BQ25175
SLUSDY7A – JUNE 2021 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2021
BQ25175 Standalone 1-Cell 800-mA Linear Battery Charger with 4.35-V Charge
Voltage and Charging Indication
1 Features
3 Description
•
•
The BQ25175 is an integrated 800-mA linear charger
for 1-cell Li-Ion and Li-Poly batteries. The device has
a single power output that charges the battery. The
system load can be placed in parallel with the battery,
as long as the average system load does not prevent
the battery from charging fully within the safety timer
duration. When the system load is placed in parallel
with the battery, the charge current is shared between
the system and the battery.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Input voltage up to 30-V tolerant
Automatic Sleep Mode for low power consumption
– 350-nA battery leakage current
– 80-µA input leakage current when charge
disabled
Supports 1-cell Li-Ion, and Li-Poly
Fixed 4.35-V battery regulation voltage
External resistor programmable operation
– ISET to set charge current from 10 mA to 800
mA
High accuracy
– ±0.5% charge voltage accuracy
– ±10% charge current accuracy
Charging features
– Precharge current 20% of ISET
– Termination current 10% of ISET
– NTC thermistor input to monitor battery
temperature
– Cold and hot temperature charging disabled
– Cool temperature charging at 20% of ISET
– TS pin for charging function control
– Open-drain output for status and fault indication
Integrated fault protection
– 6.6-V IN overvoltage protection
– 1000-mA overcurrent protection
– 125°C thermal regulation; 150°C thermal
shutdown protection
– OUT short-circuit protection
– ISET pin short/open protection
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
Smart trackers
True wireless headsets
Smart remote control
Pulse oximeter
Blood glucose monitor
The device has three phases for charging a Li-Ion/LiPoly battery: precharge to recover a fully discharged
battery, fast-charge constant current to supply the
bulk of the charge, and voltage regulation to reach
full capacity.
In all charge phases, an internal control loop monitors
the IC junction temperature and reduces the charge
current if an internal temperature threshold, TREG, is
exceeded.
The charger power stage and charge current sense
functions are fully integrated. The charger function
has high accuracy current and voltage regulation
loops, charge status display, and automatic charge
termination. The fast charge current is programmable
through an external resistor. The precharge and
termination current thresholds track the fast charge
current setting.
Device Information
PART NUMBER(1)
BQ25175
(1)
PACKAGE
DSBGA (6)
BODY SIZE (NOM)
0.8 mm x 1.25 mm
For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
VIN: 3.0V ± 6.5V
IN
OUT
ISET
GND
1s Li-Ion
STAT
BQ25175
TS
Simplified Schematic
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
BQ25175
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Table of Contents
1 Features............................................................................1
2 Applications..................................................................... 1
3 Description.......................................................................1
4 Revision History.............................................................. 2
5 Pin Configuration and Functions...................................3
6 Specifications.................................................................. 4
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ....................................... 4
6.2 ESD Ratings .............................................................. 4
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions ........................4
6.4 Thermal Information ...................................................5
6.5 Electrical Characteristics ............................................6
6.6 Timing Requirements ................................................. 7
6.7 Typical Characteristics................................................ 8
7 Detailed Description......................................................10
7.1 Overview................................................................... 10
7.2 Functional Block Diagram......................................... 12
7.3 Feature Description...................................................13
7.4 Device Functional Modes..........................................16
8 Application and Implementation.................................. 18
8.1 Application Information............................................. 18
8.2 Typical Applications.................................................. 18
9 Power Supply Recommendations................................22
10 Layout...........................................................................22
10.1 Layout Guidelines................................................... 22
10.2 Layout Example...................................................... 22
11 Device and Documentation Support..........................23
11.1 Device Support........................................................23
11.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates.. 23
11.3 Support Resources................................................. 23
11.4 Trademarks............................................................. 23
11.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution.............................. 23
11.6 Glossary.................................................................. 23
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information.................................................................... 24
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision * (June 2021) to Revision A (September 2021)
Page
• Changed from Advance Information to Production Data.................................................................................... 1
2
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
1
2
A
OUT
IN
B
TS
ISET
C
STAT
GND
Top View = Xray through a soldered down part with A1 starting in upper left corner
Figure 5-1. YBG Package 6-Pin DSBGA Top View
Table 5-1. Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
OUT
A1
P
Battery connection. System load may be connected in parallel to battery. Bypass OUT with at least
a 1-μF capacitor to GND, place close to the IC.
IN
A2
P
Input power, connected to external DC supply. Bypass IN with at least a 1-μF capacitor to GND,
place close to the IC.
TS
B1
I
Temperature qualification voltage input. Connect a negative temperature coefficient (NTC)
thermistor directly from TS to GND (AT103-2 recommended). Charge suspends when TS < VHOT
or TS > VCOLD. Charge at 20% of ISET when VCOLD > TS > VCOOL. If TS function is not needed,
connect an external 10-kΩ resistor from this pin to GND. Pulling TS < VTS_ENZ disables the charger.
ISET
B2
I
Programs the device fast-charge current. An external resistor from ISET to GND defines fast charge
current value. Expected range is 30 kΩ (10 mA) to 375 Ω (800 mA). ICHG = KISET / RISET.
Precharge current is defined as 20% of ICHG. Termination current is defined as 10% of ICHG.
STAT
C1
O
Open drain charger status indication output. Connect to pull-up rail via 10-kΩ resistor.
LOW indicates charge in progress. HIGH indicates charge complete or charge disabled. When a
fault condition is detected, the STAT pin blinks at 1 Hz. If unsued, this pin can be left floating.
GND
C2
–
Ground pin
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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)
MIN
MAX
Voltage
IN
–0.3
30
V
Voltage
OUT
–0.3
13
V
Voltage
ISET, STAT, TS
–0.3
5.5
V
TJ
Junction temperature
–40
150
°C
Tstg
Storage temperature
–65
150
°C
(1)
UNIT
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Rating may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress
ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated
under Recommended Operating Condition. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device
reliability.
6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/
JEDEC JS-001(1)
±2500
Charged device model (CDM), per ANSI/ESDA/
JEDEC JS-002(2)
±1500
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
4
NOM
3.0
MAX
UNIT
VIN
Input voltage
VOUT
Output voltage
IOUT
Output current
TJ
Junction temperature
CIN
IN capacitor
1
µF
COUT
OUT capacitor
1
µF
RISET
ISET resistor
RTS
TS thermistor resistor (recommend 103AT-2)
–40
0.375
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6.6
V
4.35
V
0.8
A
125
°C
30
10
kΩ
kΩ
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6.4 Thermal Information
BQ25175
THERMAL
METRIC(1)
YBG
UNIT
6 PINS
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (JEDEC(1))
132.4
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
1.5
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
36.9
°C/W
ΨJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
0.4
°C/W
ΨJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
36.9
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
N/A
°C/W
(1)
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics
3.0V < VIN < VIN_OV and VIN > VOUT + VSLEEP, TJ = -40°C to +125°C, and TJ = 25°C for typical values (unless otherwise
noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX UNIT
QUIESCENT CURRENTS
IQ_OUT
Quiescent output current (OUT)
OUT= 4.2V, IN floating or IN = 0V - 5V,
Charge Disabled, TJ = 25 °C
0.350
0.6
µA
OUT= 4.2V, IN floating or IN = 0V - 5V,
Charge Disabled, TJ < 105 °C
0.350
0.8
µA
80
110
µA
ISD_IN_TS
Shutdown input current (IN) with
charge disabled via TS pin
IN = 5V, Charge Disabled (VTS < VTS_ENZ),
no battery
ISTANDBY_IN
Standby input current (IN) with charge
IN = 5V, Charge Enabled, charge terminated
terminated
IQ_IN
Quiescent input current (IN)
190
IN = 5V, OUT = 3.8V, Charge Enabled,
ICHG = 0A
0.45
µA
0.6
mA
6.6
V
INPUT
VIN_OP
IN operating range
3.0
VIN_LOWV
IN voltage to start charging
IN rising
3.05
3.09
3.15
V
VIN_LOWV
IN voltage to stop charging
IN falling
2.80
2.95
3.10
V
VSLEEPZ
Exit sleep mode threshold
IN rising, VIN - VOUT, OUT = 4V
95
135
175
mV
VSLEEP
Sleep mode threshold hysteresis
IN falling, VIN - VOUT, OUT = 4V
VIN_OV
VIN overvoltage rising threshold
IN rising
VIN_OVZ
VIN overvoltage falling threshold
IN falling
80
6.60
6.75
mV
6.90
6.63
V
V
CONFIGURATION PINS SHORT/OPEN PROTECTION
RISET_SHORT
RISET below this at startup, charger does not
initiate charge, power cycle or TS toggle to
reset
Highest resistor value considered
short
350
Ω
BATTERY CHARGER
VDO
Dropout voltage (VIN - VOUT)
VREG_ACC
VREG_ACC
OUT charge voltage accuracy
425
4.328
4.350
4.3721
V
Tj = -40℃ to 125℃
4.306
4.350
4.393
V
Typical charge current regulation
range
VOUT > VBAT_LOWV
KISET
Charge current setting factor, ICHG =
KISET / RISET
10mA < ICHG < 800mA
270
RISET = 375Ω, OUT = 3.8V
ICHG_ACC
Charge current accuracy
IPRECHG
Typical pre-charge current, as
percentage of ICHG
IPRECHG_ACC
Precharge current accuracy
ITERM
Typical termination current, as
percentage of ICHG
Termination current accuracy
mV
Tj = 25℃
ICHG_RANGE
ITERM_ACC
6
VIN = 4.4V, IOUT = 300mA
10
800
mA
300
330
AΩ
720
800
880
mA
RISET = 600Ω, OUT = 3.8V
450
500
550
mA
RISET = 3.0kΩ, OUT = 3.8V
90
100
110
mA
RISET = 30kΩ, OUT = 3.8V
9
10
11
mA
VOUT < VBAT_LOWV
20
%
RISET = 375Ω, OUT = 2.5V
144
160
176
mA
RISET = 600Ω, OUT = 2.5V
85
100
110
mA
RISET = 3.0kΩ, OUT = 2.5V
18
20
22
mA
RISET = 30kΩ, OUT = 2.5V
1.4
2
2.6
mA
VOUT = VREG
10
%
RISET = 600Ω
45
50
55
mA
RISET = 3.0kΩ
8.5
10
11.5
mA
RISET =30kΩ
0.4
1
1.6
mA
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6.5 Electrical Characteristics (continued)
3.0V < VIN < VIN_OV and VIN > VOUT + VSLEEP, TJ = -40°C to +125°C, and TJ = 25°C for typical values (unless otherwise
noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
VBAT_SHORT
Output (OUT) short circuit voltage
rising threshold, for Li-Ion chemistry
OUT rising
VBAT_SHORT_HYS
Output (OUT) short circuit voltage
hysteresis
OUT falling
IBAT_SHORT
OUT short circuit charging current
VOUT < VBAT_SHORT
VBAT_LOWV
Pre-charge to fast-charge transition
threshold, for Li-Ion chemistry
OUT rising
VBAT_LOWV_HYS
Battery LOWV hysteresis
OUT falling
VRECHG
Battery recharge threshold for Li-Ion
chemistry
OUT falling VREG_ACC - VOUT
RON
Charging path FET on-resistance
MIN
TYP
2.1
2.2
MAX UNIT
2.3
200
mV
4
6
8
2.7
2.8
3.0
100
75
V
mA
V
mV
100
125
mV
VIN = 4.4V, IOUT = 300mA, TJ = 25°C
845
1000
mΩ
VIN = 4.4V, IOUT = 300mA, TJ = -40 125°C
845
1450
mΩ
BATTERY CHARGER PROTECTION
VOUT_OVP
OUT overvoltage rising threshold
VOUT rising, as percentage of VREG
103
104
105
%
VOUT_OVP
OUT overvoltage falling threshold
VOUT falling, as percentage of VREG
101
102
103
%
IOUT_OCP
Output current limit threshold
IOUT rising
0.9
1
1.1
A
TEMPERATURE REGULATION AND TEMPERATURE SHUTDOWN
TREG
TSHUT
Typical junction temperature
regulation
125
°C
Thermal shutdown rising threshold
Temperature increasing
150
°C
Thermal shutdown falling threshold
Temperature decreasing
135
°C
BATTERY-PACK NTC MONITOR
ITS_BIAS
VCOLD
TS nominal bias current
36.5
38
39.5
µA
Cold temperature threshold
TS pin voltage rising (approx. 0°C)
0.99
1.04
1.09
V
Cold temperature exit threshold
TS pin voltage falling (approx. 4°C)
0.83
0.88
0.93
V
Normal to low temperature charge;
Charge current target reduced to 20% TS pin voltage rising (approx. 10°C)
x ISET
650
680
710
mV
Low temperature to normal charge;
Charge current target returns to ISET
TS pin voltage falling (approx. 13°C)
580
610
640
mV
Hot temperature threshold
TS pin voltage falling (approx. 45°C)
176
188
200
mV
Hot temperature exit threshold
TS pin voltage rising (approx. 40°C)
208
220
232
mV
VTS_ENZ
Charge Disable threshold. Crossing
this threshold shall shutdown IC
TS pin voltage falling
40
50
60
mV
VTS_EN
Charge Enable threshold. Crossing
TS pin voltage rising
this threshold shall restart IC operation
65
75
85
mV
VTS_CLAMP
TS maximum voltage clamp
2.3
2.6
2.9
V
0.4
V
1
µA
VCOOL
VHOT
TS pin open-circuit (float)
LOGIC OUTPUT PIN (STAT)
VOL
Output low threshold level
Sink current = 5mA
IOUT_BIAS
High-level leakage current
Pull up rail 3.3V
6.6 Timing Requirements
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
BATTERY CHARGER
tTS_DUTY_ON
TS turn-on time during TS duty cycle mode
100
tTS_DUTY_OFF
TS turn-off time during TS duty cycle mode
2
ms
s
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MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
tOUT_OCP_DGL
Deglitch time for IOUT_OCP, IOUT rising
100
µs
tPRECHG
Pre-charge safety timer accuracy
28.5
30
31.5
min
tSAFETY
Fast-charge safety timer accuracy
9.5
10
10.5
hr
6.7 Typical Characteristics
CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 1 µF
1
1
VREG Accuracy (%)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.6
-0.8
-0.8
-1
4.5
-40°C
0°C
25°C
85°C
105°C
0.8
VREG Accuracy (%)
-40°C
0°C
25°C
85°C
105°C
0.8
-1
4.7
4.9
5.1
IOUT = 20 mA
5.3
5.5 5.7
VIN (V)
5.9
6.1
6.3
0
6.5
10
VOUT = 4.35 V
8
8
6
6
4
2
0
10mA
50mA
100mA
200mA
400mA
600mA
800mA
-2
-4
-6
-8
3.4
VIN = 5 V
3.5 3.6 3.7
VOUT (V)
3.8
3.9
70
80
90
100
VOUT = 4.35 V
4.1
4
2
0
-2
-4
10mA
50mA
100mA
200mA
300mA
-6
-8
-10
-40
Temp = 25ºC
Figure 6-3. ICHG Accuracy vs. VOUT
8
4
ICHG Accuracy (%)
ICHG Accuracy (%)
10
3.3
40
50
60
IOUT (mA)
Figure 6-2. Load Regulation
10
3.2
30
VIN = 5 V
Figure 6-1. Line Regulation
-10
3.1
20
-20
VIN = 5 V
0
20
40
Temperature (°C)
60
80 90
VOUT = 3.8 V
Figure 6-4. ICHG Accuracy vs. Temperature
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6.7 Typical Characteristics (continued)
CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 1 µF
1
800
5VIN, 4.35VREG
0.8
-40°C
0°C
25°C
85°C
105°C
700
0.4
VIN - VOUT (mV)
VREG Accuracy (%)
0.6
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
600
500
400
300
-0.6
200
-0.8
-1
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
Temperature (°C)
80
100
0.25
100
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
IOUT (A)
0.55
0.6
0.65
Figure 6-6. Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current
IOUT = 10 mA
Figure 6-5. VSET Accuracy vs. Temperature
175
1
-40°C
0°C
25°C
85°C
105°C
125
0.8
100
75
50
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
25
0.3
0
0.2
1
2
3
TS Pin = LOW
4
VIN (V)
5
6
7
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
VIN (V)
VOUT = 0 V
ICHG = 0 A
Figure 6-7. Input Shutdown Current vs. Input Voltage
VOUT = 0 V
Figure 6-8. Input Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage
1
10
-40°C
0°C
25°C
85°C
105°C
0.8
0.7
-40°C
0°C
25°C
85°C
105°C
8
6
ITERM Accuracy (%)
0.9
IQ_OUT (µA)
-40°C
0°C
25°C
85°C
105°C
0.9
IQ_IN (mA)
ISD_IN_TS (µA)
150
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
0.1
-8
0
-10
1
2
3
VOUT (V)
4
5
0
VIN = 0 V
10
20
VIN = 5V
Figure 6-9. Output Quiescent Current vs. Output Voltage
30
40
50
ITERM SET (mA)
60
70
80
VOUT = 4.35V
Figure 6-10. Termination Current Accuracy vs. Termination
Current Setting
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The BQ25175 is an integrated 800-mA linear charger for 1-cell Li-Ion/Li-Poly batteries. The device has a single
power output that charges the battery. The system load can be placed in parallel with the battery, as long as the
average system load does not prevent the battery from charging fully within the safety timer duration. When the
system load is placed in parallel with the battery, the input current is shared between the system and the battery.
The device has three phases for charging a Li-Ion/Li-Poly battery: precharge to recover a fully discharged
battery, fast-charge constant current to supply the bulk of the charge, and voltage regulation to reach full
capacity.
The charger includes flexibility in programming of the fast-charge current. This charger is designed to work with
a standard USB connection or dedicated charging adapter (DC output).
The charger also comes with a full set of safety features: battery temperature monitoring, overvoltage protection,
charge safety timers, and configuration pin (ISET) short and open protection. All of these features and more are
described in detail below.
The charger is designed for a single path from the input to the output to charge the battery. Upon application of a
valid input power source, the configuration pins are checked for short/open circuit.
If the battery voltage is below the VBAT_LOWV threshold, the battery is considered discharged and a
preconditioning cycle begins. The amount of precharge current is 20% of the programmed fast-charge current
via the ISET pin. The tPRECHG safety timer is active, and stops charging after expiration if battery voltage fails to
rise above VBAT_LOWV.
Once the battery has charged to the VBAT_LOWV threshold, Fast Charge Mode is initiated, applying the fast
charge current and starting the tSAFETY timer. The fast charge constant current is programmed using the ISET
pin. The constant current phase provides the bulk of the charge. Power dissipation in the IC is greatest in
fast charge with a lower battery voltage. If the IC temperature reaches TREG, the IC enters thermal regulation,
slows the timer clock by half, and reduces the charge current as needed to keep the temperature from rising
any further. Figure 7-1 shows the typical lithium battery charging profile with thermal regulation. Under normal
operating conditions, the IC junction temperature is less than TREG and thermal regulation is not entered.
Once the battery has charged to the regulation voltage, the voltage loop takes control and holds the battery at
the regulation voltage until the current tapers to the termination threshold. The termination threshold is 10% of
the programmed fast-charge current.
Further details are described in Section 7.3.
10
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VREG
PreConditioning
Phase
Thermal
Regulation
Phase
Current
Regulation
Phase
Voltage Regulation and
Charge Termination
Phase
DONE
ICHG
FAST-CHARGE
CURRENT
PRE-CHARGE
CURRENT AND
TERMINATION
THRESHOLD
Battery Current,
IOUT
Battery
Voltage,
VOUT
Charge
Complete
Status,
Charger
Off
VBAT_LOWV
ITERM
IPRECHG
TREG
0A
Temperature, Tj
t PRECHG
t SAFETY
DONE
Figure 7-1. Lithium-Ion Battery Charging Profile with Thermal Regulation
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7.2 Functional Block Diagram
OUT
IN
ICHG
VIN
VIN_OV
INPUT
VSLEEPZ MONITOR
QBLK
CNTRL
VIN_UVLOZ
VBAT
+
ICHG_REF
TREG
+
VREF
VBAT_REF
+
TJ
/PG
CEN
FAULT
ISET
STAT
ICHG_REF
PIN DETECT
&
REF DAC
VBAT_REF
STAT
tSAFETY
TREG
ITERM
ICHG
(VBAT_REF
- VRECHG)
VBAT
tCHARGE
tSAFETY
VBAT_LOWV
VBAT
VBAT_SHORT
VBAT
+
TERM
+
TJ
TSHUT
+
RECHG
TS HOT
+
VHOT
VTS
+
+
TMR_EXP
CHARGE TS COLD
CONTROL
+
BATOVP
+
BATLOW
VTS
VCOLD
VTS_CLAMP
ITS
TS
VTS
VBAT
GND
VOUT_OVP
+
BATSHORT
BATOCP
+
ICHG
IOUT_OCP
FAULT
12
TJSHUT
STATE
MONITOR
STAT
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7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Device Power Up from Input Source
When an input source is plugged in and charge is enabled, the device checks the input source voltage to turn on
all the bias circuits. It detects and sets the charge current and charge voltage limits before the linear regulator is
started. The power up sequence from input source is as listed:
1. ISET pin detection
2. Charger power up
7.3.1.1 ISET Pin Detection
After a valid VIN is plugged in, the device checks the resistor on the ISET pin for a short circuit (RISET <
RISET_SHORT). If a short condition is detected, the charger remains in the FAULT state until the input or TS pin is
toggled. If the ISET pin is open-circuit, the charger proceeds through pin detection and starts the charger with
no charge current. This pin is monitored while charging and changes in RISET while the charger is operating will
immediately translate to changes in charge current.
An external pulldown resistor (±1% or better is recommended to minimize charge current error) from the ISET
pin to GND sets the charge current as:
ICHG
KISET
RISET
(1)
where:
•
•
•
ICHG is the desired fast-charge current
KISET is a gain factor found in the electrical specifications
RISET is the pulldown resistor from the ISET pin to GND
For charge currents below 50 mA, an extra RC circuit is recommended on ISET to achieve a more stable
current signal. For greater accuracy at lower currents, part of the current-sensing FET is disabled to give better
resolution.
7.3.1.2 Charger Power Up
After ISET pin resistor values have been validated, the device proceeds to enable the charger. The device
automatically begins operation at the correct stage of battery charging depending on the OUT voltage.
7.3.2 Battery Charging Features
When charge is enabled, the device automatically completes a charging cycle according to the setting on
the ISET pin without any intervention. The lithium-based charging cycle is automatically terminated when the
charging current is below termination threshold, charge voltage is above recharge threshold, and device is not in
thermal regulation (TREG). When a full battery is discharged below the recharge threshold (VRECHG), the device
automatically starts a new charging cycle. After charge is done, toggling the input supply or the TS pin can
initiate a new charging cycle.
7.3.2.1 Lithium-Ion Battery Charging Profile
The device charges a lithium based battery in four phases: trickle charge, precharge, constant current, and
constant voltage. At the beginning of a charging cycle, the device checks the battery voltage and regulates
current and voltage accordingly.
If the charger is in thermal regulation during charging, the actual charging current is less than the programmed
value. In this case, termination is temporarily disabled and the charging safety timer is counted at half the clock
rate. For more information, refer to Section 7.3.2.3.
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Regulation Voltage
VREG
VRECHG
Battery Voltage
Charge
Current ISET
Charge Current
VBAT_LOWV
VBAT_SHORT
IPRECHG = ISET x 20%
ITERM = ISET x 10%
IBAT_SHORT
Trickle Charge
Pre-charge
Precharge Timer
(30min)
FastCharge CC
TaperCharge CV
Charge
Done
Recharge
Safety
Timer (10hr)
Figure 7-2. Battery Charging Profile
7.3.2.2 Charge Termination and Battery Recharge
The device terminates a charge cycle when the OUT pin voltage is above the recharge threshold (VRECHG)
and the current is below the termination threshold (ITERM). Termination is temporarily disabled when the charger
device is in thermal regulation. After charge termination is detected, the linear regulator turns off and the device
enters the STANDBY state. Once the OUT pin drops below the VRECHG threshold, a new charge cycle is
automatically initiated.
7.3.2.3 Charging Safety Timers
The device has built-in safety timers to prevent an extended charging cycle due to abnormal battery conditions.
The precharge timer is fixed at 30 minutes. The fast-charge safety timer is fixed at 10 hours. When the safety
timer expires, the charge cycle ends. A toggle on the input supply or TS pin is required to restart a charge cycle
after the safety timer has expired.
During thermal regulation, the safety timer counts at half the clock rate as the actual charge current is likely to be
below the ISET setting. For example, if the charger is in thermal regulation throughout the whole charging cycle
and the safety timer is 10 hours, then the timer will expire in 20 hours.
During faults which disable charging, such as VIN OVP, BAT OVP, TSHUT, or TS faults, the timer is suspended.
Once the fault goes away, charging and the safety timer resume. If the charging cycle is stopped and started
again, the timer gets reset (toggle of the TS pin restarts the timer).
The safety timer restarts counting for the following events:
1. Charging cycle stop and restart (toggle TS pin, charged battery falls below recharge threshold, or toggle
input supply)
2. OUT pin voltage crosses the VBAT_LOWV threshold in either direction
The precharge safety timer (fixed counter that runs when VOUT < VBAT_LOWV), follows the same rules as the
fast-charge safety timer in terms of getting suspended, reset, and counting at half-rate.
14
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7.3.2.4 Battery Cold, Hot Temperature Qualification (TS Pin)
While charging, the device continuously monitors battery temperature by sensing the voltage at the TS pin.
A negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor should be connected between the TS and GND pins
(recommend: 103AT-2). If temperature sensing is not required in the application, connect a fixed 10-kΩ resistor
from TS to GND to allow normal operation. Battery charging is allowed when the TS pin voltage falls between
the VCOLD and VHOT thresholds (typically 0°C to 45°C). Charging current is reduced to 20% of the programmed
ISET value when VCOLD > TS > VCOOL (typically 0°C to 10°C). The charging profile can be seen in Figure 7-3.
ISET
VREG
20% x ISET
0°C
10°C
45°C
60°C
Figure 7-3. BQ25175 Charging Profile
If the TS pin indicates battery temperature is outside this range, the device stops charging, enters the STANDBY
state, and blinks the STAT pin. Once battery temperature returns to normal conditions, charging resumes
automatically.
In addition to battery temperature sensing, the TS pin can be used to disable the charger at any time by
pulling TS voltage below VTS_ENZ. The device disables the charger and consumes ISD_IN_TS from the input
supply. In order to minimize quiescent current, the TS current source (ITS_BIAS) is duty-cycled, with an on time
of tTS_DUTY_ON and an off time of tTS_DUTY_OFF. After the TS pin pulldown is released, the device may take up to
tTS_DUTY_OFF to turn the ITS_BIAS back on. After the source is turned on, the TS pin voltage will go above VTS_EN,
and re-enable the charger operation. The device treats this TS pin toggle as an input supply toggle, triggering a
device power up from input source (see Section 7.3.1).
7.3.3 Status Outputs (STAT)
7.3.3.1 Charging Status Indicator (STAT)
The device indicates the charging state on the open-drain STAT pin. This pin can drive an LED.
Table 7-1. STAT Pin State
CHARGING STATE
STAT PIN STATE
Charge completed, charger in Sleep mode or charge disabled (VTS <
VTS_ENZ)
HIGH
Charge in progress (including automatic recharge)
LOW
Fault (VIN OVP, BAT OVP, BAT OCP, TS HOT, TS COLD, TMR_EXP,
or ISET pin short)
BLINK at 1 Hz
7.3.4 Protection Features
The device closely monitors input and output voltages, as well as internal FET current and temperature for safe
linear regulator operation.
7.3.4.1 Input Overvoltage Protection (VIN OVP)
If the voltage at the IN pin exceeds VIN_OV, the device turns off after a deglitch, tVIN_OV_DGL. The safety timer
suspends counting and the device enters Standby mode. Once the IN voltage recovers to a normal level, the
charge cycle and the safety timer automatically resume operation.
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7.3.4.2 Output Overvoltage Protection (BAT OVP)
If the voltage at the OUT pin exceeds VOUT_OVP, the device immediately stops charging. The safety timer
suspends counting and the device enters Standby mode. Once the OUT voltage recovers to a normal level, the
charge cycle and the safety timer resume operation.
7.3.4.3 Output Overcurrent Protection (BAT OCP)
During normal operation, the OUT current should be regulated to the ISET programmed value. However, if a
short circuit occurs on the ISET pin, the OUT current may rise to an unintended level. If the current at the OUT
pin exceeds IOUT_OCP, the device turns off after a deglitch, tOUT_OCP_DGL. The safety timer resets the count, and
the device remains latched off. An input supply or TS pin toggle is required to restart operation.
IOUT_OCP
ICHG
tOUT_OCP_DGL
RISET
Short Circuit
event on ISET
Charger
latched off
Figure 7-4. Overcurrent Protection
7.3.4.4 Thermal Regulation and Thermal Shutdown (TREG and TSHUT)
The device monitors its internal junction temperature (TJ) to avoid overheating and to limit the IC surface
temperature. When the internal junction temperature exceeds the thermal regulation limit, the device
automatically reduces the charge current to maintain the junction temperature at the thermal regulation limit
(TREG). During thermal regulation, the actual charging current is usually below the programmed value on the
ISET pin.
Therefore, the termination comparator for the Lithium-Ion battery is disabled, and the safety timer runs at half the
clock rate.
Additionally, the device has thermal shutdown to turn off the linear regulator when the IC junction temperature
exceeds the TSHUT threshold. The charger resumes operation when the IC die temperature decreases below
the TSHUT falling threshold.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Shutdown or Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
The device is in the shutdown state if the IN pin voltage is less than VIN_LOWV or the TS pin is below VTS_ENZ.
The internal circuitry is powered down, all the pins are high impedance, and the device draws ISD_IN_TS from
the input supply. Once the IN voltage rises above the VIN_LOW threshold and the TS pin is above VTS_EN, the IC
enters Sleep mode or Active mode depending on the OUT pin voltage.
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7.4.2 Sleep Mode
The device is in Sleep mode when VIN_LOWV < VIN < VOUT + VSLEEPZ . The device waits for the input voltage to
rise above VOUT + VSLEEPZ to start operation.
7.4.3 Active Mode
The device is powered up and charges the battery when the TS pin is above VTS_ENZ and the IN voltage ramps
above both VIN_LOWV and VOUT + VSLEEPZ. The device draws IQ_IN from the supply to bias the internal circuitry.
For details on the device power-up sequence, refer to Section 7.3.1.
7.4.3.1 Standby Mode
The device is in Standby mode if a valid input supply is present and charge is terminated or if a recoverable fault
is detected. The internal circuitry is partially biased, and the device continues to monitor for either VOUT to drop
below VRECHG or the recoverable fault to be removed.
7.4.4 Fault Mode
The fault conditions are categorized into recoverable and nonrecoverable as follows:
• Recoverable, from which the device should automatically recover once the fault condition is removed:
– VIN OVP
– BAT OVP
– TS HOT
– TS COLD
• Nonrecoverable, requiring pin or input supply toggle to resume operation:
– BAT OCP
– ISET pin short detected
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8 Application and Implementation
Note
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification,
and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for
determining suitability of components for their purposes, as well as validating and testing their design
implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
A typical application consists of the device configured as a standalone battery charger for single-cell Li-Ion
or Li-Poly chemistries. The charge current is configured using a pulldown resistor on the ISET pin. A battery
thermistor can be connected to the TS pin to allow the device to monitor battery temperature and control
charging. Pulling the TS pin below VTS_ENZ disables the charging function. Charger status is reported via the
STAT pin.
8.2 Typical Applications
8.2.1 Li-Ion Charger Design Example
VIN: 3.0V – 6.6V
IN
OUT
1s Li-Ion
1µF
1µF
1k
System
Load
10k
ISET
GND
STAT
BQ25175
TS
Figure 8-1. BQ25175 Typical Application for 1s Li-Ion Charging at 100 mA
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Input supply up-to 6.6 V
Battery is 1-cell Li-ion
Fast charge current: ICHG = 300 mA
Charge voltage: VREG = 4.35 V
Termination current: ITERM = 10% of ICHG or 30 mA
Precharge current: IPRECHG = 20% of ICHG or 60 mA
TS – Battery temperature sense = 10-kΩ NTC (103AT)
– Charging allowed between battery temperatures of 0ºC to 45ºC, with charge current reduction (IOUT = 20%
x ISET) between 0ºC and 10ºC
TS pin can be pulled low to disable charging or left floating to enable charging
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
Regulation voltage is fixed to 4.35 V, input voltage is 5 V, and charge current is programmed via the ISET pin to
300 mA.
RISET = [KISET / ICHG]
from the Electrical Characteristics table KISET = 300 AΩ
RISET = [300 AΩ/0.3 A] = 1000 Ω
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8.2.1.2.1 TS Function
Use a 10-kΩ NTC thermistor in the battery pack (recommend: 103AT-2). The VCOLD and VHOT thresholds in this
data sheet are designed to meet a charging window between 0°C and 45°C for a 10-kΩ NTC with β = 3435 K.
To disable the TS sense function, use a fixed 10-kΩ resistor between the TS pin and GND. The TS pin can be
pulled down to disable charging.
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8.2.1.3 Application Curves
CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 1 µF, VIN = 5 V, ICHG = 200 mA (unless otherwise specified)
RISET = 1.2 kΩ OUT = open-circuit
RISET = 1.2 kΩ
Figure 8-2. Power Up with Battery
VIN = 5V → 0V
Figure 8-3. Power Up without Battery
TS pulled LOW
Figure 8-5. Charge Disable
Figure 8-4. Power Down
TS pin released
Figure 8-7. IN OVP Response
Figure 8-6. Charge Enable
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VOUT = VREG = 3.5 V → 0 V
ISET = 1.5 kΩ → 0 Ω
Figure 8-8. OUT Short-Circuit Response
Figure 8-9. ISET Short-Circuit Response
Figure 8-11. TS Change Response
ISET = 400 mA → 40 mA
Figure 8-10. ISET Change Response
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9 Power Supply Recommendations
The device is designed to operate from an input voltage supply range between 3.0 V and 6.6 V (up to 30 V
tolerant) and current capability of at least the maximum designed charge current. If located more than a few
inches from the IN and GND pins, a larger capacitor is recommended.
10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
To obtain optimal performance, the decoupling capacitor from the IN pin to the GND pin and the output filter
capacitor from the OUT pin to the GND pin should be placed as close as possible to the device, with short trace
runs to both IN, OUT, and GND.
•
•
All low-current GND connections should be kept separate from the high-current charge or discharge paths
from the battery. Use a single-point ground technique incorporating both the small signal ground path and the
power ground path.
The high current charge paths into the IN pin and from the OUT pin must be sized appropriately for the
maximum charge current in order to avoid voltage drops in these traces.
10.2 Layout Example
OUT
0402
S
0402
STAT
GND
OUT
IN
TS
ISET
STAT
GND
IN
ISET
0402
0402
GND
Figure 10-1. BQ25175 Board Layout Example
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Device Support
11.1.1 Third-Party Products Disclaimer
TI'S PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING THIRD-PARTY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN ENDORSEMENT REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
OR A WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR ENDORSEMENT OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, EITHER
ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY TI PRODUCT OR SERVICE.
11.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. Click on
Subscribe to updates to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has changed. For
change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
11.3 Support Resources
TI E2E™ support forums are an engineer's go-to source for fast, verified answers and design help — straight
from the experts. Search existing answers or ask your own question to get the quick design help you need.
Linked content is provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do
not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use.
11.4 Trademarks
TI E2E™ is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled
with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may
be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published
specifications.
11.6 Glossary
TI Glossary
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
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12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
BQ25175YBGR
ACTIVE
DSBGA
YBG
6
3000
RoHS & Green
SNAGCU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
B75
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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