TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
High Chopping Frequency . . . 10 kHz Typ
No Clock Noise Below 10 kHz
No Intermodulation Error Below 5 kHz
Low Input Offset Voltage
10 µV Max (TLC2654A)
Excellent Offset Voltage Stability
With Temperature . . . 0.05 µV/°C Max
AVD . . . 135 dB Min (TLC2654A)
CMRR . . . 110 dB Min (TLC2654A)
kSVR . . . 110 dB Min
Single-Supply Operation
Common-Mode Input Voltage Range
Includes the Negative Rail
No Noise Degradation With External
Capacitors Connected to VDD –
Available in Q-Temp Automotive
HighRel Automotive Applications
Configuration Control/Print Support
Qualification to Automotive Standards
description
The TLC2654 and TLC2654A are low-noise
chopper-stabilized operational amplifiers using
the Advanced LinCMOS process. Combining
this process with chopper-stabilization circuitry
makes excellent dc precision possible. In addition,
circuit techniques are added that give the
TLC2654 and TLC2654A superior noise performance.
D, JG, OR P PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
CXA
IN –
IN +
VDD –
1
8
2
7
3
6
4
5
CXB
VDD +
OUT
CLAMP
D, J, OR N PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
CXB
CXA
NC
IN –
IN +
NC
VDD –
1
14
2
13
3
12
4
11
5
10
6
9
7
8
INT/EXT
CLK IN
CLK OUT
VDD +
OUT
CLAMP
C RETURN
FK PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
CXA
CXB
NC
INT/EXT
CLK IN
D
D
D
D
Input Noise Voltage
0.5 µV (Peak-to-Peak) Typ, f = 0 to 1 Hz
1.5 µV (Peak-to-Peak) Typ, f = 0 to 10 Hz
47 nV/√Hz Typ, f = 10 Hz
13 nV/√Hz Typ, f = 1 kHz
NC
NC
IN –
NC
IN +
4
3 2 1 20 19
18
5
17
6
16
7
15
8
14
9 10 11 12 13
CLK OUT
NC
VDD +
NC
OUT
NC
VDD –
NC
C RETURN
CLAMP
D
NC – No internal connection
Chopper-stabilization techniques provide for extremely high dc precision by continuously nulling input offset
voltage even during variations in temperature, time, common-mode voltage, and power-supply voltage. The
high chopping frequency of the TLC2654 and TLC2654A (see Figure 1) provides excellent noise performance
in a frequency spectrum from near dc to 10 kHz. In addition, intermodulation or aliasing error is eliminated from
frequencies up to 5 kHz.
This high dc precision and low noise, coupled with the extremely high input impedance of the CMOS input stage,
makes the TLC2654 and TLC2654A ideal choices for a broad range of applications such as low-level,
low-frequency thermocouple amplifiers and strain gauges and wide-bandwidth and subsonic circuits. For
applications requiring even greater dc precision, use the TLC2652 or TLC2652A devices, which have a
chopping frequency of 450 Hz.
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
Advanced LinCMOS is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
Copyright 2001, Texas Instruments Incorporated
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.
On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, all parameters are tested
unless otherwise noted. On all other products, production
processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
1
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
FREQUENCY
description (continued)
The TLC2654 and TLC2654A common-mode
input voltage range includes the negative rail,
thereby providing superior performance in either
single-supply or split-supply applications, even at
power supply voltage levels as low as ± 2.3 V.
Vn
nV/ Hz
Vn – Equivalent Input Noise Voltage – nV/XXVZ
10 k
Two external capacitors are required to operate
the device; however, the on-chip chopper-control
circuitry is transparent to the user. On devices in
the 14-pin and 20-pin packages, the control
circuitry is accessible, allowing the user the option
of controlling the clock frequency with an external
frequency source. In addition, the clock threshold
of the TLC2554 and TLC2654A requires no level
shifting when used in the single-supply configuration with a normal CMOS or TTL clock input.
Innovative circuit techniques used on the
TLC2654 and TLC2654A allow exceptionally fast
overload recovery time. An output clamp pin is
available to reduce the recovery time even further.
1k
Typical 250-Hz
Chopper-Stabilized
Operational Amplifier
100
TLC2654
10
1
10
1k
100
f – Frequency – Hz
Figure 1
The device inputs and outputs are designed to
withstand – 100-mA surge currents without
sustaining latch-up. In addition, the TLC2654 and TLC2654A incorporate internal ESD-protection circuits that
prevent functional failures at voltages up to 2000 V as tested under MIL-STD-883C, Method 3015; however,
exercise care in handling these devices, as exposure to ESD may result in degradation of the device parametric
performance.
The C-suffix devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The I-suffix devices are characterized
for operation from – 40°C to 85°C. The Q-suffix devices are characterized for operation from – 40°C to 125°C.
The M-suffix devices are characterized for operation over the full military temperature range of – 55°C to125°C.
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
PACKAGED DEVICES
TA
VIOmax
AT 25°C
0°C to 70°C
10 µV
20 mV
– 40°C to 85°C
8 PIN
SMALL
OUTLINE
(D)
14 PIN
20 PIN
CERAMIC
DIP
(JG)
PLASTIC
DIP
(P)
SMALL
OUTLINE
(D)
CERAMIC
DIP
(J)
PLASTIC
DIP
(N)
TLC2654AC-8D
TLC2654C
8D
TLC2654C-8D
—
—
TLC2654ACP
TLC2654CP
TLC2654AC-14D
TLC2654C 14D
TLC2654C-14D
—
—
TLC2654ACN
TLC2654CN
—
—
10 µV
20 µV
TLC2654AI-8D
TLC2654I-8D
TLC2654I
8D
—
—
TLC2654AIP
TLC2654IP
TLC2654AI-14D
TLC2654I-14D
TLC2654I
14D
—
—
TLC2654AIN
TLC2654IN
—
—
– 40°C to 125°C
10 µV
20 µV
TLC2654AQ-8D
TLC2654Q 8D
TLC2654Q-8D
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
– 55°C to 125°C
10 µV
20 µV
TLC2654AM-8D
TLC2654M
8D
TLC2654M-8D
TLC2654AMJG
TLC2654MJG
TLC2654AMP
TLC2654MP
TLC2654AM-14D
TLC2654M
14D
TLC2654M-14D
TLC2654AMJ
TLC2654MJ
TLC2654AMN
TLC2654MN
TLC2654AMFK
TLC2654MFK
The 8-pin and 14-pin D packages are available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g., TLC2654AC-8DR).
2
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
CERAMIC
DIP
(FK)
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
functional block diagram
VDD +
11
9
Clamp
Circuit
IN +
IN –
5
10
+
–
4
B
B
CIC
Main
CLAMP
OUT
A
A
+
–
A
Null
1
CXB
7
CompensationBiasing
Circuit
B
2
CXA
External Components
8
C RETURN
VDD –
Pin numbers shown are for the D (14 pin), J, and N packages.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
3
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)†
Supply voltage, VDD + (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 V
Supply voltage, VDD – (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 8 V
Differential input voltage, VID (see Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 16 V
Input voltage, VI (any input, see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 8 V
Voltage range on CLK IN and INT/EXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VDD – to VDD – + 5.2 V
Input current, II (each input) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 5 mA
Output current, IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 50 mA
Duration of short-circuit current at (or below) 25°C (see Note 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . unlimited
Current into CLK IN and INT/EXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ± 5 mA
Continuous total dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Dissipation Rating Table
Operating free-air temperature range, TA: C suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to 70°C
I suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 40°C to 85°C
Q suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 40°C to 125°C
M suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 55°C to 125°C
Storage temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 65°C to 150°C
Case temperature for 60 seconds: FK package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds: D, N, or P package . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260°C
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 60 seconds: J or JG package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300°C
† Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not
implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
NOTES: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to the midpoint between VDD + and VDD – .
2. Differential voltages are at IN+ with respect to IN –.
3. The output may be shorted to either supply. Temperature and/or supply voltages must be limited to ensure that the maximum
dissipation rating is not exceeded.
DISSIPATION RATING TABLE
PACKAGE
D (8 pin)
in)
D ((14 pin))
FK
J
JG
N
P
TA ≤ 25°C
POWER RATING
DERATING FACTOR
ABOVE TA = 25°C
725 mW
950 mW
1375 mW
1375 mW
1050 mW
1150 mW
1000 mW
mW/°C
5.8 mW/
C
7.6 mW/°C
11.0 mW/°C
11.0 mW/°C
8.4 mW/°C
9.2 mW/°C
8.0 mW/°C
TA = 70°C
POWER RATING
TA = 85°C
POWER RATING
TA = 125°C
POWER RATING
464 mW
608 mW
880 mW
880 mW
672 mW
736 mW
640 mW
377 mW
494 mW
715 mW
715 mW
546 mW
598 mW
520 mW
145 mW
190 mW
275 mW
275 mW
210 mW
230 mW
200 mW
recommended operating conditions
C SUFFIX
Supply voltage, VDD ±
Common-mode input voltage, VIC
Clock input voltage
Operating free-air temperature, TA
4
I SUFFIX
Q SUFFIX
M SUFFIX
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
± 2.3
±8
± 2.3
±8
± 2.3
±8
± 2.3
±8
VDD –
VDD –
0
VDD + – 2.3
VDD – + 5
70
VDD –
VDD –
– 40
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
VDD + – 2.3
VDD – + 5
85
UNIT
V
VDD –
VDD –
VDD + – 2.3
VDD – + 5
VDD –
VDD –
VDD + – 2.3
VDD – + 5
V
– 40
125
– 55
125
°C
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
V
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD± = ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
VIO
Input offset voltage
g
(see Note 4)
αVIO
Temperature coefficient of
input offset voltage
Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)
TA†
TEST CONDITIONS
TLC2654C
MIN
25°C
5
20
Input offset current
IIB
Input bias current
VICR
Common-mode input
voltage range
RS = 50 Ω
VOM +
Maximum positive peak
output voltage swing
RL = 10 kΩ,
kΩ
See Note 6
VOM –
Maximum negative
g
peak
output voltage swing
RL = 10 kΩ,
kΩ
See Note 6
AVD
Large-signal
g
g
differential
voltage amplification
VO = ± 4 V
V,
RL = 10 kΩ
TYP
MAX
4
10
34
24
UNIT
µV
0 01
0.01
0 05
0.05
0 01
0.01
0 05
0.05
µV/°C
25°C
0.003
0.06
0.003
0.02
µV/mo
25°C
30
60
30
60
Full range
150
25°C
50
Full range
150
60
50
150
Full range
–5
to
2.7
25°C
4.7
Full range
4.7
25°C
– 4.7
Full range
– 4.7
25°C
120
Full range
120
Internal chopping
frequency
25°C
–5
to
2.7
4.8
4.7
– 4.9
– 4.7
135
25
25
25
VO = – 4 V to 4 V
Common-mode rejection
j
ratio
VO = 0,
VIC = VICRmin
min,
RS = 50 Ω
25°C
105
Full range
105
kSVR
Supplyy voltage
g rejection
j
ratio (∆VDD ± /∆VIO)
VDD ± = ± 2.3 V to ± 8 V,,
VO = 0,
RS = 50 Ω
25°C
110
Full range
110
IDD
Supply current
VO = 0
0,
– 4.9
V
155
dB
10
25
kHz
µA
25°C
100
100
Full range
100
100
125
110
pA
V
130
25°C
off state current
Clamp off-state
4.8
– 4.7
155
pA
V
4.7
Full range
RL = 100 kΩ
60
150
10
Clamp on-state
on state current
No load
MIN
Full range
RS = 50 Ω
IIO
CMRR
MAX
Full range
VIC = 0,
TLC2654AC
TYP
pA
125
dB
25°C
Full range
110
125
110
125
dB
110
1.5
2.4
2.5
1.5
2.4
2.5
mA
† Full range is 0°C to 70°C.
NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple effects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices
in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes.
The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.
5. Typical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated
to TA = 25° using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV.
6. Output clamp is not connected.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
5
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD ± = ±5 V
PARAMETER
TEST
CONDITIONS
SR +
Positive slew rate at unity gain
SR –
Negative slew rate at unity gain
Vn
Equivalent
q
input noise voltage
g
(see Note 7)
f = 10 Hz
VN(PP)
Peak-to-peak equivalent
q
input
noise voltage
f = 0 to 1 Hz
In
Equivalent input noise current
f = 10 kHz
Gain-bandwidth product
Phase margin at unity gain
φm
VO = ± 2.3 V,
RL = 10 kΩ,
kΩ
CL = 100 pF
F
TA†
TLC2654C
MIN
TYP
2
25°C
1.5
Full range
1.3
25°C
2.3
Full range
1.7
TLC2654AC
MAX
MIN
TYP
1.5
2
MAX
V/µs
1.3
3.7
2.3
3.7
V/µs
1.7
47
47
75
13
13
20
0.5
0.5
1.5
1.5
25°C
0.004
0.004
f = 10 kHz,,
RL = 10 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF
25°C
1.9
1.9
RL = 10 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF
25°C
48°
48°
f = 1 kHz
f = 0 to 10 Hz
25°C
25°C
UNIT
nV/√Hz
µV
pA/√Hz
MHz
† Full range is 0°C to 70°C.
NOTE 7: This parameter is tested on a sample basis for the TLC2654A. For other test requirements, please contact the factory. This statement
has no bearing on testing or nontesting of other parameters.
6
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD ± = ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
VIO
Input offset voltage
g
(see Note 4)
αVIO
Temperature coefficient of
input offset voltage
Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)
TA†
TEST CONDITIONS
TLC2654I
MIN
25°C
5
20
Input offset current
IIB
Input bias current
VICR
Common-mode input
voltage range
RS = 50 Ω
VOM +
Maximum positive peak
output voltage swing
RL = 10 kΩ,
kΩ
See Note 6
VOM –
Maximum negative
peak
g
output voltage swing
kΩ
RL = 10 kΩ,
See Note 6
AVD
Large-signal
g
g
differential
voltage amplification
VO = ± 4 V
V,
RL = 10 kΩ
TYP
MAX
4
10
40
30
UNIT
µV
0 01
0.01
0 05
0.05
0 01
0.01
0 05
0.05
µV/°C
25°C
0.003
0.06
0.003
0.02
µV/mo
25°C
30
60
30
60
Full range
200
25°C
50
Full range
200
60
50
200
Full range
–5
to
2.7
25°C
4.7
Full range
4.7
25°C
– 4.7
Full range
– 4.7
25°C
120
Full range
120
Internal chopping
frequency
25°C
–5
to
2.7
4.8
4.7
– 4.9
– 4.7
135
25
25
25
VO = – 4 V to 4 V
j
Common-mode rejection
ratio
VO = 0,
VIC = VICRmin
min,
RS = 50 Ω
25°C
105
Full range
105
kSVR
Supply
y voltage
g rejection
j
ratio (∆VDD ± /∆VIO)
VDD ± = ± 2.3 V to ± 8 V,,
VO = 0,
RS = 50 Ω
25°C
110
Full range
110
IDD
Supply current
VO = 0
0,
– 4.9
V
155
dB
10
25
kHz
µA
25°C
100
100
Full range
100
100
125
110
pA
V
125
25°C
Clamp off-state
off state current
4.8
– 4.7
155
pA
V
4.7
Full range
RL = 100 kΩ
60
200
10
Clamp on-state
on state current
No load
MIN
Full range
RS = 50 Ω
IIO
CMRR
MAX
Full range
VIC = 0,
TLC2654AI
TYP
pA
125
dB
25°C
Full range
110
125
110
125
dB
110
1.5
2.4
2.5
1.5
2.4
2.5
mA
† Full range is – 40°C to 85°C
NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple effects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices
in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes.
The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.
5. Typical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated
to TA = 25°C using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV.
6. Output clamp is not connected.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
7
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD ± = ±5 V
PARAMETER
TEST
CONDITIONS
SR +
Positive slew rate at unity gain
SR –
Negative slew rate at unity gain
VO = ± 2.3 V,
RL = 10 kΩ,
kΩ
CL = 100 pF
F
Vn
Equivalent
q
input noise voltage
g
(see Note 7)
f = 1 kHz
VN(PP)
Peak-to-peak equivalent
q
input
noise voltage
f = 0 to 10 Hz
In
Equivalent input noise current
f = 10 kHz
Gain-bandwidth product
φm
Phase margin at unity gain
TA†
TLC2654I
MIN
TYP
2
25°C
1.5
Full range
1.2
25°C
2.3
Full range
1.5
f = 10 Hz
f = 0 to 1 Hz
f = 10 kHz,
RL = 10 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF
RL = 10 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF
TLC2654AI
MAX
MIN
TYP
1.5
2
MAX
V/µs
1.2
3.7
2.3
3.7
V/µs
1.5
47
47
75
13
13
20
0.5
0.5
1.5
1.5
25°C
0.004
0.004
25°C
1.9
1.9
25°C
48°
48°
25°C
25°C
UNIT
nV/√Hz
µV
pA/√Hz
MHz
† Full range is – 40 °C to 85°C.
NOTE 7: This parameter is tested on a sample basis for the TLC2654A. For other test requirements, please contact the factory. This statement
has no bearing on testing or nontesting of other parameters.
8
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
electrical characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD ± = ±5 V (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TA†
TEST CONDITIONS
TLC2654Q
TLC2654M
MIN
VIO
Input offset voltage
g
(see Note 4)
αVIO
Temperature coefficient of
input offset voltage
Input offset voltage
long-term drift (see Note 5)
25°C
MAX
5
20
Input offset current
IIB
Input bias current
VICR
Common-mode
Common
mode input
voltage range
RS = 50 Ω
VOM +
Maximum positive peak
output voltage swing
kΩ
RL = 10 kΩ,
See Note 6
VOM –
Maximum negative
g
peak
output voltage swing
RL = 10 kΩ,
kΩ
See Note 6
AVD
Large-signal
g
g
differential
voltage amplification
VO = ± 4 V
V,
RL = 10 kΩ
UNIT
TYP
MAX
4
10
50
40
µV
0 01
0.01
0.05
0
05∗
0 01
0.01
0.05
0
05∗
µV/°C
25°C
0.003
0.06∗
0.003
0.02∗
µV/mo
25°C
30
60
30
Full range
500
25°C
50
Full range
–5
to
2.7
25°C
4.7
Full range
4.7
25°C
– 4.7
Full range
– 4.7
25°C
120
Full range
120
25°C
60
50
–5
to
2.7
4.8
4.7
– 4.9
– 4.7
135
25
25
25
VO = – 4 V to 4 V
Common-mode rejection
j
ratio
VO = 0,
VIC = VICRmin
min,
RS = 50 Ω
25°C
105
Full range
105
kSVR
Supplyy voltage
g rejection
j
ratio (∆VDD ± /∆VIO)
VDD ± = ± 2.3 V to ± 8 V,,
VO = 0,
RS = 50 Ω
25°C
110
Full range
105
IDD
Supply current
VO = 0
0,
– 4.9
V
155
dB
10
25
kHz
µA
25°C
100
100
Full range
500
500
125
110
pA
V
120
25°C
Clamp off-state
off state current
4.8
– 4.7
155
pA
V
4.7
Full range
RL = 100 kΩ
60
500
10
Clamp on-state
on state current
60
500
500
Full range
g
Internal chopping
frequency
No load
MIN
Full range
RS = 50 Ω
IIO
CMRR
TYP
Full range
VIC = 0,
TLC2654AQ
TLC2654AM
pA
125
dB
25°C
Full range
110
125
110
125
dB
110
1.5
2.4
2.5
1.5
2.4
2.5
mA
∗ On products complaint to MIL-STD-883, Class B, this parameter is not production tested.
† Full range is – 40° to 125°C for Q suffix, – 55° to 125°C for M suffix.
NOTES: 4. This parameter is not production tested full range. Thermocouple effects preclude measurement of the actual VIO of these devices
in high-speed automated testing. VIO is measured to a limit determined by the test equipment capability at the temperature extremes.
The test ensures that the stabilization circuitry is performing properly.
5. Typical values are based on the input offset voltage shift observed through 168 hours of operating life test at TA = 150°C extrapolated
to TA = 25°C using the Arrhenius equation and assuming an activation energy of 0.96 eV.
6. Output clamp is not connected.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
9
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
operating characteristics at specified free-air temperature, VDD ± = ±5 V
PARAMETER
SR +
Positive slew rate at unity gain
SR –
Negative slew rate at unity gain
Vn
Equivalent input noise voltage
VN(PP)
In
TEST CONDITIONS
VO = ± 2
2.3
3V
V,
RL = 10 kΩ,
kΩ
CL = 100 pF
MIN
TYP
2
25°C
1.5
Full range
1.1
25°C
2.3
Full range
1.3
3.7
f = 10 Hz
25°C
47
f = 1 kHz
25°C
13
Peak-to-peak equivalent
q
input
noise voltage
f = 0 to 1 Hz
25°C
0.5
f = 0 to 10 Hz
25°C
1.5
Equivalent input noise current
f = 1 kHz
25°C
0.004
Gain-bandwidth product
f = 10 kHz,
25°C
1.9
25°C
48°
RL = 10 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF
φm
Phase margin at unity gain
RL = 10 kΩ,
CL = 100 pF
† Full range is – 40° to 125°C for Q suffix, – 55° to 125°C for M suffix.
10
TA†
TLC2654Q
TLC2654M
TLC2654AQ
TLC2654AM
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
UNIT
MAX
V/µs
V/µs
nV/√Hz
µV
pA/√Hz
MHz
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table of Graphs
FIGURE
VIO
Input offset voltage
Distribution
2
Normalized input offset voltage
vs Chopping frequency
3
IIO
Input offset current
vs Chopping
g frequency
q
y
vs Free-air temperature
4
5
IIB
Input bias current
vs Common-mode
Common mode in
input
ut voltage
vs Chopping
g frequency
q
y
vs Free-air temperature
6
7
8
Clamp current
vs Output voltage
9
VOM
Maximum peak output voltage swing
vs Output current
vs Free-air temperature
10
11
VO(PP)
Maximum peak-to-peak output voltage swing
vs Frequency
12
CMRR
Common-mode rejection ratio
vs Frequency
13
Large signal differential voltage amplification
Large-signal
vs Frequency
q
y
vs Free-air temperature
14
15
Chopping frequency
vs Supply
y voltage
g
vs Free-air temperature
16
17
IDD
Supply current
vs Supplyy voltage
g
vs Free-air temperature
18
19
IOS
Short circuit output current
Short-circuit
vs Supply
y voltage
g
vs Free-air temperature
20
21
SR
Slew rate
vs Supplyy voltage
g
vs Free-air temperature
22
23
Voltage follower pulse response
Voltage-follower
Small signal
g
Large signal
24
25
VN(PP)
Peak-to-peak input noise voltage
vs Chopping frequency
Vn
kSVR
Equivalent input noise voltage
vs Frequency
28
Supply voltage rejection ratio
vs Frequency
29
Gain bandwidth product
Gain-bandwidth
vs Supply
y voltage
g
vs Free-air temperature
30
31
Phase margin
vs Supplyy voltage
g
vs Load capacitance
32
33
Phase shift
vs Frequency
14
AVD
φm
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
26, 27
11
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS†
NORMALIZED INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION OF TLC2654
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE
40
20
VIO
uV
V
IO – Normalized Input Offset Voltage – µV
Percentage of Units – %
16
456 Units Tested From 4 Wafer Lots
VDD ± = ± 5 V
TA = 25°C
N Package
12
8
4
0
–20 –16 –12 – 8 – 4
0
4
8
12
16
30
VDD ± = ± 5 V
VIC = 0
TA = 25°C
20
10
0
–10
100
20
1K
VIO – Input Offset Voltage – µV
Figure 3
INPUT OFFSET CURRENT
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
INPUT OFFSET CURRENT
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
100
140
VDD ± = ± 5 V
VIC = 0
TA = 25°C
VDD ± = ± 5 V
VIC = 0
IIIO
IO – Input Offset Current – pA
IIIO
IO – Input Offset Current – pA
100K
Chopping Frequency – Hz
Figure 2
120
10K
100
80
60
40
80
60
40
20
20
0
100
0
1k
10 k
100 k
25
45
65
85
105
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
Chopping Frequency – Hz
Figure 4
Figure 5
† Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
12
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
125
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS†
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs
COMMON-MODE INPUT VOLTAGE
1000
100
I IB – Input Bias Current – pA
IIB
IIIB
IB – Input Bias Current – pA
VDD ± = ± 5 V
TA = 25°C
100
10
2
4
– 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 –1 0
1
3
VIC – Common-Mode Input Voltage – V
VDD ± = ± 5 V
VIC = 0
TA = 25°C
80
60
40
20
0
100
5
1k
10 k
Chopping Frequency – Hz
Figure 7
Figure 6
CLAMP CURRENT
vs
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
INPUT BIAS CURRENT
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
100 µ A
VDD ± = ± 5 V
VIC = 0
VDD ± = ± 5 V
TA = 25°C
10 µ A
80
1 µA
Positive Clamp Current
|Clamp Current|
IIIB
IB – Input Bias Current – pA
100
100 k
60
40
100 nA
10 nA
1 nA
100 pA
Negative Clamp Current
20
10 pA
1 pA
0
25
45
65
85
105
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
125
4
Figure 8
4.2
4.4
4.6
|VO| – Output Voltage – V
4.8
5
Figure 9
† Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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13
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS†
MAXIMUM PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
MAXIMUM PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
5
VDD ± = ± 5 V
TA = 25°C
VOM – Maximum Peak Output Voltage – V
VOM – Maximum Peak Output Voltage – V
5
4.8
VOM +
VOM –
4.6
4.4
4.2
VOM +
2.5
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
0
– 2.5
VOM –
4
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
–5
–75 – 50 – 25
2
25
50
75
100
MAXIMUM PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
FREQUENCY
COMMOM-MODE REJECTION RATIO
vs
FREQUENCY
10
CMRR – Common-Mode Rejection Ratio – dB
140
8
TA = – 55°C
6
TA = 125°C
4
2
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
0
100
VDD ± = ± 5 V
TA = 25°C
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1k
10 k
100 k
1M
10
100
1k
f – Frequency – Hz
f – Frequency – Hz
Figure 12
Figure 13
† Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
14
125
Figure 11
Figure 10
VO(PP)
VO(PP) – Maximum Peak-to-Peak Output Voltage – V
0
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
|IO| – Output Current – mA
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
10 k
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
60°
120
100
80°
Phase Shift
80
100°
AVD
60
120°
40
140°
20
160°
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C
0
–20
–40
10
100
1k
180°
200°
10 k
100 k
220°
10 M
1M
AAVD
VD – Large-Signal Differential Voltage Amplification – dB
LARGE-SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE
AMPLIFICATION AND PHASE SHIFT
vs
FREQUENCY
Phase Shift
AAVD
VD – Large-Signal Differential Voltage Amplification – dB
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS†
LARGE-SIGNAL DIFFERENTIAL
VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
160
158
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
VO = ± 4 V
156
154
152
150
– 75
100
125
–75 – 50 – 25
0
25
50
75 100
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
125
– 50 – 25
f – Frequency – Hz
Figure 14
25
50
75
Figure 15
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
11.4
10.5
VDD ± = ± 5 V
TA = 25°C
Chopping Frequency – kHz
11
Chopping Frequency – kHz
0
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
10.6
10.2
10
9.5
9
9.8
8.5
9.4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
|VDD ±| – Supply Voltage – V
7
8
Figure 16
Figure 17
† Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
15
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS†
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
2
2
VO = 0
No Load
VDD ± = ± 7.5 V
1.2
TA = 25°C
0.8
TA = – 55°C
IIDD
DD – Supply Current – mA
IIDD
DD – Supply Current – mA
1.6
TA = 125°C
0.4
1.6
VDD ± = ± 5 V
1.2
VDD ± = ± 2.5 V
0.8
0.4
VO = 0
No Load
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
–75 – 50 – 25
8
Figure 18
25
50
75
100
SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
12
15
IIOS
OS – Short-Circuit Output Current – mA
VO = 0
TA = 25°C
8
4
VID = – 100 mV
0
–4
VID = 100 mV
–8
–12
0
1
6
2
3
4
5
|VDD ± | – Supply Voltage – V
7
8
VDD ± = ± 5 V
VO = 0
10
5
VID = – 100 mV
0
–5
VID = 100 mV
–10
–15
–75
75
100
– 50 – 25
0
25
50
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
Figure 20
Figure 21
† Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
16
125
Figure 19
SHORT-CIRCUIT OUTPUT CURRENT
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
IIOS
OS – Short-Circuit Output Current – mA
0
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
|VDD ± | – Supply Voltage – V
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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125
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS†
SLEW RATE
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
SLEW RATE
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
5
4
SR –
SR –
3
SR – Slew Rate – V/
V/us
µs
SR – Slew Rate – V/us
V/ µ s
4
3
2
SR +
1
0
SR +
2
1
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
– 75
8
0
– 50 – 25
75
100
125
VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER
LARGE-SIGNAL
PULSE RESPONSE
100
4
75
3
50
2
VO – Output Voltage – V
VO
VO
VO – Output Voltage – mV
VOLTAGE-FOLLOWER
SMALL-SIGNAL
PULSE RESPONSE
25
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C
– 25
50
Figure 23
Figure 22
0
25
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
|VDD ± | – Supply Voltage – V
– 50
–75
1
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C
0
–1
–2
–3
–100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
–4
0
t – Time – µs
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
t – Time – µs
Figure 24
Figure 25
† Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
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17
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
PEAK-TO-PEAK INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
PEAK-TO-PEAK INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
CHOPPING FREQUENCY
5
VN(PP)
uV
VN(PP) – Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltage – µV
VN(PP)
uV
VN(PP) – Peak-to-Peak Input Noise Voltage – µV
1.8
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RS = 20 Ω
f = 0 to 1 Hz
TA = 25°C
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
2
4
6
8
Chopping Frequency – kHz
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RS = 20 Ω
f = 0 to 10 Hz
TA = 25°C
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
2
Figure 26
SUPPLY VOLTAGE REJECTION RATIO
vs
FREQUENCY
kkSVR
SVR – Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio – dB
V n – Equivalent Input Noise Voltage – xxxxxx
VN
nV/ Hz
140
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RS = 20 Ω
TA = 25°C
40
30
20
10
VDD ± = ± 2.3 V to ± 8 V
TA = 25°C
120
100
80
kSVR +
60
kSVR –
40
20
0
0
1
10
100
1k
10 k
10
100
Figure 28
Figure 29
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
1k
f – Frequency – Hz
f – Frequency – Hz
18
10
Figure 27
EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE
vs
FREQUENCY
50
8
4
6
Chopping Frequency – kHz
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
10 k
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS†
GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT
vs
FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
2.6
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C
Gain-Bandwidth Product – MHz
Gain-Bandwidth Product – MHz
2.1
2
1.9
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
–75
1.8
0
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
8
– 50 – 25
25
50
75
100
125
Figure 31
Figure 30
PHASE MARGIN
vs
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
PHASE MARGIN
vs
LOAD CAPACITANCE
60°
60°
RL = 10 kΩ
CL = 100 pF
TA = 25°C
VDD ± = ± 5 V
RL = 10 kΩ
TA = 25°C
50°
φ m – Phase Margin
50°
φ m – Phase Margin
0
TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C
|VDD ± | – Supply Voltage – V
40°
30°
20°
40°
30°
20°
10°
10°
0°
0°
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
|VDD ± | – Supply Voltage – V
7
8
0
200
400
600
800
1000
CL – Load Capacitance – pF
Figure 32
Figure 33
† Data at high and low temperatures are applicable only within the rated operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices.
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19
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
APPLICATION INFORMATION
capacitor selection and placement
Leakage and dielectric absorption are the two important factors to consider when selecting external capacitors
CXA and CXB. Both factors can cause system degradation, negating the performance advantages realized by
using the TLC2654.
Degradation from capacitor leakage becomes more apparent with increasing temperatures. Low-leakage
capacitors and standoffs are recommended for operation at TA = 125°C. In addition, guard bands are
recommended around the capacitor connections on both sides of the printed-circuit board to alleviate problems
caused by surface leakage on circuit boards.
Capacitors with high dielectric absorption tend to take several seconds to settle upon application of power, which
directly affects input offset voltage. In applications needing fast settling of input voltage, high-quality film
capacitors such as mylar, polystyrene, or polypropylene should be used. In other applications, a ceramic or
other low-grade capacitor can suffice.
Unlike many choppers available today, the TLC2654 is designed to function with values of CXA and CXB in the
range of 0.1 µF to 1 µF without degradation to input offset voltage or input noise voltage. These capacitors
should be located as close as possible to CXA and CXB and return to either VDD – or C RETURN. On many
choppers, connecting these capacitors to VDD – causes degradation in noise performance; this problem is
eliminated on the TLC2654.
internal/external clock
When large differential-input-voltage conditions
are applied to the TLC2654, the nulling loop
attempts to prevent the output from saturating by
driving CXA and CXB to internally-clamped voltage
levels. Once the overdrive condition is removed,
a period of time is required to allow the built-up
charge to dissipate. This time period is defined as
overload recovery time (see Figure 34). Typical
overload recovery time for the TLC2654 is
significantly faster than competitive products;
however, this time can be reduced further by use
of internal clamp circuitry accessible through
CLAMP if required.
20
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
VII – Input Voltage – mV
V
overload recovery/output clamp
VO
V
O – Output Voltage – V
The TLC2654 has an internal clock that sets the chopping frequency to a nominal value of 10 kHz. On 8-pin
packages, the chopping frequency can only be controlled by the internal clock; however, on all 14-pin packages
and the 20-pin FK package the device chopping frequency can be set by the internal clock or controlled
externally by use of the INT/EXT and CLK IN. To use the internal 10-kHz clock, no connection is necessary. If
external clocking is desired, connect INT/EXT to VDD – and the external clock to CLK IN. The external clock trip
point is 2.5 V above the negative rail; however, CLK IN can be driven from the negative rail to 5 V above the
negative rail. This allows the TLC2654 to be driven directly by 5-V TTL and CMOS logic when operating in the
single-supply configuration. If this 5-V level is exceeded, damage could occur to the device unless the current
into CLK IN is limited to ± 5 mA. A divide-by-two
0
frequency divider interfaces with CLK IN and sets
VDD ± = ± 5 V
TA = 25° C
the chopping frequency. The chopping frequency
appears on CLK OUT.
–5
0
– 50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
t – Time – ms
Figure 34. Overload Recovery
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
80
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
APPLICATION INFORMATION
overload recovery/output clamp (continued)
The clamp is a switch that is automatically activated when the output is approximately 1 V from either supply
rail. When connected to the inverting input (in parallel with the closed-loop feedback resistor), the closed-loop
gain is reduced and the TLC2654 output is prevented from going into saturation. Since the output must source
or sink current through the switch (see Figure 9), the maximum output voltage swing is slightly reduced.
thermoelectric effects
To take advantage of the extremely low offset voltage temperature coefficient of the TLC2654, care must be
taken to compensate for the thermoelectric effects present when two dissimilar metals are brought into contact
with each other (such as device leads being soldered to a printed-circuit board). It is not uncommon for dissimilar
metal junctions to produce thermoelectric voltages in the range of several microvolts per degree Celsius (orders
of magnitude greater than the 0.01 µV/°C typical of the TLC2654).
To help minimize thermoelectric effects, pay careful attention to component selection and circuit-board layout.
Avoid the use of nonsoldered connections (such as sockets, relays, switches, etc.) in the input signal path.
Cancel thermoelectric effects by duplicating the number of components and junctions in each device input. The
use of low-thermoelectric-coefficient components, such as wire-wound resistors, is also beneficial.
latch-up avoidance
Because CMOS devices are susceptible to latch-up due to their inherent parasitic thyristors, the TLC2654 inputs
and outputs are designed to withstand – 100-mA surge currents without sustaining latch-up; however,
techniques to reduce the chance of latch-up should be used whenever possible. Internal protection diodes
should not, by design, be forward biased. Applied input and output voltages should not exceed the supply
voltage by more than 300 mV. Care should be exercised when using capacitive coupling on pulse generators.
Supply transients should be stunted by the use of decoupling capacitors (0.1 µF typical) located across the
supply rails as close to the device as possible.
The current path established if latch-up occurs is usually between the supply rails and is limited only by the
impedance of the power supply and the forward resistance of the parasitic thyristor. The chance of latch-up
occurring increases with increasing temperature and supply voltage.
electrostatic-discharge protection
The TLC2654 incorporates internal ESD-protection circuits that prevent functional failures at voltages at or
below 2000 V. Care should be exercised in handling these devices, as exposure to ESD may result in
degradation of the device parametric performance.
theory of operation
Chopper-stabilized operational amplifiers offer the best dc performance of any monolithic operational amplifier.
This superior performance is the result of using two operational amplifiers — a main amplifier and a nulling
amplifier – plus oscillator-controlled logic and two external capacitors to create a system that behaves as a
single amplifier. With this approach, the TLC2654 achieves submicrovolt input offset voltage, submicrovolt
noise voltage, and offset voltage variations with temperature in the nV/°C range.
The TLC2654 on-chip control logic produces two dominant clock phases: a nulling phase and an amplifying
phase. The term chopper-stabilized derives from the process of switching between these two clock phases.
Figure 35 shows a simplified block diagram of the TLC2654. Switches A and B are make-before-break types.
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
21
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
APPLICATION INFORMATION
theory of operation (continued)
During the nulling phase, switch A is closed, shorting the nulling amplifier inputs together and allowing the nulling
amplifier to reduce its own input offset voltage by feeding its output signal back to an inverting input node.
Simultaneously, external capacitor CXA stores the nulling potential to allow the offset voltage of the amplifier to
remain nulled during the amplifying phase.
Main
IN + 5
+
4
–
IN –
10
OUT
B
A
Null
+
B
CXB
7
–
A
VDD –
CXA
Pin numbers shown are for the D (14 pin), J, and N packages.
Figure 35. TLC2654 Simplified Block Diagram
During the amplifying phase, switch B is closed, connecting the output of the nulling amplifier to a noninverting
input of the main amplifier. In this configuration, the input offset voltage of the main amplifier is nulled. Also,
external capacitor CXB stores the nulling potential to allow the offset voltage of the main amplifier to remain
nulled during the next nulling phase.
This continuous chopping process allows offset voltage nulling during variations in time and temperature and
over the common-mode input voltage range and power supply range. In addition, because the low-frequency
signal path is through both the null and main amplifiers, extremely high gain is achieved.
The low-frequency noise of a chopper amplifier depends on the magnitude of the component noise prior to
chopping and the capability of the circuit to reduce this noise while chopping. The use of the Advanced LinCMOS
process, with its low-noise analog MOS transistors and patent-pending input stage design, significantly reduces
the input noise voltage.
The primary source of nonideal operation in chopper-stabilized amplifiers is error charge from the switches. As
charge imbalance accumulates on critical nodes, input offset voltage can increase especially with increasing
chopping frequency. This problem has been significantly reduced in the TLC2654 by use of a patent-pending
compensation circuit and the Advanced LinCMOS process.
The TLC2654 incorporates a feed-forward design that ensures continuous frequency response. Essentially, the
gain magnitude of the nulling amplifier and compensation network crosses unity at the break frequency of the
main amplifier. As a result, the high-frequency response of the system is the same as the frequency response
of the main amplifier. This approach also ensures that the slewing characteristics remain the same during both
the nulling and amplifying phases.
The primary limitation on ac performance is the chopping frequency. As the input signal frequency approaches
the chopper’s clock frequency, intermodulation (or aliasing) errors result from the mixing of these frequencies.
To avoid these error signals, the input frequency must be less than half the clock frequency. Most choppers
available today limit the internal chopping frequency to less than 500 Hz in order to eliminate errors due to the
charge imbalancing phenomenon mentioned previously. However, to avoid intermodulation errors on a 500-Hz
chopper, the input signal frequency must be limited to less than 250 Hz.
22
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
TLC2654, TLC2654A
Advanced LinCMOS LOW-NOISE CHOPPER-STABILIZED
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
SLOS020G – NOVEMBER 1988 – REVISED APRIL 2001
APPLICATION INFORMATION
theory of operation (continued)
The TLC2654 removes this restriction on ac performance by using a 10-kHz internal clock frequency. This high
chopping frequency allows amplification of input signals up to 5 kHz without errors due to intermodulation and
greatly reduces low-frequency noise.
THERMAL INFORMATION
temperature coefficient of input offset voltage
Figure 36 shows the effects of package-included thermal EMF. The TLC2654 can null only the offset voltage
within its nulling loop. There are metal-to-metal junctions outside the nulling loop (bonding wires, solder joints,
etc.) that produce EMF. In Figure 36, a TLC2654 packaged in a 14-pin plastic package (N package) was placed
in an oven at 25°C at t = 0, biased up, and allowed to stabilize. At t = 3 min, the oven was turned on and allowed
to rise in temperature to 125°C. As evidenced by the curve, the overall change in input offset voltage with
temperature is less than the specified maximum limit of 0.05 µV/°C.
4
0.04
0
0
0.1 µF
V IO – Input Offset Voltage –
– 0.04
–4
–8
– 0.08
– 12
– 0.12
– 15
– 0.16
– 18
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
αaVIO – Temperature Coefficient of
VIO
µ V/ ° C
Input Offset Voltage – uV/C
0.08
µV
8
50 kΩ
IN –
5V
4
100 Ω
5
IN +
–
VIO = VO /1000
10
OUT
+
–5 V
0.1 µF
50 kΩ
VO
– 0.2
t – Time – min
Pin numbers shown are for the D (14-pin), J, and N
packages.
Figure 36. Effects of Package-Induced Thermal EMF
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
• DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
23
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
18-Aug-2022
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
Samples
(4/5)
(6)
5962-9089504QPA
ACTIVE
CDIP
JG
8
1
Non-RoHS
& Green
SNPB
N / A for Pkg Type
-55 to 125
9089504QPA
TLC2654AM
Samples
TLC2654AC-8D
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
75
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
2654AC
Samples
TLC2654ACP
ACTIVE
PDIP
P
8
50
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
N / A for Pkg Type
TLC2654AC
Samples
TLC2654AI-8D
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
75
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
2654AI
Samples
TLC2654AIP
ACTIVE
PDIP
P
8
50
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
N / A for Pkg Type
TLC2654AI
Samples
TLC2654AMJGB
ACTIVE
CDIP
JG
8
1
Non-RoHS
& Green
SNPB
N / A for Pkg Type
-55 to 125
9089504QPA
TLC2654AM
Samples
TLC2654C-14DR
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
14
2500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
0 to 70
TLC2654C
Samples
TLC2654C-8D
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
75
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
2654C
Samples
TLC2654C-8DR
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
2500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
2654C
Samples
TLC2654CN
ACTIVE
PDIP
N
14
25
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
N / A for Pkg Type
TLC2654CN
Samples
TLC2654CP
ACTIVE
PDIP
P
8
50
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
N / A for Pkg Type
TLC2654CP
Samples
TLC2654I-8D
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
75
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
2654I
Samples
TLC2654I-8DR
ACTIVE
SOIC
D
8
2500
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
2654I
Samples
TLC2654IP
ACTIVE
PDIP
P
8
50
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
N / A for Pkg Type
TLC2654IP
Samples
0 to 70
0 to 70
-40 to 85
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
18-Aug-2022
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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