TL432LIBQDBZR

Product Folder Order Now Support & Community Tools & Software Technical Documents TL431LI TL432LI SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 TL431LI / TL432LI Programmable Shunt Regulator with Optimized Reference Current 1 Features 3 Description • The TL431LI device is a three-terminal adjustable shunt regulator, with specified thermal stability over applicable automotive, commercial, and military temperature ranges. The output voltage can be set to any value between Vref (approximately 2.495 V) and 36 V, with two external resistors. These devices have a typical output impedance of 0.3 Ω. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making these devices excellent replacements for Zener diodes in many applications, such as onboard regulation, adjustable power supplies, and switching power supplies. This device is a pin-to-pin alternative to the industry standard TL431, with optimized Iref and IIdev performance. The lower Iref and IIdev values enable designers to achieve higher system accuracy and lower leakage current. The TL432LI device has exactly the same functionality and electrical specifications as the TL431LI device, but has a different pinout for the DBZ package. 1 • • • • • • • • Reference Voltage Tolerance at 25°C – 0.5% (B Grade) – 1% (A Grade) Minimum Typical Output Voltage: 2.495 V Adjustable Output Voltage: Vref to 36 V Operation From −40°C to +125°C (Q Temp) Maximum Temperature Drift – 10 mV (C Temp) – 17 mV (I Temp) – 27 mV (Q Temp) 0.3-Ω Typical Output Impedance Sink-Current Capability – Imin = 1 mA (max) – IKA = 15 mA (max) Reference Input Current IREF: 0.4 μA (max) Deviation of Reference Input Current over Temperature, II(dev): 0.3 μA (max) The TL431LI device is offered in two grades, with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.5% and 1%, for the B and A grade, respectively. In addition, low output drift versus temperature ensures good stability over the entire temperature range. 2 Applications • • • • • • Adjustable Voltage and Current Referencing Secondary Side Regulation in Flyback SMPS Zener Diode Replacement Voltage Monitoring Precision Constant Current Sink/Source Comparator with Integrated Reference The TL43xLIxQ devices are operation from –40°C to 125°C. characterized for Device Information(1) PART NUMBER TL43xLI PACKAGE (PIN) SOT-23 (3) BODY SIZE (NOM) 2.90 mm x 1.30 mm (1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet. Simplified Schematic VKA Input IKA Vref 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. TL431LI TL432LI SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Features .................................................................. Applications ........................................................... Description ............................................................. Revision History..................................................... Device Comparison Table..................................... Pin Configuration and Functions ......................... Specifications......................................................... 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 4 4 4 4 5 6 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... ESD Ratings.............................................................. Thermal Information .................................................. Recommended Operating Conditions....................... Electrical Characteristics........................................... Typical Characteristics .............................................. Parameter Measurement Information .................. 9 8.1 Temperature Coefficient............................................ 9 8.2 Dynamic Impedance ............................................... 10 9 Detailed Description ............................................ 11 9.1 Overview ................................................................. 11 9.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 11 9.3 Feature Description................................................. 12 9.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 12 10 Applications and Implementation...................... 13 10.1 Application Information.......................................... 13 10.2 Typical Applications .............................................. 13 10.3 System Examples ................................................. 21 11 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 24 12 Layout................................................................... 24 12.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 24 12.2 Layout Example .................................................... 25 13 Device and Documentation Support ................. 26 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Related Links ........................................................ Documentation Support ........................................ Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates Community Resources.......................................... Trademarks ........................................................... Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ Glossary ................................................................ 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 14 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ........................................................... 27 4 Revision History Changes from Original (July 2018) to Revision A • 2 Page Changed TL43xLI status from Advance Information to Production Data release ................................................................. 1 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI TL431LI TL432LI www.ti.com SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 5 Device Comparison Table DEVICE PINOUT INITIAL ACCURACY OPERATING FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE (TA) TL431LI TL432LI A: 1% B: 0.5% C: 0°C to 70°C I: -40°C to 85°C Q: -40°C to 125°C 6 Pin Configuration and Functions TL431LI DBZ Package 3-Pin SOT-23 Top View CATHODE TL432LI DBZ Package 3-Pin SOT-23 Top View 1 3 ANODE REF 1 CATHODE 2 3 ANODE 2 REF Pin Functions PIN NUMBER NAME TL431LIx TL432LIx DBZ DBZ TYPE DESCRIPTION ANODE 3 3 O Common pin, normally connected to ground CATHODE 1 2 I/O Shunt Current/Voltage input REF 2 1 I Threshold relative to common anode Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI 3 TL431LI TL432LI SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com 7 Specifications 7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) MIN VKA Cathode Voltage (2) IKA Continuos Cathode Current Range II(ref) Reference Input Current TJ Tstg (1) (2) MAX UNIT 37 V –10 18 mA –5 10 mA Operating Junction Temperature Range –40 150 C Storage Temperature Range –65 150 C Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to ANODE, unless otherwise noted. 7.2 ESD Ratings VALUE Electrostatic discharge V(ESD) (1) (2) Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001pins (1) ±2000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22- ±1000 VC101 (2) ±1000 UNIT V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 7.3 Thermal Information TL43xLI THERMAL METRIC (1) DBZ UNIT 3 PINS RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 371.7 C/W RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 145.9 C/W RθJB Junction-to-boardthermal resistance 104.7 C/W ψJT Junction-to-top characterization resistance 23.9 C/W ψJB Junction-to-board characterization resistance 102.9 C/W (1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. 7.4 Recommended Operating Conditions See (1) VKA Cathode Voltage IKA Continuous Cathode Current Range MIN MAX VREF 36 V 1 15 mA 0 70 C TL43xLIxI –40 85 C TL43xLIxQ –40 125 C TL43xLIxC TA (1) 4 Operating Free-Air Temperature UNIT Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI TL431LI TL432LI www.ti.com SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 7.5 Electrical Characteristics over recommended operating conditions, TA = 25°C (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER Vref TEST CIRCUIT Reference Voltage See Figure 14 Deviation of reference input voltage over full temperature range (1) ΔVref / ΔVKA Ratio of change in reference voltage to the change in cathode voltage Iref Reference Input Current See Figure 15 II(dev) Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range (1) Imin Minimum cathode current for regulation Ioff Off-state cathode current |ZKA| (1) (2) Dynamic Impedance VKA = Vref, IKA = 1 mA MIN See Figure 14 VKA = Vref, IKA = 1 mA TYP MAX UNIT TL43xLIAx devices 2470 2495 2520 mV TL43xLIBx devices 2483 2495 2507 mV TL43xLIxC devices VI(dev) (2) TEST CONDITIONS TL43xLIxI devices TL43xLIxQ devices 2.5 11 mV 6 17 mV 10 27 –1.4 –2.7 mV/V –1 –2 mV/V IKA = 1 mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.2 0.4 µA See Figure 15 IKA = 1 mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞ 0.1 0.3 µA See Figure 14 VKA = Vref 1 mA See Figure 16 VKA = 36 V, Vref = 0 0.1 1 µA See Figure 14 VKA = Vref, IKA = 1 mA to 15 mA 0.3 0.65 Ω ΔVKA = 10 V - Vref See Figure 15 IKA = 1 mA ΔVKA = 36 V - 10 V mV The deviation parameters VI(dev) and II(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the rated temperature range. For more details on VI(dev) and how it relates to the average temperature coefficient, see Parameter Measurement Information. The dynamic impedance is defined by |ZKA| = ΔVKA/ΔIKA. For more details on |ZKA| and how it relates to VKA, see Parameter Measurement Information. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI 5 TL431LI TL432LI SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com 7.6 Typical Characteristics Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. 1 2.5005 0.9 Iref - Reference Current - µA Vref - Reference Voltage - V Vka = Vref 2.499 I = 1 mA KA 2.4975 2.496 2.4945 2.493 2.4915 2.49 2.4885 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C D001 Book Figure 1. Reference Voltage vs Free-Air Temperature -25 0 25 50 75 100 TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C 125 D002 Figure 2. Reference Current vs Free-Air Temperature 0.064 15 VKA = Vref TA = 25°C 12 Ioff - Off-State Cathode Current - PA IKA - Cathode Current - mA 0.8 0.1 2.487 2.4855 -50 IKA = 1 mA 9 6 3 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 VKA - Cathode Voltage -V 0.048 0.04 0.032 0.024 0.016 0.008 0 -50 -3 0 VKA = 36 V 0.056 VREF = 0 V 3 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TA - Free-Air Temperature - °C 125 D003 D004 Figure 4. Off-State Cathode Current vs Free-Air Temperature Figure 3. Cathode Current vs Cathode Voltage -1.05 VKA = 3 V to 36 V Y AXIS TITLE (Unit) -1.2 -1.35 -1.5 -1.65 -1.8 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Temperature (°C) 100 125 D006 Figure 5. Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta Cathode Voltage vs Free-Air Temperature 6 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI TL431LI TL432LI www.ti.com SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 75 IKA = 10 mA TA = 25°C 200 Gain Phase 60 160 45 120 30 80 15 Phase - Degrees AV - Small-Signal Voltage Amplification - dB Typical Characteristics (continued) Output IKA 15 kΩ 9 µF + 40 − 8.25 kΩ 0 100 1k 10k 100k f - Frequency - Hz 0 10M 1M Gain Figure 6. Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs Frequency GND Figure 7. Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification 100 |ZKA| - Reference Impedance - Ohms 232 Ω 1 kΩ IKA = 10 mA 50 T = 25°C A 30 20 Output IKA 10 50 Ω 5 3 2 − + 1 GND 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 1k 10k 100k f - Frequency - Hz 1M D005 Figure 9. Test Circuit for Reference Impedance Figure 8. Reference Impedance vs Frequency 6 Input and Output Voltage - V Input 220 Ω TA = 25qC Output 5 4 3 Pulse Generator f = 100 kHz Output 2 50 Ω 1 GND 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 t - Time - Ps 5 6 7 puls Figure 10. Pulse Response Figure 11. Test Circuit for Pulse Response Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI 7 TL431LI TL432LI SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com Typical Characteristics (continued) 150 Ω IKA - Cathode Current - mA 15 12 A VKA = Vref B VKA = 5 V C VKA = 10 V IKA + VBATT CL Stable Region − 9 6 TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVE A 3 0 0.001 IKA 0.01 0.1 1 CL - Load Capacitance - µF R1 = 10 kΩ 10 Copy TL43 The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For curves B and C, R2 and V+ are adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IKA conditions, with CL = 0. VBATT and CL then are adjusted to determine the ranges of stability. Figure 12. Stability Boundary Conditions for All TL431LI, TL432LI Devices 150 Ω CL + R2 VBATT − TEST CIRCUIT FOR CURVES B, C, AND D Figure 13. Test Circuits for Stability Boundary Conditions 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI TL431LI TL432LI www.ti.com SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 8 Parameter Measurement Information VKA Input IKA Vref Figure 14. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref Input VKA IKA R1 Iref R2 Vref R1 ö æ VKA = Vref ç 1 + ÷ + Iref × R1 R2 ø è Figure 15. Test Circuit for VKA > Vref Input VKA Ioff Figure 16. Test Circuit for Ioff 8.1 Temperature Coefficient The deviation of the reference voltage, Vref, over the full temperature range is known as VI(dev). The parameter of VI(dev) can be used to find the temperature coefficient of the device. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αVref, is defined as: αVref is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum Vref or maximum Vref, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. The full-range temperature coefficient is an average and therefore any subsection of the rated operating temperature range can yield a value that is greater or less than the average. For more details on temperature coefficient, check out Voltage Reference Selection Basics. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI 9 TL431LI TL432LI SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com 8.2 Dynamic Impedance 'VKA 'IKA . When the device is operating with two external resistors The dynamic impedance is defined as: 'V z' 'I which is approximately equal to (see Figure 15), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by: R1 · § ZKA ¨ 1 ¸ © R2 ¹ . ZKA Itest P/ IKA (mA) The VKA of the TL431LI can be affected by the dynamic impedance. The TL431LI test current Itest for VKA is specified on the Eletrical Characteristics . Any deviation from Itest can cause deviation on the output VKA. Figure 17 shows the effect of the dynamic impedance on the VKA. IKA IKA(min) 0 VKA (V) Ps Figure 17. Dynamic Impedance 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI TL431LI TL432LI www.ti.com SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 9 Detailed Description 9.1 Overview This standard device has proven ubiquity and versatility across a wide range of applications, ranging from power to signal path. This is due to its key components containing an accurate voltage reference and op amp, which are very fundamental analog building blocks. TL43xLI is used in conjunction with it's key components to behave as a single voltage reference, error amplifier, voltage clamp or comparator with integrated reference. TL43xLI can be operated and adjusted to cathode voltages from 2.495V to 36V, making this part optimum for a wide range of end equipments in industrial, auto, telecom and computing. In order for this device to behave as a shunt regulator or error amplifier, >1mA (Imin(max)) must be supplied in to the cathode pin. Under this condition, feedback can be applied from the Cathode and Ref pins to create a replica of the internal reference voltage. Various reference voltage options can be purchased with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.5%, and 1%. These reference options are denoted by B (0.5%) and A (1.0%) after the TL431LI or TL432LI. TL431LI and TL432LI are both functionally the same, but have separate pinout options. The TL43xLIxC devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C, the TL43xLIxI devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C, and the TL43xLIxQ devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to 125°C. 9.2 Functional Block Diagram CATHODE + REF _ Vref ANODE Figure 18. Equivalent Schematic CATHODE REF ANODE Figure 19. Detailed Schematic Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI 11 TL431LI TL432LI SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com 9.3 Feature Description TL43xLI consists of an internal reference and amplifier that outputs a sink current based on the difference between the reference pin and the virtual internal pin. The sink current is produced by the internal Darlington pair, shown in the above schematic (Figure 19). A Darlington pair is used in order for this device to be able to sink a maximum current of 15 mA. When operated with enough voltage headroom (≥ 2.495 V) and cathode current (IKA), TL43xLI forces the reference pin to 2.495 V. However, the reference pin can not be left floating, as it needs IREF ≥ 0.4 µA (please see Specifications). This is because the reference pin is driven into an npn, which needs base current in order operate properly. When feedback is applied from the Cathode and Reference pins, TL43xLI behaves as a Zener diode, regulating to a constant voltage dependent on current being supplied into the cathode. This is due to the internal amplifier and reference entering the proper operating regions. The same amount of current needed in the above feedback situation must be applied to this device in open loop, servo or error amplifying implementations in order for it to be in the proper linear region giving TL43xLI enough gain. Unlike many linear regulators, TL43xLI is internally compensated to be stable without an output capacitor between the cathode and anode. However, if it is desired to use an output capacitor Figure 12 can be used as a guide to assist in choosing the correct capacitor to maintain stability. 9.4 Device Functional Modes 9.4.1 Open Loop (Comparator) When the cathode/output voltage or current of TL43xLI is not being fed back to the reference/input pin in any form, this device is operating in open loop. With proper cathode current (Ika) applied to this device, TL43xLI will have the characteristics shown in Figure 18. With such high gain in this configuration, TL43xLI is typically used as a comparator. With the reference integrated makes TL43xLI the preferred choice when users are trying to monitor a certain level of a single signal. Look at SLVA987 for more details on open loop comparator applications on the TL431LI. 9.4.2 Closed Loop When the cathode/output voltage or current of TL43xLI is being fed back to the reference/input pin in any form, this device is operating in closed loop. The majority of applications involving TL43xLI use it in this manner to regulate a fixed voltage or current. The feedback enables this device to behave as an error amplifier, computing a portion of the output voltage and adjusting it to maintain the desired regulation. This is done by relating the output voltage back to the reference pin in a manner to make it equal to the internal reference voltage, which can be accomplished through resistive or direct feedback. 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI TL431LI TL432LI www.ti.com SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 10 Applications and Implementation NOTE Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 10.1 Application Information As this device has many applications and setups, there are many situations that this datasheet can not characterize in detail. The linked application notes help the designer make the best choices when using this part. Application note Designing with the Improved TL431LI, SNOAA00 provides a deeper understanding of this device's accuracy in a flyback optocoupler application. Application note Setting the Shunt Voltage on an Adjustable Shunt Regulator, SLVA445 assists designers in setting the shunt voltage to achieve optimum accuracy for this device. 10.2 Typical Applications 10.2.1 Comparator With Integrated Reference Vsup Rsup Vout CATHODE R1 VIN RIN REF VL + R2 2.5V ANODE Figure 20. Comparator Application Schematic Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2018, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TL431LI TL432LI 13 TL431LI TL432LI SLVSDQ6A – JULY 2018 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2018 www.ti.com Typical Applications (continued) 10.2.1.1 Design Requirements For this design example, use the parameters listed in Table 1 as the input parameters. Table 1. Design Parameters DESIGN PARAMETER EXAMPLE VALUE Input Voltage Range 0 V to 5 V Input Resistance 10 kΩ Supply Voltage 24 V Cathode Current (Ik) 5 mA Output Voltage Level ~2 V – VSUP Logic Input Thresholds VIH/VIL VL 10.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure When using TL43xLI as a comparator with reference, determine the following: • Input Voltage Range • Reference Voltage Accuracy • Output logic input high and low level thresholds • Current Source resistance 10.2.1.2.1 Basic Operation In the configuration shown in Figure 20 TL43xLI will behave as a comparator, comparing the VREF pin voltage to the internal virtual reference voltage. When provided a proper cathode current (IK), TL43xLI will have enough open loop gain to provide a quick response. This can be seen in Figure 21, where the RSUP=10 kΩ (IKA=500 µA) situation responds much slower than RSUP=1 kΩ (IKA=5 mA). With the TL43xLI max Operating Current (IMIN) being 1 mA, operation below that could result in low gain, leading to a slow response. 10.2.1.2.1.1 Overdrive Slow or inaccurate responses can also occur when the reference pin is not provided enough overdrive voltage. This is the amount of voltage that is higher than the internal virtual reference. The internal virtual reference voltage will be within the range of 2.495 V ±(0.5% or 1.0%) depending on which version is being used. The more overdrive voltage provided, the faster the TL43xLI will respond. For applications where TL43xLI is being used as a comparator, it is best to set the trip point to greater than the positive expected error (that is +1.0% for the A version). For fast response, setting the trip point to >10% of the internal VREF should suffice. For minimal voltage drop or difference from Vin to the ref pin, TI recommends to use an input resistor