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LM2590HV-AQ-Q1
SNOSAC0C – MAY 2004 – REVISED JULY 2016
LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Converter 150-kHz, 1-A, Step-Down Voltage
Regulator With Features
1 Features
3 Description
•
•
The LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 regulator is a monolithic
integrated circuit which provides all the active
functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator,
and is capable of driving a 1-A load with excellent line
and load regulation. The LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 is
available in fixed output voltages of 3.3 V, 5 V, as
well as an adjustable output version.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Qualified for Automotive Applications
AEC-Q100 Test Guidance With the Following:
– Device Temperature Grade 1: –40°C to
+125°C Ambient Operating Temperature
– Device HBM ESD Classification Level 2
– Device MM ESD Classification Level M3
3.3-V, 5-V, and Adjustable Output Versions
Adjustable Version Output Voltage Range: 1.2 V
to 57 V ±4% Maximum Over Line and Load
Conditions
1-A Output Load Current
Available in 7-Pin TO-220 and TO-263 (Surface
Mount) Package
Input Voltage Range up to 60 V
150-kHz Fixed Frequency Internal Oscillator
Shutdown and Soft Start
Out-of-Regulation Error Flag
Error Flag Delay
Low Power Standby Mode, IQ Typically 90 μA
High Efficiency
Thermal Shutdown and Current-Limit Protection
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
Simple High-Efficiency Step-Down (Buck)
Regulators
Efficient Preregulator for Linear Regulators
On-Card Switching Regulators
Positive-to-Negative Converters
The LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 switching regulator is similar
to the LM2591HV with additional supervisory and
performance features.
Requiring a minimum number of external
components, these regulators are simple to use and
include internal frequency compensation (1), improved
line and load specifications, fixed-frequency oscillator,
shutdown or soft start, output error flag, and flag
delay.
The LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 operates at a switching
frequency of 150 kHz, thus allowing smaller sized
filter components than what would be needed with
lower frequency switching regulators. Available in a
standard 7-pin TO-220 package with several different
lead bend options, and a 7-pin TO-263 surface mount
package.
Other features include a ±4% tolerance on output
voltage under all conditions of input voltage and
output load conditions, and ±15% on the oscillator
frequency. External shutdown is included, featuring
typically 90-μA standby current. Self-protection
features include a two stage current limit for the
output switch and an overtemperature shutdown for
complete protection under fault conditions.
Device Information (a)
PART NUMBER
LM2590HV-AQQ1
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
DDPAK/TO-263 (7) 10.10 mm × 8.89 mm
TO-220 (5)
14.986 mm × 10.16 mm
(a) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
(1)
Patent Number 5,382,918.
Typical Application (Fixed Output Voltage Versions)
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LM2590HV-AQ-Q1
SNOSAC0C – MAY 2004 – REVISED JULY 2016
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Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
4
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics – 3.3 V ..............................
Electrical Characteristics – 5 V .................................
Electrical Characteristics – ADJ ...............................
All Output Voltage Versions Electrical
Characteristics ...........................................................
6.9 Typical Characteristics ..............................................
6
8
7
Parameter Measurement Information ................ 12
8
Detailed Description ............................................ 13
7.1 Test Circuits ............................................................ 12
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
9
Overview .................................................................
Functional Block Diagram .......................................
Feature Description.................................................
Device Functional Modes........................................
13
13
13
16
Application and Implementation ........................ 17
9.1 Application Information............................................ 17
9.2 Typical Application ................................................. 19
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 22
11 Layout................................................................... 22
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 22
11.2 Layout Examples................................................... 22
12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 24
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
Documentation Support ........................................
Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
24
24
24
24
24
24
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 24
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision B (April 2013) to Revision C
•
Added ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation
section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section. ................................................................................................. 1
Changes from Revision A (April 2013) to Revision B
•
2
Page
Page
Changed layout of National Semiconductor Data Sheet to TI format .................................................................................. 22
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SNOSAC0C – MAY 2004 – REVISED JULY 2016
5 Pin Configuration and Functions
KTT Package
7-Pin TO-220
Top View
KTW Package
7-Pin TO-263
Side View
Pin Functions
PIN
NO.
NAME
I/O (1)
DESCRIPTION
1
+VIN
I
This is the positive input supply for the IC switching regulator. A suitable input bypass capacitor must be
present at this pin to minimize voltage transients and to supply the switching currents needed by the
regulator.
2
Output
O
Internal switch. The voltage at this pin switches between approximately (+VIN – VSAT) and approximately
−0.5 V, with a duty cycle of VOUT/VIN.
3
Error Flag
O
Open-collector output that goes active low (≤ 1 V) when the output of the switching regulator is out of
regulation (less than 95% of its nominal value). In this state it can sink maximum 3 mA. When not low, it
can be pulled high to signal that the output of the regulator is in regulation (power good). During power up,
it can be programmed to go high after a certain delay as set by the Delay pin (Pin 5). The maximum rating
of this pin must not be exceeded, so if the rail to which it will be pulled up to is higher than 45 V, a
resistive divider must be used instead of a single pullup resistor, as indicated in Figure 25.
4
Ground
G
Circuit ground.
O
This sets a programmable power-up delay from the moment that the output reaches regulation, to the high
signal output (power good) on Pin 3. A capacitor on this pin starts charging up by means on an internal (≊
3 μA) current source when the regulated output rises to within 5% of its nominal value. Pin 3 goes high
(with an external pullup) when the voltage on the capacitor on Pin 5 exceeds 1.3 V. The voltage on this
pin is clamped internally to about 1.7 V. If the regulated output drops out of regulation (less than 95% of
its nominal value), the capacitor on Pin 5 is rapidly discharged internally and Pin 3 will be forced low in
about 1/1000th of the set power-up delay time.
I
Senses the regulated output voltage to complete the feedback loop. This pin is directly connected to the
output for the fixed voltage versions, but is set to 1.23 V by means of a resistive divider from the output for
the adjustable version. If a feedforward capacitor is used (adjustable version), then a negative voltage
spike is generated on this pin whenever the output is shorted. This happens because the feedforward
capacitor cannot discharge fast enough, and because one end of it is dragged to ground, the other end
goes momentarily negative. To prevent the energy rating of this pin from being exceeded, a small-signal
Schottky diode to ground is recommended for DC input voltages above 40 V whenever a feedforward
capacitor is present (see Figure 25). Feedforward capacitor values larger than 0.1 μF are not
recommended for the same reason, whatever be the DC input voltage.
5
6
7
Delay
Feedback
Shutdown /
Soft Start
I
The regulator is in shutdown mode, drawing about 90 μA, when this pin is driven to a low level (≤ 0.6 V),
and is in normal operation when this pin is left floating (internal pullup) or driven to a high level (≥ 2 V).
The typical value of the threshold is 1.3 V and the pin is internally clamped to a maximum of about 7 V. If
it is driven higher than the clamp voltage, it must be ensured by means of an external resistor that the
current into the pin does not exceed 1 mA. The duty cycle is minimum (0%) if this pin is below 1.8 V, and
increases as the voltage on the pin is increased. The maximum duty cycle (100%) occurs when this pin is
at 2.8 V or higher. So adding a capacitor to this pin produces a soft-start feature. An internal current
source charges the capacitor from zero to its internally clamped value. The charging current is about 5 μA
when the pin is below 1.3 V but is reduced to only 1.6 μA above 1.3 V, so as to allow the use of smaller
soft-start capacitors.
NOTE
If any of the above three features (Shutdown /Soft
Start, Error Flag, or Delay) are not used, the
respective pins can be left open.
(1)
I = Input, O = Output, G = Ground.
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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1)
MAX
UNIT
Maximum supply voltage (VIN)
MIN
63
V
SD /SS pin input voltage (2)
6
V
1.5
V
Delay pin voltage (2)
Flag pin voltage
−0.3
45
V
Feedback pin voltage
−0.3
25
V
−1
V
Output voltage to ground (steady-state)
Power dissipation
Lead temperature
Internally limited
S Package
T Package
Vapor Phase (60 sec.)
215
°C
Infrared (10 sec.)
245
°C
(Soldering, 10 sec.)
260
°C
150
°C
150
°C
Maximum junction temperature
−65
Storage temperature, Tstg
(1)
(2)
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Voltage internally clamped. If clamp voltage is exceeded, limit current to a maximum of 1 mA.
6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge (1)
Human-body model (HBM), per AEC Q100-002 (2) (1)
±2000
Machine Model (AEC-100-003)
±200
UNIT
V
The human body model is a 100-pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5-k resistor; the Machine Model is 200 pF discharged through a 0Ω resistor.
AEC Q100-002 indicates that HBM stressing shall be in accordance with the ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 specification.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
MIN
MAX
UNIT
Ambient temperature
−40
125
°C
Junction temperature
−40
150
°C
4.5
60
V
Supply voltage
6.4 Thermal Information
LM2590HV-AQ-Q1
THERMAL METRIC (1)
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
See
(2) (3)
RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
(1)
(2)
(3)
4
KTT (TO-220)
KTW (TO-263)
UNIT
7 PINS
7 PINS
50
50
°C/W
2
2
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance to JESD 51-7
Thermal Resistances were simulated on a 4-layer, JEDEC board
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SNOSAC0C – MAY 2004 – REVISED JULY 2016
6.5 Electrical Characteristics – 3.3 V
Specifications are for TJ = 25°C unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
SYSTEM PARAMETERS – See
TEST CONDITIONS
VOUT
Output voltage
4.75 V ≤ VIN ≤ 60 V, 0.2 A ≤
ILOAD ≤ 1 A
η
Efficiency
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 1 A
(1)
(2)
(3)
MIN (1)
TYP (2)
MAX (1)
UNIT
(3)
3.168
apply over full operating temperature
range
3.3
3.135
3.432
V
3.465
77%
All limits at room temperature (TJ = 25°C) unless otherwise specified. All room temperature limits are 100% production tested. All limits
at temperature extremes are via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate
Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator system performance.
When the LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 is used as shown in the Figure 24 test circuit, system performance will be as shown in system parameters
section of Electrical Characteristics.
6.6 Electrical Characteristics – 5 V
Specifications are for TJ = 25°C unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
SYSTEM PARAMETERS – See
TEST CONDITIONS
VOUT
Output voltage
7 V ≤ VIN ≤ 60 V, 0.2 A ≤ ILOAD
≤1A
η
Efficiency
VIN = 12 V, ILOAD = 1 A
(1)
(2)
(3)
MIN (1)
TYP (2)
MAX (1)
UNIT
(3)
4.8
apply over full operating
temperature range
5
4.75
5.2
V
5.25
82%
All limits at room temperature (TJ = 25°C) unless otherwise specified. All room temperature limits are 100% production tested. All limits
at temperature extremes are via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate
Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator system performance.
When the LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 is used as shown in the Figure 24 test circuit, system performance will be as shown in system parameters
section of Electrical Characteristics.
6.7 Electrical Characteristics – ADJ
Specifications are for TJ = 25°C unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
SYSTEM PARAMETERS – See
(3)
VFB
Feedback voltage
4.5 V ≤ VIN ≤ 60 V, 0.2 A ≤
ILOAD ≤ 1 A
IFB
Feedback bias
current
VFB = 1.3 V
η
Efficiency
VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 3 V, ILOAD = 1 A
(1)
(2)
(3)
MIN (1)
1.193
apply over full operating temperature
range
TYP (2)
1.23
1.18
MAX (1)
UNIT
1.267
1.28
10
apply over full operating temperature
range
V
50
300
nA
76%
All limits at room temperature (TJ = 25°C) unless otherwise specified. All room temperature limits are 100% production tested. All limits
at temperature extremes are via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate
Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
External components such as the catch diode, inductor, input and output capacitors can affect switching regulator system performance.
When the LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 is used as shown in the Figure 25 test circuit, system performance will be as shown in system parameters
section of Electrical Characteristics.
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6.8 All Output Voltage Versions Electrical Characteristics
Specifications are for TJ = 25°C, VIN = 12V for the 3.3-V, 5-V, and adjustable version, and ILOAD = 500 mA, unless otherwise
specified. Unless otherwise specified,
PARAMETER
MIN (1)
TEST CONDITIONS
TYP (2)
MAX (1)
UNIT
DEVICE PARAMETERS
127
150
fO
Oscillator
frequency
See
VSAT
Saturation voltage
IOUT = 1 A
DC
Max duty cycle
(ON)
See
(5)
100%
Min duty cycle
(OFF)
See
(6)
0%
(3)
apply over full operating temperature
range
110
173
0.95
(4) (5)
apply over full operating temperature
range
1.9
kHz
1.2
1.3
1.3
(5)
173
V
2.8
ICLIM
Switch current limit Peak current (4)
IL
Output leakage
current
Output = 0 V (4)
50
μA
Output = −1 V (4) (6) (7)
5
30
mA
IQ
Operating
quiescent current
SD /SS pin open (6)
5
10
Standby quiescent
current
90
200
ISTBY
SD /SS pin = 0 V (7)
apply over full operating temperature
range
1.2
3.0
(6) (7)
apply over full operating temperature
range
A
mA
250
μA
2.0
V
SHUTDOWN/SOFT-START CONTROL – See Figure 25
1.3
Shutdown
threshold voltage
VSD
Shutdown mode, ISTBY < 250 μA
apply over full operating temperature
range
0.6
VOUT = 1% of Normal Output Voltage
1.8
V
VOUT = 20% of Nominal Output Voltage
2
V
VOUT = 100% of Nominal Output Voltage
3
5
10
μA
1.5
5
μA
96%
98%
0.3
0.7
VSS
Soft-start voltage
ISD
Shutdown current
VSHUTDOWN = 0.5 V
ISS
Soft-start current
VSoft-start = 2.5 V
V
FLAG/DELAY CONTROL – See Figure 25
Regulator dropout
detector threshold
voltage
Low (Flag ON)
VFSAT
Flag output
saturation voltage
ISINK = 3 mA
VDELAY = 0.5 V
IFL
Flag output
leakage current
VFLAG = 60 V
VDTH
Delay pin
threshold voltage
VOUT Regulated
IDELAY
Delay pin source
current
VDELAY = 0.5 V
IDSAT
Delay pin
saturation
Low (flag ON)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
6
92%
apply over full operating temperature
range
1
0.3
1.21
apply over full operating temperature
range
V
μA
1.25
1.29
3
6
70
350
400
V
μA
mV
All limits at room temperature (TJ = 25°C) unless otherwise specified. All room temperature limits are 100% production tested. All limits
at temperature extremes are via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate
Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Typical numbers are at 25°C and represent the most likely norm.
The switching frequency is reduced when the second stage current limit is activated. The amount of reduction is determined by the
severity of current overload.
No diode, inductor or capacitor connected to output pin.
Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 0 V to force the output transistor switch ON.
Feedback pin removed from output and connected to 12 V for the 3.3-V, 5-V, and the ADJ. version to force the output transistor switch
OFF.
VIN = 60 V.
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Figure 1. Timing Diagram for 5-V Output
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6.9 Typical Characteristics
(Circuit of Figure 24)
8
Figure 2. Normalized Output Voltage
Figure 3. Line Regulation
Figure 4. Efficiency
Figure 5. Switch Saturation Voltage
Figure 6. Switch Current Limit
Figure 7. Dropout Voltage
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 24)
Figure 8. Operating Quiescent Current
Figure 9. Shutdown Quiescent Current
Figure 10. Minimum Operating Supply Voltage
Figure 11. Feedback Pin Bias Current
Figure 12. Flag Saturation Voltage
Figure 13. Switching Frequency
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 24)
Figure 15. SHUTDOWN and Soft-Start Current
Figure 14. Soft Start
Figure 17. Soft-Start Response
Figure 16. Delay Pin Current
Figure 18. SHUTDOWN and Soft-Start Threshold Voltage
10
Figure 19. Internal Gain-Phase Characteristics
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
(Circuit of Figure 24)
Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20 V, VOUT = 5 V,
ILOAD = 1 A, L = 52 μH, COUT = 100 μF, COUT ESR = 100 mΩ
Output Pin Voltage, 10 V/div.
Inductor Current 0.5 A/div.
Output Ripple Voltage, 50 mV/div.
Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20 V, VOUT = 5
V, ILOAD = 250 mA, L = 15 μH, COUT = 150 μF, COUT ESR = 90
mΩ
Output Pin Voltage, 10 V/div.
Inductor Current 0.25 A/div.
Output Ripple Voltage, 100 mV/div.
Figure 20. Horizontal Time Base: 2 μs/div
Figure 21. Horizontal Time Base: 2 μs/div
Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode VIN = 20 V, VOUT
= 5 V, ILOAD = 250 mA to 1 A, L = 52 μH, COUT = 100 μF, COUT
ESR = 100 mΩ
Output Voltage, 100 mV/div. (AC)
250-mA to 1-A Load Pulse
Figure 22. Horizontal Time Base: 50 μs/div
Load Transient Response for Discontinuous Mode VIN = 20 V,
VOUT = 5 V, ILOAD = 250 mA to 1 A, L = 15 μH, COUT = 150 μF,
COUT ESR = 90 mΩ
Output Voltage, 100 mV/div. (AC)
250-mA to 1-A Load Pulse
Figure 23. Horizontal Time Base: 200 μs/div
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7 Parameter Measurement Information
7.1 Test Circuits
Component Values shown are for VIN = 15 V,
VOUT = 5 V, ILOAD = 1 A.
CIN — 470-μF,- 50-V, Aluminum Electrolytic Nichicon PM Series
COUT — 220-μF, 25-V Aluminum Electrolytic, Nichicon PM Series
D1 — 2-A, 60-V Schottky Rectifier, 21DQ06 (International Rectifier)
L1 — 68 μH, See Inductor Selection Procedure
Figure 24. Fixed Output Voltage Versions
Select R1 to be approximately 1 kΩ, use a 1% resistor for best stability.
Component Values shown are for VIN = 20 V,
VOUT = 10 V, ILOAD = 1 A.
CIN: — 470-μF, 35-V, Aluminum Electrolytic Nichicon PM Series
COUT: — 220-μF, 35-V Aluminum Electrolytic, Nichicon PM Series
D1 — 2-A, 60-V Schottky Rectifier, 21DQ06 (International Rectifier)
L1 — 100 μH, See Inductor Selection Procedure
R1 — 1 kΩ, 1%
R2 — 7.15k, 1%
CFF — 3.3 nF
Typical Values
CSS—0.1 μF
CDELAY—0.1 μF
RPULL UP — 4.7k (use 22k if VOUT is ≥ 45 V)
† Resistive divider is required to avoid exceeding maximum rating of 45 V or 3 mA on or into flag pin.
†† Small signal Schottky diode to prevent damage to feedback pin by negative spike when output is shorted (CFF not
being able to discharge immediately will drag feedback pin below ground). Required if VIN > 40 V
Figure 25. Adjustable Output Voltage Versions
12
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The LM2590 SIMPLE SWITCHER® regulator is an easy-to-use non-synchronous step-down DC-DC converter
with a wide input voltage range up to 60 V. It is capable of delivering up to 1-A DC load current with excellent line
and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3-V, 5-V, 12-V, and an adjustable
output version. The family requires few external components and the pin arrangement was designed for simple,
optimum PCB layout.
8.2 Functional Block Diagram
8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 Undervoltage Lockout
Some applications require the regulator to remain off until the input voltage reaches a predetermined voltage.
Figure 26 contains a undervoltage lockout circuit for a buck configuration, while Figure 27 and Figure 28 are for
the inverting types (only the circuitry pertaining to the undervoltage lockout is shown). Figure 26 uses a Zener
diode to establish the threshold voltage when the switcher begins operating. When the input voltage is less than
the Zener voltage, resistors R1 and R2 hold the SHUTDOWN /Soft-start pin low, keeping the regulator in the
shutdown mode. As the input voltage exceeds the Zener voltage, the Zener conducts, pulling the SHUTDOWN
/Soft-start pin high, allowing the regulator to begin switching. The threshold voltage for the undervoltage lockout
feature is approximately 1.5 V greater than the Zener voltage.
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 26. Undervoltage Lockout for a Buck Regulator
Figure 27 and Figure 28 apply the same feature to an inverting circuit. Figure 27 features a constant threshold
voltage for turnon and turnoff (Zener voltage plus approximately one volt). If hysteresis is needed, the circuit in
Figure 28 has a turn ON voltage which is different than the turn OFF voltage. The amount of hysteresis is
approximately equal to the value of the output voltage. Becuase the SD/SS pin has an internal 7-V Zener clamp,
R2 is needed to limit the current into this pin to approximately 1 mA when Q1 is on.
Figure 27. Undervoltage Lockout Without
Hysteresis for an Inverting Regulator
Figure 28. Undervoltage Lockout With
Hysteresis for an Inverting Regulator
8.3.2 SHUTDOWN / Soft-Start
This reduction in start-up current is useful in situations where the input power source is limited in the amount of
current it can deliver. In some applications, soft start can be used to replace undervoltage lockout or delayed
start-up functions.
If a very slow output voltage ramp is desired, the soft-start capacitor can be made much larger. Many seconds or
even minutes are possible.
If only the shutdown feature is needed, the soft-start capacitor can be eliminated.
14
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 29. Typical Circuit Using SHUTDOWN /Soft Start and Error Flag Features
Figure 30. Inverting –5-V Regulator With SHUTDOWN and Soft Start
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 31. Soft Start, Delay, Error Output
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Shutdown Mode
The SHUTDOWN / Soft-start pin provides electrical ON and OFF control for the LM2590. When the voltage of
this pin is less than 0.6 V, the device is shutdown mode. The typical standby current in this mode is 90 μA.
8.4.2 Active Mode
When the SHUTDOWN / Soft-start pin is left floating or pull above 2 V, the device starts switching and the output
voltage rises until it reaches a normal regulation voltage.
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9 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application Information
9.1.1 Feedforward Capacitor
(Adjustable Output Voltage Version)
CFF - A Feedforward Capacitor CFF, shown across R2 in Figure 25 is used when the output voltage is greater
than 10 V or when COUT has a very low ESR. This capacitor adds lead compensation to the feedback loop and
increases the phase margin for better loop stability.
If the output voltage ripple is large (> 5% of the nominal output voltage), this ripple can be coupled to the
feedback pin through the feedforward capacitor and cause the error comparator to trigger the error flag. In this
situation, adding a resistor, RFF, in series with the feedforward capacitor, approximately 3 times R1, will attenuate
the ripple voltage at the feedback pin.
9.1.2 Input Capacitor
CIN —A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin and ground pin. It
must be placed near the regulator using short leads. This capacitor prevents large voltage transients from
appearing at the input, and provides the instantaneous current needed each time the switch turns on.
The important parameters for the Input capacitor are the voltage rating and the RMS current rating. Because of
the relatively high RMS currents flowing in a buck regulator's input capacitor, this capacitor must be chosen for
its RMS current rating rather than its capacitance or voltage ratings, although the capacitance value and voltage
rating are directly related to the RMS current rating. The voltage rating of the capacitor and its RMS ripple current
capability must never be exceeded.
9.1.3 Output Capacitor
COUT —An output capacitor is required to filter the output and provide regulator loop stability. Low impedance or
low ESR Electrolytic or solid tantalum capacitors designed for switching regulator applications must be used.
When selecting an output capacitor, the important capacitor parameters are; the 100-kHz Equivalent Series
Resistance (ESR), the RMS ripple current rating, voltage rating, and capacitance value. For the output capacitor,
the ESR value is the most important parameter. The ESR must generally not be less than 100 mΩ or there will
be loop instability. If the ESR is too large, efficiency and output voltage ripple are effected. So ESR must be
chosen carefully.
9.1.4 Catch Diode
Buck regulators require a diode to provide a return path for the inductor current when the switch turns off. This
must be a fast diode and must be located close to the LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 using short leads and short printedcircuit traces.
Because of their very fast switching speed and low forward voltage drop, Schottky diodes provide the best
performance, especially in low output voltage applications (5 V and lower). Ultra-fast recovery, or high-efficiency
rectifiers are also a good choice, but some types with an abrupt turnoff characteristic may cause instability or
EMI problems. Ultra-fast recovery diodes typically have reverse recovery times of 50 ns or less. The diode must
be chosen for its average/RMS current rating and maximum voltage rating. The voltage rating of the diode must
be greater than the DC input voltage (not the output voltage).
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Application Information (continued)
9.1.5 Inverting Regulator
The circuit in Figure 30 converts a positive input voltage to a negative output voltage with a common ground. The
circuit operates by bootstrapping the regulator's ground pin to the negative output voltage, then grounding the
feedback pin, the regulator senses the inverted output voltage and regulates it.
This example uses the LM2590HV-5.0-AQ to generate a −5-V output, but other output voltages are possible by
selecting other output voltage versions, including the adjustable version. Because this regulator topology can
produce an output voltage that is either greater than or less than the input voltage, the maximum output current
greatly depends on both the input and output voltage.
To determine how much load current is possible before the internal device current limit is reached (and power
limiting occurs), the system must be evaluated as a buck-boost configuration rather than as a buck. The peak
switch current in Amperes, for such a configuration is given as:
VIN x VOUT x 106
VIN + VOUT
IPEAK = ILOAD x
+
VIN
2 x L x f x (VIN+VOUT)
where
•
L is in μH and f is in Hz.
(1)
The maximum possible load current ILOAD is limited by the requirement that IPEAK ≤ ICLIM. While checking for this,
take ICLIM to be the lowest possible current limit value (minimum across tolerance and temperature is 1.2 A for
the LM2590HV-AQ-Q1). Also to account for inductor tolerances, the user must take the minimum value of
Inductance for L in Equation 1 (typically 20% less than the nominal value). Further, Equation 1 disregards the
drop across the Switch and the diode. This is equivalent to assuming 100% efficiency, which is never so.
Therefore expect IPEAK to be an additional 10-20% higher than calculated from Equation 1.
See application note AN-1157 Positive-to-Negative Buck-Boost Converter Using LM267x SIMPLE SWITCHER
for examples based on positive to negative configuration.
The maximum voltage appearing across the regulator is the absolute sum of the input and output voltage, and
this must be limited to a maximum of 60 V. In this example, when converting +20 V to −5 V, the regulator would
see 25 V between the input pin and ground pin. The LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 has a maximum input voltage rating of
60 V.
An additional diode is required in this regulator configuration. Diode D1 is used to isolate input voltage ripple or
noise from coupling through the CIN capacitor to the output, under light or no load conditions. Also, this diode
isolation changes the topology to closely resemble a buck configuration thus providing good closed-loop stability.
A Schottky diode is recommended for low input voltages, (because of its lower voltage drop) but for higher input
voltages, a IN5400 diode could be used.
Because of differences in the operation of the inverting regulator, the standard design procedure is not used to
select the inductor value. In the majority of designs, a 33-μH, 3-A inductor is the best choice. Capacitor selection
can also be narrowed down to just a few values.
This type of inverting regulator can require relatively large amounts of input current when starting up, even with
light loads. Input currents as high as the LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 current limit (approximately 3 A) are needed for 2
ms or more, until the output reaches its nominal output voltage. The actual time depends on the output voltage
and the size of the output capacitor. Input power sources that are current limited or sources that can not deliver
these currents without getting loaded down, may not work correctly. Because of the relatively high start-up
currents required by the inverting topology, the soft-start feature shown in Figure 30 is recommended.
Also shown in Figure 30 are several shutdown methods for the inverting configuration. With the inverting
configuration, some level shifting is required, because the ground pin of the regulator is no longer at ground, but
is now at the negative output voltage. The shutdown methods shown accept ground-referenced shutdown
signals.
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9.2 Typical Application
Figure 32. Typical Application
9.2.1 Design Requirements
Table 1 lists the parameters for this design example.
Table 1. Example Parameters
DESIGN PARAMETER
EXAMPLE VALUE
Regulated output voltage, VOUT
5V
Maximum input voltage, VIN(max)
24 V
Maximum load current, ILOAD(max)
0.8 A
Switching frequency, F
Fixed at a nominal 150 kHz
9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
9.2.2.1 Inductor Selection Procedure
For a quick-start the designer may refer to the nomographs provided in Figure 33 to Figure 35. To widen the
choice of the Designer to a more general selection of available inductors, the nomographs provide the required
inductance and also the energy in the core expressed in microjoules (µJ), as an alternative to just prescribing
custom parts. The following points need to be highlighted:
1. The Energy values shown on the nomographs apply to steady operation at the corresponding x-coordinate
(rated maximum load current). However under start-up, without soft start, or a short-circuit on the output, the
current in the inductor momentarily or repetitively hits the current limit ICLIM of the device, and this current
could be much higher than the rated load, ILOAD. This represents an overload situation, and can cause the
Inductor to saturate (if it has been designed only to handle the energy of steady operation). However most
types of core structures used for such applications have a large inherent air gap (for example powdered iron
types or ferrite rod inductors), and so the inductance does not fall off too sharply under an overload. The
device is usually able to protect itself by not allowing the current to ever exceed ICLIM. But if the DC input
voltage to the regulator is over 40 V, the current can slew up so fast under core saturation, that the device
may not be able to act fast enough to restrict the current. The current can then rise without limit till
destruction of the device takes place. Therefore to ensure reliability, TI recommends that, if the DC Input
Voltage exceeds 40 V, the inductor must ALWAYS be sized to handle an instantaneous current equal to ICLIM
without saturating, irrespective of the type of core structure/material.
2. The Energy under steady operation is:
2
e = 12 x L x IPEAK PJ
where
•
•
L is in µH
and IPEAK is the peak of the inductor current waveform with the regulator delivering ILOAD.
(2)
These are the energy values shown in the nomographs. See Example 1.
3. The Energy under overload is If VIN > 40 V, the inductor should be sized to handle eCLIM instead of the
steady energy values. The worst case ICLIM for the LM2590HV-AQ-Q1 is 3 A. The Energy rating depends on
the Inductance. See Example 2.
4. The nomographs were generated by allowing a greater amount of percentage current ripple in the Inductor
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as the maximum rated load decreases (see Figure 36). This was done to permit the use of smaller inductors
at light loads. Figure 36 however shows only the median value of the current ripple. In reality there may be a
great spread around this because the nomographs approximate the exact calculated inductance to standard
available values. It is a good idea to refer to AN-1197 for detailed calculations if a certain maximum inductor
current ripple is required for various possible reasons. Also consider the rather wide tolerance on the nominal
inductance of commercial inductors.
5. Figure 35 shows the inductor selection curves for the adjustable version. The y-axis is Et, in Vμs. It is the
applied volts across the inductor during the ON time of the switch (VIN – VSAT – VOUT) multiplied by the time
for which the switch is on in μs. See Example 3.
Example 1: (VIN ≤ 40 V) LM2590HV-5.0-AQ, VIN = 24 V, Output 5 V at 0.8 A
1. A first pass inductor selection is based upon Inductance and rated max load current. Choose an inductor with
the Inductance value indicated by the nomograph (Figure 34) and a current rating equal to the maximum
load current. We therefore quick-select a 100-μH, 0.8-A inductor (designed for 150-kHz operation) for this
application.
2. Confirm that it is rated to handle 50 μJ (see Figure 34) by either estimating the peak current or by a detailed
calculation as shown in AN-1197 Selecting Inductors for Buck Converters, and also that the losses are
acceptable.
Example 2: (VIN > 40 V) LM2590HV-5.0-AQ, VIN = 48 V, Output 5 V at 1 A
1. A first pass inductor selection is based upon Inductance and the switch currrent limit. Choose an inductor
with the Inductance value indicated by the nomograph (Figure 34) and a current rating equal to ICLIM.
Therefore quick-select a 10-μH, 3-A inductor (designed for 150-kHz operation) for this application.
2. Confirm that it is rated to handle eCLIM by the procedure shown in AN-1197 Selecting Inductors for Buck
Converters and that the losses are acceptable. Here eCLIM is:
2
1
eCLIM = 2 x 100 x 3 = 450 PJ
(3)
Example 3: (VIN ≤ 40 V) LM2590HV-ADJ-AQ, VIN = 20 V, Output 10 V at 1 A
1. Because input voltage is less than 40 V, a first pass inductor selection is based upon Inductance and rated
maximum load current. Choose an inductor with the Inductance value indicated by the nomograph Figure 35
and a current rating equal to the maximum load. But first calculate Et for the given application. The Duty
cycle is
VOUT + VD
D=
VIN - VSAT + VD
where
•
•
VD is the drop across the Catch Diode (≊ 0.5 V for a Schottky)
and VSAT the drop across the switch (≊ 1.5 V).
(4)
So
D=
10 + 0.5
= 0.55
20 - 1.5 + 0.5
(5)
And the switch ON time is
6
tON = D x 10 Ps
f
where
•
f is the switching frequency in Hz
So
Et = (VIN - VSAT - VOUT) x tON
6
= (20 - 1.5 - 10) x 0.55 x 10 VPsecs
150000
= 31.3 VPsecs
20
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Therefore, looking at Figure 33 we quick-select a 100-μH, 1-A inductor (designed for 150-kHz operation) for
this application.
2. Confirm that it is rated to handle 100 μJ (see Figure 35) by the procedure shown in AN-1197 Selecting
Inductors for Buck Converters and that the losses are acceptable. (If the DC Input voltage had been greater
than 40 V, consider eCLIM as in Example 2).
NOTE
Take VSAT as 1.5 V which includes an estimated resistive drop across the inductor.
This completes the simplified inductor selection procedure. For more general applications and better
optimization, the designer should refer to AN-1197 Selecting Inductors for Buck Converters. provides helpful
contact information on suggested Inductor manufacturers who may be able to recommend suitable parts, if
the requirements are known.
9.2.3 Application Curves
(For Continuous Mode Operation)
Figure 33. LM2590HV-3.3-AQ
Figure 34. LM2590HV-5.0-AQ
Figure 35. LM2590HV-ADJ-AQ
Figure 36. Current Ripple Ratio
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10 Power Supply Recommendations
The LM2590HV is designed to operate from an input voltage supply up to 60 V. This input supply must be well
regulated and able to withstand maximum input current and maintain a stable voltage.
11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
As in any switching regulator, layout is very important. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring
inductance can generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For minimal inductance and ground
loops, with reference to Figure 24 and Figure 25, the wires indicated by heavy lines must be wide printed-circuit
traces and must be kept as short as possible. For best results, external components must be placed as close to
the switcher lC as possible using ground plane construction or single point grounding.
If open-core inductors are used, take special care as to the location and positioning of this type of inductor.
Allowing the inductor flux to intersect sensitive feedback, lC groundpath and COUT wiring can cause problems.
When using the adjustable version, take special care as to the location of the feedback resistors and the
associated wiring. Physically locate both resistors near the IC, and route the wiring away from the inductor,
especially an open-core type of inductor.
11.2 Layout Examples
CIN = 470-μF, 50-V, aluminum electrolytic Panasonic HFQ Series
COUT = 330-μF, 35-V, aluminum electrolytic Panasonic HFQ Series
D1 = 5-A, 40-V Schottky rectifier, 1N5825
L1 = 47-μH, L39, Renco through hole
RPULL UP = 10k
CDELAY = 0.1 μF
CSD/SS = 0.1 μF
Thermalloy heat sink #7020
Figure 37. Typical Through-Hole PCB Layout, Fixed Output (1x Size), Double-Sided
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Layout Examples (continued)
CIN = 470-μF, 50-V, aluminum electrolytic Panasonic, HFQ Series
COUT = 220-μF, 35-V, aluminum electrolytic Panasonic, HFQ Series
D1 = 5-A, 40-V Schottky Rectifier, 1N5825
L1 = 47-μH, L39, Renco, through-hole
R1 = 1 kΩ, 1%
R2 = Use formula in Detailed Design Procedure
RFF = See Feedforward Capacitor
RPULL UP = 10k
CDELAY = 0.1 μF
CSD/SS= 0.1 μF
Thermalloy heat sink #7020
Figure 38. Typical Through-Hole PCB Layout, Adjustable Output (1x Size), Double-Sided
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12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Documentation Support
12.1.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation, see the following:
• AN-1157 Positive-to-Negative Buck-Boost Converter Using LM267x SIMPLE SWITCHER (SNVA022)
• AN-1197 Selecting Inductors for Buck Converters (SNVA038)
12.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
12.3 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
12.4 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
SIMPLE SWITCHER is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
12.6 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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27-Jan-2016
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
(2)
(6)
(3)
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(4/5)
LM2590HVSX5.0AQ
LIFEBUY
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
TBD
Call TI
Call TI
-40 to 125
LM2590HVS
5.0AQ P+
LM2590HVSX5.0AQ/NOPB
LIFEBUY
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
Pb-Free (RoHS
Exempt)
CU SN
Level-3-245C-168 HR
-40 to 125
LM2590HVS
5.0AQ P+
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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27-Jan-2016
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
27-Jan-2016
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTW
7
500
330.0
24.4
LM2590HVSX5.0AQ/NOP DDPAK/
B
TO-263
KTW
7
500
330.0
24.4
LM2590HVSX5.0AQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
Pack Materials-Page 1
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
10.75
14.85
5.0
16.0
24.0
Q2
10.75
14.85
5.0
16.0
24.0
Q2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
27-Jan-2016
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
LM2590HVSX5.0AQ
DDPAK/TO-263
KTW
7
500
367.0
367.0
45.0
DDPAK/TO-263
KTW
7
500
367.0
367.0
45.0
LM2590HVSX5.0AQ/NOP
B
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
KTW0007B
TS7B (Rev E)
BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE
www.ti.com
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