Application Report
SNVA317A – April 2008 – Revised April 2013
AN-1778 LM2755 Charge Pump LED Controller with I2C
Compatible Interface in µSMD
.....................................................................................................................................................
ABSTRACT
This application note discusses the LM2755 pump LED controller programmed via an I2C compatible
interface.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Contents
Typical Application .......................................................................................................... 3
Basic Description ............................................................................................................ 3
Bill of Materials .............................................................................................................. 3
LM2755 Evaluation Board Schematic .................................................................................... 4
LM2755 Evaluation Board Layout ........................................................................................ 4
Board Operation ............................................................................................................. 6
6.1
Basic Connections ................................................................................................. 6
6.2
HWEN Pin .......................................................................................................... 6
6.3
SYNC Pin ........................................................................................................... 7
6.4
ADDR Pin ........................................................................................................... 7
6.5
External Control Interface Connection .......................................................................... 7
6.6
Operation Description ............................................................................................. 7
I2C Compatible Interface ................................................................................................. 8
7.1
Data Validity ........................................................................................................ 8
7.2
Start and Stop Conditions ......................................................................................... 9
7.3
Transferring Data .................................................................................................. 9
7.4
I2C Compatible Chip Address ................................................................................... 10
7.5
Internal Registers of LM2755 ................................................................................... 10
Software Interface Information ........................................................................................... 11
8.1
Example Diode Current Waveforms ........................................................................... 13
List of Figures
1
Top Layer .................................................................................................................... 4
2
Middle Layer 1 ............................................................................................................... 5
3
Middle Layer 2 ............................................................................................................... 5
4
Bottom Layer (mirrored)
5
6
...............................................................................................
Data Validity Diagram ......................................................................................................
Start and Stop Conditions..................................................................................................
6
8
9
7
Write Cycle w = write (SDIO = "0") r = read (SDIO = "1") ack = acknowledge (SDIO pulled down by
either master or slave) rs = repeated start id = chip address, 18h if ADR = '0' or 67h if ADR = '1' for
LM2755 ....................................................................................................................... 9
8
Dimming Waveform ....................................................................................................... 10
9
GUI Start-Up ............................................................................................................... 11
10
Generic Read/Write Field................................................................................................. 11
11
Drop Down Menu .......................................................................................................... 11
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2
12
Control and Configuration Buttons ...................................................................................... 12
13
Results of Pressing the Set Button...................................................................................... 12
14
Enable ALL ................................................................................................................. 12
15
Control Sliders ............................................................................................................. 13
AN-1778 LM2755 Charge Pump LED Controller with I2C Compatible
Interface in µSMD
Copyright © 2008–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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Typical Application
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1
Typical Application
2
Basic Description
The LM2755 is a charge-pump-based, constant current LED driver capable of driving three LEDs with a
total output current up to 90mA. The diode current waveforms of each LED can be trapezoidal with timing
and level parameters (rise time, fall time, high level, low level, delay, high time, low time) programmed via
an I2C compatible interface. The 32 brightness levels found on the LM2755 are exponentially spaced (as
opposed to linearly spaced) to better match the response of the human eye to changing brightness levels.
3
Bill of Materials
Component
Symbol
Value
Package
Manufacturer
Part #
LM2755
--
TMD18AAA
µSMD18
Texas Instruments
LM2755TMX
LM2755 Evaluation
Board
--
--
Texas Instruments
551012853-001 RevA
DA
Blue LED
--
OSRAM
LB M673-L1M2-35-Z
DB
Green LED
--
OSRAM
LG M676-N2Q1-24-Z
DC
Amber LED
--
OSRAM
LA M676-Q2S1-1-Z
DRGB
RGB LED
--
TT Electronics /
OptekTech
OVSTRGBAC6
CIN
1.0uF 10V X5R
0603
TDK
C1005X5R1A105M
C1005X5R1A105M
COUT
1.0uF 10V X5R
0603
TDK
C1,C2
0.47uF 10V X5R
0603
TDK
C1005X5R1A474M
RSET
12.4K OHM 1/10W
1%
0603
Vishay Dale
CRCW060312K4FKEA
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LM2755 Evaluation Board Schematic
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4
LM2755 Evaluation Board Schematic
5
LM2755 Evaluation Board Layout
Figure 1. Top Layer
4
AN-1778 LM2755 Charge Pump LED Controller with I2C Compatible
Interface in µSMD
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LM2755 Evaluation Board Layout
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Figure 2. Middle Layer 1
Figure 3. Middle Layer 2
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Board Operation
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Figure 4. Bottom Layer (mirrored)
6
Board Operation
6.1
Basic Connections
To operate the LM2755 Charge Pump LED Controller with I2C Compatible Interface in µSMD, connect a
supply voltage (2.7V-5.5V) between board connectors VIN and GND and attach an I2C interface using one
of the methods described in the EXTERNAL CONTROL INTERFACE SECTION of this document.
Default Jumper Connections:
• EN: Connects the “+” post to the middle post of the header strip. This connects VIN to the EN pin of
the LM2755, enabling the part.
• ADDR: Connects the "-" post to the middle post of the header strip. This selects the I2C chip id to a
0x18 while the "+" sets the I2C chip ID to a 0x67.
• SELECT: This connects POUT to the anodes of the LEDs. Connecting the center post to the LEFT pin
connects the individual Red, Green, and Blue LEDs while the RIGHT pin connects the combination
RGB LED
• Vin_USB: Connects the adjustable voltage supply of the USB Docking board to the VIN of the LM2755.
If the USB board is not used, this jumper does not need to be placed. If the USB Docking board is
going to be used for the I2C interface, but not for VIN, make sure the Vin_EXT jumper is removed.
With the default jumper connections made, the board will be ready to operate once an input voltage and
an I2C interface generator (external or USB docking board) are connected.
6.2
HWEN Pin
The LM2755 has a hardware enable/reset pin (HWEN) that allows the device to be disabled by an
external controller without requiring an I2C write command. Under normal operation, the HWEN pin should
be held high (logic '1') to prevent an unwanted reset. When the HWEN is driven low (logic '0'), all internal
control registers reset to the default states and the part becomes disabled. Please see the Electrical
Characteristics section of the datasheet for required voltage thresholds.
6
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Board Operation
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6.3
SYNC Pin
The SYNC pin allows the LM2755 to use an external clock to generate the timing within. This allows the
LM2755's current-sinks to pulse-width modulate (PWM) and transition at a user controlled frequency. The
PWM frequency and the step-time increment can be set by feeding a clock signal into the sync pin and
enabling bit '6' in the general purpose register (See the I2C Compatible Interface section for more
details.). The maximum frequency allowed to ensure current level accuracy is 1MHz. This external clock is
divided down by 32x to create the minimum time-step and PWM frequency. For a 1MHz external clock,
the PWM frequency becomes 31.25KHz and the minimum step time becomes 32 µseconds. If not used, it
is recommended that the SYNC pin be tied to ground.
6.4
ADDR Pin
The ADDR pin allows the user to chose between two different I2C chip addresses for the LM2755. Tying
the ADDR pin high sets the chip address to hex 67 (0x67 or 67h), while tying the ADDR pin low sets the
chip address to hex 18(0x18 or 18h). This feature allows multiple LM2755's to be used within a system in
addition to providing flexibility in the event another chip in the system has a chip address similar to the
default LM2755 address (0x18).
6.5
External Control Interface Connection
The LM2755 Evaluation Board provides two ways to connect an I2C compatible interface to the LM2755
IC. The first method to connect the interface is through a set of connectors on the bottom of the evaluation
board that allow the board to plug into TI's USB interface board directly. The second method of interface
connection is through a header strip located on the left hand side of the evaluation board. There are pins
available to connect VIO (contoller reference voltage), SCL (Interface Clock Line), and SDIO (Interface
Data Line) each separated by a ground pin. The evaluation board has two external pull-ups that connect
both SCL and SDIO to VIO to compliment the open drain inputs found on the LM2755. The OPERATION
DESCRIPTION section of this application note describes the internal registers and I2C compatible
interface in greater detail.
6.6
Operation Description
6.6.1
Application Information
6.6.1.1
Setting Full-scale Led Current
The current through the LEDs connected to D1, D2 and D3 can be set to a desired level simply by
connecting an appropriately sized resistor (RSET) between the ISET pin of the LM2755 and GND. The LED
currents are proportional to the current that flows through the ISET pin and are a factor of 200 times greater
than the ISET currents. The feedback loop of the internal amplifier sets the voltage of the ISET pin to 1.25V
(typ.). The statement above is simplified in the equation below:
IDx (Full-Scale) = 200 × (VISET / RSET)
(1)
2
Please refer to the I C Compatible Interface section of this datasheet for detailed instructions on how to
adjust the brightness control registers.
6.6.1.2
Brightness Level Control
Once the desired RSET value has been chosen, the LM2755 has the ability to internally dim the LEDs by
modulating the currents with an internally set 20kHz PWM signal. The PWM duty cycle percentage is
independently set for each LED through the I2C compatible interface. The 32 brightness levels follow a
exponentially increasing pattern rather than a linearly increasing one in order to better match the human
eyes response to changing brightness. The brightness level response is modeled in the following
equations.:
IDx LOW = (0.9)(31-n LOW ) × IDx Fullscale
IDx HIGH = (0.9)(31-n HIGH ) × IDx Fullscale
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(2)
(3)
AN-1778 LM2755 Charge Pump LED Controller with I2C Compatible
Interface in µSMD
Copyright © 2008–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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I2C Compatible Interface
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nHIGH and nLOW are numbers between 0 and 31 stored in the brightness level registers. When the waveform
enable bits are set to '1', nHIGH and nLOW are the brightness level boundries. These equations apply to all
Dx outputs and their corresponding registers. A '0' code in the brightness control register sets the current
to an "off-state" (0mA).
6.6.1.3
TIme Step Control
Bit 0-Bit 2: The value of the 3 bits is equal to N, which is used in the timing control equations. 0 ≤ N ≤ 7.
The minimum internal time step (N=0) is 50µs. Setting the time-step to N=7 results in a minimum time step
of 400µsec. Time step = 50µsec × (N+1)
Bit 3-Bit 7: Not used
6.6.1.4
Delay Control
The LM2755 allows the programmed current waveform on each diode pin to independantly start with a
delay upon enabling the waveform dimming bits in the general purpose register. There are 256 delay
levels available. The delay time is set by the following equation:
tdelay = N × ndelay ndelay is stored in the Dx delay registers and N is stored in the Time Step Control register. By
default, ndelay =0 with a range of 0 ≤ ndelay ≤255.
6.6.1.5
(4)
Timing Control
TPWM INTERNAL =50µs, N is a value stored in the Time Step register, and nTrise nTfall, nThigh, nTlow are numbers
between 0 and 255, stored in the timing control registers. The durations of the rise, high, fall and low times
are given by:
trise/fall Total = tPWM INTERNAL × 2N x (nhigh-nlow) x nTrise/fall where 0 ≤ nTrise/fall ≤ 255
trise or fall Total = 50µs x (nhigh-nlow) when nTrise/fall = 0
thigh or low = tPWM INTERNAL × 2N × (nhigh/low + 1) where 0 ≤ nThigh/low ≤ 255
6.6.1.6
(5)
(6)
(7)
Sync Pin Timing Control
It is possible to replace the internal clock with an external one placed on the external SYNC pin. Writing a
'1' to bit6 in the general purpose register switches the system clock from being internally generated to
externally generated. The period of the PWM modulating signal becomes:
tPWM = tSYNC / 32
(8)
The maximum recommended SYNC frequency is 1MHz. This frequency yields a PWM frequency of
31.25KHz and the minimum step time of 32 µsec.
7
I2C Compatible Interface
7.1
Data Validity
The data on SDIO line must be stable during the HIGH period of the clock signal (SCL). In other words,
state of the data line can only be changed when CLK is LOW.
SCL
SDIO
data
change
allowed
data
valid
data
change
allowed
data
valid
data
change
allowed
Figure 5. Data Validity Diagram
8
AN-1778 LM2755 Charge Pump LED Controller with I2C Compatible
Interface in µSMD
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I2C Compatible Interface
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A pull-up resistor between VIO and SDIO must be greater than [ (VIO-VOL) / 3mA ] to meet the VOL
requirement on SDIO. Using a larger pull-up resistor results in lower switching current with slower edges,
while using a smaller pull-up results in higher switching currents with faster edges.
7.2
Start and Stop Conditions
START and STOP conditions classify the beginning and the end of the I2C session. A START condition is
defined as SDIO signal transitioning from HIGH to LOW while SCL line is HIGH. A STOP condition is
defined as the SDIO transitioning from LOW to HIGH while SCL is HIGH. The I2C master always
generates START and STOP conditions. The I2C bus is considered to be busy after a START condition
and free after a STOP condition. During data transmission, the I2C master can generate repeated START
conditions. First START and repeated START conditions are equivalent, function-wise. The data on SDIO
line must be stable during the HIGH period of the clock signal (SCL). In other words, the state of the data
line can only be changed when CLK is LOW.
SDIO
SCL
S
P
START condition
STOP condition
Figure 6. Start and Stop Conditions
7.3
Transferring Data
Every byte put on the SDIO line must be eight bits long, with the most significant bit (MSB) being
transferred first. Each byte of data has to be followed by an acknowledge bit. The acknowledge related
clock pulse is generated by the master. The master releases the SDIO line (HIGH) during the
acknowledge clock pulse. The LM2755 pulls down the SDIO line during the 9th clock pulse, signifying an
acknowledge. The LM2755 generates an acknowledge after each byte has been received.
After the START condition, the I2C master sends a chip address. This address is seven bits long followed
by an eighth bit which is a data direction bit (R/W). The LM2755 address is 18h is ADR is tied low and 67h
if ADR is tied high . For the eighth bit, a “0” indicates a WRITE and a “1” indicates a READ. The second
byte selects the register to which the data will be written. The third byte contains data to write to the
selected register.
Figure 7. Write Cycle
w = write (SDIO = "0")
r = read (SDIO = "1")
ack = acknowledge (SDIO pulled down by either master or slave)
rs = repeated start
id = chip address, 18h if ADR = '0' or 67h if ADR = '1' for LM2755
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I2C Compatible Interface
7.4
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2
I C Compatible Chip Address
The chip address for LM2755 is 0011000 (0x18) when ADDR = '0' or 1100111(0x67) when ADR = '1'.
Figure 8. Dimming Waveform
7.5
Internal Registers of LM2755
Register Name
Internal Hex Address
Power On Value
General Purpose
x10
0000 0000
Time Step
x20
1000 1000
D1 High Level
xA9
1110 0000
D1 Low Level
xA8
1110 0000
D1 Delay: tdelay
xA1
0000 0000
D1 Ramp-Up Step Time: trise
xA5
0000 0000
D1 Time High: thigh
xA3
0000 0000
D1 Ramp-Down Step Time: tfall
xA4
0000 0000
D1 Timing: tlow
xA2
0000 0000
D2 High Level
xB9
1110 0000
D2 Low Level
xB8
1110 0000
D2 Delay: tdelay
xB1
0000 0000
D2 Ramp-Up Step Time: trise
xB5
0000 0000
D2 Time High: thigh
xB3
0000 0000
D2 Ramp-Down Step Time: tfall
xB4
0000 0000
D2 Timing: tlow
xB2
0000 0000
D3 High Level
xC9
1110 0000
D3 Low Level
xC8
1110 0000
D3 Delay: tdelay
xC1
0000 0000
D3 Ramp-Up Step Time: trise
xC5
0000 0000
D3 Time High: thigh
xC3
0000 0000
D3 Ramp-Down Step Time: tfall
xC4
0000 0000
D3 Timing: tlow
xC2
0000 0000
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
10
General Purpose Register Description
Bit 0: enable output D1 with high current level.
Bit 1: enable output D2 with high current level.
Bit 2: enable output D3 with high current level.
Bit 3: enable dimming waveform on output D1.
Bit 4: enable dimming waveform on output D2.
Bit 5: enable dimming waveform on output D3.
Bit 6: enable external clock. '1' = External Clock Sync, '0' = Internal Clock Used
Bit 7: If Bit 7 = 0 the charge pump is powered on before any dimming waveform is enabled. If Bit7 = 1
the dimming waveform can be enabled before charge pump is powered on.
AN-1778 LM2755 Charge Pump LED Controller with I2C Compatible
Interface in µSMD
Copyright © 2008–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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Software Interface Information
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Software Interface Information
In order to fully evaluate the LM2755 part, an “I2C Compatible” interface must be used for any functionality
to occur. A detailed description of the interface control is described in the LM2755 datasheet.
TI has created an I2C compatible interface generation program and USB docking board that can help
exercise the part in a simple way. Contained in this document is a description of how to use the USB
docking board and interface software.
The LM2755 evaluation board has the means to “plug into” the USB docking board. The USB docking
board can provide all of the control signals and power required to operate the evaluation board. A
standard USB cable must be connected to the board from a PC.
The I2C compatible interface program provides all of the control that the LM2755 part requires. For proper
operation, the USB docking board should be plugged into the PC before the interface program is opened.
Once connected, and the program is executed, a basic interface window will open.
Figure 9. GUI Start-Up
At the top of the interface, the user can read or write to any of the data registers on the LM2755 part using
the two pull down menus (for the slave i.d. and the desired data address), the data field, and the read and
write buttons.
Figure 10. Generic Read/Write Field
Figure 11. Drop Down Menu
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Software Interface Information
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Just below the pull down menus are convenient toggle buttons to set/reset the control bits in the General
Purpose Register.
Figure 12. Control and Configuration Buttons
•
•
•
CK: When depressed, the external clock is used to set the timing for all of the waveform control.
W3-W1: When depressed, the waveforms profile for the drivers are enabled
EN3-EN1: These bits, when depressed, enable BankA, BankB and BankC.
Figure 13. Results of Pressing the Set Button
Pressing the Set button enables D1, D2 and D3 on the LM2755 and sets the brightness levels in each
bank to full-scale.
Figure 14. Enable ALL
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•
Pressing the Enable ALL button enables D1, D2 and D3 on the LM2755 and sets the brightness levels
in each bank to full-scale. The waveforms stored in the other registers are also enabled on each of the
Dx Drivers
Figure 15. Control Sliders
•
•
•
•
8.1
Time Step: Sets the base time unit for all timing control
D1 Sliders: Sets the waveform profile for D1
D2 Sliders: Sets the waveform profile for D2
D3 Sliders: Sets the waveform profile for D3
Example Diode Current Waveforms
Ch1: VOUT
Ch2: ID1
Ch3: ID2
Ch4: ID3
TIME: 2 ms/DIV
Ch1: 5V/Div
Ch2: 10 mA/Div
Ch3: 10 mA/Div
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Software Interface Information
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Ch1: VOUT
Ch2: ID1
Ch3: ID2
Ch4: ID3
TIME: 10 ms/DIV
Ch1: 5V/Div
Ch2: 10 mA/Div
Ch3: 10 mA/Div
Ch4: 10 mA/Div
Ch1: VOUT
Ch2: ID1
Ch3: ID2
Ch4: ID3
TIME: 10 ms/DIV
Ch1: 5V/Div
Ch2: 10 mA/Div
Ch3: 10 mA/Div
Ch4: 10 mA/Div
Ch1: VOUT
Ch2: ID1
Ch3: ID2
Ch4: ID3
Time: 10msec./div
14
Ch1: 5V/Div
Ch2: 10 mA/Div
Ch3: 10 mA/Div
Ch4: 10 mA/Div
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