INA230
SBOS601A – FEBRUARY 2012 – REVISED DECEMBER 2021
INA230 36-V, 16-Bit, I2C Output Current, Voltage and Power Monitor With Alert
1 Features
3 Description
•
•
•
•
The INA230 is a current-shunt and power monitor
with an I2C interface that features 16 programmable
addresses. The INA230 monitors both shunt voltage
drops and bus supply voltage. Programmable
calibration value, conversion times, and averaging,
combined with an internal multiplier, enable direct
readouts of current in amperes and power in watts.
•
•
•
•
Bus voltage sensing from 0 V to 36 V
High- or low-side sensing
Current, voltage, and power reporting
High accuracy:
– 0.3% gain error (maximum)
– 25-μV offset (maximum)
Configurable averaging options
Programmable alert threshold
Power supply operation: 2.7 V to 5.5 V
Packages:
– 16-pin RGT (VQFN)
– 10-pin DGS (VSSOP)
The INA230 senses current on buses that vary from 0
V to 36 V, with the device powered from a single 2.7-V
to 5.5-V supply, drawing 330 μA (typical) of supply
current. The INA230 is specified over the operating
temperature range of –40°C to +125°C.
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
Servers
Computers
Power management
Battery chargers
Power supplies
Test equipment
Telecom equipment
INA230
(1)
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
VQFN (16)
3.00 mm × 3.00 mm
VSSOP (10)
3.00 mm × 3.00 mm
For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
Power Supply
(0 V to 36 V)
CBYPASS
0.1 mF
HighSide
Shunt
VS
(Supply Voltage)
VBUS
SDA
SCL
´
Load
Power Register
V
2
VIN+
LowSide
Shunt
Current Register
ADC
I
VIN–
Voltage Register
I C or SMBus
Compatible
Interface
Alert
A0
Alert Register
A1
GND
Typical Application
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
INA230
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SBOS601A – FEBRUARY 2012 – REVISED DECEMBER 2021
Table of Contents
1 Features............................................................................1
2 Applications..................................................................... 1
3 Description.......................................................................1
4 Revision History.............................................................. 2
5 Related Products............................................................. 3
6 Pin Configuration and Functions...................................3
7 Specifications.................................................................. 4
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings........................................ 4
7.2 ESD Ratings............................................................... 4
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions.........................4
7.4 Thermal Information....................................................4
7.5 Electrical Characteristics.............................................5
7.6 Timing Requirements (I2C)......................................... 7
7.7 Typical Characteristics................................................ 8
8 Detailed Description...................................................... 11
8.1 Overview................................................................... 11
8.2 Functional Block Diagram......................................... 11
8.3 Feature Description...................................................11
8.4 Device Functional Modes..........................................14
8.5 Programming............................................................ 16
8.6 Register Maps...........................................................21
9 Application and Implementation.................................. 27
9.1 Application Information............................................. 27
9.2 Typical Applications.................................................. 27
10 Power Supply Recommendations..............................29
11 Layout........................................................................... 30
11.1 Layout Guidelines................................................... 30
11.2 Layout Example...................................................... 30
12 Device and Documentation Support..........................32
12.1 Documentation Support.......................................... 32
12.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates..32
12.3 Support Resources................................................. 32
12.4 Trademarks............................................................. 32
12.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution..............................32
12.6 Glossary..................................................................32
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information.................................................................... 32
4 Revision History
Changes from Revision * (February 2012) to Revision A (December 2021)
Page
• Added ESD Ratings table, Recommended Operating Conditions table, Feature Description section, Device
Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout
section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
section................................................................................................................................................................ 1
• Updated the numbering format for tables, figures, and cross-references throughout the document..................1
• Added the DGS (VSSOP) package.................................................................................................................... 1
• Increased common-mode voltage range............................................................................................................ 4
• Improved common-mode rejection, offset, and gain error specifications .......................................................... 5
2
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5 Related Products
Table 5-1. Related Products
DESCRIPTION
DEVICE
36-V, 16-Bit, High-Side or Low-Side Measurement, Current and Power Monitor
INA226
48-V, 16-Bit, Ultra-Precise, Current, Voltage, and Power Monitor
INA236
85-V, 16-Bit, Precision Power Monitor
INA237
28-V, 12-Bit, Current, Voltage, and Power Monitor
INA234
26-V, Zerø-Drift, Bidirectional Current Power Monitor
INA219
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
NC
NC
NC
IN+
A1
IN-
A0
VBUS
ALERT
GND
VS
SDA
SCL
NC
NC
NC
Figure 6-1. RGT Package 16-Pin VQFN (Top View)
A1 1
10 IN+
A0
2
9 IN–
Alert
3
8 VBUS
SDA
4
7 GND
SCL
5
6 VS
Figure 6-2. DGS Package 10-Pin VSSOP (Top View)
Table 6-1. Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
VQFN
VSSOP
A0
2
2
Digital input
Address pin. Connect to GND, SCL, SDA, or VS. Table 8-2 shows pin settings and
corresponding addresses.
A1
1
1
Digital input
Address pin. Connect to GND, SCL, SDA, or VS. Table 8-2 shows pin settings and
corresponding addresses.
ALERT
3
3
Digital output
GND
10
7
Analog
NC
6, 7, 8, 14, 15,
16
—
—
SCL
5
5
Digital input
SDA
4
4
Digital input/output
VBUS
11
8
Analog input
Bus voltage input
IN–
12
9
Analog input
Negative differential shunt voltage input. For high-side applications, connect to load
side of sense resistor. For low-side applications, connect to ground side of sense
resistor.
IN+
13
10
Analog input
Positive differential shunt voltage input. For high-side applications, connect to bus
voltage side of sense resistor. For low-side applications, connect to load side of
sense resistor.
VS
9
6
Analog
PAD
—
Thermal Pad
—
Multi-functional alert, open-drain output.
Ground
No internal connection
Serial bus clock line, open-drain input.
Serial bus data line, open-drain input/output.
Power supply, 2.7 V to 5.5 V.
This pad can be connected to ground or left floating.
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7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)
Vs
MIN
MAX
6
V
–40
40
V
Supply Voltage
VIN+, VIN-
Differential (VIN+) - (VIN-)
UNIT
Common - mode
GND – 0.3
40
V
VIO
SDA, ALERT, A0
GND – 0.3
6
V
VIO
SCL
GND – 0.3
VS + 0.3
Input current into any pin
Open-drain digital output current (SDA, ALERT)
TA
Operating Temperature
TJ
Junction temperature
Tstg
Storage temperature
(1)
–55
–65
V
5
mA
10
mA
150
°C
150
°C
150
°C
Operation outside the Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent device damage. Absolute maximum ratings do not imply
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those listed under Recommended Operating Conditions.
If briefly operating outside the Recommended Operating Conditions but within the Absolute Maximum Ratings, the device may not
sustain damage, but it may not be fully functional. Operating the device in this manner may affect device reliability, functionality,
performance, and shorten the device lifetime.
7.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
pins(1)
Charged device model (CDM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002, all
pins(2)
UNIT
±2500
V
±1000
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
VCM
Common-mode input range
0
36
V
VS
Operating supply range
2.7
5.5
V
TA
Ambient temperature
–40
125
°C
7.4 Thermal Information
INA230
THERMAL
DGS (VSSOP)
RGT(QFN)
10 PINS
16 PINS
UNIT
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
162.8
46.1
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
58.6
58.4
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
83.9
19.1
°C/W
ΨJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
7.6
1.3
°C/W
YJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
82.4
19.1
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
n/a
4.7
°C/W
(1)
4
METRIC(1)
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
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7.5 Electrical Characteristics
at TA = 25°C, VS = 3.3 V, VSENSE = VIN+ - VIN- = 0 mV, VIN- = VBUS = 12V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
INPUT
Shunt voltage input range
–81.92
120
81.9175
140
mV
CMRR
Common-mode rejection
VCM = 0 V to 36 V, TA = –40°C to 125°C
dB
Vos
Shunt offset voltage
VCM = 12 V
dVos/dT
Shunt offset voltage drift
TA = –40°C to +125°C
PSRRSHUNT
Power supply rejection ratio
(Current measurements)
Vos_b
Bus offset Voltage
dVos_b/dT
Bus offset voltage drift
PSRRBUS
Power supply rejection ratio
(Voltage measurements)
ZBUS
BUS input impedance
IB
Input bias current
IN+, IN-, Current measurement mode
IB_SHDWN
Input Leakage
IN+, IN-, Shutdown Mode
0.1
ADC Resolution
TA = –40°C to 125°C
16
1 LSB step size
Shunt Voltage
2.5
µV
1 LSB step size
Bus Voltage
1.25
mV
CT bit = 000
140
154
µs
CT bit = 001
204
224
µs
CT bit = 010
332
365
µs
CT bit = 011
588
646
µs
CT bit = 100
1.100
1.21
ms
CT bit = 101
2.116
2.328
ms
CT bit = 110
4.156
4.572
ms
CT bit = 111
8.244
9.068
ms
±0.010
±0.3
%
–9.8
±25
µV
±0.05
±0.1
µV/°C
–3.0
+2.3
TA = –40°C to +125°C
µV/V
±15
mV
±40
µV/°C
0.4
mV/V
830
kΩ
10
µA
0.5
µA
DC ACCURACY
ADC Conversion-time
GSERR
Shunt voltage gain error
GS_DRFT
Shunt voltage gain error drift
GBERR
Bus voltage gain error
GB_DRFT
Bus voltage gain error drift
DNL
Differential Non-Linearity
TA = –40°C to +125°C
10
±0.010
TA = –40°C to +125°C
10
Bits
50 ppm/°C
±0.3
%
50 ppm/°C
±0.1
LSB
POWER SUPPLY
IQ
Quiescent current
VSENSE = 0 mV
330
420
µA
Shutdown
0.5
2
µA
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at TA = 25°C, VS = 3.3 V, VSENSE = VIN+ - VIN- = 0 mV, VIN- = VBUS = 12V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
28
35
UNIT
SMBUS
SMBUS timeout
ms
DIGITAL INPUT / OUTPUT
Input capacitance
6
3
VIH
Logic input level, high
VIL
Logic input level, low
VHYS
Hysteresis
VOL
Logic output level, low
IOL = 3 mA
Digital leakage input current
0 ≤ VINPUT ≤ VS
pF
0.7 × VS
6
V
–0.5
0.3 × VS
V
500
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0
0.1
mV
0.4
V
1
µA
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7.6 Timing Requirements (I2C)
MIN
I2C
NOM
MAX
UNIT
400
kHz
BUS (FAST MODE)
F(SCL)
I2C clock frequency
t(BUF)
Bus free time between STOP and START conditions
600
ns
t(HDSTA)
Hold time after a repeated START condition. After this period, the first
clock is generated.
100
ns
t(SUSTA)
Repeated START condition setup time
100
ns
t(SUSTO)
STOP condition setup time
100
ns
t(HDDAT)
Data hold time
t(SUDAT)
Data setup time
t(LOW)
t(HIGH)
tF
Clock/data fall time
300
ns
tR
Clock/data rise time
300
ns
tR
Clock rise time (SCLK ≤ 100 kHz)
1000
ns
3400
kHz
1
0
ns
100
ns
SCL clock low period
1300
ns
SCL clock high period
600
ns
I2C BUS (HIGH-SPEED MODE)
F(SCL)
I2C clock frequency
t(BUF)
Bus free time between STOP and START conditions
160
ns
t(HDSTA)
Hold time after a repeated START condition. After this period, the first
clock is generated.
100
ns
t(SUSTA)
Repeated START condition setup time
100
ns
t(SUSTO)
STOP condition setup time
100
ns
t(HDDAT)
Data hold time
0
ns
t(SUDAT)
Data setup time
10
ns
t(LOW)
SCL clock low period
160
ns
t(HIGH)
SCL clock high period
60
ns
tF
Clock/data fall time
160
ns
tR
Clock/data rise time
160
ns
10
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7.7 Typical Characteristics
At TA = +25°C, VS = +3.3 V,VIN+ = 12 V, VSENSE = (VIN+ – VIN–) = 0 mV, and VBUS = 12 V, unless otherwise noted.
0
−10
Population
Gain (dB)
−20
−30
−40
−50
25
20
15
10
5
G001
Figure 7-1. Frequency Response
0
100k
-5
10k
-10
100
1k
Frequency (Hz)
-15
10
-20
1
-25
−60
Shunt Offset Voltage (V)
Figure 7-2. Shunt Input Offset Voltage Production
Distribution
−9
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (dB)
170
−9.2
Offset (µV)
−9.4
−9.6
−9.8
−10
−10.2
−10.4
−50
−25
0
25
50
Temperature (°C)
75
100
160
150
140
−50
125
−25
0
25
50
Temperature (°C)
G003
Figure 7-3. Shunt Input Offset Voltage vs.
Temperature
75
100
125
G004
Figure 7-4. Shunt Input Common-Mode Rejection
Ratio vs. Temperature
600
Population
Gain Error (m%)
500
400
300
200
100
300
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
0
−50
Shunt Gain Error (m%)
−25
0
25
50
Temperature (°C)
75
100
125
G012
Figure 7-6. Shunt Input Gain Error vs. Temperature
Figure 7-5. Shunt Input Gain Error Production
Distribution
8
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300
200
150
Population
Gain Error (m%)
250
100
50
0
Bus Offset Voltage (mV)
15
12.5
10
7.5
5
2.5
G008
Figure 7-7. Shunt Input Gain Error vs. CommonMode Voltage
0
36
-2.5
32
-5
8
12
16
20
24
28
Common−Mode Input Voltage (V)
-7.5
4
-10
0
-15
−50
Figure 7-8. Bus Input Offset Voltage Production
Distribution
3
2.9
2.7
Population
Offset (mV)
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
Figure 7-9. Bus Input Offset Voltage vs.
Temperature
Bus Gain Error (m%)
Figure 7-10. Bus Input Gain Error Production
Distribution
600
25
20
Input Bias Current (µA)
Gain Error (m%)
500
400
300
200
15
10
5
100
0
−50
−25
0
25
50
Temperature (°C)
75
100
0
125
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
Common−Mode Input Voltage (V)
32
36
G012
Figure 7-12. Input Bias Current (IB+ + IB-) vs.
Common-Mode Voltage
260
Input Bias Current − Shutdown (nA)
24
Input Bias Current (µA)
0
G011
Figure 7-11. Bus Input Gain Error vs. Temperature
22
20
18
16
−50
300
125
200
100
100
75
0
25
50
Temperature (°C)
-100
0
-200
-25
-300
2.2
-50
−25
0
25
50
Temperature (°C)
75
100
220
180
140
100
20
−50
125
G013
Figure 7-13. Input Bias Current (IB+ + IB-) vs.
Temperature
60
−25
0
25
50
Temperature (°C)
75
100
125
G014
Figure 7-14. Input Bias Current vs. Temperature,
Shutdown
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1.2
Quiescent Current − Shutdown (µA)
Quiescent Current (µA)
500
400
300
200
100
−50
−25
0
25
50
Temperature (°C)
75
100
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
−50
125
−25
0
G015
Figure 7-15. Active IQ vs. Temperature
25
50
Temperature (°C)
75
100
125
G016
Figure 7-16. Shutdown IQ vs. Temperature
500
300
250
Shutdown IQ (mA)
IQ (mA)
450
400
200
150
100
350
50
300
0
1
10
100
1,000
1
10,000
Frequency (kHz)
100
1,000
10,000
Frequency (kHz)
Figure 7-17. Active IQ vs. I2C Clock Frequency
10
10
Figure 7-18. Shutdown IQ vs. I2C Clock Frequency
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The INA230 is a digital current sense amplifier with an I2C- and SMBus-compatible interface. The device
provides digital current, voltage, and power readings necessary for accurate decision-making in preciselycontrolled systems. Programmable registers allow flexible configuration for measurement resolution as well
as continuous-versus-triggered operation. Detailed register information appears at the end of this data sheet,
beginning with Table 8-3. See the Functional Block Diagram for a block diagram of the INA230 device.
8.2 Functional Block Diagram
Power
(1)
Bus Voltage
(1)
´
Shunt Voltage
Channel
Current
(1)
ADC
Bus Voltage
Channel
Calibration
(2)
´
Shunt Voltage
(1)
Data Registers
(1)
Read-only
(2)
Read/write
8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 Basic ADC Functions
The INA230 device performs two measurements on the power-supply bus of interest. The voltage developed
from the load current that flows through a shunt resistor creates a shunt voltage that is measured at the IN+ and
IN– pins. The device can also measure the power supply bus voltage by connecting this voltage to the VBUS
pin. The differential shunt voltage is measured with respect to the IN– pin while the bus voltage is measured with
respect to ground.
The device is typically powered by a separate supply that can range from 2.7 V to 5.5 V. The bus that is being
monitored can range in voltage from 0 V to 36 V. Based on the fixed 1.25-mV LSB for the Bus Voltage register, a
full-scale register results in a 40.96-V value.
Note
Do not apply more than 36 V of actual voltage to the input pins.
There are no special considerations for power-supply sequencing because the common-mode input range and
power-supply voltage are independent of each other, therefore the bus voltage can be present with the supply
voltage off and vice-versa.
The device takes two measurements: shunt voltage and bus voltage. The device then converts these
measurements to current, based on the Calibration register value, and then calculates power. Refer to the
Programming the Calibration Register section for additional information on programming the Calibration register.
The device has two operating modes—continuous and triggered—that determine how the ADC operates
following these conversions. When the device is in the normal operating mode (that is, MODE bits of the
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Configuration register (00h) are set to '111'), the INA230 continuously converts a shunt voltage reading followed
by a bus voltage reading. After the shunt voltage reading, the current value is calculated (based on Equation 3).
This current value is then used to calculate the power result (using Equation 4). These values are subsequently
stored in an accumulator, and the measurement/calculation sequence repeats until the number of averages set
in the Configuration register (00h) is reached. Following every sequence, the present set of values measured
and calculated are appended to previously collected values. After all of the averaging is complete, the final
values for shunt voltage, bus voltage, current, and power are updated in the corresponding registers that can
then be read. These values remain in the data output registers until they are replaced by the next fully completed
conversion results. Reading the data output registers does not affect a conversion in progress.
The mode control in the Conversion register (00h) also permits selecting modes to convert only the shunt
voltage or the bus voltage to further allow the user to configure the monitoring function to fit the specific
application requirements.
All current and power calculations are performed in the background and do not contribute to conversion time.
In triggered mode, writing any of the triggered convert modes into the Configuration register (00h) (that is, MODE
bits of the Configuration register (00h) are set to ‘001’, ‘010’, or ‘011’) triggers a single-shot conversion. This
action produces a single set of measurements; thus, to trigger another single-shot conversion, the Configuration
register (00h) must be written to a second time, even if the mode does not change.
In addition to the two operating modes (continuous and triggered), the device also has a power-down mode
that reduces the quiescent current and turns off current into the device inputs, reducing the impact of supply
drain when the device is not being used. Full recovery from power-down mode requires 40 µs. The registers
of the device can be written to and read from while the device is in power-down mode. The device remains in
power-down mode until one of the active modes settings are written into the Configuration register (00h).
Although the device can be read at any time, and the data from the last conversion remain available, the
Conversion Ready flag bit (Mask/Enable register, CVRF bit) is provided to help coordinate one-shot or triggered
conversions. The Conversion Ready flag (CVRF) bit is set after all conversions, averaging, and multiplication
operations are complete.
The Conversion Ready flag (CVRF) bit clears under these conditions:
•
•
Writing to the Configuration register (00h), except when configuring the MODE bits for power-down mode; or
Reading the Mask/Enable register (06h)
8.3.2 Power Calculation
The Current and Power are calculated following shunt voltage and bus voltage measurements (see Figure
8-1). Current is calculated following a shunt voltage measurement based on the value set in the Calibration
register. If there is no value loaded into the Calibration register, the current value stored is zero. Power is
calculated following the bus voltage measurement based on the previous current calculation and bus voltage
measurement. If there is no value loaded in the Calibration register, the power value stored is also zero. Again,
these calculations are performed in the background and do not add to the overall conversion time. These current
and power values are considered intermediate results (unless the averaging is set to 1) and are stored in an
internal accumulation register, not the corresponding output registers. Following every measured sample, the
newly-calculated values for current and power are appended to this accumulation register until all of the samples
have been measured and averaged based on the number of averages set in the Configuration register (00h).
12
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Bus and Power Limit Detect
Following Every Bus Voltage Conversion
Current Limit Detect Following
Every Shunt Voltage Conversion
I
V
I
V
P
I
P
V
I
P
V
I
V
P
I
P
V
I
P
V
I
P
V
I
P
V
I
V
P
I
P
V
I
P
V
I
P
V
I
P
V
I
P
V
I
P
V
P
Power Average
Bus Voltage Average
Shunt Voltage Average
Figure 8-1. Power Calculation Scheme
In addition to the current and power accumulating after every sample, the shunt and bus voltage measurements
are also collected. After all of the samples have been measured and the corresponding current and power
calculations have been made, the accumulated average for each of these parameters is then loaded to the
corresponding output registers, where they can then be read.
8.3.3 Alert Pin
The INA230 has a single Alert Limit register (07h), that allows the Alert pin to be programmed to respond to a
single user-defined event or to a Conversion Ready notification if desired. The Mask/Enable register allows the
user to select from one of the five available functions to monitor and/or set the Conversion Ready bit to control
the response of the Alert pin. Based on the function being monitored, the user would then enter a value into the
Alert Limit register to set the corresponding threshold value that asserts the Alert pin.
The Alert pin allows for one of several available alert functions to be monitored to determine if a user-defined
threshold has been exceeded. The five alert functions that can be monitored are:
• Shunt Voltage Over-Limit (SOL)
• Shunt Voltage Under-Limit (SUL)
• Bus Voltage Over-Limit (BOL)
• Bus Voltage Under-Limit (BUL)
• Power Over-Limit (POL)
The Alert pin is an open-drain output. This pin is asserted when the alert function selected in the Mask/Enable
register exceeds the value programmed into the Alert Limit register. Only one of these alert functions can be
enabled and monitored at a time. If multiple alert functions are enabled, the selected function in the highest
significant bit position takes priority and responds to the Alert Limit register value. For example, if the Shunt
Voltage Over-Limit function and the Shunt Voltage Under-Limit function are both selected, the Alert pin asserts
when the Shunt Voltage register exceeds the value in the Alert Limit register.
The Conversion Ready state of the device can also be monitored at the Alert pin to inform the user when
the device has completed the previous conversion and is ready to begin a new conversion. Conversion Ready
can be monitored at the Alert pin along with one of the alert functions. If an alert function and the Conversion
Ready are both enabled to be monitored at the Alert pin, after the Alert pin is asserted, the Mask/Enable register
must be read following the alert to determine the source of the alert. By reading the Conversion Ready Flag
(CVRF, bit 3), and the Alert Function Flag (AFF, bit 4) in the Mask/Enable register, the source of the alert can
be determined. If the Conversion Ready feature is not desired and the CNVR bit is not set, the Alert pin only
responds to an exceeded alert limit based on the alert function enabled.
If the alert function is not used, the Alert pin can be left floating without impacting the operation of the device.
Refer to Figure 8-1 to see the relative timing of when the value in the Alert Limit register is compared to the
corresponding converted value. For example, if the alert function that is enabled is Shunt Voltage Over-Limit
(SOL), following every shunt voltage conversion the value in the Alert Limit register is compared to the measured
shunt voltage to determine if the measurements has exceeded the programmed limit. The AFF, bit 4 of the
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Mask/Enable register, asserts high any time the measured voltage exceeds the value programmed into the Alert
Limit register. In addition to the AFF being asserted, the Alert pin is asserted based on the Alert Polarity Bit
(APOL, bit 1 of the Mask/Enable register). If the Alert Latch is enabled, the AFF and Alert pin remain asserted
until either the Configuration register (00h) is written to or the Mask/Enable register is read.
The Bus Voltage alert functions compare the measured bus voltage to the Alert Limit register following every bus
voltage conversion and assert the AFF bit and Alert pin if the limit threshold is exceeded.
The Power Over-Limit alert function is also compared to the calculated power value following every bus voltage
measurement conversion and asserts the AFF bit and Alert pin if the limit threshold is exceeded.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Averaging and Conversion Time Considerations
The INA230 device offers programmable conversion times (tCT) for both the shunt voltage and bus voltage
measurements. The conversion times for these measurements can be selected from as fast as 140 μs to as
long as 8.244 ms. The conversion time settings, along with the programmable averaging mode, allow the device
to be configured to optimize the available timing requirements in a given application. For example, if a system
requires that data be read every 5 ms, the device could be configured with the conversion times set to 588 μs
for both shunt and bus voltage measurements and the averaging mode set to 4. This configuration results in the
data updating approximately every 4.7 ms. The device could also be configured with a different conversion time
setting for the shunt and bus voltage measurements. This type of approach is common in applications where
the bus voltage tends to be relatively stable. This situation can allow for the time focused on the bus voltage
measurement to be reduced relative to the shunt voltage measurement. The shunt voltage conversion time could
be set to 4.156 ms with the bus voltage conversion time set to 588 μs, with the averaging mode set to 1. This
configuration also results in data updating approximately every 4.7 ms.
There are trade-offs associated with the settings for conversion time and the averaging mode used. The
averaging feature can significantly improve the measurement accuracy by effectively filtering the signal. This
approach allows the device to reduce any noise in the measurement that may be caused by noise coupling
into the signal. A greater number of averages enables the device to be more effective in reducing the noise
component of the measurement.
The conversion times selected can also have an impact on the measurement accuracy. Figure 8-2 shows
multiple conversion times to illustrate the impact of noise on the measurement. To achieve the highest accuracy
measurement possible, use a combination of the longest allowable conversion times and highest number of
averages based on the timing requirements of the system.
Figure 8-2. Noise vs. Conversion Time
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8.4.2 Filtering and Input Considerations
Measuring current is often noisy, and such noise can be difficult to define. The INA230 device offers several
options for filtering by allowing the conversion times and number of averages to be selected independently in
the Configuration register (00h). The conversion times can be set independently for the shunt voltage and bus
voltage measurements to allow added flexibility in configuring the monitoring of the power-supply bus.
The internal ADC is based on a delta-sigma (ΔΣ) front-end with a 500 kHz (±30%) typical sampling rate. This
architecture has good inherent noise rejection; however, transients that occur at or very close to the sampling
rate harmonics can cause problems. Because these signals are at 1 MHz and higher, they can be managed
by incorporating filtering at the input of the device. The high frequency enables the use of low-value series
resistors on the filter with negligible effects on measurement accuracy. In general, filtering the device input is
only necessary if there are transients at exact harmonics of the 500 kHz (±30%) sampling rate (greater than
1 MHz). Filter using the lowest possible series resistance (typically 10 Ω or less) and a ceramic capacitor.
Recommended values for this capacitor are between 0.1 μF and 1 μF. Figure 8-3 shows the device with a filter
added at the input.
Overload conditions are another consideration for the device inputs. The device inputs are specified to tolerate
40 V across the inputs. A large differential scenario might be a short to ground on the load side of the shunt.
This type of event can result in full power-supply voltage across the shunt (as long the power supply or energy
storage capacitors support it). Removing a short to ground can result in inductive kickbacks that could exceed
the 40-V differential and common-mode rating of the device. Inductive kickback voltages are best controlled by
Zener-type transient-absorbing devices (commonly called transzorbs) combined with sufficient energy storage
capacitance. See the TI Design Transient Robustness for Current Shunt Monitors (TIDU473) which describes a
high-side current shunt monitor used to measure the voltage developed across a current-sensing resistor when
current passes through it.
In applications that do not have large energy storage electrolytics on one or both sides of the shunt, an input
overstress condition may result from an excessive dV/dt of the voltage applied to the input. A hard physical
short is the most likely cause of this event, particularly in applications with no large electrolytics present. This
problem occurs because an excessive dV/dt can activate the ESD protection in the device in systems where
large currents are available. Testing demonstrates that the addition of 10-Ω resistors in series with each input of
the device sufficiently protects the inputs against this dV/dt failure up to the 40-V rating of the device. Selecting
these resistors in the range noted has minimal effect on accuracy.
Power Supply
(0 V to 36 V)
CBYPASS
0.1 µF
VS
(Supply Voltage)
VBUS
CFILTER
0.1 µF to 1 µF
Ceramic
Capacitor
SDA
SCL
X
Power Register
RFILTER
≤ 10 Ω
VIN+
V
2
Current Register
ADC
I
RFILTER
Load
Voltage Register
I C or SMBus
Compatible
Interface
Alert
A0
VINAlert Register
≤ 10 Ω
A1
GND
Figure 8-3. Input Filtering
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8.5 Programming
An important aspect of the INA230 is that it does not necessarily measure current or power. The INA230
measures both the differential voltage applied between the IN+ and IN– input pins and the voltage applied to
the BUS pin. For the INA230 to report both current and power values, both the Current register resolution and
the value of the shunt resistor present in the application that resulted in the differential voltage being developed
must be programmed. The Power register is internally set to be 25 times the programmed least significant bit of
the current register (Current_LSB). Both the Current_LSB and shunt resistor value are used when calculating the
Calibration register value. The INA230 uses this value to calculate the corresponding current and power values
based on the measured shunt and bus voltages.
The Calibration register is calculated based on Equation 1. This equation includes the term Current_LSB, the
programmed value for the LSB for the Current register. This is the value used to convert the value in the Current
register to the actual current in amps. The highest resolution for the Current register can be obtained by using
the smallest allowable Current_LSB based on the maximum expected current, as shown in Equation 2. While
this value yields the highest resolution, it is common to select a value for the Current_LSB to the nearest round
number above this value to simplify the conversion of the Current register and Power register to amps and watts
respectively. RSHUNT is the value of the external shunt used to develop the differential voltage across the input
pins. The 0.00512 value in Equation 1 is an internal fixed value used to ensure scaling is maintained properly.
0.00512
CAL = Current_LSB · R
SHUNT
Current_LSB =
(1)
Maximum Expected Current
215
(2)
After the Calibration register has been programmed, the Current register and Power register are updated
accordingly based on the corresponding shunt voltage and bus voltage measurements. Until the Calibration
register is programmed, the Current and Power registers remain at zero.
8.5.1 Programming the Calibration Register
Figure 9-1 shows a nominal 10-A load that creates a differential voltage of 20 mV across a 2-mΩ shunt resistor.
The bus voltage for the INA230 is measured at the external VBUS input pin, which in this example is connected
to the IN– pin to measure the voltage level delivered to the load. For this example, the VBUS pin measures less
than 12 V because the voltage at the IN– pin is 11.98 V as a result of the voltage drop across the shunt resistor.
For this example, assuming a maximum expected current of 15 A, the Current_LSB is calculated to be 457.7
μA/bit using Equation 2. Using a value for the Current_LSB of 500 μA/bit or 1 mA/bit would significantly simplify
the conversion from the Current register (04h) and Power register (03h) to amperes and watts. For this example,
a value of 1 mA/bit was chosen for the Current_LSB. Using this value for the Current_LSB does trade a small
amount of resolution for having a simpler conversion process on the user side. Using Equation 1 in this example
with a Current_LSB value of 1 mA/bit and a shunt resistor of 2 mΩ results in a Calibration register value of 2560,
or A00h.
The Current register (04h) is then calculated by multiplying the decimal value of the Shunt Voltage register (01h)
contents by the decimal value of the Calibration register and then dividing by 2048, as shown in Equation 3.
For this example, the Shunt Voltage register contains a value of 8,000 (representing 20 mV), which is multiplied
by the Calibration register value of 2560 and then divided by 2048 to yield a decimal value for the Current
register (04h) of 10000, or 2710h. Multiplying this value by 1 mA/bit results in the original 10-A level stated in the
example.
Current =
16
ShuntVoltage · CalibrationRegister
2048
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The LSB for the Bus Voltage register (02h) is a fixed 1.25 mV/bit, which means that the 11.98 V present at the
VBUS pin results in a register value of 2570h, or a decimal equivalent of 9584. Note that the MSB of the Bus
Voltage register (02h) is always zero because the VBUS pin is only able to measure positive voltages.
The Power register (03h) is then calculated by multiplying the decimal value of the Current register, 10000, by
the decimal value of the Bus Voltage register (02h), 9584, and then dividing by 20,000, as defined in Equation
4. For this example, the result for the Power register (03h) is 12B8h, or a decimal equivalent of 4792. Multiplying
this result by the power LSB (25 times the [1 × 10–3 Current_LSB]) results in a power calculation of (4792
× 25 mW/bit), or 119.82 W. The power LSB has a fixed ratio to the Current_LSB of 25. For this example, a
programmed 1 mA/bit Current_LSB results in a power LSB of 25 mW/bit. This ratio is internally programmed
to ensure that the scaling of the power calculation is within an acceptable range. A manual calculation for the
power being delivered to the load would use a bus voltage of 11.98 V (12 VCM – 20 mV shunt drop) multiplied by
the load current of 10 A to give a result of 119.8 W.
Power =
Current · BusVoltage
20,000
(4)
Table 8-1 lists the steps for configuring, measuring, and calculating the values for current and power for this
device.
Table 8-1. Calculating Current and Power(1)
(1)
STEP
REGISTER NAME
ADDRESS
CONTENTS
DEC
LSB
VALUE
Step 1
Configuration register
00h
4127h
—
—
—
Step 2
Shunt register
01h
1F40h
8000
2.5 µV
20 mV
Step 3
Bus Voltage register
02h
2570h
9584
1.25 mV
11.98 V
Step 4
Calibration register
05h
A00h
2560
—
—
Step 5
Current register
04h
2710
10000
1 mA
10 A
Step 6
Power register
03h
12B8h
4792
25 mW
119.82 W
Conditions: Load = 10 A, VCM = 12 V, RSHUNT = 2 mΩ, and VVBUS = 12 V.
8.5.2 Programming the INA230 Power Measurement Engine
8.5.2.1 Calibration Register and Scaling
The Calibration register makes it possible to set the scaling of the Current and Power registers to the values that
are most useful for a given application. One strategy may be to set the Calibration register so that the largest
possible number is generated in the Current register or Power register at the expected full-scale point. This
approach yields the highest resolution based on the previously calculated minimum Current_LSB in the equation
for the Calibration register (Equation 1). The Calibration register can also be selected to provide values in the
Current and Power registers that either provide direct decimal equivalents of the values being measured, or
yield a round LSB value for each corresponding register. After these choices have been made, the Calibration
register also offers possibilities for end-user, system-level calibration. By physically measuring the current with
an external ammeter, the exact current is known. The value of the Calibration register can then be adjusted
based on the measured current result of the INA230 to cancel the total system error, as shown in Equation 5.
Corrected_Full_Scale_Cal = trunc
Cal ´ MeasShuntCurrent
INA230_Current
(5)
8.5.3 Simple Current Shunt Monitor Usage (No Programming Necessary)
The INA230 can be used without any programming if it is only necessary to read a shunt voltage drop and bus
voltage with the default power-on reset configuration and continuous conversion of shunt and bus voltage.
Without programming the INA230 Calibration register, the device is unable to provide either a valid current or
power value, because these outputs are both derived using the values loaded into the Calibration register.
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8.5.4 Default INA230 Settings
The default power-up states of the registers are shown in the Register Maps section of this data sheet. These
registers are volatile, and if programmed to a value other than the default values shown in Table 8-3, they must
be reprogrammed at every device power up. Detailed information on programming the Calibration register is
given in the Programming section and calculated based on Equation 1.
8.5.5 Bus Overview
The INA230 offers compatibility with both I2C and SMBus interfaces. The I2C and SMBus protocols are
essentially compatible with one another.
The I2C interface is used throughout this data sheet as the primary example, with SMBus protocol specified only
when a difference between the two systems is discussed. Two bidirectional lines, SCL and SDA, connect the
INA230 to the bus. Both SCL and SDA are open-drain connections.
The device that initiates a data transfer is called a controller, and the devices controlled by the controller are
target devices. The bus must be controlled by a controller device that generates the serial clock (SCL), controls
the bus access, and generates start and stop conditions.
To address a specific device, the controller initiates a start condition by pulling the data signal line (SDA) from
a high to a low logic level while SCL is high. All target devices on the bus shift in the target address byte on
the rising edge of SCL, with the last bit indicating whether a read or write operation is intended. During the ninth
clock pulse, the target device being addressed responds to the controller by generating an Acknowledge bit
(ACK) and pulling SDA low.
Data transfer is then initiated and eight bits of data are sent, followed by an ACK. During data transfer, SDA must
remain stable while SCL is high. Any change in SDA while SCL is high is interpreted as a start or stop condition.
Once all data have been transferred, the controller generates a stop condition, indicated by pulling SDA from low
to high while SCL is high. The INA230 includes a 28-ms timeout on its interface to prevent locking up the bus.
8.5.5.1 Serial Bus Address
To communicate with the INA230, the controller must first address target devices using a corresponding target
address byte. The target address byte consists of seven address bits and a direction bit that indicates whether
the action is to be a read or write operation.
The INA230 has two address pins: A0 and A1. Table 8-2 describes the pin logic levels for each of the 16
possible addresses. The state of pins A0 and A1 is sampled on every bus communication and should be set
before any activity on the interface occurs.
Table 8-2. INA230 Address Pins and Target Addresses
18
A1
A0
TARGET ADDRESS
GND
GND
1000000
GND
VS
1000001
GND
SDA
1000010
GND
SCL
1000011
VS
GND
1000100
VS
VS
1000101
VS
SDA
1000110
VS
SCL
1000111
SDA
GND
1001000
SDA
VS
1001001
SDA
SDA
1001010
SDA
SCL
1001011
SCL
GND
1001100
SCL
VS
1001101
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Table 8-2. INA230 Address Pins and Target Addresses (continued)
A1
A0
TARGET ADDRESS
SCL
SDA
1001110
SCL
SCL
1001111
8.5.5.2 Serial Interface
The INA230 operates only as a target device on both the I2C bus and the SMBus. Connections to the bus
are made through the open-drain I/O lines, SDA, and SCL. The SDA and SCL pins feature integrated spikesuppression filters and Schmitt triggers to minimize the effects of input spikes and bus noise. Although there
is spike suppression integrated into the digital I/O lines, proper layout should be used to minimize the amount
of coupling into the communication lines. This noise introduction could occur from capacitively coupling signal
edges between the two communication lines themselves or from other switching noise sources present in the
system. Routing traces in parallel with ground in between layers on a printed circuit board (PCB) typically
reduces the effects of coupling between the communication lines. Shielding communication lines in general
is recommended to reduce to possibility of unintended noise coupling into the digital I/O lines that could be
incorrectly interpreted as start or stop commands.
The INA230 supports the transmission protocol for Fast (1 kHz to 400 kHz) and High-speed (1 kHz to 3.4 MHz)
modes. All data bytes are transmitted most significant byte first.
8.5.6 Writing to and Reading From the I2C Serial Interface
Accessing a specific register on the INA230 is accomplished by writing the appropriate value to the register
pointer. Refer to Register Maps for a complete list of registers and corresponding addresses. The value for the
register pointer (see Figure 8-7) is the first byte transferred after the target address byte with the R/W bit low.
Every write operation to the device requires a value for the register pointer.
Writing to a register begins with the first byte transmitted by the controller. This byte is the target address,
with the R/W bit low. The device then acknowledges receipt of a valid address. The next byte transmitted by
the controller is the address of the register to be accessed. This register address value updates the register
pointer to the desired internal device register. The next two bytes are written to the register addressed by the
register pointer. The device acknowledges receipt of each data byte. The controller may terminate data transfer
by generating a start or stop condition.
When reading from the device, the last value stored in the register pointer by a write operation determines which
register is read during a read operation. To change the register pointer for a read operation, a new value must
be written to the register pointer. This write is accomplished by issuing a target address byte with the R/W bit
low, followed by the register pointer byte. No additional data are required. The controller then generates a start
condition and sends the address byte for the target with the R/W bit high to initiate the read command. The next
byte is transmitted by the target and is the most significant byte of the register indicated by the register pointer.
This byte is followed by an Acknowledge from the controller, then the target transmits the least significant byte.
The controller may or may not acknowledge receipt of the second data byte. The controller may terminate data
transfer by generating a Not-Acknowledge after receiving any data byte, or generating a start or stop condition.
If repeated reads from the same register are desired, it is not necessary to continually send the register pointer
bytes; the device retains the register pointer value until it is changed by the next write operation.
Figure 8-4 shows the write operation timing diagram. Figure 8-5 shows the read operation timing diagram. These
diagrams are shown for reading/writing to 16-bit registers.
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Register bytes are sent most-significant byte first, followed by the least significant byte.
1
9
9
1
1
9
1
9
SCL
SDA
1
0
0
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W
Start By
Controller
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
Frame 1 Two-Wire Target Address Byte
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10
P0
ACK By
Target
D9
D8
(1)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
ACK By
Target
ACK By
Target
Frame 2 Register Pointer Byte
ACK By
Target
Frame 3 Data MSByte
Stop By
Controller
Frame 4 Data LSByte
(1)
The value of the Target Address byte is determined by the setting of the address pins. Refer to Table 8-2.
(2)
The device does not support packet error checking (PEC) or perform clock stretching.
Figure 8-4. Timing Diagram for Write Word Format
1
9
1
9
1
9
SCL
SDA
1
0
0
A3
A2
A1
Start By
Controller
D12
D11 D10
D9
(1)
Frame 2 Data MSByte
D7
D8
From
Target
ACK By
Target
Frame 1 Two-Wire Target Address Byte
(1)
D15 D14 D13
R/W
A0
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
From
Target
ACK By
Controller
D0
No ACK By
Controller
(2)
Frame 3 Data LSByte
(3)
Stop
(2)
The value of the Target Address byte is determined by the setting of the address pins. Refer to Table 8-2.
(2)
Read data is from the last register pointer location. If a new register is desired, the register pointer must be
updated. See Figure 8-7.
(3)
ACK by the controller can also be sent.
(4)
The device does not support packet error checking (PEC) or perform clock stretching.
Figure 8-5. Timing Diagram for Read Word Format
Figure 8-6 shows the timing diagram for the SMBus Alert response operation. Figure 8-7 shows a typical register
pointer configuration.
ALERT
1
9
1
9
SCL
SDA
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
R/W
Start By
Controller
1
0
0
A3
A2
A1
ACK By
Target
A0
0
From
Target
NACK By Stop By
Controller Controller
(1)
Frame 1 SMBus ALERT Response Address Byte
(1)
Frame 2 Target Address Byte
The value of the Target Address byte is determined by the setting of the address pins. Refer to Table 8-2.
Figure 8-6. Timing Diagram for SMBus ALERT
20
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1
9
1
9
SCL
1
SDA
0
0
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W
Start By
Controller
P7
P6
P5
(1)
Frame 1 Two-Wire Target Address Byte
(1)
P4
P3
P2
P1
ACK By
Target
P0
Stop
ACK By
Target
Frame 2 Register Pointer Byte
The value of the Target Address byte is determined by the setting of the address pins. Refer to Table 8-2.
Figure 8-7. Typical Register Pointer Set
8.5.6.1 High-Speed I2C Mode
When the bus is idle, both the SDA and SCL lines are pulled high by the pullup devices. The controller generates
a start condition followed by a valid serial byte containing High-Speed (HS) controller code 00001XXX. This
transmission is made in fast (400 kHz) or standard (100 kHz) (F/S) mode at no more than 400 kHz. The INA230
does not acknowledge the HS controller code, but does recognize it and switches its internal filters to support
3.4-MHz operation.
The controller then generates a repeated start condition (a repeated start condition has the same timing as
the start condition). After this repeated start condition, the protocol is the same as F/S mode, except that
transmission speeds up to 3.4 MHz are allowed. Instead of using a stop condition, repeated start conditions
should be used to secure the bus in HS-mode. A stop condition ends the HS mode and switches all the internal
filters of the INA230 to support the F/S mode.
8.5.7 SMBus Alert Response
The INA230 is designed to respond to the SMBus alert response address. The SMBus alert response provides
a quick fault identification for simple target devices. When an alert occurs, the controller can broadcast the
alert response target address (0001 100) with the Read/Write bit set high. Following this alert response, any
target devices that generated an alert identify themselves by acknowledging the alert response and sending their
respective address on the bus.
The alert response can activate several different target devices simultaneously, similar to the I2C general call. If
more than one target attempts to respond, bus arbitration rules apply. The losing device does not generate an
acknowledge and continues to hold the ALERT line low until the interrupt is cleared.
8.6 Register Maps
The INA230 uses a bank of registers for holding configuration settings, measurement results, minimum and
maximum limits, and status information. Table 8-3 summarizes the INA230 registers; refer to the Functional
Block Diagram for an illustration of the registers.
All 16-bit INA230 registers are two 8-bit bytes through the I2C interface.
Table 8-3. Summary of Register Set
POINTER
ADDRESS
POWER-ON RESET
HEX
REGISTER NAME
00
Configuration
01
Shunt Voltage
02
Bus Voltage
03
Power(2)
BINARY
HEX
TYPE(1)
All-register reset, shunt voltage and
bus voltage ADC conversion times and
averaging, operating mode
01000001 00100111
4127
R/ W
Shunt voltage measurement data
00000000 00000000
0000
R
Bus voltage measurement data
00000000 00000000
0000
R
Contains the value of the calculated
power being delivered to the load.
00000000 00000000
0000
R
FUNCTION
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Table 8-3. Summary of Register Set (continued)
POINTER
ADDRESS
POWER-ON RESET
BINARY
HEX
TYPE(1)
Contains the value of the calculated
current flowing through the shunt
resistor.
00000000 00000000
0000
R
Calibration
Sets full-scale range and LSB of current
and power measurements. Overall
system calibration.
00000000 00000000
0000
R/ W
06
Mask/Enable
Alert configuration and conversion ready
flag
00000000 00000000
0000
R/ W
07
Alert Limit
Contains the limit value to compare to
the selected alert function.
00000000 00000000
0000
R/ W
FF
Die ID
ASCII
ASCII
R
HEX
REGISTER NAME
04
Current(2)
05
(1)
(2)
FUNCTION
Contains unique die identification
number.
Type: R = read-only, R/ W = read/write.
The Current register defaults to '0' because the Calibration register defaults to '0', yielding a zero current and power value until the
Calibration register is programmed.
8.6.1 Configuration Register (00h, Read/Write)
Table 8-4. Configuration Register (00h, Read/Write) Description
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
BIT
NAME
RST
—
—
—
AVG2
AVG1
AVG0
POR
VALUE
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
D8
D7
D6
VBUSCT2 VBUSCT1 VBUSCT0
1
0
0
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
VSHCT2
VSHCT1
VSHCT0
MODE3
MODE2
MODE1
1
0
0
1
1
1
The Configuration register settings control the operating modes for the INA230. This register controls the
conversion time settings for both the shunt and bus voltage measurements, as well as the averaging mode
used. The operating mode that controls which signals are selected to be measured is also programmed in the
Configuration register.
The Configuration register can be read from at any time without impacting or affecting the device settings or
a conversion in progress. Writing to the Configuration register halts any conversion in progress until the write
sequence is complete, resulting in the start of a new conversion based on the new contents of the Configuration
register. This feature prevents any uncertainty in the conditions used for the next completed conversion.
RST:
Reset Bit
Bit 15
Setting this bit to '1' generates a system reset that is the same as a power-on reset; all registers are reset to default
values. This bit self-clears.
AVG:
Averaging Mode
Bits 9–11
Sets the number of samples that are collected and averaged together. Table 8-5 summarizes the AVG bit settings
and related number of averages for each bit.
8.6.2 AVG Bit Settings [11:9]
Table 8-5. AVG Bit Settings [11:9](1) Description
22
AVG2
(D11)
AVG1
(D10)
AVG0
(D9)
NUMBER OF
AVERAGES
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
4
0
1
0
16
0
1
1
64
1
0
0
128
1
0
1
256
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Table 8-5. AVG Bit Settings [11:9](1) Description (continued)
(1)
AVG2
(D11)
AVG1
(D10)
AVG0
(D9)
NUMBER OF
AVERAGES
1
1
0
512
1
1
1
1024
Shaded values are default.
VBUS CT:
Bus Voltage Conversion Time
Bits 6–8
Sets the conversion time for the bus voltage measurement. Table 8-6 shows the VBUS CT bit options and related
conversion times for each bit.
8.6.3 VBUS CT Bit Settings [8:6]
Table 8-6. VBUS CT Bit Settings [8:6](1) Description
(1)
VBUS CT2
(D8)
VBUS CT1
(D7)
VBUS CT0
(D6)
CONVERSION TIME
0
0
0
140 µs
0
0
1
204 µs
0
1
0
332 µs
0
1
1
588 µs
1
0
0
1.1 ms
1
0
1
2.116 ms
1
1
0
4.156 ms
1
1
1
8.244 ms
Shaded values are default.
VSH CT:
Shunt Voltage Conversion Time
Bits 3–5
Sets the conversion time for the shunt voltage measurement. Table 8-7 shows the VSH CT bit options and related
conversion times for each bit.
8.6.4 VSH CT Bit Settings [5:3]
Table 8-7. VSH CT Bit Settings [5:3](1) Description
(1)
VSH CT2
(D5)
VSH CT1
(D4)
VSH CT0
(D3)
CONVERSION TIME
0
0
0
140 µs
0
0
1
204 µs
0
1
0
332 µs
0
1
1
588 µs
1
0
0
1.1 ms
1
0
1
2.116 ms
1
1
0
4.156 ms
1
1
1
8.244 ms
Shaded values are default.
MODE:
Operating Mode
Bits 0–2
Selects continuous, triggered, or power-down mode of operation. These bits default to continuous shunt and bus
measurement mode. The mode settings are shown in Table 8-8.
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8.6.5 Mode Settings [2:0]
Table 8-8. Mode Settings [2:0](1) Description
(1)
MODE3
(D2)
MODE2
(D1)
MODE1
(D0)
MODE
0
0
0
Power-Down
0
0
1
Shunt Voltage, triggered
0
1
0
Bus Voltage, triggered
0
1
1
Shunt and Bus, triggered
1
0
0
Power-Down
1
0
1
Shunt Voltage, continuous
1
1
0
Bus Voltage, continuous
1
1
1
Shunt and Bus, continuous
Shaded values are default.
8.6.6 Data Output Register
8.6.6.1 Shunt Voltage Register (01h, Read-Only)
The Shunt Voltage register stores the current shunt voltage reading, VSHUNT. Negative numbers are represented
in twos complement format. Generate the twos complement of a negative number by complementing the
absolute value binary number and adding 1. Extend the sign, denoting a negative number by setting the MSB =
'1'.
Example: For a value of VSHUNT = –80 mV:
1. Take the absolute value: 80 mV
2. Translate this number to a whole decimal number (80 mV ÷ 2.5 µV) = 32000
3. Convert this number to binary = 111 1101 0000 0000
4. Complement the binary result = 000 0010 1111 1111
5. Add '1' to the complement to create the twos complement result = 000 0011 0000 0000
6. Extend the sign and create the 16-bit word: 1000 0011 0000 0000 = 8300h
If averaging is enabled, this register displays the averaged value. Full-scale range = 81.9175 mV (decimal =
7FFF); LSB: 2.5 μV.
Table 8-9. Shunt Voltage Register (01h, Read-Only) Description
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
SIGN
SD14
SD13
SD12
SD11
SD10
SD9
SD8
SD7
SD6
SD5
SD4
SD3
SD2
SD1
SD0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.6.6.2 Bus Voltage Register (02h, Read-Only)(1)
The Bus Voltage register stores the most recent bus voltage reading, VBUS.
If averaging is enabled, this register displays the averaged value. Full-scale range = 40.95875 V (decimal =
7FFF); LSB = 1.25 mV. Do not apply more than 36 V on the BUS pin.
Table 8-10. Bus Voltage Register (02h, Read-Only) Description
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
—
BD14
BD13
BD12
BD11
BD10
BD9
BD8
BD7
BD6
BD5
BD4
BD3
BD2
BD1
BD0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
D15 is always zero because bus voltage can only be positive.
8.6.6.3 Power Register (03h, Read-Only)
If averaging is enabled, this register displays the averaged value.
24
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Table 8-11. Power Register (03h, Read-Only) Description
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
PD15
PD14
PD13
PD12
PD11
PD10
PD9
PD8
PD7
PD6
PD5
PD4
PD3
PD2
PD1
PD0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The Power register LSB is internally programmed to equal 25 times the programmed value of the Current_LSB.
The Power register records power in watts by multiplying the decimal values of the current register with the
decimal value of the bus voltage register according to Equation 4.
8.6.6.4 Current Register (04h, Read-Only)
If averaging is enabled, this register displays the averaged value.
Table 8-12. Current Register (04h, Read-Only) Description
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
CSIGN
CD14
CD13
CD12
CD11
CD10
CD9
CD8
CD7
CD6
CD5
CD4
CD3
CD2
CD1
CD0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The value of the Current register is calculated by multiplying the decimal value in the Shunt Voltage register with
the decimal value of the Calibration register, according to Equation 3.
8.6.6.5 Calibration Register (05h, Read/Write)
This register provides the INA230 with the shunt resistor value that was present to create the measured
differential voltage. This register also sets the resolution of the Current register. The Current register LSB and
Power register LSB are set through the programming of this register. This register is also used for overall system
calibration. See the Section 8.5.1 for more information on programming this register.
Table 8-13. Calibration Register (05h, Read/Write) Description
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
—
FS14
FS13
FS12
FS11
FS10
FS9
FS8
FS7
FS6
FS5
FS4
FS3
FS2
FS1
FS0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.6.6.6 Mask/Enable Register (06h, Read/Write)
The Mask/Enable register selects the function that controls the ALERT pin, as well as how that pin functions.
If multiple functions are enabled, the highest significant bit position alert function (D15:D11) takes priority and
responds to the Alert Limit register.
Table 8-14. Mask/Enable Register (06h, Read/Write) Description
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
SOL
SUL
BOL
BUL
POL
CNVR
—
—
—
—
—
AFF
CVRF
OVF
APOL
LEN
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SOL:
Shunt Voltage Overvoltage
Bit 15
Setting this bit high configures the ALERT pin to be asserted when the shunt voltage conversion exceeds the value
in the Alert Limit register.
SUL:
Shunt Voltage Undervoltage
Bit 14
Setting this bit high configures the ALERT pin to be asserted when the shunt voltage conversion drops below the
value in the Alert Limit register.
BOL:
Bus Voltage Overvoltage
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Bit 13
Setting this bit high configures the ALERT pin to be asserted when the bus voltage conversion exceeds the value in
the Alert Limit register.
BUL:
Bus Voltage Undervoltage
Bit 12
Setting this bit high configures the ALERT pin to be asserted when the bus voltage conversion drops below the
value in the Alert Limit register.
POL:
Over-Limit Power
Bit 11
Setting this bit high configures the ALERT pin to be asserted when the power calculation exceeds the value in the
Alert Limit register.
CNVR:
Conversion Ready
Bit 10
Setting this bit high configures the ALERT pin to be asserted when the Conversion Ready Flag bit (CVRF, bit 3) is
asserted, indicating that the device is ready for the next conversion.
AFF:
Alert Function Flag
Bit 4
Although only one alert function at a time can be monitored at the ALERT pin, the Conversion Ready bit (CNVR,
bit 10) can also be enabled to assert the ALERT pin. Reading the Alert Function Flag bit after an alert can help
determine if the alert function was the source of the alert.
When the Alert Latch Enable bit is set to Latch mode, the Alert Function Flag bit clears only when the Mask/Enable
register is read. When the Alert Latch Enable bit is set to Transparent mode, the Alert Function Flag bit is cleared
after the next conversion that does not result in an alert condition.
CVRF:
Conversion Ready Flag
Bit 3
Although the INA230 can be read at any time, and the data from the last conversion are available, this bit is
provided to help coordinate single-shot or triggered conversions. This bit is set after all conversions, averaging, and
multiplications are complete. This bit clears under the following conditions in single-shot mode:
1) Writing to the Configuration register (except for power-down or disable selections)
2.) Reading the Mask/Enable register
OVF:
Math Overflow Flag
Bit 2
This bit is set to '1' if an arithmetic operation results in an overflow error; it indicates that current and power data may
be invalid.
APOL:
Alert Polarity
Bit 1
Configures the latching feature of the ALERT pin and the flag bits.
1 = Inverted (active-high open collector)
0 = Normal (active-low open collector) (default)
LEN:
Alert Latch Enable
Bit 0
Configures the latching feature of the ALERT pin and flag bits.
1 = Latch enabled
0 = Transparent (default)
When the Alert Latch Enable bit is set to Transparent mode, the ALERT pin and flag bits reset to their idle states
when the fault has been cleared. When the Alert Latch Enable bit is set to Latch mode, the ALERT pin and flag bits
remain active following a fault until the Mask/Enable register has been read.
8.6.6.7 Alert Limit Register (07h, Read/Write)
The Alert Limit register contains the value used to compare to the register selected in the Mask/Enable register
to determine if a limit has been exceeded.
Table 8-15. Register Description
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
AUL15
AUL14
AUL13
AUL12
AUL11
AUL10
AUL9
AUL8
AUL7
AUL6
AUL5
AUL4
AUL3
AUL2
AUL1
AUL0
POR
VALUE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
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9 Application and Implementation
Note
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification,
and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for
determining suitability of components for their purposes, as well as validating and testing their design
implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application Information
The INA230 measures the voltage developed across a current-sensing resistor (RSHUNT) when current passes
through it. The device also measures the bus supply voltage and can calculate power when calibrated. It
comes with alert capability where the alert pin can be programmed to respond to a user-defined event or to a
conversion ready notification. This design illustrates the ability of the alert pin to respond to a set threshold.
9.2 Typical Applications
9.2.1 High-Side Sensing Circuit Application
CBYPASS
0.1 µF
+12-V Supply
Pullup Resistors
VS
(Supply Voltage)
VBUS
SDA
SCL
´
VIN+
Power Register
V
2
Current Register
ADC
RSHUNT
2 mW
I
IC
Interface
Alert
Voltage Register
A0
VIN-
A1
Alert Register
10-A
Load
GND
Figure 9-1. Typical Circuit Configuration, INA230
9.2.1.1 Design Requirements
Table 9-1 lists the design requirements for the circuit shown in Figure 9-1.
Table 9-1. Design Parameters
DESIGN PARAMETER
EXAMPLE VALUE
Power-supply voltage (VS)
3.3 V
Bus supply rail (VCM)
12 V
RSHUNT
2 mΩ
Nominal Load Current
10 A
Overcurrent fault threshold
40 A
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9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The Alert pin can be configured to respond to one of the five alert functions described in the Alert Pin section.
The alert pin must to be pulled up to the VS pin voltage through the pullup resistors. The configuration register
is set based on the required conversion time and averaging. The Mask/Enable register is set to identify the
required alert function and the Alert Limit register is set to the limit value used for comparison.
For this example the desired over current trip point is when the load current exceeds 40 A. To detect the
over current condition the Mask/Enable register must to be configured to detect a shunt voltage over voltage
condition. With a shunt resistor value of 2 mΩ the corresponding shunt voltage threshold is calculated to be 80
mV (2 mΩ × 40 A). Values for the Mask/Enable register and Alert Limit registers are shown in Section 9.2.1.3.
9.2.1.3 Application Curves
Figure 9-2 shows the Alert pin response to a shunt voltage over-limit of 80 mV for a conversion time (tCT) of
1.1 ms and averaging set to 1. Figure 9-3 shows the response for the same limit but with the conversion time
reduced to 140 µs.
Alert
(2 V/div)
ALERT
INPUT
LIMIT
Input/Limit
(50 mV/div)
Input/Limit
(50 mV/div)
Alert
(2 V/div)
ALERT
INPUT
LIMIT
Time (200 Ps/div)
Time (20 Ps/div)
D002
See Table 9-2
See Table 9-4
D002
tCT = 1.1 ms
See Table 9-5
See Table 9-3
See Table 9-4
Figure 9-2. Alert Response
tCT = 140 µs
See Table 9-5
Figure 9-3. Alert Response
Table 9-2. Configuration register (00h) Settings for Figure 9-2 (Value = 4025h)
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
BIT
NAME
RST
—
—
—
AVG2
AVG1
AVG0
VALUE
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
D15
D14
D8
D7
D6
VBUSCT VBUSCT VBUSCT
2
1
0
0
0
0
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
VSHCT2
VSHCT1
VSHCT0
MODE3
MODE2
MODE1
1
0
0
1
0
1
Table 9-3. Configuration register (00h) Settings for Figure 9-3 (Value = 4005h)
BIT #
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
BIT
NAME
RST
—
—
—
AVG2
AVG1
AVG0
VALUE
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
D8
D7
D6
VBUSCT VBUSCT VBUSCT
2
1
0
0
0
0
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
VSHCT2
VSHCT1
VSHCT0
MODE3
MODE2
MODE1
0
0
0
1
0
1
Table 9-4. Mask/Enable register (06h) Settings for Figure 9-2 and Figure 9-3 (Value = 8000h)
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
SOL
SUL
BOL
BUL
POL
CNVR
—
—
—
—
—
AFF
CVRF
OVF
APOL
LEN
VALUE
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Table 9-5. Alert Limit register (07h) Settings for Figure 9-2 and Figure 9-3 (Value = 7D00)
BIT #
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
BIT
NAME
AUL15
AUL14
AUL13
AUL12
AUL11
AUL10
AUL9
AUL8
AUL7
AUL6
AUL5
AUL4
AUL3
AUL2
AUL1
AUL0
VALUE
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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10 Power Supply Recommendations
The input circuitry of the device can accurately measure signals on common-mode voltages beyond its power
supply voltage, VS. For example, the voltage applied to the VS pin can be 5 V, whereas the load power-supply
voltage being monitored (the common-mode voltage) can be as high as 36 V. Note also that the device can
withstand the full 0-V to 36-V range at the input terminals, regardless of whether the device has power applied or
not.
Place the required power-supply bypass capacitors as close to the supply and ground terminals of the device as
possible to ensure stability. A typical value for this supply bypass capacitor is 0.1 μF. Applications with noisy or
high-impedance power supplies may require additional decoupling capacitors to reject power-supply noise.
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11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
Connect the input pins (IN+ and IN–) to the sensing resistor using a Kelvin connection or a 4-wire connection.
These connection techniques ensure that only the current-sensing resistor impedance is detected between
the input pins. Poor routing of the current-sensing resistor commonly results in additional resistance present
between the input pins. Given the very low ohmic value of the current-sensing resistor, any additional highcurrent carrying impedance causes significant measurement errors. Place the power-supply bypass capacitor as
close to the supply and ground pins as possible.
11.2 Layout Example
Bus Voltage
Device Address Lines:
Connect to SDA, SCL,
VS, or GND
NC
I2C Alert
(Can be left floating if unused)
NC
IN+
A1
IN-
A0
VBUS
ALERT
VIA to GND
Plane
GND
VS
SDA
RPULLUP1
RSHUNT
RPULLUP3
NC
CBYPASS
SCL
NC
NC
Supply Voltage (VS):
2.7 V to 5.5 V
NC
RPULLUP2
I2C Bus
Voltage
Load
2
2
I C Data I C Clock
(1) connect the VBUS pin to the power supply rail.
Figure 11-1. Layout Example (RGT Package)
30
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SBOS601A – FEBRUARY 2012 – REVISED DECEMBER 2021
Bus Voltage
Device Address Lines:
Connect to SDA, SCL,
VS, or GND
A1
IN+
A0
IN–
RSHUNT
I2C Alert
(Can be left floating if unused)
RPULLUP3
RPULLUP1
Alert
VBUS
SDA
GND
SCL
VS
VIA to GND
Plane
CBYPASS
Supply Voltage (VS):
2.7 V to 5.5 V
RPULLUP2
I2C Bus
Voltage
Load
I2C Data I2C Clock
(1) connect the VBUS pin to the power supply rail.
Figure 11-2. Layout Example (DGS Package)
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SBOS601A – FEBRUARY 2012 – REVISED DECEMBER 2021
12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Documentation Support
12.1.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation, see the following:
Texas Instruments, Transient Robustness for Current Shunt Monitors reference design
12.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. Click on
Subscribe to updates to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has changed. For
change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
12.3 Support Resources
TI E2E™ support forums are an engineer's go-to source for fast, verified answers and design help — straight
from the experts. Search existing answers or ask your own question to get the quick design help you need.
Linked content is provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do
not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use.
12.4 Trademarks
I2C™ is a trademark of NXP Semiconductors.
TI E2E™ is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled
with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may
be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published
specifications.
12.6 Glossary
TI Glossary
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
32
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
INA230AIDGSR
ACTIVE
VSSOP
DGS
10
2500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
2K5Q
Samples
INA230AIDGST
ACTIVE
VSSOP
DGS
10
250
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
2K5Q
Samples
INA230AIRGTR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
I230
Samples
INA230AIRGTT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
I230
Samples
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
