LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide
(LVDS Display Interface)
User's Guide
Literature Number: SNLU036A
April 1999 – Revised April 2014
User's Guide
SNLU036A – April 1999 – Revised April 2014
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide
(LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
Texas Instruments’ LDI demo kit contains a Transmitter (Tx) demo board and a Receiver (Rx) demo
board. This kit will demonstrate the chipsets interfacing from a graphics controller using Low Voltage
Differential Signaling (LVDS) to a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) flat panel.
The Transmitter board accepts 3V LVTLL/CMOS RGB signals from a graphics controller along with the
clock and control signals. The LVDS Transmitter converts the LVTLL/CMOS parallel lines into serialized
LVDS pairs. The serial data streams toggle at 3.5 times the clock speed.
The Receiver board accepts the LVDS serialized data (and clock) and converts them back into parallel
LVTLL/CMOS RGB signals for the Panel Timing Controller.
The user needs to provide the proper RGB inputs to the Transmitter and also to provide a proper interface
from the Receiver output to the panel timing controller. In some cases, a cable conversion board or
harness scramble may be necessary depending on type of cable/connector interface used.
Warnings:
The maximum voltage that should ever be applied to the LDI Transmitter or Receiver Vcc is 4 V. The
Transmitter and Receiver power supply pins (Vccs) are NOT 5 V tolerant. The Transmitter can however
accept a 3.3 V or 5 V LVTLL/CMOS level on the inputs (TxIN). The Transmitter inputs are 5 V tolerant.
The maximum voltage that can be applied to any input pin is 5.0 V.
Topic
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
2
...........................................................................................................................
Page
Contents of Demo Kit ........................................................................................... 3
Applications ....................................................................................................... 3
Features and Explanations .................................................................................... 4
Receiver ............................................................................................................. 5
How to Hook up the Demo Boards (Overview) ......................................................... 5
Power Connections .............................................................................................. 6
Transmitter Board ................................................................................................ 6
Tx Board Jumper Definition .................................................................................. 7
Tx Board Jumper Default Settings ......................................................................... 8
LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector .......................................................................... 9
Tx Optional: Parallel Termination for TxIN ............................................................. 11
Receiver Board .................................................................................................. 13
Rx Board Jumper Definition ................................................................................ 14
Rx Board Jumper Default Settings ....................................................................... 14
LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector ........................................................................ 15
18-bit or 24-bit Dual Pixel (New Mode) .................................................................. 22
Troubleshooting................................................................................................. 23
Additional Information ........................................................................................ 23
3M 26-Mini D Ribbon Cable and Connector ........................................................... 24
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
SNLU036A – April 1999 – Revised April 2014
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Contents of Demo Kit
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1
Contents of Demo Kit
1. One Transmitter board with IDC connectors on Tx input DS90C387MTD - 48 bit Transmitter
(http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ds90c387.pdf)
2. One Receiver board with IDC connectors on Rx output DS90CF388MTD - 48 bit Receiver
(http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ds90cf388.pdf)
NOTES:
1. The demo board trace layout is designed for minimum skew between channels. It is not absolutely
required in most applications but be aware that the skew margins will be reduced if your board layout
is not optimized.
2. The MDR LVDS connector footprint has been set to accept a D26-1 pinout. In order to connect the two
boards, use a .050” Mini D Ribbon (MDR) cable assembly, 14526-EZHB-XXX-0QC. Please refer to:
http://www.3m.com/Interconnects.
2
Applications
Transmitter
Board
Receiver
Board
LCD Panel
Digital RGB (TLL)
from Graphics
Controller
LVDS Interface
Cable
Digital RGB
(TLL) to Panel
Contents of Demo kit
Graphics
Card
AGP/PCI/ISA Bus
Note:
Demo Kit does not include the IDC
cables, Graphics Card or Panel.
Figure 1. LDI Application
The diagram above illustrates the use of the Chipset (Tx/Rx) in a Host to LCD Panel Interface.
Chipsets support up to 24-bit single pixel or 24-bit dual pixel AM-TFT LCD Panels for any VGA (640X480),
SVGA (800X600), XGA (1024X768), SXGA (1280X1024), or UXGA (1600X1200).
Because of the non-periodic nature of STN-DD SHFCLK, the Chipset may not work with all D-STN panels.
The PLL CLK input of the Transmitter requires a free running periodic SHFCLK. Most Graphics Controller
can provide a separate pin with a free running clock. In this case the STN-DD SHFCLK can be sent as
Data while the free running clock can be used as SHFCLK for the PLL ref CLK. For example, C&T's
65550's WEC (Pin102) can be programmed to provide a free running clock using the BMP (Bios
Modification Program). Please refer to STN Application using (AN-1056) for more information.
Refer to the proper datasheet information on Chipsets (Tx/Rx) provided on each board for more detailed
information.
Note: Refer to AN-1127 for suggested mapping schemes.
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LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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3
Features and Explanations
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3
Features and Explanations
3.1
Transmitter
3.1.1
Pre-Emphasis (PRE - pin 14/JP1):
1. 1. This feature enables you to overcome cable capacitance through the LVDS interface. This function
provides additional instantaneous current during switching transitions. NOTE: This function does NOT
affect Rx output drive.
2. This function works in “Old Mode” or “New Mode”.
3. This function affects Tx A0-A7 and CLKs LVDS outputs only.
4. To disable this function, pin 14 must be tied LOW. LVDS output drive will then be at its standard value
of 3.5mA.
5. The input will be pulled low (0.7 V) if no jumper is used. To adjust the level of pre-emphasis, place a
jumper on JP1 to Vcc. R48 will now be connected. R48 is a 2K potentiometer. Use a number 1.4mm
jeweler’s screwdriver to adjust R48. Turning clockwise will increase the pre-emphasis value. Turning
counterclockwise will decrease the pre-emphasis value. R48 should be adjusted to reduce overshoot.
Too much pre-emphasis can create an overshoot condition at the rising edge and an undershoot
condition on the falling edge. Icc will increase but allows you to drive longer cables. Too little preemphasis will not allow you to drive longer cables. Monitor any one of the LVDS lines (A0-A7) or CLK1
for a visual confirmation of its effect. It is recommended that you monitor the LVDS signals with a
differential probe. If a differential probe is not used, a single ended probe can be used for a quick
check.
3.1.2
PLL range select (PLLSEL - pin 15/JP5):
1. Auto-range is selected by tying pin 15 HIGH.
2. Low-range is selected by tying pin 15 LOW.
3. This function works in “Old Mode” or “New Mode”.
3.1.3
Dual/Single Operation (DUAL - pin 23/JP7):
1. This feature provides three different modes of operation. The modes of operation are:
1) Dual 112MHz TxIN, Dual 112MHz TxOUT (pin 23 = HIGH; jumper JP7 to Vcc)
2) Single 170MHz TxIN, Dual 85MHz TxOUT (pin 23 = Vcc/2; no jumper on JP7)
3) Single 112MHz TxIN, Single 112MHz TxOUT (pin 23 = LOW; jumper JP7 to GND)
2. This function works in “Old Mode” or “New Mode”.
3. In Single to Single mode, TxOUT0 through TxOUT3 and associated Tx inputs are active. TxOUT4
through TxOUT7 and associated inputs are disabled to promote power savings on the part.
3.1.4
DC Balance (BAL - pin 24/JP4):
1. This feature prevents charging of a cable in one state e.g. all “1s” or all “0s” for an extended period of
time. The benefit to this is to “open” up the LVDS “eye-pattern” (Reducing the Inter-Symbol Interference).
2. This function works in “New Mode” ONLY.
3. It affects Tx A0-A7 and LVDS CLK outputs only.
4. To disable this function, pin 24 is tied LOW. To enable this function pin 24 is tied HIGH.
5. BAL (pin 6 of the Rx/JP6 on Rx board) must also be tied HIGH to enable this function.
6. In this mode, the part is NOT backward compatible with existing FPD-Link technology. This feature
must be turned off to be backward compatible with current FPD-Link chipsets.
NOTE: Refer to the “Application Notes” on back of the data sheet for complete description of each feature.
4
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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Receiver
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4
Receiver
4.1
PLL range select (PLLSEL - pin 5/JP5):
1. Auto-range is selected by tying pin 5 HIGH.
2. Low-range is selected by tying pin 5 LOW.
4.2
DESKEW option (pin 4/JP4):
1. This function works in "New Mode" ONLY.
2. In order for the "DESKEW" feature to be operational (DESKEW=HIGH), a minimum of four clock cycles
is required during blanking time.
3. To set "DESKEW" feature OFF, set jumper JP4 LOW.
4.3
DC Balance (BAL - pin 6/JP6):
1. This feature prevents charging of a cable in one state e.g. all “1s” or all “0s” for an extended period of
time. The benefit to this is to “open” up the LVDS “eye-pattern”.
2. This function works in “New Mode” ONLY.
3. To disable this function, pin 6 is tied LOW. To enable this function pin 6 is tied HIGH.
4. BAL (pin 24 of the Tx/JP4 on Tx board) must also be tied HIGH to enable this function.
5. In this mode, the chipset is NOT backward compatible with existing FPD-Link technology. This feature
must be turned off to be backward compatible with current FPD-Link chipsets.
NOTE: Refer to the “Application Notes” section on the back of the datasheet for complete description of
each feature.
5
How to Hook up the Demo Boards (Overview)
The Tx demo board TxIN has been laid out to accept data from the Video Graphics card through two 50
pin IDC connectors. The TxOUT/RxIN interface uses the 3M MDR connector and 3M MDR cable with a
D26-1 pin out. This combination provides minimal skew between LVDS channels. The receiver board
RxOUT is laid out generically and must be mapped correctly to the panel being used.
1. Connect one end of the D26-1 MDR cable to the transmitter board and the other end to the receiver
board. This is a standard pinout cable, longer lengths are available for purchase from 3M - see
http://www.mmm.com
2. Jumpers have been configured from the factory (Refer to Tx and Rx "Jumper Default Settings" on
pages 11 and 17) to run in normal mode with Deskew function OFF and with pre-emphasis ON.
Jumpers are also provided on both boards so make sure that they are positioned correctly. See
"Jumper Setting Examples" on page 22 and page 25 for different application configurations.
3. From the Graphics card, connect the appropriate IDC cable to the transmitter board and connect two
50-pin IDC cables from the receiver boards to the panel (Note: Refer to AN-1127 for suggested
mapping schemes.) Note that pin 1 on the connector should be connected to pin 1 of the cable.
4. Power for the Tx and Rx boards are supplied externally through Test Pad (TP) TP1. Grounds for both
boards are connected through TP2.
5. Turn on the PC first then power up the panel.
Warning:
Clock 2 is brought over to the Rx board through the USB pair, which are not matched in length with Clock
1, or LVDS data lines. Also the differential impedance of the USB pair is rated at 90 Ω.
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LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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5
Power Connections
6
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Power Connections
The Transmitter and Receiver boards can only be powered by supplying power externally through TP1
(Vcc) and TP2 (GND). The maximum voltage that should ever be applied to the LDI Transmitter or
Receiver Vcc is 4V. For the transmitter and the receiver to be operational, /PD must be tied to Vcc which
is labeled as “JP3” and "JP1", respectively.
Note: J4 on the Tx and J1 on the Rx provide the interface for LVDS signals.
7
Transmitter Board
Vcc and Gnd MUST be
applied externally here
J1
Pin 1
49
Pin 1
B27
B26
B25
B24
B23
B22
B21
OR
B20
G27
G26
G25
G24
G23
G22
G21
G20
R27
R26
R25
R24
R23
R22
R21
R20
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
HSYNC
VSYNC
49
DE
J2
B17
B16
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
G17
G16
G15
G14
G13
G12
G11
G10
R17
R16
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
CLKIN
2
TxOUT LVDS signals
3M MDR26-1 Connector
Pin 14
Pin 1
CLK2-
CLK2+
GND
A0-
A0+
A1-
A1+
A2-
A2+
CLK1-
CLK1+
GND
50
GND
GND
2
GND
A3-
A3+
A4-
A4+
A5-
A5+
A6-
A6+
A7-
A7+
GND
Pin 13
Pin 26
J4
BAL
/PD
R_FB
DE
PRE PLLSEL
R_FDE
DUAL
50
Figure 2. Transmitter Board
6
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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Tx Board Jumper Definition
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Tx Board Jumper Definition
Table 1. Tx Board Jumper Definition (1)
Jumper
PRE
(JP1)
Purpose
Settings
= NONE
PRE-emphasis
GND
Vcc
= ON
GND
Vcc
(NONE: NO pre-emphasis; ON: pre-emphasis is adjusted through R48) When NO
jumper is used, pre-emphasis is at 0.7 V value.
R_FB
(JP2)
Rising or Falling Data Strobe
/PD
(JP3)
Power Down
= Rising
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
= Falling
GND
Vcc
= OFF
= ON
GND
Vcc
(OFF: Tx powers down; ON: Tx is operational)
BAL
(JP4)
= OFF
DC BALance
GND
Vcc
= ON
GND
Vcc
(Old Mode DC Balance OFF; New Mode DC Balance ON)
PLLSEL
(JP5)
PLL SELect (auto-range)
= LOW
GND
Vcc
= High
GND
Vcc
(LOW: auto-range OFF; HIGH: auto-range ON)
R_FDE
(JP6)
Rising or Falling Data Enable (1)
DUAL
(JP7)
DUAL/single mode
= Rising
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
= Falling
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
= Single
= Dual
(When NO jumper is used, it is in Single to Dual Mode.)
(1)
In Old Mode, the R_FDE pin is ignored by both the Tx and Rx when operating in Single (DUAL=LOW) or DUAL (DUAL=HIGH)
mode. When the transmitter is operating in Single-to-Dual Mode (DUAL=1/2 Vcc), the R_FDE pin must be set HIGH if active
data when DE signal is HIGH. In New Mode, R_FDE pins of both Tx and Rx boards MUST set to HIGH if DE signal is High
during active data. R_FDE pins must set to LOW when DE signal is LOW during active data.
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Tx Board Jumper Default Settings
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Tx Board Jumper Default Settings
The default setting for the Tx board is set to Old Mode, Dual-pixel mode and with pre-emphasis.
Table 2. Tx Board Jumper Default Settings (1)
Jumper
Name
PRE
R_FB
/PD
BAL
PLLSEL
R_FDE
DUAL
(1)
8
Purpose
Settings
PRE-emphasis (1)
Jumper
Number
JP1
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
Rising or Falling Data Strobe
JP2
Power Down
JP3
DC BALance (Old Mode)
JP4
PLL SELect (auto-range)
JP5
Rising or Falling Data Enable
JP6
DUAL/single mode
JP7
An adjustable potentiometer (2K Ω) is mounted at location R48. This allows pre-emphasis to be adjusted (only if JP1 has a
jumper to VCC). Use a number 1.4mm jewelers screwdriver to adjust R48. Turning clockwise will increase the pre-emphasis
value. Turning counterclockwise will decrease the pre-emphasis value. R48 should be adjusted to reduce overshoot. If no jumper
is used, the pre-emphasis value will be 0.7 V. See Tx Features and Explanations - Pre-Emphasis for description of feature.
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector
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10
LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector
The following two figures show how the Tx inputs are mapped to the IDC connector (It is also printed on
the demo boards.) and to each of the eight LVDS channels. Note: Refer to AN-1127 for suggested
mapping schemes.
Mapping for Old Mode (Transmitter Board)
50-pin IDC Connector
50-pin IDC Connector
Pin 1
49
B27
B26
B25
B24
B23
B22
B21
B20
G27
G26
G25
G24
G23
G22
G21
G20
R27
R26
R25
R24
R23
R22
R21
R20
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
2
Pin 1
A6
A5
A7
A5
A4
A4
HSYNC
VSYNC
A2
50
49
J1
B17
B16
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
G17
G16
G15
G14
G13
G12
G11
G10
R17
R16
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
CLKIN
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
DE
2
A2
A1
A3
A1
A0
A0
50
J2
CLK1
A0
G10
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
A1
B11
B10
G15
G14
G13
G12
G11
A2
DE
VSYNC
HSYNC
B15
B14
B13
B12
B17
B16
G17
G16
R17
R16
A3
A4
G20
R25
R24
R23
R22
R21
R20
A5
B21
B20
G25
G24
G23
G22
G21
A6
CNTLF
CNTLE
B25
B24
B23
B22
A7
B27
B26
G27
G26
R27
R26
CLK2
Previous
Cycle
Current
Cycle
Figure 3. Mapping for Old Mode (Transmitter Board)
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LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector
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Figure 4. Mapping for New Mode (Transmitter Board)
Figure 5. Mapping for New Mode (Transmitter Board)
10
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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Tx Optional: Parallel Termination for TxIN
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Tx Optional: Parallel Termination for TxIN
On the Tx demo board, there are 50 inputs that have an 0402 pad on one side and the other side tied to
ground. These pads are unpopulated from the factory but are provided if the user needs to adjust the input
termination to match the impedance of the input signal. PAD1 TO PAD48 and PAD50 to PAD52 are
associated with the Tx data input lines. PAD49 is associated with CLKIN.
Mapping for Transmitter Inputs for the Optional Parallel Termination Resistors:
Mapping for Transmitter Inputs for the Optional Parallel Termination Resistors
Tx Pin Names
Tx Pin Number
Parallel
Termination
Resistor
Tx Pin Names
Tx Pin Number
Parallel
Termination
Resistor
R10
10
PAD48
R22
80
PAD22
R11
9
PAD47
R23
79
PAD21
R12
8
PAD46
R24
78
PAD20
R13
7
PAD45
R25
77
PAD19
R14
6
PAD44
R26
76
PAD18
R15
5
PAD43
R27
75
PAD17
R16
4
PAD42
G20
74
PAD16
R17
3
PAD41
G21
73
PAD15
G10
2
PAD40
G22
72
PAD14
G11
1
PAD39
G23
71
PAD13
G12
100
PAD38
G24
70
PAD12
G13
99
PAD37
G25
69
PAD11
G14
96
PAD36
G26
66
PAD10
G15
95
PAD35
G27
65
PAD9
G16
94
PAD34
B20
64
PAD8
G17
93
PAD33
B21
63
PAD7
B10
92
PAD32
B22
62
PAD6
B11
91
PAD31
B23
61
PAD5
B12
90
PAD30
B24
60
PAD4
B13
89
PAD29
B25
59
PAD3
B14
88
PAD28
B26
58
PAD2
B15
87
PAD27
B27
57
PAD1
B16
86
PAD26
DE
56
PAD50
B17
85
PAD25
VSYNC
55
PAD51
R20
84
PAD24
HSYNC
54
PAD52
R21
81
PAD23
CLKIN
11
PAD49
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Tx Optional: Parallel Termination for TxIN
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BOM (Bill of Materials)
LDI3V8BT-112 TX BOM
Type
Pattern
Value
3M_MDR_D26-1
Qty = 1
3_PIN_HEADER
Qty = 10
Designators
J4
.1" spacing
JP1 JP2 JP3 JP4 JP5 JP6 JP7 JP8 JP9
JP10
25X2_IDC_CONN
Qty = 2
J1 J2
PAD
Qty = 52
0402 (See previous page)
Optional
CAP
Qty = 2
CC0805
.001uF
C4 C10
CAP
Qty = 4
CC0805
.01uF
C5 C6 C8 C11
CAP
Qty = 5
CC0805
.1uF
C1 C3 C7 C9 C12
DS90C387
Qty = 1
U1
POT
Qty = 1
10 KΩ
RES
Qty = 7
10 Ω
TESTPAD_.2"X.2"
Qty = 2
CAP100P
Qty = 4
12
PAD1 PAD2 PAD3 PAD4 PAD5 PAD6
PAD7 PAD8 PAD9 PAD10 PAD11 PAD12
PAD13 PAD14 PAD15 PAD16 PAD17
PAD18 PAD19 PAD20 PAD21 PAD22
PAD23 PAD24 PAD25 PAD26 PAD27
PAD28 PAD29 PAD30 PAD31 PAD32
PAD33 PAD34 PAD35 PAD36 PAD37
PAD38 PAD39 PAD40 PAD41 PAD42
PAD43 PAD44 PAD45 PAD46 PAD47
PAD48 PAD49 PAD50 PAD51 PAD52
R48
R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55
TP1 TP2
CAP100P
10uF
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Receiver Board
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Receiver Board
Vcc and Gnd MUST be
applied externally here
J3
50
R_FDE
PowerDown (bar) Jumper
RxIN LVDS signals
3M MDR26-1 connector
Pin 26
Pin 13
GND
A7+
A7-
A6+
A6-
A5+
A5-
A4+
A4-
A3+
A3-
GND
GND
GND
GND
CLK1+
2
CLK1-
A2+
A2-
A1+
A1-
A0+
A0-
GND
CLK2+
CLK2-
Pin 14
50
Pin 1
DESKEW
PLLSEL
BAL
B27
B26
B25
B24
B23
B22
B21
B20
G27
G26
G25
G24
G23
G22
G21
G20
B27
B26
B25
B24
B23
B22
B21
B20
gnd
B17
B16
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
G17
G16
G15
G14
G13
G12
G11
G10
R17
R16
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
CLKOUT
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
49
Pin 1
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
49
CNTLE/NC
CNTLF/NC
STOPCLK
HSYNC
VSYNC
DE
Pin 1
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
13
2
J4
Figure 6. Receiver Board
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Rx Board Jumper Definition
13
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Rx Board Jumper Definition
Table 3.
Jumper
Purpose
/PD
(JP1)
PowerDown
Settings
= OFF
GND
Vcc
= ON
GND
Vcc
(OFF Tx powers down; ON Tx is operational)
R_FDE
(JP2)
Rising or Falling
Data Enable
DESKEW
(JP4)
DESKEW
PLLSEL
(JP5)
PLL SELect
(auto range)
BAL
(JP6)
DC BALance
= Falling
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
= Rising
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
= OFF
= ON
= OFF
= ON
= OFF
GND
Vcc
= ON
GND
Vcc
(Old Mode DC Balance OFF; New Mode DC Balance ON)
14
Rx Board Jumper Default Settings
Table 4.
Jumper
Purpose
/PD
PowerDown -- ON
(Part is enabled)
R_FDE
DESKEW
PLLSEL
BAL
14
Settings
JP1
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
Rising or Falling
Data Enable
JP2
DESKEW
PLL SELect
(auto range)
Jumper
Number
JP4
JP5
DC BALance
JP6
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15
LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector
The following two figures show how the Rx outputs are mapped to the IDC connector and to each of the
eight LVDS channels.
Note: Refer to AN-1127 for suggested mapping schemes.
Figure 7. Mapping for Old Mode (Receiver Board)
50-pin IDC Connector
50-pin IDC Connector
50
A6
A5
A7
A5
A4
A4
2
B27
B26
B25
B24
B23
B22
B21
B20
G27
G26
G25
G24
G23
G22
G21
G20
B27
B26
B25
B24
B23
B22
B21
B20
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
50
49
A2
A1
A3
A1
A0
A0
Pin 1
2
B17
B16
B15
B14
B13
B12
B11
B10
G17
G16
G15
G14
G13
G12
G11
G10
R17
R16
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
CLKOut
J3
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
gnd
49
CNTLE/NC
CNTLF/NC
STOPCLK
HSYNC
VSYNC
DE
Pin 1
J4
CLK1
A0
G10
R15
R14
R13
R12
R11
R10
A1
B11
B10
G15
G14
G13
G12
G11
A2
DE
VSYNC
HSYNC
B15
B14
B13
B12
B17
B16
G17
G16
R17
R16
A3
A4
G20
R25
R24
R23
R22
R21
R20
A5
B21
B20
G25
G24
G23
G22
G21
A6
CNTLF
CNTLE
B25
B24
B23
B22
A7
B27
B26
G27
G26
R27
R26
CLK2
Previous
Cycle
Current
Cycle
Figure 8. Mapping for Old Mode (Receiver Board)
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LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector
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Mapping for New Mode (Receiver Board)
Figure 9.
16
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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Rx Optional: Series Termination for RxOut
On the Rx demo board there are 49 outputs that have an 0402 pad in series (but shorted). These pads
are unpopulated from the factory but are provided if the user needs to adjust the output series termination
to match the impedance of an input line the user must cut the short out before mounting a series resistor.
R6-R12, R24-R37, R41-R70 are associated with the DATA input lines. R23 is associated with CLKOUT.
Rx Pin
Number
Parallel
Termination
Resistor
Rx Pin
Number
Parallel
Termination
Resistor
R10
8
R70
R11
9
R31
R24
43
R56
R25
46
R55
R12
10
R13
11
R69
R26
47
R54
R32
R27
48
R14
R53
12
R68
G20
49
R52
R15
14
R33
G21
50
R51
R16
15
R67
G22
51
R41
R17
17
R34
G23
52
R12
G10
18
R66
G24
53
R42
G11
19
R35
G25
55
R11
G12
20
R65
G26
57
R43
G13
21
R36
G27
58
R10
G14
22
R64
B20
59
R44
G15
24
R37
B21
60
R9
G16
26
R30
B22
61
R45
G17
27
R63
B23
62
R8
B10
28
R29
B24
64
R46
B11
29
R62
B25
65
R7
B12
30
R28
B26
67
R47
B13
31
R61
B27
68
R6
B14
32
R27
DE
69
R48
B15
34
R60
VSYNC
70
R5
B16
36
R26
HSYNC
71
R49
B17
37
R59
STOPCLK
73
R4
R20
38
R58
CNTLF/NC
74
R50
R21
39
R25
CNTLE/NC
75
R3
R22
40
R57
R23
41
R24
CLKOUT
42
R23
Rx Pin
Names
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Rx Pin
Names
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17
LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector
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BOM (Bill of Materials)
LDI3V8BT-112 RX BOM
Type
2_PIN_HEADER
Qty = 1
Pattern
Value
.1" spacing
JP3
3M_MDR_D26--1
Qty = 1
3_PIN_HEADER
Qty = 5
Designators
J2
.1" spacing
JP1 JP2 JP4 JP5 JP6
25X2_IDC_R
Qty = 2
J3 J4
PAD
Qty = 6
402
Shorted
CAP
Qty = 2
CC0805
.001 uF
Qty = 4
CC0805
.01 uF
C5 C6 C8 C11
Qty = 5
CC0805
.1 uF
C2 C3 C7 C9 C12
DS90CF388
Qty = 1
R0402
Qty = 55
Optional
(See previous page)
R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R23 R24 R25 R26
R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R41
R42 R43 R44 R45 R46 R47 R48 R49 R50 R51 R52 R53
R54 R55 R56 R57 R58 R59 R60 R61 R62 R63 R64 R65
R66 R67 R68 R69 R70
100 Ω
Qty = 5
10 Ω
TESTPAD_.2"X.2"
Qty = 2
18
C4 C10
U1
RES
Qty = 10
CAP100P
Qty = 4
PAD1 PAD2 PAD3 PAD4 PAD5 PAD6
R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22
R1 R2 R38 R39 R40
TP1 TP2
CAP100P
10 uF
C1 C13 C14 C15
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Jumper Setting Examples 1 (Old Mode)
The LDI chipset supports up to 24-bit single pixel and 24-bit dual pixel formats. The following examples
show how to set the jumpers for a specific pixel format in Old Mode.
18-bit or 24-bit Single Pixel (Old Mode)
The jumper settings below are for Old Mode, Single to Single pixel application.
For Tx board: (For Rx board jumper settings in this application, see Rx Board Jumper Default Settings)
Tx Board settings (1) (2)
Jumper
Purpose
PRE
PRE-Emphasis (3)
R_FB
/PD
BAL
PLLSEL
R_FDE
DUAL
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Settings
Rising or Falling
data strobe
JP1
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
JP2
PowerDown
JP3
DC BALance
PLL SELect
(auto range)
Jumper
Number
JP4
JP5
Rising or Falling
Data Enable (4)
JP6
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
DUAL/single mode
JP7
In the single pixel mode, only TxOUT0 through TxOUT3 (LVDS channels A0-A3) and their associated inputs are active. TxOUT4
through TxOUT7 and their associated inputs and CLK2 are disabled for power savings.
"Old Mode" is backward compatible to existing FPD-Link technology.
An adjustable potentiometer (2K ohm) is mounted at location R48. This allows pre- emphasis to be adjusted (only if JP1 has a
jumper to VCC). Use a number 1.4mm jewelers screwdriver to adjust R48. Turning clockwise will increase the pre-emphasis
value. Turning counterclockwise will decrease the pre-emphasis value. R48 should be adjusted to reduce overshoot. If no jumper
is used, the pre-emphasis value will be 0.7 V. See Section 3.1.1 for description of feature.
In Old Mode, R_FDE can be set HIGH or LOW.
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LVDS Mapping by IDC Connector
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18-bit or 24-bit Dual Pixel (Old Mode)
(Default Setting from the factory)
The jumper settings below are for Old Mode, Dual to Dual pixel application.
For Tx board: (For Rx board jumper settings in this application, see Rx Board Jumper Settings).
18-bit or 24-bit Dual Pixel (Old Mode)
Jumper
Purpose
PRE
PRE-Emphasis (1)
R_FB
/PD
BAL
PLLSEL
R_FDE
DUAL
(1)
(2)
20
Settings
Rising or Falling
data strobe
JP1
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
JP2
PowerDown
JP3
DC BALance
PLL SELect
(auto range)
Jumper
Number
JP4
JP5
Rising or Falling
Data Enable (2)
JP6
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
DUAL/single mode
JP7
An adjustable potentiometer (2K ohm) is mounted at location R48. This allows pre- emphasis to be adjusted (only if JP1 has a
jumper to VCC). Use a number 1.4mm jewelers screwdriver to adjust R48. Turning clockwise will increase the pre-emphasis
value. Turning counterclockwise will decrease the pre-emphasis value. R48 should be adjusted to reduce overshoot. If no jumper
is used, the pre-emphasis value will be 0.7V. See Section 3.1.1 for description of feature.
In Old Mode, R_FDE can be set HIGH or LOW.
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Jumper Setting Example 2 (New Mode)
The LDI chipset supports up to 24-bit single pixel and 24-bit dual pixel formats. The following examples
show how to set the jumper for a specific pixel format in New Mode.
18-bit or 24-bit Single Pixel (New Mode)
The jumper settings below are for New Mode, Single to Single pixel application.
For Tx board: (The Rx board jumper settings in this application is the same as Rx Board Jumper Default
Settings except the BAL pin(JP6), which must be set to Vcc.)
Table 5. 18-bit or 24-bit Single Pixel (New Mode) (1)
Jumper
PRE
R_FB
/PD
BAL
PLLSEL
R_FDE
DUAL
(1)
(2)
(3)
Purpose
Settings
PRE-Emphasis (2)
Jumper
Number
JP1
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
Rising or Falling data strobe
JP2
PowerDown
JP3
DC BALance
JP4
PLL SELect (auto range)
JP5
Rising or Falling Data Enable (3)
JP6
DUAL/single mode
JP7
In the single pixel mode, only TxOUT0 through TxOUT3 (LVDS channels A0-A3) and their associated inputs are active. TxOUT4
through TxOUT7 and their associated inputs and CLK2 are disabled for power savings.
An adjustable potentiometer (2K Ω) is mounted at location R48. This allows pre- emphasis to be adjusted (only if JP1 has a
jumper to VCC). Use a number 1.4mm jewelers screwdriver to adjust R48. Turning clockwise will increase the pre-emphasis
value. Turning counterclockwise will decrease the pre-emphasis value. R48 should be adjusted to reduce overshoot. If no jumper
is used, the pre-emphasis value will be 0.7 V.
In Balanced Mode (New Mode), R_FDE pin (pin 21) MUST be set to HIGH if DE signal (pin 56) is HIGH during active data.
R_FDE pin must set to LOW when DE signal is LOW during active data.
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18-bit or 24-bit Dual Pixel (New Mode)
16
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18-bit or 24-bit Dual Pixel (New Mode)
The jumper settings below are for New Mode, Dual to Dual pixel application.
For Tx Board: (The Rx board jumper settings in this application is the same as the Rx Board Jumper
Default Settings on page 17 except the BAL pin(JP6), which must be set to Vcc.)
Table 6. 18-bit or 24-bit Dual Pixel (New Mode)
Jumper
PRE
R_FB
/PD
BAL
PLLSEL
R_FDE
DUAL
(1)
(2)
22
Purpose
Settings
PRE-Emphasis (1)
Jumper
Number
JP1
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
GND
Vcc
Rising or Falling data strobe
JP2
PowerDown
JP3
DC BALance (New Mode)
JP4
PLL SELect (auto range)
JP5
Rising or Falling Data Enable (2)
JP6
DUAL/single mode
JP7
An adjustable potentiometer (2K ohm) is mounted at location R48. This allows pre-emphasis to be adjusted (only if JP1 has a
jumper to VCC). Use a number 1.4mm jewelers screwdriver to adjust R48. Turning clockwise will increase the pre-emphasis
value. Turning counterclockwise will decrease the pre-emphasis value. R48 should be adjusted to reduce overshoot. If no jumper
is used, the pre-emphasis value will be 0.7V. See Tx Features and Explanations - Pre-Emphasis for description of feature.
In Balanced Mode (New Mode), R_FDE pin (pin 21) MUST be set to HIGH if DE signal (pin 56) is HIGH during active data.
R_FDE pin must set to LOW when DE signal is LOW during active data.
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17
Troubleshooting
If the demo boards are not performing properly, use the following as a guide for quick solutions to
common problems. If the problem persists, contact the hotline number listed under Additional Information
section of this document.
Check the following:
1. Power and Ground are connected to both Tx AND Rx boards
2. Supply voltage (typical 3.3 V) and current (It's around 200 mA with clock and one data bit at 66 MHz.)
are correct.
3. Input clock and input data (It's best to start with one data bit.) to the Tx board.
4. Jumpers are set correctly or to default settings.
5. The 2 meter cable is connecting the Tx and Rx boards.
6. Make sure all of the connections are good.
7. Start with a low clock frequency (40 or 66 MHz) and work from there.
Trouble shooting chart:
Table 7. Troubleshooting Chart
Problem
Solution
There is only the output clock. There is no output data.
Make sure the data scramble/mapping is correct.
Make sure there is data input.
No output data and clock.
Make sure Power is on. Input data and clock are active and
connected correctly.
Make sure that the 2 meter cable is secured to both demo
boards.
Power, ground, input data and input clock are connected
correctly, but no outputs.
Check the Power Down pins of both boards and make sure the
devices are enabled (/PD=ON) for operation.
The devices are pulling more than 1A of current.
Check for shorts on the demo boards.
After powering up the demo boards, the power supply reads less Use a larger power supply that will provide enough current for
than 3 V when it is set to 3.3 V.
the demo boards.
18
Additional Information
For more information on FPD-Link Transmitters/Receivers and other Interface products, refer to the Texas
Instruments URL: http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/analog/interface/interface.page
18.1 Application Notes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AN-971 An Overview of LVDS technology
AN-1032 An Introduction to FPD-Link
AN-1127 LVDS Display Interface TFT Data Mapping for Interoperability with FPD-Link
AN-1163 TFT Data Mapping for Dual Pixel LDI Application - Alternate A - Color Map
AN-1085 FPD-Link PCB and Interconnect Design-In Guidelines
AN-977 LVDS Signal Quality: Jitter measurement using Eye pattern
AN-977 LVDS Signal Quality: Jitter measurement using Eye pattern
AN-1059 High Speed Transmission with LVDS Devices
SID'99 LDI Paper:
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/snla168/snla168.pdf
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LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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23
3M 26-Mini D Ribbon Cable and Connector
19
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3M 26-Mini D Ribbon Cable and Connector
The next few pages provide a full description of the cable and connector. For product request please
contact 3M.
3M Cable and Connector Data is available at: http://www.mmm.com/Interconnects
24
LDI Demonstration Kit User Guide (LVDS Display Interface) Introduction
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Revision History
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Revision History
DATE
April 2014
January 2014
2001
1999
1999
CHANGES
Converted to TI User Guide format.
• Removed cables from parts included with the kit.
• Updated 3M datasheet information.
• Updated contact info and links to reflect TI references.
Included EVK schematic with documentation.
• Updated 3M datasheet information.
• Updated Transmitter/Receiver Rev 4 demo board schematics.
The first version of the LDI3V8BT 112MHz evaluation boards documentation.
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Copyright © 1999–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
25
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indemnity shall apply whether Claims arise under law of tort or contract or any other legal theory, and even if EVMs fail to perform as
described or expected.
Safety-Critical or Life-Critical Applications. If user intends to use EVMs in evaluations of safety critical applications (such as life support),
and a failure of a TI product considered for purchase by user for use in user’s product would reasonably be expected to cause severe
personal injury or death such as devices which are classified as FDA Class III or similar classification, then user must specifically notify TI
of such intent and enter into a separate Assurance and Indemnity Agreement.
RADIO FREQUENCY REGULATORY COMPLIANCE INFORMATION FOR EVALUATION MODULES
Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) evaluation boards, kits, and/or modules (EVMs) and/or accompanying hardware that is marketed, sold,
or loaned to users may or may not be subject to radio frequency regulations in specific countries.
General Statement for EVMs Not Including a Radio
For EVMs not including a radio and not subject to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or Industry Canada (IC)
regulations, TI intends EVMs to be used only for engineering development, demonstration, or evaluation purposes. EVMs are not finished
products typically fit for general consumer use. EVMs may nonetheless generate, use, or radiate radio frequency energy, but have not been
tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to part 15 of FCC or the ICES-003 rules. Operation of such EVMs may
cause interference with radio communications, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may
be required to correct this interference.
General Statement for EVMs including a radio
User Power/Frequency Use Obligations: For EVMs including a radio, the radio included in such EVMs is intended for development and/or
professional use only in legally allocated frequency and power limits. Any use of radio frequencies and/or power availability in such EVMs
and their development application(s) must comply with local laws governing radio spectrum allocation and power limits for such EVMs. It is
the user’s sole responsibility to only operate this radio in legally acceptable frequency space and within legally mandated power limitations.
Any exceptions to this are strictly prohibited and unauthorized by TI unless user has obtained appropriate experimental and/or development
licenses from local regulatory authorities, which is the sole responsibility of the user, including its acceptable authorization.
U.S. Federal Communications Commission Compliance
For EVMs Annotated as FCC – FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Part 15 Compliant
Caution
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause
harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Changes or modifications could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
FCC Interference Statement for Class A EVM devices
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to
cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at its own expense.
FCC Interference Statement for Class B EVM devices
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment
generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If
this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Industry Canada Compliance (English)
For EVMs Annotated as IC – INDUSTRY CANADA Compliant:
This Class A or B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the
equipment.
Concerning EVMs Including Radio Transmitters
This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this
device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired
operation of the device.
Concerning EVMs Including Detachable Antennas
Under Industry Canada regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum (or lesser) gain
approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada. To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should
be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication.
This radio transmitter has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed in the user guide with the maximum
permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain
greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.
Canada Industry Canada Compliance (French)
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A ou B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada
Les changements ou les modifications pas expressément approuvés par la partie responsable de la conformité ont pu vider l’autorité de
l'utilisateur pour actionner l'équipement.
Concernant les EVMs avec appareils radio
Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est
autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout
brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.
Concernant les EVMs avec antennes détachables
Conformément à la réglementation d'Industrie Canada, le présent émetteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d'un type et d'un gain
maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par Industrie Canada. Dans le but de réduire les risques de brouillage radioélectrique à
l'intention des autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnée équivalente
(p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité nécessaire à l'établissement d'une communication satisfaisante.
Le présent émetteur radio a été approuvé par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner avec les types d'antenne énumérés dans le manuel
d’usage et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requise pour chaque type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans
cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au gain maximal indiqué, sont strictement interdits pour l'exploitation de l'émetteur.
Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265
Copyright © 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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Important Notice for Users of EVMs Considered “Radio Frequency Products” in Japan
EVMs entering Japan are NOT certified by TI as conforming to Technical Regulations of Radio Law of Japan.
If user uses EVMs in Japan, user is required by Radio Law of Japan to follow the instructions below with respect to EVMs:
1.
2.
3.
Use EVMs in a shielded room or any other test facility as defined in the notification #173 issued by Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications on March 28, 2006, based on Sub-section 1.1 of Article 6 of the Ministry’s Rule for Enforcement of Radio Law of
Japan,
Use EVMs only after user obtains the license of Test Radio Station as provided in Radio Law of Japan with respect to EVMs, or
Use of EVMs only after user obtains the Technical Regulations Conformity Certification as provided in Radio Law of Japan with respect
to EVMs. Also, do not transfer EVMs, unless user gives the same notice above to the transferee. Please note that if user does not
follow the instructions above, user will be subject to penalties of Radio Law of Japan.
http://www.tij.co.jp
【無線電波を送信する製品の開発キットをお使いになる際の注意事項】 本開発キットは技術基準適合証明を受けておりません。 本製品の
ご使用に際しては、電波法遵守のため、以下のいずれかの措置を取っていただく必要がありますのでご注意ください。
1.
2.
3.
電波法施行規則第6条第1項第1号に基づく平成18年3月28日総務省告示第173号で定められた電波暗室等の試験設備でご使用いただく。
実験局の免許を取得後ご使用いただく。
技術基準適合証明を取得後ご使用いただく。。
なお、本製品は、上記の「ご使用にあたっての注意」を譲渡先、移転先に通知しない限り、譲渡、移転できないものとします
上記を遵守頂けない場合は、電波法の罰則が適用される可能性があることをご留意ください。
日本テキサス・インスツルメンツ株式会社
東京都新宿区西新宿6丁目24番1号
西新宿三井ビル
http://www.tij.co.jp
Texas Instruments Japan Limited
(address) 24-1, Nishi-Shinjuku 6 chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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TI warrants performance of its components to the specifications applicable at the time of sale, in accordance with the warranty in TI’s terms
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Copyright © 2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated