.
Typical Application Circuit
1 kΩ
3 Description
9
CHG
IN
7
Adaptor
PGOOD
1 kΩ
13
DC
SYSTEM
OUT 10
11
1mF
GND
4.7mF
8
VSS
15
TD
bq24230
EN2
5
BAT
2
3
TS
1
4.7mF
CE
TMR
EN1
ILIM
4
6
12
PACK+
14
The bq2423x series of devices are highly integrated
Li-ion linear chargers and system power-path
management devices targeted at space-limited
portable applications. The devices operate from either
a USB port or ac adapter and support charge
currents between 25 mA and 500 mA. The high-inputvoltage range with input overvoltage protection
supports low-cost, unregulated adapters. The USB
input current limit accuracy and start-up sequence
allow the bq2423x to meet USB-IF inrush current
specification. Additionally, the input dynamic power
management (VIN-DPM) prevents the charger from
crashing poorly designed or incorrectly configured
USB sources.
BODY SIZE (NOM)
VQFN (16)
bq24232
ISET
•
1
The
bq2423x
features
dynamic
power-path
management (DPPM) that powers the system while
simultaneously and independently charging the
battery. The DPPM circuit reduces the charge current
when the input current limit causes the system output
to fall to the DPPM threshold, thus supplying the
system load at all times while monitoring the charge
current separately. This feature reduces the number
of charge and discharge cycles on the battery, allows
for proper charge termination, and enables the
system to run with a defective or absent battery pack.
Additionally, this enables instant system turn-on even
with a totally discharged battery. The power-path
management architecture also permits the battery to
supplement the system current requirements when
the adapter cannot deliver the peak system currents,
enabling the use of a smaller adapter.
TEMP
16
1 Features
2.94 kΩ
4.32 kΩ
PACK-
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
bq24230, bq24232
SLUS821J – OCTOBER 2008 – REVISED MAY 2017
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Device Comparison Table.....................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
8
1
1
1
2
5
5
7
Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 7
ESD Ratings.............................................................. 7
Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 7
Thermal Information ................................................. 8
Electrical Characteristics........................................... 8
Timing Requirements .............................................. 11
Typical Characteristics ............................................ 12
Detailed Description ............................................ 14
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Overview .................................................................
Functional Block Diagram .......................................
Feature Description.................................................
Device Functional Modes........................................
14
15
16
22
9
Application and Implementation ........................ 29
9.1 Application Information............................................ 29
9.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 29
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 35
10.1 Requirements for OUT Output .............................. 35
10.2 USB Sources and Standard AC Adapters ............ 35
10.3 Half-Wave Adapters .............................................. 35
11 Layout................................................................... 35
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 35
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 36
11.3 Thermal Package .................................................. 36
12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 37
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
Documentation Support ........................................
Related Links ........................................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
37
37
37
37
37
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 37
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision I (November 2015) to Revision J
•
Page
Changed from "Table 2" to "Table 1" in the Pin Functions Description column for pins EN2/EN1........................................ 5
Changes from Revision H (June 2015) to Revision I
Page
•
Changed the Pin Functions ISET pin description resistor value from 3-kΩ to 1.8-kΩ, to match the value in the
Recommended Operating Conditions table. .......................................................................................................................... 6
•
Changed KTMR MIN TYP MAX values FROM "30, 40, 50" TO "36, 48, 60" s/kΩ, respectively, in the Timing
Requirements table............................................................................................................................................................... 11
•
Changed textual content of Input Voltage Dynamic Power Management, (VIN_DPM) section for clarification. ...................... 18
•
Changed textual content of Dynamic Power Path Management (DPPM) section for clarification. ..................................... 18
•
Changed textual content of Battery Supplement Mode section for clarification ................................................................... 18
•
Changed textual content of Battery Pack Temperature Monitoring section for clarification................................................. 21
•
Added Modifying / Extending the Allowable Temperature Range for Charging sub-section heading and text for
clarification............................................................................................................................................................................ 21
•
Changed "6.25-hour" TO " 7.5-hour" Fast Charge Safety Timer in the Using The bq24232 In A Stand-Alone Charger
Application section................................................................................................................................................................ 29
Changes from Revision G (March 2015) to Revision H
Page
•
Changed CE pin Description in the Pin Functions table from "Connect CE to a high logic level to place the battery
charger in standby mode...." to "Connect CE to a high logic level to disable battery charging". ........................................... 5
•
Changed the ILIM pin Description From: "Connect a 2.75-kΩ to 8.4-kΩ resistor...." To: "Connect a 3.1-kΩ to 7.8-kΩ
resistor..."................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
•
Changed "IPRECHG Precharge current" spec to "KIPRECHG Precharge current factor" in the Electrical Characteristics table. 10
•
Moved timing specifications from Electrical Characteristics table to Timing Requirements table ....................................... 11
•
Changed Requirements for OUT Output section text from "> VBATUVLO" to "around 2.2 V". .......................................... 35
2
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SLUS821J – OCTOBER 2008 – REVISED MAY 2017
Changes from Revision F (November 2014) to Revision G
Page
•
Added text to ILIM pin description for clarification.................................................................................................................. 5
•
Moved Tstg spec to Absolute Maximum Ratings table and changed Handling Ragtings table title to ESD Ratings ............. 7
•
Deleted text string from second paragraph of Power On description for clarification ......................................................... 16
Changes from Revision E (January 2014) to Revision F
Page
•
Added Device Information and Handling Rating tables, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes,
Programming section, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout
section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
section ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
•
Changed VRCH spec MIN, TYP, MAX terminology from VO(REG) to VBAT(REG) ....................................................................... 10
•
Added "Reset the timers by toggling CE pin." in the Dynamic Charge timers (TMR) Input description. ............................. 25
Changes from Revision D (December 2013) to Revision E
•
Page
Added TJ= 85°C to conditions statement for IBAT(PDWN) specification...................................................................................... 8
Changes from Revision C (July 2010) to Revision D
Page
•
Changed the ILIM pin Description From: "Connect a 3.1-kΩ to 7.8-kΩ resistor..." To: "Connect a 2.75-kΩ to 8.4-kΩ
resistor..."................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
•
Changed POWER PATH IIN max Test Condition From: RILIM = 3.1 kΩ to 7.8 kΩ To: RILIM = 2.75 kΩ to 8.4 kΩ .................. 9
•
Changed UNITS from "ms" to "V" for VLOWV specification in Electrical Characteristics table............................................... 10
•
Changed text following Equation 1 From: The valid resistor range is 3.2 kΩ to 8 kΩ To: The valid resistor range is
2.75 kΩ to 8.4 kΩ ................................................................................................................................................................. 18
•
Changed the Program the Input Current Limit (ILIM) section: KILIM = 1470 AΩ To: KILIM = 1530 AΩ.................................. 31
•
Changed the Program the Input Current Limit (ILIM) section: RISET = 1470 AΩ / 0.5 A = 2.94 kΩ To: RISET = 1530
AΩ / 0.5 A = 3.06 kΩ ............................................................................................................................................................ 31
•
Changed Program the Input Current Limit (ILIM) text From: Select the closest standard value, which for this case is
2.94 kΩ To: Select the closest standard value, which for this case is 3.06 kΩ ................................................................... 31
Changes from Revision B (March 2009) to Revision C
Page
•
Changed globally RT1 and RT2 to Rs and Rp..................................................................................................................... 21
•
Added Equation 2 and Equation 3, term explanations and resistance table........................................................................ 21
Changes from Revision A (December 2008) to Revision B
Page
•
Changed Absolute Maximum Ratings IO, OUT From: 600 mA To: 1700 mA......................................................................... 7
•
Changed Absolute Maximum Ratings IO, BAT (Discharge mode) From: 600 mA To: 1700 mA............................................ 7
•
Changed Recommended Operating Conditions IBAT From 500 MA To: 1500 mA ................................................................. 7
•
Changed Recommended Operating Conditions ICHG From 500 MA To: 1500 mA................................................................. 7
•
Added POWER PATH KILIM Test Conditions: ILIM = 200 mA to 500 mA................................................................................. 9
•
Changed the POWER PATH KILIM Values From: MIN =1320 TYP = 1470 MAX = 1620 To: MIN = 1380 TYP = 1530
MAX =1680............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
•
Changed BATTERY CHARGER VBAT(REG) MAX value From: 4.24 To: 4.23 ........................................................................ 10
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SLUS821J – OCTOBER 2008 – REVISED MAY 2017
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Changes from Original (October 2008) to Revision A
•
4
Page
Changed the second paragraph of the DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 1
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SLUS821J – OCTOBER 2008 – REVISED MAY 2017
5 Device Comparison Table
PART NUMBER (1)
VOVP
VOUT(REG)
VDPM
OPTIONAL
FUNCTION
MARKING
bq24230
6.6 V
4.4 V
VO(REG) – 100 mV
TD
CGN
bq24232
10.5 V
4.4 V
VO(REG) – 100 mV
ITERM
NXK
(1)
This product is RoHS compatible, including a lead concentration that does not exceed 0.1% of total product weight, and is suitable for
use in specified lead-free soldering processes. In addition, this product uses package materials that do not contain halogens, including
bromine (Br) or antimony (Sb) above 0.1% of total product weight.
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
11
10
4
9
6
7
EN2
EN1
PGOOD
5
8
1
BAT
2
BAT
3
CE
4
ISET
ITERM
TMR
IN
13
bq24232
5
6
7
8
VSS
bq24230
3
TS
14
PGOOD
2
ILIM
OUT
OUT
CHG
VSS
TS
BAT
BAT
CE
16 15
EN1
16 15 14 13
1
12
EN2
ISET
TD
TMR
IN
16-Pin RGT Package with Thermal Pad
(Top View)
12
ILIM
11
OUT
10
OUT
9
CHG
Pin Functions
PIN
I/O
DESCRIPTION
1
I
External NTC Thermistor Input. Connect the TS input to the NTC thermistor in the battery pack. TS monitors a 10kΩ NTC thermistor. For applications that do not utilize the TS function, connect a 10-kΩ fixed resistor from TS to
VSS to maintain a valid voltage level on TS.
2,3
2, 3
I/O
CE
4
4
I
EN2
5
5
I
EN1
6
6
I
PGOOD
7
7
O
Open-drain Power Good Status Indication Output. PGOOD pulls to VSS when a valid input source is detected.
PGOOD is high-impedance when the input power is not within specified limits. Connect PGOOD to the desired
logic voltage rail using a 1-kΩ – 100-kΩ resistor, or use with an LED for visual indication.
VSS
8
8
–
Ground. Connect to the thermal pad and to the ground rail of the circuit.
CHG
9
9
O
Open-Drain Charging Status Indication Output. CHG pulls to VSS when the battery is charging. CHG is high
impedance when charging is complete and when charger is disabled.
OUT
10,11
10, 11
O
System Supply Output. OUT provides a regulated output when the input is below the OVP threshold and above
the regulation voltage. When the input is out of the operation range, OUT is connected to VBAT. Connect OUT to
the system load. Bypass OUT to VSS with a 4.7-μF to 47-μF ceramic capacitor.
ILIM
12
12
I
Adjustable Current Limit Programming Input. Connect a 3.1-kΩ to 7.8-kΩ resistor from ILIM to VSS to program the
maximum input current (EN2=1, EN1=0). The input current includes the system load and the battery charge
current. Leaving ILIM unconnected disables all charging. In USB100/500 mode (EN2 = 0, EN1= 0/1), ILIM can be
left floating.
NAME
NUMBER
bq24230
bq24232
1
BAT
TS
Charger Power Stage Output and Battery Voltage Sense Input. Connect BAT to the positive terminal of the
battery. Bypass BAT to VSS with a 4.7-μF to 47-μF ceramic capacitor.
Charge Enable Active-Low Input. Connect CE to a high logic level to disable battery charging. OUT is active and
battery supplement mode is still available. Connect CE to a low logic level to enable the battery charger. CE is
internally pulled down with ~285 kΩ. Do not leave CE unconnected to ensure proper operation.
Input Current Limit Configuration Inputs. Use EN1 and EN2 control the maximum input current and enable USB
compliance. See Table 1 for the description of the operation states. EN1 and EN2 are internally pulled down with
~285 kΩ. Do not leave EN1 or EN2 unconnected to ensure proper operation.
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Pin Functions (continued)
PIN
NAME
NUMBER
I/O
DESCRIPTION
bq24230
bq24232
IN
13
13
I
Input Power Connection. Connect IN to the connected to external DC supply (AC adapter or USB port). The input
operating range is 4.35 V to 6.6 V. The input can accept voltages up to 26 V without damage but operation is
suspended. Connect bypass capacitor 1 μF to 10 μF to VSS.
TMR
14
14
I
Timer Programming Input. TMR controls the precharge and fast-charge safety timers. Connect TMR to VSS to
disable all safety timers. Connect a 18-kΩ to 72-kΩ resistor between TMR and VSS to program the timers a
desired length. Leave TMR unconnected to set the timers to the 5-hour fast charge and 30-minute precharge
default timer values.
TD
15
-
I
Termination Dsable Input. Connect TD high to disable charger termination. Connect TD to VSS to enable charger
termination. TD is checked during start-up only and cannot be changed during operation. See the TD section in
this data sheet for a description of the behavior when termination is disabled. TD is internally pulled down to VSS
with ~285 kΩ. Do not leave TD unconnected to ensure proper operation.
-
15
I
Termination Current Programming Input. Connect a 0-Ω to 15-kΩ resistor from ITERM to VSS to program the
termination current. Leave ITERM unconnected to set the termination current to the internal default 10% threshold.
16
16
I/O
Fast-Charge Current Programming Input. Connect a 1.8-kΩ to 36-kΩ resistor from ISET to VSS to program the
fast-charge current level. Charging is disabled if ISET is left unconnected. While charging, the voltage at ISET
reflects the actual charging current and can be used to monitor charge current. See the Charge Current Translator
section for more details.
ITERM
ISET
Thermal
Pad
–
An internal electrical connection exists between the exposed thermal pad and the VSS pin of the device. The
thermal pad must be connected to the same potential as the VSS pin on the printed-circuit board. Do not use the
thermal pad as the primary ground input for the device. The VSS pin must be connected to ground at all times.
Table 1. EN1/EN2 Settings
6
EN2
EN1
0
0
Maximum Input Current Into IN Pin
100 mA. USB100 mode
0
1
500 mA. USB500 mode
1
0
Set by an external resistor from ILIM to VSS
1
1
Standby (USB suspend mode)
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SLUS821J – OCTOBER 2008 – REVISED MAY 2017
7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VI
Input voltage
II
Input current
IO
Output current (continuous)
Output sink current
(1)
MIN
MAX
IN (with respect to VSS
–0.3
28
OUT (with respect to VSS)
–0.3
7
BAT (with respect to VSS)
–0.3
5
EN1, EN2, CE, TS, ISET, PGOOD, CHG, ILIM, TMR, TD,
ITERM (with respect to VSS)
–0.3
7
V
IN
600
OUT
1700
BAT (Discharge mode)
1700
CHG, PGOOD
mA
mA
15
mA
TJ
Junction temperature
–40
150
Tstg
Storage temperature
–65
150
(1)
UNIT
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage
values are with respect to the network ground terminal unless otherwise noted.
7.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all
pins (1)
±1000
Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification
JESD22-C101, all pins (2)
±250
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
MAX
4.35
26
V
bq24230
4.35
6.4
V
bq24232
4.35
10.2
IN voltage range
VI
IN operating voltage range
UNIT
IIN
Input current, IN pin
500
mA
IOUT
Current, OUT pin
1500
mA
IBAT
Current, BAT pin (discharging)
1500
mA
ICHG
Current, BAT pin (charging)
500
mA
TJ
Junction temperature
–40
125
°C
RILIM
Maximum input current programming resistor
3.1
7.8
kΩ
RISET
Fast-charge current programming resistor
1.8
36
kΩ
RTMR
Timer programming resistor
18
72
kΩ
RITERM
Termination programming resistor
0
15
kΩ
bq24232
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7.4 Thermal Information
bq24230
THERMAL METRIC (1)
bq24232
RGT
RGT
16 PINS
16 PINS
UNIT
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
44.5
44.5
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
54.2
54.2
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
17.2
17.2
°C/W
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
1.0
1.0
°C/W
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
17.1
17.1
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
3.8
3.8
°C/W
(1)
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
7.5 Electrical Characteristics
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
3.3
MAX
UNIT
INPUT
UVLO
Undervoltage lockout
VIN: 0 V → 4 V
3.2
Vhys(UVLO)
Hysteresis on UVLO
VIN: 4 V → 0 V
200
VIN(DT)
Input power detection threshold
Input power detected when VIN > VBAT +
VIN(DT)
VBAT = 3.6 V, VIN: 3.5 V → 4 V
Vhys(INDT)
Hysteresis on VIN(DT)
VBAT = 3.6 V, VIN: 4 V → 3.5 V
20
VOVP
Input overvoltage protection
threshold
('230) VIN: 5 V → 7 V
('232) VIN: 5 V → 11 V
Vhys(OVP)
Hysteresis on OVP
('230) VIN: 7 V → 5V
110
('232) VIN: 11 V → 5 V
175
3.4
V
300
mV
80
130
mV
6.4
6.6
6.8
10.2
10.5
10.8
55
mV
V
mV
ILIM, TEST ISET SHORT CIRCUIT
ISC
Current source
VSC
VIN > UVLO and VIN > VBAT+VIN(DT)
1.3
mA
VIN > UVLO and VIN > VBAT+VIN(DT)
520
mV
QUIESCENT CURRENT
IBAT(PDWN)
Sleep current into BAT pin
IIN(STDBY)
Standby current into IN pin
ICC
Active supply current, IN pin
8
CE = LO or HI, input power not detected,
no load on OUT pin, TJ=85°C
6.5
μA
EN1= HI, EN2=HI, VIN = 6 V, TJ=85°C
50
μA
EN1= HI, EN2=HI, VIN = 10 V, TJ=85°C
200
CE = LO, VIN = 6 V, no load on OUT pin,
VBAT > VBAT(REG), (EN1, EN2) ≠ (HI, HI)
1.5
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
150.0
237.5
mV
62.5
mV
V
POWER PATH
VDO(IN-OUT)
VIN – VOUT
VIN = 4.3 V, IIN = 500 mA, VBAT = 4.2 V
VDO(BAT-OUT)
VBAT – VOUT
IOUT = 500 mA, VIN = 0 V, VBAT > 3 V
VO(REG)
OUT pin voltage regulation
VIN > VOUT + VDO (IN-OUT)
4.3
4.4
4.5
EN1 = LO, EN2 = LO
90
95
100
EN1 = HI, EN2 = LO
450
475
500
mA
IINmax
Maximum input current
KILIM
Maximum input current factor
ILIM = 200 mA to 500 mA
IINmax
Programmable input current limit
range
EN2 = HI, EN1 = LO, RILIM = 2.75 kΩ to 8.4 kΩ
200
VIN-DPM
Input voltage threshold when
input current is reduced
EN2 = LO, EN1 = X
4.35
VDPPM
Output voltage threshold when
charging current is reduced
VO(REG) – 180
mV
VBSUP1
Enter battery supplement mode
VBAT = 3.6 V, RILIM = 1.5 kΩ, RLOAD = 10 Ω →2
Ω
VOUT ≤ VBAT
–40 mV
V
VBSUP2
Exit battery supplement mode
VBAT = 3.6 V, RILIM = 1.5 kΩ, RLOAD = 2 Ω →10
Ω
VOUT ≥
VBAT–20 mV
V
VO(SC1)
Output short-circuit detection
threshold, power-on
VIN > UVLO and VIN > VBAT+VIN(DT)
Output short-circuit detection
threshold, supplement mode
VBAT – VOUT > VO(SC2) indicates
short circuit
VIN > UVLO and VIN > VBAT+VIN(DT)
VO(SC2)
EN2 = HI, EN1 = LO
KILIM/RILIM
1380
1530
A
1680
AΩ
500
mA
4.50
4.63
V
VO(REG) –
100 mV
VO(REG) – 30
mV
V
0.8
0.9
1
200
250
300
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
4
7.5
11
mA
1.6
1.8
2
V
4.16
4.20
4.23
V
2.9
3
3.1
V
500
mA
BATTERY CHARGER
IBAT(SC)
Source current for BAT pin shortcircuit detection
VBAT = 1.5 V
VBAT(SC)
BAT pin short-circuit detection
threshold
VBAT rising
VBAT(REG)
Battery charge voltage
VLOWV
Precharge to fast-charge
transition threshold
VIN > UVLO and VIN > VBAT + VIN(DT)
Battery fast-charge current range
VBAT(REG) > VBAT > VLOWV, VIN = 5 V, CE = LO,
EN1 = LO, EN2 = HI
Battery fast-charge current
CE = LO, EN1= LO, EN2 = HI,
VBAT > VLOWV, VIN = 5 V, IINmax > ICHG, no
load on OUT pin, thermal loop and DPM loop
not active
KISET
Fast-charge current factor
25 mA ≥ ICHG≥ 500 mA
KIPRECHG
Precharge current factor
2.5 mA ≥ IPRECHG≥ 30 mA
ITERM
CE = LO, (EN1,EN2) ≠ (LO,LO),
VBAT > VRCH, t < tMAXCH, VIN = 5 V, DPM loop
Termination comparator threshold and thermal loop not active
for termination detection
CE = LO, (EN1,EN2) = (LO,LO),
VBAT > VRCH, t < tMAXCH, VIN = 5 V, DPM loop
and thermal loop not active
ICHG
ITERM
Termination current threshold
factor (bq24232)
IBIAS(ITERM)
Current for external terminationsetting resistor
K factor for termination detection
threshold (externally set)
(bq24232)
KITERM
ITERM = 0% to 50% of ICHG
25
KISET/RISET
A
797
870
975
AΩ
70
88
106
AΩ
0.09*ICHG
0.1*ICHG
0.11*ICHG
0.027*ICHG
0.033*ICHG
0.040*ICHG
A
A
KITERM*RITERM/RISET
72
75
78
CE = LO, (EN1,EN2) ≠ (LO,LO),
VBAT > VRCH, t < tMAXCH, VIN = 5 V, DPM loop
and thermal loop not active
0.024
0.030
0.036
CE = LO, (EN1,EN2) = (LO,LO),
VBAT > VRCH, t < tMAXCH, VIN = 5 V, DPM loop
and thermal loop not active
0.009
0.010
0.011
72
75
78
VBAT(REG)
–140 mV
VBAT(REG)
–100 mV
VBAT(REG)
–60 mV
5
7.5
10
IBIAS(ITERM)
Current for external
termination_setting resistor
(bq24232)
VRCH
Recharge detection threshold
VIN > UVLO and VIN > VBAT+VIN(DT)
IBAT(DET)
Sink current for battery detection
VBAT=2.5 V
μA
A
μA
V
mA
BATTERY-PACK NTC MONITOR (1)
INTC
NTC bias current
VIN > UVLO and VIN > VBAT+VIN(DT)
VHOT
High-temperature trip point
Battery charging, VTS Falling
VHYS(HOT)
Hysteresis on high trip point
Battery charging, VTS Rising from VHOT
VCOLD
Low-temperature trip point
Battery charging, VTS Rising
VHYS(COLD)
Hysteresis on low trip point
Battery charging, VTS Falling from VCOLD
VDIS(TS)
TS function disable threshold
TS unconnected
72
75
78
μA
270
300
330
mV
2000
2100
30
300
mV
2200
mV
mV
VIN-200 mV
V
125
°C
155
°C
20
°C
THERMAL REGULATION
TJ(REG)
Temperature regulation limit
TJ(OFF)
Thermal shutdown temperature
TJ(OFF-HYS)
Thermal shutdown hysteresis
(1)
10
TJ rising
These numbers set trip points of 0°C and 50°C while charging, with 3°C hysteresis on the trip points, with a Vishay Type 2 curve NTC
with an R25 of 10 kΩ.
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
LOGIC LEVELS ON EN1, EN2, CE, TD
VIL
Logic LOW input voltage
0
0.4
VIH
Logic HIGH input voltage
1.4
6.0
V
V
IIL
Input sink current
VIL = 0 V
1
μA
IIH
Input source current
VIH = 1.4 V
10
μA
ISINK = 5 mA
0.4
V
LOGIC LEVELS ON PGOOD, CHG
VOL
Output LOW voltage
7.6 Timing Requirements
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
INPUT
tDGL(PGOOD)
Deglitch time, input power
detected status
tDGL(OVP)
Input overvoltage blanking time
tREC(OVP)
Input overvoltage recovery time
Time measured from VIN: 0 V → 5-V
1-μs rise time to PGOOD = LO
Time measured from VIN: 11 V → 5-V
1-μs fall time to PGOOD = LO
2
ms
50
μs
2
ms
250
μs
60
ms
POWER PATH
tDGL(SC2)
Deglitch time, supplement mode
short circuit
tREC(SC2)
Recovery time, supplement
mode short circuit
BATTERY CHARGER
tDGL1(LOWV)
Deglitch time on precharge to
fast-charge transition
25
ms
tDGL2(LOWV)
Deglitch time on fast-charge to
precharge transition
25
ms
tDGL(TERM)
Deglitch time, termination
detected
25
tDGL(RCH)
Deglitch time, recharge
threshold detected
tDGL(NO-IN)
Delay time, input power loss to
charger turnoff
VBAT = 3.6 V. Time measured from
VIN: 5 V → 3 V 1-μs fall time
ms
62.5
ms
20
ms
BATTERY CHARGING TIMERS
tPRECHG
Precharge safety timer value
TMR = floating
1440
1800
2160
s
tMAXCHG
Charge safety timer value
TMR = floating
14400
18000
21600
s
tPRECHG
Precharge safety timer value
18 kΩ < RTMR < 72 kΩ
RTMR × KTMR
s
tMAXCHG
Charge safety timer value
18 kΩ < RTMR < 72 kΩ
10×RTMR ×KTMR
s
KTMR
Timer factor
36
48
60
s/kΩ
BATTERY-PACK NTC MONITOR (1)
tDGL(TS)
(1)
Deglitch time, pack temperature
fault detection
Battery charging, VTS Falling
50
ms
These numbers set trip points of 0°C and 50°C while charging, with 3°C hysteresis on the trip points, with a Vishay Type 2 curve NTC
with an R25 of 10 kΩ.
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7.7 Typical Characteristics
Typical Application Circuit, EN1=0, EN2=1, TA=25°C, unless otherwise noted.
0.3
250
0.3
Dropout Voltage - VIN-VOUT
IBAT - mA
200
150
100
50
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0
120
0
125
130
135
140
TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C
0
145
25
100
50
75
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C
125
IL = 500 mA
Figure 2. Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
60
4.45
50
4.43
40
VO - Output Voltage - V
Dropout Voltage - VBAT-VOUT
Figure 1. Thermal Regulation
VBAT = 3 V
30
VBAT = 3.9 V
20
4.40
4.38
4.35
4.33
10
4.30
0
0
50
75
100
25
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C
125
0
IL = 500 mA
Figure 3. Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
100
125
IL = 500 mA
6.70
VOVP - Output Voltage Threshold - V
VBAT - Regulation Voltage - V
75
Figure 4. Output Regulation Voltage vs Temperature
4.205
4.200
4.195
4.190
4.185
25
50
75
100
125
150
6.65
VI Rising
6.60
6.55
VI Falling
6.50
6.45
0
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C
Figure 5. Battery Regulation Voltage vs Temperature
12
50
VIN = 5 V
4.210
4.180
0
25
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C
25
50
75
100
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C
125
6.6 V
Figure 6. Overvoltage Protection Threshold vs Temperature
bq24230
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Typical Application Circuit, EN1=0, EN2=1, TA=25°C, unless otherwise noted.
800
10.65
700
10.60
VI Rising
ILIM - Input Current - mA
VOVP - Output Voltage Threshold - V
10.70
10.55
10.50
10.45
VI Falling
10.40
10.35
10.30
600
500
USB500
400
300
200
USB100
100
10.25
0
10.20
0
25
75
50
100
TJ - Junction Temperature - °C
5
125
6
7
8
9
VI - Input Voltage - V
10
10.5 V
Figure 8. Input Current Limit Threshold vs Input Voltage
310
31.5
305
31
IBAT - Precharge Current - A
IBAT - Fast Charge Current - A
Figure 7. Overvoltage Protection Threshold vs Temperature
bq24232
300
295
290
285
280
30.5
30
29.5
29
28.5
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
VBAT - Battery Voltage - V
4.2
2
RISET = 3.3 kΩ
Figure 9. Fast-Charge Current vs Battery Voltage
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
VBAT - Battery Voltage - V
3
RISET = 3.3 kΩ
Figure 10. Precharge Current vs Battery Voltage
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The bq2423x devices are integrated Li-ion linear chargers and system power-path management devices targeted
at space-limited portable applications. The device powers the system while simultaneously and independently
charging the battery. This feature reduces the number of charge and discharge cycles on the battery, allows for
proper charge termination, and enables the system to run with a defective or absent battery pack. It also allows
instant system turnon even with a totally discharged battery. The input power source for charging the battery and
running the system can be an AC adapter or a USB port. The devices feature dynamic power-path management
(DPPM), which shares the source current between the system and battery charging and automatically reduces
the charging current if the system load increases. When charging from a USB port, the input dynamic power
management (VIN-DPM) circuit reduces the input current limit if the input voltage falls below a threshold,
preventing the USB port from crashing. The power-path architecture also permits the battery to supplement the
system current requirements when the adapter cannot deliver the peak system currents.
14
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8.2 Functional Block Diagram
250 mV
VO (SC1)
VBAT
OUT- SC1
tDGL(SC2)
OUT- SC 2
Q1
IN
OUT
EN2
Short Detect
225 mV
Precharge
2. 25
. V
Fastcharge
VIN-LOW
USB100
USB500
ILIM
V REF-ILIM
USB-susp
ISET
TJ
TJ (REG)
Short Detect
VDPPM
VOUT
VO (REG)
Q2
VBAT(REG)
EN2
EN1
BAT
V OUT
CHARGEPUMP
I BIAS-ITERM
40 mV
Supplement
V LOWV
225 mV
ITERM
bq24232
VRCH
VBAT(SC)
tDGL(RCH)
tDGL2(LOWV)
tDGL(TERM)
VIN
tDGL1(LOWV)
ITERM- floating
~3 V
BAT-SC
VBAT+VIN-DT
t DGL (NO-IN)
t DGL(PGOOD)
VUVLO
I NTC
V HOT
Charge Control
TS
t DGL (TS )
V COLD
V OVP
t BLK (OVP)
VDIS(TS)
EN1
EN2
USB Suspend
TD
bq24230
CE
Halt timers
CHG
VIPRECHG
V CHG
I
VISET
Dynamically
Controlled
Oscillator
Reset timers
PGOOD
Fast- Charge
Timer
Timer fault
TMR
Pre -Charge
Timer
~100 mV
Timers disabled
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8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 Undervoltage Lockout
The bq2423x family remains in power-down mode when the input voltage at the IN pin is below the undervoltage
lockout (UVLO) threshold.
During the power-down mode, the host commands at the control inputs (CE, EN1 and EN2) are ignored. The Q1
FET connected between IN and OUT pins is off, and the status outputs CHG and PGOOD are high impedance.
The Q2 FET that connects BAT to OUT is ON. During power-down mode, the VOUT(SC2) circuitry is active and
monitors for overload conditions on OUT.
8.3.2 Power On
When VIN exceeds the UVLO threshold, the bq2423x powers up. While VIN is below VBAT + VIN(DT), the host
commands at the control inputs (CE, EN1, and EN2) are ignored. The Q1 FET connected between IN and OUT
pins is off, and the status outputs CHG and PGOOD are high impedance. The Q2 FET that connects BAT to
OUT is ON. During this mode, the VOUT(SC2) circuitry is active and monitors for overload conditions on OUT.
When VIN rises above VBAT + VIN(DT), PGOOD is low to indicate that the valid power status and the CE, EN1, and
EN2 inputs are read. The device enters standby mode whenever (EN1, EN2) = (1, 1) or if an input overvoltage
condition occurs. In standby mode, Q1 is OFF and Q2 is ON. During standby mode, the VOUT(SC2) circuitry is
active and monitors for overload conditions on OUT.
When the input voltage at IN is within the valid range: VIN > UVLO AND VIN > VBAT + VIN(DT) AND VIN < VOVP, and
the EN1 and EN2 pins indicate that the USB suspend mode is not enabled [(EN1, EN2) ≠ (HI, HI)], all internal
timers and other circuit blocks are activated. The device checks for short circuits at the ISET and ILIM pins. If no
short conditions exists, the device switches on the input FET Q1 with a 100-mA current limit to check for a short
circuit at OUT. If VOUT rises above VSC, the FET Q1 switches to the current-limit threshold set by EN1, EN2, and
RILIM and the device enters normal operation where the system is powered by the input source (Q1 is on), and
the device continuously monitors the status of CE, EN1, and EN2 as well as the input voltage conditions.
16
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Feature Description (continued)
Begin Startup
I IN (MAX) 100 mA
PGOOD = Hi -Z
CHG = Hi -Z
BATTFET ON
V OUT short ?
V UVLO VOVP
Hi impedance
Table 4. CHG Status Indicator
Charge State
CHG Output
Charging
Low (first charge cycle)
Charging terminated
Hi impedance until power or CE is toggled
Recharging after termination
Hi impedance
Carging suspended by thermal loop
Low (first charge cycle)
Safety timers expired
Flashing at 2Hz
IC disabled or no valid input power
Hi impedance
8.4.1.6.1 Timer Fault
If the precharge timer expires before the battery voltage reaches VLOWV, the bq2423x indicates a fault condition.
Additionally, if the battery current does not fall to ITERM before the fast-charge timer expires, a fault is indicated.
The CHG output flashes at approximately 2 Hz to indicate a fault condition.
26
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8.4.2 Explanation of Deglitch Times and Comparator Hysteresis
Figures not to scale
VOVP
VOVP - Vhys(OVP)
VIN
Typical Input Voltage
Operating Range
t < tDGL(OVP)
VBAT + VIN(DT)
VBAT + VIN(DT) - Vhys(INDT)
UVLO
UVLO - Vhys(UVLO)
PGOOD
tDGL(PGOOD)
tDGL(OVP)
tDGL(NO-IN)
tDGL(PGOOD)
Figure 17. Power Up, Power Down
tDGL1(LOWV)
VBAT
VLOWV
t < tDGL1(LOWV)
tDGL1(LOWV)
tDGL2(LOWV)
ICHG
Fast-Charge
Fast-Charge
IPRE-CHG
t < tDGL2(LOWV)
Pre-Charge
Pre-Charge
Figure 18. Pre- To Fast-Charge, Fast- To Precharge Transition – TDGL1(LOWV), TDGL2(LOWV)
VBAT
VRCH
Re-Charge
t < tDGL(RCH)
tDGL(RCH)
Figure 19. Recharge – TDGL(RCH)
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Turn
Q2 OFF
Force
Q2 ON
tREC(SC2)
Turn
Q2 OFF
tREC(SC2)
Force
Q2 ON
VBAT - VOUT
Recover
VO(SC2)
t < tDGL(SC2)
tDGL(SC2)
tDGL(SC2)
t < tDGL(SC2)
Figure 20. Out Short-Circuit – Supplement Mode
VCOLD
VCOLD - Vhys(COLD)
t < tDGL(TS)
Suspend
Charging
tDGL(TS)
VTS
Resume
Charging
VHOT - Vhys(HOT)
VHOT
Figure 21. Battery Pack Temperature Sensing – TS Pin. Battery Temperature Increasing
28
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9 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application Information
The bq2423x devices power the system while simultaneously and independently charging the battery. The input
power source for charging the battery and running the system can be an AC adapter or a USB port. The devices
feature dynamic power-path management (DPPM), which shares the source current between the system and
battery charging and automatically reduces the charging current if the system load increases. When charging
from a USB port, the input dynamic power management (VIN-DPM) circuit reduces the input current limit if the
input voltage falls below a threshold, preventing the USB port from crashing. The power-path architecture also
permits the battery to supplement the system current requirements when the adapter cannot deliver the peak
system currents.
The bq2423x can be configured as host controlled for selecting different input current limits based on the input
source connected; or, as a fully stand-alone device for applications that do not support multiple types of input
sources.
9.2 Typical Applications
9.2.1 Using The bq24232 In A Stand-Alone Charger Application
See Figure 22 for the Design Example Schematic.
VIN = VUVLO to VOVP , IFASTCHG = 200 mA, IIN(MAX) = 500 mA, 25-mA Termination Current, ISET mode (EN1=0,
EN2=1), Battery Temperature Charge Range 0°C to 50°C, 7.5-hour Fast Charge Safety Timer.
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Typical Applications (continued)
R5
1.5 kΩ
R6
1.5 kΩ
Adaptor
DC+
IN
CH G
PGOOD
SYSTEM
OUT
C1
1 μF
GND
C2
4.7μF
VSS
bq 24232
EN 2
EN 1
TS
CE
BAT
PACK -
R1
3.57 kΩ
IS E T
IT E R M
TEMP
TMR
C3
4.7 μF
IL IM
PACK +
R2
2.94 kΩ
R4
56 .2 kΩ
R3
4 .32 kΩ
Figure 22. Using The bq24232 in a Stand-Alone Charger Application
9.2.1.1 Design Requirements
•
•
•
•
•
•
30
Supply voltage = 5 V
Fast-charge current of approximately 200 mA; ISET - pin 16
Input Current Limit =500 mA; ILIM - pin 12
Termination Current = 25 mA - pin 15 (bq24232)
Safety timer duration, Fast charge = 7.5 hours; TMR – pin 14
TS – Battery Temperature Sense = 10 kΩ NTC (103AT-2)
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Typical Applications (continued)
9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
9.2.1.2.1 Calculations
9.2.1.2.1.1 Program The Fast-Charge Current (ISET):
RISET = KISET / ICHG
KISET = 870 AΩ from the electrical characteristics table.
RISET = 870 AΩ/0.2 A = 4.35kΩ
Select the closest standard value, which for this case is 4.32 kΩ. Connect this resistor between ISET (pin 16)
and VSS.
9.2.1.2.1.2 Program The Input Current Limit (ILIM)
RILIM = KILIM / II_MAX
KILIM = 1530 AΩ from the electrical characteristics table.
RISET = 1530 AΩ / 0.5 A = 3.06 kΩ
Select the closest standard value, which for this case is 3.06 kΩ. Connect this resistor between ILIM (pin 12) and
VSS.
9.2.1.2.1.3 Program The Termination Current Threshold (ITERM, bq24232)
RITERM = RISET × ITERM / KITERM
KITERM = 0.03 A from electrical characteristics table
RITERM = 4.32 kΩ × 0.025 A/0.03 A = 3.6 kΩ
Select the closest standard value, which for this case is 3.57 kΩ. Connect this resistor between ITERM (pin 15)
and VSS
9.2.1.2.1.4 Program 7.5-hour Fast-Charge Safety Timer (TMR)
RTMR = tMAXCHG / (10 × KTMR )
KTMR = 48 s/kΩ from the electrical characteristics table.
RTMR = (7.5 hr × 3600 s/hr) / (10 × 48 s/kΩ) = 56.25 kΩ
Select the closest standard value, which for this case is 56.2 kΩ. Connect this resistor between TMR (pin 2) and
VSS.
9.2.1.2.2 TS Function
Use a 10-kΩ NTC thermistor in the battery pack (103AT). To disable the temperature sense function, use a fixed
10-kΩ resistor between the TS (pin 1) and VSS. Pay close attention to the linearity of the chosen NTC so that it
provides the desired hot and cold turnoff thresholds.
9.2.1.2.3
CHG and PGOOD
LED Status: connect a 1.5-kΩ resistor in series with a LED between OUT and CHG and OUT and PGOOD.
Processor Monitoring Status: connect a pullup resistor (approximately 100 kΩ) between the processor’s power
rail and CHG and PGOOD.
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Typical Applications (continued)
9.2.1.2.4 Selecting In, Out, and BAT Pin Capacitors
In most applications, all that is needed is a high-frequency decoupling capacitor (ceramic) on the power pin,
input, output, and battery pins. Using the values shown on the application diagram is recommended. After
evaluation of these voltage signals with real system operational conditions, the user can determine if capacitance
values can be adjusted toward the minimum recommended values (dc load application) or higher values for fast,
high-amplitude, pulsed load applications. Note, if the application is designed with high input voltage sources (bad
adapters or wrong adapters), the capacitor needs to be rated appropriately. Ceramic capacitors are tested to 2x
their rated values so a 16-V capacitor may be adequate for a 30-V transient (verify the tested rating with
capacitor manufacturer).
9.2.1.3 Application Curves
VIN
5 V/div
VOUT
4.4 V
VCHG
5 V/div
1 V/div
VBAT
4V
2 V/div
VBAT
Battery Inserted
VPGOOD
Battery Detection Mode
Battery Supplying Load
Mandatory Precharge
200 mA/div
IBAT
Charging Initiated
IBAT
100 mA/div
Fastcharge
400 ms/div
4 ms/div
RLOAD = 25Ω
Figure 23. Adapter Plug-In With Battery Connected
VCHG
2 V/div
VBAT
Figure 24. Battery Detection -- Insertion
ILOAD
500 mA/div
IBAT
200 mA/div
200 mA/div
Battery Removed
Battery Detection Mode
IBAT
2 V/div
VOUT
4.4 V
200 mV/div
400 ms/div
400 ms/div
RLOAD = 25Ω To 9Ω
Figure 25. Battery Detection -- Removal
32
Figure 26. Entering And Exiting DPPM Mode
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SLUS821J – OCTOBER 2008 – REVISED MAY 2017
Typical Applications (continued)
500 mA/div
ILOAD
IBAT
VCE
5 V/div
VCHG
Supplement Mode
5 V/div
500 mA/div
VBAT
3.6V
VOUT
4.4 V
500 mV/div
200 mV/div
IBAT
VBAT
3.9 V
Mandatory Precharge
100 mA/div
10 ms/div
2 ms/div
RLOAD = 25Ω To 4.5Ω
Figure 27. Entering And Exiting Battery Supplement Mode
Figure 28. Charger ON/OFF Using CE
10 V/div
VIN
IBAT
200 mA/div
VOUT
4.4 V
VBAT
4.2 V
200 mV/div
40 ms/div
RLOAD = 25Ω
Figure 29. OVP Fault VIN = 6 V To 15 V
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Typical Applications (continued)
9.2.2 Using The bq24230 in a Host Controlled Charger Application
See Figure 30 for the Design Example Schematic.
VIN = VUVLO to VOVP , IFASTCHG = 200 mA, IIN(MAX) = 500 mA, Battery Temperature Charge Range 0°C to 50°C,
7.5-hour Fast Charge Safety Timer.
R4
1.5 kΩ
R5
1.5 kΩ
DC+
IN
C HG
Adaptor
PGOOD
SYSTEM
OUT
C1
1μF
GND
C2
4.7μF
VSS
bq24230
HOST
EN2
EN1
TS
TD
CE
BAT
TEMP
PACK+
C3
4.7μF
PACK -
R1
56.2 kΩ
R2
2.94 kΩ
R3
4.35 kΩ
Figure 30. Using The bq24230 in a Host Controlled Charger Application
9.2.2.1 Design Requirements
See the bq24232 Design Requirements.
9.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
See the bq24232 Detailed Design Procedure.
9.2.2.3 Application Curves
See the bq24232 Application Curves.
34
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10 Power Supply Recommendations
10.1 Requirements for OUT Output
In order to provide an output voltage on SYS, the bq2423x require either a power supply between 4.35 V and 6.0
V input for bq24230 and between 4.35V and 10V for bq24232 to fully charge a battery. The supply must have at
least 100 mA current rating connected to IN; or, a single-cell Li-Ion battery with voltage around 2.2 V connected
to BAT. The source current rating needs to be at least 1.5 A in order to provide maximum output current to SYS.
10.2 USB Sources and Standard AC Adapters
In order for charging to occur the source voltage measured at the IN terminals of the IC, factoring in cable/trace
losses from the source, must be greater than the VINDPM threshold (in USB mode), but less than the maximum
values shown above. The current rating of the source must be higher than the load requirements for OUT in the
application. For charging at a desired charge current of ICHRG, IIN > (ISYS+ ICHRG). The charger limits IIN to
the current limit setting of EN1/EN2.
10.3 Half-Wave Adapters
Some low-cost adapters implement a half rectifier topology, which causes the adapter output voltage to fall below
the battery voltage during part of the cycle. To enable operation with low-cost adapters under those conditions,
the bq2423x family keeps the charger on for at least 20 ms (typical) after the input power puts the part in sleep
mode. This feature enables use of external low-cost adapters using 50-Hz networks.
11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
•
•
•
•
To obtain optimal performance, the decoupling capacitor from IN to GND (thermal pad) and the output filter
capacitors from OUT to GND (thermal pad) must be placed as close as possible to the bq2423x, with short
trace runs to both IN, OUT, and GND (thermal pad).
All low-current GND connections must be kept separate from the high-current charge or discharge paths from
the battery. Use a single-point ground technique incorporating both the small signal ground path and the
power ground path.
The high current charge paths into the IN pin and from the OUT pin must be sized appropriately for the
maximum charge current in order to avoid voltage drops in these traces.
The bq2423x family is packaged in a thermally enhanced MLP package. The package includes a thermal pad
to provide an effective thermal contact between the IC and the printed-circuit board (PCB); this thermal pad is
also the main ground connection for the device. Connect the thermal pad to the PCB ground connection. Full
PCB design guidelines for this package are provided in the application report entitled: QFN/SON PCB
Attachment (SLUA271).
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11.2 Layout Example
11.3 Thermal Package
The bq2423x is packaged in a thermally enhanced MLP package. The package includes a thermal pad to
provide an effective thermal contact between the IC and the printed-circuit board (PCB). The power pad must be
directly connected to the Vss pin. Full PCB design guidelines for this package are provided in the application
report entitled: QFN/SON PCB Attachment (SLUA271). The most common measure of package thermal
performance is thermal impedance (θJA ) measured (or modeled) from the chip junction to the air surrounding the
package surface (ambient). The mathematical expression for θJA is:
θJA = (TJ - T) / P
(10)
Where:
TJ = chip junction temperature
T = ambient temperature
P = device power dissipation
Factors that can greatly influence the measurement and calculation of θJA include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
36
Whether the device is board mounted
Trace size, composition, thickness, and geometry
Orientation of the device (horizontal or vertical)
Volume of the ambient air surrounding the device under test and airflow
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Thermal Package (continued)
5. Whether other surfaces are in close proximity to the device being tested
Due to the charge profile of Li-ion batteries, the maximum power dissipation is typically seen at the beginning of
the charge cycle when the battery voltage is at its lowest. Typically, after fast charge begins, the pack voltage
increases to ~3.4 V within the first 2 minutes. The thermal time constant of the assembly typically takes a few
minutes to heat up so when doing maximum power dissipation calculations, 3.4 V is a good minimum voltage to
use. This is easy to verify, with the system and a fully discharged battery, by plotting temperature on the bottom
of the PCB under the IC (pad must have multiple vias), the charge current and the battery voltage as a function
of time. The fast-charge current starts to taper off if the part goes into thermal regulation.
The device power dissipation, P, is a function of the charge rate and the voltage drop across the internal
PowerFET. It can be calculated from the following equation when a battery pack is being charged :
P = [V(IN) – V(OUT)] × I(OUT) + [V(OUT) – V(BAT)] × I(BAT)
(11)
The thermal loop feature reduces the charge current to limit excessive IC junction temperature. It is
recommended that the design not run in thermal regulation for typical operating conditions (nominal input voltage
and nominal ambient temperatures) and use the feature for nontypical situations such as hot environments or
higher than normal input source voltage. With that said, the IC still performs as described, if the thermal loop is
always active.
12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Documentation Support
12.1.1 Related Documentation
Application report QFN/SON PCB Attachment, SLUA271
12.2 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 5. Related Links
PARTS
PRODUCT FOLDER
SAMPLE & BUY
TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS
TOOLS &
SOFTWARE
SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
bq24230
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
bq24232
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
12.3 Trademarks
Bluetooth is a trademark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc..
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
12.5 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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37
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
14-Oct-2022
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
BQ24230RGTR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
CGN
Samples
BQ24230RGTT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
CGN
Samples
BQ24232RGTR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
NXK
Samples
BQ24232RGTT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
NXK
Samples
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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