SN74V245-EP
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SCAS932A – DECEMBER 2012 – REVISED JANUARY 2013
4096 × 18 DSP-SYNC™ FIRST-IN, FIRST-OUT MEMORY
Check for Samples: SN74V245-EP
FEATURES
1
•
•
•
•
•
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4096 × 18-Bit Organization Array
7.5-ns Read and Write Cycle Time
3.3-V VCC, 5-V Input Tolerant
First-Word or Standard Fall-Through Timing
Single or Double Register-Buffered Empty and
Full Flags
Easily Expandable in Depth and Width
Asynchronous or Coincident Read and Write
Clocks
Asynchronous or Synchronous Programmable
Almost-Empty and Almost-Full Flags With
Default Settings
Half-Full Flag Capability
Output Enable Puts Output Data Bus in HighImpedance State
High-Performance Submicron CMOS
Technology
DSP and Microprocessor Interface Control
Logic
•
•
Provide a DSP Glueless Interface to Texas
Instruments TMS320™ DSPs
Packaged in 64-Pin Thin Quad Flat Package
SUPPORTS DEFENSE, AEROSPACE,
AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Controlled Baseline
One Assembly and Test Site
One Fabrication Site
Available in Military (–55°C to 125°C)
Temperature Range
Extended Product Life Cycle
Extended Product-Change Notification
Product Traceability
DESCRIPTION/ORDERING INFORMATION
The SN74V245 is a very high-speed, low-power CMOS clocked first-in first-out (FIFO) memory. It supports clock
frequencies up to 133 MHz and has read-access times as fast as 5 ns. This DSP-Sync FIFO memory features
read and write controls for use in applications such as DSP-to-processor communication, DSP-to-analog front
end (AFE) buffering, network, video, and data communications.
The SN74V245 is a synchronous FIFO, which means each port employs a synchronous interface. All data
transfers through a port are gated to the low-to-high transition of a continuous (free-running) port clock by enable
signals. The continuous clocks for each port are independent of one another and can be asynchronous or
coincident. The enables for each port are arranged to provide a simple interface between DSPs,
microprocessors, and/or buses controlled by a synchronous interface. An output-enable (OE) input controls the
3-state output.
The synchronous FIFO has two fixed flags, empty flag/output ready (EF/OR) and full flag/input ready (FF/IR), and
two programmable flags, almost-empty (PAE) and almost-full (PAF). The offset loading of the programmable
flags is controlled by a simple state machine, and is initiated by asserting the load pin (LD). A half-full flag (HF) is
available when the FIFO is used in a single-device configuration.
Two timing modes of operation are possible with the SN74V245: first-word fall-through (FWFT) mode and
standard mode.
In FWFT mode, the first word written to an empty FIFO is clocked directly to the data output lines after three
transitions of the RCLK signal. A read enable (REN) does not have to be asserted for accessing the first word.
In standard mode, the first word written to an empty FIFO does not appear on the data output lines unless a
specific read operation is performed. A read operation, which consists of activating REN and enabling a rising
RCLK edge, shifts the word from internal memory to the data output lines.
1
2
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
DSP-SYNC, TMS320 are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2012–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
SN74V245-EP
SCAS932A – DECEMBER 2012 – REVISED JANUARY 2013
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The SN74V245 is depth expandable, using a daisy-chain technique or FWFT mode. The XI and XO pins are
used to expand the FIFOs. In depth-expansion configuration, first load (FL) is grounded on the first device and
set to high for all other devices in the daisy chain.
The SN74V245 is characterized for operation from –55°C to 125°C.
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
ORDERING INFORMATION (1)
(1)
TJ
PACKAGE
ORDERABLE PART NUMBER
TOP-SIDE MARKING
VID NUMBER
–55°C to 125°C
64-pin TQFP (PAG)
SN74V245-15PAGEP
V245-15EP
V62/13606-01XE
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
website at www.ti.com.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
D0–D17
LD
59
WCLK
WEN
19
Input
Register
20
Offset
Register
Write-Control
Logic
25
23
54
17
26
Flag
Logic
RAM ARRAY
512 × 18, 1024 ×18,
2048 × 18, 4096 ×18
Write
Pointer
FL
WXI
(HF)/WXO
RXI
RXO
RS
18
21
26
24
27
Expansion
Logic
57
Reset
Logic
FF/IR
PAF
EF/OR
PAE
HF/(WXO)
Read
Pointer
Read-Control
Logic
Output
Register
58
61
RCLK
OE
60
REN
Q0–Q17
2
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DEVICE INFORMATION
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
D16
D17
GND
RCLK
REN
LD
OE
RS
VCC
GND
EF/OR
Q17
Q16
GND
Q15
VCC
PAG PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Q14
Q13
GND
Q12
Q11
VCC
Q10
Q9
GND
Q8
Q7
Q6
Q5
GND
Q4
VCC
PAE
FL
WCLK
WEN
WXI
VCC
PAF
RXI
FF/IR
WXO/HF
RXO
Q0
Q1
GND
Q2
Q3
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
TERMINAL
NAME
D0–D17
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
1-16, 63, 64
I
Data inputs. Data inputs for an 18-bit bus.
EF/OR
54
O
Memory-empty/valid-data-available flag. In the standard mode, the EF function is selected.
EF indicates whether the FIFO memory is empty. In FWFT mode, the OR function is
selected. OR indicates whether there is valid data available at the outputs.
FF/IR
25
O
Memory-full/space-available flag. In the standard mode, the FF function is selected. FF
indicates whether the FIFO memory is full. In the FWFT mode, the IR function is selected. IR
indicates whether there is space available for writing to the FIFO memory.
I
Mode selection. In the single-device or width-expansion configuration, FL, together with WXI
and RXI, determines if the mode is standard mode or first-word fall-through (FWFT) mode,
as well as whether the PAE/PAF flags are synchronous or asynchronous (see Table 5). In
the daisy-chain depth-expansion configuration, FL is grounded on the first device (first-load
device) and set to high for all other devices in the daisy chain.
FL
GND
18
30, 35, 40, 46, 51,
55, 62
Ground
LD
59
I
Read/write control. When LD is low, data on the inputs D0–D11 is written to the offset and
depth registers on the low-to-high transition of the WCLK, when WEN is low. When LD is
low, data on the outputs Q0–Q11 is read from the offset and depth registers on the low-tohigh transition of RCLK when REN is low.
OE
58
I
Output enable. When OE is low, the data output bus is active. If OE is high, the output data
bus is in the high-impedance state.
PAE
17
O
Programable almost-empty flag. When PAE is low, the FIFO is almost empty, based on the
offset programmed into the FIFO. The default offset at reset is 127 from empty.
PAF
23
O
Programable almost-full flag. When PAF is low, the FIFO is almost full, based on the offset
programmed into the FIFO. The default offset at reset is 127 from full.
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TERMINAL FUNCTIONS (continued)
TERMINAL
I/O
DESCRIPTION
28, 29, 31, 32, 34,
36–39, 41, 42, 44,
45, 47, 48, 50, 52,
53
O
Data outputs. Data outputs for an 18-bit bus.
RCLK
61
I
Read clock. When REN is low, data is read from the FIFO on a low-to-high transition of
RCLK, if the FIFO is not empty.
REN
60
I
Read enable. When REN is low, data is read from the FIFO on every low-to-high transition of
RCLK. When REN is high, the output register holds the previous data. Data is not read from
the FIFO if EF is low.
RS
57
I
Reset. When RS is set low, internal read and write pointers are set to the first location of the
RAM array, FF and PAF go high, and PAE and EF go low. A reset is required before an
initial write after power up.
NAME
NO.
Q0–Q17
RXI
24
I
Read expansion. In the single-device or width-expansion configuration, RXI, together with FL
and WXI, determines if the mode is standard mode or FWFT mode, as well as whether the
PAE/PAF flags are synchronous or asynchronous (see Table 5). In the daisy-chain depthexpansion configuration, RXI is connected to RXO (read expansion out) of the previous
device.
RXO
27
O
Last-location-read flag. In the depth-expansion configuration, a pulse is sent from RXO to
RXI of the next device when the last location in the FIFO is read.
VCC
22, 33, 43, 49, 56
Supply voltage. +3.3-V power-supply pins.
WCLK
19
I
Write clock. When WEN is low, data is written into the FIFO on a low-to-high transition of
WCLK if the FIFO is not full.
WEN
20
I
Write enable. When WEN is low, data is written into the FIFO on every low-to-high transition
of WCLK. When WEN is high, the FIFO holds the previous data. Data is not written into the
FIFO if FF is low.
WXI
21
I
Width expansion. In the single-device or width-expansion configuration, WXI, together with
FL and RXI, determines if the mode is standard mode or FWFT mode, as well as whether
the PAE/PAF flags are synchronous or asynchronous (see Table 5). In the daisy-chain
depth-expansion configuration, WXI is connected to WXO (write expansion out) of the
previous device.
WXO/HF
26
O
Half-full flag. In the single-device or width-expansion configuration, the device is more than
half full when HF is low. In the depth-expansion configuration, a pulse is sent from WXO to
WXI of the next device when the last location in the FIFO is written.
4
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SCAS932A – DECEMBER 2012 – REVISED JANUARY 2013
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
VALUE
Supply voltage range, VCC
–0.5 V to 5 V
Continuous output current, IO (VO = 0 to VCC)
±50 mA
Maximum junction temperature, Tj
150°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg
(1)
–65°C to 150°C
Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (1)
MIN
TYP
MAX
VCC
Supply voltage
3
3.3
3.6
V
VIH
High-level input voltage
2
5
V
VIL
Low-level input voltage
TJ
Operating junction temperature
(1)
–55
UNIT
0.8
V
125
°C
All unused inputs of the device must be held at VCC or GND to ensure proper device operation. Refer to the TI application report,
Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs, literature number SCBA004.
THERMAL INFORMATION
SN74V245
THERMAL METRIC (1)
PAG
UNITS
64 PINS
θJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (2)
θJCtop
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance (3)
5.8
θJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance (4)
19.7
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter (5)
0.2
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter (6)
19.4
θJCbot
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance (7)
N/A
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
46.1
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as
specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a.
The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDECstandard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88.
The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB
temperature, as described in JESD51-8.
The junction-to-top characterization parameter, ψJT, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted
from the simulation data for obtaining θJA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7).
The junction-to-board characterization parameter, ψJB, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted
from the simulation data for obtaining θJA , using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7).
The junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the exposed (power) pad. No specific
JEDEC standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88.
Spacer
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
over recommended operating conditions (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
High-level output voltage
VCC = 3 V, IOH = -2 mA
VOL
Low-level output voltage
VCC = 3 V, IOL = 8 mA
0.4
V
II
Input current
VCC = 3.6 V, VI = VCC to 0.4 V
±1
µA
IOZ
High-impedance output current
VCC = 3.6 V, OE ≥ VIH, VO = VCC to 0.4 V
ICC1
Supply current
VCC = 3.3 V, See
(1) (2)
VCC = 3.6 V, See
(1)
ICC2
CIN
Input capacitance
COUT
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
,
2.4
UNIT
VOH
and
and
V
(3)
(4)
±10
µA
35
mA
5
mA
VI = 0, TA = 25°C, f = 1 MHz
10
pF
VO = 0, TA = 25°C, f = 1 MHz, Output
deslected, (OE ≥ VIH)
10
pF
Tested with outputs disabled (IOUT = 0).
RCLK and WCLK switch at 20 MHz and data inputs switch at 10 MHz.
Typical ICC1 = 2.04 + 0.88 × fSW + 0.02 × CL × fSW (in mA). These equations are valid under the following conditions:
VCC = 3.3 V, TA = 25°C, fSW = WCLK frequency = RCLK frequency (in MHz, using TTL levels), data switching at fSW/2, CL = capacitive
load (in pF).
All inputs = (VCC – 0.2 V) or (GND + 0.2 V), except RCLK and WCLK, which switch at 20 MHz.
xxx
100000
Life (Hrs)
10000
1000
100
10
120
130
140
150
160
170
Operating Junction Temperature (°C)
(1)
See datasheet for absolute maximum and minimum recommended operating conditions.
(2)
Silicon operating life design goal is 100,000 hrs at 106°C junction temperature (does not include package interconnect
life).
(3)
The predicted operating lifetime vs. junction temperature is based on reliability modeling using electromigration as the
dominant failure mechanism affecting device wearout for the specific device process and design characteristics.
Figure 1. Electromigration Fail Mode Derating Chart
6
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TIMING REQUIREMENTS
MIN
MAX
UNIT
66.7
MHz
fclock
Clock cycle frequency
tA
Data access time
1
tCLK
Clock cycle time
16
ns
tCLKH
Clock high time
7
ns
tCLKL
Clock low time
7
ns
tDS
Data setup time
5
ns
tDH
Data hold time
2
ns
tENS
Enable setup time
5
ns
tENH
Enable hold time
2
ns
tLDS
Load setup time
5
ns
tLDH
Load hold time
2
ns
tRS
Reset pulse width (1)
16
ns
tRSS
Reset setup time
10.5
ns
tRSR
Reset recovery time
10.5
tRSF
Reset to flag and output time
tOLZ
Output enable to output in low Z
tOE
Output enable to output valid
1.5
9
ns
tOHZ
Output enable to output in high Z
1.5
9
ns
tWFF
Write clock to Full flag
11
ns
tREF
Read clock to Empty flag
11
ns
tPAFA
Clock to asynchronous programmable Almost-Full flag
21
ns
tPAFS
Write clock to synchronous programmable Almost-Full flag
11
ns
tPAEA
Clock to asynchronous programmable Almost-Empty flag
21
ns
tPAES
Read clock to synchronous programmable Almost-Empty flag
11
ns
tHF
Clock to Half-Full flag
21
ns
tXO
Clock to expansion out
11
ns
tXI
Expansion in pulse duration
7
ns
tXIS
Expansion in setup time
6
ns
tSKEW1
Skew time between read clock and write clock for FF/IR and EF/OR
6.5
ns
tSKEW2
Skew time between read clock and write clock for PAE and PAF (synchronous only)
18.5
ns
(1)
11
ns
ns
16
0
ns
ns
Pulse durations less than minimum values are not allowed.
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PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
AC TEST CONDITIONS
VCC/2
GND to 3.0 V
3 ns
1.5 V
1.5 V
See A
See B and C
Input Pulse Levels
Input Rise/Fall Times
Input Timing Reference Levels
Output Reference Levels
Output Load for tCLK = 10 ns, 15 ns
Output Load for tCLK = 7.5 ns
50 Ω
ZO = 50 Ω
I/O
B. AC TEST LOAD FOR 7.5 SPEED GRADE
3.3 V
From Output
Under Test
510 Ω
30 pF
(see Note A)
Typical – ∆t CD – ns
6
330 Ω
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Capacitance – pF
A. OUTPUT LOAD CIRCUIT
FOR 10, 15, AND 20 SPEED GRADES
A.
C. LUMPED CAPACITIVE LOAD, TYPICAL DERATING
Includes probe and jig capacitance
Figure 2. Load Circuits
8
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
INPUTS:
DATA IN (D0–D17)
Data inputs for 18-bit-wide data.
CONTROLS:
RESET (RS)
Reset is accomplished when RS is taken low. During reset, both internal read and write pointers are set to the
first location. A reset is required after power up before a write operation can take place. The half-full flag (HF)
and programmable almost-full flag (PAF) is reset to high after tRSF. The programmable almost-empty flag (PAE)
is reset to low after tRSF. The full flag (FF) resets to high. The empty flag (EF) resets to low in standard mode, but
resets to high in FWFT mode. During reset, the output register is initialized to all zeros, and the offset registers
are initialized to their default values.
WRITE CLOCK (WCLK)
A write cycle is initiated on the low-to-high transition of WCLK. Data setup and hold times must be met with
respect to the low-to-high transition of WCLK.
The write and read clocks can be asynchronous or coincident.
WRITE ENABLE (WEN)
When WEN is low, data can be loaded into the FIFO RAM array on the rising edge of every WCLK cycle if the
device is not full. Data is stored in the RAM array sequentially and independently of any ongoing read operation.
When WEN is high, no new data is written in the RAM array on each WCLK cycle.
To prevent data overflow in the standard mode, FF goes low, inhibiting further write operations. Upon completion
of a valid read cycle, FF goes high, allowing a write to occur. The FF flag is updated on the rising edge of WCLK.
To prevent data overflow in the FWFT mode, IR goes high, inhibiting further write operations. Upon completion of
a valid read cycle, IR goes low, allowing a write to occur. The IR flag is updated on the rising edge of WCLK.
WEN is ignored when the FIFO is full in either FWFT or standard mode.
READ CLOCK (RCLK)
Data can be read on the outputs on the low-to-high transition of RCLK when OE is low.
The write and read clocks can be asynchronous or coincident.
READ ENABLE (REN)
When REN is low, data is loaded from the RAM array into the output register on the rising edge of every RCLK
cycle if the device is not empty.
When REN is high, the output register holds the previous data and no new data is loaded into the output register.
Data outputs Q0–Qn maintain the previous data value.
In the standard mode, every word accessed at Qn, including the first word written to an empty FIFO, must be
requested using REN. When the last word has been read from the FIFO, the empty flag (EF) goes low, inhibiting
further read operations. REN is ignored when the FIFO is empty. After a write is performed, EF goes high,
allowing a read to occur. The EF flag is updated on the rising edge of RCLK.
In the FWFT mode, the first word written to an empty FIFO automatically goes to the outputs Qn, on the third
valid low-to-high transition of RCLK + tSKEW after the first write. REN need not be asserted low. To access all
other words, a read must be executed using REN. The RCLK low-to-high transition after the last word has been
read from the FIFO, output ready (OR) goes high with a true read (RCLK with REN low), inhibiting further read
operations. REN is ignored when the FIFO is empty.
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OUTPUT ENABLE (OE)
When OE is low, the parallel output buffers transmit data from the output register. When OE is high, the Q-output
data bus is in the high-impedance state.
LOAD (LD)
The SN74V245 contains two 12-bit offset registers with data on the inputs, or read on the outputs. When LD is
low and WEN is low, data on the inputs D0–D11 is written into the empty offset register on the first low-to-high
transition of the write clock (WCLK). When LD and WEN are held low, data is written into the full offset register
on the second low-to-high transition of WCLK (see Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3). The third transition of WCLK
again writes to the empty-offset register.
However, writing to all offset registers need not occur at one time. One or two offset registers can be written and
then, by bringing LD high, the FIFO is returned to normal read/write operation. When LD is low, and WEN is low,
the next offset register in sequence is written.
Table 1. Writing to Offset Registers
(1)
SELECTION (1)
LD
WEN
WCLK
L
L
↑
Writing to offset registers:
Empty offset
Full offset
L
H
↑
No operation
H
L
↑
Write into FIFO
H
H
↑
No operation
The same selection sequence applies to reading from the registers.
REN is enabled and read is performed on the low-to-high transition
of RCLK.
Table 2. Empty Offset Register Location and Default Values (1)
17
12 11
0
Empty Offset Register
Not used
Default value
007FH
(1)
Any bits of the offset register not being programmed should be set to zero.
Table 3. Full Offset Register Location and Default Values (1)
17
12 11
0
Full Offset Register
Not used
Default value
007FH
(1)
Any bits of the offset register not being programmed should be set to zero.
When LD is low and WEN is high, the WCLK input is disabled; then, a signal at this input can neither increment
the write-offset-register pointer, nor execute a write.
The contents of the offset registers can be read on the output lines when LD is low and REN is low; then, data
can be read on the low-to-high transition of RCLK. Reading the control registers employs a dedicated readoffset-register pointer (the read and write pointers operate independently). Offset register content can be read out
in the standard mode only. It is inhibited in the FWFT mode.
A read from and a write to the offset registers should not be performed simultaneously.
FIRST LOAD (FL)
For the single-device mode, see Table 6 for additional information. In the daisy-chain depth-expansion
configuration, FL is grounded to indicate it is the first device loaded and is set high for all other devices in the
daisy chain (see Operating Configurations for further details).
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WRITE EXPANSION INPUT (WXI)
This is a dual-purpose pin. For single-device mode, see Table 6 for additional information. WXI is connected to
write expansion out (WXO) of the previous device in the daisy-chain depth-expansion mode.
READ EXPANSION INPUT (RXI)
This is a dual-purpose pin. For single-device mode, see Table 6 for additional information. RXI is connected to
read expansion out (RXO) of the previous device in the daisy-chain depth-expansion mode.
OUTPUTS:
FULL FLAG/INPUT READY (FF/IR)
This is a dual-purpose pin. In FWFT mode, the input ready (IR) function is selected. IR goes low when memory
space is available for writing data. When there is no free space left, IR goes high, inhibiting further write
operations.
In standard mode, the FF function is selected. When the FIFO is full, FF goes low, inhibiting further write
operations. When FF is high, the FIFO is not full. If no reads are performed after a reset, FF goes low after D
writes to the FIFO. D = 4096.
IR goes high after D writes to the FIFO. D = 4097. The additional word in FWFT mode is due to the capacity of
the memory plus output register.
FF/IR is synchronous and updated on the rising edge of WCLK.
EMPTY FLAG/OUTPUT READY (EF/OR)
This is a dual-purpose pin. In FWFT mode, the OR function is selected. OR goes low at the same time the first
word written to an empty FIFO appears valid on the outputs. OR stays low after the RCLK low-to-high transition
that shifts the last word from the FIFO memory to the outputs. OR goes high only with a true read (RCLK with
REN low). The previous data stays at the outputs, indicating that the last word was read. Further data reads are
inhibited until OR goes low again.
In the standard mode, the EF function is selected. When the FIFO is empty, EF goes low, inhibiting further read
operations. When EF is high, the FIFO is not empty.
EF/OR is synchronous and updated on the rising edge of RCLK.
PROGRAMMABLE ALMOST-FULL FLAG (PAF)
PAF goes low when the FIFO reaches the almost-full condition. In FWFT mode, if no reads are performed, PAF
goes low after 4097 - m. Default values for m are in Table 4 and Table 5.
In standard mode, if no reads are performed after reset (RS), PAF goes low after 4096 – m writes. The offset m
is defined in Table 3.
If asynchronous PAF configuration is selected, PAF is asserted low on the low-to-high transition of WCLK. PAF is
reset to high on the low-to-high transition of RCLK. If synchronous PAF configuration is selected (see Table 6),
PAF is updated on the rising edge of WCLK.
PROGRAMMABLE ALMOST-EMPTY FLAG (PAE)
PAE goes low when the FIFO reaches the almost-empty condition. In FWFT mode, PAE goes low when there
are n + 1 words, or fewer, in the FIFO. In standard mode, PAE goes low when there are n words or fewer in the
FIFO. The offset n is defined as the empty offset. The default values for n are noted in Table 4 and Table 5.
If there is no empty offset specified, PAE is low when the device is 127 away from completely empty.
If asynchronous PAE configuration is selected, PAE is asserted low on the low-to-high transition of the read clock
(RCLK). PAE is reset to high on the low-to-high transition of the write clock (WCLK). If synchronous PAE
configuration is selected (see Table 6), PAE is updated on the rising edge of RCLK.
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WRITE EXPANSION OUT/HALF-FULL FLAG (WXO/HF)
This is a dual-purpose output. In the single-device and width-expansion mode, when write expansion in (WXI)
and/or read expansion in (RXI) are grounded, this output acts as an indication of a half-full memory.
After one-half of the memory is filled, and at the low-to-high transition of the next write cycle, the half-full flag
(HF) goes low and remains set until the difference between the write pointer and read pointer is less than or
equal to one-half of the total memory of the device. HF is then reset to high by the low-to-high transition of the
read clock (RCLK). HF is asynchronous.
In the daisy-chain depth-expansion mode, WXI is connected to WXO of the previous device. This output acts as
a signal to the next device in the daisy chain by providing a pulse when the previous device writes to the last
location of memory.
READ EXPANSION OUT (RXO)
In the daisy-chain depth-expansion configuration, read expansion in (RXI) is connected to read expansion out
(RXO) of the previous device. This output acts as a signal to the next device in the daisy chain by providing a
pulse when the previous device reads from the last location of memory.
DATA OUTPUTS (Q0–Q17)
Q0–Q17 are data outputs for 18-bit-wide data.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
TIMING MODES:
STANDARD vs FIRST-WORD FALL-THROUGH (FWFT) MODE
The SN74V245 supports two different timing modes. The selection of the mode of operation is determined during
configuration at reset (RS). During an RS operation, the first load (FL), read expansion input (RXI), and writeexpansion input (WXI) pins are used to select the timing mode as shown in Table 6. In standard mode, the first
word written to an empty FIFO does not appear on the data output lines unless a specific read operation is
performed. A read operation, which consists of activating read enable (REN) and enabling a rising read clock
(RCLK) edge, shifts the word from internal memory to the data output lines. In FWFT mode, the first word written
to an empty FIFO is clocked directly to the data output lines after three transitions of the RCLK signal. A REN
does not have to be asserted to access the first word.
Various signals, both input and output signals, operate differently, depending on which timing mode is in effect.
FIRST-WORD FALL-THROUGH MODE (FWFT)
In this mode, status flags IR, PAF, HF, PAE, and OR operate in the manner outlined in Table 4. To write data
into the FIFO, WEN must be low. Data presented to the data-in lines is clocked into the FIFO on subsequent
transitions of WCLK. After the first write is performed, the output ready (OR) flag goes low. Subsequent writes
continue to fill the FIFO. PAE goes high after n + 2 words have been loaded into the FIFO, where n is the empty
offset value. The default setting for this value is stated in the footnote of Table 4. This parameter also is user
programmable. See the Programmable Flag Offset Loading section.
If data continues to be written into the FIFO, and no read operations are taking place, HF switches to low when
the 2050th word is written into the FIFO. Continuing to write data into the FIFO causes PAF to go low. Again, if
no reads are performed, PAF goes low after 4097 – m writes, where m is the full offset value. The default setting
for this value is stated in the footnote of Table 4.
When the FIFO is full, the input ready (IR) flag goes high, inhibiting further write operations. If no reads are
performed after a reset, IR goes high after D writes to the FIFO. D = 4097. The additional word in FWFT mode is
due to the capacity of the memory plus output register.
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If the FIFO is full, the first read operation causes the IR flag to go low. Subsequent read operations cause PAF
and HF to go high at the conditions described in Table 4. If further read operations occur without write
operations, PAE goes low when there are n + 1 words in the FIFO, where n is the empty offset value. If there is
no empty offset specified, PAE is low when the device is 128 away from empty. Continuing read operations
cause the FIFO to be empty. When the last word has been read from the FIFO, OR goes high, inhibiting further
read operations. REN is ignored when the FIFO is empty.
Table 4. Status Flags for FWFT Mode
NUMBER OF WORDS IN FIFO
IR
PAF
HF
PAE
OR
0
L
H
H
L
H
1 to (n+1) (1)
L
H
H
L
L
(n+2) to 2049
L
H
H
H
L
2050 to [4097–(m+1)]
(2)
L
H
L
H
L
(4097–m) to 4096
L
L
L
H
L
4097
H
L
L
H
L
(1)
(2)
n = Empty offset = 127
m = Full offset = 127
STANDARD MODE
In this mode, status flags FF, PAF, HF, PAE, and EF operate in the manner outlined in Table 5. To write data
into the FIFO, write enable (WEN) must be low. Data presented to the data-in lines is clocked into the FIFO on
subsequent transitions of the write clock (WCLK). After the first write is performed, the empty flag (EF) goes high.
Subsequent writes continue to fill the FIFO. The programmable almost-empty flag (PAE) goes high after n + 1
words have been loaded into the FIFO, where n is the empty offset value. The default setting for this value is
stated in the footnote of Table 5. This parameter also is user programmable. See the Programmable Flag Offset
Loading section.
If data continues to be written into the FIFO, and no read operations are taking place, the half-full flag (HF)
switches to low when the 2049th word is written into the FIFO. Continuing to write data into the FIFO causes the
programmable almost-full flag (PAF) to go low. Again, if no reads are performed, PAF goes low after 4096 – m
writes. Offset m is the full offset value. This parameter also is user programmable. See the Programmable Flag
Offset Loading section. If there is no full offset specified, PAF is low when the device is 127 away from full.
When the FIFO is full, the full flag (FF) goes low, inhibiting further write operations. If no reads are performed
after a reset, FF goes low after D writes to the FIFO. D = 4096.
If the FIFO is full, the first read operation causes FF to go high. Subsequent read operations cause PAF and the
half-full flag (HF) to go high under the conditions described in Table 5. If further read operations occur, without
write operations, the programmable almost-empty flag (PAE) goes low when there are n words in the FIFO,
where n is the empty offset value. If there is no empty offset specified, PAE is low when the device is 127 away
from completely empty. Continuing read operations cause the FIFO to be empty. When the last word has been
read from the FIFO, EF goes low, inhibiting further read operations. REN is ignored when the FIFO is empty.
Table 5. Status Flags for Standard Mode
FF
PAF
HF
PAE
0
NUMBER OF WORDS IN FIFO
H
H
H
L
L
1 to n (1)
H
H
H
L
H
H
H
H
H
H
(n+1) to 2048
2049 to [4096–(m+1)]
(2)
EF
H
H
L
H
H
(4096–m) to 4095
H
L
L
H
H
4096
L
L
L
H
H
(1)
(2)
n = Empty offset = 127
m = Full offset = 127
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PROGRAMMABLE FLAG LOADING
Full- and empty-flag offset values can be user programmable. The SN74V245 has internal registers for these
offsets. Default settings are stated in the footnotes of Table 4 and Table 5. Offset values are loaded into the
FIFO using the data input lines D0–D11. To load the offset registers, the load (LD) pin and WEN pin must be
held low. Data present on D0–D11 is transferred to the empty offset register on the first low-to-high transition of
WCLK. By continuing to hold the LD and WEN pins low, data present on D0–D11 is transferred into the full offset
register on the next transition of the WCLK. The third transition again writes to the empty offset register. Writing
to all offset registers does not have to occur at the same time. One or two offset registers can be written and
then, by bringing the LD pin high, the FIFO is returned to normal read/write operation. When the LD pin and
WEN again are set low, the next offset register in sequence is written.
The contents of the offset registers can be read on the data output lines Q0–Q11 when the LD pin is set low, and
REN is set low. Data then can be read on the next low-to-high transition of RCLK. The first transition of RCLK
presents the empty offset value to the data output lines. The next transition of RCLK presents the full offset
value. Offset register content can be read in the standard mode only. It cannot be read in the FWFT mode.
SYNCHRONOUS vs ASYNCHRONOUS PROGRAMMABLE FLAG TIMING SELECTION
The SN74V245 can be configured during the configuration-at-reset cycle (see Table 6) with either asynchronous
or synchronous timing for PAE and PAF flags.
If asynchronous PAE/PAF configuration is selected (see Table 6), the PAE is asserted low on the low-to-high
transition of RCLK. PAE is reset to high on the low-to-high transition of WCLK. Similarly, the PAF is asserted low
on the low-to-high transition of WCLK, and PAF is reset to high on the low-to-high transition of RCLK. For
detailed timing diagrams, see Figure 11 for asynchronous PAE timing and Figure 12 for asynchronous PAF
timing.
If synchronous PAE/PAF configuration is selected, PAE is asserted and updated on the rising edge of RCLK
only, but not WCLK. Similarly, PAF is asserted and updated on the rising edge of WCLK only, but not RCLK. For
detailed timing diagrams, see Figure 20 for synchronous PAE timing and Figure 21 for synchronous PAF timing.
Table 6. Truth Table for Configuration at Reset
FL
WXI
EF/OR
FF/IR
PAE, PAF
FIFO TIMING MODE
0
0
0
Single register-buffered empty flag
Single register-buffered full
flag
0
0
1
Triple register-buffered outputready flag
Double register-buffered input
ready flag
Asynchronous
FWFT
0
1
0
Double register-buffered empty flag
Double register-buffered full
flag
Asynchronous
Standard
0 (1)
1
1
Single register-buffered empty flag
Single register-buffered full
flag
Asynchronous
Standard
1
0
0
Single register-buffered empty flag
Single register-buffered full
flag
Synchronous
Standard
1
0
1
Triple register-buffered outputready flag
Double register-buffered input
ready flag
Synchronous
FWFT
1
1
0
Double register-buffered empty flag
Double register-buffered full
flag
Synchronous
Standard
1 (2)
1
1
Single register-buffered empty flag
Single register-buffered full
flag
Asynchronous
Standard
(1)
(2)
14
RXI
Asynchronous
Standard
In daisy-chain depth expansion, FL is held low for the first-load device. The RXI and WXI inputs are driven by the corresponding RXO
and WXO outputs of the preceding device.
In daisy-chain depth expansion, FL is held high for members of the expansion other than the first-load device. The RXI and WXI inputs
are driven by the corresponding RXO and WXO outputs of the preceding device.
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REGISTER-BUFFERED FLAG OUTPUT SELECTION
The SN74V245 can be configured during the configuration-at-reset cycle (see Table 8) with single, double, or
triple register-buffered flag output signals. The various combinations available are described in Table 7 and
Table 8. In general, going from single to double or triple register-buffered flag outputs removes the possibility of
metastable flag indications on boundary states (empty or full conditions). The tradeoff is the addition of clockcycle delays for the respective flag to be asserted. Not all combinations of register-buffered flag outputs are
supported. Register-buffered outputs apply to the empty flag and full flag only. Partial flags are not affected.
Table 7 and Table 8 summarize the options available.
Table 7. Register-Buffered Flag Output Options, FWFT Mode
OUTPUT READY
(OR)
INPUT READY
(IR)
PARTIAL FLAGS
Triple
Double
Triple
Double
PROGRAMMING AT RESET
FLAG TIMING
DIAGRAMS
FL
RXI
WXI
Asynchronous
0
0
1
Figure 25
Synchronous
1
0
1
Figure 18, Figure 19
Table 8. Register-Buffered Flag Output Options, Standard Mode
EMPTY FLAG
(EF)
BUFFERED
OUTPUT
FULL FLAG
(FF)
BUFFERED
OUTPUT
PARTIAL FLAGS
TIMING MODE
PROGRAMMING AT RESET
FL
RXI
WXI
FLAG TIMING
DIAGRAMS
Single
Single
Asynchronous
0
0
0
Figure 7, Figure 8
Single
Single
Synchronous
1
0
0
Figure 7, Figure 8
Double
Double
Asynchronous
0
1
0
Figure 22, Figure 24
Double
Double
Synchronous
1
1
0
Figure 22, Figure 24
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tRS
RS
tRSR
REN, WEN, LD
tRSS
FL, RXI, WXI
(see Note A)
tRSR
Configuration Setting
(see Note C)
RCLK, WCLK
(see Note B)
tRSF
Standard Mode
FF/IR
FWFT Mode
tRSF
FWFT Mode
EF/OR
Standard Mode
tRSF
PAF,
WXO/HF, RXO
tRSF
PAE
tRSF
OE = 1
(see Note D)
Q0–Q17
OE = 0
NOTES: A. Single-device mode (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0), (1,0,0), (1,0,1) or (1,1,0). FL, RXI, WXI should be static (tied to VCC
or GND).
B. The clocks (RCLK, WCLK) can be free-running asynchronously or coincidentally.
C. In FWFT mode, IR goes low based on the WCLK edge after reset.
D. After reset, the outputs are low if OE = 0 and 3-state if OE = 1.
Figure 3. Reset Timing
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tCLK
tCLKH
tCLKL
WCLK
tDS
tDH
Data
Invalid
D0–D17
tENS
tENH
WEN
No Operation
tWFF
tWFF
FF
tSKEW1 (see Note A)
RCLK
REN
NOTES: A. tSKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising RCLK edge and a rising WCLK edge to ensure that FF goes high during the current
clock cycle. If the time between the rising edge of RCLK and the rising edge of WCLK is less than tSKEW1, FF might not change
state until the next WCLK edge.
B. Select standard mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,1,1), (1,0,0) or (1,1,1) during reset.
Figure 4. Write-Cycle Timing With Single Register-Buffered FF (Standard Mode)
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tCLK
tCLKH
tCLKL
RCLK
tENS
tENH
No Operation
REN
tREF
tREF
EF
tA
Q0–D17
tOLZ
tOHZ
tOE
OE
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
WCLK
WEN
NOTES: A. tSKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising WCLK edge and a rising RCLK edge to ensure that EF goes high during the current
clock cycle. If the time between the rising edge of WCLK and the rising edge of RCLK is less than tSKEW1, EF might not change
state until the next RCLK edge.
B. Select standard mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,1,1), (1,0,0) or (1,1,1) during reset.
Figure 5. Read-Cycle Timing With Single Register-Buffered EF (Standard Mode)
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WCLK
tDS
D0–D17
D0 (First Valid Write)
D1
D2
D3
D4
tENS
WEN
tFRL
(see Note A)
tSKEW1
RCLK
tREF
EF
tENS
REN
tA
tA
D0
Q0–Q17
D1
tOLZ
tOE
OE
NOTES: A. When tSKEW1 is at the minimum specification, tFRL (maximum) = tCLK + tSKEW1. When tSKEW1 is less than the
minimum specification, tFRL (maximum) = either (2 ×t CLK) + tSKEW1 or tCLK + tSKEW1. The latency timing applies only at the
empty boundary (EF is low).
B. The first word always is available the cycle after EF goes high.
C. Select standard mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,1,1), (1,0,0) or (1,1,1) during reset.
Figure 6. First-Data-Word Latency with Single Register-Buffered EF (Standard Mode)
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No Write
No Write
WCLK
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
tDS
D0–D17
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
tDS
Data
Write
Data Write
tWFF
tWFF
tWFF
FF
WEN
RCLK
tENS
tENS
tENH
tENH
tA
tA
REN
OE
Q0–Q17
Low
Data In Output Register
Data Read
Next Data Read
NOTES: A. tSKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising RCLK edge and a rising WCLK edge to ensure that FF goes high during the current
clock cycle. If the time between the rising edge of RCLK and the rising edge of WCLK is less than tSKEW1, FF might not change
state until the next WCLK edge.
B. Select standard mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,1,1), (1,0,0) or (1,1,1) during reset.
Figure 7. Single Register-Buffered Full-Flag Timing (Standard Mode)
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WCLK
tDS
D0–D17
tDS
Data Write 1
Data Write 2
tENS
tENS
tENH
tENH
WEN
tFRL
(see Note A)
tFRL
(see Note A)
tSKEW1
tSKEW1
RCLK
tREF
tREF
tREF
EF
REN
OE
Low
tA
Q0–Q17
Data In Output Register
Data Read
NOTES: A. When tSKEW1 is at the minimum specification, tFRL (maximum) = tCLK + tSKEW1. When tSKEW1 is less than the minimum
specification, tFRL (maximum) = either (2 × tCLK) + tSKEW1 or tCLK + tSKEW1. The latency timing applies only at the empty
boundary (EF is low).
B. Select standard mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,1,1), (1,0,0) or (1,1,1) during reset.
Figure 8. Single Register-Buffered Empty Flag Timing (Standard Mode)
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tCLK
tCLKH
tCLKL
WCLK
tENS
tENH
LD
tENS
WEN
tDS
tDH
PAE Offset
D0–D15
D0–D11
PAE Offset
PAF Offset
Figure 9. Write Programmable Registers (Standard and FWFT Modes)
tCLK
tCLKH
tCLKL
RCLK
tENS
tENH
LD
tENS
REN
tA
Q0–Q15
Unknown
PAE Offset
PAF Offset
PAE Offset
Figure 10. Read Programmable Registers (Standard Mode)
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tCLKH
tCLKL
WCLK
tENS
tENH
WEN
tPAFA
PAF
D – m Words
in FIFO
D – (m + 1) Words in FIFO
(see Notes A and B)
D – (m + 1) Words
in FIFO
tPAFA
RCLK
tENS
REN
NOTES: A. m = PAF offset
B. D = maximum FIFO depth
In FWFT mode: D = 4097
In standard mode: D = 4096
C. PAF is asserted to low on WCLK transition and reset to high on RCLK transition.
D. Select asynchronous modes by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0), (0,1,1) or (1,1,1) during reset.
Figure 11. Asynchronous Programmable Almost-Empty-Flag Timing (Standard and FWFT Modes)
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tCLKH
tCLKL
WCLK
tENS
tENH
WEN
PAE
n Words in FIFO
(see Note B)
n + 1 Words in FIFO
(see Note C)
tPAEA
n + 1 Words in FIFO
(see Note B)
n + 2 Words in FIFO
(see Note C)
n Words in FIFO
(see Note B)
n + 1 Words in FIFO
(see Note C)
tPAEA
RCLK
tENS
REN
NOTES: A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
n = PAE offset
For standard mode
For FWFT mode
PAE is asserted low on RCLK transition and reset to high on WCLK transition.
Select the asynchronous modes by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0), (0,1,1) or (1,1,1) during reset.
Figure 12. Asynchronous Programmable Almost-Full-Flag Timing (Standard and FWFT Modes)
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tCLKH
tCLKL
WCLK
tENS
tENH
WEN
D/2+1 Words in FIFO,
(see Notes A and B)
tHF
Words in FIFO
D – 1 + 2 (see Notes A
D/2 Words in FIFO,
2
and C)
(see Notes A and B)
D/2 Words in FIFO,
(see Notes A and B)
HF
D – 1 + 1 Words in FIFO
(see Notes A and C)
2
D–1 +1
2
tHF
Words in FIFO
(see Notes A
and C)
RCLK
tENS
REN
NOTES: A. D = maximum FIFO depth
In FWFT mode: D = 4097
In standard mode: D = 4096
B. For standard mode
C. For FWFT mode
D. Select single-device mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0), (1,0,0), (1,0,1) or (1,1,0) during reset.
Figure 13. Half-Full-Flag Timing (Standard and FWFT Modes)
tCLKH
See
Note A
WCLK
tXO
WXO
tENS
WEN
NOTE A: Write to last physical location.
Figure 14. Write-Expansion-Out Timing
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tCLKH
RCLK
See
Note A
tXO
RXO
tENS
REN
NOTE A: Read from last physical location.
Figure 15. Read-Expansion-Out Timing
tXI
WXI
tXIS
WCLK
Figure 16. Write-Expansion-In Timing
tXI
RXI
tXIS
RCLK
Figure 17. Read-Expansion-In Timing
26
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SCAS932A – DECEMBER 2012 – REVISED JANUARY 2013
WCLK
1
1
tENS
WEN
tDH
tDS
D0–D17
W1
tDS
W2
W3
W[n+2]
W4
tSKEW1
RCLK
1
2
W[n+3]
tDS
W[n+4]
W
D – 1+ 1
2
W
D – 1+ 2
2
W
tDS
D – 1+ 3
2
W[D-m-2]
W[D-m-1]
W[D-m]
tENH
W[D-m+1]
W[D-m+2]
W[D]
W[D+1]
tSKEW2 (see Note B)
3
REN
tA
Q0–Q17
Data in Output Register
W1
tREF
OR
tPAES
PAE
tHF
HF
tPAFS
PAF
tWFF
IR
NOTES: A. t SKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising WCLK edge and a rising RCLK edge for OR to go low after two RCLK cycles plus tREF . If the time between the rising
edge of WLCK and the rising edge of RCLK is less than t SKEW1, the OR deassertion might be delayed one extra RCLK cycle.
B. tSKEW2 is the minimum time between a rising WCLK edge and a rising RCLK edge for PAE to go high during the current clock cycle. If the time between the rising edge
of WCLK and the rising edge of RCLK is less than tSKEW2, the PAE deassertion might be delayed one extra RCLK cycle.
C. LD is high, OE is low.
D. n = PAE offset, m = PAF offset, D = maximum FIFO depth = 4097 words
E. Select synchronous FWFT mode by setting ( FL , RXI , WXI ) = (1,0,1) during reset.
Figure 18. Write Timing With Synchronous Programmable Flags (FWFT Mode)
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WCLK
1
tENH
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2
tSKEW2
(see Note B)
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
tENS
WEN
tDH
tDS
D0–D17
WD
RCLK
tENS
tENS
REN
OE
tOE
tA
tA
tA
tOHZ
Q0–Q17
W1
tA
W1
W2
W3
Wm+2
tA
tA
W[m+3]
W[m+4]
W
D – 1+ 1
2
W
D – 1+ 2
2
W[D-n-1]
W[D-n]
W[D-n+1]
W[D-n+2]
W[D-1]
WD
tREF
OR
tPAES
PAE
tHF
HF
tPAFS
PAF
tWFF
tWFF
IR
NOTES: A. tSKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising RCLK edge and a rising WCLK edge to ensure that IR goes low after one WCLK plus tWFF. If the time between the rising
edge of RLCK and the rising edge of WCLK is less than tSKEW1, the IR assertion might be delayed an extra WCLK cycle.
B. tSKEW2 is the minimum time between a rising RCLK edge and a rising WCLK edge for PAF to go high during the current clock cycle. If the time between the rising edge
of RCLK and the rising edge of WCLK is less than tSKEW2, the PAF deassertion time may be delayed an extra WCLK cycle.
C. LD is high.
D. n = PAE offset, m = PAFoffset, D = maximum FIFO depth = 4097 words
E. Select synchronous FWFT mode by setting ( FL , RXI , WXI ) = (1,0,1) during reset.
Figure 19. Read Timing With Synchronous Programmable Flags (FWFT Mode)
28
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SCAS932A – DECEMBER 2012 – REVISED JANUARY 2013
tCLKH
tCLKL
WCLK
tENS
tENH
WEN
PAE
n Words in FIFO,
(see Note B)
n + 1 Words in FIFO
(see Note C)
tSKEW2
(see Note D)
tPAES
(see Note C)
n + 1 Words in FIFO,
(see Note B)
n + 2 Words in FIFO
(see Note C)
n Words in FIFO
(see Note B),
n + 1 Words in FIFO
(see Note C)
tPAES
RCLK
tENS
tENH
REN
NOTES: A.
B.
C.
D.
n = PAE offset
For standard mode
For FWFT mode
tSKEW2 is the minimum time between a rising WCLK edge and a rising RCLK edge for PAE to go high during the current clock cycle.
If the time between the rising edge of WCLK and the rising edge of RCLK is less than tSKEW2, the PAE deassertion might be delayed
one extra RCLK cycle.
E. PAE is asserted and updated on the rising edge of RCLK only.
F. Select synchronous modes by setting (FL , RXI, WXI) = (1,0,0), (1,0,1), or (1,1,0) during reset.
Figure 20. Synchronous Programmable Almost-Empty-Flag Timing (Standard and FWFT Modes)
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tCLKH
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tCLKL
WCLK
tENS
tENH
WEN
PAF
tPAFS
D – (m + 1) Words
in FIFO
D – m Words in FIFO
D – (m + 1) Words in FIFO
tSKEW2
(see Note C)
tPAFS
RCLK
tENS
tENH
REN
NOTES: A. m = PAF offset
B. D = maximum FIFO depth
In FWFT mode: D = 513 for the SN74V215, 1025 for the SN74V225, 2049 for the SN74V235, and 4097 for the SN74V245.
In standard mode: D = 512 for the SN74V215, 1024 for the SN74V225, 2048 for the SN74V235, and 4096 for the SN74V245.
C. tSKEW2 is the minimum time between a rising RCLK edge and a rising WCLK edge for PAF to go high during the current clock cycle.
If the time between the rising edge of RCLK and the rising edge of WCLK is less than tSKEW2, the PAF deassertion time might
be delayed an extra WCLK cycle.
D. PAF is asserted and updated on the rising edge of WCLK only.
E. Select synchronous modes by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (1,0,0), (1,0,1), or (1,1,0) during reset.
Figure 21. Synchronous Programmable Almost-Full-Flag Timing (Standard and FWFT Modes)
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SCAS932A – DECEMBER 2012 – REVISED JANUARY 2013
No
Write
No
Write
WCLK
1
2
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
1
tDS
D0–D17
2
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
tDS
Wd
Data Write
tWFF
tWFF
tWFF
FF
WEN
RCLK
tENS
tENH
tENS
tENH
REN
OE
Low
tA
Q0–Q17
Data in Output Register
tA
Data Read
Next Data Read
NOTES: A. tSKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising RCLK edge and a rising WCLK edge to ensure that FF goes high after one WCLK
cycle plus tWFF. If the time between the rising edge of RCLK and the rising edge of WCLK is less than tSKEW1, the FF deassertion
time might be delayed an extra WCLK cycle.
B. LD is high.
C. Select double register-buffered standard mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,1,0) or (1,1,0) during reset.
Figure 22. Double Register-Buffered Full-Flag Timing (Standard Mode)
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tCLK
tCLKH
tCLKL
WCLK
1
2
tDS
tDH
Data in
Valid
D0–D17
tENS
tENH
No Operation
WEN
tWFF
tWFF
FF
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
RCLK
REN
NOTES: A. tSKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising RCLK edge and a rising WCLK edge to ensure that FF goes high after one WCLK
cycle plus tRFF. If the time between the rising edge of RCLK and the rising edge of WCLK is less than tSKEW1, the FF deassertion
might be delayed an extra WCLK cycle.
B. LD is high.
C. Select double register-buffered standard mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,1,0) or (1,1,0) during reset.
Figure 23. Write-Cycle Timing With Double Register-Buffered FF (Standard Mode)
32
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tCLK
tCLKH
tCLKL
RCLK
1
2
tENS
tENH
No Operation
REN
tREF
tREF
EF
tA
Last Word
Q0–Q17
tOLZ
tOHZ
tOE
OE
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
WCLK
tENS
tENH
WEN
tDS
tDH
D0–D17
First Word
NOTES: A. tSKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising WCLK edge and a rising RCLK edge to ensure that EF goes high after one RCLK
cycle plus tREF. If the time between the rising edge of WCLK and the rising edge of RCLK is less than tSKEW1, the EF deassertion
might be delayed an extra RCLK cycle.
B. LD is high.
C. Select double register-buffered standard mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,1,0) or (1,1,0) during reset.
Figure 24. Read-Cycle Timing With Double Register-Buffered EF (Standard Timing)
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WCLK
tENS
tENH
WEN
tDS
tDS
tDH
D0–D17
W1
W2
W3
W4
W[n+2]
W[n+3]
tSKEW1
(see Note A)
RCLK
1
2
3
REN
tA
Q0–Q17
Data In Output Register
W1
tREF
tREF
OR
NOTES: A. tSKEW1 is the minimum time between a rising WCLK edge and a rising RCLK edge for OR to go high during the current cycle. If
the time between the rising edge of WLCK and the rising edge of RCLK is less than tSKEW1, the OR deassertion might be delayed
one extra RCLK cycle.
B. LD is high, OE is low.
C. Select FWFT mode by setting (FL, RXI, WXI) = (0,0,1) or (1,0,1) during reset.
Figure 25. OR-Flag Timing and First Word Fall Through When FIFO is Empty (FWFT mode)
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SCAS932A – DECEMBER 2012 – REVISED JANUARY 2013
OPERATING CONFIGURATIONS
SINGLE-DEVICE CONFIGURATION
A single SN74V245 can be used when the application requirements are for 4096 words or fewer. These FIFOs
are in a single-device configuration when the first load (FL), write expansion in (WXI) and read expansion in
(RXI) control inputs are configured as (FL, RXI, WXI = (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0), (1,0,0), (1,0,1) or (1,1,0) during
reset (see Figure 26).
Reset (RS)
Write Clock (WCLK)
Read Clock (RCLK)
Write Enable (WEN)
Read Enable (REN)
Load (LD)
Output Enable (OE)
SN74V245
Data In (D0–D17)
Data Out (Q0–Q17)
Empty Flag/Output Ready (EF/OR)
Full Flag/Input Ready (FF/IR)
Programmable (PAF)
Programmable (PAE)
Half-Full Flag (HF)
FL
RXI
WXI
Figure 26. Block Diagram of Single 4096 × 18 Synchronous FIFO
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WIDTH-EXPANSION CONFIGURATION
Word width may be increased simply by connecting together the control signals of multiple devices. Status flags
can be detected from any one device. The exceptions are the empty flag/output ready and full flag/input ready.
Because of variations in skew between RCLK and WCLK, it is possible for flag assertion and deassertion to vary
by one cycle between FIFOs. To avoid problems, the user must create composite flags by gating the empty
flags/output ready of every FIFO, and separately gating all full flags/input ready. Figure 27 demonstrates a 36word width by using two SN74V245 memories. Any word width can be attained by adding additional SN74V245
memories. These FIFOs are in a single-device configuration when the first load (FL), write expansion in (WXI),
and read expansion in (RXI) control inputs are configured as (FL, RXI, WXI = (0,0,0), (0,0,1), (0,1,0), (1,0,0),
(1,0,1) or (1,1,0) during reset (see Figure 27).
Reset (RS)
Reset (RS)
Data In (D)
36
18
18
Read Clock (RCLK)
Write Clock (WCLK)
Read Enable (REN)
Write Enable (WEN)
Output Enable (OE)
Load (LD)
Programmable (PAF)
Programmable (PAE)
Half-Full Flag (HF)
Full Flag/
Input Ready
(FF/IR)
SN74V245
SN74V245
Empty Flag/
Output Ready
(EF/OR)
FF/IR
FF/IR
EF/OR
EF/OR
18
FL
WXI
RXI
18
FL WXI
Data Out (Q)
36
RXI
NOTE A: Do not connect any output control signals directly together.
Figure 27. Block Diagram of 4096 × 36 Synchronous FIFO Memory Used in a Width-Expansion
Configuration
36
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SCAS932A – DECEMBER 2012 – REVISED JANUARY 2013
DEPTH-EXPANSION CONFIGURATION, DAISY-CHAIN TECHNIQUE (WITH PROGRAMMABLE
FLAGS)
These devices can be adapted easily to applications requiring more than 4096 words of buffering. Figure 28
shows depth expansion using three SN74V245 memories. Maximum depth is limited only by signal loading.
WXO RXO
WCLK RCLK
WEN
REN
RS
OE
LD
SN74V245
VCC
Qn
Dn
FL
FF/IR
EF/OR
PAE
PAF
WXI
RXI
WXO
WCLK
WEN
RS
LD
RXO
RCLK
REN
OE
Data In
Data Out
SN74V245
VCC
Qn
Dn
FL
FF/IR
PAF
WXI
WXO
WCLK
Write Clock
Write Enable
WEN
Reset
RS
Dn
LD
Load
EF/OR
PAE
RXI
RXO
RCLK
Read Clock
Read Enable
REN
OE
Output Enable
Qn
SN74V245
EF/OR
FF/IR
PAF
FF/IR
EF/OR
PAF
WXI
PAE
RXI
PAE
First Load (FL)
The first device must be designated by grounding the first load (FL) control input.
All other devices must have FL in the high state.
The write expansion out (WXO) pin of each device must be tied to the write expansion in (WXI) pin of the next device.
The read expansion out (RXO) pin of each device must be tied to the read expansion in (RXI) pin of the next device.
All load (LD) pins are tied together.
The half-full flag (HF ) is not available in this depth-expansion configuration.
EF, FF, PAE, and PAF are created with composite flags by ORing together every respective flag for monitoring. The composite
PAE and PAF flags are not precise.
H. In daisy-chain mode, the flag outputs are single-register buffered and the partial flags are in asynchronous timing mode.
NOTES: A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Figure 28. Block Diagram of 12288 × 18 Synchronous FIFO Memory With Programmable Flags Used in
Depth-Expansion Configuration
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DEPTH-EXPANSION CONFIGURATION (FWFT MODE)
In FWFT mode, the FIFOs can be connected in series (the data outputs of one FIFO connected to the data
inputs of the next) with no external logic necessary. The resulting configuration provides a total depth equivalent
to the sum of the depths associated with each single FIFO. NO TAG shows a depth expansion using two
SN74V245 memories.
Care should be taken to select FWFT mode during master reset for all FIFOs in the depth expansion
configuration. The first word written to an empty configuration passes from one FIFO to the next (ripple down)
until it finally appears at the outputs of the last FIFO in the chain. No read operation is necessary, but the RCLK
of each FIFO must be free running. Each time the data word appears at the outputs of one FIFO, that device’s
OR line goes low, enabling a write to the next FIFO in line.
For an empty expansion configuration, the amount of time it takes for OR of the last FIFO in the chain to go low
(i.e., valid data to appear on the last FIFO’s outputs) after a word has been written to the first FIFO is the sum of
the delays for each individual FIFO:
(N – 1) × (4 × transfer clock) + 3 × TRCLK
(1)
Where: N is the number of FIFOs in the expansion and TRCLK is the RCLK period. Extra cycles should be added
for the possibility that the tSKEW1 specification is not met between WCLK and transfer clock, or RCLK and transfer
clock, for the OR flag.
The ripple-down delay is noticeable only for the first word written to an empty depth-expansion configuration.
There is no delay evident for subsequent words written to the configuration.
The first free location created by reading from a full depth-expansion configuration bubbles up from the last FIFO
to the previous one until finally it moves into the first FIFO of the chain. Each time a free location is created in
one FIFO of the chain, that FIFO’s IR line goes low, enabling the preceding FIFO to write a word to fill it.
For a full expansion configuration, the amount of time it takes for IR of the first FIFO in the chain to go low after a
word has been read from the last FIFO is the sum of the delays for each individual FIFO:
(N – 1) × (3 × transfer clock) + 2TWCLK
(2)
Where: N is the number of FIFOs in the expansion and TWCLK is the WCLK period. Extra cycles should be added
for the possibility that the tSKEW1 specification is not met between RCLK and transfer clock, or WCLK and transfer
clock, for the IR flag.
The transfer clock line should be tied to either WCLK or RCLK, whichever is faster. Both these actions result in
data moving, as quickly as possible, to the end of the chain and free locations to the beginning of the chain.
HF
HF
PAF
Write Clock
Write Enable
Input Ready
WCLK
RCLK
WEN
IR
WCLK
OR
SN74V245
Dn FL RXI WXI Qn
(0,1)
VCC
GND
IR
GND
n
Read Clock
RCLK
WEN
REN
OE
Data In n
PAE
Transfer Clock
Read Enable
REN
SN74V245
Output Ready
OR
Output Enable
OE
Dn FL RXI WXI Qn
(0,1)
n
Data Out
VCC
GND
Figure 29. Block Diagram of 8192 × 18 Synchronous FIFO Memory With Programmable Flags Used in
Depth-Expansion Configuration
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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10-Dec-2020
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
SN74V245-15PAGEP
ACTIVE
TQFP
PAG
64
160
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-55 to 125
V245-15EP
V62/13606-01XE
ACTIVE
TQFP
PAG
64
160
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-3-260C-168 HR
-55 to 125
V245-15EP
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of