TL431BIDR

厂商：
BURR-BROWN(德州仪器)
封装：
SOIC8_150MIL
描述：
精密可编程基准

数据手册：

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数据手册
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TL431BIDR 数据手册

Order Now Product Folder Support & Community Tools & Software Technical Documents TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 TL431/TL432 精密可编程基准 1 特性 • 1 • • • • • • 3 说明 25°C 下的基准电压容差 – 0.5%（B 级） – 1%（A 级） – 2%（标准级）可调输出电压：Vref 至 36V 从 −40°C 至 125°C 的运行范围典型温度漂移 (TL43xB) – 6 mV（C 级温度） – 14 mV（I 级温度，Q 级温度）低输出噪声 0.2Ω 输出阻抗典型值灌电流能力：1mA 至 100mA 2 应用 • • • • • 可调节电压和电流基准反激式开关模式电源 (SMPS) 中的二次侧稳压齐纳二极管替代产品电压监视具有集成式基准的比较器简化电路原理图 VKA Input TL431LI/TL432LI 是 TL431/TL432 的引脚对引脚替代品。TL43xLI 提供更好的稳定性、更低温度漂移 (VI(dev)) 以及更低基准电流 (Iref)，，从而提高了系统精度。 TL431 和 TL432 器件是三端可调节并联稳压器，在适用的汽车级、商用级和军用级温度范围内均可满足规定的热稳定性。可以通过两个外部电阻器将输出电压设置为介于 Vref（约为 2.5V）和 36V 之间的任意值。这些器件具有 0.2Ω 的输出阻抗典型值。有源输出电路可提供非常急剧的导通特性，从而使这些器件在许多应用中成为齐纳二极管的出色替代品，这些应用包括板载稳压、可调节电源和开关电源。TL432 器件具有与 TL431 器件完全相同的功能和电气特性，但是具有不同的 DBV、DBZ 和 PK 封装引脚排列。 TL431 和 TL432 器件都具有 B、A 和标准三个等级，25°C 下的初始容差分别为 0.5%、1% 和 2%。此外，低输出温漂可确保在整个温度范围内保持出色的稳定性。 TL43xxC 器件运行温度范围为 0°C 至 70°C，TL43xxI 器件运行温度范围为 –40°C 至 85°C，TL43xxQ 器件运行温度范围为 –40°C 至 125°C。 IKA 器件信息(1) 器件型号 Vref TL43x 封装（引脚）封装尺寸（标称值） SOT-23-3 (3) 2.90mm x 1.30mm SOT-23-5 (5) 2.90mm × 1.60mm SOIC (8) 4.90mm × 3.90mm PDIP (8) 9.50mm × 6.35mm SOP (8) 6.20mm × 5.30mm (1) 如需了解所有可用封装，请参阅产品说明书末尾的可订购产品附录。 1 本文档旨在为方便起见，提供有关 TI 产品中文版本的信息，以确认产品的概要。有关适用的官方英文版本的最新信息，请访问 www.ti.com，其内容始终优先。 TI 不保证翻译的准确性和有效性。在实际设计之前，请务必参考最新版本的英文版本。 English Data Sheet: SLVS543 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 目录 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 特性 .......................................................................... 应用 .......................................................................... 说明 .......................................................................... 修订历史记录 ........................................................... 器件比较表 ............................................................... Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... Specifications......................................................... 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 8 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 5 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 5 Thermal Information .................................................. 5 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 5 Electrical Characteristics, TL431C, TL432C ............. 6 Electrical Characteristics, TL431I, TL432I ................ 7 Electrical Characteristics, TL431Q, TL432Q............. 8 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AC, TL432AC ........ 9 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AI, TL432AI ......... 10 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AQ, TL432AQ.... 11 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BC, TL432BC .... 12 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BI, TL432BI ....... 13 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BQ, TL432BQ.... 14 Typical Characteristics .......................................... 15 Parameter Measurement Information ................ 19 9 Detailed Description ............................................ 20 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Overview ................................................................. Functional Block Diagram ....................................... Feature Description................................................. Device Functional Modes........................................ 20 20 21 21 10 Applications and Implementation...................... 22 10.1 Application Information.......................................... 22 10.2 Typical Applications .............................................. 22 10.3 System Examples ................................................. 27 11 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 30 12 Layout................................................................... 30 12.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 30 12.2 Layout Example .................................................... 30 13 器件和文档支持 ..................................................... 31 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 器件命名规则......................................................... 相关链接................................................................ 接收文档更新通知 ................................................. 社区资源................................................................ 商标 ....................................................................... 静电放电警告......................................................... 术语表 ................................................................... 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 14 机械、封装和可订购信息 ....................................... 32 4 修订历史记录 Changes from Revision O (January 2015) to Revision P Page • 向说明部分.............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 • 添加了 TL43x 器件比较表 ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 • 添加了 TL43x 器件命名规则部分 .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Changes from Revision N (January 2014) to Revision O Page • 添加了应用、器件信息表、引脚功能表、ESD 额定值表、热性能信息表、特性说明部分、器件功能模式、应用和实施部分、电源相关建议部分、布局部分、器件和文档支持部分以及机械、封装和可订购信息部分。 ............................ 1 • 已添加应用............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 • Moved Typical Characteristics into Specifications section. ................................................................................................. 15 Changes from Revision M (July 2012) to Revision N Page • 更新了文档格式....................................................................................................................................................................... 1 • Removed Ordering Information table. .................................................................................................................................... 4 • Added Application Note links................................................................................................................................................ 22 2 版权 © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 5 器件比较表器件引脚排列初始精度自然通风工作温度 (TA) TL431 TL432 B：0.5% A：1% （空白）：2% C：0°C 至 70°C I：-40°C 至 85°C Q：-40°C 至 125°C Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 3 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 6 Pin Configuration and Functions TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . LP (TO-92/TO-226) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) TL431A, TL431B . . . DCK (SC-70) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) TL431 . . . KTP (PowerFLEX /TO-252) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) CATHODE ANODE CATHODE ANODE CATHODE NC REF ANODE REF REF 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 REF ANODE ANODE NC CATHODE NC NC NC 3 4 ANODE NC NC 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 REF NC ANODE NC NC − No internal connection TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . PK (SOT-89) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . PK (SOT-89) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) REF ANODE ANODE CATHODE ANODE ANODE REF CATHODE TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . DBV (SOT-23-5) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . DBV (SOT-23-5) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) NC 1 † 2 CATHODE 3 5 ANODE 4 REF NC 1 ANODE 2 NC 3 REF 4 CATHODE TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . DBZ (SOT-23-3) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . DBZ (SOT-23-3) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) REF 1 CATHODE 2 1 3 5 NC − No internal connection NC − No internal connection † Pin 2 is attached to Substrate and must be connected to ANODE or left open. REF 5 TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . P (PDIP), PS (SOP), OR PW (TSSOP) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) NC − No internal connection CATHODE 6 2 NC − No internal connection TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . D (SOIC) PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) CATHODE ANODE ANODE NC 1 ANODE 3 2 ANODE Pin Functions PIN TLV431x NAME TLV432x TYPE DESCRIPTION DBZ DBV PK D P, PS PW CATHODE 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 I/O REF 2 4 1 8 8 3 3 3 1 5 3 I Threshold relative to common anode 2 2, 3, 6, 7 6 2 2 6 3 2 2 O Common pin, normally connected to ground ANODE 4 3 5 LP KTP DCK DBZ DBV PK Shunt Current/Voltage input Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 7 Specifications 7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) MIN VKA Cathode voltage (2) IKA Continuous cathode current range II(ref) Reference input current range TJ Operating virtual junction temperature Tstg Storage temperature range (1) (2) MAX UNIT 37 V –100 150 mA –0.05 10 mA 150 °C 150 °C –65 Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to ANODE, unless otherwise noted. 7.2 ESD Ratings VALUE V(ESD) (1) (2) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±2000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 (2) ±1000 UNIT V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Manufacturing with less than 500-V HBM is possible with the necessary precautions. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Manufacturing with less than 250-V CDM is possible with the necessary precautions. 7.3 Thermal Information TL43xx THERMAL METRIC (1) P PW D PS 8 PINS DCK DBV 6 PINS 5 PINS DBZ LP PK RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 85 149 97 95 259 206 206 140 52 RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 57 65 39 46 87 131 76 55 9 (1) UNIT 3 PINS °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report (SPRA953). 7.4 Recommended Operating Conditions See (1) VKA Cathode voltage IKA Cathode current MIN MAX Vref 36 V 1 100 mA 0 70 TL43xxI –40 85 TL43xxQ –40 125 TL43xxC TA (1) Operating free-air temperature UNIT °C Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability. Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 5 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 7.5 Electrical Characteristics, TL431C, TL432C over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER Vref TEST CIRCUIT Reference voltage See Figure 20 TEST CONDITIONS VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA TL431C, TL432C MIN TYP MAX 2440 2495 2550 SOT23-3 and TL432 devices 6 16 All other devices 4 25 –1.4 –2.7 –1 –2 UNIT mV Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.4 1.2 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 1 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 1 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω VI(dev) |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( 6 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA, ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 7.6 Electrical Characteristics, TL431I, TL432I over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER Vref TEST CIRCUIT Reference voltage See Figure 20 TEST CONDITIONS VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA SOT23-3 and TL432 devices TL431I, TL432I MIN TYP MAX 2440 2495 2550 14 34 5 50 –1.4 –2.7 –1 –2 UNIT mV Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.8 2.5 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 1 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 1 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω VI(dev) |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA All other devices ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 7 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 7.7 Electrical Characteristics, TL431Q, TL432Q over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS TL431Q, TL432Q UNIT MIN TYP MAX 2440 2495 2550 mV 14 34 mV –1.4 –2.7 –1 –2 Vref Reference voltage See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA VI(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.8 2.5 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 1 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 1 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( 8 ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 7.8 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AC, TL432AC over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER Vref TEST CIRCUIT Reference voltage See Figure 20 TEST CONDITIONS VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA TL431AC, TL432AC MIN TYP MAX 2470 2495 2520 SOT23-3 and TL432 devices 6 16 All other devices 4 25 –1.4 –2.7 –1 –2 UNIT mV Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.8 1.2 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.6 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω VI(dev) |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 9 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 7.9 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AI, TL432AI over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER Vref TEST CIRCUIT Reference voltage See Figure 20 TEST CONDITIONS VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA SOT23-3 and TL432 devices TL431AI, TL432AI MIN TYP MAX 2470 2495 2520 14 34 5 50 –1.4 –2.7 –1 –2 UNIT mV Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.8 2.5 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.7 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω VI(dev) |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) All other devices ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( 10 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 7.10 Electrical Characteristics, TL431AQ, TL432AQ over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS TL431AQ, TL432AQ UNIT MIN TYP MAX 2470 2495 2520 mV 14 34 mV –1.4 –2.7 –1 –2 Vref Reference voltage See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA VI(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.8 2.5 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.7 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 11 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 7.11 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BC, TL432BC over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS TL431BC, TL432BC UNIT MIN TYP MAX 2483 2495 2507 mV 6 16 mV –1.4 –2.7 – –2 Vref Reference voltage See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA VI(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.8 1.2 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.6 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( 12 ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 7.12 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BI, TL432BI over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS TL431BI, TL432BI UNIT MIN TYP MAX 2483 2495 2507 mV 14 34 mV –1.4 –2.7 –1 –2 Vref Reference voltage See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA VI(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.8 2.5 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.7 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 13 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 7.13 Electrical Characteristics, TL431BQ, TL432BQ over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS TL431BQ, TL432BQ UNIT MIN TYP MAX 2483 2495 2507 mV 14 34 mV –1.4 –2.7 –1 –2 Vref Reference voltage See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA VI(dev) Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, IKA = 10 mA ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA Iref Reference input current See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 2 4 µA II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) See Figure 21 IKA = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.8 2.5 µA Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation See Figure 20 VKA = Vref 0.4 0.7 mA Ioff Off-state cathode current See Figure 22 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 0.5 µA See Figure 20 VKA = Vref, f ≤ 1 kHz, IKA = 1 mA to 100 mA 0.2 0.5 Ω |zKA| (1) (2) Dynamic impedance (2) ΔVKA = 36 V – 10 V mV/V The deviation parameters Vref(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage αVref is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. ∆VKA |zKA| = ∆IKA The dynamic impedance is defined as: |z'| = ∆V ∆I When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 21), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: |zKA| 1 + R1 R2 . which is approximately equal to ( 14 ΔVKA = 10 V – Vref ( Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 7.14 Typical Characteristics Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. 2600 5 2580 Vref = 2550 mV 2560 4 I ref − Reference Current − µA V ref − Reference Voltage − mV R1 = 10 kΩ R2 =∞ IKA = 10 mA VKA = Vref IKA = 10 mA 2540 2520 Vref = 2495 mV 2500 2480 2460 Vref = 2440 mV 2440 3 2 1 2420 2400 −75 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 0 −75 125 −50 Figure 1. Reference Voltage vs Free-Air Temperature 25 0 50 75 100 125 Figure 2. Reference Current vs Free-Air Temperature 800 150 VKA = Vref TA = 25°C 125 VKA = Vref TA = 25°C 600 I KA − Cathode Current − µ A 100 I KA − Cathode Current − mA −25 TA − Free-Air Temperature − °C TA − Free-Air Temperature − °C 75 50 25 0 −25 −50 Imin 400 200 0 −75 −100 −2 −1 0 2 1 −200 −1 3 0 VKA − Cathode Voltage − V Figure 3. Cathode Current vs Cathode Voltage 3 Figure 4. Cathode Current vs Cathode Voltage − 0.85 2.5 VKA = 36 V Vref = 0 VKA = 3 V to 36 V − 0.95 2 ∆V ref / ∆V KA − mV/V I off − Off-State Cathode Current − µA 2 1 VKA − Cathode Voltage − V 1.5 1 0.5 −1.05 −1.15 −1.25 −1.35 16 0 −75 16 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 −1.45 −75 −50 −25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA − Free-Air Temperature − °C TA − Free-Air Temperature − °C Figure 5. Off-State Cathode Current vs Free-Air Temperature Figure 6. Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta Cathode Voltage vs Free-Air Temperature Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 15 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn Typical Characteristics (continued) 6 IO = 10 mA TA = 25°C Vn − Equivalent Input Noise V oltage − nV/ 240 V n − Equivalent Input Noise V oltage − µV Hz 260 220 200 180 160 140 120 16 100 10 100 1k 10 k 5 4 3 2 1 0 −1 −2 −3 f = 0.1 to 10 Hz IKA = 10 mA TA = 25°C −4 −5 −6 100 k 0 1 2 3 f − Frequency − Hz 4 5 7 6 8 9 10 t − Time − s Figure 7. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage vs Frequency Figure 8. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage Over a 10-S Period 19.1 V 1 kΩ 500 µF 910 Ω 2000 µF VCC TL431 (DUT) VCC 1 µF TLE2027 AV = 10 V/mV + 820 Ω TLE2027 + − 16 kΩ 16 kΩ 1 µF To Oscilloscope − 16 Ω 160 kΩ 22 µF 33 kΩ AV = 2 V/V 0.1 µF 33 kΩ VEE VEE Figure 9. Test Circuit for Equivalent Input Noise Voltage Over a 10-S Period IKA = 10 mA TA = 25°C A V − Small-Signal V oltage Amplification − dB 60 IKA = 10 mA TA = 25°C 50 Output 40 15 kΩ IKA 232 Ω 30 9 µF + 20 8.25 kΩ 10 0 1k − GND 10 k 100 k 1M 10 M f − Frequency − Hz Figure 10. Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs Frequency 16 Figure 11. Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 Typical Characteristics (continued) 100 1 kΩ Output |z KA| − Reference Impedance − Ω IKA = 10 mA TA = 25°C IKA 50 Ω 10 − + GND 1 0.1 1k 10 k 100 k 1M 10 M f − Frequency − Hz Figure 12. Reference Impedance vs Frequency Figure 13. Test Circuit for Reference Impedance 6 220 Ω TA = 25°C Output Input Input and Output V oltage − V 5 Pulse Generator f = 100 kHz 4 3 50 Ω Output GND 2 1 0 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t − Time − µs Figure 14. Pulse Response 100 90 I KA − Cathode Current − mA 80 A V KA B V KA C VKA D VKA Figure 15. Test Circuit for Pulse Response 150 Ω = Vref =5V = 10 V = 15 Vf TA = 25°C IKA + B VBATT CL 70 − Stable 60 C Stable 50 A 40 TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVE A 30 D 20 IKA 10 0 0.001 R1 = 10 kΩ 0.01 0.1 1 10 CL − Load Capacitance − µF The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ are adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IKA conditions, with CL = 0. VBATT and CL then are adjusted to determine the ranges of stability. Figure 16. Stability Boundary Conditions for All TL431 and TL431A Devices (Except for SOT23-3, SC-70, and Q-Temp Devices) Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 150 Ω CL + R2 VBATT − TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVES B, C, AND D Figure 17. Test Circuits for Stability Boundary Conditions 17 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn Typical Characteristics (continued) 100 90 I KA − Cathode Current − mA 80 A VKA B V KA C VKA D VKA 150 Ω = Vref =5V = 10 V = 15 Vf IKA + 70 VBATT CL B − TA = 25°C 60 C Stable Stable 50 A TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVE A 40 A 30 D IKA 20 R1 = 10 kΩ B 150 Ω 10 0 0.001 CL 0.01 0.1 1 10 CL − Load Capacitance − µF The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ are adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IKA conditions, with CL = 0. VBATT and CL then are adjusted to determine the ranges of stability. Figure 18. Stability Boundary Conditions for All TL431B, TL432, SOT-23, SC-70, and Q-Temp Devices 18 + R2 VBATT − TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVES B, C, AND D Figure 19. Test Circuit for Stability Boundary Conditions Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 8 Parameter Measurement Information VKA Input IKA Vref Figure 20. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref Input VKA IKA R1 Iref R2 Vref R1 ö æ VKA = Vref ç 1 + ÷ + Iref × R1 R2 ø è Figure 21. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref Input VKA Ioff Figure 22. Test Circuit for Ioff Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 19 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 9 Detailed Description 9.1 Overview This standard device has proven ubiquity and versatility across a wide range of applications, ranging from power to signal path. This is due to it's key components containing an accurate voltage reference & opamp, which are very fundamental analog building blocks. TL43xx is used in conjunction with it's key components to behave as a single voltage reference, error amplifier, voltage clamp or comparator with integrated reference. TL43xx can be operated and adjusted to cathode voltages from 2.5V to 36V, making this part optimum for a wide range of end equipments in industrial, auto, telecom & computing. In order for this device to behave as a shunt regulator or error amplifier, >1mA (Imin(max)) must be supplied in to the cathode pin. Under this condition, feedback can be applied from the Cathode and Ref pins to create a replica of the internal reference voltage. Various reference voltage options can be purchased with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. These reference options are denoted by B (0.5%), A (1.0%) and blank (2.0%) after the TL431 or TL432. TL431 & TL432 are both functionaly, but have separate pinout options. The TL43xxC devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C, the TL43xxI devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C, and the TL43xxQ devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 125°C. 9.2 Functional Block Diagram CATHODE + REF _ Vref ANODE Figure 23. Equivalent Schematic CATHODE 800 Ω 800 Ω 20 pF REF 150 Ω 3.28 kΩ 2.4 kΩ 7.2 kΩ 4 kΩ 10 kΩ 20 pF 1 kΩ 800 Ω ANODE Figure 24. Detailed Schematic 20 Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 9.3 Feature Description TL43xx consists of an internal reference and amplifier that outputs a sink current base on the difference between the reference pin and the virtual internal pin. The sink current is produced by the internal Darlington pair, shown in the above schematic (Figure 24). A Darlington pair is used in order for this device to be able to sink a maximum current of 100 mA. When operated with enough voltage headroom (≥ 2.5 V) and cathode current (IKA), TL431 forces the reference pin to 2.5 V. However, the reference pin can not be left floating, as it needs IREF ≥ 4 µA (please see Electrical Characteristics, TL431C, TL432C). This is because the reference pin is driven into an npn, which needs base current in order operate properly. When feedback is applied from the Cathode and Reference pins, TL43xx behaves as a Zener diode, regulating to a constant voltage dependent on current being supplied into the cathode. This is due to the internal amplifier and reference entering the proper operating regions. The same amount of current needed in the above feedback situation must be applied to this device in open loop, servo or error amplifying implementations in order for it to be in the proper linear region giving TL43xx enough gain. Unlike many linear regulators, TL43xx is internally compensated to be stable without an output capacitor between the cathode and anode. However, if it is desired to use an output capacitor Figure 24 can be used as a guide to assist in choosing the correct capacitor to maintain stability. 9.4 Device Functional Modes 9.4.1 Open Loop (Comparator) When the cathode/output voltage or current of TL43xx is not being fed back to the reference/input pin in any form, this device is operating in open loop. With proper cathode current (Ika) applied to this device, TL43xx will have the characteristics shown in Figure 23. With such high gain in this configuration, TL43xx is typically used as a comparator. With the reference integrated makes TL43xx the prefered choice when users are trying to monitor a certain level of a single signal. 9.4.2 Closed Loop When the cathode/output voltage or current of TL43xx is being fed back to the reference/input pin in any form, this device is operating in closed loop. The majority of applications involving TL43xx use it in this manner to regulate a fixed voltage or current. The feedback enables this device to behave as an error amplifier, computing a portion of the output voltage and adjusting it to maintain the desired regulation. This is done by relating the output voltage back to the reference pin in a manner to make it equal to the internal reference voltage, which can be accomplished via resistive or direct feedback. Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated 21 TL431, TL432 ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com.cn 10 Applications and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 10.1 Application Information As this device has many applications and setups, there are many situations that this datasheet can not characterize in detail. The linked application notes will help the designer make the best choices when using this part. Application note Understanding Stability Boundary Conditions Charts in TL431, TL432 Data Sheet (SLVA482) will provide a deeper understanding of this devices stability characteristics and aid the user in making the right choices when choosing a load capacitor. Application note Setting the Shunt Voltage on an Adjustable Shunt Regulator (SLVA445) assists designers in setting the shunt voltage to achieve optimum accuracy for this device. 10.2 Typical Applications 10.2.1 Comparator With Integrated Reference Vsup Rsup Vout CATHODE R1 VIN RIN REF VL + R2 2.5V ANODE Figure 25. Comparator Application Schematic 22 Copyright © 2004–2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL431, TL432 www.ti.com.cn ZHCSJ14P – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 Typical Applications (continued) 10.2.1.1 Design Requirements For this design example, use the parameters listed in Table 1 as the input parameters. Table 1. Design Parameters DESIGN PARAMETER EXAMPLE VALUE Input Voltage Range 0 V to 5 V Input Resistance 10 kΩ Supply Voltage 24 V Cathode Current (Ik) 5 mA Output Voltage Level ~2 V – VSUP Logic Input Thresholds VIH/VIL VL 10.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure When using TL431 as a comparator with reference, determine the following: • Input Voltage Range • Reference Voltage Accuracy • Output logic input high and low level thresholds • Current Source resistance 10.2.1.2.1 Basic Operation In the configuration shown in Figure 25 TL431 will behave as a comparator, comparing the VREF pin voltage to the internal virtual reference voltage. When provided a proper cathode current (IK), TL43xx will have enough open loop gain to provide a quick response. This can be seen in Figure 26, where the RSUP=10 kΩ (IKA=500 µA) situation responds much slower than RSUP=1 kΩ (IKA=5 mA). With the TL43xx's max Operating Current (IMIN) being 1 mA, operation below that could result in low gain, leading to a slow response. 10.2.1.2.1.1 Overdrive Slow or inaccurate responses can also occur when the reference pin is not provided enough overdrive voltage. This is the amount of voltage that is higher than the internal virtual reference. The internal virtual reference voltage will be within the range of 2.5 V ±(0.5%, 1.0% or 1.5%) depending on which version is being used. The more overdrive voltage provided, the faster the TL431 will respond. For applications where TL431 is being used as a comparator, it is best to set the trip point to greater than the positive expected error (i.e. +1.0% for the A version). For fast response, setting the trip point to >10% of the internal VREF should suffice. For minimal voltage drop or difference from Vin to the ref pin, it is recommended to use an input resistor

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