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LM2792
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LM2792 Current Regulated Switched Capacitor LED Driver with Analog Brightness
Control
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FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
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The LM2792 is a CMOS charge-pump voltage
doubler and regulator that provides two regulated
current sources. They are designed to drive two white
(or blue) LEDs with matched currents (within ± 0.3%)
to produce balanced light sources for display
backlights. The LM2792 accepts an input voltage
range from 3.0V to 5.8V and maintain a constant
current determined by an external set resistor.
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Output Matching of ± 0.3% (typ.)
Drives up to Two LED's
3.0V to 5.8V Input Voltage
Up to 34mA Output Current
Soft Start Limits Inrush Current
Analog Brightness Control
Separate Shutdown Input
Very Small Solution Size and No Inductor
1.4mA Typical Operating Current
1µA (max.) Shutdown Current
900kHz Switching Frequency (min.)
Linear Regulation Generates Predictable Noise
Spectrum
WSON-10 Package: 3mm X 3mm X 0.8mm
APPLICATIONS
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White LED Display Backlights
White LED Keypad Backlights
1-Cell Li-Ion Battery-operated Equipment
Including PDAs, Hand-held PCs, Cellular
Phones
Flat Panel Displays
The LM2792 delivers up to 34mA of load current to
accommodate two high forward voltage (typically
white) LEDs. The switching frequency is 900kHz
(min.) to keep the conducted noise spectrum away
from sensitive frequencies within portable RF
devices.
The LM2792 offers full off to maximum current control
through the BRGT pin. The output current linearly
tracks the BRGT pin voltage. The LM2792 is
available in active high or low shutdown versions.
The shutdown pin reduces the operating current to
1µA (max.). The LM2792 is available in a 10 pin
WSON CSP package.
Basic Application Circuit
SD1
VIN = 3.0 to 5.8V
POUT
VIN
CIN
CHOLD
1PF
1PF
D1
C1+
C1
1PF
LM2792
D2
D1
C1D2
SD
BRGT
ISET
GND
RSET
1
2
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2001–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
OBSOLETE
LM2792
SNVS167L – JUNE 2001 – REVISED APRIL 2013
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Connection Diagram
BRGT
1
10
ISET
POUT
2
9
SD/SD
C1-
3
8
VIN
C1+
4
7
GND
D2
5
6
D1
Figure 1. Top View
10-Lead WSON
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Pin
Name
1
BRGT
Variable voltage input controls output current.
Function
2
POUT
Charge pump output.
3
C1−
Connect this pin to the negative terminal of C1.
4
C1+
Connect this pin to the positive terminal of C1.
5
D2
Current source outputs. Connect directly to LED.
6
D1
Current source outputs. Connect directly to LED.
7
GND
Power supply ground input.
8
VIN
Power supply voltage input.
9
SD/SD
10
ISET
Shutdown input. Device operation is inhibited when pin is asserted.
Current Sense Input. Connect resistor to ground to set constant current through LED.
Block Diagram
CHOLD
SD1
POUT
VIN
D1
CIN
1PF
X2
C1
Charge
Pump
Current
Sources
D2
LED1
LED2
ISET
SD/SD
RSET
BRGT
2
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These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) (2)
−0.3 to 6.0V
VIN
−0.3 to (VIN +0.2V)
BRGT, SD
Power Dissipation
TJMAX
(3)
400 mW
(3)
150°C
θJA (4)
55°C/W
−65°C to +150°C
Storge Temperature
Lead Temp. (Soldering, 5 sec.)
260°C
ESD Rating
Human Body Model
2KV
Machine Model
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
200V
Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when
operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions.
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and
specifications.
D1 and D2 may be shorted to GND without damage. POUT may be shorted to GND for 1sec without damage.
For more information regarding the WSON package, please refer to Application note AN-1187 (literature number SNOA401).
OPERATING CONDITIONS
Input Voltage (VIN)
3.0V to 5.8V
BRGT
0 to 3.0V
Ambient Temperature (TA)
−30°C to +85°C
34mA Operating Junction Temperature
−30°C to 100°C
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C and limits in boldface type apply over the full Operating Temperature Range.
Unless otherwise specified, C1 = CIN = CHOLD = 1 µF, VIN = 3.6V, BRGT pin = 2.75V. (1) (2)
Min
Typ
IDX
Symbol
Available Current at Output Dx
3.0V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.8V
VDx ≤ 3.6V
RSET = 1650Ω VBRGT = 3V
14.5
16.8
IDX
Line Regulation of Dx Output
Current
3.0V ≤ VIN ≤ 4.4V
VDx ≤ 3.6V
RSET = 1800Ω VBRGT = 2.75V
13.5
16
VDX
Load Regulation of Dx Output
Current
VIN = 3.6V
VDx = 3.0V
VDx = 4.0V
RSET = 1800Ω VBRGT = 2.75V
ID-MATCH
Current Matching Between Any
Two Outputs
VD1 = VD2 = 3.6V,
BRGT = 2.75V, VIN = 3.6V,
RSET = 1800Ω
0.3
IQ
Quiescent Supply Current
3.0V ≤ VIN ≤ 4.4V, Active, No Load
Current
1.4
2.7
mA
ISD
Shutdown Supply Current
3.0V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, Shutdown
At 85°C
0.1
0.3
1
µA
VIH
SD Input Logic High
3.0V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, Note5
VIL
SD Input Logic Low
3.0V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, Note5
ILEAK-SD
SD Input Leakage Current
0V ≤ VSD ≤ VIN
RBRGT
BRGT Input Resistance
BRGT
Brightness Voltage Range
ISET
ISET Pin Output Current
fSW
Switching Frequency
tSTART
Startup Time
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
4
Parameter
(3)
(4)
Conditions
Max
mA
17.8
mA
%
0.8* VIN
V
0.2* VIN
0.01
kΩ
3.0
IDx/25
900
1100
10
V
µA
250
IDx = 90% steady state
mA
16.1
15.4
0
3.0V ≤ VIN ≤ 4.4V
ID1 = ID2 ≤ 16mA
Units
V
mA
1800
kHz
µs
In the test circuit, all capacitors are 1.0µF, 0.3Ω maximum ESR capacitors. Capacitors with higher ESR will increase output resistance,
reduce output voltage and efficiency.
The internal thresholds of the Shutdown bar are set at about 40% of VIN
The output switches operate at one half of the oscillator frequency, fOSC = 2fSW.
This electrical specification is specified by design.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise specified, C1 = CIN = CHOLD = 1uF, VIN= 3.6V, BRGT pin =2.75V
Input Supply Current vs.
VIN ( ID1=ID2=16mA)
IDIODE vs. VIN
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Shutdown Threshold vs. VIN
IDIODE vs. Temperature
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Unless otherwise specified, C1 = CIN = CHOLD = 1uF, VIN= 3.6V, BRGT pin =2.75V
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IQ(SHUTSOWN) vs. Temperature
IDIODEvs. RSET
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
IDIODE vs. BRGT
Switch Frequency vs. Temperature
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
VSET vs. VBRGT
IDIODE vs. VDIODE
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The LM2792 provides two matched current sources for driving high forward voltage drop LEDs from Li-Ion
battery sources. The part has on-chip current regulators which are composed of current mirrors with a 25 to 1
ratio. The mirrors control the LED current without using current limiting resistors in the LED current path. The
device can drive up to 34mA through the Leds.
The LED brightness can be controlled by both analog and/or digital methods. The digital technique uses a PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) signal applied to the shutdown input. The analog technique applies an analog voltage
to the brightness (BRGT) pin (see Application Information section).
C1
CHOLD
Current
Mirror
25:1
Charge
Pump
Doubler
VIN
Bandgap
reference
D1
D2
+
VBRGT
R1
R2
-
RSET
Figure 12.
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
SOFT START
LM2792 includes a soft start function to reduce the inrush currents and high peak current during power up of the
device. Soft start is implemented internally by ramping the bandgap more slowly than the applied voltage. This is
done by holding the bandgap in shutdown for a short time. During soft start, the switch resistances limit the
inrush current used to charge the flying and hold capacitors.
SHUTDOWN MODE
A shutdown pin (SD or SD) is available to disable the LM2792 and reduce the quiescent current to 1µA
maximum. The LM2792 is available with both senses of shutdown polarity.
During normal operation mode of the "-L" options, an active high logic signal to the SD pin or tying the SD pin to
VIN, will enable the device. Pulling SD low or connecting SD to ground will disable the device.
During normal operation mode of the "-H" options, an active low logic signal to the SD pin or tying the SD pin to
GND, will enable the device. Pulling SD high or connecting SD to VIN will disable the device.
CAPACITOR SELECTION
Low equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitors such as X5R or X7R are recommended to be used for CIN,
C1, and CHOLD for best performance. Ceramic capacitors with less than or equal to 0.3 ohms ESR value are
recommended for this application. Table 1 below lists suggested capacitor suppliers for the typical application
circuit.
Table 1. Low ESR Capacitor Manufactures
Manufacturer
Contact
website
TDK
(847) 803 6100
www.component.tdk.com
MuRata
(800) 831 9172
www.murata.com
Taiyo Yuden
(800) 348 2496
www.t-yuden.com
SCHOTTKY DIODE SELECTION
A schottky diode (SD1) must be used between VIN and POUT for proper operation. During start-up, the low
voltage drop across this diode is used to charge COUT and start the oscillator. It is necessary to protect the device
from turning-on its own parasitic diode and potentially latching-up. As a result, it is important to select a schottky
diode that will carry at least 200mA or higher current to charge the output capacitor during start-up. A schottky
diode like 1N5817 can be used for most applications or a surface mount diode such as BAT54-series and
MA2J704 can be used to reduce the circuit size.Table 2 below lists suggested schottky diode manufactures.
Table 2. Diode Manufactures
Manufacturer
Contact
website
ON Semiconductor
(800) 344 3860
www.onsemi.com
Phillips Semiconductors
(800) 234 7381
www.nxp.com
Panasonic Semiconductors
(408) 945 5622
www.panasonic.com
LED SELECTION
The LM2792 is designed to drive LEDs with a forward voltage of about 3.0V to 4.0V or higher. The typical and
maximum VF depends highly on the manufacturer and their technology. Table 3 lists two suggested
manufactures and example part numbers. Each supplier makes many LEDs that work well with the LM2792. The
LEDs suggested below are in a surface mount package and TOPLED or SIDEVIEW configuration with a
maximum forward current of 20mA. These diodes also come in SIDELED or SIDEVIEW configuration and
various chromaticity groups. For applications that demand color and brigthness matching, care must be taken to
select LEDs from the same chromaticity group. Forward current matching is assured over the LED process
variations due to the constant current output of the LM2792. For best fit selection for an application, consult the
manufacturer for detailed information.
8
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Table 3. White LED Selection
Component
Manufacturer
LWT673/LWT67C
Osram
Contact
www.osram-os.com
NSCW100/NSCW215
Nichia
www.nichia.com
ISETPIN
An external resistor, RSET, sets the mirror current that is required to provide a constant current through the LEDs.
The current through RSET and the LED is set by the internal current mirror circuitry with a ratio of 25:1 The
currents through each LED are matched within 0.3%. RSET should be chosen not to exceed the maximum current
delivery capability of the device. Table 4 shows a list of RSET values when maximun BRGT=3V is applied. For
other BRGT voltages, RSET can be calculated using this formula:
RSET = ((0.42*BRGT) / ISET)*25
Table 4. RSETSelections ( when BRGT pin = 3V maximum)
ILED per LED
RSET
15mA
2.1KΩ
10mA
3.15KΩ
5mA
6.3KΩ
BRGT PIN
The BRGT pin can be used to smoothly vary the brightness of the LEDs. In the LM2792, current on BRGT is
connected to an internal resistor divider which gives a factor of 0.42 (see Figure 12) . This voltage is fed to the
operational amplifier that controls the current through the mirror resistor RSET. The nominal range on BRGT is 0V
to 3V.
This means some current must be provided on the BRGT pin or no current will flow through the LEDs. The
LM2792 can provide an infinite ratio, from fully off (essentially zero current) to the maximum current set by the
RSET resistor. Care must be taken to prevent voltages on BRGT that cause LED current to exceed a total of
34mA. Although this will not cause damage to the IC, it will not meet the ensured specifications listed in the
Electrical Characteristics.
Calculation of LED Current When Using BRGT :
VIN = 3.6V
RSET = 1800Ω
ISET = ((VBRGT * (0.42) / RSET )* 25
ISET = ((2.75*(0.42)) / 1800 )*25 = 16mA
Note that making VBRGT = 0V results in ISET ∼ = 0mA
BRIGHTNESS CONTROL USING PWM
Brigthness control can be implemented by pulsing a signal at the SD pin. The recommended signal should be
between 100Hz to 1kHz. If the operating PWM frequency is much less than 100Hz, flicker may be seen in the
LEDs. Likewise, if frequency is much higher, brightness in the LEDs will not be linear. When a PWM signal is
used to drive the SD pin of the LM2792, connect BRGT pin to a maximun of 3V to ensure the widest range.
Similarly, the voltage at the BRGT pin can be set higher than 3V without damage to the IC, it will not increase the
brigthness of the LED significantly. RSET value is selected using the above I SET equation as if BRGT pin is used.
The brigthness is controlled by increasing and decreasing the duty cycle of the PWM. Zero duty cycle will turn off
the brigthness and a 50% duty cycle waveform produces an average current of 7.5mA if RSET is set to produce a
maximum LED current of 15mA. So the LED current varies linearly with the duty cycle.
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PARALLEL DX OUTPUTS FOR INCREASED CURRENT DRIVE
Outputs D1 and D2 may be connected together to drive a single LED. In such a configuration, two parallel
current sources of equal value drive the single LED. RSET and VBRGT should be chosen so that the current
through each of the outputs is programmed to 50% of the total desired LED current. For example, if 30mA is the
desired drive current for the single LED, RSET and VBRGT should be selected so that the current through each of
the outputs is 15mA. Connecting the outputs in parallel does not affect internal operation of the LM2792 and has
no impact on the Electrical Characteristics and limits previously presented. The available Dx output current,
maximum Dx voltage, and all other specifications provided in the Electrical Characteristics table apply to this
parallel output configuration, just as they do to the standard 2-LED application circuit.
THERMAL PROTECTION
The LM2792 has internal thermal protection circuitry to disable the charge pump if the junction temperature
exceeds 150°C. This feature will protect the device from damage due to excessive power dissipation. The device
will recover and operate normally when the junction temperature falls below the maximum operating junction
temperature of 100°C. It is important to have good thermal conduction with a proper layout to reduce thermal
resistance.
POWER EFFICIENCY
An ideal power efficiency for a voltage doubler switched capacitor converter is given as the output voltage of the
doubler over twice the input voltage as follows:
Efficiency = (VDIODE* IDIODE) / ( VIN * IDIODE* Gain) = VDIODE / 2VIN
In the case of the LM2792, a more accurate efficiency calculation can be applied as the given formula below.
Efficiency = ((VD1* ID1) + (VD2* ID2)) / (ISUPPLY* VIN)
It is clear that the efficiency will depend on the supply voltage in the above equation. As such, the lower the
supply voltage, the higher the efficiency.
POWER DISSIPATION
The maximum allowable power dissipation that this package is capable of handling can be determined as
follows:
PDMax = (TJMax - TA) / θJA
where
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TJMax is the maximum junction temperature
TA is the ambient temperature
θJA is the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the specified package
The actual power dissipation of the device can be calculated using this equation:
PDissipation = (2VIN -VDIODE)*ILOAD
As an example, if VIN in the target application is 4.2V, VDIODE = 3.0V and worse case current consumption is
32mA (17mA for each diode).
PDissipation = ((2*4.2) -3.0)*0.032 = 173mW
Power dissipation must be less than that allowed by the package. Please refer to the Absolute Maximum Rating
of the LM2792.
PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
The WSON is a leadframe based Chip Scale Package (CSP) with very good thermal properties. This package
has an exposed DAP (die attach pad) at the center of the package measuring 2.0mm x 1.2mm. The main
advantage of this exposed DAP is to offer lower thermal resistance when it is soldered to the thermal land on the
PCB. For PCB layout, TI highly recommends a 1:1 ratio between the package and the PCB thermal land. To
further enhance thermal conductivity, the PCB thermal land may include vias to a ground plane. For more
detailed instructions on mounting WSON packages, please refer to Application Note AN-1187 (literature number
SNOA401).
10
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REVISION HISTORY
Changes from Revision K (April 2013) to Revision L
•
Page
Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 10
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