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LMP8480-Q1, LMP8481-Q1
SNVSAL6A – JULY 2016 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2017
LMP848x-Q1 Automotive, 76-V, High-Side, High-Speed, Current-Sense Amplifier
1 Features
3 Description
•
•
The
automotive-qualified
LMP8480-Q1
and
LMP8481-Q1 devices are precision, high-side,
current-sense amplifiers that amplify a small
differential voltage developed across a current-sense
resistor in the presence of high input common-mode
voltages. These amplifiers are designed for
bidirectional
(LMP8481-Q1)
or
unidirectional
(LMP8480-Q1) current applications and accept input
signals with a common-mode voltage range from 4 V
to 76 V with a bandwidth of 270 kHz. Because the
operating power-supply range overlaps the input
common-mode voltage range, the LMP848x-Q1 can
be powered by the same voltage that is being
monitored. This benefit eliminates the need for an
intermediate supply voltage to be routed to the point
of load where the current is being monitored,
resulting in reduced component count and board
space.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Qualified for Automotive Applications
AEC-Q100 Qualified With the Following Results:
– Device Temperature Grade 1: –40°C to 125°C
Ambient Operating Temperature
– Device HBM ESD Classification Level 2
– Device CDM ESD Classification Level C6
Bidirectional or Unidirectional Sensing
Common Mode Voltage Range: 4.0 V to 76 V
Supply Voltage Range: 4.5 V to 76 V
Fixed Gains: 20, 60, and 100 V/V
Gain Accuracy: ±0.1%
Offset: ±80 µV
Bandwidth (–3 dB): 270 kHz
Quiescent Current: < 100 µA
Buffered High-Current Output: > 5 mA
Input Bias Current: 7 µA
PSRR (DC): 122 dB
CMRR (DC): 124 dB
The LMP848x-Q1 family consists of fixed gains of 20,
60, and 100 for applications that demand high
accuracy over temperature. The low-input offset
voltage allows the use of smaller sense resistors
without sacrificing system error. The LMP8480-Q1
and LMP8481-Q1 are pin-for-pin replacements for the
MAX4080 and MAX4081 devices, offering improved
offset voltage, wider reference adjust range, and
higher output drive capabilities. The LMP8480-Q1
and LMP8481-Q1 are available in an 8-pin VSSOP
package.
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
Body Control Modules
Powertrain
Battery Management
Inverters
Device Information(1)
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
LMP8480-Q1
PART NUMBER
VSSOP (8)
3.00 mm x 3.00 mm
LMP8481-Q1
VSSOP (8)
3.00 mm x 3.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
Typical Application Schematic
ISENSE
VCC = +4.5V to +76V
To Load
C1
RSENSE
0.1 µF
RSP
GND
VSENSE
VOUT
LMP8481-Q1
REFA
VIN+
ADC
REFB
RSN
VIN-
C2
VREF
LM4140ACM-1.2
0.1 µF
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LMP8480-Q1, LMP8481-Q1
SNVSAL6A – JULY 2016 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2017
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Device Comparison Table.....................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
3
4
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
4
4
4
4
5
7
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Detailed Description ............................................ 10
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Overview .................................................................
Functional Block Diagrams .....................................
Feature Description.................................................
Device Functional Modes........................................
10
11
12
18
9
Application and Implementation ........................ 19
9.1 Application Information............................................ 19
9.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 19
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 22
10.1 Power Supply Decoupling ..................................... 22
11 Layout................................................................... 22
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 22
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 22
12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 23
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
Device Support ....................................................
Related Links ........................................................
Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 24
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Original (July 2016) to Revision A
•
2
Page
Released to production........................................................................................................................................................... 1
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SNVSAL6A – JULY 2016 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2017
5 Device Comparison Table
DEVICE NAME
GAIN
POLARITY
LMP8480T-Q1
x20
Unidirectional
LMP8480S-Q1
x60
Unidirectional
LMP8481T-Q1
x20
Bidirectional or unidirectional
LMP8481S-Q1
x60
Bidirectional or unidirectional
LMP8481H-Q1
x100
Bidirectional or unidirectional
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
DGK Package, LMP8480-Q1
8-Pin VSSOP
Top View
RSP
1
VCC
2
NC
3
GND
DGK Package, LMP8481-Q1
8-Pin VSSOP
Top View
8
7
6
4
5
RSN
RSP
1
8
RSN
VCC
2
7
REFA
NC
3
6
REFB
GND
4
5
VOUT
NC
NC
VOUT
Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
GND
NC
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
LMP8480-Q1 LMP8481-Q1
4
4
P
Ground
No connection, not internally connected
3, 6, 7
3
—
REFA
—
7
I
Reference voltage A input
REFB
—
6
I
Reference voltage B input
RSN
8
8
I
Negative current-sense input
RSP
1
1
I
Positive current-sense input
VCC
2
2
P
Positive supply voltage
VOUT
5
5
O
Output
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SNVSAL6A – JULY 2016 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2017
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7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) (2) (3)
Supply voltage (VCC to GND)
RSP or RSN to GND
VOUT to GND
MIN
MAX
UNIT
–0.3
85
V
–0.3
85
V
–0.3 to the lesser of (VCC + 0.3) or +20
VREF pins
(LMP8481-Q1 only)
Other VREF pin tied to ground
–0.3
12
Applied to both VREF pins tied together
–0.3
6
Differential input voltage
V
V
–85
85
V
Current into output pin
–20 (4)
20
mA
Current into any other pins
–5 (4)
5
mA
Operating temperature
–40
125
°C
Junction temperature
–40
150
°C
Storage temperature
–65
150
°C
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJ(MAX), θJA, and the ambient temperature,
TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation PDMAX = (TJ(MAX) –TA) / θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings,
whichever is lower.
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and
specifications.
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
When the input voltage (VIN) at any pin exceeds power supplies (VIN < GND or VIN > VS ), the current at that pin must not exceed 5
mA, and the voltage (VIN) has to be within the Absolute Maximum Ratings for that pin. The 20-mA package input current rating limits
the number of pins that can safely exceed the power supplies with current flow to four pins.
7.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1)
±2000
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101 (2)
±750
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
expected normal operating conditions over free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
MIN
MAX
Supply voltage (VCC)
4.5
76
V
Common mode voltage
4.0
76
V
Reference input
(LMP8481-Q1 only)
(1)
UNIT
VREFA and VREFB tied together
–0.3 to the lesser of (VCC – 1.5) or +6
V
Single VREF pin with other VREF pin grounded
–0.3 or +12 where the average of the
two VREF pins is less than the lesser of
(VCC – 1.5) or +6
V
Exceeding the Recommended Operating Conditions for extended periods of time may effect device reliability or cause parametric shifts.
7.4 Thermal Information
LMP8480-Q1, LMP8481-Q1
THERMAL METRIC (1)
DGK (VSSOP)
UNIT
8 PINS
RθJA
(1)
4
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
185
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
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SNVSAL6A – JULY 2016 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2017
7.5 Electrical Characteristics
unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for at TA = 25°C, VCC = 4.5 V to 76 V, 4.5 V ≤ VCM ≤ 76 V, RL = 100 kΩ,
VSENSE = (VRSP – VRSN) = 0 V (1)
PARAMETER
VOS
Input offset voltage (RTI)
TCVOS
Input offset voltage drift (4)
TEST CONDITIONS
VCC = VRSP = 48 V,
ΔV = 100 mV
MIN (2)
TA = 25°C
TYP (3)
MAX (2)
±80
±265
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
±900
±6
Input bias current (5)
VCC = VRSP = 76 V, per input
IB
Input leakage current
VSENSE
(MAX)
2
-T version,
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
667
-S version,
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
222
-H version,
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
133
VCC = 16
19.8
-S version
59.5
-H version
99.2
DC power-supply rejection ratio
±0.6%
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
±0.8%
VRSP = 48 V, VCC = 4.5 to 76 V,
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
122
VCC = 48 V, VRSP = 4.5 to 76 V,
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
dB
100
VCC = 48 V, VRSP = 4.5 to 76 V
DC CMRR DC common-mode rejection ratio
124
100
VCC = 48 V, VRSP = 4 to 76 V
dB
124
CMVR
Input common-mode voltage
range
ROUT
Output resistance, load regulation VSENSE = 100 mV
0.1
VOMAX
Maximum output voltage
(headroom)
(VOMAX = VCC – VOUT)
230
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
V/V
100.8
TA = 25°C
VRSP = 48 V, VCC = 4.5 to 76 V
DC PSRR
60.5
100
-H version, –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
VCC = VRSP = 48 V
mV
20.2
60
-S version, –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
Gain error
μA
20
-T version, –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
Gain
μA
0.01
VCC = 0, VRSP = 86 V, both inputs together,
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
-T version
AV
µV°C
12
VCC = 0, VRSP = 86 V, both inputs together
Differential input voltage across
sense resistor (6)
µV
6.3
VCC = VRSP = 76 V, per input,
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
ILEAK
UNIT
CMRR > 100 dB, –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
VCC = 4.5 V, VRSP = 48 V, VSENSE = +1 V,
IOUT (sourcing) 500 μA
4
76
V
Ω
500
mV
Electrical Characteristics table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factory testing conditions
result in very limited self-heating of the device such that TJ = TA. No specification of parametric performance is indicated in the electrical
tables under conditions of internal self-heating where TJ > TA.
All limits are specified by testing, design, or statistical analysis.
Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at the time of characterization. Actual typical values can vary over time and
also depend on the application and configuration. The typical values are not tested and are not ensured on shipped production material.
Offset voltage temperature drift is determined by dividing the change in VOS at the temperature extremes by the total temperature
change.
Positive bias current corresponds to current flowing into the device.
This parameter is specified by design and/or characterization and is not tested in production.
Copyright © 2016–2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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SNVSAL6A – JULY 2016 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2017
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
unless otherwise specified, all limits specified for at TA = 25°C, VCC = 4.5 V to 76 V, 4.5 V ≤ VCM ≤ 76 V, RL = 100 kΩ,
VSENSE = (VRSP – VRSN) = 0 V(1)
PARAMETER
MIN (2)
TEST CONDITIONS
VCC = VRSP = 48 V, VSENSE = –1 V,
IOUT (sinking) = 10 µA
TYP (3)
Minimum output voltage
UNIT
3
VCC = VRSP = 48 V, VSENSE = –1 V,
IOUT (sinking) = 10 µA, –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
VOMIN
MAX (2)
15
VCC = VRSP = 4.5 V, VSENSE = –1 V,
IOUT (sinking) = 10 µA
3
VCC = VRSP = 48 V, VSENSE = –1 V,
IOUT (sinking) = 100 µA
18
mV
VCC = VRSP = 48 V, VSENSE = –1 V,
IOUT (sinking) = 100 µA, –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
55
VCC = VRSP = 4.5 V, VSENSE = –1 V,
IOUT (sinking) = 100 µA
18
12
VOLOAD
Output voltage with load
VCC = 28 V, VRSP = 28 V, VSENSE = 600 mV,
I OUT (sourcing) = 500 µA
VOLREG
Output load regulation
VCC = 20, VRSP = 16 V, VOUT = 12,
ΔIL = 200 nA to 8 mA
ICC
Supply current
VOUT = 2 V, RL = 10 MΩ, VCC = VRSP = 76 V,
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C
BW
–3-dB bandwidth
RL = 10 MΩ, CL = 20 pF
SR
Slew rate (7)
VSENSE from 10 mV to 80 mV, RL = 10 MΩ,
CL = 20 pF
eni
Input-referred voltage noise
tSETTLE
Output settling time to 1% of final
value
tPU
V
0.001%
VOUT = 2 V, RL = 10 MΩ, VCC = VRSP = 76 V
88
100
155
µA
270
kHz
1
V/µs
f = 1 kHz
95
nV/√Hz
VSENSE = 10 mV to 100 mV and 100 mV
to 10 mV
20
µs
Power-up time
VCC = VRSP = 48 V, VSENSE = 100 mV, output
to 1% of final value
50
µs
tRECOVERY
Saturation recovery time
Output settles to 1% of final value, the device
does not experience phase reversal when
overdriven
50
µs
CLOAD
Max output capacitance load
No sustained oscillations
500
pF
(7)
6
The number specified is the average of rising and falling slew rates and measured at 90% to 10%.
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SNVSAL6A – JULY 2016 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2017
7.6 Typical Characteristics
unless otherwise specified, TA = 25°C, VCC = 4.5 V to 76 V, 4.5 V < VCM < 76 V, RL = 100 kΩ, VSENSE = (VRSP – VRSN) = 0 V,
for all gain options
Figure 1. Offset Voltage Histogram
Figure 2. Typical Offset Voltage vs Temperature
Figure 3. Typical Gain Accuracy vs Temperature
Figure 4. Typical Gain Accuracy vs Supply Voltage
Figure 5. Typical Offset Voltage vs Supply Voltage
Figure 6. AC Common-Mode Rejection Ratio vs Frequency
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
unless otherwise specified, TA = 25°C, VCC = 4.5 V to 76 V, 4.5 V < VCM < 76 V, RL = 100 kΩ, VSENSE = (VRSP – VRSN) = 0 V,
for all gain options
LMP8480S-Q1
8
Figure 7. AC Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Frequency
Figure 8. Small Signal Gain vs Frequency
Figure 9. Large Signal Pulse Response
Figure 10. Small Signal Pulse Response
Figure 11. Supply Current vs Supply Voltage
Figure 12. Supply Current vs Temperature
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
unless otherwise specified, TA = 25°C, VCC = 4.5 V to 76 V, 4.5 V < VCM < 76 V, RL = 100 kΩ, VSENSE = (VRSP – VRSN) = 0 V,
for all gain options
Figure 13. Saturated Output Sourcing Current at 4.5 V
Figure 14. Saturated Output Sinking Current at 4.5 V
Figure 15. Saturated Output Sourcing Current at 12 V
Figure 16. Saturated Output Current Sinking at 12 V
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LMP8480-Q1, LMP8481-Q1
SNVSAL6A – JULY 2016 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2017
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The LMP8480-Q1 and LMP8481-Q1 are single-supply, high-side current sense amplifiers with available fixed
gains of x20, x60 and x100. The power supply range is 4.5 V to 76 V, and the common-mode input voltage range
is capable of 4.0-V to 76-V operation. The supply voltage and common-mode range are completely independent
of each other, which causes the LMP848x-Q1 supply voltage to be extremely flexible because the LMP848x-Q1
supply voltage can be greater than, equal to, or less than the load source voltage, and allows the device to be
powered from the system supply or the load supply voltage.
The LMP8480-Q1 and LMP8481-Q1 supply voltage does not have to be larger than the load source voltage. A
76-V load source voltage with a 5-V supply voltage is perfectly acceptable.
8.1.1 Theory of Operation
The LMP8480-Q1 and LMP8481-Q1 are comprised of two main stages. The first stage is a differential input
current to voltage converter, followed by a differential voltage amplifier and level-shifting output stage. Also
present is an internal 14-V low-dropout regulator (LDO) to power the amplifiers and output stage, as well as a
reference divider resistor string to allow the setting of the reference level.
As Figure 18 illustrates, the current flowing through RSENSE develops a voltage drop called VSENSE. The voltage
across the sense resistor, VSENSE, is then applied to the input RSP and RSN pins of the amplifier.
Internally, the voltage on each input pin is converted to a current by the internal precision thin-film input resistors
RGP and RGN. A second set of much higher value VCM sense resistors between the inputs provide a sample of
the input common-mode voltage for internal use by the differential amplifier.
VSENSE is applied to the differential amplifier through RGP and RGN. These resistors change the input voltage to a
differential current. The differential amplifier then servos the resistor currents through the MOSFETs to maintain
a zero balance across the differential amplifier inputs.
With no input signal present, the currents in RGP and RGN are equal. When a signal is applied to VSENSE, the
current through RGP and RGN are imbalanced and are no longer equal. The amplifier then servos the MOSFETS
to correct this current imbalance, and the extra current required to balance the input currents is then reflected
down into the two lower 400-kΩ tail resistors. The difference in the currents into the tail resistors is therefore
proportional to the amplitude and polarity of VSENSE. The tail resistors, being larger than the input resistors for the
same current, then provide voltage gain by changing the current into a proportionally larger voltage. The gain of
the first stage is then set by the tail resistor value divided by RG value.
The differential amplifier stage then samples the voltage difference across the two 400-kΩ tail resistors and also
applies a further gain-of-five and output level-shifting according to the applied reference voltage (VREF).
The resulting output of the amplifier will be equal to the differential input voltage times the gain of the device, plus
any voltage value applied to the two VREF pins.
The resistor values in the schematic are ideal values for clarity and understanding. Table 1 shows the actual
values used that account for parallel combinations and loading. This table can be used for calculating the effects
of any additional external resistance.
The LMP8480-Q1 is identical to the LMP8481-Q1, except that both the VREF pins are grounded internally.
Table 1. Actual Internal Resistor Values
GAIN OPTION
10
RGP AND RGN
(Each)
RVCMSENSE
(Each)
RTAIL
(Each)
DIFFERENTIAL AMP FB
(Each)
VREFx RESISTORS
(Each)
20x
98.38 k
491.9 k
393.52 k
1967.6 k
98.38 k
60x
32.793 k
172.165 k
393.52 k
1967.6 k
98.38 k
100x
19.676 k
98.38 k
393.52 k
1967.6 k
98.38 k
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8.2 Functional Block Diagrams
RSN
RSP
LMP8480-Q1
VSENSE
VCM
SENSE
RGP
VCC
Difference
Amplifier
(x5)
Internal
14V LDO
Regulator
+
RGN
2 M:
-
+
VOUT
100 k:
V to I
Converter
1.95 M:
100 k:
400 k:
400 k:
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
GND
Figure 17. LMP8480-Q1 Block Diagram
RSN
RSP
LMP8481-Q1
VSENSE
RGP
VCC
Internal
14V LDO
Regulator
VCM
SENSE
+
Difference
Amplifier
(x5)
RGN
2 M:
-
+
VOUT
100 k:
V to I
Converter
VREFA
1.95 M:
100 k:
400 k:
400 k:
GND
VREFB
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Figure 18. LMP8481-Q1 Block Diagram
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8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 Basic Connections
Figure 19 through Figure 22 show the basic connections for several different configurations.
Figure 19 shows the basic connections for the LMP8480-Q1 for unidirectional applications. The output is at zero
with zero sense voltage.
ISENSE
+4.0 V
to
+76 V
VCC = +4.5 V to +76 V
To Load
RSENSE
CBYPASS
0.1 PF
RSN
VSENSE
VCC
OUTPUT
LMP8480-Q1 VOUT
RSP
GND
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Figure 19. LMP8480-Q1 Basic Connections (Unidirectional)
Figure 20 shows the basic connections for the LMP8481-Q1 for bidirectional applications using an external
reference input. At zero input voltage, the output is at the applied reference voltage (VREF), moving positive or
negative from the zero reference point.
+4.0V
to
+76V
ISENSE
VCC = +4.5V to +76V
To Load
RSENSE
CBYPASS
0.1PF
RSN
VSENSE
VCC
LMP8481-Q1 VOUT
OUTPUT
REFA
RSP
REFB
GND
VREF INPUT
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Figure 20. LMP8481-Q1 Basic Connections for External 1:1 VREF Input (Bidirectional)
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 21 shows the basic connections for the LMP8481-Q1 for bidirectional applications centering the output at
one-half the applied VREF or VCC voltage. If VREFA is connected to VCC, then the output zero point is VCC / 2. If
VREFA is connected to the ADC VREF line, then the zero output is at mid-scale for the ADC.
ISENSE
+4.0V
to
+76V
VCC = +4.5V to +76V
To Load
RSENSE
CBYPASS
0.1PF
RSN
VSENSE
VCC
LMP8481-Q1 VOUT
OUTPUT
REFA
RSP
REFB
GND
VREF
or
VCC
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 21. LMP8481-Q1 Basic Connections for Mid-Bias
(VREF / 2) Input (Bidirectional)
Figure 22 shows how to connect the LMP8481-Q1 for unidirectional applications, thus making the LMP8481-Q1
equivalent to the LMP8480-Q1 in Figure 19.
ISENSE
+4.0 V
to
+76 V
VCC = +4.5 V to +76 V
To Load
RSENSE
CBYPASS
0.1 PF
RSN
VSENSE
VCC
OUTPUT
LMP8481-Q1 VOUT
REFA
RSP
REFB
GND
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 22. LMP8481-Q1 Connections for Unidirectional Configuration
(Equivalent to LMP8480-Q1 Unidirectional)
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Feature Description (continued)
8.3.2 Selection of the Sense Resistor
The accuracy of the current measurement depends heavily on the accuracy of the shunt resistor RSENSE. The
value of RSHUNT depends on the application and is a compromise between small-signal accuracy, maximum
permissible voltage drop, and allowable power dissipation in the current measurement circuit.
The use of a 4-terminal or Kelvin sense resistor is highly recommended; see the Layout Guidelines.
For best results, the value of the resistor is calculated from the maximum expected load current ILMAX and the
expected maximum output swing VOUTMAX, plus a few percent of headroom. See the Maximum Output Voltage
section for details about the maximum output voltage limits.
High values of RSENSE provide better accuracy at lower currents by minimizing the effects of amplifier offset. Low
values of RSENSE minimize load voltage loss, but at the expense of accuracy at low currents. A compromise
between low current accuracy and load circuit losses must generally be made.
The maximum VSENSE voltage that must be generated across the RSENSE resistor is shown in Equation 1:
VSENSE = VOUTMAX / AV
(1)
NOTE
The maximum VSENSE voltage must be no more than 667 mV.
From this maximum VSENSE voltage, the RSENSE value can be calculated from Equation 2:
RSENSE = VSENSE / ILMAX
(2)
Take care not exceed the maximum power dissipation of the resistor. The maximum sense resistor power
dissipation is shown in Equation 3:
PRSENSE = VSENSE × ILMAX
(3)
Using a 2-3x minimum safety margin is recommended in selecting the power rating of the resistor.
8.3.3 Using PCB Traces as Sense Resistors
While it may be tempting to use a known length of PCB trace resistance as a sense resistor, it is not
recommended.
The temperature coefficient of copper is typically 3300-4000 ppm/°K, and can vary over PCB process variations
and require measurement correction (possibly requiring ambient temperature measurements).
A typical surface mount sense resistor tempco is in the 50 ppm to 500 ppm/°C range offering more measurement
consistency and accuracy over the copper trace. Special low-tempco resistors are available in the 0.1 to 50 ppm
range, but at a higher cost.
8.3.4 VREFA and VREFB Pins (LMP8481-Q1 Only)
The voltage applied to the VREFA and VREFB pins controls the output zero reference level. Depending on how the
pins are configured, the output reference level can be set to GND, or VCC / 2, or external VREF / 2, or the average
of two different input references.
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Feature Description (continued)
The reference inputs consist of a pair of divider resistors with equal values to a common summing point, VREF',
as shown in Figure 23. Assuming VSENSE is zero, the output is at the same value as VREF'.
Figure 23. VREF Input Resistor Network
VREF' is the voltage at the resistor tap-point that is directly applied to the output as an offset. With the two VREF
inputs tied together, the output zero voltage has a 1:1 ratio relationship with VREF.
VOUT = ( (VRSP – VRSN) ×Av ) + VREF’
(4)
Where:
VREF’ = VREFA = VREFB (Equal Inputs)
(5)
VREF’ = ( VREFA + VREFB ) / 2 (Different Inputs)
(6)
or:
8.3.4.1 One-to-One (1:1) Reference Input
To directly set the reference level, the two inputs are connected to the external reference voltage. The applied
VREF is reflected 1:1 on the output, as shown in Figure 24.
Figure 24. Applying 1:1 Direct Reference Voltage
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Feature Description (continued)
8.3.4.2 Setting Output to One-Half VCC or external VREF
For mid-range operation, VREFB must be tied to ground and VREFA can be tied to VCC or an external A/D reference
voltage. The output is set to one-half the reference voltage. For example, a 5-V reference results in a 2.5-V
output zero reference.
Figure 25. Applying a Divided Reference Voltage
VREF’ = (VREFA – VREFB) / 2
(7)
When the reference pins are biased at different voltages, the output is referenced to the average of the two
applied voltages.
The reference pins must always be driven from clean, stable sources, such as A/D reference lines or clean
supply lines. Any noise or drifts on the reference inputs are directly reflected in the output. Take care if the power
supply is used as the reference source so as to not introduce supply noise, drift or sags into the measurement.
Different resistor divider ratios can be set by adding external resistors in series with the internal 100-kΩ resistors,
though the temperature coefficient (tempco) of the external resistors may not tightly track the internal resistors
and there are slight errors over temperature.
The LMP8480-Q1 is identical to the LMP8481-Q1, except that both the VREF pins are grounded internally. The
LMP8481-Q1 can replace the LMP8480-Q1 if both VREF pins are grounded.
8.3.5 Reference Input Voltage Limits (LMP8481-Q1 Only)
The maximum voltage on either reference input pin is limited to VCC or 12 V, whichever is less.
The average voltage on the two VREF pins, and thus the actual output reference voltage level, is limited to a
maximum of 1.5 V below VCC, or 6 V, whichever is less. Beware that supply voltages of less than 7.5 V have a
diminishing VREF maximum.
Both VREFA and VREFB can both be grounded to provide a ground referenced output (thus functionally duplicating
the LMP8480-Q1).
Note that there can be a dynamic error in the VREF to output level matching of up to 100 µV/V. Normally this error
is not an issue for fixed references, but if the reference voltage is dynamically adjusted during operation, this
error must be taken into account during calibration routines. This error varies in both amplitude and polarity partto-part, but the slope is generally linear.
8.3.6 Low-Side Current Sensing
The LMP8480-Q1 and LMP8481-Q1 are not recommended for low-side current sensing at ground level. The
voltage on either input pin must be a minimum of 4.0 V above the ground pin for proper operation. The output
level may not be valid for common-mode voltages below 4 V. This minimum voltage requirement must be taken
into consideration for monitoring or feedback applications where the load-supply voltage can dip below 4 V or be
switched completely off.
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Feature Description (continued)
8.3.7 Input Series Resistance
Because the input stage uses precision resistors to convert the voltage on the input pin to a current, any
resistance added in series with the input pins changes the gain. If a resistance is added in series with an input,
the gain of that input does not track that of the other input, causing a constant gain error.
TI does not recommend using external resistances to alter the gain because external resistors do not have the
same thermal matching as the internal thin film resistors.
If resistors are purposely added for filtering, resistance must be added equally to both inputs and the user must
be aware that the gain changes slightly. See the end of the Theory of Operation section for the internal resistor
values. External resistances must be kept below 10 Ω.
8.3.8 Minimum Output Voltage
The amplifier output cannot swing to exactly 0 V. There is always a minimum output voltage set by the output
transistor saturation and input offset errors. This voltage creates a minimum output swing around the zero current
reading resulting from the output saturation. The user must be aware of this output swing when designing any
servo loops or data acquisition systems that may assume 0 V = 0 A. If a true zero is required, use the LMP8481Q1 with a VREF set slightly above ground (> 50 mV); see the Swinging Output Below Ground section for a
possible solution to this issue.
8.3.9 Swinging Output Below Ground
If a negative supply is available, a pulldown resistor can be added from the output to the negative voltage to
allow the output to swing a few millivolts below ground. Adding a pulldown resistor allows the ADC to resolve true
zero and recover codes that normally are lost to the negative output saturation limit.
LMP848x-Q1
Figure 26. Output Pulldown Resistor Example
A minimum of 50 µA must be sourced (pulled) from the output to a negative voltage. The pulldown resistor can
be calculated from:
RPD = –VS / 50 µA
(8)
For example, if a –5-V supply is available, use a pulldown resistor of 5 V / 50 µA = 100 kΩ. Adding this resistor
allows the output to swing to approximately 10 mV below ground.
This technique can also reduce the maximum positive swing voltage. Do not forget to include the parallel loading
effects of the pulldown any output load. Exceeding –100 mV on the output is not recommended. Source currents
greater than 100 µA must be avoided to prevent self-heating at high-supply voltages. Pulldown resistor values
must not be so low as to heavily load the output during positive output excursions. This mode of operation is not
directly specified and is not ensured.
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Feature Description (continued)
8.3.10 Maximum Output Voltage
The LMP8481-Q1 has an internal precision 14-V low-dropout regulator that limits the maximum amplifier output
swing to approximately 250 mV below VCC or 13.7 V (whichever is less). This regulator effectively clamps the
maximum output to slightly less than 13.7 V even with a VCC greater than 14 V; see Typical Application With a
Resistive Divider for more information.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Unidirectional vs Bidirectional Operation
Unidirectional operation is where the load current only flows in one direction (VSENSE is always positive).
Application examples are PA monitoring, non-inductive load monitoring, and laser or LED drivers. Unidirectional
operation allows the output zero reference to be true zero volts on the output. The LMP8480-Q1 is designed for
unidirectional applications where the setting of VREF is not required; see the Unidirectional Application With the
LMP8480-Q1 for more details.
Bidirectional operation is where the load current can flow in both directions (VSENSE can be positive or negative).
Application examples are battery-charging or regenerative motor monitoring. The LMP8481-Q1 is designed for
bidirectional applications and has a pair of VREF pins to allow the setting of the output zero reference level
(VREF); see the Unidirectional Application With the LMP8480-Q1 section for more details.
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9 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application Information
The LMP848x-Q1 amplifies the voltage developed across a current-sensing resistor when current passes
through it. Flexible offset inputs allow adjusting the functionality of the output for multiple configurations, as
discussed throughout this section.
9.1.1 Input Common-Mode and Differential Voltage Range
The input common-mode range, where common-mode range is defined as the voltage from ground to the voltage
on RSP input, must be in the range of 4.0 V to 76 V. Operation below 4.0 V on either input pin introduces severe
gain error and nonlinearities.
The maximum differential voltage (defined as the voltage difference between RSP and RSN) must be 667 mV or
less. The theoretical maximum input is 700 mV (14 V / 20).
Taking the inputs below 4 V does not damage the device, but the output conditions during this time are not
predictable and are not ensured.
If the load voltage (Vcm) is expected to fall below 4 V as part of normal operation, preparations must be made for
invalid output levels during this time.
9.2 Typical Applications
9.2.1 Unidirectional Application With the LMP8480-Q1
LMP8480-Q1
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 27. Unidirectional Application with the LMP8480-Q1
9.2.1.1 Design Requirements
The LMP8480-Q1 is designed for unidirectional current sense applications. The output of the amplifier is equal to
the differential input voltage times the fixed device gain.
9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The output voltage can be calculated from Equation 9:
VOUT = ( (VRSP – VRSN) × Av )
(9)
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Typical Applications (continued)
Note that the minimum zero reading is limited by the lower output swing and input offset. The LMP8480-Q1 is
functionally identical to the LMP8481-Q1, but with the VREFA and VREFB nodes grounded internally. The
LMP8481-Q1 can replace the LMP8480-Q1 if both the VREF inputs (pins 6 and 7) are grounded.
9.2.1.3 Application Curve
Figure 28. Unidirectional Transfer Function for Gain-of-20 Option
9.2.2 Bidirectional Current Sensing Using the LMP8481-Q1
LMP8481-Q1
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 29. Bidirectional Current Sensing Using the LMP8481-Q1
9.2.2.1 Design Requirements
Bidirectional operation is required where the measured load current can be positive or negative. Because VSENSE
can be positive or negative, and the output cannot swing negative, the zero output level must be level-shifted
above ground to a known zero reference point. The LMP8481-Q1 allows for the setting this reference point.
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Typical Applications (continued)
9.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The VREFA and VREFB pins set the zero reference point. The output zero reference point is set by applying a
voltage to the REFA and REFB pins; see the Unidirectional Application With the LMP8480-Q1 section. VREFA and
VREFB Pins (LMP8481-Q1 Only) shows the output transfer function with a 1.2-V reference applied to the gain-of20 option.
9.2.2.3 Application Curve
Figure 30. Bidirectional Transfer Function Using a 1.2-V Reference Voltage
9.2.3 Typical Application With a Resistive Divider
Take care if the output is driving an A/D input with a maximum A/D maximum input voltage lower than the
amplifier supply voltage because the output can swing higher than the planned load maximum resulting from
input transients or shorts on the load and overload or possibly damage the A/D input.
A resistive attenuator, as shown in Figure 31, can be used to match the maximum swing to the input range of the
A/D converter.
LMP8480-Q1
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Figure 31. Typical Application With Resistive Divider Example
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10 Power Supply Recommendations
10.1 Power Supply Decoupling
In order to decouple the LMP848x-Q1 from ac noise on the power supply, TI recommends using a 0.1-μF bypass
capacitor between the VCC and GND pins. This capacitor must be placed as close as possible to the supply pins.
In some cases, an additional 10-μF bypass capacitor can further reduce the supply noise.
Do not forget that these bypass capacitors must be rated for the full supply and load source voltage. TI
recommends that the working voltage of the capacitor (WVDC) be at least two times the maximum expected
circuit voltage.
11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
The traces leading to and from the sense resistor can be significant error sources. With small value sense
resistors (< 100 mΩ), any trace resistance shared with the load current can cause significant errors.
The amplifier inputs must be directly connected to the sense resistor pads using Kelvin or 4-wire connection
techniques. The traces must be one continuous piece of copper from the sense resistor pad to the amplifier input
pin pad, and ideally on the same copper layer with minimal vias or connectors. These recommendations can be
important around the sense resistor if any significant heat gradients are being generated.
To minimize noise pickup and thermal errors, the input traces must be treated as a differential signal pair and
routed tightly together with a direct path to the input pins. The input traces must be run away from noise sources,
such as digital lines, switching supplies or motor drive lines. Remember that these traces can contain high
voltage, and must have the appropriate trace routing clearances.
Because the sense traces only carry the amplifier bias current (approximately 7 µA at room temperature), the
connecting input traces can be thinner, signal level traces. Excessive resistance in the trace must also be
avoided.
The paths of the traces must be identical, including connectors and vias, so that these errors are equal and
cancel.
The sense resistor heats up when the load increases. When the resistor heats up, the resistance generally goes
up, which causes a change in the readings. The sense resistor must have as much heatsinking as possible to
remove this heat through the use of heatsinks or large copper areas coupled to the resistor pads. A reading
drifting over time after turn-on can usually be traced back to sense resistor heating.
11.2 Layout Example
Figure 32. Kelvin or 4–Wire Connection to the Sense Resistor
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12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Device Support
12.1.1 Development Support
LMP8480/1 PSPICE Model
LMP8480/1 TINA Reference Design
TINA-TI SPICE-Based Analog Simulation Program
LMP8480/1 Evaluation Boards
LMP8480/1 Evaluation Board Manual
12.2 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to order now.
Table 2. Related Links
PARTS
PRODUCT FOLDER
ORDER NOW
TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS
TOOLS &
SOFTWARE
SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
LMP8480-Q1
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
LMP8481-Q1
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
12.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
12.4 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
12.5 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
12.7 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
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13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
10-Dec-2020
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
LMP8480ASQDGKRQ1
ACTIVE
VSSOP
DGK
8
3500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
16GX
LMP8480ATQDGKRQ1
ACTIVE
VSSOP
DGK
8
3500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
16HX
LMP8481AHQDGKRQ1
ACTIVE
VSSOP
DGK
8
3500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
16IX
LMP8481ASQDGKRQ1
ACTIVE
VSSOP
DGK
8
3500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
16JX
LMP8481ATQDGKRQ1
ACTIVE
VSSOP
DGK
8
3500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
16KX
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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