CC2543-CC2544DK

CC2543/44/45 Development Kits User’s Guide swru318 swru318 Table of contents CC2543/44/45 DEVELOPMENT KITS USER’S GUIDE ................................................................................. 1 1 ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 4 3 ABOUT THIS MANUAL ......................................................................................................................... 4 4 DEVELOPMENT KIT CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... 6 4.1 CC2543-CC2544DK ................................................................................................................................... 6 4.2 CC2545EMK .............................................................................................................................................. 8 5 GETTING STARTED .............................................................................................................................. 9 5.1 SETTING UP THE HARDWARE ........................................................................................................................ 9 5.2 RUNNING THE PREPROGRAMMED PACKET ERROR RATE TEST................................................................... 10 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Program Flow ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Set Up the CC254x Proprietary Mode Packet Error Rate Test ......................................................................................................... 15 CC254x Proprietary Mode Packet Error Rate Test Source Code ..................................................................................................... 15 Evaluate the CC2543/44/45 Radio using SmartRF Studio ................................................................................................................ 16 SETTING UP THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................... 18 5.3 6 RF TESTING........................................................................................................................................... 19 6.1 TX PARAMETER TESTING BASICS .............................................................................................................. 19 6.2 RX PARAMETER TESTING BASICS.............................................................................................................. 20 7 CC2543EM .............................................................................................................................................. 21 8 CC2545EM .............................................................................................................................................. 22 9 CC2544 USB DONGLE .......................................................................................................................... 23 10 SMARTRF05 EVALUATION BOARD ................................................................................................ 25 11 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ................................................................................................ 26 12 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 29 13 DOCUMENT HISTORY ........................................................................................................................ 29 APPENDIX A SETTING UP THE SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT ...................................................... 30 A.1 CREATE THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................................ 30 A.2 PROJECT OPTIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 31 A.3 SELECT DEVICE ......................................................................................................................................... 31 A.4 SELECT CODE AND DATA MODEL .............................................................................................................. 32 A.5 CONFIGURE THE LINKER ............................................................................................................................ 33 A.6 CONFIGURE THE DEBUGGER ...................................................................................................................... 34 A.7 WRITE SOFTWARE ..................................................................................................................................... 35 A.8 COMPILE AND DEBUG ................................................................................................................................ 36 A.9 DONE! ........................................................................................................................................................ 36 APPENDIX B SCHEMATICS AND LAYOUT ........................................................................................ 37 2/37 swru318 1 Acronyms DK EB EM EMK HID IC KB LCD LED LPRF MCU NC PER RF RX SoC TI TX UART USB MHz Development Kit Evaluation Board Evaluation Module Evaluation Module Kit Human Interface Device Integrated Circuit Kilo Byte (1024 byte) Liquid Crystal Display Light Emitting Diode Low Power RF Micro Controller Not connected Packet Error Rate Radio Frequency Receive System on Chip Texas Instruments Transmit Universal Asynchronous Receive Transmit Universal Serial Bus Mega Hertz 3/37 swru318 2 Introduction Thank you for purchasing a CC254x Development Kit. The current development kits in the CC254x family described here are the CC2543-CC2544DK, the CC2545EMK and the CC2541EMK. The Evaluation Module Kits (EMK) are supplementary to the CC2543-CC2544DK as they only consist of two single Evaluation Modules (EM). The CC2543, CC2544 and CC2545 devices are RF SoCs designated for the proprietary 2.4 GHz RF market that can be used in any application, but are tailored for wireless HID applications. The CC2544 is tailored for the USB dongles, the CC2543 for peripheral devices such as wireless mouse applications and the CC2545 for wireless keyboard applications. The single-chip RF transceiver and MCU supports data rates up to 2Mbps, and has extensive baseband automation, including auto-acknowledgement and address decoding. It provides excellent link budget with programmable output power up to +5 dBm, which enables long range without external front-ends. The CC2543, CC2544 and CC2545 devices come with a two-channel DMA which reduces the need of the MCU operating in active mode, hence significantly improves power consumption. In addition they have one 16-bit and two 8-bit timers and 20mA drive strength on selected general purpose I/O pins. They also have a 40-bit radio timer used by the Link Layer Engine. The on-chip voltage regulator supports a wide range of supply voltages, and the CC2544 has a USB 5V to 3.3V regulator. The on-chip MCU is the High-Performance and Low-Power 8051 Microcontroller with Code Prefetch. The CC2544 has full speed USB support with 6 endpoints, separate 1kB FIFO memory, internal pullup and 5V to 3.3V regulator. The CC2543 [1], CC2544 [2] and CC2545 [3] product folders on the web have more information, with datasheets, user guides and application notes. The CC2543-CC2544 Development Kit includes all the necessary hardware to properly evaluate, demonstrate, prototype and develop software for proprietary applications 3 About this manual This manual describes all the hardware included in the CC2543-CC2544 Development Kit (CC2543CC2544DK), the CC2545 Evaluation Module Kit (CC2545EMK) and points the user to other useful information sources. The CC2541 Evaluation Module Kit (CC2541EMK) is also compatible in similar fashion as the CC2545EMK. The CC2541 device has two different modes of operation called “BlueTooth Low Energy Mode” and “Proprietary Mode”. This user guide only covers the “proprietary Mode” of operation and it does not detail the HW and specific details of the CC2541. The CC2541 has more system resources available (256kB FLASH and 8kB RAM size to mention some). Proprietary applications that require more system resources than what the CC2543/44/45 can offer might want to consider using the CC2541. For more information about the CC2541 and the CC2541EMK please visit the product folder page on web and the CC2541EMK web page. Chapter 4 briefly describes the contents of the development kits and chapter 5 gives a quick introduction to how to get started with the kit. In particular, it describes how to install SmartRF Studio to get the required drivers for the evaluation board, how the hardware can be used, and lists the software that is available for the development kit. Chapter 6 explains some simple methods for performing practical RF testing with the development kit. Chapter 7, 8, and 10 describe the hardware in the kit and where to find more information about how to use it. A troubleshooting guide can be found in chapter 11. 4/37 swru318 Appendix A gives a detailed description of how to set up the software development environment for the CC2543, CC2544 and CC2545. The CC2543-CC2544DK Quick Start Guide [6] has a short tutorial on how to get started with the main kit. The CC2545EMK also has a similar Quick Start Guide available on web [7]. The PC tools SmartRF Studio and SmartRF Flash Programmer have their own user manuals. Please visit the CC2543-CC2544DK web page [4], CC2545EMK web page [5] and CC2543 [1], CC2544 [2] and CC2545 [3] product pages for additional information. Further information can be found on the TI LPRF Online Community [10]. See chapter 12 for a list of relevant documents and links. 5/37 swru318 4 4.1 Development Kit contents CC2543-CC2544DK The CC2543-CC2544 Development Kit (CC2543-CC2544DK) includes hardware and software that allows quick testing of the CC2543 and CC2544 RF performance and offers a complete platform for development of advanced prototype RF systems.  Evaluate the CC2543 and the CC2544 right out of the box. The kit can be used for range testing using the pre-programmed PER test application running on the two devices.  Use SmartRF Studio to perform RF measurements. The radio can be easily configured to measure sensitivity, output power and other RF parameters.  Prototype development. All I/O pins from the CC2543 are available on pin connectors on the SmartRF05EB, allowing easy interconnection to peripherals on the EB board or other external sensors and devices. The CC2543-CC2544DK contains the following components  2 x SmartRF05EB (the two large boards)  2 x CC2543 Evaluation Modules (the two small boards)  2 x Antennas (Pulse W1010)  1 x CC2544 USB Dongle  Cables  Documents Figure 1 - CC2543-CC2544 Development Kit Contents. 6/37 swru318 SmartRF05EB The SmartRF05EB (evaluation board) is the main board in the kit with a wide range of user interfaces:  3x16 character serial LCD  Full speed USB 2.0 interface  UART  LEDs  Serial Flash  Potentiometer  Joystick  Buttons The EB is the platform for the evaluation modules (EM) and can be connected to the PC via USB to control the EM. CC2543EM The CC2543EM (evaluation module) contains the RF IC and necessary external components and matching filters for getting the most out of the radio. The module can be plugged into the SmartRF05EB. Use the EM as reference design for RF layout. The links for schematic and layout files can be found in Appendix B. CC2544 USB Dongle The CC2544 USB Dongle is a fully operational USB device that can be plugged into a PC. The Dongle is however not compatible with the SmartRF Protocol Packet Sniffer. The dongle has 2 LEDs, two small push-buttons and connector holes that allow connection of external sensors or devices. The dongle also has a connector for programming and debugging of the CC2544 USB controller. The links for schematic and layout files can be found in Appendix B. Antenna The antenna, W1010 from Pulse, is a ¼ wave dipole antenna with 2 dBi gain. 7/37 swru318 4.2 CC2545EMK The CC2545 Evaluation Module Kit (CC2545EMK) is an add-on module to the CC2543-CC2544DK and the latter must be acquired to be able to use the CC2545EM in the same manner as the CC2543EM. The CC2545EMK contains the following components  2 x CC2545 Evaluation Modules  Documents Figure 2 - CC2545EMK Development Kit Contents. CC2545EM The CC2545EM (evaluation module) contains the RF IC and necessary external components and matching filters for getting the most out of the radio. There is a PCB antenna (Inverted F) which is connected by default to the RF pins on the device. It is also possible to connect the SMA connector instead of the PCB antenna to be able to connect another antenna or coaxial cable if desired. The module can be plugged into the SmartRF05EB. Use the EM as reference design for RF layout. The links for schematic and layout files can be found in Appendix B. 8/37 swru318 5 Getting started 5.1 Setting up the hardware After opening the kit, make sure you have all components. Please contact your TI Sales Representative or TI Support [9] if anything is missing. Start by connecting the antennas to the SMA connector on the RF evaluation boards. Tighten the antenna’s screw firmly on to the SMA connector. If not properly connected, you might get reduced RF performance. It is also possible to connect the EM board to RF instruments via coax cables. The EM is designed to match a 50 Ohm load at the SMA connector. Next, the evaluation modules should be plugged in to the SmartRF05EB. Make sure to set the switch P19 to “SOC/TRX” (right position). The purpose of the SmartRF05EB is to serve as a general I/O board for testing of the various peripherals of the CC2543/45 microcontroller. The EB also contains a separate USB controller, which is used as a bridge between the PC and the CC2543/44/45 for programming the flash of these devices. It is also used for debugging the software running on the devices. The evaluation board can be powered from several different sources:     2 x 1.5V AA Non-rechargeable alkaline batteries USB (via the USB connector) DC power (4 to 10 Volt) (not included in this kit) External regulated power source (not included in this kit) The power source can be selected using jumper P11 on the SmartRF05EB. The SmartRF05EB User’s Guide [11] provides more details. After assembling the hardware, you now have several options for working with the CC2543/44/45:  Run the packet error rate (PER) test which is preprogrammed on the CC2543/44/45. The PER test is a quick way to evaluate the range which can be achieved with the radio. Chapter 5.2 will guide you through the PER test.  Evaluate and explore the RF capabilities of the CC2543/44/45 using SmartRF Studio. Chapter 5.2.5 provides the details how to do so.  Developing software for the CC2543/44/45. Install IAR Embedded Workbench for 8051 and set up your first software project. Chapter 5.3 explains how. 9/37 swru318 5.2 Running the Preprogrammed Packet Error Rate Test 5.2.1 Introduction The CC2543EM, CC2545EM and CC2544Dongle come pre-programmed with a Packet Error Rate (PER) test application. The PER number is the ratio between number of packets being lost and the total number of packets being sent. The PER relates to the more traditional Bit Error Rate (BER) through the formula PER  1  (1  BER ) packet _ length A PER value of 1% is normally used as the limit for determining the sensitivity threshold of the radio. The sensitivity threshold is the lowest input signal strength at which the receiver can decode the signal with a reasonable degree of correctness. By using the PER test on the CC2543/44/45, it is possible to perform practical range testing. Place the transmitter at a fixed location and place the receiver at a given distance from the transmitter. Then run the PER test to measure packet errors and monitor the signal strength. Read the description below for an explanation how the PER and RSSI values are calculated. Repeat at different distances to get an idea of the range that can be obtained. To get an idea of the best performance of the device, the test should be performed outdoors on a large field with no other RF sources to avoid fading, reflections, and uncontrolled interference. Alternatively, the range test can be used to see what range is obtainable in the actual environment where the RF system is going to be deployed. See “DN018 – Range Measurement in an Open Field Environment” [14][14] for considerations and applicable theory for performing open field range measurements. The CC2543-CC2544DK Quick Start Guide (www.ti.com/lit/swru315) gives a detailed step-by-step guide for running the PER test. We recommend following the steps in that guide. Please note the following:  The most natural power source to use for range testing is batteries. There is a voltage regulator on the SmartRF05EB that regulates the voltage to 3.3V on the board, regardless of the voltage from the batteries.  Both boards have to be set up to operate on the same channel. The available channels are in steps of 1 MHz from 2402 MHz up to 2480 MHz.  The PER value is calculated using the following formula: PER  NumPacketsLost  NumPacketsErrors NumPacketsOK  NumPacketsLost  NumPacketsErrors The software is looking at the sequence number of the received packet to determine how many packets are lost since the last received packet. The PER value on the LCD shows the number per 1000 to avoid time consuming floating point calculations on the controller. That is, if the LCD shows a PER of 6 ‰, the PER value is 0.6%.  The RSSI value shown on the LCD is in dBm and represents a running average RSSI value from the last 8 received packets. The RSSI value will never be the same for all packets even though the boards are located at the same distance from each other. This is caused by interfering signals, reflections, thermal noise etc. The source code for the PER test, and an Intel HEX file ready to be programmed on the device is available on the CC2543-CC2544DK web site [4]. 10/37 swru318 5.2.2 Program Flow The PER test has two modes of operation, MASTER mode and REMOTE mode. The CC2543/45 can run both modes while the CC2544 can only run the MASTER mode. This is because the CC2544 is mounted on the CC2544 USB Dongle board which has no graphical user interfaces (required for configuration of REMOTE mode operation). When the CC2544Dongle is powered up it automatically enters MASTER mode and no further action is required from the user. In this section the PER test will be explained for the CC2543EM mounted on the SmartRF05EB. The CC2545EM comes preprogrammed with the same program and can be used the same way as the CC2543EM. The Source code is also compatible with the CC2541EM (CC2541 in proprietary mode). To get a quick walkthrough on how to set up the PER test refer to the “CC2543-CC2544DK Quick Start Guide” [6]. A printed copy of this is included in the kit. The source code for the PER test can be downloaded from the kit product page [8]. When the preloaded PER test is running on the CC2543EM (mounted on the SmartRF05EB) the user will be presented with a choice between the two modes of operation (MASTER and REMOTE). The operations of these two modes are presented below. 5.2.2.1 MASTER Mode When a device enters the MASTER mode it can be described as a MASTER device. When this mode is started the program enters the state called “masterBeaconMode”. In this state the device configures the radio in a default state (Modulation: GFSK, Data rate: 250kbps, Frequency: 2402 MHz) and starts transmitting a beacon packet every 10 milliseconds. After every transmitted packet the MASTER device listens for an acknowledgement packet containing configuration settings for a new PER test. If this configuration packet is received, the MASTER device reads out the packet content and then enters the “masterTxMode” state. In this state the radio is configured according the settings given in the configuration packet. Then the radio starts transmitting the given number of packets at an interval of 10 milliseconds. For every sent packet the REMOTE device will send an empty acknowledgement. If the MASTER device receives these acknowledgements the bottom line on the LCD display will state the following status: “Remote: ONLINE”. If the MASTER device does not receive these acknowledgments the bottom line will show: “Remote: OFFLINE”. After the MASTER device is finished transmitting all the packets, it will go back to the “masterBeaconMode” state and send a beacon packet every 10 millisecond. 5.2.2.2 REMOTE Mode When a device enters the REMOTE mode it can be described as a REMOTE device. When this mode is started the program queries the user for a PER test configuration. It will ask the user to choose the frequency, modulation type, packet length, number of packets to be sent and LNA gain (Only for data rates ≠ 2Mpbs). All of these options will be stored in an array called “ackConfig”. The joystick (U1) and button1 (S1) on the SmartRF05EB are used to change and select the different options for the test configuration. After the choices have been completed by the user, the program enters the state called “remoteSetupMode”. In this state the REMOTE device configures the radio in a default state (Modulation: GFSK, Data rate: 250kbps, Frequency: 2402 MHz) and starts to listen for beacon packets from a MASTER device. If it receives a beacon packet, the REMOTE device will transmit an acknowledgement containing the information previously stored in the “ackConfig” array. It will repeat this whole process for 100 milliseconds in case the MASTER device does not receive some of the initial acknowledgement packets. If it has not received a beacon packet and transmitted an acknowledgement within 100 milliseconds, the LCD will display the following message: “No Beacon Signal”. The user can then choose to retry by pushing button1 on the SmartRF05EB or to set up a new test by pushing the joystick (U1) up and then pressing button1(S1). 11/37 swru318 If a beacon packet was received and an acknowledgement was sent the program enters the state called “remoteRxMode”. In this state the REMOTE device go in to a Rx mode and continuously updates the LCD on the SmartRF05EB with the packet error rate, the Received Signal Strength Indication value (RSSI) and number of good packets received. When the test is finished the user is presented with the final result. The user can then move the joystick up and down to access the other result screens which contains more statistics and also settings used in the test. If the user pushes button1 (S1) a choice between restarting the same test again or to set up a new test is presented. 5.2.2.3 Flow Chart In “Figure 3 - Mode Selection Flow Chart.”, “Figure 4 - Simplified Flow Chart for Master Mode.” and “Figure 5 - Simplified Flow Chart for Remote Mode.” a simplified flow chart describing the PER test functionality is presented. Here the reader can see the program flow for the PER test running on the CC2543EM mounted on a SmartRF05EB. Several minor details of the program are omitted. Figure 3 - Mode Selection Flow Chart. 12/37 swru318 Figure 4 - Simplified Flow Chart for Master Mode. 13/37 swru318 Figure 5 - Simplified Flow Chart for Remote Mode. 14/37 swru318 5.2.3 Set Up the CC254x Proprietary Mode Packet Error Rate Test The PER test can be set up between any combination of CC2543EM and CC2545EM. The CC2544Dongle has no graphical user interface so it is limited to MASTER mode operation. It is set to the MASTER mode by default when powered. This implies that only one single CC2544 dongle can be used towards any of the CC2543/45 Evaluation Modules. Make sure that only one MASTER device is running! The use of multiple MASTER devices will cause the PER test to malfunction. This is because the REMOTE device will auto-acknowledge all beacon signals from any MASTER device and multiple MASTER devices might then start transmitting simultaneously. After a single MASTER device has been powered up, leave it on the desired test location and continue setting up a REMOTE device. The test can be set up and started remotely through the REMOTE device. If the user needs to restart the test at any time while a test is running, simply press “Button 1” (S1) on the SmartRF05EB. While the button is pressed the test is halted on the REMOTE device while the MASTER device continues normal operation. When the button is released the REMOTE device remotely restarts the test for both MASTER and REMOTE. If the user wants to set up a new test while a test is running, simply push the joystick like a button. The REMOTE device will remotely make the MASTER abort the current test and make it go back to beacon mode. At the REMOTE device the user will be queried for the configuration for a new test. This happens when the joystick is pressed, there is no functionality linked to the release of the joystick button. The REMOTE device achieves this by responding with a command character in acknowledgement payload which is transmitted in response to a received packet from the MASTER device. 5.2.4 CC254x Proprietary Mode Packet Error Rate Test Source Code The Source code for CC254x Proprietary Packet Error Rate Test can be found here [8]. The Application supports the CC2541EM, CC2543EM, CC2544Dongle and the CC2545EM. The source code can be a good starting point for developing custom proprietary solutions. 5.2.4.1 Power Saving Feature The power saving features in the packet error rate test application is disabled by default. To enable the power saving feature, set the following define in the C/C++ Compiler Preprocessor Defined symbols equal to 1 like this: “POWER_SAVING=1”. The power saving scheme implemented is not optimized for the absolute lowest power consumption possible, but it is set up as an example on different ways to enable the different power modes available on the CC254x devices. 15/37 swru318 5.2.5 Evaluate the CC2543/44/45 Radio using SmartRF Studio SmartRF Studio is a PC application developed for configuration and evaluation of many of the RF-IC products from Texas Instruments, including the CC2543 and CC2544. The application communicates with the CC2543/44/45 via the USB controller (the CC2511) on the SmartRF05EB board. The USB controller uses the debug interface of the CC2543/44/45 to execute commands and to read and write registers. Refer to Figure 12 - CC2544 USB Dongle connected to SmartRF05EB for a picture showing how to connect the CC2544Dongle to the SmartRF05EB. SmartRF Studio lets you explore the radio on the CC2543/44, as it gives you full overview and access to the radio registers. The tool has a control interface for running basic radio performance tests from the PC. SmartRF Studio also offers a flexible code export function of radio register settings for software developers. Before proceeding, please download and install the latest version of SmartRF Studio from the web [12]. By installing Studio, the USB drivers needed for proper interaction between the PC and the hardware of the CC2543-CC2544DK will also be installed. In order to use the SmartRF Studio with CC2543/44/45, connect the CC2543/45EM or CC2544Dongle to the SmartRF05EB. Next, connect the SmartRF05EB board to the PC via one of the USB cables included in the kit. If you have installed SmartRF Studio, select automatic installation of driver in the device wizard that appears. The device wizard will only pop up when you turn on the SmartRF05EB and only once for each board. Allow Windows to complete the driver installation before proceeding. With the board connected to the PC, you can start SmartRF Studio. The following window should appear: Figure 6 - CC2543 and CC2544 in SmartRF Studio The connected evaluation board should be listed, showing that a CC2543 or CC2544 is available. The list is dynamically updated as you connect or disconnect a board. Double click on the highlighted CC2543 or CC2544 device icon and a new window will appear. We will use the CC2543 in this guide. 16/37 swru318 Figure 7 - CC2543 control panel in SmartRF Studio Figure 7 shows the main control panel for the CC2543. It lets you perform a number of operations:  Run TX Test modes for testing of RF output power and spectrum; e.g. by connecting a spectrum analyser or a power meter to the CC2543EM SMA connector to perform RF measurements.  Run Packet TX and RX tests. For this test, you should either have two EBs with CC2543EMs connected to the PC or two EBs connected to one CC2544Dongle and a CC243EM. o Double click on both of the devices in the device list in SmartRF Studio (Figure 6), opening one “Device Control Panel” for each device, giving control of the two radios at the same time. o Select one device to be the transmitter, by selecting the “Packet TX” tab shown in the lower middle of Figure 7. o On the other device (the receiver), select the “Packet RX” tab. o Set up basic test parameters and press the “Start” button on the receiver. o Now you can start transmission by pressing the “Start” button for the transmitter. o The status window will show the number of packets sent on the transmitter side and the number of received packets and signal strength of the last received packet on the receiver side.  Read and/or modify registers and common settings, such as RF frequency (or channel) and output power.  Export device register values in a user modifiable format by clicking the “Code export” button in the Register view panel (on the left side). The SmartRF Studio User Manual has more details. 17/37 swru318 5.3 Setting up the Software Development Environment To develop software and debug an application on the CC2543/44/45, it is recommended to use IAR Embedded Workbench. It supports debugging of CC2543/44/45 through the SmartRF05EB, so no additional hardware is required. IAR EW8051 is bundled with all the required files for CC2543/44/45 to start development:    Register definition header file Linker command file Driver and device description file needed for debugging and programming Note that other compilers and linkers can be used, but these tools may have limited debugging capabilities. An evaluation version of IAR Embedded Workbench is included in the Development Kit. To install the software, insert the CD and follow the instructions. You will be asked to register on IAR’s web site to get a license key for the product. As the owner of a CC2543-CC2544 Development Kit, you are entitled to a 60 day evaluation period. The evaluation version in the kit automatically gives you 30 days. Please contact your local IAR sales representative for the additional 30-days evaluation period. For a list of sales offices and distributors in your country, please see this site: http://www.iar.com/contact. Appendix A in this document will guide you through the steps of setting up your own project from scratch. 18/37 swru318 6 RF Testing NB! When running RF performance tests, it is recommended to disable all other peripherals on the SmartRF05EB in order to avoid unwanted noise on the on-board voltage. In particular, make sure the RS232 level converter/line driver is disabled. RF testing can be performed by using SmartRF Studio together with the Development Kit. The basic set-up is described in section 5.2.5. As described in that chapter, SmartRF Studio can be used to set up basic tests and tune RF registers accordingly. Since the CC2543/45 evaluation module is equipped with an SMA connector, both radiated (via antenna) and conducted (via cable) tests can be performed, and it is easy to hook the EM up to RF measurement equipment. For the CC2544Dongle it is only possible with radiated tests as this device has an on board PCB antenna. The RF equipment may be connected in two different ways.   To measure radiated performance, connect an appropriate antenna to the spectrum analyzer or power meter and an antenna on the EM board. To measure conducted performance, connect a 50 Ohm coaxial cable directly from the EM to the RF equipment. 50 Ohm coax cable Spectrum Analyser CC2530EM CC2543EM SmartRF05EB USB Figure 8 - RF Test Set-Up with a Spectrum analyzer By using good-quality RF cabling, the loss in the cabling should be negligible. However make sure that the spectrum analyzer is calibrated. If possible, check it against a calibrated instrument such as an RF signal generator. Un-calibrated spectrum analyzers can display errors of several dBs. For more information regarding RF testing, refer to “Application Note 103 -- Basic RF Testing of CCxxxx Devices” [15]. 6.1 TX Parameter Testing Basics To investigate the TX performance of the CC2543/44/45, you can either use a Spectrum Analyzer or an RF Power Meter. Use the “Continuous TX” test mode in SmartRF Studio to set up the device to transmit a signal at the desired frequency. Both a modulated or un-modulated carrier signal can be generated. Use the RF Power Meter to observe the output power or the spectrum analyzer to observe the spectrum and to measure the error vector magnitude (EVM). 19/37 swru318 6.2 RX Parameter Testing Basics To investigate the RX performance of the CC2543/44/45, you can use a signal generator or “Packet TX” in SmartRF Studio (with another EB+EM) to generate the packets to receive. The receiver can be configured by using the “Packet RX” test feature in SmartRF Studio. By adding a jammer (a third node that generates either noise on the same channel or a strong signal on an adjacent channel) it is also possible to measure co-channel rejection and selectivity/blocking performance. The PER test application, that was described in section 5.2, can be used for simple sensitivity measurements with the CC2543EM, CC2545EM and/or with your own prototype hardware. In this case, connect the unit you want to test to a known good transmitter with coaxial cables and attenuators. Add more attenuators until the PER value is 1%. The signal strength at the receiver side is then the sensitivity limit of the system. For more information regarding sensitivity measurements, refer to “Design Note 2 – Practical Sensitivity Testing” [13]. 20/37 swru318 7 CC2543EM SMA antenna connector 32 MHz Crystal CC2543 Figure 9 - CC2543 Evaluation Module The CC2543EM is a complete RF module based on one of the recommended reference designs for the CC2543 radio. The module is equipped with a 32 MHz crystal, external passive components for the balun and antenna match filter, a SMA connector for the antenna or any other RF instrument connection and general IO headers/connectors. The table below shows the pin-out from the CC2543 to the two connectors on the backside of the evaluation module. CC2543 Signal P1 P1 CC2543 Signal CC2543 Signal P2 P2 CC2543 Signal GND 1 2 NC NC 1 2 GND P0.4 3 4 NC NC 3 4 NC P0.1 5 6 P1.0 NC 5 6 NC P0.2 7 8 NC VDD 7 8 NC P0.3 9 10 P2.1 VDD 9 10 NC P0.0 11 12 P2.2 NC 11 12 P0.6 NC 13 14 P1.1 NC 13 14 P0.7 P0.6 15 16 P1.2 RESET 15 16 NC NC 17 18 P1.4 P0.7 17 18 P0.5 GND 19 20 P1.3 P2.0 19 20 NC Table 1 - CC2543EM pin-out The part number of the EM connector is SFM-110-02-SM-D-A-K-TR from Samtec. It mates with the TFM-110-02-SM-D-A-K-TR, also from Samtec. Follow the links in Appendix B to find the reference design files to get any further details. 21/37 swru318 8 CC2545EM PCB antenna, (Inverted F) SMA antenna connector Antenna Selection, PCB antenna connected with 0-ohm resistor by default 32 MHz Crystal 32 kHz Crystal CC2545 Figure 10 - CC2545 Evaluation Module The CC2545EM is a complete RF module based on one of the recommended reference designs for the CC2545 radio. The module is equipped with a 32 MHz crystal, 32 kHz crystal, external passive components for the balun and antenna match filter, Integrated inverted F PCB antenna and a SMA connector for the antenna or any other RF instrument connection and general IO headers/connectors. The table below shows the pin-out from the CC2545 to the two connectors on the backside of the evaluation module. CC2545 Signal P1 P1 CC2545 Signal CC2545 Signal P2 P2 CC2545 Signal GND 1 2 P3.0 P3.6 1 2 GND P0.4 3 4 P3.7 NC 3 4 P3.4 P0.1 5 6 P1.0 NC 5 6 P3.5 P0.2 7 8 P3.2 VDD 7 8 P1.5 P0.3 9 10 P1.3 VDD 9 10 P1.6 P0.0 11 12 P1.4 P3.1 11 12 P2.5 P1.1 13 14 P2.1 P3.3 13 14 P2.6 P0.6 15 16 P2.2 RESET 15 16 P2.4 P0.7 17 18 P2.7 P1.2 17 18 P0.5 GND 19 20 P2.3 P2.0 19 20 NC Table 2 - CC2545EM pin-out The part number of the EM connector is SFM-110-02-SM-D-A-K-TR from Samtec. It mates with the TFM-110-02-SM-D-A-K-TR, also from Samtec. Follow the links in Appendix B to find the reference design files to get any further details. 22/37 swru318 9 CC2544 USB Dongle LED2 Button S2 Meandred Inverted F-antenna CC2544 Right IO test holes LED1 Button S1 Debug connector (underneath = bottom layer) Left IO test holes Figure 11 - CC2544 USB Dongle The CC2544 USB dongle that is included in the kit comes preprogrammed such that it can be used as a MASTER device in the PER test. The functionality of the PER test is described in section 5.2. The USB dongle can also be used as a general development board for USB and RF software. Table 3 shows which CC2544 signals are connected to what IO on the dongle. The IO holes on each side of the CC2544Dongle are numbered from 1 to 4 where 1 is the one closest to the USB connector. Left IO Holes CC2544 Right IO CC2544 Holes Dongle User IO CC2544 1 P1.0 1 P0.0 Green LED (LED1) P0.2 2 P1.1 3 P1.2 2 P0.1 Red LED (LED2) P0.1 3 P0.2 Button S1 P0.0 4 P1.3 4 P0.3 Button S2 P0.3 Table 3 - CC2544 USB Dongle Pin-out In order to debug and program firmware on the CC2544, the CC2544 USB dongle can be connected to the SmartRF05EB as shown in the picture below. The small adapter board and flat cable is included in the development kit. Follow the links in Appendix B to find the reference design files to get any further details. 23/37 swru318 Figure 12 - CC2544 USB Dongle connected to SmartRF05EB The debug connector on the CC2544 USB Dongle matches the debug connector on the SmartRF05EB (and the CC Debugger). Note that, by default, the CC2544 dongle is not powered through the debug connector, so an external power source must be used while programming. The easiest solution is to connect it to a USB port on the PC. The table below shows the pin out of the debug connector. Pin # Connection 1 GND 2 VDD 3 CC2544 P1.2 (DC) 4 CC2544 P1.3 (DD) 5 NC 6 NC 7 CC2544 RESET 8 NC 9 NC 10 NC Table 4 – CC2544 USB Dongle Debug Connector Refer to the schematics (in the appendices) and layout (available on the web) for additional details. 24/37 swru318 10 SmartRF05 Evaluation Board The SmartRF05 Evaluation Board is thoroughly described in the SmartRF05EB User’s Guide [11]. That document will describe the hardware features in detail and provide the schematics for the board. 25/37 swru318 11 Frequently Asked Questions Q1 When connecting the SmartRF05EB to my PC via USB, the dialog window seen in below (Figure 13 - Found New Hardware Dialog Box) appears. Why? What should I do? Figure 13 - Found New Hardware Dialog Box A1 The SmartRF05EB will be recognized as a USB device by the operating system, and it will ask the user to provide information about which USB driver that should be associated with the device. If you have installed SmartRF Studio, just follow the instructions and select “Automatic installation”. Windows should find the required driver automatically. The drivers are included in the SmartRF Studio installation. Q2 SmartRF05EB with the CC2543/45EM or CC2544Dongle is not detected by IAR/SmartRF Studio. Why? It might be that the USB driver installation failed. The most common reasons are either Windows not finding the driver or the user ignoring the “Found New Hardware Wizard”. First of all, make sure you have installed SmartRF Studio, which includes the appropriate drivers for the evaluation board. The drivers for the evaluation board are normally located in the directory C:\Program Files (x86)\Texas Instruments\SmartRF Tools\Drivers, where C:\Program Files (x86)\Texas Instruments\SmartRF Tools\ is the default root installation directory for SmartRF Studio. The path may be different if you have chosen a different installation directory for SmartRF Studio. Next, make sure you follow the steps in the hardware wizard. It is necessary to follow the steps for driver installation for each new board that is connected to the PC. If the automatic driver installation (as described in A1 above) fails, please select manual installation of drivers. When prompted by the wizard, select “Browse my computer for driver software”. You will see the following window seen in Figure 14 - Browse for Driver Software. 26/37 swru318 Figure 14 - Browse for Driver Software If the above fails, select “Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer.” A new window will open, asking for a location of where drivers can be found. Locate the SmartRF05EB file and select that driver for installation. Finally, verify that the device is associated with the correct driver by opening the Device Manager on your PC. When the EB is connected, the “Cebal controlled devices” list contains “SmartRF05EB” like seen in Figure 15 - SmartRF05EB in Device Manager. Figure 15 - SmartRF05EB in Device Manager 27/37 swru318 If the board is listed as an unknown device or associated with another driver, right click the device in the Device Manager and select Uninstall. After uninstalling, unplug the board from the PC and plug it in again. The “Found New Hardware Wizard” should re-appear. Follow the steps as outlined in the beginning of this section. Q3 How do I measure the current consumption of the CC2543/45? A3 The easiest way to measure current consumption of the chip in various modes is to connect the EM directly to the SmartRF05EB and disconnect everything on the board that consumes power by removing all jumpers. The jumper on header P13 should not be removed. Connect the ampere meter between the two terminals on P15. On P10, the jumper for the EM_RESET signal (connector 35-36) should be mounted. On P1, no jumpers are required, but in order to control the SoC from a debugger, mount a jumper between 19-20 (DBG_DD) and 21-22 (DBG_DD). Make sure the RS232 Enable switch is in the “disable” position. Use SmartRF Studio to set the radio in different modes (RX, TX, etc.), or download an application on the CC2543 setting the device in the preferred state. Q4 Can I use another compiler than IAR to develop software for CC2543/44/45? A4 Yes, there are several tools available that can be used for CC2543/44/45. Any 8051 compiler (e.g. Keil, GCC, and SDCC) can, in theory, be used. Note that these tools may have limited debugging support for CC2543/44/45. 28/37 swru318 12 References [1] CC2543 product web site http://www.ti.com/product/cc2543 [2] CC2544 product web site http://www.ti.com/product/cc2544 [3] CC2545 product web site http://www.ti.com/product/cc2545 [4] CC2543-CC2544DK web site http://www.ti.com/tool/cc2543-cc2544dk [5] CC2545EMK web site http://www.ti.com/tool/cc2545emk [6] CC2543-CC2544DK Quick Start Guide http://www.ti.com/lit/swru315 [7] CC2545EMK Quick Start Guide http://www.ti.com/lit/swru320 [8] CC254x Proprietary Mode Packet Error Rate Test Source Code http://www.ti.com/litv/zip/swrc251 [9] Texas Instruments Support http://support.ti.com [10] Texas Instruments Low Power RF Online Community http://www.ti.com/lprf-forum [11] SmartRF05EB User’s Guide http://www.ti.com/lit/swru210 [12] SmartRF Studio http://www.ti.com/smartrfstudio [13] DN002 -- Practical Sensitivity Testing http://www.ti.com/lit/swra097 [14] DN018 -- Range Measurements in an Open Field Environment http://www.ti.com/lit/swra169 [15] AN103 -- Basic RF Testing of CCxxxx Devices http://www.ti.com/lit/swra370 [16] IAR Embedded Workbench for 8051 http://www.iar.com 13 Document history Revision Date A B 2012-04-20 2013-04-26 2013-05-07 Description/Changes First revision. Added Description for the CC2545 and small updates to content. Corrected content. 29/37 swru318 Appendix A Setting up the Software Environment This appendix will guide you through the initial steps of setting up a complete software development environment with IAR Embedded Workbench for 8051. Version 8.10 (and newer) of the tool supports CC2543/44/45 out-of-the-box. In this example we will explain how to set up a project for the CC2543. The same procedure can be used for the CC2544/45 by simply replacing all references to “CC2543” with “CC2544” or “CC2545”. A.1 Create the project After installing IAR EW8051, start the application. Then select the “Create New Project” under the Project option like shown in Figure 16 - Create a New Project in IAR. Figure 16 - Create a New Project in IAR Figure 17 - Create New Project Dialog Box 30/37 swru318 Select Empty project and click OK as illustrated in Figure 17 - Create New Project Dialog Box. You will now be asked to save the project. Select an appropriate name for the project and save it. The dialog window will close and the project will be listed in the “workspace” panel at the left side of the IDE. A.2 Project Options Right click the project to set up the project options like shown in Figure 18 - "blinky" Project Options. Figure 18 - "blinky" Project Options A.3 Select Device In the dialog window that appears, the first thing that is required is to select the device for which the project is built. Click on the button next to the device field marked in red in Figure 19 - Device Information in General Options for Project Figure 19 - Device Information in General Options for Project 31/37 swru318 A new window will appear (seen in Figure 20 - Select Device Configuration File) that allows you to browse through the device configuration files to choose an appropriate device. Select the CC2543F32 file from the \8051\devices\Texas Instruments folder. This .i51 device description file contains basic information about the chip. Figure 20 - Select Device Configuration File Back in the General Options view, you will see that CC2543 is now the selected device. “CPU core” should be set to Plain. A.4 Select Code and Data Model Next, select code model. Use “Near”. The default data model for the Near code model is Small. The data model determines how the compiler & linker use the memory of the 8051 for storage of variables. With the small data model, variables are typically stored in the DATA memory space. For the large data model, variables are stored in XDATA. The CC254x User Guide and IAR 8051 C/C++ Compiler Reference Guide have more information about the various memory spaces. The important thing to remember is that the 8051 core uses different instructions to access the various memory spaces. Access to DATA is, in general, much quicker than accessing XDATA, but there is normally much more XDATA available than DATA. 32/37 swru318 For this example, we use Near code model and large data model. The stack can be placed in XDATA. After setting up the above option, you should have the settings seen in Figure 21 - General Device Target Options. Figure 21 - General Device Target Options A.5 Configure the Linker Next, you will need to instruct the IDE what linker command file to use. The linker command file contains information the linker uses in order to place code and variables in ram and flash. Thus, the linker file must match the flash and ram size of device you are working with. Normally, the linker file should be tailor-made to an application for optimum performance, but the default command file will work with most applications. Use the default configuration file (refer to setup in Figure 22 - Linker Options for Project). Figure 22 - Linker Options for Project 33/37 swru318 A.6 Configure the Debugger Finally, in the debugger section, chose “Texas Instruments” for the Driver (see Figure 23 - Debugger Options for Project). Figure 23 - Debugger Options for Project All the other project options can be left as is and you can close the Project Options dialog by clicking OK. 34/37 swru318 A.7 Write Software At this point, the project is configured and you can write your first lines of code. We will show a small blinking LED example. In the project, create a new file that you save as blinky.c. Type the following code: #include int main(void) { int i; // Set P1.0 of CC2543 as output P1DIR |= 0x01; // Toggle P1.0 for(;;) { P1_0 ^= 1; for(i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { asm("NOP"); } } } The code will toggle P1.0 quickly. Add the file to the project by right clicking the project and selecting Add “blinky.c” as seen in Figure 24 - Add Source File to Project. Figure 24 - Add Source File to Project You are now ready to compile and download the code to the target! 35/37 swru318 A.8 Compile and Debug Select “Project  Make” from the menu (or press F7) to build the project. The IDE will now compile, assemble and link the files in the project to generate an executable that can be downloaded to the target. A message window at the bottom of the screen should show the progress and indicate that the project was built successfully. Next, download the application to the target by selecting “Project  Debug” from the menu (or press Ctrl+D). The application will now be downloaded to the target and you can start stepping through the code from main. Figure 25 - Stepping Through Code in Debug Mode A.9 Done! Congratulations! You have just made your first CC2543 software project in IAR. 36/37 swru318 Appendix B Schematics and Layout Please refer to the following pages for the schematics and/or layout for:  CC2543 Evaluation Module http://www.ti.com/product/cc2544  CC2544 USB Dongle http://www.ti.com/tool/cc2544em-rd  CC2545 Evaluation Module http://www.ti.com/tool/cc2545em-rd  SmartRF05 Evaluation Board http://www.ti.com/lit/swru210 37/37 EVALUATION BOARD/KIT/MODULE (EVM) ADDITIONAL TERMS Texas Instruments (TI) provides the enclosed Evaluation Board/Kit/Module (EVM) under the following conditions: The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods. Further, the user indemnifies TI from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods. Should this evaluation board/kit not meet the specifications indicated in the User’s Guide, the board/kit may be returned within 30 days from the date of delivery for a full refund. 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