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LP2992
SNVS171J – NOVEMBER 2001 – REVISED JANUARY 2017
LP2992 Micropower 250-mA Low-Noise Ultra-Low-Dropout Regulator in SOT-23 and
WSON Packages Designed for Use With Very Low-ESR Output Capacitors
1 Features
3 Description
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•
•
•
•
•
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The LP2992 is a 250-mA, fixed-output voltage
regulator designed to provide ultra-low dropout and
low noise in battery-powered applications.
1
•
•
Input Voltage Range: 2.2 V to 16 V
Output Voltage Range: 1.5 V to 5 V
Wide Supply Voltage Range (16-V Maximum)
Output Voltage Accuracy 1% (A Grade)
Ultra-Low-Dropout Voltage
Specified 250-mA Output Current
Stable With Low-ESR Output Capacitor
< 1-µA Quiescent Current When Shut Down
Low Ground Pin Current at All Loads
High Peak Current Capability
Low ZOUT: 0.3-Ω Typical (10 Hz to 1 MHz)
Overtemperature and Overcurrent Protection
−40°C to +125°C Junction Temperature Range
Smallest Possible Size (SOT-23, WSON
Package)
Requires Minimum External Components
Custom Voltages Available
Using an optimized vertically integrated PNP (VIP)
process, the LP2992 delivers unequaled performance
in all specifications critical to battery-powered
designs:
• Dropout voltage: Typically 450 mV at 250-mA
load, and 5 mV at 1-mA load.
• Ground pin current: Typically 1500 µA at 250-mA
load, and 75 µA at 1-mA load.
• Enhanced stability: The LP2992 is stable with
output capacitor equivalent series resistance
(ESR) as low as 5 mΩ, which allows the use of
ceramic capacitors on the output.
• Sleep mode: Less than 1-µA quiescent current
when ON/OFF pin is pulled low.
• Smallest possible size: SOT-23 and WSON
packages use absolute minimum board space.
• Precision output: 1% tolerance output voltages
available (A grade).
• Low noise: By adding a 10-nF bypass capacitor,
output noise can be reduced to 30 µV (typical).
• Multiple voltage options, from 1.5 V to 5 V, are
available as standard products. Consult factory for
custom voltages.
2 Applications
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•
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Cellular Phones
Palmtop/Laptop Computers
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
Camcorders, Personal Stereos, Cameras
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
LP2992
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
WSON (6)
3.29 mm × 2.92 mm
SOT-23 (5)
2.90 mm × 1.60 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
Simplified Schematic
VIN
IN
VOUT
OUT
CIN
LP2992
COUT
GND
VON/OFF
ON/OFF
ON
OFF
BYPASS
CBYPASS
Copyright © 2017, Texas Instruments Incorporated
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LP2992
SNVS171J – NOVEMBER 2001 – REVISED JANUARY 2017
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
3
4
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
4
4
4
5
5
7
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Detailed Description ............................................ 13
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Overview .................................................................
Functional Block Diagram .......................................
Feature Description.................................................
Device Functional Modes........................................
13
13
13
14
8
Application and Implementation ........................ 15
8.1 Application Information............................................ 15
8.2 Typical Application ................................................. 15
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 20
10 Layout................................................................... 21
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 21
10.2 Layout Examples................................................... 21
10.3 WSON Mounting ................................................... 21
11 Device and Documentation Support ................. 22
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
Documentation Support ........................................
Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
22
22
22
22
22
22
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 22
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision I (November 2015) to Revision J
Page
•
Deleted specific values from capacitors in Simplified Schematic drawing ............................................................................ 1
•
Added Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates ................................................................................................... 22
Changes from Revision H (January 2015) to Revision I
Page
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Added top navigator icon for TI Design ................................................................................................................................. 1
•
Changed "174.2°C/W" to "169.7°C/W" in footnote 3 to Abs Max table. ................................................................................ 4
•
Changed ESD Ratings table to differentiate different values for different pins/packages. .................................................... 4
•
Added new footnotes 2 and 3 to Thermal Information table; update thermal values for DBV (SOT-23) package. ............... 5
•
Added Power Dissipation and Estimating Junction Temperature subsections ................................................................... 18
•
Added additional related document links ............................................................................................................................. 22
Changes from Revision G (March 2013) to Revision H
•
Added Device Information and ESD Ratings tables, Pin Configuration and Functions, Feature Description , Device
Functional Modes, Application and Implementation, Power Supply Recommendations, Layout , Device and
Documentation Support , and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information sections; update Thermal Values
and pin names ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Changes from Revision F (March 2013) to Revision G
•
2
Page
Page
Changed Changed layout of National Semiconductor data sheet to TI format ..................................................................... 1
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
DBV Package
5-Pin SOT-23
Top View
NGD Package
6-Pin WSON
Top View
Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
I/O
DESCRIPTION
DBV
NAME
NGD
BYPASS
4
BYPASS
1
I
Bypass capacitor for low-noise operation.
GND
2
GND
2
–
Ground.
IN
1
IN
4
I
Unregulated input voltage.
–
–
N/C
5
–
No internal connection. Connect to GND or leave open.
ON/OFF
3
ON/OFF
3
I
A low voltage on this pin disables the device, and the regulator enters
a sleep mode. A high voltage on this pin enables the device.
OUT
5
OUT
6
O
Regulated output voltage. This pin requires an output capacitor to
maintain stability. See the Detailed Design Procedure for output
capacitor details.
—
—
DAP
Exposed
thermal pad
—
The exposed die attach pad on the bottom of the package must be
connected to a copper thermal pad on the PCB at ground potential.
Connect to ground potential or leave floating. Do not connect to any
potential other than the same ground potential seen at device pin 2.
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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) (2)
MIN
Lead temperature (soldering, 5 seconds)
Power dissipation
(3)
MAX
UNIT
260
°C
Internally Limited
Input supply voltage (survival)
−0.3
16
V
Shutdown input voltage (survival)
−0.3
16
V
−0.3
9
V
Output voltage (survival)
(4)
IOUT (survival)
Short-circuit protected
Input-output voltage (survival) (5)
−0.3
16
V
Storage temperature, Tstg
−65
150
°C
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
If Military- or Aerospace-specified devices are required, contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and
specifications.
The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal
resistance, RθJA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated
using:
P(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) – TA) / RθJA
Where the value of RθJA for the SOT-23 package is 169.7°C/W in a typical PC board mounting and the WSON package is 72.3°C/W.
Exceeding the maximum allowable dissipation causes excessive die temperature, and the regulator goes into thermal shutdown.
If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP2992 output must be diode-clamped to
ground.
The output PNP structure contains a diode between the IN to OUT pins that is normally reverse-biased. Reversing the polarity from VIN
to VOUT turns on this diode.
6.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
Electrostatic
discharge
V(ESD)
(1)
Human body model (HBM), per
ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1)
Pins 3 and 4 (SOT)
Pins 1 and 3 (WSON)
±1000
All pins except 3 and 4 (SOT)
All pins except 1 and 3 (WSON)
±2000
UNIT
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
VIN
Input supply voltage
VON/OFF
ON/OFF input voltage
IOUT
Output current
TJ
Operating junction temperature
(1)
4
MIN
MAX
2.2 (1)
16
0
–40
UNIT
V
VIN
V
250
mA
125
°C
Recommended minimum VIN is the greater of 2.2 V or VOUT + rated dropout voltage (maximum) for operating load current.
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6.4 Thermal Information
LP2992
THERMAL METRIC (1)
DBV (SOT-23)
NGD (WSON) (2)
5 PINS
6 PINS
UNIT
RθJA (3)
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
169.7
72.3
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance, High K
122.6
81.6
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
29.9
39.5
°C/W
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
16.7
2.0
°C/W
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
29.4
39.2
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
n/a
11.6
°C/W
(1)
(2)
(3)
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics.
The PCB for the NGD (WSON) package RθJA includes two (2) thermal vias under the exposed thermal pad per EIA/JEDEC JESD51-5.
Thermal resistance value RθJA is based on the EIA/JEDEC High-K printed circuit board defined by: JESD51-7 - High Effective Thermal
Conductivity Test Board for Leaded Surface Mount Packages.
6.5 Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V, IL = 1 mA, CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VON/OFF = 2 V. MIN (minimum) and
MAX (maximum) limits apply over the recommended operating temperature range unless otherwise noted; typical limits apply
for TA = TJ = 25°C.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
TYP
ΔVOUT/ΔVIN
Output voltage tolerance
Output voltage line regulation
−1.5
1.5
−2.5
2.5
1 mA ≤ IL ≤ 50 mA
−2.5
2.5
−3.5
3.5 %VNOM
1 mA ≤ IL ≤ 250 mA, TJ = 25°C
−3.5
3.5
−4
4
1 mA ≤ IL ≤ 250 mA
−4.5
4.5
−5
5
VOUT(NOM) + 1 V ≤ VIN ≤ 16 V
TJ = 25°C
0.007
0.014
0.014
0.032
0.032
2.05
2.2
2.2
0.5
2.5
2.5
4
4
IL = 1 mA, TJ = 25°C
5
IL = 1 mA
IL = 50 mA, TJ = 25°C
100
IL = 50 mA
IL = 150 mA, TJ = 25°C
260
IL = 150 mA
IL = 250 mA, TJ = 25°C
450
IL = 250 mA
(2)
UNIT
1
IL = 0 mA
(1)
MAX
1.5
Minimum input voltage required to maintain output regulation
Dropout voltage (2)
MIN
−1
IL = 0 mA, TJ = 25°C
VIN – VOUT
MAX
−1.5
VOUT(NOM) + 1 V ≤ VIN ≤ 16 V
VIN(min)
MIN
LP2992I-X.X (1)
1 mA ≤ IL ≤ 50 mA, TJ = 25°C
IL = 1 mA, TJ = 25°C
ΔVOUT
LP2992AI-X.X (1)
9
9
12
12
125
125
180
180
325
325
470
470
575
575
850
850
%/V
V
mV
Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are specified through correlation using
Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate TI's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
VIN must be the greater of 2.2 V or VOUT(NOM) + dropout voltage to maintain output regulation. Dropout voltage is defined as the input-tooutput differential at which the output voltage drops 2% below the value measured with a 1-V differential.
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Unless otherwise specified: VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V, IL = 1 mA, CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VON/OFF = 2 V. MIN (minimum) and
MAX (maximum) limits apply over the recommended operating temperature range unless otherwise noted; typical limits apply
for TA = TJ = 25°C.
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
TYP
IL = 0 mA, TJ = 25°C
LP2992AI-X.X (1)
MIN
65
IL = 0 mA
IL = 1 mA, TJ = 25°C
75
IL = 1 mA
IL = 50 mA, TJ = 25°C
IGND
Ground pin current
350
IL = 50 mA
IL = 150 mA, TJ = 25°C
850
IL = 150 mA
IL = 250 mA, TJ = 25°C
1500
IL = 250 mA
VON/OFF
ON/OFF input voltage (3)
ION/OFF
ON/OFF input current
en
MAX
LP2992I-X.X (1)
MIN
MAX
95
95
125
125
110
110
170
170
600
600
1000
1000
1500
1500
2500
2500
2300
2300
4000
4000
0.8
0.8
VON/OFF < 0.3 V, TJ = 25°C
0.01
VON/OFF < 0.15 V
0.05
High = O/P ON
1.4
Low = O/P OFF
0.55
0.15
0.15
VON/OFF = 0
2
1.6
UNIT
µA
2
1.6
V
0.01
–2
–2
VON/OFF = 5 V
5
15
15
Output noise voltage (RMS)
Bandwidth = 300 Hz to 50 kHz
COUT = 10 µF
CBYPASS = 10 nF
30
µV
ΔVOUT/ΔVIN
Ripple rejection
f = 1 kHz, CBYPASS = 10 nF
COUT = 10 µF
45
dB
IO(SC)
Short-circuit current
RL = 0 (steady state) (4)
400
mA
IO(PK)
Peak output current
VOUT ≥ VO(NOM) – 5%
350
mA
(3)
(4)
6
µA
The ON/OFF input must be properly driven to prevent possible mis-operation. For details, see Operation with ON/OFF Control.
The LP2992 has thermal foldback current limiting which allows a high peak current when VOUT > 0.5 V, and then reduces the maximum
output current as VOUT is forced to ground (see Typical Characteristics curves).
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6.6 Typical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified: CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V, TA = 25°C, ON/OFF pin is tied to the IN pin.
Figure 1. VOUT vs Temperature
Figure 2. Short-Circuit Current
Figure 3. Short-Circuit Current
Figure 4. Short-Circuit Current vs Output Voltage
Figure 5. Ripple Rejection
Figure 6. Ripple Rejection
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Unless otherwise specified: CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V, TA = 25°C, ON/OFF pin is tied to the IN pin.
8
Figure 7. Ripple Rejection
Figure 8. Ripple Rejection
Figure 9. Ripple Rejection
Figure 10. Ripple Rejection
Figure 11. Ripple Rejection
Figure 12. Ripple Rejection
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Unless otherwise specified: CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V, TA = 25°C, ON/OFF pin is tied to the IN pin.
Figure 13. Ripple Rejection
Figure 14. Output Impedance vs Frequency
Figure 15. Output Impedance vs Frequency
Figure 16. Output Noise Density
Figure 17. Output Noise Density
Figure 18. GND Pin vs Load Current
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Unless otherwise specified: CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V, TA = 25°C, ON/OFF pin is tied to the IN pin.
10
Figure 19. Dropout Voltage vs Temperature
Figure 20. Input Current vs Pin
Figure 21. IGND vs Load and Temperature
Figure 22. Instantaneous Short-Circuit Current
Figure 23. Load Transient Response
Figure 24. Load Transient Response
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Unless otherwise specified: CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V, TA = 25°C, ON/OFF pin is tied to the IN pin.
Figure 25. Load Transient Response
Figure 26. Line Transient Response
Figure 27. Line Transient Response
Figure 28. Line Transient Response
Figure 29. Line Transient Response
Figure 30. Turnon Time
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Unless otherwise specified: CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 4.7 µF, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1 V, TA = 25°C, ON/OFF pin is tied to the IN pin.
Figure 32. Turnon Time
Figure 31. Turnon Time
Figure 33. Turnon Time
12
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The LP2992 family of fixed-output, ultralow-dropout, and low-noise regulators offer exceptional and cost-effective
performance for battery-powered applications. Available in output voltages from 1.5 V to 5 V, the family has an
output tolerance of 1% for the A version and is capable of delivering 250-mA continuous load current. Using an
optimized vertically integrated PNP (VIP) process, the LP2992 delivers unequaled performance. The dropout
voltage and the GND pin current with 250 mA of load current are typically 450 mV and 1500 µA, respectively.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 Sleep Mode
When the ON/OFF pin is pulled low, the LP2992 enters a sleep mode, and less than 1-µA quiescent current is
consumed. This function is designed for the application which needs a sleep mode to effectively enhance battery
life cycle.
7.3.2 Low Ground Current
The LP2992 uses a vertical PNP process which allows for quiescent currents which are considerably lower than
those associated with traditional lateral PNP regulators, typically 1500 µA at 250-mA load and 75 µA at 1-mA
load.
7.3.3 Low Noise
The LP2992 includes a low-noise reference ensuring minimal noise during operation because the internal
reference is normally the dominant term in a noise analysis. Further noise reduction can be achieved by adding
an external bypass capacitor between the BYPASS pin and the GND pin. For more detailed information on noise
reduction using the BYPASS pin, see Noise Bypass Capacitor.
7.3.4 Enhanced Stability
The LP2992 is designed specifically to work with ceramic output capacitors using circuitry that allows the
regulator to be stable across the entire range of output current with an output capacitor whose ESR is as low as
5 mΩ. For output capacitor requirements, see Output Capacitor.
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Feature Description (continued)
7.3.5 Overcurrent Protection
The internal current-limit circuit is used to protect the LDO against high-current faults or shorting events. The
LDO is not designed to operate in a steady-state current limit. During a current-limit event, the LDO sources
constant current. Therefore, the output voltage falls when the output impedance decreases. Note also that if a
current limit occurs and the resulting output voltage is low, excessive power may be dissipated across the LDO,
resulting in a thermal shutdown of the output.
The LP2992 is featured with the foldback current limit that allows a high peak current when VOUT > 0.5 V, and
then reduces the maximum output current as VOUT is forced to ground.
7.3.6 Overtemperature Protection
The LP2992 is designed with the thermal shutdown circuitry to turn off the output when excessive heat is
dissipated in the LDO. The internal protection circuitry of the LP2992 is designed to protect against thermal
overload conditions. Continuously running the device into thermal shutdown degrades its reliability.
7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Operation with VOUT(TARGET) + 0.9 V ≥ VIN ≥ 16 V
The LP2992 operates if the input voltage is equal to or exceeds VOUT(TARGET) + 0.9 V. At input voltages below the
minimum VIN requirement, the device does not operate correctly and output voltage may not reach a target value.
7.4.2 Operation with ON/OFF Control
If the voltage on the ON/OFF pin is less than 0.15 V, the device is disabled and, in this shutdown state, current
does not exceed 2 µA. Raising the voltage at the ON/OFF pin above 1.6 V initiates the start-up sequence of the
device. If this feature is not to be used, the ON/OFF input must be tied to VIN to keep the regulator output on at
all times.
To assure proper operation, the signal source used to drive the ON/OFF input must be able to swing above and
below the specified turnon/turnoff voltage thresholds listed in the Electrical Characteristics section under VON/OFF.
To prevent mis-operation, the turnon (and turnoff) voltage signals applied to the ON/OFF input must have a slew
rate which is ≥ 40 mV/µs.
CAUTION
The regulator output voltage can not be ensured if a slow-moving AC (or DC) signal is
applied that is in the range between the specified turnon and turnoff voltages listed
under the electrical specification VON/OFF (see Electrical Characteristics).
14
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The LP2992 is a 250-mA, fixed-output voltage regulator designed to provide ultralow-dropout and low noise in
battery powered applications. The device is stable with output capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR) as
low as 5 mΩ which allows the use of ceramic capacitors on the output.
At 250-mA loading, the dropout voltage of the LP2992 is 850 mV maximum over temperature; thus, 1000-mV
headroom is sufficient for operation over input and output voltage accuracy. The efficiency of the LP2992 in this
configuration is VOUT/VIN = 76.7%. To achieve the smallest form factor, the SOT-23 package is selected.
Input and output capacitors are selected in accordance with Capacitor Characteristics. Ceramic capacitance of
1 µF for the input and that of 4.7 µF for the output are selected. With efficiency of 76.7% and a 250-mA load
current, the internal power dissipation is 250 mW, which corresponds to 43.55°C junction temperature rise for the
SOT-23 package. To minimize noise, a bypass capacitor (CBYPASS) of 0.01 µF is selected.
8.2 Typical Application
*ON/OFF input must be actively terminated. Tie to the IN pin if this function is not to be used.
**Minimum capacitance is shown to ensure stability (may be increased without limit). Ceramic capacitor required for
output (see Output Capacitor).
***Reduces output noise (may be omitted if application is not noise critical). Use ceramic or film type with very low
leakage current (see Capacitor Characteristics).
Figure 34. Basic Application Circuit
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Typical Application (continued)
8.2.1 Design Requirements
For basic design parameters, see Table 1.
Table 1. Design Parameters
DESIGN PARAMETER
VALUE
Input voltage
4.3 V
Output voltage
3.3 V
Output current
150 mA (maximum)
1 mA (minimum)
Output capacitor range
4.7 µF
8.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
8.2.2.1 External Capacitors
Like any low-dropout regulator, the LP2992 requires external capacitors for regulator stability. These capacitors
must be correctly selected for good performance.
8.2.2.1.1 Input Capacitor
An input capacitor whose capacitance is ≥ 1 µF is required between the LP2992 input and ground (the amount of
capacitance may be increased without limit).
This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 1 cm from the IN pin and returned to a clean analog
ground. Any good quality ceramic, tantalum, or film capacitor may be used at the input.
NOTE
Tantalum capacitors can suffer catastrophic failure due to surge current when connected
to a low-impedance source of power (like a battery or very large capacitor). If a tantalum
capacitor is used at the input, it must be specified by the manufacturer to have a surge
current rating sufficient for the application.
There are no requirements for ESR on the input capacitor, but tolerance and temperature coefficient must be
considered when selecting the capacitor to ensure the capacitance is ≥ 1 µF over the entire operating
temperature range.
8.2.2.1.2 Output Capacitor
The LP2992 is designed specifically to work with ceramic output capacitors, using circuitry that allows the
regulator to be stable across the entire range of output current with an output capacitor whose ESR is as low as
5 mΩ. It may also be possible to use tantalum or film capacitors at the output, but these are not as attractive for
reasons of size and cost (see Capacitor Characteristics).
The output capacitor must meet the requirement for minimum amount of capacitance and also have an ESR
value which is within the stable range. Curves are provided which show the stable ESR range as a function of
load current (see Figure 35).
16
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Figure 35. Stable ESR Range vs Load Current
The output capacitor must maintain its ESR within the stable region over the full operating temperature range of
the application to assure stability.
The LP2992 requires a minimum of 4.7 µF on the output (output capacitor size can be increased without limit).
It is important to remember that capacitor tolerance and variation with temperature must be taken into
consideration when selecting an output capacitor so that the minimum required amount of output capacitance is
provided over the full operating temperature range. It must be noted that ceramic capacitors can exhibit large
changes in capacitance with temperature (see Capacitor Characteristics).
The output capacitor must be located not more than 1 cm from the output pin and returned to a clean analog
ground.
8.2.2.1.3 Noise Bypass Capacitor
Connecting a 10-nF capacitor to the BYPASS pin significantly reduces noise on the regulator output. It should be
noted that the capacitor is connected directly to a high-impedance circuit in the bandgap reference.
Because this circuit has only a few microamperes flowing in it, any significant loading on this node causes a
change in the regulated output voltage. For this reason, dc leakage current through the noise bypass capacitor
must never exceed 100 nA, and must be kept as low as possible for best output voltage accuracy.
The types of capacitors best suited for the noise bypass capacitor are ceramic and film. High-quality ceramic
capacitors with either NPO or COG dielectric typically have very low leakage. 10-nF polypropolene and
polycarbonate film capacitors are available in small surface-mount packages and typically have extremely low
leakage current.
8.2.2.2 Capacitor Characteristics
The LP2992 was designed to work with ceramic capacitors on the output to take advantage of the benefits they
offer. For capacitance values in the 2.2-µF to 10-µF range, ceramics are the least expensive and also have the
lowest ESR values (which makes them best for eliminating high-frequency noise). The ESR of a typical 4.7-µF
ceramic capacitor is in the range of 5 mΩ to 10 mΩ, which easily meets the ESR limits required for stability by
the LP2992.
One disadvantage of ceramic capacitors is that their capacitance can vary with temperature. Most large value
ceramic capacitors (≥ 2.2 µF) are manufactured with the Z5U or Y5V temperature characteristic, which results in
the capacitance dropping by more than 50% as the temperature goes from 25°C to 85°C.
This could cause problems if a 4.7-µF capacitor were used on the output because it drops down to approximately
2.3 µF at high ambient temperatures (which could cause the LP2992 to oscillate). If Z5U or Y5V capacitors are
used on the output, a minimum capacitance value of 10 µF must be observed.
A better choice for temperature coefficient in ceramic capacitors is X7R, which holds the capacitance within
±15%. Unfortunately, the larger values of capacitance are not offered by all manufacturers in the X7R dielectric.
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8.2.2.2.1 Tantalum
Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramics for use as output capacitors because they are more
expensive when comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage ratings in the 1-µF to 4.7-µF range.
Another important consideration is that tantalum capacitors have higher ESR values than equivalent size
ceramics. This means that while it may be possible to find a Tantalum capacitor with an ESR value within the
stable range, it would have to be larger in capacitance (which means bigger and more costly) than a ceramic
capacitor with the same ESR value.
It should also be noted that the ESR of a typical tantalum increases about 2:1 as the temperature goes from
25°C down to −40°C, so some guard band must be allowed.
8.2.2.3 Reverse Input-Output Voltage
The PNP power transistor used as the pass element in the LP2992 has an inherent diode connected between
the regulator output and input. During normal operation (where the input voltage is higher than the output) this
diode is reverse-biased.
However, if the output is pulled above the input, this diode turns ON and current flows into the regulator output.
In such cases, a parasitic SCR can latch which allows a high current to flow into VIN (and out the ground pin),
which can damage the part.
In any application where the output may be pulled above the input, an external Schottky diode must be
connected from VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on VOUT), to limit the reverse voltage across the LP2992 to
0.3 V (see Absolute Maximum Ratings).
8.2.2.4 Power Dissipation
Knowing the device power dissipation and proper sizing of the thermal plane connected to the tab or pad is
critical to ensuring reliable operation. Device power dissipation depends on input voltage, output voltage, and
load conditions and can be calculated with Equation 1.
PD(MAX) = (VIN(MAX) – VOUT) × IOUT
(1)
Power dissipation can be minimized, and greater efficiency can be achieved, by using the lowest available
voltage drop option that would still be greater than the dropout voltage (VDO). However, keep in mind that higher
voltage drops result in better dynamic (that is, PSRR and transient) performance.
On the WSON (NGD) package, the primary conduction path for heat is through the exposed power pad to the
PCB. To ensure the device does not overheat, connect the exposed pad, through thermal vias, to an internal
ground plane with an appropriate amount of copper PCB area.
On the SOT-23 (DBV) package, the primary conduction path for heat is through the pins to the PCB. The
maximum allowable junction temperature (TJ(MAX))determines maximum power dissipation allowed (PD(MAX)) for
the device package.
Power dissipation and junction temperature are most often related by the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
(RθJA) of the combined PCB and device package and the temperature of the ambient air (TA), according to
Equation 2 or Equation 2:
TJ(MAX) = TA(MAX) + ( RθJA × PD(MAX))
PD = TJ(MAX) – TA(MAX) / RθJA
(2)
(3)
Unfortunately, this RθJA is highly dependent on the heat-spreading capability of the particular PCB design, and
therefore varies according to the total copper area, copper weight, and location of the planes. The RθJA recorded
in Thermal Information is determined by the specific EIA/JEDEC JESD51-7 standard for PCB and copperspreading area, and is to be used only as a relative measure of package thermal performance. For a welldesigned thermal layout, RθJA is actually the sum of the package junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
(RθJCbot) plus the thermal resistance contribution by the PCB copper area acting as a heat sink.
18
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8.2.2.5 Estimating Junction Temperature
The EIA/JEDEC standard recommends the use of psi (Ψ) thermal characteristics to estimate the junction
temperatures of surface mount devices on a typical PCB board application. These characteristics are not true
thermal resistance values, but rather package specific thermal characteristics that offer practical and relative
means of estimating junction temperatures. These psi metrics are determined to be significantly independent of
copper-spreading area. The key thermal characteristics (ΨJT and ΨJB) are given in Thermal Information and are
used in accordance with Equation 4 or Equation 5.
TJ(MAX) = TTOP + (ΨJT × PD(MAX))
where
•
•
PD(MAX) is explained in Equation 3
TTOP is the temperature measured at the center-top of the device package.
TJ(MAX) = TBOARD + (ΨJB × PD(MAX))
(4)
where
•
•
PD(MAX) is explained in Equation 3.
TBOARD is the PCB surface temperature measured 1-mm from the device package and centered on the
package edge.
(5)
For more information about the thermal characteristics ΨJT and ΨJB, see Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal
Metrics; for more information about measuring TTOP and TBOARD, Using New Thermal Metrics (SBVA025); and for
more information about the EIA/JEDEC JESD51 PCB used for validating RθJA, see Thermal Characteristics of
Linear and Logic Packages Using JEDEC PCB Designs. These application notes are available at www.ti.com.
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8.2.3 Application Curves
Figure 36. Load Transient Response
Figure 37. Load Transient Response
Figure 38. Line Transient Response
Figure 39. Line Transient Response
Figure 40. Turnon Time
Figure 41. Turnon Time
9 Power Supply Recommendations
The LP2992 is designed to operate from an input voltage supply range from 2.2 V to 16 V. The input voltage
range provides the adequate headroom in order for the device to have a regulated output. This input supply must
be well regulated. If the input supply is noisy, additional input capacitors with low ESR can help to improve the
output noise performance.
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10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
For best overall performance, place all circuit components on the same side of the circuit board and as near as
practical to the respective LDO pin connections. Place ground return connections to the input and output
capacitors, and to the LDO ground pin as close as possible to each other, connected by a wide, component-side,
copper surface. The use of vias and long traces to create LDO circuit connections is strongly discouraged and
negatively affects system performance. This grounding and layout scheme minimizes inductive parasitics, and
thereby reduces load-current transients, minimizes noise, and increases circuit stability.
TI also recommends a ground reference plane either embedded in the PCB itself or located on the bottom side of
the PCB opposite the components. This reference plane serves to assure accuracy of the output voltage, shield
noise, and behaves similar to a thermal plane to spread (or sink) heat from the LDO device. In most applications,
this ground plane is necessary to meet thermal requirements.
10.2 Layout Examples
VOUT
VIN
1
IN
OUT
5
COUT
CIN
2
GND
3
ON/
OFF
Power Ground
CBYPASS
VON/OFF
BYPASS
4
Figure 42. LP2992 SOT-23 Package Typical Layout
VBYPASS
1
6
CBYPASS
Power Ground
VOUT
COUT
2
GND
5
CIN
VON/OFF
3
4
VIN
Figure 43. LP2992 WSON Package Typical Layout
10.3 WSON Mounting
The WSON package requires specific mounting techniques which are detailed in AN-1187 Leadless Leadframe
Package (LLP). Referring to the section PCB Design Recommendations, note that the pad style which must be
used with the WSON package is the NSMD (non-solder mask defined) type.
The thermal dissipation of the WSON package is directly related to the printed circuit board construction and the
amount of additional copper area.
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Documentation Support
11.1.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation see the following:
• AN-1187 Leadless Leadframe Package (LLP)
• Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics
• Using New Thermal Metrics (SBVA025)
• Thermal Characteristics of Linear and Logic Packages Using JEDEC PCB Designs
11.2 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
11.3 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.4 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.6 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
30-Nov-2022
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
LP2992AILD-1.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L011A
Samples
LP2992AILD-1.8/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
1000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L012A
Samples
LP2992AILD-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
1000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L014A
Samples
LP2992AILD-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
1000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L015A
Samples
LP2992AILDX-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
4500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L014A
Samples
LP2992AILDX-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
4500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L015A
Samples
LP2992AIM5-1.5/NOPB
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFBA
LP2992AIM5-1.8/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFCA
LP2992AIM5-2.5
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFDA
LP2992AIM5-2.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFDA
LP2992AIM5-3.3
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFEA
LP2992AIM5-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFEA
Samples
LP2992AIM5-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFFA
Samples
LP2992AIM5X-1.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFBA
Samples
LP2992AIM5X-1.8/NOPB
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFCA
LP2992AIM5X-2.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFDA
Samples
LP2992AIM5X-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFEA
Samples
LP2992AIM5X-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFFA
Samples
LP2992ILD-1.8/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
1000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L012A
B
Samples
LP2992ILD-2.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L013A
B
Samples
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
Orderable Device
30-Nov-2022
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
LP2992ILD-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
1000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L014A
B
Samples
LP2992ILD-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
1000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L015A
B
Samples
LP2992ILDX-1.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
4500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L011A
B
Samples
LP2992ILDX-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
4500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU | SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L014A
B
Samples
LP2992ILDX-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
WSON
NGD
6
4500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-40 to 125
L015A
B
Samples
LP2992IM5-1.5/NOPB
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFBB
LP2992IM5-1.8/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFCB
LP2992IM5-2.5
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFDB
LP2992IM5-2.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFDB
LP2992IM5-3.0/NOPB
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
LP2992IM5-3.3
NRND
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
Non-RoHS
& Green
Call TI
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFEB
LP2992IM5-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFEB
Samples
LP2992IM5-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
1000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFFB
Samples
LP2992IM5X-1.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFBB
Samples
LP2992IM5X-1.8/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFCB
Samples
LP2992IM5X-2.5/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFDB
Samples
LP2992IM5X-3.3/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFEB
Samples
LP2992IM5X-5.0/NOPB
ACTIVE
SOT-23
DBV
5
3000
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
LFFB
Samples
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
Addendum-Page 2
Samples
Samples
LF8B
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
30-Nov-2022
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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