TMDSEZ28044

Product Folder Order Now Technical Documents Support & Community Tools & Software TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 TMS320F28044 Digital Signal Processor 1 Device Overview 1.1 Features 1 • High-performance 100-MHz (10-ns cycle time) processor • TMS320C28x 32-bit CPU – Single-cycle 16 × 16 and 32 × 32 multiplyaccumulate (MAC) operations – Dual 16 × 16 MAC – Fast interrupt response – Unified memory programming model • On-chip memory – 64K × 16 flash – 10K × 16 SARAM – 1K × 16 OTP – 4K × 16 Boot ROM – Code Security Module protects against unauthorized memory access • Clocking – On-chip oscillator – Clock-Fail-Detect mode • Interrupts – Support for up to three external core interrupts – Peripheral Interrupt Expansion (PIE) block that supports all peripheral interrupts • High-speed, 12-bit ADC – 80-ns (12.5-MSPS) conversion rate – 16 channels – Two sample-and-hold – Single/simultaneous conversions – Internal or external reference • High-resolution PWM – 16 outputs with 150-ps resolution – 14.8 bits at 200-kHz switching – 13.4 bits at 500-kHz switching – 12.4 bits at 1-MHz switching • Endianness: Little endian 1.2 • • • Communications port peripherals – Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) module – Serial Communications Interface (SCI) – Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) bus • Timers – Three 32-bit CPU timers – Up to 16 16-bit timers – Watchdog Timer module • Up to 35 General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins with input filtering • On-chip JTAG emulation with real-time debug via hardware • JTAG boundary scan support – IEEE Standard 1149.1-1990 Standard Test Access Port and Boundary Scan Architecture • Low-power IDLE, STANDBY, and HALT modes • Development tools – Code Composer Studio™ IDE with flash programming plug-in – C28x-optimized ANSI C/C++ compiler/assembler/linker – SYS/BIOS real-time operating system – USB-based JTAG debug probes – IEEE Standard 1149.1-1990 Standard Test Access Port and Boundary Scan Architecture • Available Software – C2000™ Digital Power Supply Software Library – C28x IQ Math Library – C28x header files with example programs for all peripherals – C28x DSP Library – C28x Digital Motor Control Software Library • Package options – 100-pin Low-Profile Quad Flatpack (PZ) – 100-pin MicroStar BGA™ (GGM, ZGM) – RoHS-compliant, Green packaging • Temperature range: A: –40°C to 85°C (PZ, GGM, ZGM) Applications String inverter Industrial AC-DC • Three phase UPS 1 An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 1.3 www.ti.com Description The TMS320F28044 device, member of the TMS320C28x DSP generation, is a highly integrated, highperformance solution for demanding control applications. Throughout this document, TMS320F28044 is abbreviated as F28044. Device Information (1) PACKAGE BODY SIZE TMS320F28044ZGM PART NUMBER BGA MicroStar (100) 10.0 mm × 10.0 mm TMS320F28044GGM BGA MicroStar (100) 10.0 mm × 10.0 mm LQFP (100) 14.0 mm × 14.0 mm TMS320F28044PZ (1) 2 For more information on these devices, see Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information. Device Overview Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 1.4 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Functional Block Diagram Memory Bus TINT0 32-bit CPU TIMER 0 TINT1 32-bit CPU TIMER 1 TINT2 32-bit CPU TIMER 2 7 Real-Time JTAG (TDI, TDO, TRST, TCK, TMS, EMU0, EMU1) INT14 PIE (96 Interrupts) (A) INT[12:1] M0 SARAM 1K x 16 External Interrupt Control 32 4 16 GPIOs (35) GPIO MUX 2 SCI-A FIFO SPI-A FIFO 2 I C-A 16 NMI, INT13 M1 SARAM 1K x 16 L0 SARAM 4K x 16 (0-wait) FIFO L1 SARAM 4K x 16 (0-wait) ePWM1 to ePWM16 (16 PWM Outputs, 6 Trip Zones, 6 Timers, 16-Bit) C28x CPU (100 MHz) FLASH 64K x 16 32 SYSCLKOUT System Control XCLKOUT XRS XCLKIN X1 X2 OTP 1K x 16 RS (Oscillator, PLL, Peripheral Clocking, Low-Power Modes, Watchdog) CLKIN Boot ROM 4K x 16 (1-wait state) ADCSOCA/B SOCA/B 12-Bit ADC 16 Channels Protected by the code-security module. A. Peripheral Bus 43 of the possible 96 interrupts are used on the devices. Figure 1-1. Functional Block Diagram Device Overview Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 3 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table of Contents 1 Device Overview ......................................... 1 6 Detailed Description ................................... 53 1.1 Features .............................................. 1 6.1 Brief Descriptions.................................... 53 1.2 Applications ........................................... 1 6.2 Peripherals 1.3 Description ............................................ 2 6.3 Memory Map ........................................ 85 1.4 .......................................... 60 Functional Block Diagram ............................ 3 6.4 Register Map ........................................ 88 2 3 Revision History ......................................... 5 Device Comparison ..................................... 7 6.5 Interrupts 6.6 System Control ...................................... 96 6.7 Low-Power Modes Block 4 Terminal Configuration and Functions .............. 8 Related Products ..................................... 7 3.1 5 4.1 Pin Diagrams ......................................... 8 4.2 Signal Descriptions .................................. 10 8 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 102 TI Reference Design ............................... 103 Device and Documentation Support .............. 104 8.1 8.2 Getting Started ..................................... 104 Device and Development Support Tool Nomenclature ...................................... 105 17 8.3 Tools and Software ................................ 107 18 8.4 Documentation Support ............................ 109 20 8.5 Support Resources Thermal Resistance Characteristics for F28044 100-Ball GGM Package ............................. 21 Thermal Resistance Characteristics for F28044 100-Pin PZ Package ................................ 21 8.6 Trademarks ........................................ 111 8.7 Electrostatic Discharge Caution ........................ ESD Ratings – Commercial ......................... Recommended Operating Conditions ............... Power Consumption Summary ..................... Electrical Characteristics ........................... Absolute Maximum Ratings 5.2 .......................... 91 Applications, Implementation, and Layout ...... 103 7.1 Specifications ........................................... 16 5.1 4 7 ............................................ .................... 16 16 5.8 Thermal Design Considerations 5.9 Timing and Switching Characteristics ............... 22 21 5.10 On-Chip Analog-to-Digital Converter ................ 47 8.8 9 ................................ ................... Glossary............................................ 111 111 111 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information ............................................. 112 9.1 Packaging Information ............................. 112 Table of Contents Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 2 Revision History Changes from January 18, 2010 to June 4, 2020 (from C Revision (January 2010) to D Revision) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Page Global: Restructured document. .................................................................................................. 1 Global: Replaced "DSP/BIOS" with "SYS/BIOS". ............................................................................... 1 Global: Replaced "emulator" with "JTAG debug probe". ....................................................................... 1 Section 1 (Device Overview): Changed section title from "F28044 Digital Signal Processor" to "Device Overview". ............................................................................................................................ 1 Section 1.1 (Features): Removed "Dynamic PLL Ratio Changes Supported" feature. ...................................... 1 Section 1.1: Added "Endianness: Little Endian" feature. ........................................................................ 1 Section 1.1: Removed "F28044 eZdsp Starter Kit" feature. ..................................................................... 1 Section 1.2 (Applications): Added section. ....................................................................................... 1 Section 1.3 (Description): Added section. ........................................................................................ 2 Section 1.4 (Functional Block Diagram): Added section. ....................................................................... 3 Section 3 (Device Comparison): Changed section title from "Introduction" to "Device Comparison". .................... 7 Table 3-1 (Device Comparison): Changed table title from "Hardware Features" to "Device Comparison". ............. 7 Table 3-1: Removed "Product status" row. ....................................................................................... 7 Table 3-1: Changed "PWM outputs" to "PWM channels"........................................................................ 7 Section 3.1 (Related Products): Added section. ................................................................................. 7 Section 4 (Terminal Configuration and Functions): Added section. ........................................................... 8 Table 4-1 (Signal Descriptions): Updated DESCRIPTION of XRS. .......................................................... 10 Section 5 (Specifications): Changed section title from "Electrical Specifications" to "Specifications". .................. 16 Section 5.1 (Absolute Maximum Ratings): Updated "Long-term high-temperature storage ..." footnote. ............... 16 Section 5.2 (ESD Ratings – Commercial): Added section. .................................................................... 16 Section 5.4 (Power Consumption Summary): Changed section title from "Current Consumption" to "Power Consumption Summary". .......................................................................................................... 18 Section 5.6 (Thermal Resistance Characteristics for F28044 100-Ball GGM Package): Added section. ............... 21 Section 5.7 (Thermal Resistance Characteristics for F28044 100-Pin PZ Package): Added section. .................. 21 Section 5.8 (Thermal Design Considerations): Added section. .............................................................. 21 Section 5.9 (Timing and Switching Characteristics): Added section. ......................................................... 22 Section 5.9.2 (Power Sequencing): Updated section.. ......................................................................... 24 Figure 5-8 (General-Purpose Input Timing): Changed XCLKOUT to SYSCLK. ........................................... 32 Figure 5-12 (PWM Hi-Z Characteristics): Changed XCLKOUT to SYSCLK. ................................................ 37 Section 5.9.4.2.3 (High-Resolution PWM Timing): Added section title. ..................................................... 38 Table 5-21 (High Resolution PWM Characteristics at SYSCLKOUT = (60 - 100 MHz)): Updated footnote. ........... 38 Section 5.9.4.2.4 (ADC Start-of-Conversion Timing): Added section title.................................................... 38 Section 5.9.4.5 (Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Master Mode Timing): Updated section. .............................. 40 Section 5.9.4.6 (SPI Slave Mode Timing): Updated section. ................................................................. 42 Table 5-31 (Flash Parameters at 100-MHz SYSCLKOUT): Added footnote about the on-chip flash memory being in an erase state when the device is shipped from TI. ................................................................. 45 Table 5-31: Updated footnote about typical parameters. ..................................................................... 45 Table 5-33 (Flash Data Retention Duration): Added table. ................................................................... 45 Section 6 (Detailed Description): Changed the section title from "Functional Overview" to "Detailed Description". ... 53 Section 6.2.4 (Enhanced Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Module): Updated equations by which the digital value of the input analog voltage is derived. .................................................................................... 68 Section 6.2.4.2 (ADC Registers): Added section title. .......................................................................... 72 Figure 6-8 (Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Module Block Diagram): Updated figure. ........................... 75 Section 6.2.6 (Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Module (SPI-A)): Updated "Rising edge with phase delay" clocking scheme. .................................................................................................................... 76 Section 6.3 (Memory Map): Added NOTE about security. ..................................................................... 85 Table 6-14 (Impact of Using the Code Security Module): Added table. ..................................................... 86 Figure 6-21 (Watchdog Module): Updated figure. ............................................................................. 101 Section 7 (Applications, Implementation, and Layout): Added section. .................................................... 103 Section 8 (Device and Documentation Support): Changed section title from "Device Support" to "Device and Documentation Support". Restructured and updated section. ............................................................... 104 Section 8.1 (Getting Started): Updated section. .............................................................................. 104 Figure 8-1 (Device Nomenclature): Changed title from "Example of TMS320x280x Device Nomenclature" to "Device Nomenclature". Updated TEMPERATURE RANGE. ............................................................... 106 Section 8.3 (Tools and Software): Added section. ........................................................................... 107 Revision History Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 5 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 • • • 6 www.ti.com Section 8.4 (Documentation Support): Updated section. .................................................................... 109 Section 9 (Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information): Changed section title from "Mechanical Data" to "Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information". ....................................................................... 112 Section 9.1 (Packaging Information): Added section. ........................................................................ 112 Revision History Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 3 Device Comparison Table 3-1 provides a summary of the device's features. Table 3-1. Device Comparison TYPE (1) F28044 Instruction cycle (at 100 MHz) – 10 ns Single-access RAM (SARAM) (16-bit word) – 10K (L0, L1, M0, M1) 3.3-V on-chip flash (16-bit word) – 64K On-chip ROM (16-bit word) – – Code security for on-chip flash/SARAM/OTP blocks – Yes Boot ROM (4K × 16) – Yes One-time programmable (OTP) ROM (16-bit word) – 1K PWM channels (one 16-bit timer/module) 0 ePWM1–16 HRPWM channels 0 ePWM1–16 Watchdog timer – Yes No. of channels 1 16 MSPS 1 12.5 Conversion time 1 80 ns 32-Bit CPU timers – 3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 0 SPI-A Serial Communications Interface (SCI) 0 SCI-A Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) 0 I2C-A Digital I/O pins (shared) – 35 FEATURE 12-Bit ADC External interrupts Supply voltage Packaging Temperature options (1) 3.1 – 3 1.8-V Core, 3.3-V I/O – Yes 100-Pin PZ – Yes 100-ball GGM, ZGM – Yes A: –40°C to 85°C – (PZ, GGM, ZGM) A type change represents a major functional feature difference in a peripheral module. Within a peripheral type, there may be minor differences between devices that do not affect the basic functionality of the module. These device-specific differences are listed in the C2000 Real-Time Control Peripherals Reference Guide and in the peripheral reference guides. Related Products TMS320F2833x Microcontrollers The F2833x series is the first C2000™ MCU that is offered with a floating-point unit (FPU). It has the firstgeneration ePWM timers. The 12.5-MSPS, 12-bit ADC is still class-leading for an integrated analog-todigital converter. The F2833x has a 150-MHz CPU and up to 512KB of on-chip Flash. It is available in a 176-pin QFP or 179-ball BGA package. TMS320F2837xD Dual-Core Microcontrollers The F2837xD series sets a new standard for performance with dual subsystems. Each subsystem consists of a C28x CPU and a parallel control law accelerator (CLA), each running at 200 MHz. Enhancing performance are TMU and VCU accelerators. New capabilities include multiple 16-bit/12-bit mode ADCs, DAC, Sigma-Delta filters, USB, configurable logic block (CLB), on-chip oscillators, and enhanced versions of all peripherals. The F2837xD is available with up to 1MB of Flash. It is available in a 176-pin QFP or 337-pin BGA package. TMS320F2837xS Microcontrollers The F2837xS series is a pin-to-pin compatible version of F2837xD but with only one C28x-CPU-and-CLA subsystem enabled. It is also available in a 100-pin QFP to enable compatibility with the TMS320F2807x series. Device Comparison Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 7 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 4 Terminal Configuration and Functions 4.1 Pin Diagrams VSS GPIO18/SPICLKA/TZ1 GPIO5/EPWM6A GPIO17/SPISOMIA/TZ6 GPIO4/EPWM5A 54 53 52 51 56 55 GPIO19/SPISTEA/TZ2 GPIO6/EPWM7A/EPWMSYNCI/EPWMSYNCO 57 VDD GPIO7/EPWM8A 58 GPIO8/EPWM9A/ADCSOCAO 60 59 VSS GPIO9/EPWM10A 61 GPIO20 63 62 VDDIO GPIO10/EPWM11A/ADCSOCBO 64 XCLKOUT 66 65 VDD VSS GPIO21 GPIO11/EPWM12A 69 67 GPIO22 71 70 68 TDI GPIO23 72 74 73 TCK TMS 75 The TMS320F28044 100-pin PZ low-profile quad flatpack (LQFP) pin assignments are shown in Figure 41. The 100-ball GGM and ZGM ball grid array (BGA) terminal assignments are shown in Figure 4-2. Table 4-1 describes the function(s) of each pin. TDO 76 50 VSS 77 49 VSS XRS 78 48 GPIO3/EPWM4A GPIO27 79 47 GPIO0/EPWM1A EMU0 80 46 VDDIO EMU1 81 45 GPIO2/EPWM3A GPIO16/SPISIMOA/TZ5 VDDIO 82 44 GPIO1/EPWM2A GPIO24 83 43 GPIO34 TRST 84 42 VDD VDD 85 41 VSS X2 86 40 VDD2A18 VSS 87 39 VSS2AGND X1 88 38 ADCRESEXT 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ADCINA5 ADCINA4 ADCINA3 ADCINA2 ADCINA1 ADCINA0 ADCLO VSSAIO VDDAIO 16 26 ADCINA7 ADCINB0 100 GPIO32/SDAA/EPWMSYNCI/ADCSOCAO ADCINA6 27 15 99 VDDA2 ADCINB1 GPIO26 14 28 13 98 VSSA2 ADCINB2 TEST2 VSS1AGND 29 12 97 VDD1A18 ADCINB3 TEST1 11 30 10 96 VSS ADCINB4 VDD3VFL VDD 31 9 95 GPIO15/TZ4/EPWM16A ADCINB5 GPIO13/TZ2/EPWM14A 8 32 GPIO14/TZ3/EPWM15A 94 7 ADCINB6 VSS GPIO31/TZ4 33 6 93 5 ADCINB7 VDD GPIO30/TZ3 34 GPIO33/EPWMSYNCO/ADCSOCBO 92 4 ADCREFIN GPIO28/SCIRXDA/TZ5 3 35 VDDIO 91 GPIO29/SCITXDA/TZ6 ADCREFM GPIO25 2 ADCREFP 36 1 37 90 VSS 89 GPIO12/TZ1/EPWM13A VSS XCLKIN Figure 4-1. 100-Pin PZ LQFP (Top View) 8 Terminal Configuration and Functions Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 K VSSAIO ADCINB0 ADCINB3 ADCINB5 ADCINB7 VSS2AGND GPIO1 GPIO0 VSS GPIO16 J ADCLO VDDAIO ADCINB1 ADCINB4 ADCREFIN VDD2A18 GPIO2 GPIO3 GPIO4 GPIO17 H ADCINA1 ADCINA0 ADCINB2 ADCINB6 ADCREFM VSS VDDIO GPIO18 GPIO5 VSS G ADCINA4 ADCINA3 ADCINA2 ADCINA5 ADCREFP VDD GPIO34 GPIO7 GPIO6 GPIO19 F VSSA2 VDDA2 ADCINA7 ADCINA6 ADCRESEXT GPIO20 VSS GPIO9 GPIO8 VDD E GPIO15 VDD VSS VDD1A18 VSS1AGND X1 GPIO21 XCLKOUT VDDIO GPIO10 D GPIO31 GPIO30 GPIO14 VDD GPIO28 VSS VDD GPIO22 GPIO11 VSS C GPIO33 VDDIO GPIO29 VDD3VFL GPIO25 X2 GPIO24 GPIO27 TDI GPIO23 B VSS GPIO12 TEST2 GPIO13 XCLKIN VDD EMU1 XRS TDO TMS A GPIO32 GPIO26 TEST1 VSS VSS TRST VDDIO EMU0 VSS TCK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 BOTTOM VIEW Figure 4-2. 100-Ball GGM and ZGM MicroStar BGA™ (Bottom View) Terminal Configuration and Functions Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 9 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 4.2 www.ti.com Signal Descriptions Table 4-1 describes the signals on the F28044 device. All digital inputs are TTL-compatible. All outputs are 3.3 V with CMOS levels. Inputs are not 5-V tolerant. Table 4-1. Signal Descriptions PIN NO. NAME PZ PIN # GGM/ ZGM BALL # DESCRIPTION (1) JTAG TRST 84 A6 JTAG test reset with internal pulldown. TRST, when driven high, gives the scan system control of the operations of the device. If this signal is not connected or driven low, the device operates in its functional mode, and the test reset signals are ignored. NOTE: Do not use pullup resistors on TRST; it has an internal pull-down device. TRST is an active high test pin and must be maintained low at all times during normal device operation. An external pulldown resistor is required on this pin. The value of this resistor should be based on drive strength of the debugger pods applicable to the design. A 2.2-kΩ resistor generally offers adequate protection. Since this is application-specific, it is recommended that each target board be validated for proper operation of the debugger and the application. (I, ↓) TCK 75 A10 JTAG test clock with internal pullup (I, ↑) TMS 74 B10 JTAG test-mode select (TMS) with internal pullup. This serial control input is clocked into the TAP controller on the rising edge of TCK. (I, ↑) TDI 73 C9 JTAG test data input (TDI) with internal pullup. TDI is clocked into the selected register (instruction or data) on a rising edge of TCK. (I, ↑) TDO 76 B9 JTAG scan out, test data output (TDO). The contents of the selected register (instruction or data) are shifted out of TDO on the falling edge of TCK. (O/Z 8 mA drive) A8 Emulator pin 0. When TRST is driven high, this pin is used as an interrupt to or from the JTAG debug probe system and is defined as input/output through the JTAG scan. This pin is also used to put the device into boundary-scan mode. With the EMU0 pin at a logic-high state and the EMU1 pin at a logic-low state, a rising edge on the TRST pin would latch the device into boundary-scan mode. (I/O/Z, 8 mA drive ↑) NOTE: An external pullup resistor is recommended on this pin. The value of this resistor should be based on the drive strength of the debugger pods applicable to the design. A 2.2-kΩ to 4.7-kΩ resistor is generally adequate. Since this is application-specific, it is recommended that each target board be validated for proper operation of the debugger and the application. B7 Emulator pin 1. When TRST is driven high, this pin is used as an interrupt to or from the JTAG debug probe system and is defined as input/output through the JTAG scan. This pin is also used to put the device into boundary-scan mode. With the EMU0 pin at a logic-high state and the EMU1 pin at a logic-low state, a rising edge on the TRST pin would latch the device into boundary-scan mode. (I/O/Z, 8 mA drive ↑) NOTE: An external pullup resistor is recommended on this pin. The value of this resistor should be based on the drive strength of the debugger pods applicable to the design. A 2.2-kΩ to 4.7-kΩ resistor is generally adequate. Since this is application-specific, it is recommended that each target board be validated for proper operation of the debugger and the application. EMU0 80 EMU1 81 FLASH VDD3VFL 96 C4 3.3-V Flash Core Power Pin. This pin should be connected to 3.3 V at all times. On the ROM parts (C280x), this pin should be connected to VDDIO. TEST1 97 A3 Test Pin. Reserved for TI. Must be left unconnected. (I/O) TEST2 98 B3 Test Pin. Reserved for TI. Must be left unconnected. (I/O) CLOCK XCLKOUT 66 E8 Output clock derived from SYSCLKOUT. XCLKOUT is either the same frequency, one-half the frequency, or one-fourth the frequency of SYSCLKOUT. This is controlled by the bits 1, 0 (XCLKOUTDIV) in the XCLK register. At reset, XCLKOUT = SYSCLKOUT/4. The XCLKOUT signal can be turned off by setting XCLKOUTDIV to 3. Unlike other GPIO pins, the XCLKOUT pin is not placed in high-impedance state during a reset. (O/Z, 8 mA drive). XCLKIN 90 B5 External Oscillator Input. This pin is to feed a clock from an external 3.3-V oscillator. In this case, the X1 pin must be tied to GND. If a crystal/resonator is used (or if an external 1.8-V oscillator is used to feed clock to X1 pin), this pin must be tied to GND. (I) (1) 10 I = Input, O = Output, Z = High impedance, OD = Open drain, ↑ = Pullup, ↓ = Pulldown Terminal Configuration and Functions Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Table 4-1. Signal Descriptions (continued) PIN NO. NAME PZ PIN # GGM/ ZGM BALL # DESCRIPTION (1) X1 88 E6 Internal/External Oscillator Input. To use the internal oscillator, a quartz crystal or a ceramic resonator may be connected across X1 and X2. The X1 pin is referenced to the 1.8-V core digital power supply. A 1.8-V external oscillator may be connected to the X1 pin. In this case, the XCLKIN pin must be connected to ground. If a 3.3-V external oscillator is used with the XCLKIN pin, X1 must be tied to GND. (I) X2 86 C6 Internal Oscillator Output. A quartz crystal or a ceramic resonator may be connected across X1 and X2. If X2 is not used it must be left unconnected. (O) B8 Device Reset (in) and Watchdog Reset (out). Device reset. XRS causes the device to terminate execution. The PC will point to the address contained at the location 0x3FFFC0. When XRS is brought to a high level, execution begins at the location pointed to by the PC. This pin is driven low by the DSP when a watchdog reset occurs. During watchdog reset, the XRS pin is driven low for the watchdog reset duration of 512 OSCCLK cycles. (I/OD, ↑) The output buffer of this pin is an open-drain with an internal pullup. If this pin is driven by an external device, it should be done using an open-drain device. RESET XRS 78 ADC SIGNALS ADCINA7 16 F3 ADC Group A, Channel 7 input (I) ADCINA6 17 F4 ADC Group A, Channel 6 input (I) ADCINA5 18 G4 ADC Group A, Channel 5 input (I) ADCINA4 19 G1 ADC Group A, Channel 4 input (I) ADCINA3 20 G2 ADC Group A, Channel 3 input (I) ADCINA2 21 G3 ADC Group A, Channel 2 input (I) ADCINA1 22 H1 ADC Group A, Channel 1 input (I) ADCINA0 23 H2 ADC Group A, Channel 0 input (I) ADCINB7 34 K5 ADC Group B, Channel 7 input (I) ADCINB6 33 H4 ADC Group B, Channel 6 input (I) ADCINB5 32 K4 ADC Group B, Channel 5 input (I) ADCINB4 31 J4 ADC Group B, Channel 4 input (I) ADCINB3 30 K3 ADC Group B, Channel 3 input (I) ADCINB2 29 H3 ADC Group B, Channel 2 input (I) ADCINB1 28 J3 ADC Group B, Channel 1 input (I) ADCINB0 27 K2 ADC Group B, Channel 0 input (I) ADCLO 24 J1 Low Reference (connect to analog ground) (I) ADCRESEXT 38 F5 ADC External Current Bias Resistor. Connect a 22-kΩ resistor to analog ground. ADCREFIN 35 J5 External reference input (I) ADCREFP 37 G5 Internal Reference Positive Output. Requires a low ESR (50 mΩ – 1.5 Ω) ceramic bypass capacitor of 2.2 μF to analog ground. (O) ADCREFM 36 H5 Internal Reference Medium Output. Requires a low ESR (50 mΩ – 1.5 Ω) ceramic bypass capacitor of 2.2 μF to analog ground. (O) VDDA2 15 F2 ADC Analog Power Pin (3.3 V) VSSA2 14 F1 ADC Analog Ground Pin VDDAIO 26 J2 ADC Analog I/O Power Pin (3.3 V) VSSAIO 25 K1 ADC Analog I/O Ground Pin VDD1A18 12 E4 ADC Analog Power Pin (1.8 V) VSS1AGND 13 E5 ADC Analog Ground Pin VDD2A18 40 J6 ADC Analog Power Pin (1.8 V) VSS2AGND 39 K6 ADC Analog Ground Pin CPU AND I/O POWER PINS Terminal Configuration and Functions Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 11 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 4-1. Signal Descriptions (continued) PIN NO. PZ PIN # GGM/ ZGM BALL # VDD 10 E2 VDD 42 G6 VDD 59 F10 VDD 68 D7 VDD 85 B6 VDD 93 D4 VDDIO 3 C2 VDDIO 46 H7 VDDIO 65 E9 VDDIO 82 A7 VSS 2 B1 VSS 11 E3 VSS 41 H6 VSS 49 K9 VSS 55 H10 VSS 62 F7 VSS 69 D10 VSS 77 A9 VSS 87 D6 VSS 89 A5 VSS 94 A4 NAME DESCRIPTION (1) CPU and Logic Digital Power Pins (1.8 V) Digital I/O Power Pin (3.3 V) Digital Ground Pins GPIOA AND PERIPHERAL SIGNALS (2) GPIO0 EPWM1A GPIO1 EPWM2A GPIO2 EPWM3A GPIO3 EPWM4A GPIO4 EPWM5A GPIO5 EPWM6A - (2) (3) 12 47 44 45 48 51 53 K8 General purpose input/output 0 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM1 Output and HRPWM channel (O) - K7 General purpose input/output 1 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM2 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - J7 General purpose input/output 2 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM3 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - J8 General purpose input/output 3 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM4 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - J9 General purpose input/output 4 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM5 output A and HRPWM channel (O) - H9 General purpose input/output 5 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM6 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - All GPIO pins are I/O/Z, 4-mA drive typical (unless otherwise indicated), and have an internal pullup, which can be selectively enabled/disabled on a per-pin basis. This feature only applies to the GPIO pins. The GPIO function (shown in Italics) is the default at reset. The peripheral signals that are listed under them are alternate functions. The pullups on GPIO0–GPIO15 pins are not enabled at reset. Terminal Configuration and Functions Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Table 4-1. Signal Descriptions (continued) PIN NO. NAME GPIO6 EPWM7A EPWMSYNCI EPWMSYNCO GPIO7 EPWM8A - PZ PIN # 56 58 GGM/ ZGM BALL # DESCRIPTION G9 General purpose input/output 6 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM7 output A and HRPWM channel (O) External ePWM sync pulse input (I) External ePWM sync pulse output (O) G8 General purpose input/output 7 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM8 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - GPIO8 EPWM9A ADCSOCAO 60 F9 General purpose input/output 8 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM9 output A(O) ADC start-of-conversion A (O) GPIO9 EPWM10A - 61 F8 General purpose input/output 9 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM10 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - GPIO10 EPWM11A ADCSOCBO 64 E10 General purpose input/output 10 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM11 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) ADC start-of-conversion B (O) GPIO11 EPWM12A - 70 D9 General purpose input/output 11 (I/O/Z) (3) Enhanced PWM12 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - B2 General purpose input/output 12 (I/O/Z) (4) Trip Zone input 1 (I) Enhanced PWM13 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - B4 General purpose input/output 13 (I/O/Z) (4) Trip zone input 2 (I) Enhanced PWM14 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - D3 General purpose input/output 14 (I/O/Z) (4) Trip zone input 3 (I) Enhanced PWM15 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - E1 General purpose input/output 15 (I/O/Z) (4) Trip zone input 4 (I) Enhanced PWM16 Output A and HRPWM channel (O) - K10 General purpose input/output 16 (I/O/Z) (4) SPI-A slave in, master out (I/O) Trip zone input 5 (I) J10 General purpose input/output 17 (I/O/Z) (4) SPI-A slave out, master in (I/O) Trip zone input 6(I) H8 General purpose input/output 18 (I/O/Z) (4) SPI-A clock input/output (I/O) Trip zone input 1 (I) GPIO12 TZ1 EPWM13A GPIO13 TZ2 EPWM14A GPIO14 TZ3 EPWM15A GPIO15 TZ4 EPWM16A GPIO16 SPISIMOA TZ5 GPIO17 SPISOMIA TZ6 GPIO18 SPICLKA TZ1 GPIO19 SPISTEA TZ2 GPIO20 (4) 1 95 8 9 50 52 54 57 63 G10 F6 (1) General purpose input/output 19 (I/O/Z) (4) SPI-A slave transmit enable input/output (I/O) Trip zone input 2 (I) General purpose input/output 20 (I/O/Z) (4) - The pullups on GPIO16–GPIO34 are enabled upon reset. Terminal Configuration and Functions Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 13 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 4-1. Signal Descriptions (continued) PIN NO. NAME GPIO21 GPIO22 GPIO23 GPIO24 GPIO25 GPIO26 GPIO27 GPIO28 SCIRXDA TZ5 GPIO29 SCITXDA TZ6 GPIO30 TZ3 GPIO31 TZ4 GPIO32 SDAA EPWMSYNCI ADCSOCAO 14 PZ PIN # 67 71 72 83 91 99 79 92 4 6 7 100 GGM/ ZGM BALL # DESCRIPTION (1) E7 General purpose input/output 21 (I/O/Z) (4) - D8 General purpose input/output 22 (I/O/Z) (4) - C10 General purpose input/output 23 (I/O/Z) (4) - C7 General purpose input/output 24 (I/O/Z) (4) - C5 General purpose input/output 25 (I/O/Z) (4) - A2 General purpose input/output 26 (I/O/Z) (4) - C8 General purpose input/output 27 (I/O/Z) (4) - D5 General purpose input/output 28. This pin has an 8-mA (typical) output buffer. (I/O/Z) (4) SCI receive data (I) Trip zone 5 (I) C3 General purpose input/output 29. This pin has an 8-mA (typical) output buffer. (I/O/Z) (4) SCI transmit data (O) Trip zone 6 (I) D2 General purpose input/output 30. This pin has an 8-mA (typical) output buffer. (I/O/Z) (4) Trip zone input 3 (I) D1 General purpose input/output 31. This pin has an 8-mA (typical) output buffer. (I/O/Z) (4) Trip zone input 4 (I) A1 General purpose input/output 32 (I/O/Z) (4) I2C data open-drain bidirectional port (I/OD) Enhanced PWM external sync pulse input (I) ADC start-of-conversion (O) Terminal Configuration and Functions Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Table 4-1. Signal Descriptions (continued) PIN NO. NAME GPIO33 SCLA EPWMSYNCO ADCSOCBO GPIO34 - PZ PIN # 5 43 GGM/ ZGM BALL # DESCRIPTION C1 General-Purpose Input/Output 33 (I/O/Z) (4) I2C clock open-drain bidirectional port (I/OD) Enhanced PWM external synch pulse output (O) ADC start-of-conversion (O) G7 General-Purpose Input/Output 34 (I/O/Z) (4) - (1) Terminal Configuration and Functions Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 15 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 5 Specifications This section provides the absolute maximum ratings and the recommended operating conditions for the TMS320F28044 DSP. Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) 5.1 Unless otherwise noted, the list of absolute maximum ratings are specified over operating temperature ranges. MIN MAX VDDIO, VDD3VFL with respect to VSS –0.3 4.6 VDDA2, VDDAIO with respect to VSSA –0.3 4.6 VDD with respect to VSS –0.3 2.5 VDD1A18, VDD2A18 with respect to VSSA –0.3 2.5 VSSA2, VSSAIO, VSS1AGND, VSS2AGND with respect to VSS –0.3 0.3 Input voltage VIN –0.3 4.6 V Output voltage VO –0.3 4.6 V Supply voltage (3) UNIT V Input clamp current IIK (VIN < 0 or VIN > VDDIO) –20 20 mA Output clamp current IOK (VO < 0 or VO > VDDIO) –20 20 mA Operating ambient temperature, TA A version (GGM, PZ) (4) –40 85 °C Junction temperature TJ (4) –40 150 °C Storage temperature Tstg (4) –65 150 °C (1) (2) (3) (4) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Section 5.3 is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values are with respect to VSS, unless otherwise noted. Continuous clamp current per pin is ±2 mA. This includes the analog inputs which have an internal clamping circuit that clamps the voltage to a diode drop above VDDA2 or below VSSA2. Long-term high-temperature storage or extended use at maximum temperature conditions may result in a reduction of overall device life. For additional information, see Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics; Calculating Useful Lifetimes of Embedded Processors; and Calculating FIT for a Mission Profile. 5.2 ESD Ratings – Commercial VALUE UNIT 100-ball ZGM package V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge (ESD) Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±2000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 or ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002 (2) ±500 Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±2000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 or ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002 (2) ±500 Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1) ±2000 Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22C101 or ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002 (2) ±500 V 100-ball GGM package V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge (ESD) V 100-pin PZ package V(ESD) (1) (2) 16 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 5.3 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Recommended Operating Conditions over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN NOM MAX UNIT Device supply voltage, I/O, VDDIO 3.14 3.3 3.47 V Device supply voltage CPU, VDD 1.71 1.8 1.89 V Supply ground, VSS, VSSIO 0 V ADC supply voltage (3.3 V), VDDA2, VDDAIO 3.14 3.3 3.47 V ADC supply voltage (1.8 V), VDD1A18, VDD2A18 1.71 1.8 1.89 V Flash supply voltage, VDD3VFL 3.14 3.3 3.47 V 2 100 MHz Device clock frequency (system clock), fSYSCLKOUT High-level input voltage, VIH All inputs except X1 X1 Low-level input voltage, VIL All inputs except X1 2 VDDIO + 0.3 0.7 * VDD – 0.05 VDD VSS – 0.3 0.8 X1 All I/Os except Group 2 –4 Group 2 (1) –8 Low-level output sink current, VOL = VOL MAX, IOL All I/Os except Group 2 Ambient temperature, TA A version (1) V 0.3 * VDD + 0.05 High-level output source current, VOH = 2.4 V, IOH Group 2 V 4 (1) mA mA 8 –40 85 °C Group 2 pins are as follows: GPIO28, GPIO29, GPIO30, GPIO31, TDO, XCLKOUT, EMU0, and EMU1 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 17 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.4 www.ti.com Power Consumption Summary Table 5-1. TMS320F28044 Current Consumption by Power-Supply Pins at 100-MHz SYSCLKOUT MODE TEST CONDITIONS IDD IDDIO (1) IDD3VFL (2) IDDA18 (3) IDDA33 (4) TYP (5) MAX (6) TYP (5) MAX (6) TYP MAX (6) TYP (5) MAX (6) TYP (5) MAX (6) 205 mA 230 mA 10 mA 15 mA 35 mA 40 mA 30 mA 38 mA 1.5 mA 2 mA 75 mA 90 mA 500 μA 2 mA 2 μA 10 μA 5 μA 50 μA 15 μA 30 μA 12 mA 100 μA 500 μA 2 μA 10 μA 5 μA 50 μA 15 μA 30 μA 60 μA 120 μA 2 μA 10 μA 5 μA 50 μA 15 μA 30 μA The following peripheral clocks are enabled: • ePWM1-16 • SCI-A • SPI-A • ADC Operational (Flash) • I2C All PWM pins are toggled at 100 kHz. All I/O pins are left unconnected. Data is continuously transmitted out of the SCI-A port. The hardware multiplier is exercised. Code is running out of flash with 3 wait-states. XCLKOUT is turned off. Flash is powered down. XCLKOUT is turned off. The following peripheral clocks are enabled: • SCI-A • SPI-A IDLE • I2C STANDBY Flash is powered down. Peripheral clocks are off. 6 mA HALT Flash is powered down. Peripheral clocks are off. Input clock is disabled. 70 μA (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) IDDIO current is dependent on the electrical loading on the I/O pins. The IDD3VFL current indicated in this table is the flash read-current and does not include additional current for erase/write operations. During flash programming, extra current is drawn from the VDD and VDD3VFL rails, as indicated in Table 5-31. If the user application involves on-board flash programming, this extra current must be taken into account while architecting the power-supply stage. IDDA18 includes current into VDD1A18 and VDD2A18 pins. In order to realize the IDDA18 currents shown for IDLE, STANDBY, and HALT, clock to the ADC module must be turned off explicitly by writing to the PCLKCR0 register. IDDA33 includes current into VDDA2 and VDDAIO pins. The TYP numbers are applicable over room temperature and nominal voltage. MAX numbers are at 85°C and MAX voltage. NOTE The peripheral - I/O multiplexing implemented in the F28044 device prevents all available peripherals from being used at the same time. This is because more than one peripheral function may share an I/O pin. It is, however, possible to turn on the clocks to all the peripherals at the same time, although such a configuration is not useful. If this is done, the current drawn by the device will be more than the numbers specified in the current consumption tables. 18 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 5.4.1 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Reducing Current Consumption Since each peripheral unit has an individual clock-enable bit, significant reduction in current consumption can be achieved by turning off the clock to any peripheral module that is not used in a given application. Furthermore, any one of the three low-power modes could be taken advantage of to reduce the current consumption even further. Table 5-2 indicates the typical reduction in current consumption achieved by turning off the clocks. Table 5-2. Typical Current Consumption by Various Peripherals (at 100 MHz) (1) (1) (2) (3) PERIPHERAL MODULE IDD CURRENT REDUCTION (mA) (2) ADC 8 (3) 2 I C 5 ePWM 5 SCI 4 SPI 5 All peripheral clocks are disabled upon reset. Writing to/reading from peripheral registers is possible only after the peripheral clocks are turned on. For peripherals with multiple instances, the current quoted is per module. For example, the 5 mA number quoted for ePWM is for one ePWM module. This number represents the current drawn by the digital portion of the ADC module. Turning off the clock to the ADC module results in the elimination of the current drawn by the analog portion of the ADC (IDDA18) as well. NOTE IDDIO current consumption is reduced by 15 mA (typical) when XCLKOUT is turned off. NOTE The baseline IDD current (current when the core is executing a dummy loop with no peripherals enabled) is 110 mA, typical. To arrive at the IDD current for a given application, the current-drawn by the peripherals (enabled by that application) must be added to the baseline IDD current. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 19 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.5 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics over recommended operating conditions (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VOH High-level output voltage VOL Low-level output voltage IIL IIH Input current (low level) Input current (high level) MIN IOH = IOH MAX TYP MAX 2.4 IOH = 50 μA IOL = IOL MAX 0.4 VDDIO = 3.3 V, VIN = 0 V Pin with pulldown enabled VDDIO = 3.3 V, VIN = 0 V ±2 Pin with pullup enabled VDDIO = 3.3 V, VIN = VDDIO ±2 Pin with pulldown enabled VDDIO = 3.3 V, VIN = VDDIO (F280x) 28 50 80 Pin with pulldown enabled VDDIO = 3.3 V, VIN = VDDIO (C280x) 80 140 190 Output current, pullup or pulldown disabled CI Input capacitance All I/Os (including XRS) –80 UNIT V VDDIO – 0.2 Pin with pullup enabled IOZ 20 TEST CONDITIONS –140 V –190 μA VO = VDDIO or 0 V ±2 2 Specifications μA μA pF Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 5.6 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Thermal Resistance Characteristics for F28044 100-Ball GGM Package RΘJC Junction-to-case thermal resistance RΘJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance RΘJA (High k PCB) PsiJT (1) (2) Junction-to-free air thermal resistance Junction-to-package top °C/W (1) AIR FLOW (lfm) (2) 10.36 N/A 13.3 N/A 28.15 0 26.89 150 25.68 250 24.22 500 0.38 0 0.35 150 0.33 250 0.44 500 These values are based on a JEDEC defined 2S2P system (with the exception of the Theta JC [RΘJC] value, which is based on a JEDEC defined 1S0P system) and will change based on environment as well as application. For more information, see these EIA/JEDEC standards: • JESD51-2, Integrated Circuits Thermal Test Method Environmental Conditions - Natural Convection (Still Air) • JESD51-3, Low Effective Thermal Conductivity Test Board for Leaded Surface Mount Packages • JESD51-7, High Effective Thermal Conductivity Test Board for Leaded Surface Mount Packages • JESD51-9, Test Boards for Area Array Surface Mount Package Thermal Measurements lfm = linear feet per minute 5.7 Thermal Resistance Characteristics for F28044 100-Pin PZ Package °C/W (1) AIR FLOW (lfm) (2) RΘJC Junction-to-case thermal resistance 7.06 N/A RΘJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 28.76 N/A RΘJA (High k PCB) PsiJT (1) (2) 5.8 Junction-to-free air thermal resistance Junction-to-package top 44.02 0 28.34 150 36.28 250 33.68 500 0.2 0 0.56 150 0.7 250 0.95 500 These values are based on a JEDEC defined 2S2P system (with the exception of the Theta JC [RΘJC] value, which is based on a JEDEC defined 1S0P system) and will change based on environment as well as application. For more information, see these EIA/JEDEC standards: • JESD51-2, Integrated Circuits Thermal Test Method Environmental Conditions - Natural Convection (Still Air) • JESD51-3, Low Effective Thermal Conductivity Test Board for Leaded Surface Mount Packages • JESD51-7, High Effective Thermal Conductivity Test Board for Leaded Surface Mount Packages • JESD51-9, Test Boards for Area Array Surface Mount Package Thermal Measurements lfm = linear feet per minute Thermal Design Considerations Based on the end application design and operational profile, the IDD and IDDIO currents could vary. Systems with more than 1 Watt power dissipation may require a product level thermal design. Care should be taken to keep Tj within specified limits. In the end applications, Tcase should be measured to estimate the operating junction temperature Tj. Tcase is normally measured at the center of the package top side surface. The thermal application note Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics helps to understand the thermal metrics and definitions. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 21 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.9 www.ti.com Timing and Switching Characteristics 5.9.1 Timing Parameter Symbology Timing parameter symbols used are created in accordance with JEDEC Standard 100. To shorten the symbols, some of the pin names and other related terminology have been abbreviated as follows: 5.9.1.1 Lowercase subscripts and their meanings: Letters and symbols and their meanings: a access time H High c cycle time (period) L Low d delay time V Valid f fall time X Unknown, changing, or don't care level h hold time Z High impedance r rise time su setup time t transition time v valid time w pulse duration (width) General Notes on Timing Parameters All output signals from the 28x devices (including XCLKOUT) are derived from an internal clock such that all output transitions for a given half-cycle occur with a minimum of skewing relative to each other. The signal combinations shown in the following timing diagrams may not necessarily represent actual cycles. For actual cycle examples, see the appropriate cycle description section of this document. 5.9.1.2 Test Load Circuit This test load circuit is used to measure all switching characteristics provided in this document. Tester Pin Electronics 42 W Data Sheet Timing Reference Point Output Under Test 3.5 nH Transmission Line (A) Z0 = 50 W Device Pin 4.0 pF A. B. (B) 1.85 pF Input requirements in this data sheet are tested with an input slew rate of < 4 Volts per nanosecond (4 V/ns) at the device pin. The data sheet provides timing at the device pin. For output timing analysis, the tester pin electronics and its transmission line effects must be taken into account. A transmission line with a delay of 2 ns or longer can be used to produce the desired transmission line effect. The transmission line is intended as a load only. It is not necessary to add or subtract the transmission line delay (2 ns or longer) from the data sheet timing. Figure 5-1. 3.3-V Test Load Circuit 22 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 5.9.1.3 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Device Clock Table This section provides the timing requirements and switching characteristics for the various clock options available on the F28044 DSP. Table 5-3 lists the cycle times of various clocks. Table 5-3. TMS320x280x Clock Table and Nomenclature MIN On-chip oscillator clock XCLKIN (1) SYSCLKOUT XCLKOUT HSPCLK (2) LSPCLK (2) ADC clock (1) (2) (3) tc(OSC), Cycle time NOM 28.6 MAX UNIT 50 ns MHz Frequency 20 35 tc(CI), Cycle time 10 250 ns 4 100 MHz 10 500 ns MHz Frequency tc(SCO), Cycle time Frequency 2 100 tc(XCO), Cycle time 10 2000 ns Frequency 0.5 100 MHz tc(HCO), Cycle time 10 100 MHz 20 (3) 50 (3) Frequency tc(LCO), Cycle time 10 Frequency 40 (3) 25 tc(ADCCLK), Cycle time ns (3) ns 100 MHz 12.5 MHz 80 Frequency ns This also applies to the X1 pin if a 1.8-V oscillator is used. Lower LSPCLK and HSPCLK will reduce device power consumption. This is the default reset value if SYSCLKOUT = 100 MHz. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 23 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.9.2 www.ti.com Power Sequencing No requirements are placed on the power up/down sequence of the various power pins to ensure the correct reset state for all the modules. However, if the 3.3-V transistors in the level shifting output buffers of the I/O pins are powered prior to the 1.8-V transistors, it is possible for the output buffers to turn on, causing a glitch to occur on the pin during power up. To avoid this behavior, power the VDD (core voltage) pins prior to or simultaneously with the VDDIO (input/output voltage) pins, ensuring that the VDD pins have reached 0.7 V before or at the same time as the VDDIO pins reach 0.7 V. There are some requirements on the XRS pin: 1. During power up, the XRS pin must be held low for tw(RSL1) after the input clock is stable (see Table 55). This is to enable the entire device to start from a known condition. 2. During power down, the XRS pin must be pulled low at least 8 μs prior to VDD reaching 1.5 V. This is to enhance flash reliability. No voltage larger than a diode drop (0.7 V) above VDDIO should be applied to any digital pin (for analog pins, it is 0.7 V above VDDA) prior to powering up the device. Voltages applied to pins on an unpowered device can bias internal p-n junctions in unintended ways and produce unpredictable results. 5.9.2.1 Power Management and Supervisory Circuit Solutions Table 5-4 lists the power management and supervisory circuit solutions for F28044 DSP. LDO selection depends on the total power consumed in the end application. Go to www.power.ti.com for a complete list of TI power ICs or select the Reference Designs link for specific power reference designs. Table 5-4. Power Management and Supervisory Circuit Solutions SUPPLIER TYPE PART DESCRIPTION Texas Instruments LDO TPS767D301 Texas Instruments LDO TPS70202 Dual 500/250-mA LDO with SVS Texas Instruments LDO TPS766xx 250-mA LDO with PG Texas Instruments SVS TPS3808 Open Drain SVS with programmable delay Dual 1-A low-dropout regulator (LDO) with supply voltage supervisor (SVS) Texas Instruments SVS TPS3803 Low-cost Open-drain SVS with 5-μS delay Texas Instruments LDO TPS799xx 200-mA LDO in WCSP package Texas Instruments LDO TPS736xx 400-mA LDO with 40 mV of VDO Texas Instruments DC/DC TPS62110 High Vin 1.2-A dc/dc converter in 4 x 4 QFN package Texas Instruments DC/DC TPS6230x 500-mA converter in WCSP package 24 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 VDDIO, VDD3VFL VDDA2, VDDAIO (3.3 V) VDD, VDD1A18, VDD2A18 (1.8 V) XCLKIN X1/X2 OSCCLK/8(A) XCLKOUT User-Code Dependent tOSCST tw(RSL1) XRS Address/Data Valid. Internal Boot-ROM Code Execution Phase Address/Data/ Control (Internal) td(EX) th(boot-mode)(B) Boot-Mode Pins User-Code Execution Phase User-Code Dependent GPIO Pins as Input Peripheral/GPIO Function Based on Boot Code Boot-ROM Execution Starts I/O Pins(C) GPIO Pins as Input (State Depends on Internal PU/PD) User-Code Dependent A. B. C. Upon power up, SYSCLKOUT is OSCCLK/2. Since the XCLKOUTDIV bits in the XCLK register come up with a reset state of 0, SYSCLKOUT is further divided by 4 before it appears at XCLKOUT. This explains why XCLKOUT = OSCCLK/8 during this phase. After reset, the boot ROM code samples Boot Mode pins. Based on the status of the Boot Mode pin, the boot code branches to destination memory or boot code function. If boot ROM code executes after power-on conditions (in debugger environment), the boot code execution time is based on the current SYSCLKOUT speed. The SYSCLKOUT will be based on user environment and could be with or without PLL enabled. See Section 5.9.2 for requirements to ensure a high-impedance state for GPIO pins during power-up. Figure 5-2. Power-on Reset Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 25 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 5-5. Reset (XRS) Timing Requirements MIN (1) tw(RSL1) Pulse duration, stable XCLKIN to XRS high tw(RSL2) Pulse duration, XRS low tw(WDRS) Pulse duration, reset pulse generated by watchdog td(EX) Delay time, address/data valid after XRS high tOSCST (2) UNIT 8tc(OSCCLK) cycles 512tc(OSCCLK) cycles 32tc(OSCCLK) cycles 1 Hold time for boot-mode pins MAX cycles Oscillator start-up time th(boot-mode) (1) (2) Warm reset NOM 8tc(OSCCLK) 10 200tc(OSCCLK) ms cycles In addition to the tw(RSL1) requirement, XRS has to be low at least for 1 ms after VDD reaches 1.5 V. Dependent on crystal/resonator and board design. XCLKIN X1/X2 OSCCLK/8 XCLKOUT User-Code Dependent OSCCLK * 5 tw(RSL2) XRS Address/Data/ Control (Internal) td(EX) (Don’t Care) User-Code Execution Boot-ROM Execution Starts Boot-Mode Pins User-Code Execution Phase Peripheral/GPIO Function GPIO Pins as Input th(boot-mode)(A) Peripheral/GPIO Function User-Code Execution Starts I/O Pins User-Code Dependent GPIO Pins as Input (State Depends on Internal PU/PD) User-Code Dependent A. After reset, the Boot ROM code samples BOOT Mode pins. Based on the status of the Boot Mode pin, the boot code branches to destination memory or boot code function. If Boot ROM code executes after power-on conditions (in debugger environment), the Boot code execution time is based on the current SYSCLKOUT speed. The SYSCLKOUT will be based on user environment and could be with or without PLL enabled. Figure 5-3. Warm Reset 26 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Figure 5-4 shows an example for the effect of writing into PLLCR register. In the first phase, PLLCR = 0x0004 and SYSCLKOUT = OSCCLK x 2. The PLLCR is then written with 0x0008. Right after the PLLCR register is written, the PLL lock-up phase begins. During this phase, SYSCLKOUT = OSCCLK/2. After the PLL lock-up is complete (which takes 131072 OSCCLK cycles), SYSCLKOUT reflects the new operating frequency, OSCCLK x 4. OSCCLK Write to PLLCR SYSCLKOUT OSCCLK * 2 OSCCLK/2 OSCCLK * 4 (Current CPU Frequency) (CPU Frequency While PLL is Stabilizing With the Desired Frequency. This Period (PLL Lock-up Time, tp) is 131072 OSCCLK Cycles Long.) (Changed CPU Frequency) Figure 5-4. Example of Effect of Writing Into PLLCR Register Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 27 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.9.3 www.ti.com Clock Requirements and Characteristics Table 5-6. Input Clock Frequency PARAMETER fx Input clock frequency MIN MAX 20 Crystal (X1/X2) 20 35 4 100 External oscillator/clock source (XCLKIN or X1 pin) fl TYP Resonator (X1/X2) Limp mode SYSCLKOUT frequency range (with /2 enabled) UNIT 35 1–5 MHz MHz Table 5-7. XCLKIN (1) Timing Requirements - PLL Enabled NO. C8 tc(CI) Cycle time, XCLKIN MIN MAX UNIT 33.3 200 ns C9 tf(CI) Fall time, XCLKIN 6 ns C10 tr(CI) Rise time, XCLKIN 6 ns C11 tw(CIL) Pulse duration, XCLKIN low as a percentage of tc(OSCCLK) 45 55 % C12 tw(CIH) Pulse duration, XCLKIN high as a percentage of tc(OSCCLK) 45 55 % MIN MAX UNIT 10 250 ns Up to 20 MHz 6 ns 20 MHz to 100 MHz 2 ns Up to 20 MHz 6 ns 20 MHz to 100 MHz 2 ns (1) This applies to the X1 pin also. Table 5-8. XCLKIN (1) Timing Requirements - PLL Disabled NO. C8 tc(CI) Cycle time, XCLKIN C9 tf(CI) Fall time, XCLKIN C10 tr(CI) Rise time, XCLKIN C11 tw(CIL) Pulse duration, XCLKIN low as a percentage of tc(OSCCLK) 45 55 % C12 tw(CIH) Pulse duration, XCLKIN high as a percentage of tc(OSCCLK) 45 55 % (1) This applies to the X1 pin also. The possible configuration modes are shown in Table 6-25. Table 5-9. XCLKOUT Switching Characteristics (PLL Bypassed or Enabled) (1) NO. (1) (2) (3) 28 PARAMETER MIN TYP C1 tc(XCO) Cycle time, XCLKOUT C3 tf(XCO) Fall time, XCLKOUT 2 C4 tr(XCO) Rise time, XCLKOUT 2 C5 tw(XCOL) Pulse duration, XCLKOUT low H–2 C6 tw(XCOH) Pulse duration, XCLKOUT high H–2 tp PLL lock time (2) MAX 10 UNIT ns ns ns H+2 H+2 131072tc(OSCCLK) (3) ns ns cycles A load of 40 pF is assumed for these parameters. H = 0.5tc(XCO) OSCCLK is either the output of the on-chip oscillator or the output from an external oscillator. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 C10 C9 C8 XCLKIN(A) C1 C6 C3 C4 C5 XCLKOUT(B) A. B. The relationship of XCLKIN to XCLKOUT depends on the divide factor chosen. The waveform relationship shown is intended to illustrate the timing parameters only and may differ based on actual configuration. XCLKOUT configured to reflect SYSCLKOUT. Figure 5-5. Clock Timing Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 29 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.9.4 www.ti.com Peripherals 5.9.4.1 5.9.4.1.1 General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) GPIO - Output Timing Table 5-10. General-Purpose Output Switching Characteristics PARAMETER MIN MAX UNIT tr(GPO) Rise time, GPIO switching low to high All GPIOs 8 ns tf(GPO) Fall time, GPIO switching high to low All GPIOs 8 ns tfGPO Toggling frequency, GPO pins 25 MHz GPIO tr(GPO) tf(GPO) Figure 5-6. General-Purpose Output Timing 5.9.4.1.2 GPIO - Input Timing Table 5-11. General-Purpose Input Timing Requirements MIN tw(SP) Sampling period tw(IQSW) Input qualifier sampling window tw(GPI) (1) (2) 30 (2) Pulse duration, GPIO low/high MAX UNIT QUALPRD = 0 1tc(SCO) cycles QUALPRD ≠ 0 2tc(SCO) * QUALPRD cycles tw(SP) * [n (1) – 1] cycles 2tc(SCO) cycles tw(IQSW) + tw(SP) + 1tc(SCO) cycles Synchronous mode With input qualifier "n" represents the number of qualification samples as defined by GPxQSELn register. For tw(GPI), pulse width is measured from VIL to VIL for an active low signal and VIH to VIH for an active high signal. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 (A) GPIO Signal GPxQSELn = 1,0 (6 samples) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 tw(SP) 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sampling Period determined by GPxCTRL[QUALPRD](B) tw(IQSW) (SYSCLKOUT cycle * 2 * QUALPRD) * 5(C)) Sampling Window SYSCLKOUT QUALPRD = 1 (SYSCLKOUT/2) (D) Output From Qualifier A. B. C. D. This glitch will be ignored by the input qualifier. The QUALPRD bit field specifies the qualification sampling period. It can vary from 00 to 0xFF. If QUALPRD = 00, then the sampling period is 1 SYSCLKOUT cycle. For any other value "n", the qualification sampling period in 2n SYSCLKOUT cycles (that is, at every 2n SYSCLKOUT cycles, the GPIO pin will be sampled). The qualification period selected via the GPxCTRL register applies to groups of 8 GPIO pins. The qualification block can take either three or six samples. The GPxQSELn Register selects which sample mode is used. In the example shown, for the qualifier to detect the change, the input should be stable for 10 SYSCLKOUT cycles or greater. In other words, the inputs should be stable for (5 x QUALPRD x 2) SYSCLKOUT cycles. This would ensure 5 sampling periods for detection to occur. Since external signals are driven asynchronously, an 13-SYSCLKOUT-wide pulse ensures reliable recognition. Figure 5-7. Sampling Mode Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 31 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 5.9.4.1.3 Sampling Window Width for Input Signals The following section summarizes the sampling window width for input signals for various input qualifier configurations. Sampling frequency denotes how often a signal is sampled with respect to SYSCLKOUT. Sampling frequency = SYSCLKOUT/(2 * QUALPRD), if QUALPRD ≠ 0 Sampling frequency = SYSCLKOUT, if QUALPRD = 0 Sampling period = SYSCLKOUT cycle x 2 x QUALPRD, if QUALPRD ≠ 0 In the above equations, SYSCLKOUT cycle indicates the time period of SYSCLKOUT. Sampling period = SYSCLKOUT cycle, if QUALPRD = 0 In a given sampling window, either 3 or 6 samples of the input signal are taken to determine the validity of the signal. This is determined by the value written to GPxQSELn register. Case 1: Qualification using 3 samples Sampling window width = (SYSCLKOUT cycle x 2 x QUALPRD) x 2, if QUALPRD ≠ 0 Sampling window width = (SYSCLKOUT cycle) x 2, if QUALPRD = 0 Case 2: Qualification using 6 samples Sampling window width = (SYSCLKOUT cycle x 2 x QUALPRD) x 5, if QUALPRD ≠ 0 Sampling window width = (SYSCLKOUT cycle) x 5, if QUALPRD = 0 SYSCLK GPIOxn tw(GPI) Figure 5-8. General-Purpose Input Timing NOTE The pulse-width requirement for general-purpose input is applicable for the XINT2_ADCSOC signal as well. 32 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.9.4.1.4 Low-Power Mode Wakeup Timing Table 5-12 shows the timing requirements, Table 5-13 shows the switching characteristics, and Figure 5-9 shows the timing diagram for IDLE mode. Table 5-12. IDLE Mode Timing Requirements (1) MIN tw(WAKE-INT) (1) Pulse duration, external wake-up signal Without input qualifier NOM MAX 2tc(SCO) With input qualifier UNIT cycles 5tc(SCO) + tw(IQSW) For an explanation of the input qualifier parameters, see Table 5-11. Table 5-13. IDLE Mode Switching Characteristics (1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Delay time, external wake signal to program execution resume (2) • td(WAKE-IDLE) • • Wake-up from Flash – Flash module in active state Without input qualifier Wake-up from Flash – Flash module in sleep state Without input qualifier Wake-up from SARAM Without input qualifier With input qualifier With input qualifier With input qualifier (1) (2) 20tc(SCO) 20tc(SCO) + tw(IQSW) 1050tc(SCO) 1050tc(SCO) + tw(IQSW) 20tc(SCO) 20tc(SCO) + tw(IQSW) cycles cycles cycles For an explanation of the input qualifier parameters, see Table 5-11. This is the time taken to begin execution of the instruction that immediately follows the IDLE instruction. execution of an ISR (triggered by the wake up) signal involves additional latency. td(WAKE−IDLE) Address/Data (internal) XCLKOUT tw(WAKE−INT) WAKE INT(A)(B) A. B. WAKE INT can be any enabled interrupt, WDINT, XNMI, or XRS. From the time the IDLE instruction is executed to place the device into low-power mode (LPM), wakeup should not be initiated until at least 4 OSCCLK cycles have elapsed. Figure 5-9. IDLE Entry and Exit Timing Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 33 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 5-14. STANDBY Mode Timing Requirements tw(WAKE-INT) (1) Pulse duration, external wake-up signal TEST CONDITIONS MIN Without input qualification 3tc(OSCCLK) With input qualification (1) NOM MAX UNIT cycles (2 + QUALSTDBY) * tc(OSCCLK) QUALSTDBY is a 6-bit field in the LPMCR0 register. Table 5-15. STANDBY Mode Switching Characteristics PARAMETER td(IDLE-XCOL) TEST CONDITIONS Delay time, IDLE instruction executed to XCLKOUT low MIN 32tc(SCO) TYP MAX UNIT 45tc(SCO) cycles Delay time, external wake signal to program execution resume (1) • td(WAKE-STBY) • cycles Wake up from flash – Flash module in active state Without input qualifier Wake up from flash – Flash module in sleep state Without input qualifier With input qualifier With input qualifier Without input qualifier • (1) 34 Wake up from SARAM With input qualifier 100tc(SCO) 100tc(SCO) + tw(WAKE-INT) cycles 1125tc(SCO) 1125tc(SCO) + tw(WAKE-INT) 100tc(SCO) 100tc(SCO) + tw(WAKE-INT) cycles cycles This is the time taken to begin execution of the instruction that immediately follows the IDLE instruction. execution of an ISR (triggered by the wake up signal) involves additional latency. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 (A) (C) (B) Device Status STANDBY (E) (D) (F) STANDBY Normal Execution Flushing Pipeline Wake-up Signal(G)(H) tw(WAKE-INT) td(WAKE-STBY) X1/X2 or X1 or XCLKIN XCLKOUT td(IDLE−XCOL) A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. IDLE instruction is executed to put the device into STANDBY mode. The PLL block responds to the STANDBY signal. SYSCLKOUT is held for approximately 32 cycles (if CLKINDIV = 0) or 64 cycles (if CLKINDIV = 1) before being turned off. This delay enables the CPU pipe and any other pending operations to flush properly. Clock to the peripherals are turned off. However, the PLL and watchdog are not shut down. The device is now in STANDBY mode. The external wake-up signal is driven active. After a latency period, the STANDBY mode is exited. Normal execution resumes. The device will respond to the interrupt (if enabled). The wake-up signal fed to a GPIO pin to wake up the device must meet the minimum pulse width requirement. Furthermore, this signal must be free of glitches. If a noisy signal is fed to a GPIO pin, the wake-up behavior of the device will not be deterministic. From the time the IDLE instruction is executed to place the device into low-power mode (LPM), wakeup should not be initiated until at least 4 OSCCLK cycles have elapsed. Figure 5-10. STANDBY Entry and Exit Timing Diagram Table 5-16. HALT Mode Timing Requirements MIN tw(WAKE-GPIO) Pulse duration, GPIO wake-up signal tw(WAKE-XRS) Pulse duration, XRS wakeup signal (1) NOM MAX UNIT (1) cycles toscst + 8tc(OSCCLK) cycles toscst + 2tc(OSCCLK) See Table 5-5 for an explanation of toscst. Table 5-17. HALT Mode Switching Characteristics PARAMETER MIN td(IDLE-XCOL) Delay time, IDLE instruction executed to XCLKOUT low tp PLL lock-up time td(WAKE-HALT) Delay time, PLL lock to program execution resume • Wake up from flash – Flash module in sleep state • 32tc(SCO) Wake up from SARAM TYP MAX UNIT 45tc(SCO) cycles 131072tc(OSCCLK) cycles 1125tc(SCO) cycles 35tc(SCO) cycles Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 35 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com (A) (C) Device Status (D) HALT Flushing Pipeline (G) (E) (B) (F) HALT PLL Lock-up Time Wake-up Latency Normal Execution GPIOn(H)(I) td(WAKE−HALT) tw(WAKE-GPIO) tp X1/X2 or XCLKIN Oscillator Start-up Time XCLKOUT td(IDLE−XCOL) A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. IDLE instruction is executed to put the device into HALT mode. The PLL block responds to the HALT signal. SYSCLKOUT is held for approximately 32 cycles (if CLKINDIV = 0) or 64 cycles (if CLKINDIV = 1) before the oscillator is turned off and the CLKIN to the core is stopped. This delay enables the CPU pipe and any other pending operations to flush properly. Clocks to the peripherals are turned off and the PLL is shut down. If a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator is used as the clock source, the internal oscillator is shut down as well. The device is now in HALT mode and consumes absolute minimum power. When the GPIOn pin (used to bring the device out of HALT) is driven low, the oscillator is turned on and the oscillator wake-up sequence is initiated. The GPIO pin should be driven high only after the oscillator has stabilized. This enables the provision of a clean clock signal during the PLL lock sequence. Since the falling edge of the GPIO pin asynchronously begins the wakeup process, care should be taken to maintain a low noise environment prior to entering and during HALT mode. Once the oscillator has stabilized, the PLL lock sequence is initiated, which takes 131,072 OSCCLK (X1/X2 or X1 or XCLKIN) cycles. Note that these 131,072 clock cycles are applicable even when the PLL is disabled (that is, code execution will be delayed by this duration even when the PLL is disabled). Clocks to the core and peripherals are enabled. The HALT mode is now exited. The device will respond to the interrupt (if enabled), after a latency. Normal operation resumes. The wake-up signal fed to a GPIO pin to wake up the device must meet the minimum pulse width requirement. Furthermore, this signal must be free of glitches. If a noisy signal is fed to a GPIO pin, the wake-up behavior of the device will not be deterministic. From the time the IDLE instruction is executed to place the device into low-power mode (LPM), wakeup should not be initiated until at least 4 OSCCLK cycles have elapsed. Figure 5-11. HALT Wake-Up Using GPIOn 36 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 5.9.4.2 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Enhanced Control Peripherals 5.9.4.2.1 Enhanced Pulse Width Modulator (ePWM) Timing Table 5-18 shows the PWM output timing requirements and Table 5-19, switching characteristics. Table 5-18. ePWM Timing Requirements (1) TEST CONDITIONS tw(SYCIN) Sync input pulse width MAX UNIT Asynchronous 2tc(SCO) cycles Synchronous 2tc(SCO) cycles 1tc(SCO) + tw(IQSW) cycles With input qualifier (1) MIN For an explanation of the input qualifier parameters, see Table 5-11. Table 5-19. ePWM Switching Characteristics PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS tw(PWM) Pulse duration, PWMx output high/low tw(SYNCOUT) Sync output pulse width td(PWM)tza Delay time, trip input active to PWM forced high Delay time, trip input active to PWM forced low td(TZ-PWM)HZ Delay time, trip input active to PWM Hi-Z MIN MAX UNIT 20 ns 8tc(SCO) cycles no pin load 25 ns 20 ns 5.9.4.2.2 Trip-Zone Input Timing Table 5-20. Trip-Zone input Timing Requirements (1) MIN tw(TZ) Pulse duration, TZx input low Asynchronous (1) UNIT cycles 2tc(SCO) cycles 1tc(SCO) + tw(IQSW) cycles Synchronous With input qualifier MAX 1tc(SCO) For an explanation of the input qualifier parameters, see Table 5-11. SYSCLK tw(TZ) (A) TZ td(TZ-PWM)HZ (B) PWM A. B. TZ - TZ1, TZ2, TZ3, TZ4, TZ5, TZ6 PWM refers to all the PWM pins in the device. The state of the PWM pins after TZ is taken high depends on the PWM recovery software. Figure 5-12. PWM Hi-Z Characteristics Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 37 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 5.9.4.2.3 High-Resolution PWM Timing Table 5-21 shows the high-resolution PWM switching characteristics. Table 5-21. High Resolution PWM Characteristics at SYSCLKOUT = (60 - 100 MHz) MIN Micro Edge Positioning (MEP) step size (1) (1) TYP MAX UNIT 150 310 ps The MEP step size will be largest at high temperature and minimum voltage on VDD. MEP step size will increase with higher temperature and lower voltage and decrease with lower temperature and higher voltage. Applications that use the HRPWM feature should use MEP Scale Factor Optimizer (SFO) estimation software functions. See the TI software libraries for details of using SFO function in end applications. SFO functions help to estimate the number of MEP steps per SYSCLKOUT period dynamically while the HRPWM is in operation. 5.9.4.2.4 ADC Start-of-Conversion Timing Table 5-22. External ADC Start-of-Conversion Switching Characteristics PARAMETER tw(ADCSOCAL) MIN Pulse duration, ADCSOCAO low MAX 32tc(HCO ) UNIT cycles tw(ADCSOCAL) ADCSOCAO or ADCSOCBO Figure 5-13. ADCSOCAO or ADCSOCBO Timing 5.9.4.3 External Interrupt Timing Table 5-23. External Interrupt Timing Requirements (1) TEST CONDITIONS tw(INT) (1) (2) (2) Pulse duration, INT input low/high MIN MAX UNIT Synchronous 1tc(SCO) cycles With qualifier 1tc(SCO) + tw(IQSW) cycles For an explanation of the input qualifier parameters, see Table 5-11. This timing is applicable to any GPIO pin configured for ADCSOC functionality. Table 5-24. External Interrupt Switching Characteristics (1) PARAMETER td(INT) (1) MIN Delay time, INT low/high to interrupt-vector fetch MAX UNIT tw(IQSW) + 12tc(SCO) cycles For an explanation of the input qualifier parameters, see Table 5-11. tw(INT) XNMI, XINT1, XINT2 td(INT) Address bus (internal) Interrupt Vector Figure 5-14. External Interrupt Timing 38 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 5.9.4.4 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 I2C Electrical Specification and Timing Table 5-25. I2C Timing TEST CONDITIONS MIN 2 I C clock module frequency is between 7 MHz and 12 MHz and I2C prescaler and clock divider registers are configured appropriately MAX UNIT 400 kHz fSCL SCL clock frequency vil Low level input voltage Vih High level input voltage Vhys Input hysteresis Vol Low level output voltage 3 mA sink current tLOW Low period of SCL clock I2C clock module frequency is between 7 MHz and 12 MHz and I2C prescaler and clock divider registers are configured appropriately 1.3 μs tHIGH High period of SCL clock I2C clock module frequency is between 7 MHz and 12 MHz and I2C prescaler and clock divider registers are configured appropriately 0.6 μs lI Input current with an input voltage between 0.1 VDDIO and 0.9 VDDIO MAX 0.3 VDDIO V 0.05 VDDIO V 0 –10 0.4 10 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 V 0.7 VDDIO V μA 39 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.9.4.5 www.ti.com Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Master Mode Timing Table 5-26 lists the master mode timing (clock phase = 0) and Table 5-27 lists the master mode timing (clock phase = 1). Figure 5-15 and Figure 5-16 show the timing waveforms. Table 5-26. SPI Master Mode External Timing (Clock Phase = 0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) NO. 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) BRR EVEN PARAMETER BRR ODD MIN MAX 4tc(LSPCLK) UNIT MIN MAX 128tc(LSPCLK) 5tc(LSPCLK) 127tc(LSPCLK) ns 0.5tc(SPC)M + 0.5tc(LSPCLK) + 10 ns 0.5tc(SPC)M – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) + 10 ns 10 ns tc(SPC)M Cycle time, SPICLK 2 tw(SPC1)M Pulse duration, SPICLK first pulse 0.5tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M + 10 0.5tc(SPC)M + 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 3 tw(SPC2)M Pulse duration, SPICLK second pulse 0.5tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M + 10 0.5tc(SPC)M – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 4 td(SIMO)M Delay time, SPICLK to SPISIMO valid 5 tv(SIMO)M Valid time, SPISIMO valid after SPICLK 8 tsu(SOMI)M Setup time, SPISOMI before SPICLK 9 th(SOMI)M Hold time, SPISOMI valid after SPICLK 23 td(SPC)M Delay time, SPISTE active to SPICLK 24 td(STE)M Delay time, SPICLK to SPISTE inactive 10 0.5tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 ns 35 35 ns 0 0 ns tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 ns 0.5tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 ns The MASTER / SLAVE bit (SPICTL.2) is set and the CLOCK PHASE bit (SPICTL.3) is cleared. tc(SPC) = SPI clock cycle time = LSPCLK/4 or LSPCLK/(SPIBRR +1) tc(LCO) = LSPCLK cycle time Internal clock prescalers must be adjusted such that the SPI clock speed is limited to the following SPI clock rate: Master mode transmit 25-MHz MAX, master mode receive 12.5-MHz MAX Slave mode transmit 12.5-MAX, slave mode receive 12.5-MHz MAX. The active edge of the SPICLK signal referenced is controlled by the clock polarity bit (SPICCR.6). 1 SPICLK (clock polarity = 0) 2 3 SPICLK (clock polarity = 1) 4 5 SPISIMO Master Out Data Is Valid 8 9 Master In Data Must Be Valid SPISOMI 24 23 SPISTE Figure 5-15. SPI Master Mode External Timing (Clock Phase = 0) 40 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Table 5-27. SPI Master Mode External Timing (Clock Phase = 1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) NO. 1 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) BRR EVEN PARAMETER BRR ODD MIN MAX 4tc(LSPCLK) UNIT MIN MAX 128tc(LSPCLK) 5tc(LSPCLK) 127tc(LSPCLK) ns 0.5tc(SPC)M – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) + 10 ns 0.5tc(SPC)M + 0.5tc(LSPCLK) + 10 ns tc(SPC)M Cycle time, SPICLK 2 tw(SPC1)M Pulse duration, SPICLK first pulse 0.5tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M + 10 0.5tc(SPC)M – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 3 tw(SPC2)M Pulse duration, SPICLK second pulse 0.5tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M + 10 0.5tc(SPC)M + 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 6 td(SIMO)M Delay time, SPISIMO valid to SPICLK 0.5tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M + 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 ns 7 tv(SIMO)M Valid time, SPISIMO valid after SPICLK 0.5tc(SPC)M – 10 0.5tc(SPC)M – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 ns 10 tsu(SOMI)M Setup time, SPISOMI before SPICLK 35 35 ns 11 th(SOMI)M Hold time, SPISOMI valid after SPICLK 0 0 ns 23 td(SPC)M Delay time, SPISTE active to SPICLK tc(SPC) – 10 tc(SPC) – 10 ns 24 td(STE)M Delay time, SPICLK to SPISTE inactive 0.5tc(SPC) – 10 0.5tc(SPC) – 0.5tc(LSPCLK) – 10 ns The MASTER/SLAVE bit (SPICTL.2) is set and the CLOCK PHASE bit (SPICTL.3) is set. tc(SPC) = SPI clock cycle time = LSPCLK/4 or LSPCLK/(SPIBRR + 1) Internal clock prescalers must be adjusted such that the SPI clock speed is limited to the following SPI clock rate: Master mode transmit 25 MHz MAX, master mode receive 12.5 MHz MAX Slave mode transmit 12.5 MHz MAX, slave mode receive 12.5 MHz MAX. tc(LCO) = LSPCLK cycle time The active edge of the SPICLK signal referenced is controlled by the CLOCK POLARITY bit (SPICCR.6). 1 SPICLK (clock polarity = 0) 2 3 SPICLK (clock polarity = 1) 6 7 Master Out Data Is Valid SPISIMO 10 11 Master In Data Must Be Valid SPISOMI 24 23 SPISTE Figure 5-16. SPI Master Mode External Timing (Clock Phase = 1) Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 41 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.9.4.6 www.ti.com SPI Slave Mode Timing Table 5-28 lists the slave mode timing (clock phase = 0) and Table 5-29 lists the slave mode timing (clock phase = 1). Figure 5-17 and Figure 5-18 show the timing waveforms. Table 5-28. SPI Slave Mode External Timing (Clock Phase = 0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) NO. PARAMETER MIN 12 tc(SPC)S Cycle time, SPICLK 13 tw(SPC1)S 14 tw(SPC2)S 15 td(SOMI)S Delay time, SPICLK to SPISOMI valid 16 tv(SOMI)S Valid time, SPISOMI data valid after SPICLK 19 tsu(SIMO)S 20 th(SIMO)S 25 26 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) MAX UNIT 4tc(SYSCLK) ns Pulse duration, SPICLK first pulse 2tc(SYSCLK) – 1 ns Pulse duration, SPICLK second pulse 2tc(SYSCLK) – 1 ns 35 ns 0 ns Setup time, SPISIMO valid before SPICLK 1.5tc(SYSCLK) ns Hold time, SPISIMO data valid after SPICLK 1.5tc(SYSCLK) ns tsu(STE)S Setup time, SPISTE active before SPICLK 1.5tc(SYSCLK) ns th(STE)S Hold time, SPISTE inactive after SPICLK 1.5tc(SYSCLK) ns The MASTER / SLAVE bit (SPICTL.2) is cleared and the CLOCK PHASE bit (SPICTL.3) is cleared. tc(SPC) = SPI clock cycle time = LSPCLK/4 or LSPCLK/(SPIBRR + 1) Internal clock prescalers must be adjusted such that the SPI clock speed is limited to the following SPI clock rate: Master mode transmit 25-MHz MAX, master mode receive 12.5-MHz MAX Slave mode transmit 12.5-MHz MAX, slave mode receive 12.5-MHz MAX. tc(LCO) = LSPCLK cycle time The active edge of the SPICLK signal referenced is controlled by the CLOCK POLARITY bit (SPICCR.6). 12 SPICLK (clock polarity = 0) 13 14 SPICLK (clock polarity = 1) 15 SPISOMI 16 SPISOMI Data Is Valid 19 20 SPISIMO Data Must Be Valid SPISIMO 25 26 SPISTE Figure 5-17. SPI Slave Mode External Timing (Clock Phase = 0) 42 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Table 5-29. SPI Slave Mode External Timing (Clock Phase = 1) (1) (2) (3) (4) NO. PARAMETER MIN 12 tc(SPC)S Cycle time, SPICLK 13 tw(SPC1)S 14 tw(SPC2)S 17 td(SOMI)S Delay time, SPICLK to SPISOMI valid 18 tv(SOMI)S Valid time, SPISOMI data valid after SPICLK 21 tsu(SIMO)S 22 th(SIMO)S 25 26 (1) (2) (3) (4) MAX UNIT 4tc(SYSCLK) ns Pulse duration, SPICLK first pulse 2tc(SYSCLK) – 1 ns Pulse duration, SPICLK second pulse 2tc(SYSCLK) – 1 ns 35 ns 0 ns Setup time, SPISIMO valid before SPICLK 1.5tc(SYSCLK) ns Hold time, SPISIMO data valid after SPICLK 1.5tc(SYSCLK) ns tsu(STE)S Setup time, SPISTE active before SPICLK 1.5tc(SYSCLK) ns th(STE)S Hold time, SPISTE inactive after SPICLK 1.5tc(SYSCLK) ns The MASTER / SLAVE bit (SPICTL.2) is cleared and the CLOCK PHASE bit (SPICTL.3) is cleared. tc(SPC) = SPI clock cycle time = LSPCLK/4 or LSPCLK/(SPIBRR + 1) Internal clock prescalers must be adjusted such that the SPI clock speed is limited to the following SPI clock rate: Master mode transmit 25-MHz MAX, master mode receive 12.5-MHz MAX Slave mode transmit 12.5-MHz MAX, slave mode receive 12.5-MHz MAX. The active edge of the SPICLK signal referenced is controlled by the CLOCK POLARITY bit (SPICCR.6). 12 SPICLK (clock polarity = 0) 13 14 SPICLK (clock polarity = 1) 17 SPISOMI Data Valid SPISOMI Data Is Valid Data Valid 18 21 22 SPISIMO Data Must Be Valid SPISIMO 26 25 SPISTE Figure 5-18. SPI Slave Mode External Timing (Clock Phase = 1) Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 43 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.9.5 www.ti.com JTAG Debug Probe Connection Without Signal Buffering for the DSP Figure 5-19 shows the connection between the DSP and JTAG header for a single-processor configuration. If the distance between the JTAG header and the DSP is greater than 6 inches, the emulation signals must be buffered. If the distance is less than 6 inches, buffering is typically not needed. Figure 5-19 shows the simpler, no-buffering situation. For the pullup/pulldown resistor values, see the pin description section. 6 inches or less VDDIO EMU0 EMU1 TRST TMS TDI TDO TCK VDDIO 13 14 2 1 3 7 11 9 PD EMU0 5 EMU1 TRST GND TMS GND TDI GND TDO GND TCK GND 4 6 8 10 12 TCK_RET DSP JTAG Header Figure 5-19. JTAG Debug Probe Connection Without Signal Buffering for the DSP 44 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 5.9.6 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Flash Timing Table 5-30. Flash Endurance for A Temperature Material ERASE/PROGRAM TEMPERATURE Nf Flash endurance for the array (write/erase cycles) 0°C to 85°C (ambient) NOTP OTP endurance for the array (write cycles) 0°C to 85°C (ambient) MIN TYP 20000 50000 MAX UNIT cycles 1 write Table 5-31. Flash Parameters at 100-MHz SYSCLKOUT PARAMETER (1) TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Program Time 16-Bit Word 50 μs 16K Sector 500 ms Erase Time (2) 16K Sector 10 S IDD3VFLP VDD3VFL current consumption during the Erase/Program cycle Erase 75 mA Program 35 mA 140 mA 20 mA IDDP VDD current consumption during Erase/Program cycle IDDIOP VDDIO current consumption during Erase/Program cycle (1) (2) Typical parameters as seen at room temperature including function call overhead, with all peripherals off. It is important to maintain a stable power supply during the entire flash programming process. It is conceivable that device current consumption during flash programming could be higher than normal operating conditions. The power supply used should ensure VMIN on the supply rails at all times, as specified in the Recommended Operating Conditions of the data sheet. Any brownout or interruption to power during erasing/programming could potentially corrupt the password locations and lock the device permanently. Powering a target board (during flash programming) through the USB port is not recommended, as the port may be unable to respond to the power demands placed during the programming process. The on-chip flash memory is in an erased state when the device is shipped from TI. As such, erasing the flash memory is not required before programming, when programming the device for the first time. However, the erase operation is needed on all subsequent programming operations. Table 5-32. Flash/OTP Access Timing PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX UNIT ta(fp) Paged flash access time 36 ns ta(fr) Random flash access time 36 ns ta(OTP) OTP access time 60 ns Table 5-33. Flash Data Retention Duration PARAMETER tretention Data retention duration TEST CONDITIONS TJ = 55°C MIN MAX 15 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 UNIT years 45 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 5-34. Minimum Required Flash/OTP Wait-States at Different Frequencies SYSCLKOUT (MHz) (1) SYSCLKOUT (ns) FLASH PAGE WAIT-STATE FLASH RANDOM WAIT-STATE (1) OTP WAIT-STATE 100 10 3 3 5 75 13.33 2 2 4 50 20 1 1 2 30 33.33 1 1 1 25 40 0 1 1 15 66.67 0 1 1 4 250 0 1 1 Random wait-state must be greater than or equal to 1. Equations to compute the Flash page wait-state and random wait-state in Table 5-34 are as follows: Flash Page Wait-State + ƪǒ Flash Random Wait-State + ta(fp) t c(SCO) ƪǒ Ǔ ƫ * 1 (round up to the next highest integer) or 0, whichever is larger ta(fr) t c(SCO) Ǔ ƫ *1 (round up to the next highest integer) or 1, whichever is larger Equation to compute the OTP wait-state in Table 5-34 is as follows: OTP Wait-State + 46 ƪǒ ta(OTP) t c(SCO) Ǔ ƫ * 1 (round up to the next highest integer) or 1, whichever is larger Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.10 On-Chip Analog-to-Digital Converter Table 5-35. ADC Electrical Characteristics (over recommended operating conditions) (1) PARAMETER MIN TYP MAX (2) UNIT DC SPECIFICATIONS Resolution 12 Bits ADC clock 1 kHz 25 MHz ±2.0 LSB ±1 LSB 60 LSB ACCURACY INL (Integral nonlinearity) DNL (Differential nonlinearity) Offset error 1–25 MHz ADC clock (12.5 MSPS) (3) 1–25 MHz ADC clock (12.5 MSPS) (4) –60 Offset error with hardware trimming Overall gain error with internal reference ±4 (5) Overall gain error with external reference LSB –60 60 LSB –60 60 LSB Channel-to-channel offset variation ±4 LSB Channel-to-channel gain variation ±4 LSB ANALOG INPUT Analog input voltage (ADCINx to ADCLO) (6) 0 ADCLO –5 Input capacitance 0 3 V 5 mV ±5 μA 10 Input leakage current pF INTERNAL VOltAGE REFERENCE (5) VADCREFP - ADCREFP output voltage at the pin based on internal reference 1.275 V VADCREFM - ADCREFM output voltage at the pin based on internal reference 0.525 V Voltage difference, ADCREFP - ADCREFM 0.75 Temperature coefficient 50 EXTERNAL VOltAGE REFERENCE (5) V PPM/°C (7) ADCREFSEL[15:14] = 11b 1.024 V ADCREFSEL[15:14] = 10b 1.500 V ADCREFSEL[15:14] = 01b 2.048 V 67.5 dB 68 dB THD (100 kHz) Total harmonic distortion –79 dB ENOB (100 kHz) Effective number of bits 10.9 Bits 83 dB VADCREFIN - External reference voltage input on ADCREFIN pin 0.2% or better accurate reference recommended AC SPECIFICATIONS SINAD (100 kHz) Signal-to-noise ratio + distortion SNR (100 kHz) Signal-to-noise ratio SFDR (100 kHz) Spurious free dynamic range (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Tested at 25-MHz ADCCLK. All voltages listed in this table are with respect to VSSA2. TI specifies that the ADC will have no missing codes. 1 LSB has the weighted value of 3.0/4096 = 0.732 mV. A single internal/external band gap reference sources both ADCREFP and ADCREFM signals, and hence, these voltages track together. The ADC converter uses the difference between these two as its reference. The total gain error listed for the internal reference is inclusive of the movement of the internal bandgap over temperature. Gain error over temperature for the external reference option will depend on the temperature profile of the source used. Voltages above VDDA + 0.3 V or below VSS – 0.3 V applied to an analog input pin may temporarily affect the conversion of another pin. To avoid this, the analog inputs should be kept within these limits. TI recommends using high precision external reference TI part REF3020/3120 or equivalent for 2.048-V reference. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 47 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 5.10.1 ADC Power-Up Control Bit Timing ADC Power Up Delay ADC Ready for Conversions PWDNBG PWDNREF td(BGR) PWDNADC td(PWD) Request for ADC Conversion Figure 5-20. ADC Power-Up Control Bit Timing Table 5-36. ADC Power-Up Delays PARAMETER (1) MIN td(BGR) Delay time for band gap reference to be stable. Bits 7 and 6 of the ADCTRL3 register (ADCBGRFDN1/0) must be set to 1 before the PWDNADC bit is enabled. td(PWD) Delay time for power-down control to be stable. Bit delay time for band-gap reference to be stable. Bits 7 and 6 of the ADCTRL3 register (ADCBGRFDN1/0) must be set to 1 before the PWDNADC bit is enabled. Bit 5 of the ADCTRL3 register (PWDNADC)must be set to 1 before any ADC conversions are initiated. (1) 20 TYP MAX UNIT 5 ms 1 ms 50 μs Timings maintain compatibility to the 281x ADC module. The F28044 ADC also supports driving all 3 bits at the same time and waiting td(BGR) ms before first conversion. Table 5-37. Current Consumption for Different ADC Configurations (at 25-MHz ADCCLK) (1) ADC OPERATING MODE CONDITIONS (2) VDDA18 VDDA3.3 UNIT BG and REF enabled PWD disabled 30 2 mA • • • ADC clock enabled BG and REF enabled PWD enabled 9 0.5 mA Mode C: • • • ADC clock enabled BG and REF disabled PWD enabled 5 20 μA Mode D: • • • ADC clock disabled BG and REF disabled PWD enabled 5 15 μA Mode A (Operational Mode): • • Mode B: (1) (2) 48 Test Conditions: SYSCLKOUT = 100 MHz ADC module clock = 25 MHz ADC performing a continuous conversion of all 16 channels in Mode A VDDA18 includes current into VDD1A18 and VDD2A18. VDDA3.3 includes current into VDDA2 and VDDAIO. Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Rs Source Signal ADCIN0 Ron 1 kΩ Switch Cp 10 pF ac Ch 1.64 pF 28x DSP Typical Values of the Input Circuit Components: Switch Resistance (Ron): Sampling Capacitor (Ch): Parasitic Capacitance (Cp): Source Resistance (Rs): 1 kΩ 1.64 pF 10 pF 50 Ω Figure 5-21. ADC Analog Input Impedance Model 5.10.2 Definitions Reference Voltage The on-chip ADC has a built-in reference, which provides the reference voltages for the ADC. Analog Inputs The on-chip ADC consists of 16 analog inputs, which are sampled either one at a time or two channels at a time. These inputs are software-selectable. Converter The on-chip ADC uses a 12-bit four-stage pipeline architecture, which achieves a high sample rate with low power consumption. Conversion Modes The conversion can be performed in two different conversion modes: • Sequential sampling mode (SMODE = 0) • Simultaneous sampling mode (SMODE = 1) Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 49 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 5.10.3 Sequential Sampling Mode (Single-Channel) (SMODE = 0) In sequential sampling mode, the ADC can continuously convert input signals on any of the channels (Ax to Bx). The ADC can start conversions on event triggers from the ePWM, software trigger, or from an external ADCSOC signal. If the SMODE bit is 0, the ADC will do conversions on the selected channel on every Sample/Hold pulse. The conversion time and latency of the Result register update are explained below. The ADC interrupt flags are set a few SYSCLKOUT cycles after the Result register update. The selected channels will be sampled at every falling edge of the Sample/Hold pulse. The Sample/Hold pulse width can be programmed to be 1 ADC clock wide (minimum) or 16 ADC clocks wide (maximum). Sample n+2 Sample n+1 Analog Input on Channel Ax or Bx Sample n ADC Clock Sample and Hold SH Pulse SMODE Bit td(SH) tdschx_n+1 tdschx_n ADC Event Trigger from ePWM or Other Sources tSH Figure 5-22. Sequential Sampling Mode (Single-Channel) Timing Table 5-38. Sequential Sampling Mode Timing SAMPLE n SAMPLE n + 1 AT 25-MHz ADC CLOCK, tc(ADCCLK) = 40 ns td(SH) Delay time from event trigger to sampling 2.5tc(ADCCLK) tSH Sample/Hold width/Acquisition Width (1 + Acqps) * tc(ADCCLK) 40 ns with Acqps = 0 td(schx_n) Delay time for first result to appear in Result register 4tc(ADCCLK) 160 ns td(schx_n+1) Delay time for successive results to appear in Result register 50 (2 + Acqps) * tc(ADCCLK) Specifications REMARKS Acqps value = 0–15 ADCTRL1[8:11] 80 ns Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 5.10.4 Simultaneous Sampling Mode (Dual-Channel) (SMODE = 1) In simultaneous mode, the ADC can continuously convert input signals on any one pair of channels (A0/B0 to A7/B7). The ADC can start conversions on event triggers from the ePWM, software trigger, or from an external ADCSOC signal. If the SMODE bit is 1, the ADC will do conversions on two selected channels on every Sample/Hold pulse. The conversion time and latency of the result register update are explained below. The ADC interrupt flags are set a few SYSCLKOUT cycles after the Result register update. The selected channels will be sampled simultaneously at the falling edge of the Sample/Hold pulse. The Sample/Hold pulse width can be programmed to be 1 ADC clock wide (minimum) or 16 ADC clocks wide (maximum). NOTE In simultaneous mode, the ADCIN channel pair select has to be A0/B0, A1/B1, ..., A7/B7, and not in other combinations (such as A1/B3, etc.). Sample n Sample n+2 Sample n+1 Analog Input on Channel Ax Analog Input on Channel Bx ADC Clock Sample and Hold SH Pulse SMODE Bit td(SH) tdschA0_n+1 tSH ADC Event Trigger from ePWM or Other Sources tdschA0_n tdschB0_n+1 tdschB0_n Figure 5-23. Simultaneous Sampling Mode Timing Table 5-39. Simultaneous Sampling Mode Timing SAMPLE n SAMPLE n + 1 AT 25-MHz ADC CLOCK, tc(ADCCLK) = 40 ns td(SH) Delay time from event trigger to sampling 2.5tc(ADCCLK) tSH Sample/Hold width/Acquisition Width (1 + Acqps) * tc(ADCCLK) 40 ns with Acqps = 0 td(schA0_n) Delay time for first result to appear in Result register 4tc(ADCCLK) 160 ns td(schB0_n) Delay time for first result to appear in Result register 5tc(ADCCLK) 200 ns td(schA0_n+1) Delay time for successive results to appear in Result register (3 + Acqps) * tc(ADCCLK) 120 ns td(schB0_n+1) Delay time for successive results to appear in Result register (3 + Acqps) * tc(ADCCLK) 120 ns REMARKS Acqps value = 0–15 ADCTRL1[8:11] Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 51 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 5.10.5 Detailed Descriptions Integral Nonlinearity Integral nonlinearity refers to the deviation of each individual code from a line drawn from zero through full scale. The point used as zero occurs one-half LSB before the first code transition. The full-scale point is defined as level one-half LSB beyond the last code transition. The deviation is measured from the center of each particular code to the true straight line between these two points. Differential Nonlinearity An ideal ADC exhibits code transitions that are exactly 1 LSB apart. DNL is the deviation from this ideal value. A differential nonlinearity error of less than ±1 LSB ensures no missing codes. Zero Offset The major carry transition should occur when the analog input is at zero volts. Zero error is defined as the deviation of the actual transition from that point. Gain Error The first code transition should occur at an analog value one-half LSB above negative full scale. The last transition should occur at an analog value one and one-half LSB below the nominal full scale. Gain error is the deviation of the actual difference between first and last code transitions and the ideal difference between first and last code transitions. Signal-to-Noise Ratio + Distortion (SINAD) SINAD is the ratio of the rms value of the measured input signal to the rms sum of all other spectral components below the Nyquist frequency, including harmonics but excluding dc. The value for SINAD is expressed in decibels. Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) For a sine wave, SINAD can be expressed in terms of the number of bits. Using the following formula, (SINAD * 1.76) N+ 6.02 it is possible to get a measure of performance expressed as N, the effective number of bits. Thus, effective number of bits for a device for sine wave inputs at a given input frequency can be calculated directly from its measured SINAD. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) THD is the ratio of the rms sum of the first nine harmonic components to the rms value of the measured input signal and is expressed as a percentage or in decibels. Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) SFDR is the difference in dB between the rms amplitude of the input signal and the peak spurious signal. 52 Specifications Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6 Detailed Description 6.1 6.1.1 Brief Descriptions C28x CPU The C28x DSP generation is the newest member of the TMS320C2000™ DSP platform. The C28x is a very efficient C/C++ engine, hence enabling users to develop not only their system control software in a high-level language, but also enables math algorithms to be developed using C/C++. The C28x is as efficient in DSP math tasks as it is in system control tasks that typically are handled by microcontroller devices. This efficiency removes the need for a second processor in many systems. The 32 x 32-bit MAC capabilities of the C28x and its 64-bit processing capabilities, enable the C28x to efficiently handle higher numerical resolution problems that would otherwise demand a more expensive floating-point processor solution. Add to this the fast interrupt response with automatic context save of critical registers, resulting in a device that is capable of servicing many asynchronous events with minimal latency. The C28x has an 8level-deep protected pipeline with pipelined memory accesses. This pipelining enables the C28x to execute at high speeds without resorting to expensive high-speed memories. Special branch-look-ahead hardware minimizes the latency for conditional discontinuities. Special store conditional operations further improve performance. 6.1.2 Memory Bus (Harvard Bus Architecture) As with many DSP type devices, multiple busses are used to move data between the memories and peripherals and the CPU. The C28x memory bus architecture contains a program read bus, data read bus and data write bus. The program read bus consists of 22 address lines and 32 data lines. The data read and write busses consist of 32 address lines and 32 data lines each. The 32-bit-wide data busses enable single cycle 32-bit operations. The multiple bus architecture, commonly termed "Harvard Bus", enables the C28x to fetch an instruction, read a data value and write a data value in a single cycle. All peripherals and memories attached to the memory bus will prioritize memory accesses. Generally, the priority of memory bus accesses can be summarized as follows: Highest: Data Writes (Simultaneous data and program writes cannot occur on the memory bus.) Program Writes (Simultaneous data and program writes cannot occur on the memory bus.) Data Reads Lowest: 6.1.3 Program Reads (Simultaneous program reads and fetches cannot occur on the memory bus.) Fetches (Simultaneous program reads and fetches cannot occur on the memory bus.) Peripheral Bus To enable migration of peripherals between various Texas Instruments (TI) DSP family of devices, the F28044 device adopts a peripheral bus standard for peripheral interconnect. The peripheral bus bridge multiplexes the various busses that make up the processor Memory Bus into a single bus consisting of 16 address lines and 16 or 32 data lines and associated control signals. Two versions of the peripheral bus are supported on the F28044. One version only supports 16-bit accesses (called peripheral frame 2). The other version supports both 16-bit and 32-bit accesses (called peripheral frame 1). Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 53 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.1.4 www.ti.com Real-Time JTAG and Analysis The F28044 device implements the standard IEEE 1149.1 JTAG interface. Additionally, the device supports real-time mode of operation whereby the contents of memory, peripheral and register locations can be modified while the processor is running and executing code and servicing interrupts. The user can also single step through non-time critical code while enabling time-critical interrupts to be serviced without interference. The F28044 implements the real-time mode in hardware within the CPU. This is a unique feature to the F28044, no software monitor is required. Additionally, special analysis hardware is provided which allows the user to set hardware breakpoint or data/address watch-points and generate various userselectable break events when a match occurs. 6.1.5 Flash The F28044 contains 64K x 16 of embedded flash memory, segregated into four 16K x 16 sectors. Both devices also contain a single 1K x 16 of OTP memory at address range 0x3D 7800 – 0x3D 7BFF. The user can individually erase, program, and validate a flash sector while leaving other sectors untouched. However, it is not possible to use one sector of the flash or the OTP to execute flash algorithms that erase/program other sectors. Special memory pipelining is provided to enable the flash module to achieve higher performance. The flash/OTP is mapped to both program and data space; therefore, it can be used to execute code or store data information. Note that addresses 0x3F7FF0 – 0x3F7FF5 are reserved for data variables and should not contain program code. NOTE The F28044 Flash and OTP wait-states can be configured by the application. This allows applications running at slower frequencies to configure the flash to use fewer wait-states. Flash effective performance can be improved by enabling the flash pipeline mode in the Flash options register. With this mode enabled, effective performance of linear code execution will be much faster than the raw performance indicated by the wait-state configuration alone. The exact performance gain when using the Flash pipeline mode is application-dependent. For more information on the Flash options, Flash wait-state, and OTP wait-state registers, see the TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide. 6.1.6 M0, M1 SARAMs The F28044 device contains these two blocks (M0/M1) of single access memory, each 1K x 16 in size. The stack pointer points to the beginning of block M1 on reset. The M0 and M1 blocks, like all other memory blocks on C28x devices, are mapped to both program and data space. Hence, the user can use M0 and M1 to execute code or for data variables. The partitioning is performed within the linker. The C28x device presents a unified memory map to the programmer. This makes for easier programming in highlevel languages. 6.1.7 L0, L1 SARAMs The F28044 device contains an additional 8K x 16 of single-access RAM, divided into 2 blocks (L0-4K, L14K). Each block can be independently accessed to minimize CPU pipeline stalls. Each block is mapped to both program and data space. 54 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.1.8 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Boot ROM The Boot ROM is factory-programmed with boot-loading software. Boot-mode signals are provided to tell the bootloader software what boot mode to use on power up. The user can select to boot normally or to download new software from an external connection or to select boot software that is programmed in the internal Flash/ROM. The Boot ROM also contains standard tables, such as SIN/COS waveforms, for use in math related algorithms. Table 6-1. Boot Mode Selection MODE DESCRIPTION GPIO18 SPICLKA GPIO29 SCITXDA GPIO34 Boot to Flash/ROM Jump to Flash/ROM address 0x3F 7FF6 You must have programmed a branch instruction here prior to reset to redirect code execution as desired. 1 1 1 SCI-A Boot Load a data stream from SCI-A 1 1 0 SPI-A Boot Load from an external serial SPI EEPROM on SPI-A 1 0 1 I C Boot Load data from an external EEPROM at address 0x50 on the I2C bus 1 0 0 eCAN-A Boot Reserved. This mode should not be used. 0 1 1 Boot to M0 SARAM Jump to M0 SARAM address 0x00 0000. 0 1 0 Boot to OTP Jump to OTP address 0x3D 7800 0 0 1 Parallel I/O Boot Load data from GPIO0–GPIO15 0 0 0 2 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 55 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.1.9 www.ti.com Security The device supports high levels of security to protect the user firmware from being reverse engineered. The security features a 128-bit password (hardcoded for 16 wait-states), which the user programs into the flash. One code security module (CSM) is used to protect the flash/OTP and the L0/L1 SARAM blocks. The security feature prevents unauthorized users from examining the memory contents via the JTAG port, executing code from external memory or trying to boot-load some undesirable software that would export the secure memory contents. To enable access to the secure blocks, the user must write the correct 128bit "KEY" value, which matches the value stored in the password locations within the Flash. NOTE For code security operation, all addresses between 0x3F7F80 and 0x3F7FF5 cannot be used as program code or data, but must be programmed to 0x0000 when the Code Security Password is programmed. If security is not a concern, addresses 0x3F7F80 through 0x3F7FEF may be used for code or data. Addresses 0x3F7FF0 – 0x3F7FF5 are reserved for data variables and should not contain program code. The 128-bit password (at 0x3F 7FF8 – 0x3F 7FFF) must not be programmed to zeros. Doing so would permanently lock the device. DISCLAIMER Code Security Module Disclaimer THE CODE SECURITY MODULE ("CSM") INCLUDED ON THIS DEVICE WAS DESIGNED TO PASSWORD PROTECT THE DATA STORED IN THE ASSOCIATED MEMORY (EITHER ROM OR FLASH) AND IS WARRANTED BY TEXAS INSTRUMENTS (TI), IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS, TO CONFORM TO TI'S PUBLISHED SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE WARRANTY PERIOD APPLICABLE FOR THIS DEVICE. TI DOES NOT, HOWEVER, WARRANT OR REPRESENT THAT THE CSM CANNOT BE COMPROMISED OR BREACHED OR THAT THE DATA STORED IN THE ASSOCIATED MEMORY CANNOT BE ACCESSED THROUGH OTHER MEANS. MOREOVER, EXCEPT AS SET FORTH ABOVE, TI MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS CONCERNING THE CSM OR OPERATION OF THIS DEVICE, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL TI BE LIABLE FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF YOUR USE OF THE CSM OR THIS DEVICE, WHETHER OR NOT TI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. EXCLUDED DAMAGES INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA, LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOSS OF USE OR INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS OR OTHER ECONOMIC LOSS. 56 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.1.10 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Peripheral Interrupt Expansion (PIE) Block The PIE block serves to multiplex numerous interrupt sources into a smaller set of interrupt inputs. The PIE block can support up to 96 peripheral interrupts. On the F28044 device, 43 of the possible 96 interrupts are used by peripherals. The 96 interrupts are grouped into blocks of 8 and each group is fed into 1 of 12 CPU interrupt lines (INT1 to INT12). Each of the 96 interrupts is supported by its own vector stored in a dedicated RAM block that can be overwritten by the user. The vector is automatically fetched by the CPU on servicing the interrupt. It takes 8 CPU clock cycles to fetch the vector and save critical CPU registers. Hence the CPU can quickly respond to interrupt events. Prioritization of interrupts is controlled in hardware and software. Each individual interrupt can be enabled/disabled within the PIE block. 6.1.11 External Interrupts (XINT1, XINT2, XNMI) The F28044 device supports three masked external interrupts (XINT1, XINT2, XNMI). XNMI can be connected to the INT13 or NMI interrupt of the CPU. Each of the interrupts can be selected for negative, positive, or both negative and positive edge triggering and can also be enabled/disabled (including the XNMI). The masked interrupts also contain a 16-bit free running up counter, which is reset to zero when a valid interrupt edge is detected. This counter can be used to accurately time stamp the interrupt. Unlike the 281x devices, there are no dedicated pins for the external interrupts. Rather, any Port A GPIO pin can be configured to trigger any external interrupt. 6.1.12 Oscillator and PLL The F28044 device can be clocked by an external oscillator or by a crystal attached to the on-chip oscillator circuit. A PLL is provided supporting up to 10 input-clock-scaling ratios. The PLL ratios can be changed on-the-fly in software, enabling the user to scale back on operating frequency if lower power operation is desired. Refer to the Specifications section for timing details. The PLL block can be set in bypass mode. 6.1.13 Watchdog The F28044 device contains a watchdog timer. The user software must regularly reset the watchdog counter within a certain time frame; otherwise, the watchdog will generate a reset to the processor. The watchdog can be disabled if necessary. 6.1.14 Peripheral Clocking The clocks to each individual peripheral can be enabled/disabled so as to reduce power consumption when a peripheral is not in use. Additionally, the system clock to the serial ports (except I2C) and the ADC blocks can be scaled relative to the CPU clock. This enables the timing of peripherals to be decoupled from increasing CPU clock speeds. 6.1.15 Low-Power Modes The F28044 device is full static CMOS devices. Three low-power modes are provided: IDLE: Place CPU into low-power mode. Peripheral clocks may be turned off selectively and only those peripherals that need to function during IDLE are left operating. An enabled interrupt from an active peripheral or the watchdog timer will wake the processor from IDLE mode. STANDBY: Turns off clock to CPU and peripherals. This mode leaves the oscillator and PLL functional. An external interrupt event will wake the processor and the peripherals. Execution begins on the next valid cycle after detection of the interrupt event HALT: Turns off the internal oscillator. This mode basically shuts down the device and places it in the lowest possible power consumption mode. A reset or external signal can wake the device from this mode. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 57 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.1.16 www.ti.com Peripheral Frames 0, 1, 2 (PFn) The F28044 device segregates peripherals into three sections. The mapping of peripherals is as follows: PF0: PF1: PF2: PIE: PIE Interrupt Enable and Control Registers Plus PIE Vector Table Flash: Flash Control, Programming, Erase, Verify Registers Timers: CPU-Timers 0, 1, 2 Registers CSM: Code Security Module KEY Registers ADC: ADC Result Registers (dual-mapped) GPIO: GPIO MUX Configuration and Control Registers ePWM: Enhanced Pulse Width Modulator Module and Registers SYS: System Control Registers SCI: Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Control and RX/TX Registers SPI: Serial Port Interface (SPI) Control and RX/TX Registers ADC: ADC Status, Control, and Result Register 2 I C: 6.1.17 Inter-Integrated Circuit Module and Registers General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Multiplexer Most of the peripheral signals are multiplexed with general-purpose input/output (GPIO) signals. This enables the user to use a pin as GPIO if the peripheral signal or function is not used. On reset, GPIO pins are configured as inputs. The user can individually program each pin for GPIO mode or peripheral signal mode. For specific inputs, the user can also select the number of input qualification cycles. This is to filter unwanted noise glitches. The GPIO signals can also be used to bring the device out of specific low-power modes. 6.1.18 32-Bit CPU-Timers (0, 1, 2) CPU-Timers 0, 1, and 2 are identical 32-bit timers with presettable periods and with 16-bit clock prescaling. The timers have a 32-bit count down register, which generates an interrupt when the counter reaches zero. The counter is decremented at the CPU clock speed divided by the prescale value setting. When the counter reaches zero, it is automatically reloaded with a 32-bit period value. CPU-Timer 2 is reserved for the SYS/BIOS Real-Time OS, and is connected to INT14 of the CPU. If SYS/BIOS is not being used, CPU-Timer 2 is available for general use. CPU-Timer 1 is for general use and can be connected to INT13 of the CPU. CPU-Timer 0 is also for general use and is connected to the PIE block. 6.1.19 Control Peripherals The F28044 device supports the following peripherals which are used for embedded control and communication: 58 ePWM: The enhanced PWM peripheral supports independent/complementary PWM generation, adjustable dead-band generation for leading/trailing edges, latched/cycle-by-cycle trip mechanism. Some of the PWM pins support HRPWM features. ADC: The ADC block is a 12-bit converter, single ended, 16-channels. It contains two sample-and-hold units for simultaneous sampling. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.1.20 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Serial Port Peripherals The F28044 device supports the following serial communication peripherals: SPI: The SPI is a high-speed, synchronous serial I/O port that allows a serial bit stream of programmed length (one to sixteen bits) to be shifted into and out of the device at a programmable bit-transfer rate. Normally, the SPI is used for communications between the DSP controller and external peripherals or another processor. Typical applications include external I/O or peripheral expansion through devices such as shift registers, display drivers, and ADCs. Multi-device communications are supported by the master/slave operation of the SPI. On the F28044 device, the SPI contains a 16-level receive and transmit FIFO for reducing interrupt servicing overhead. SCI: The serial communications interface is a two-wire asynchronous serial port, commonly known as UART. On the F28044 device, the SCI contains a 16-level receive and transmit FIFO for reducing interrupt servicing overhead. I2C: The inter-integrated circuit (I2C) module provides an interface between a DSP and other devices compliant with Philips Semiconductors Inter-IC bus (I2C-bus) specification version 2.1 and connected by way of an I2C-bus. External components attached to this 2-wire serial bus can transmit/receive up to 8-bit data to/from the DSP through the I2C module. On the F28044 device, the I2C contains a 16-level receive and transmit FIFO for reducing interrupt servicing overhead. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 59 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.2 www.ti.com Peripherals The integrated peripherals of the F28044 device are described in the following subsections: • • • • • • • 6.2.1 Three 32-bit CPU-Timers Up to 16 enhanced PWM modules (ePWM1–16) Enhanced analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module Serial communications interface module (SCI-A) Serial peripheral interface (SPI) module (SPI-A) Inter-integrated circuit module (I2C) Digital I/O and shared pin functions 32-Bit CPU-Timers 0/1/2 There are three 32-bit CPU-timers on the F28044 device (CPU-TIMER0/1/2). CPU-Timer 0 and CPU-Timer 1 can be used in user applications. Timer 2 is reserved for SYS/BIOS. These timers are different from the timers that are present in the ePWM modules. NOTE If the application is not using SYS/BIOS, then CPU-Timer 2 can be used in the application. Reset Timer Reload 16-Bit Timer Divide-Down TDDRH:TDDR SYSCLKOUT TCR.4 (Timer Start Status) 32-Bit Timer Period PRDH:PRD 16-Bit Prescale Counter PSCH:PSC Borrow 32-Bit Counter TIMH:TIM Borrow TINT Figure 6-1. CPU-Timers 60 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 In the F28044 device, the timer interrupt signals (TINT0, TINT1, TINT2) are connected as shown in Figure 6-2. INT1 to INT12 PIE TINT0 CPU-TIMER 0 C28x TINT1 INT13 CPU-TIMER 1 XINT13 A. B. CPU-TIMER 2 (Reserved for SYS/BIOS) TINT2 INT14 The timer registers are connected to the memory bus of the C28x processor. The timing of the timers is synchronized to SYSCLKOUT of the processor clock. Figure 6-2. CPU-Timer Interrupt Signals and Output Signal The general operation of the timer is as follows: The 32-bit counter register "TIMH:TIM" is loaded with the value in the period register "PRDH:PRD". The counter register decrements at the SYSCLKOUT rate of the C28x. When the counter reaches 0, a timer interrupt output signal generates an interrupt pulse. The registers listed in Table 6-2 are used to configure the timers. For more information, see the TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide. Table 6-2. CPU-Timers 0, 1, 2 Configuration and Control Registers NAME ADDRESS SIZE (x16) DESCRIPTION TIMER0TIM 0x0C00 1 CPU-Timer 0, Counter Register TIMER0TIMH 0x0C01 1 CPU-Timer 0, Counter Register High TIMER0PRD 0x0C02 1 CPU-Timer 0, Period Register TIMER0PRDH 0x0C03 1 CPU-Timer 0, Period Register High TIMER0TCR 0x0C04 1 CPU-Timer 0, Control Register Reserved 0x0C05 1 Reserved TIMER0TPR 0x0C06 1 CPU-Timer 0, Prescale Register TIMER0TPRH 0x0C07 1 CPU-Timer 0, Prescale Register High TIMER1TIM 0x0C08 1 CPU-Timer 1, Counter Register TIMER1TIMH 0x0C09 1 CPU-Timer 1, Counter Register High TIMER1PRD 0x0C0A 1 CPU-Timer 1, Period Register TIMER1PRDH 0x0C0B 1 CPU-Timer 1, Period Register High TIMER1TCR 0x0C0C 1 CPU-Timer 1, Control Register Reserved 0x0C0D 1 Reserved TIMER1TPR 0x0C0E 1 CPU-Timer 1, Prescale Register TIMER1TPRH 0x0C0F 1 CPU-Timer 1, Prescale Register High TIMER2TIM 0x0C10 1 CPU-Timer 2, Counter Register TIMER2TIMH 0x0C11 1 CPU-Timer 2, Counter Register High TIMER2PRD 0x0C12 1 CPU-Timer 2, Period Register TIMER2PRDH 0x0C13 1 CPU-Timer 2, Period Register High TIMER2TCR 0x0C14 1 CPU-Timer 2, Control Register Reserved 0x0C15 1 Reserved Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 61 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 6-2. CPU-Timers 0, 1, 2 Configuration and Control Registers (continued) NAME ADDRESS SIZE (x16) 0x0C16 1 CPU-Timer 2, Prescale Register 0x0C17 1 CPU-Timer 2, Prescale Register High 0x0C18 – 0x0C3F 40 Reserved TIMER2TPR TIMER2TPRH Reserved 6.2.2 DESCRIPTION Enhanced PWM Modules (ePWM1–16) The F28044 device contains up to 16 enhanced PWM modules (ePWM). Figure 6-3 shows a block diagram of multiple ePWM modules. Figure 6-4 shows the signal interconnections with the ePWM. See the TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Enhanced Pulse Width Modulator (ePWM) Module Reference Guide for details. EPWM1SYNCI EPWM1INT EPWM1SOC EPWM1SYNCI EPWM1A ePWM1 Module EPWM1B TZ1 to TZ6 To eCAP1 Module (Sync In) EPWM1SYNCO EPWM1SYNCO EPWM2SYNCI EPWM2INT EPWM2SOC PIE EPWM2A ePWM2 Module EPWM2SYNCO EPWM2B TZ1 to TZ6 GPIO MUX EPWMxSYNCI EPWMxINT EPWMxSOC EPWMxA ePWMx Module EPWMxSYNCO EPWMxB TZ1 to TZ6 ADCSOCx0 ADC Peripheral Bus Figure 6-3. Multiple PWM Modules 62 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 The F28044 device contains 16 enhanced PWM modules (ePWM) and 16 high resolution PWM modules (HRPWM). The ePWM modules synchronize input/output and the ADC start of conversion (SOCA/B) signals are regrouped in the F28044. At reset, EPWMMODE bits in the GPAMCFG register configure the sync signals to be compatible to the TMS320F2808 device. In F28044 mode, the ePWMMODE bits are set to 11 to select the EPWMA signals on all 16 GPIOs (GPIO0–GPIO15). This mode selection also reconfigures the EPWM1 SYNCOUT to be connected to four groups of ePWM modules and as EPWMSYNCO signals on the pin: • Group 1: ePWM2, ePWM3, ePWM4 • Group 2: ePWM5, ePWM6, ePWM7, ePWM8 • Group 3: ePWM9, ePWM10, ePWM11, ePWM12 • Group 4: ePWM13, ePWM14, ePWM15, ePWM16 See the TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Enhanced Pulse Width Modulator (ePWM) Module Reference Guide for additional details. Table 6-3 through Table 6-6 show the complete ePWM register set per module. Table 6-3. ePWM1–4 Control and Status Registers ePWM1 ePWM2 ePWM3 ePWM4 SIZE (x16) / #SHADOW TBCTL 0x6800 0x6840 0x6880 0x68C0 1/0 Time Base Control Register TBSTS 0x6801 0x6841 0x6881 0x68C1 1/0 Time Base Status Register TBPHSHR 0x6802 0x6842 0x6882 0x68C2 1/0 Time Base Phase HRPWM Register TBPHS 0x6803 0x6843 0x6883 0x68C3 1/0 Time Base Phase Register TBCTR 0x6804 0x6844 0x6884 0x68C4 1/0 Time Base Counter Register TBPRD 0x6805 0x6845 0x6885 0x68C5 1/1 Time Base Period Register Set CMPCTL 0x6807 0x6847 0x6887 0x68C7 1/0 Counter Compare Control Register CMPAHR 0x6808 0x6848 0x6888 0x68C8 1/1 Time Base Compare A HRPWM Register CMPA 0x6809 0x6849 0x6889 0x68C9 1/1 Counter Compare A Register Set CMPB 0x680A 0x684A 0x688A 0x68CA 1/1 Counter Compare B Register Set AQCTLA 0x680B 0x684B 0x688B 0x68CB 1/0 Action Qualifier Control Register For Output A AQCTLB 0x680C 0x684C 0x688C 0x68CC 1/0 Action Qualifier Control Register For Output B AQSFRC 0x680D 0x684D 0x688D 0x68CD 1/0 Action Qualifier Software Force Register AQCSFRC 0x680E 0x684E 0x688E 0x68CE 1/1 Action Qualifier Continuous S/W Force Register Set DBCTL 0x680F 0x684F 0x688F 0x68CF 1/1 Dead-Band Generator Control Register DBRED 0x6810 0x6850 0x6890 0x68D0 1/0 Dead-Band Generator Rising Edge Delay Count Register DBFED 0x6811 0x6851 0x6891 0x68D1 1/0 Dead-Band Generator Falling Edge Delay Count Register TZSEL 0x6812 0x6852 0x6892 0x68D2 1/0 Trip Zone Select Register (1) TZCTL 0x6814 0x6854 0x6894 0x68D4 1/0 Trip Zone Control Register (1) TZEINT 0x6815 0x6855 0x6895 0x68D5 1/0 Trip Zone Enable Interrupt Register (1) TZFLG 0x6816 0x6856 0x6896 0x68D6 1/0 Trip Zone Flag Register TZCLR 0x6817 0x6857 0x6897 0x68D7 1/0 Trip Zone Clear Register (1) TZFRC 0x6818 0x6858 0x6898 0x68D8 1/0 Trip Zone Force Register (1) ETSEL 0x6819 0x6859 0x6899 0x68D9 1/0 Event Trigger Selection Register ETPS 0x681A 0x685A 0x689A 0x68DA 1/0 Event Trigger Prescale Register ETFLG 0x681B 0x685B 0x689B 0x68DB 1/0 Event Trigger Flag Register ETCLR 0x681C 0x685C 0x689C 0x68DC 1/0 Event Trigger Clear Register ETFRC 0x681D 0x685D 0x689D 0x68DD 1/0 Event Trigger Force Register PCCTL 0x681E 0x685E 0x689E 0x68DE 1/0 PWM Chopper Control Register HRCNFG 0x6820 0x6860 0x68A0 0x68E0 1/0 HRPWM Configuration Register (1) NAME (1) DESCRIPTION Registers that are EALLOW protected. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 63 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 6-4. ePWM5–8 Control and Status Registers ePWM5 ePWM6 ePWM7 ePWM8 SIZE (x16) / #SHADOW TBCTL 0x6900 0x6940 0x6980 0x69C0 1/0 Time Base Control Register TBSTS 0x6901 0x6941 0x6981 0x69C1 1/0 Time Base Status Register TBPHSHR 0x6902 0x6942 0x6982 0x69C2 1/0 Time Base Phase HRPWM Register TBPHS 0x6903 0x6943 0x6983 0x69C3 1/0 Time Base Phase Register TBCTR 0x6904 0x6944 0x6984 0x69C4 1/0 Time Base Counter Register TBPRD 0x6905 0x6945 0x6985 0x69C5 1/1 Time Base Period Register Set CMPCTL 0x6907 0x6947 0x6987 0x69C7 1/0 Counter Compare Control Register CMPAHR 0x6908 0x6948 0x6988 0x69C8 1/1 Time Base Compare A HRPWM Register CMPA 0x6909 0x6949 0x6989 0x69C9 1/1 Counter Compare A Register Set CMPB 0x690A 0x694A 0x698A 0x69CA 1/1 Counter Compare B Register Set AQCTLA 0x690B 0x694B 0x698B 0x69CB 1/0 Action Qualifier Control Register For Output A AQCTLB 0x690C 0x694C 0x698C 0x69CC 1/0 Action Qualifier Control Register For Output B AQSFRC 0x690D 0x694D 0x698D 0x69CD 1/0 Action Qualifier Software Force Register AQCSFRC 0x690E 0x694E 0x698E 0x69CE 1/1 Action Qualifier Continuous S/W Force Register Set DBCTL 0x690F 0x694F 0x698F 0x69CF 1/1 Dead-Band Generator Control Register DBRED 0x6910 0x6950 0x6990 0x69D0 1/0 Dead-Band Generator Rising Edge Delay Count Register DBFED 0x6911 0x6951 0x6991 0x69D1 1/0 Dead-Band Generator Falling Edge Delay Count Register TZSEL 0x6912 0x6952 0x6992 0x69D2 1/0 Trip Zone Select Register (1) TZCTL 0x6914 0x6954 0x6994 0x69D4 1/0 Trip Zone Control Register (1) TZEINT 0x6915 0x6955 0x6995 0x69D5 1/0 Trip Zone Enable Interrupt Register (1) TZFLG 0x6916 0x6956 0x6996 0x69D6 1/0 Trip Zone Flag Register TZCLR 0x6917 0x6957 0x6997 0x69D7 1/0 Trip Zone Clear Register (1) TZFRC 0x6918 0x6958 0x6998 0x69D8 1/0 Trip Zone Force Register (1) NAME DESCRIPTION ETSEL 0x6919 0x6959 0x6999 0x69D9 1/0 Event Trigger Selection Register ETPS 0x691A 0x695A 0x699A 0x69DA 1/0 Event Trigger Prescale Register ETFLG 0x691B 0x695B 0x699B 0x69DB 1/0 Event Trigger Flag Register ETCLR 0x691C 0x695C 0x699C 0x69DC 1/0 Event Trigger Clear Register ETFRC 0x691D 0x695D 0x699D 0x69DD 1/0 Event Trigger Force Register PCCTL 0x691E 0x695E 0x699E 0x69DE 1/0 PWM Chopper Control Register HRCNFG 0x6920 0x6960 0x69A0 0x69E0 1/0 HRPWM Configuration Register (1) (1) 64 Registers that are EALLOW protected. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Table 6-5. ePWM9–12 Control and Status Registers ePWM9 ePWM10 ePWM11 ePWM12 SIZE (x16) / #SHADOW TBCTL 0x6600 0x6640 0x6680 0x66C0 1/0 Time Base Control Register TBSTS 0x6601 0x6641 0x6681 0x66C1 1/0 Time Base Status Register TBPHSHR 0x6602 0x6642 0x6682 0x66C2 1/0 Time Base Phase HRPWM Register TBPHS 0x6603 0x6643 0x6683 0x66C3 1/0 Time Base Phase Register TBCTR 0x6604 0x6644 0x6684 0x66C4 1/0 Time Base Counter Register TBPRD 0x6605 0x6645 0x6685 0x66C5 1/1 Time Base Period Register Set CMPCTL 0x6607 0x6647 0x6687 0x66C7 1/0 Counter Compare Control Register CMPAHR 0x6608 0x6648 0x6688 0x66C8 1/1 Time Base Compare A HRPWM Register CMPA 0x6609 0x6649 0x6689 0x66C9 1/1 Counter Compare A Register Set CMPB 0x660A 0x664A 0x668A 0x66CA 1/1 Counter Compare B Register Set AQCTLA 0x660B 0x664B 0x668B 0x66CB 1/0 Action Qualifier Control Register For Output A AQCTLB 0x660C 0x664C 0x668C 0x66CC 1/0 Action Qualifier Control Register For Output B AQSFRC 0x660D 0x664D 0x668D 0x66CD 1/0 Action Qualifier Software Force Register AQCSFRC 0x660E 0x664E 0x668E 0x66CE 1/1 Action Qualifier Continuous S/W Force Register Set DBCTL 0x660F 0x664F 0x668F 0x66CF 1/1 Dead-Band Generator Control Register DBRED 0x6610 0x6650 0x6690 0x66D0 1/0 Dead-Band Generator Rising Edge Delay Count Register DBFED 0x6611 0x6651 0x6691 0x66D1 1/0 Dead-Band Generator Falling Edge Delay Count Register TZSEL 0x6612 0x6652 0x6692 0x66D2 1/0 Trip Zone Select Register (1) TZCTL 0x6614 0x6654 0x6694 0x66D4 1/0 Trip Zone Control Register (1) TZEINT 0x6615 0x6655 0x6695 0x66D5 1/0 Trip Zone Enable Interrupt Register (1) TZFLG 0x6616 0x6656 0x6696 0x66D6 1/0 Trip Zone Flag Register TZCLR 0x6617 0x6657 0x6697 0x66D7 1/0 Trip Zone Clear Register (1) TZFRC 0x6618 0x6658 0x6698 0x66D8 1/0 Trip Zone Force Register (1) NAME DESCRIPTION ETSEL 0x6619 0x6659 0x6699 0x66D9 1/0 Event Trigger Selection Register ETPS 0x661A 0x665A 0x669A 0x66DA 1/0 Event Trigger Prescale Register ETFLG 0x661B 0x665B 0x669B 0x66DB 1/0 Event Trigger Flag Register ETCLR 0x661C 0x665C 0x669C 0x66DC 1/0 Event Trigger Clear Register ETFRC 0x661D 0x665D 0x669D 0x66DD 1/0 Event Trigger Force Register PCCTL 0x661E 0x665E 0x669E 0x66DE 1/0 PWM Chopper Control Register HRCNFG 0x6620 0x6660 0x66A0 0x66E0 1/0 HRPWM Configuration Register (1) (1) Registers that are EALLOW protected. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 65 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 6-6. ePWM13–16 Control and Status Registers ePWM13 ePWM14 ePWM15 ePWM16 SIZE (x16) / #SHADOW TBCTL 0x6700 0x6740 0x6780 0x67C0 1/0 Time Base Control Register TBSTS 0x6701 0x6741 0x6781 0x67C1 1/0 Time Base Status Register TBPHSHR 0x6702 0x6742 0x6782 0x67C2 1/0 Time Base Phase HRPWM Register TBPHS 0x6703 0x6743 0x6783 0x67C3 1/0 Time Base Phase Register TBCTR 0x6704 0x6744 0x6784 0x67C4 1/0 Time Base Counter Register TBPRD 0x6705 0x6745 0x6785 0x67C5 1/1 Time Base Period Register Set CMPCTL 0x6707 0x6747 0x6787 0x67C7 1/0 Counter Compare Control Register CMPAHR 0x6708 0x6748 0x6788 0x67C8 1/1 Time Base Compare A HRPWM Register CMPA 0x6709 0x6749 0x6789 0x67C9 1/1 Counter Compare A Register Set CMPB 0x670A 0x674A 0x678A 0x67CA 1/1 Counter Compare B Register Set AQCTLA 0x670B 0x674B 0x678B 0x67CB 1/0 Action Qualifier Control Register For Output A AQCTLB 0x670C 0x674C 0x678C 0x67CC 1/0 Action Qualifier Control Register For Output B AQSFRC 0x670D 0x674D 0x678D 0x67CD 1/0 Action Qualifier Software Force Register AQCSFRC 0x670E 0x674E 0x678E 0x67CE 1/1 Action Qualifier Continuous S/W Force Register Set DBCTL 0x670F 0x674F 0x678F 0x67CF 1/1 Dead-Band Generator Control Register DBRED 0x6710 0x6750 0x6790 0x67D0 1/0 Dead-Band Generator Rising Edge Delay Count Register DBFED 0x6711 0x6751 0x6791 0x67D1 1/0 Dead-Band Generator Falling Edge Delay Count Register TZSEL 0x6712 0x6752 0x6792 0x67D2 1/0 Trip Zone Select Register (1) TZCTL 0x6714 0x6754 0x6794 0x67D4 1/0 Trip Zone Control Register (1) TZEINT 0x6715 0x6755 0x6795 0x67D5 1/0 Trip Zone Enable Interrupt Register (1) TZFLG 0x6716 0x6756 0x6796 0x67D6 1/0 Trip Zone Flag Register TZCLR 0x6717 0x6757 0x6797 0x67D7 1/0 Trip Zone Clear Register (1) TZFRC 0x6718 0x6758 0x6798 0x67D8 1/0 Trip Zone Force Register (1) NAME DESCRIPTION ETSEL 0x6719 0x6759 0x6799 0x67D9 1/0 Event Trigger Selection Register ETPS 0x671A 0x675A 0x679A 0x67DA 1/0 Event Trigger Prescale Register ETFLG 0x671B 0x675B 0x679B 0x67DB 1/0 Event Trigger Flag Register ETCLR 0x671C 0x675C 0x679C 0x67DC 1/0 Event Trigger Clear Register ETFRC 0x671D 0x675D 0x679D 0x67DD 1/0 Event Trigger Force Register PCCTL 0x671E 0x675E 0x679E 0x67DE 1/0 PWM Chopper Control Register HRCNFG 0x6720 0x6760 0x67A0 0x67E0 1/0 HRPWM Configuration Register (1) (1) 66 Registers that are EALLOW protected. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Time-Base (TB) CTR = ZERO TBPRD Shadow (16) CTR = CMPB TBPRD Active (16) Disabled CTR = PRD Sync In/Out Select Mux EPWMxSYNCO TBCTL[SYNCOSEL] TBCTL[PHSEN] EPWMxSYNCI Counter Up/Down (16-Bit) TBCTL[SWFSYNC] (Software-Forced Sync) CTR = ZERO TBCNT Active (16) CTR_Dir TBPHSHR (8) 16 8 TBPHS Active (24) CTR = PRD Phase Control CTR = ZERO CTR = CMPA Counter Compare (CC) CTR = CMPA CMPAHR (8) 16 CTR = CMPB CTR_Dir Event Trigger and Interrupt (ET) EPWMxINT EPWMxSOCA EPWMxSOCB Action Qualifier (AQ) 8 HiRes PWM (HRPWM) CMPA Active (24) EPWMxAO EPWMA CMPA Shadow (24) Dead Band (DB) CTR = CMPB PWM Chopper (PC) 16 Trip Zone (TZ) EPWMxBO EPWMB CMPB Active (16) EPWMxTZINT CMPB Shadow (16) CTR = ZERO TZ1 to TZ6 Figure 6-4. ePWM Sub-Modules Showing Critical Internal Signal Interconnections 6.2.3 Hi-Resolution PWM (HRPWM) The HRPWM module offers PWM resolution (time granularity) which is significantly better than what can be achieved using conventionally derived digital PWM methods. The key points for the HRPWM module are: • Significantly extends the time resolution capabilities of conventionally derived digital PWM • Typically used when effective PWM resolution falls below ~ 9–10 bits. This occurs at PWM frequencies greater than ~200 kHz when using a CPU/System clock of 100 MHz. • This capability can be utilized in both duty cycle and phase-shift control methods. • Finer time granularity control or edge positioning is controlled via extensions to the Compare A and Phase registers of the ePWM module. • HRPWM capabilities are offered only on the A signal path of an ePWM module (that is, on the EPWMxA output). EPWMxB output has conventional PWM capabilities. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 67 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.2.4 www.ti.com Enhanced Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Module A simplified functional block diagram of the ADC module is shown in Figure 6-5. The ADC module consists of a 12-bit ADC with a built-in sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit. Functions of the ADC module include: • 12-bit ADC core with built-in S/H • Analog input: 0.0 V to 3.0 V (Voltages above 3.0 V produce full-scale conversion results.) • Fast conversion rate: 80 ns at 25-MHz ADC clock, 12.5 MSPS • 16-channel, MUXed inputs • Autosequencing capability provides up to 16 "autoconversions" in a single session. Each conversion can be programmed to select any 1 of 16 input channels • Sequencer can be operated as two independent 8-state sequencers or as one large 16-state sequencer (that is, two cascaded 8-state sequencers) • Sixteen result registers (individually addressable) to store conversion values – The digital value of the input analog voltage is derived by: , when ADCIN £ ADCLO Digital Value = 0 ( Digital Value = floor 4096 ´ Digital Value = 4095 • • • • • ADCIN - ADCLO 3 ( , when ADCLO < ADCIN < 3 V , when ADCIN ³ 3 V Multiple triggers as sources for the start-of-conversion (SOC) sequence – S/W - software immediate start – ePWM start of conversion – XINT2 ADC start of conversion Flexible interrupt control allows interrupt request on every end-of-sequence (EOS) or every other EOS. Sequencer can operate in "start/stop" mode, allowing multiple "time-sequenced triggers" to synchronize conversions. SOCA and SOCB triggers can operate independently in dual-sequencer mode. Sample-and-hold (S/H) acquisition time window has separate prescale control. The ADC module in the F28044 device has been enhanced to provide flexible interface to ePWM peripherals. The ADC interface is built around a fast, 12-bit ADC module with a fast conversion rate of 80 ns at 25-MHz ADC clock. The ADC module has 16 channels, configurable as two independent 8-channel modules. The two independent 8-channel modules can be cascaded to form a 16-channel module. Although there are multiple input channels and two sequencers, there is only one converter in the ADC module. Figure 6-5 shows the block diagram of the ADC module. The two 8-channel modules have the capability to autosequence a series of conversions, each module has the choice of selecting any one of the respective eight channels available through an analog MUX. In the cascaded mode, the autosequencer functions as a single 16-channel sequencer. On each sequencer, once the conversion is complete, the selected channel value is stored in its respective RESULT register. Autosequencing allows the system to convert the same channel multiple times, allowing the user to perform oversampling algorithms. This gives increased resolution over traditional single-sampled conversion results. 68 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 System Control Block ADCENCLK SYSCLKOUT High-Speed Prescaler DSP HSPCLK HALT Analog MUX Result Registers Result Reg 0 ADCINA0 70A8h Result Reg 1 S/H ADCINA7 12-Bit ADC Module Result Reg 7 70AFh Result Reg 8 70B0h Result Reg 15 70B7h ADCINB0 S/H ADCINB7 ADC Control Registers S/W EPWMSOCA SOC Sequencer 1 Sequencer 2 SOC GPIO/XINT2_ ADCSOC S/W EPWMSOCB Figure 6-5. Block Diagram of the ADC Module To obtain the specified accuracy of the ADC, proper board layout is very critical. To the best extent possible, traces leading to the ADCIN pins should not run in close proximity to the digital signal paths. This is to minimize switching noise on the digital lines from getting coupled to the ADC inputs. Furthermore, proper isolation techniques must be used to isolate the ADC module power pins (VDD1A18, VDD2A18 , VDDA2, VDDAIO) from the digital supply. Figure 6-6 shows the ADC pin connections for the F28044 device. NOTE 1. The ADC registers are accessed at the SYSCLKOUT rate. The internal timing of the ADC module is controlled by the high-speed peripheral clock (HSPCLK). 2. The behavior of the ADC module based on the state of the ADCENCLK and HALT signals is as follows: – – ADCENCLK: On reset, this signal will be low. While reset is active-low (XRS) the clock to the register will still function. This is necessary to make sure all registers and modes go into their default reset state. The analog module, however, will be in a lowpower inactive state. As soon as reset goes high, then the clock to the registers will be disabled. When the user sets the ADCENCLK signal high, then the clocks to the registers will be enabled and the analog module will be enabled. There will be a certain time delay (ms range) before the ADC is stable and can be used. HALT: This mode only affects the analog module. It does not affect the registers. In this mode, the ADC module goes into low-power mode. This mode also will stop the clock to the CPU, which will stop the HSPCLK; therefore, the ADC register logic will be turned off indirectly. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 69 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Figure 6-6 shows the ADC pin-biasing for internal reference and Figure 6-7 shows the ADC pin-biasing for external reference. ADC 16-Channel Analog Inputs ADCINA[7:0] ADCINB[7:0] ADCLO ADCREFIN ADC External Current Bias Resistor ADCRESEXT ADC Reference Positive Output ADCREFP ADC Reference Medium Output ADCREFM ADC Power VDD1A18 VDD2A18 VSS1AGND VSS2AGND Analog input 0-3 V with respect to ADCLO Connect to analog ground Float or connect to analog ground if internal reference is used 22 k (A) 2.2 μF ADCREFP and ADCREFM should not be loaded by external circuitry (A) 2.2 μF ADC Analog Power Pin (1.8 V) ADC Analog Power Pin (1.8 V) ADC Analog Ground Pin ADC Analog Ground Pin VDDA2 ADC Analog Power Pin (3.3 V) VSSA2 ADC Analog Ground Pin ADC Analog and Reference I/O Power VDDAIO VSSAIO A. B. C. ADC Analog Power Pin (3.3 V) ADC Analog I/O Ground Pin TAIYO YUDEN LMK212BJ225MG-T or equivalent External decoupling capacitors are recommended on all power pins. Analog inputs must be driven from an operational amplifier that does not degrade the ADC performance. Figure 6-6. ADC Pin Connections With Internal Reference 70 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 ADC 16-Channel Analog Inputs ADCINA[7:0] ADCINB[7:0] ADCLO ADCREFIN Analog input 0-3 V with respect to ADCLO Connect to Analog Ground Connect to 1.500, 1.024, or 2.048-V precision source (D) 22 k ADC External Current Bias Resistor ADCRESEXT ADC Reference Positive Output ADCREFP ADC Reference Medium Output ADCREFM ADC Analog Power VDD1A18 VDD2A18 VSS1AGND VSS2AGND ADC Analog Power Pin (1.8 V) ADC Analog Power Pin (1.8 V) ADC Analog Ground Pin ADC Analog Ground Pin VDDA2 VSSA2 ADC Analog Power Pin (3.3 V) ADC Analog Ground Pin VDDAIO VSSAIO ADC Analog Power Pin (3.3 V) ADC Analog I/O Ground Pin (A) 2.2 μF (A) ADC Analog and Reference I/O Power A. B. C. D. 2.2 μF ADCREFP and ADCREFM should not be loaded by external circuitry TAIYO YUDEN LMK212BJ225MG-T or equivalent External decoupling capacitors are recommended on all power pins. Analog inputs must be driven from an operational amplifier that does not degrade the ADC performance. External voltage on ADCREFIN is enabled by changing bits 15:14 in the ADC Reference Select register depending on the voltage used on this pin. TI recommends TI part REF3020 or equivalent for 2.048-V generation. Overall gain accuracy will be determined by accuracy of this voltage source. Figure 6-7. ADC Pin Connections With External Reference NOTE The temperature rating of any recommended component must match the rating of the end product. 6.2.4.1 ADC Connections if the ADC Is Not Used It is recommended that the connections for the analog power pins be kept even if the ADC is not used. Following is a summary of how the ADC pins should be connected, if the ADC is not used in an application: • VDD1A18/VDD2A18 – Connect to VDD • VDDA2, VDDAIO – Connect to VDDIO • VSS1AGND/VSS2AGND, VSSA2, VSSAIO – Connect to VSS • ADCLO – Connect to VSS • ADCREFIN – Connect to VSS • ADCREFP/ADCREFM – Connect a 100 nF cap to VSS • ADCRESEXT – Connect a 20-kΩ resistor (very loose tolerance) to VSS. • ADCINAn, ADCINBn - Connect to VSS When the ADC is not used, be sure that the clock to the ADC module is not turned on to realize power savings. When the ADC module is used in an application, unused ADC input pins should be connected to analog ground (VSS1AGND/VSS2AGND) Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 71 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.2.4.2 www.ti.com ADC Registers The ADC operation is configured, controlled, and monitored by the registers listed in Table 6-7. Table 6-7. ADC Registers (1) NAME ADDRESS (1) ADDRESS (2) ADCTRL1 0x7100 1 ADC Control Register 1 SIZE (x16) DESCRIPTION ADCTRL2 0x7101 1 ADC Control Register 2 ADCMAXCONV 0x7102 1 ADC Maximum Conversion Channels Register ADCCHSELSEQ1 0x7103 1 ADC Channel Select Sequencing Control Register 1 ADCCHSELSEQ2 0x7104 1 ADC Channel Select Sequencing Control Register 2 ADCCHSELSEQ3 0x7105 1 ADC Channel Select Sequencing Control Register 3 ADCCHSELSEQ4 0x7106 1 ADC Channel Select Sequencing Control Register 4 ADCASEQSR 0x7107 1 ADC Auto-Sequence Status Register ADCRESULT0 0x7108 0x0B00 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 0 ADCRESULT1 0x7109 0x0B01 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 1 ADCRESULT2 0x710A 0x0B02 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 2 ADCRESULT3 0x710B 0x0B03 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 3 ADCRESULT4 0x710C 0x0B04 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 4 ADCRESULT5 0x710D 0x0B05 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 5 ADCRESULT6 0x710E 0x0B06 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 6 ADCRESULT7 0x710F 0x0B07 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 7 ADCRESULT8 0x7110 0x0B08 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 8 ADCRESULT9 0x7111 0x0B09 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 9 ADCRESULT10 0x7112 0x0B0A 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 10 ADCRESULT11 0x7113 0x0B0B 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 11 ADCRESULT12 0x7114 0x0B0C 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 12 ADCRESULT13 0x7115 0x0B0D 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 13 ADCRESULT14 0x7116 0x0B0E 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 14 ADCRESULT15 0x7117 0x0B0F 1 ADC Conversion Result Buffer Register 15 ADCTRL3 0x7118 1 ADC Control Register 3 ADCST 0x7119 1 ADC Status Register Reserved 0x711A – 0x711B 2 Reserved (1) (2) 72 ADCREFSEL 0x711C 1 ADC Reference Select Register ADCOFFTRIM 0x711D 1 ADC Offset Trim Register Reserved 0x711E – 0x711F 2 Reserved The registers in this column are Peripheral Frame 2 Registers. The ADC result registers are dual mapped in the F28044 DSP. Locations in Peripheral Frame 2 (0x7108–0x7117) are 2 wait-states and left justified. Locations in Peripheral frame 0 space (0x0B00–0x0B0F) are 0 wait sates and right justified. During high speed/continuous conversion use of the ADC, use the 0 wait-state locations for fast transfer of ADC results to user memory. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.2.5 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Module (SCI-A) The F28044 device includes a serial communications interface (SCI) module. The SCI module supports digital communications between the CPU and other asynchronous peripherals that use the standard nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format. The SCI receiver and transmitter are double-buffered, and each has its own separate enable and interrupt bits. Both can be operated independently or simultaneously in the fullduplex mode. To ensure data integrity, the SCI checks received data for break detection, parity, overrun, and framing errors. The bit rate is programmable to over 65000 different speeds through a 16-bit baudselect register. Features of each SCI module include: • Two external pins: – SCITXD: SCI transmit-output pin – SCIRXD: SCI receive-input pin NOTE: Both pins can be used as GPIO if not used for SCI. – Baud rate programmable to 64K different rates: • • • • • • • • • • Baud rate = LSPCLK (BRR ) 1) * 8 when BRR ≠ 0 Baud rate = LSPCLK 16 when BRR = 0 Data-word format – One start bit – Data-word length programmable from one to eight bits – Optional even/odd/no parity bit – One or two stop bits Four error-detection flags: parity, overrun, framing, and break detection Two wake-up multiprocessor modes: idle-line and address bit Half- or full-duplex operation Double-buffered receive and transmit functions Transmitter and receiver operations can be accomplished through interrupt-driven or polled algorithms with status flags. – Transmitter: TXRDY flag (transmitter-buffer register is ready to receive another character) and TX EMPTY flag (transmitter-shift register is empty) – Receiver: RXRDY flag (receiver-buffer register is ready to receive another character), BRKDT flag (break condition occurred), and RX ERROR flag (monitoring four interrupt conditions) Separate enable bits for transmitter and receiver interrupts (except BRKDT) Max bit rate + 100 MHz + 6.25 106 bńs 16 NRZ (non-return-to-zero) format Ten SCI module control registers located in the control register frame beginning at address 7050h NOTE All registers in this module are 8-bit registers that are connected to Peripheral Frame 2. When a register is accessed, the register data is in the lower byte (7–0), and the upper byte (15–8) is read as zeros. Writing to the upper byte has no effect. Enhanced features: • Auto baud-detect hardware logic • 16-level transmit/receive FIFO Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 73 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com The SCI port operation is configured and controlled by the registers listed in Table 6-8. Table 6-8. SCI-A Registers (1) NAME ADDRESS SIZE (x16) SCICCRA 0x7050 1 SCI-A Communications Control Register SCICTL1A 0x7051 1 SCI-A Control Register 1 SCIHBAUDA 0x7052 1 SCI-A Baud Register, High Bits SCILBAUDA 0x7053 1 SCI-A Baud Register, Low Bits SCICTL2A 0x7054 1 SCI-A Control Register 2 SCIRXSTA 0x7055 1 SCI-A Receive Status Register SCIRXEMUA 0x7056 1 SCI-A Receive Emulation Data Buffer Register SCIRXBUFA 0x7057 1 SCI-A Receive Data Buffer Register SCITXBUFA 0x7059 1 SCI-A Transmit Data Buffer Register (2) 0x705A 1 SCI-A FIFO Transmit Register SCIFFRXA (2) 0x705B 1 SCI-A FIFO Receive Register SCIFFCTA (2) 0x705C 1 SCI-A FIFO Control Register SCIPRIA 0x705F 1 SCI-A Priority Control Register SCIFFTXA (1) (2) 74 DESCRIPTION Registers in this table are mapped to Peripheral Frame 2 space. This space only allows 16-bit accesses. 32-bit accesses produce undefined results. These registers are new registers for the FIFO mode. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Figure 6-8 shows the SCI module block diagram. TXENA SCICTL1.1 TXSHF Register Frame Format and Mode SCITXD 8 Parity Even/Odd 0 TXEMPTY 1 SCICCR.6 SCICTL2.6 8 Enable TX FIFO_0 SCICCR.5 88 TX FIFO_1 TX Interrupt Logic TX FIFO Interrupts TXINT To CPU TX FIFO_N TXINTENA 8 0 TXWAKE SCICTL2.0 TXRDY 1 SCICTL2.7 SCICTL1.3 SCI TX Interrupt Select Logic 8 WUT Transmit Data Buffer Register SCITXBUF.7-0 Auto Baud Detect Logic RXENA LSPCLK Baud Rate MSB/LSB Registers SCICTL1.0 RXSHF Register SCIHBAUD.15-8 SCIRXD RXWAKE 8 SCILBAUD.7-0 SCIRXST.1 0 1 8 SCIFFENA RX FIFO_0 SCITXFF.14 8 RX FIFO_1 RX FIFO Interrupts RXINT To CPU RX Interrupt Logic RX FIFO_N RXFFOVF 8 0 SCIFFRX.15 1 RXBKINTENA SCICTL2.1 RXRDY SCIRXST.6 RXENA BRKDT SCICTL1.0 RXERRINTENA SCIRXST.5 8 SCICTL1.6 SCI RX Interrupt Select Logic SCIRXST.5-2 Receive Data Buffer Register SCIRXBUF.7-0 BRKDT FE OE PE RXERROR SCIRXST.7 Figure 6-8. Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Module Block Diagram Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 75 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.2.6 www.ti.com Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Module (SPI-A) The F28044 device includes the four-pin serial peripheral interface (SPI) module. The SPI is a high-speed, synchronous serial I/O port that allows a serial bit stream of programmed length (one to sixteen bits) to be shifted into and out of the device at a programmable bit-transfer rate. Normally, the SPI is used for communications between the DSP controller and external peripherals or another processor. Typical applications include external I/O or peripheral expansion through devices such as shift registers, display drivers, and ADCs. Multidevice communications are supported by the master/slave operation of the SPI. The SPI module features include: • Four external pins: – SPISOMI: SPI slave-output/master-input pin – SPISIMO: SPI slave-input/master-output pin – SPISTE: SPI slave transmit-enable pin – SPICLK: SPI serial-clock pin NOTE: All four pins can be used as GPIO, if the SPI module is not used. • Two operational modes: master and slave Baud rate: 125 different programmable rates. • • • • • Baud rate = LSPCLK (SPIBRR ) 1) Baud rate = LSPCLK 4 when SPIBRR = 3 to 127 when SPIBRR = 0,1, 2 Data word length: one to sixteen data bits Four clocking schemes (controlled by clock polarity and clock phase bits) include: – Falling edge without phase delay: SPICLK active-high. SPI transmits data on the falling edge of the SPICLK signal and receives data on the rising edge of the SPICLK signal. – Falling edge with phase delay: SPICLK active-high. SPI transmits data one half-cycle ahead of the falling edge of the SPICLK signal and receives data on the falling edge of the SPICLK signal. – Rising edge without phase delay: SPICLK inactive-low. SPI transmits data on the rising edge of the SPICLK signal and receives data on the falling edge of the SPICLK signal. – Rising edge with phase delay: SPICLK inactive-low. SPI transmits data one half-cycle ahead of the rising edge of the SPICLK signal and receives data on the rising edge of the SPICLK signal. Simultaneous receive and transmit operation (transmit function can be disabled in software) Transmitter and receiver operations are accomplished through either interrupt-driven or polled algorithms. Nine SPI module control registers: Located in control register frame beginning at address 7040h. NOTE All registers in this module are 16-bit registers that are connected to Peripheral Frame 2. When a register is accessed, the register data is in the lower byte (7–0), and the upper byte (15–8) is read as zeros. Writing to the upper byte has no effect. Enhanced feature: • 16-level transmit/receive FIFO • Delayed transmit control 76 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 The SPI port operation is configured and controlled by the registers listed in Table 6-9. Table 6-9. SPI-A Registers (1) DESCRIPTION (1) NAME ADDRESS SIZE (x16) SPICCR 0x7040 1 SPI-A Configuration Control Register SPICTL 0x7041 1 SPI-A Operation Control Register SPISTS 0x7042 1 SPI-A Status Register SPIBRR 0x7044 1 SPI-A Baud Rate Register SPIRXEMU 0x7046 1 SPI-A Receive Emulation Buffer Register SPIRXBUF 0x7047 1 SPI-A Serial Input Buffer Register SPITXBUF 0x7048 1 SPI-A Serial Output Buffer Register SPIDAT 0x7049 1 SPI-A Serial Data Register SPIFFTX 0x704A 1 SPI-A FIFO Transmit Register SPIFFRX 0x704B 1 SPI-A FIFO Receive Register SPIFFCT 0x704C 1 SPI-A FIFO Control Register SPIPRI 0x704F 1 SPI-A Priority Control Register Registers in this table are mapped to Peripheral Frame 2. This space only allows 16-bit accesses. 32-bit accesses produce undefined results. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 77 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Figure 6-9 is a block diagram of the SPI in slave mode. SPIFFENA SPIFFTX.14 Overrun INT ENA Receiver Overrun Flag RX FIFO Registers SPIRXBUF RX FIFO _0 RX FIFO _1 ----RX FIFO _15 SPISTS.7 SPICTL.4 RX FIFO Interrupt RX Interrupt Logic 16 SPIINT/SPIRXINT SPIFFOVF FLAG SPIRXBUF Buffer Register To CPU SPIFFRX.15 TX FIFO Registers SPITXBUF TX FIFO Interrupt TX Interrupt Logic TX FIFO _15 ----TX FIFO _1 TX FIFO _0 16 SPI INT FLAG SPITXINT SPI INT ENA SPISTS.6 SPICTL.0 16 SPITXBUF Buffer Register 16 M M S SPIDAT Data Register S SW1 SPISIMO M M SPIDAT.15 - 0 S S SW2 SPISOMI Talk SPICTL.1 (A) SPISTE State Control Master/Slave SPI Char SPICCR.3 - 0 3 2 1 0 SW3 M SPI Bit Rate LSPCLK SPIBRR.6 - 0 6 A. 5 4 3 SPICTL.2 S 2 1 S Clock Polarity SPICCR.6 Clock Phase SPICTL.3 SPICLK M 0 SPISTE is driven low by the master for a slave device. Figure 6-9. SPI Module Block Diagram (Slave Mode) 78 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.2.7 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) The F28044 device contains one I2C Serial Port. Figure 6-10 shows how the I2C peripheral module interfaces within the F28044 device. The I2C module has the following features: • Compliance with the Philips Semiconductors I2C-bus specification (version 2.1): – Support for 1-bit to 8-bit format transfers – 7-bit and 10-bit addressing modes – General call – START byte mode – Support for multiple master-transmitters and slave-receivers – Support for multiple slave-transmitters and master-receivers – Combined master transmit/receive and receive/transmit mode – Data transfer rate from 10 kbps up to 400 kbps (I2C Fast-mode rate) • One 16-word receive FIFO and one 16-word transmit FIFO • One interrupt that can be used by the CPU. This interrupt can be generated as a result of one of the following conditions: – Transmit-data ready – Receive-data ready – Register-access ready – No-acknowledgment received – Arbitration lost – Stop condition detected – Addressed as slave • An additional interrupt that can be used by the CPU when in FIFO mode • Module enable/disable capability • Free data format mode Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 79 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com System Control Block C28x CPU I2CAENCLK SYSRS Control Data[16] SDAA Peripheral Bus SYSCLKOUT Data[16] 2 GPIO MUX I C-A Addr[16] SCLA I2CINT1A I2CINT2A A. B. PIE Block The I2C registers are accessed at the SYSCLKOUT rate. The internal timing and signal waveforms of the I2C port are also at the SYSCLKOUT rate. The clock enable bit (I2CAENCLK) in the PCLKCRO register turns off the clock to the I2C port for low power operation. Upon reset, I2CAENCLK is clear, which indicates the peripheral internal clocks are off. Figure 6-10. I2C Peripheral Module Interfaces The registers in Table 6-10 configure and control the I2C port operation. Table 6-10. I2C-A Registers 80 NAME ADDRESS I2COAR 0x7900 I2C own address register DESCRIPTION I2CIER 0x7901 I2C interrupt enable register I2CSTR 0x7902 I2C status register I2CCLKL 0x7903 IC clock low-time divider register I2CCLKH 0x7904 I2C clock high-time divider register I2CCNT 0x7905 I2C data count register I2CDRR 0x7906 I2C data receive register I2CSAR 0x7907 I2C slave address register I2CDXR 0x7908 I2C data transmit register I2CMDR 0x7909 I2C mode register I2CISRC 0x790A I2C interrupt source register I2CPSC 0x790C I2C prescaler register I2CFFTX 0x7920 I2C FIFO transmit register I2CFFRX 0x7921 I2C FIFO receive register I2CRSR - I2C receive shift register (not accessible to the CPU) I2CXSR - I2C transmit shift register (not accessible to the CPU) Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.2.8 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 GPIO MUX On the 280x, the GPIO MUX can multiplex up to three independent peripheral signals on a single GPIO pin in addition to providing individual pin bit-banging IO capability. The GPIO MUX block diagram per pin is shown in Figure 6-11. Because of the open drain capabilities of the I2C pins, the GPIO MUX block diagram for these pins differ. See the TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide for details. GPIOXINT1SEL GPIOLMPSEL GPIOXINT2SEL LPMCR0 GPIOXNMISEL Low-Power Modes Block External Interrupt MUX PIE GPxDAT (read) Asynchronous path GPxQSEL1/2 GPxCTRL GPxPUD Input Qualification Internal Pullup 00 N/C 01 Peripheral 1 Input 10 Peripheral 2 Input 11 Peripheral 3 Input Asynchronous path GPxTOGGLE GPxCLEAR GPxSET GPIOx pin 00 GPxDAT (latch) 01 Peripheral 1 Output 10 Peripheral 2 Output 11 Peripheral 3 Output High-Impedance Output Control 00 0 = Input, 1 = Output XRS = Default at Reset A. B. GPxDIR (latch) 01 Peripheral 1 Output Enable 10 Peripheral 2 Output Enable 11 Peripheral 3 Output Enable GPxMUX1/2 x stands for the port, either A or B. For example, GPxDIR refers to either the GPADIR and GPBDIR register depending on the particular GPIO pin selected. GPxDAT latch/read are accessed at the same memory location. Figure 6-11. GPIO MUX Block Diagram Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 81 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com The F28044 supports 34 GPIO pins. The GPIO control and data registers are mapped to Peripheral Frame 1 to enable 32-bit operations on the registers (along with 16-bit operations). Table 6-11 shows the GPIO register mapping. Table 6-11. GPIO Registers NAME ADDRESS SIZE (x16) DESCRIPTION GPIO CONTROL REGISTERS (EALLOW PROTECTED) GPACTRL 0x6F80 2 GPIO A Control Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPAQSEL1 0x6F82 2 GPIO A Qualifier Select 1 Register (GPIO0 to 15) GPAQSEL2 0x6F84 2 GPIO A Qualifier Select 2 Register (GPIO16 to 31) GPAMUX1 0x6F86 2 GPIO A MUX 1 Register (GPIO0 to 15) GPAMUX2 0x6F88 2 GPIO A MUX 2 Register (GPIO16 to 31) GPADIR 0x6F8A 2 GPIO A Direction Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPAPUD 0x6F8C 2 GPIO A Pull Up Disable Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPAMCFG 0x6F8E 2 GPIO A Miscellaneous Configuration Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPBCTRL 0x6F90 2 GPIO B Control Register (GPIO32 to 35) GPBQSEL1 0x6F92 2 GPIO B Qualifier Select 1 Register (GPIO32 to 35) GPBQSEL2 0x6F94 2 Reserved GPBMUX1 0x6F96 2 GPIO B MUX 1 Register (GPIO32 to 35) GPBMUX2 0x6F98 2 Reserved GPBDIR 0x6F9A 2 GPIO B Direction Register (GPIO32 to 35) GPBPUD 0x6F9C 2 GPIO B Pull Up Disable Register (GPIO32 to 35) Reserved 0x6F9E – 0x6F9F 2 Reserved Reserved 0x6FA0 – 0x6FBF 32 Reserved GPADAT 0x6FC0 2 GPIO Data Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPASET 0x6FC2 2 GPIO Data Set Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPIO DATA REGISTERS (NOT EALLOW PROTECTED) GPACLEAR 0x6FC4 2 GPIO Data Clear Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPATOGGLE 0x6FC6 2 GPIO Data Toggle Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPBDAT 0x6FC8 2 GPIO Data Register (GPIO32 to 35) GPBSET 0x6FCA 2 GPIO Data Set Register (GPIO32 to 35) GPBCLEAR 0x6FCC 2 GPIO Data Clear Register (GPIO32 to 35) GPBTOGGLE 0x6FCE 2 GPIO Data Toggle Register (GPIO32 to 35) Reserved 0x6FD0 – 0x6FDF 16 Reserved GPIO INTERRUPT AND LOW POWER MODES SELECT REGISTERS (EALLOW PROTECTED) 82 GPIOXINT1SEL 0x6FE0 1 XINT1 GPIO Input Select Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPIOXINT2SEL 0x6FE1 1 XINT2 GPIO Input Select Register (GPIO0 to 31) GPIOXNMISEL 0x6FE2 1 XNMI GPIO Input Select Register (GPIO0 to 31) Reserved 0x6FE3 – 0x6FE7 5 Reserved GPIOLPMSEL 0x6FE8 2 LPM GPIO Select Register (GPIO0 to 31) Reserved 0x6FEA – 0x6FFF 22 Reserved Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Table 6-12. F28044 GPIO MUX Table GPxMUX1/2 (1) REGISTER BITS DEFAULT AT RESET PRIMARY I/O FUNCTION (GPxMUX1/2 BITS = 0,0) PERIPHERAL SELECTION 1 (2) (GPxMUX1 BITS = 0,1) GPAMCFG(EPWMMODE) (3) 0,0 (4) PERIPHERAL SELECTION 2 (2) (GPxMUX1/2 BITS = 1,0) PERIPHERAL SELECTION 3 (2) (GPxMUX1/2 BITS = 1,1) 1,1 GPAMUX1 1–0 GPIO0 EPWM1A (O) EPWM1A (O) Reserved Reserved 3–2 GPIO1 EPWM1B (O) EPWM2A (O) Reserved Reserved 5–4 GPIO2 EPWM2A (O) EPWM3A (O) Reserved Reserved 7–6 GPIO3 EPWM2B (O) EPWM4A (O) Reserved Reserved 9–8 GPIO4 EPWM3A (O) EPWM5A (O) Reserved Reserved 11–10 GPIO5 EPWM3B (O) EPWM6A (O) Reserved Reserved 13–12 GPIO6 EPWM4A (O) EPWM7A (O) EPWMSYNCI (I) EPWMSYNCO (O) 15–14 GPIO7 EPWM4B (O) EPWM8A (O) Reserved Reserved 17–16 GPIO8 EPWM5A (O) EPWM9A (O) Reserved ADCSOCAO (O) 19–18 GPIO9 EPWM5B (O) EPWM10A (O) Reserved Reserved 21–20 GPIO10 EPWM6A (O) EPWM11A (O) Reserved ADCSOCBO (O) 23–22 GPIO11 EPWM6B (O) EPWM12A (O) Reserved Reserved 25–24 GPIO12 TZ1 (I) EPWM13A (O) Reserved Reserved 27–26 GPIO13 TZ2 (I) EPWM14A (O) Reserved Reserved 29–28 GPIO14 TZ3 (I) EPWM15A (O) Reserved Reserved 31–30 GPIO15 TZ4 (I) EPWM16A (O) Reserved Reserved GPAMUX2 1–0 GPIO16 SPISIMOA (I/O) Reserved TZ5 (I) 3–2 GPIO17 SPISOMIA (I/O) Reserved TZ6 (I) 5–4 GPIO18 SPICLKA (I/O) Reserved TZ1 (I) 7–6 GPIO19 SPISTEA (I/O) Reserved TZ2 (I) 9–8 GPIO20 Reserved Reserved Reserved 11–10 GPIO21 Reserved Reserved Reserved 13–12 GPIO22 Reserved Reserved Reserved 15–14 GPIO23 Reserved Reserved Reserved 17–16 GPIO24 Reserved Reserved Reserved 19–18 GPIO25 Reserved Reserved Reserved 21–20 GPIO26 Reserved Reserved Reserved 23–22 GPIO27 Reserved Reserved Reserved 25–24 GPIO28 SCIRXDA (I) Reserved TZ5 (I) 27–26 GPIO29 SCITXDA (O) Reserved TZ6 (I) 29–28 GPIO30 Reserved Reserved TZ3 (I) 31–30 GPIO31 Reserved Reserved TZ4 (I) GPBMUX1 (1) (2) (3) (4) 1–0 GPIO32 SDAA (I/OC) EPWMSYNCI (I) ADCSOCAO (O) 3–2 GPIO33 SCLA (I/OC) EPWMSYNCO (O) ADCSOCBO (O) 5–4 GPIO34 Reserved Reserved Reserved GPxMUX1/2 refers to the appropriate MUX register for the pin; GPAMUX1, GPAMUX2 or GPBMUX1. The word "Reserved" means that there is no peripheral assigned to this GPxMUX1/2 register setting. Should it be selected, the state of the pin will be undefined and the pin may be driven. This selection is a reserved configuration for future expansion. The options GPAMCFG(EPWMMODE) = 0, 1 and 1, 0 are reserved. This is the default configuration upon reset. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 83 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com The user can select the type of input qualification for each GPIO pin via the GPxQSEL1/2 registers from four choices: • Synchronization To SYSCLKOUT Only (GPxQSEL1/2 = 0,0): This is the default mode of all GPIO pins at reset and it simply synchronizes the input signal to the system clock (SYSCLKOUT). • Qualification Using Sampling Window (GPxQSEL1/2 = 0,1 and 1,0): In this mode the input signal, after synchronization to the system clock (SYSCLKOUT), is qualified by a specified number of cycles before the input is allowed to change. Time Between Samples GPyCTRL Reg GPIOx SYNC Qualification Input Signal Qualified by 3 or 6 Samples GPxQSEL SYSCLKOUT Number of Samples • • Figure 6-12. Qualification Using Sampling Window The sampling period is specified by the QUALPRD bits in the GPxCTRL register and is configurable in groups of 8 signals. It specifies a multiple of SYSCLKOUT cycles for sampling the input signal. The sampling window is either 3-samples or 6-samples wide and the output is only changed when ALL samples are the same (all 0s or all 1s) as shown in Figure 5-7 (for 6 sample mode). No Synchronization (GPxQSEL1/2 = 1,1): This mode is used for peripherals where synchronization is not required (synchronization is performed within the peripheral). Due to the multi-level multiplexing that is required on the F28044 device, there may be cases where a peripheral input signal can be mapped to more then one GPIO pin. Also, when an input signal is not selected, the input signal will default to either a 0 or 1 state, depending on the peripheral. 84 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.3 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Memory Map Block Start Address 0x00 0000 0x00 0040 Prog Space Data Space M0 Vector - RAM (32 x 32) (Enabled if VMAP = 0) M0 SARAM (1K x 16) 0x00 0400 M1 SARAM (1K x 16) 0x00 0800 Low 64K (0000 - FFFF) (24x/240x-equivalent data space) Peripheral Frame 0 0x00 0D00 PIE Vector - RAM (256 x 16) (Enabled if ENPIE = 1) Reserved 0x00 0E00 Reserved 0x00 6000 0x00 7000 0x00 8000 0x00 9000 Peripheral Frame 1 (protected) Reserved Peripheral Frame 2 (protected) L0 SARAM (0-wait) (4K x 16, Secure Zone, Dual Mapped) L1 SARAM (0-wait) (4K x 16, Secure Zone, Dual Mapped) 0x00 A000 Reserved 0x3D 7800 OTP (1K x 16, Secure Zone) 0x3D 7C00 Reserved 0x3E 8000 High 64K (3F0000 - 3FFFFF) (24x/240x-equivalent program space) 0x3F 7FF8 0x3F 8000 0x3F 9000 C. D. 128-Bit Password L0 SARAM (0-wait) (4K x 16, Secure Zone, Dual Mapped) L1 SARAM (0-wait) (4K x 16, Secure Zone, Dual Mapped) 0x3F A000 Reserved 0x3F F000 Boot ROM (4K x 16) 0x3F FFC0 A. B. FLASH (64K x 16, Secure Zone) Vectors (32 x 32) (Enabled if VMAP = 1, ENPIE = 0) Memory blocks are not to scale. Peripheral Frame 0, Peripheral Frame 1, and Peripheral Frame 2 memory maps are restricted to data memory only. User program cannot access these memory maps in program space. “Protected” means the order of Write followed by Read operations is preserved rather than the pipeline order. Certain memory ranges are EALLOW protected against spurious writes after configuration. Figure 6-13. F28044 Memory Map Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 85 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 6-13. Addresses of Flash Sectors ADDRESS RANGE PROGRAM AND DATA SPACE 0x3E 8000 – 0x3E BFFF Sector D (16K x 16) 0x3E C000 – 0x3E FFFF Sector C (16K x 16) 0x3F 0000 – 0x3F 3FFF Sector B (16K x 16) 0x3F 4000 – 0x3F 7F7F Sector A (16K x 16) 0x3F 7F80 – 0x3F 7FF5 Program to 0x0000 when using the Code Security Module 0x3F 7FF6 – 0x3F 7FF7 Boot-to-Flash Entry Point (program branch instruction here) 0x3F 7FF8 – 0x3F 7FFF Security Password (128-Bit) (Do not program to all zeros) NOTE • When the code-security passwords are programmed, all addresses between 0x3F7F80 and 0x3F7FF5 cannot be used as program code or data. These locations must be programmed to 0x0000. • If the code security feature is not used, addresses 0x3F7F80 through 0x3F7FEF may be used for code or data. Addresses 0x3F7FF0 – 0x3F7FF5 are reserved for data and should not contain program code. Table 6-14 shows how to handle these memory locations. Table 6-14. Impact of Using the Code Security Module ADDRESS 0x3F 7F80 – 0x3F 7FEF 0x3F 7FF0 – 0x3F 7FF5 0x3D 7BFC – 0x3D 7BFF FLASH Code security enabled Fill with 0x0000 Code security disabled Application code and data Reserved for data only Application code and data Peripheral Frame 1 and Peripheral Frame 2 are grouped together so as to enable these blocks to be write/read peripheral block protected. The protected mode ensures that all accesses to these blocks happen as written. Because of the C28x pipeline, a write immediately followed by a read, to different memory locations, will appear in reverse order on the memory bus of the CPU. This can cause problems in certain peripheral applications where the user expected the write to occur first (as written). The C28x CPU supports a block protection mode where a region of memory can be protected so as to make sure that operations occur as written (the penalty is extra cycles are added to align the operations). This mode is programmable and by default, it will protect the selected zones. 86 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 The wait-states for the various spaces in the memory map area are listed in Table 6-15. Table 6-15. Wait-states AREA WAIT-STATES M0 and M1 SARAMs 0-wait Fixed COMMENTS Peripheral Frame 0 0-wait Fixed Peripheral Frame 1 0-wait (writes) 2-wait (reads) Fixed. Consecutive (back-to-back) writes to Peripheral Frame 1 registers will experience a 1-cycle pipeline hit (1-cycle delay). Peripheral Frame 2 0-wait (writes) 2-wait (reads) Fixed L0 and L1 SARAMs 0-wait OTP Programmable, 1-wait minimum Programmed via the Flash registers. 1-wait-state operation is possible at a reduced CPU frequency. See Section 6.1.5 for more information. Flash Programmable, 0-wait minimum Programmed via the Flash registers. 0-wait-state operation is possible at reduced CPU frequency. The CSM password locations are hardwired for 16 wait-states. See Section 6.1.5 for more information. Boot-ROM 1-wait Fixed Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 87 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.4 www.ti.com Register Map The F28044 device contains three peripheral register spaces. The spaces are categorized as follows: Peripheral Frame 0: These are peripherals that are mapped directly to the CPU memory bus. See Table 6-16. Peripheral Frame 1 These are peripherals that are mapped to the 32-bit peripheral bus. See Table 6-17. Peripheral Frame 2: These are peripherals that are mapped to the 16-bit peripheral bus. See Table 6-18. Table 6-16. Peripheral Frame 0 Registers (1) NAME (2) ACCESS TYPE (3) ADDRESS RANGE SIZE (x16) Device Emulation Registers 0x0880 – 0x09FF 384 EALLOW protected FLASH Registers (4) 0x0A80 – 0x0ADF 96 EALLOW protected CSM Protected Code Security Module Registers 0x0AE0 – 0x0AEF 16 EALLOW protected 0x0B00 – 0xB0F 16 CPU-TIMER0/1/2 Registers 0x0C00 – 0x0C3F 64 PIE Registers 0x0CE0 – 0x0CFF 32 PIE Vector Table 0x0D00 – 0x0DFF 256 ADC Result Registers (dual-mapped) (1) (2) (3) (4) 88 Not EALLOW protected EALLOW protected Registers in Frame 0 support 16-bit and 32-bit accesses. Missing segments of memory space are reserved and should not be used in applications. If registers are EALLOW protected, then writes cannot be performed until the EALLOW instruction is executed. The EDIS instruction disables writes to prevent stray code or pointers from corrupting register contents. The Flash Registers are also protected by the Code Security Module (CSM). Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Table 6-17. Peripheral Frame 1 Registers (1) NAME (2) ADDRESS RANGE SIZE (x16) 0x6800 – 0x683F 64 ePWM2 + HRPWM Registers 0x6840 – 0x687F 64 ePWM3 + HRPWM Registers 0x6880 – 0x68BF 64 ePWM4 + HRPWM Registers 0x68C0 – 0x68FF 64 ePWM5 + HRPWM Registers 0x6900 – 0x693F 64 ePWM6 + HRPWM Registers 0x6940 – 0x697F 64 ePWM7 + HRPWM Registers 0x6980 – 0x69BF 64 ePWM8 + HRPWM Registers 0x69C0 – 0x69FF 64 ePWM9 + HRPWM Registers 0x6600 – 0x663F 64 ePWM10 + HRPWM Registers 0x6640 – 0x667F 64 ePWM11 + HRPWM Registers 0x6680 – 0x66BF 64 ePWM12 + HRPWM Registers 0x66C0 – 0x66FF 64 ePWM13 + HRPWM Registers 0x6700 – 0x673F 64 ePWM14 + HRPWM Registers 0x6740 – 0x677F 64 ePWM15 + HRPWM Registers 0x6780 – 0x67BF 64 ePWM16 + HRPWM Registers 0x67C0 – 0x67FF 64 GPIO Control Registers 0x6F80 – 0x6FBF 128 EALLOW protected GPIO Data Registers 0x6FC0 – 0x6FDF 32 Not EALLOW protected GPIO Interrupt and LPM Select Registers 0x6FE0 – 0x6FFF 32 EALLOW protected ePWM1 + HRPWM Registers (1) (2) Some ePWM registers are EALLOW protected. See Table 6-3 through Table 6-6. All 32-bit accesses are aligned to even address boundaries. Missing segments of memory space are reserved and should not be used in applications. Table 6-18. Peripheral Frame 2 Registers (1) ADDRESS RANGE SIZE (x16) System Control Registers NAME 0x7010 – 0x702F 32 SPI-A Registers 0x7040 – 0x704F 16 SCI-A Registers 0x7050 – 0x705F 16 External Interrupt Registers 0x7070 – 0x707F 16 ADC Registers 0x7100 – 0x711F 32 I2C Registers 0x7900 – 0x792F 48 (1) (2) ACCESS TYPE (2) ACCESS TYPE EALLOW Protected Not EALLOW Protected Peripheral Frame 2 only allows 16-bit accesses. All 32-bit accesses are ignored (invalid data may be returned or written). Missing segments of memory space are reserved and should not be used in applications. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 89 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.4.1 www.ti.com Device Emulation Registers These registers are used to control the protection mode of the C28x CPU and to monitor some critical device signals. The registers are defined in Table 6-19. Table 6-19. Device Emulation Registers NAME ADDRESS RANGE SIZE (x16) 0x0880 – 0x0881 2 Device Configuration Register PARTID 0x0882 1 Part ID Register 0x00FC – F28044 REVID 0x0883 1 Revision ID Register 0x0000 – Silicon Rev. 0 - TMX or TMS PROTSTART 0x0884 1 Block Protection Start Address Register PROTRANGE 0x0885 1 Block Protection Range Address Register DEVICECNF 90 DESCRIPTION Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.5 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Interrupts Figure 6-14 shows how the various interrupt sources are multiplexed within the F28044 device. Eight PIE block interrupts are grouped into one CPU interrupt. In total, 12 CPU interrupt groups, with 8 interrupts per group equals 96 possible interrupts. On the F28044 device, 43 of these are used by peripherals as shown in Table 6-20. The TRAP #VectorNumber instruction transfers program control to the interrupt service routine corresponding to the vector specified. TRAP #0 attempts to transfer program control to the address pointed to by the reset vector. The PIE vector table does not, however, include a reset vector. Therefore, TRAP #0 should not be used when the PIE is enabled. Doing so will result in undefined behavior. When the PIE is enabled, TRAP #1 through TRAP #12 will transfer program control to the interrupt service routine corresponding to the first vector within the PIE group. For example: TRAP #1 fetches the vector from INT1.1, TRAP #2 fetches the vector from INT2.1 and so forth. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 91 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Peripherals 2 (SPI, SCI, I C, ePWM, ADC) WDINT WAKEINT XINT1 XINT1 Interrupt Control Watchdog Low-Power Modes MUX LPMINT 96 Interrupts XINT1CTR(15:0) GPIOXINT1SEL(4:0) XINT2SOC ADC XINT2 XINT2 Interrupt Control MUX INT1 to INT12 PIE XINT1CR(15:0) XINT2CR(15:0) C28x CPU XINT2CTR(15:0) GPIOXINT2SEL(4:0) TINT0 CPU TIMER 0 TINT2 CPU TIMER 2 (Reserved for SYS/BIOS) INT14 TINT1 INT13 MUX CPU TIMER 1 int13_select GPIO0.int XNMI_XINT13 MUX NMI Interrupt Control MUX nmi_select XNMICR(15:0) GPIO MUX GPIO31.int 1 XNMICTR(15:0) GPIOXNMISEL(4:0) Figure 6-14. External and PIE Interrupt Sources 92 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 IFR(12:1) INTM IER(12:1) INT1 INT2 1 CPU MUX 0 INT11 INT12 (Flag) Global Enable (Enable) INTx.1 INTx.2 INTx INTx.3 INTx.4 MUX INTx.5 INTx.6 From Peripherals or External Interrupts INTx.7 PIEACKx INTx.8 (Enable) (Flag) PIEIERx(8:1) PIEIFRx(8:1) (Enable/Flag) Figure 6-15. Multiplexing of Interrupts Using the PIE Block Table 6-20. PIE Peripheral Interrupts (1) CPU INTERRUPTS (1) PIE INTERRUPTS INTx.8 INTx.7 INTx.6 INTx.5 INT1 WAKEINT (LPM/WD) TINT0 (TIMER 0) ADCINT (ADC) XINT2 INT2 EPWM8_TZINT (ePWM8) EPWM7_TZINT (ePWM7) EPWM6_TZINT (ePWM6) INT3 EPWM8_INT (ePWM8) EPWM7_INT (ePWM7) INT4 Reserved INT5 Reserved INT6 INT7 INTx.4 INTx.3 INTx.2 INTx.1 XINT1 Reserved SEQ2INT (ADC) SEQ1INT (ADC) EPWM5_TZINT (ePWM5) EPWM4_TZINT (ePWM4) EPWM3_TZINT (ePWM3) EPWM2_TZINT (ePWM2) EPWM1_TZINT (ePWM1) EPWM6T_INTn (ePWM6) EPWM5_INT (ePWM5) EPWM4_INT (ePWM4) EPWM3_INT (ePWM3) EPWM2_INT (ePWM2) EPWM1_INT (ePWM1) Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved SPITXINTA (SPI-A) SPIRXINTA (SPI-A) Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved I2CINT1A (I2C-A) INT8 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved I2CINT2A (I2C-A) INT9 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved SCITXINTA (SCI-A) SCIRXINTA (SCI-A) INT10 EPWM16_TZINT (ePWM16) EPWM15_TZINT (ePWM15) EPWM14_TZINT (ePWM14) EPWM13_TZINT (ePWM13) EPWM12_TZINT (ePWM12) EPWM11_TZINT (ePWM11) EPWM10_TZINT (ePWM10) EPWM9_TZINT (ePWM9) INT11 EPWM16_INT (ePWM16) EPWM15_INT (ePWM15) EPWM14_INT (ePWM14) EPWM13_INT (ePWM13) EPWM12_INT (ePWM12) EPWM11_INT (ePWM11) EPWM10_INT (ePWM10) EPWM9_INT (ePWM9) INT12 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Out of the 96 possible interrupts, 43 interrupts are currently used. The remaining interrupts are reserved for future devices. These interrupts can be used as software interrupts if they are enabled at the PIEIFRx level, provided none of the interrupts within the group is being used by a peripheral. Otherwise, interrupts coming in from peripherals may be lost by accidentally clearing their flag while modifying the PIEIFR. To summarize, there are two safe cases when the reserved interrupts could be used as software interrupts: • No peripheral within the group is asserting interrupts. • No peripheral interrupts are assigned to the group (example PIE group 12). Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 93 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Table 6-21. PIE Configuration and Control Registers NAME SIZE (x16) PIECTRL 0x0CE0 1 PIE, Control Register PIEACK 0x0CE1 1 PIE, Acknowledge Register PIEIER1 0x0CE2 1 PIE, INT1 Group Enable Register PIEIFR1 0x0CE3 1 PIE, INT1 Group Flag Register PIEIER2 0x0CE4 1 PIE, INT2 Group Enable Register PIEIFR2 0x0CE5 1 PIE, INT2 Group Flag Register PIEIER3 0x0CE6 1 PIE, INT3 Group Enable Register PIEIFR3 0x0CE7 1 PIE, INT3 Group Flag Register PIEIER4 0x0CE8 1 PIE, INT4 Group Enable Register PIEIFR4 0x0CE9 1 PIE, INT4 Group Flag Register PIEIER5 0x0CEA 1 PIE, INT5 Group Enable Register PIEIFR5 0x0CEB 1 PIE, INT5 Group Flag Register PIEIER6 0x0CEC 1 PIE, INT6 Group Enable Register PIEIFR6 0x0CED 1 PIE, INT6 Group Flag Register PIEIER7 0x0CEE 1 PIE, INT7 Group Enable Register PIEIFR7 0x0CEF 1 PIE, INT7 Group Flag Register PIEIER8 0x0CF0 1 PIE, INT8 Group Enable Register PIEIFR8 0x0CF1 1 PIE, INT8 Group Flag Register PIEIER9 0x0CF2 1 PIE, INT9 Group Enable Register PIEIFR9 0x0CF3 1 PIE, INT9 Group Flag Register PIEIER10 0x0CF4 1 PIE, INT10 Group Enable Register PIEIFR10 0x0CF5 1 PIE, INT10 Group Flag Register PIEIER11 0x0CF6 1 PIE, INT11 Group Enable Register PIEIFR11 0x0CF7 1 PIE, INT11 Group Flag Register PIEIER12 0x0CF8 1 PIE, INT12 Group Enable Register PIEIFR12 0x0CF9 1 PIE, INT12 Group Flag Register Reserved 0x0CFA – 0x0CFF 6 Reserved (1) 94 DESCRIPTION (1) ADDRESS The PIE configuration and control registers are not protected by EALLOW mode. The PIE vector table is protected. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.5.1 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 External Interrupts Table 6-22. External Interrupt Registers NAME ADDRESS SIZE (x16) 0x7070 1 XINT1 control register XINT2CR 0x7071 1 XINT2 control register Reserved 0x7072 – 0x7076 5 Reserved XNMICR 0x7077 1 XNMI control register XINT1CTR 0x7078 1 XINT1 counter register XINT2CTR 0x7079 1 XINT2 counter register Reserved 0x707A – 0x707E 5 Reserved XNMICTR 0x707F 1 XNMI counter register XINT1CR DESCRIPTION Each external interrupt can be enabled/disabled or qualified using positive, negative, or both positive and negative edge. For more information, see the TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 95 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.6 www.ti.com System Control This section describes the F28044 device oscillator, PLL and clocking mechanisms, the watchdog function and the low-power modes. Figure 6-16 shows the various clock and reset domains in the F28044 device that will be discussed. Reset XRS Watchdog Block (A) SYSCLKOUT Peripheral Reset CLKIN X1 (A) PLL 28x CPU Peripheral Registers Peripheral Bus System Control Registers OSC Power Modes Control CPU Timers X2 XCLKIN Clock Enables Peripheral Registers ePWM 1-16 Peripheral Registers I C-A I/O 2 I/O GPIO MUX GPIOs Low-Speed Prescaler LSPCLK Peripheral Registers Low-Speed Peripherals SCI-A, SPI-A I/O High-Speed Prescaler HSPCLK ADC Registers A. 12-Bit ADC 16 ADC inputs CLKIN is the clock into the CPU. It is passed out of the CPU as SYSCLKOUT (that is, CLKIN is the same frequency as SYSCLKOUT). Figure 6-16. Clock and Reset Domains 96 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 The PLL, clocking, watchdog and low-power modes, are controlled by the registers listed in Table 6-23. Table 6-23. PLL, Clocking, Watchdog, and Low-Power Mode Registers (1) NAME ADDRESS SIZE (x16) 0x7010 1 XCLKOUT Pin Control, X1 and XCLKIN Status Register PLLSTS 0x7011 1 PLL Status Register Reserved 0x7012 – 0x7018 7 Reserved PCLKCR2 0x7019 1 Peripheral Clock Control Register 2 HISPCP 0x701A 1 High-Speed Peripheral Clock Prescaler Register (for HSPCLK) LOSPCP 0x701B 1 Low-Speed Peripheral Clock Prescaler Register (for LSPCLK) PCLKCR0 0x701C 1 Peripheral Clock Control Register 0 PCLKCR1 0x701D 1 Peripheral Clock Control Register 1 LPMCR0 0x701E 1 Low Power Mode Control Register 0 Reserved 0x701F – 0x7020 1 Reserved PLLCR 0x7021 1 PLL Control Register SCSR 0x7022 1 System Control and Status Register WDCNTR 0x7023 1 Watchdog Counter Register Reserved 0x7024 1 Reserved XCLK WDKEY Reserved WDCR Reserved (1) DESCRIPTION 0x7025 1 Watchdog Reset Key Register 0x7026 – 0x7028 3 Reserved 0x7029 1 Watchdog Control Register 0x702A – 0x702F 6 Reserved All of the registers in this table are EALLOW protected. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 97 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.6.1 www.ti.com OSC and PLL Block Figure 6-17 shows the OSC and PLL block on the F28044. XCLKIN (3.3-V Clock Input) OSCCLK OSCCLK 0 XOR PLLSTS[OSCOFF] PLL VCOCLK n OSCCLK or VCOCLK n 0 CLKIN /2 PLLSTS[PLLOFF] X1 PLLSTS[CLKINDIV] On-Chip Oscillator 4-bit PLL Select (PLLCR) X2 Figure 6-17. OSC and PLL Block Diagram The on-chip oscillator circuit enables a crystal/resonator to be attached to the F28044 device using the X1 and X2 pins. If the on-chip oscillator is not used, an external oscillator can be used in either one of the following configurations: 1. A 3.3-V external oscillator can be directly connected to the XCLKIN pin. The X2 pin should be left unconnected and the X1 pin tied low. The logic-high level in this case should not exceed VDDIO. 2. A 1.8-V external oscillator can be directly connected to the X1 pin. The X2 pin should be left unconnected and the XCLKIN pin tied low. The logic-high level in this case should not exceed VDD. The three possible input-clock configurations are shown in Figure 6-18 through Figure 6-20 XCLKIN X1 X2 NC External Clock Signal (Toggling 0-VDDIO) Figure 6-18. Using a 3.3-V External Oscillator XCLKIN X1 X2 External Clock Signal (Toggling 0-VDD) NC Figure 6-19. Using a 1.8-V External Oscillator XCLKIN X1 X2 CL1 CL2 Crystal Figure 6-20. Using the Internal Oscillator 98 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.6.1.1 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 External Reference Oscillator Clock Option The typical specifications for the external quartz crystal for a frequency of 20 MHz are listed below: • Fundamental mode, parallel resonant • CL (load capacitance) = 12 pF • CL1 = CL2 = 24 pF • Cshunt = 6 pF • ESR range = 30 to 60 Ω TI recommends that customers have the resonator/crystal vendor characterize the operation of their device with the DSP chip. The resonator/crystal vendor has the equipment and expertise to tune the tank circuit. The vendor can also advise the customer regarding the proper tank component values that will produce proper start up and stability over the entire operating range. 6.6.1.2 PLL-Based Clock Module The F28044 device has an on-chip, PLL-based clock module. This module provides all the necessary clocking signals for the device, as well as control for low-power mode entry. The PLL has a 4-bit ratio control PLLCR[DIV] to select different CPU clock rates. The watchdog module should be disabled before writing to the PLLCR register. It can be re-enabled (if need be) after the PLL module has stabilized, which takes 131072 OSCCLK cycles. Table 6-24. PLLCR Register Bit Definitions (1) (2) SYSCLKOUT (CLKIN) (2) PLLCR[DIV] (1) PLLSTS[CLKINDIV] 0000 (PLL bypass) 0 OSCCLK/2 0000 (PLL bypass) 1 OSCCLK 0001 0 (OSCCLK*1)/2 0010 0 (OSCCLK*2)/2 0011 0 (OSCCLK*3)/2 0100 0 (OSCCLK*4)/2 0101 0 (OSCCLK*5)/2 0110 0 (OSCCLK*6)/2 0111 0 (OSCCLK*7)/2 1000 0 (OSCCLK*8)/2 1001 0 (OSCCLK*9)/2 1010 0 (OSCCLK*10)/2 1011–1111 0 Reserved This register is EALLOW protected. CLKIN is the input clock to the CPU. SYSCLKOUT is the output clock from the CPU. The frequency of SYSCLKOUT is the same as CLKIN. NOTE PLLSTS[CLKINDIV] can be set to 1 only if PLLCR is 0x0000. PLLCR should not be changed once PLLSTS[CLKINDIV] is set. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 99 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com The PLL-based clock module provides two modes of operation: • Crystal-operation - This mode allows the use of an external crystal/resonator to provide the time base to the device. • External clock source operation - This mode allows the internal oscillator to be bypassed. The device clocks are generated from an external clock source input on the X1 or the XCLKIN pin. Table 6-25. Possible PLL Configuration Modes REMARKS PLLSTS[CLKINDIV] SYSCLKOUT (CLKIN) 0 OSCCLK/2 PLL Off Invoked by the user setting the PLLOFF bit in the PLLSTS register. The PLL block is disabled in this mode. This can be useful to reduce system noise and for low power operation. The PLLCR register must first be set to 0x0000 (PLL Bypass) before entering this mode. The CPU clock (CLKIN) is derived directly from the input clock on either X1/X2, X1 or XCLKIN. 1 OSCCLK PLL Bypass is the default PLL configuration upon power-up or after an external reset (XRS). This mode is selected when the PLLCR register is set to 0x0000 or while the PLL locks to a new frequency after the PLLCR register has been modified. In this mode, the PLL itself is bypassed but the PLL is not turned off. 0 OSCCLK/2 PLL Bypass 1 OSCCLK PLL Enable Achieved by writing a non-zero value n into the PLLCR register. Upon writing to the PLLCR the device will switch to PLL Bypass mode until the PLL locks. 0 OSCCLK*n/2 PLL MODE 6.6.1.3 Loss of Input Clock In PLL-enabled and PLL-bypass mode, if the input clock OSCCLK is removed or absent, the PLL will still issue a "limp-mode" clock. The limp-mode clock continues to clock the CPU and peripherals at a typical frequency of 1–5 MHz. Limp mode is not specified to work from power-up, only after input clocks have been present initially. In PLL bypass mode, the limp mode clock from the PLL is automatically routed to the CPU if the input clock is removed or absent. Normally, when the input clocks are present, the watchdog counter decrements to initiate a watchdog reset or WDINT interrupt. However, when the external input clock fails, the watchdog counter stops decrementing (that is, the watchdog counter does not change with the limp-mode clock). In addition to this, the device will be reset and the “Missing Clock Status” (MCLKSTS) bit will be set. These conditions could be used by the application firmware to detect the input clock failure and initiate necessary shut-down procedure for the system. NOTE Applications in which the correct CPU operating frequency is absolutely critical should implement a mechanism by which the DSP will be held in reset, should the input clocks ever fail. For example, an R-C circuit may be used to trigger the XRS pin of the DSP, should the capacitor ever get fully charged. An I/O pin may be used to discharge the capacitor on a periodic basis to prevent it from getting fully charged. Such a circuit would also help in detecting failure of the flash memory and the VDD3VFL rail. 100 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 6.6.2 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Watchdog Block The watchdog block on the F28044 is similar to the one used on the 240x and 281x devices. The watchdog module generates an output pulse, 512 oscillator clocks wide (OSCCLK), whenever the 8-bit watchdog up counter has reached its maximum value. To prevent this, the user disables the counter or the software must periodically write a 0x55 + 0xAA sequence into the watchdog key register which will reset the watchdog counter. Figure 6-21 shows the various functional blocks within the watchdog module. WDCR (WDPS[2:0]) WDCR (WDDIS) WDCNTR(7:0) OSCCLK Watchdog Prescaler /512 WDCLK 8-Bit Watchdog Counter CLR SCSR(WDOVERRIDE) Clear Counter Internal Pullup WDKEY(7:0) Watchdog 55 + AA Key Detector WDRST Generate Output Pulse WDINT (512 OSCCLKs) Good K ey XRS Core-reset WDCR (WDCHK[2:0]) WDRST(A) A. 1 0 Bad WDCHK Key SCSR (WDENINT) 1 The WDRST signal is driven low for 512 OSCCLK cycles. Figure 6-21. Watchdog Module The WDINT signal enables the watchdog to be used as a wakeup from IDLE/STANDBY mode. In STANDBY mode, all peripherals are turned off on the device. The only peripheral that remains functional is the watchdog. The WATCHDOG module will run off OSCCLK. The WDINT signal is fed to the LPM block so that it can wake the device from STANDBY (if enabled). See Section 6.7, Low-Power Modes Block, for details. In IDLE mode, the WDINT signal can generate an interrupt to the CPU, via the PIE, to take the CPU out of IDLE mode. In HALT mode, this feature cannot be used because the oscillator (and PLL) are turned off and hence so is the WATCHDOG. Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 101 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 6.7 www.ti.com Low-Power Modes Block The low-power modes on the F28044 device are similar to the 240x devices. Table 6-26 summarizes the various modes. Table 6-26. Low-Power Modes EXIT (1) MODE LPMCR0(1:0) OSCCLK CLKIN SYSCLKOUT IDLE 00 On On On (2) XRS, Watchdog interrupt, any enabled interrupt, XNMI STANDBY 01 On (watchdog still running) Off Off XRS, Watchdog interrupt, GPIO Port A signal, debugger (3), XNMI HALT 1X Off (oscillator and PLL turned off, watchdog not functional) Off Off XRS, GPIO Port A signal, XNMI, debugger (3) (1) (2) (3) The Exit column lists which signals or under what conditions the low power mode will be exited. A low signal, on any of the signals, will exit the low power condition. This signal must be kept low long enough for an interrupt to be recognized by the device. Otherwise the IDLE mode will not be exited and the device will go back into the indicated low power mode. The IDLE mode on the C28x behaves differently than on the 24x/240x. On the C28x, the clock output from the CPU (SYSCLKOUT) is still functional while on the 24x/240x the clock is turned off. On the C28x, the JTAG port can still function even if the CPU clock (CLKIN) is turned off. The various low-power modes operate as follows: IDLE Mode: This mode is exited by any enabled interrupt or an XNMI that is recognized by the processor. The LPM block performs no tasks during this mode as long as the LPMCR0(LPM) bits are set to 0,0. STANDBY Mode: Any GPIO port A signal (GPIO[31:0]) can wake the device from STANDBY mode. The user must select which signal(s) will wake the device in the GPIOLPMSEL register. The selected signal(s) are also qualified by the OSCCLK before waking the device. The number of OSCCLKs is specified in the LPMCR0 register. HALT Mode: Only the XRS and any GPIO port A signal (GPIO[31:0]) can wake the device from HALT mode. The user selects the signal in the GPIOLPMSEL register. NOTE The low-power modes do not affect the state of the output pins (PWM pins included). They will be in whatever state the code left them in when the IDLE instruction was executed. See the TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide for details. 102 Detailed Description Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 7 Applications, Implementation, and Layout NOTE Information in the following sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 7.1 TI Reference Design The TI Reference Design Library is a robust reference design library spanning analog, embedded processor, and connectivity. Created by TI experts to help you jump start your system design, all reference designs include schematic or block diagrams, BOMs, and design files to speed your time to market. Search and download designs at the Select TI reference designs page. Applications, Implementation, and Layout Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 103 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 8 Device and Documentation Support 8.1 Getting Started This section gives a brief overview of the steps to take when first developing for a C28x device. For more detail on each of these steps, see the following: • C2000 real-time control MCUs – Design & development • Motor drive and control • Digital power Step 1. Acquire the appropriate development tools The quickest way to begin working with a C28x device is to acquire an eZdsp™ kit for initial development, which, in one package, includes: • On-board JTAG emulation via USB or parallel port • Appropriate emulation driver • Code Composer Studio™ IDE for eZdsp Once you have become familiar with the device and begin developing on your own hardware, purchase Code Composer Studio™ IDE separately for software development and a JTAG emulation tool to get started on your project. Step 2. Download starter software To simplify programming for C28x devices, it is recommended that users download and use the C/C++ Header Files and Example(s) to begin developing software for the C28x devices and their various peripherals. After downloading the appropriate header file package for your device, refer to the following resources for step-by-step instructions on how to run the peripheral examples and use the header file structure for your own software • The Quick Start Readme in the /doc directory to run your first application. • Programming TMS320x28xx and TMS320x28xxx Peripherals in C/C++ Step 3. Download flash programming software Many C28x devices include on-chip flash memory and tools that allow you to program the flash with your software IP. • Flash Tools: C28x Flash Tools • TMS320F281x Flash Programming Solutions • Running an Application from Internal Flash Memory on the TMS320F28xxx DSP Step 4. Move on to more advanced topics For more application software and other advanced topics, visit C2000 real-time control MCUs – Design & development. 104 Device and Documentation Support Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 8.2 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Device and Development Support Tool Nomenclature To designate the stages in the product development cycle, TI assigns prefixes to the part numbers of all TMS320™ DSP devices and support tools. Each TMS320 DSP commercial family member has one of three prefixes: TMX, TMP, or TMS (for example, TMS320F28044). Texas Instruments recommends two of three possible prefix designators for its support tools: TMDX and TMDS. These prefixes represent evolutionary stages of product development from engineering prototypes (TMX/TMDX) through fully qualified production devices/tools (TMS/TMDS). Device development evolutionary flow: TMX Experimental device that is not necessarily representative of the final device's electrical specifications TMP Final silicon die that conforms to the device's electrical specifications but has not completed quality and reliability verification TMS Fully qualified production device Support tool development evolutionary flow: TMDX Development-support product that has not yet completed Texas Instruments internal qualification testing TMDS Fully qualified development-support product TMX and TMP devices and TMDX development-support tools are shipped against the following disclaimer: "Developmental product is intended for internal evaluation purposes." TMS devices and TMDS development-support tools have been characterized fully, and the quality and reliability of the device have been demonstrated fully. TI's standard warranty applies. Predictions show that prototype devices (TMX or TMP) have a greater failure rate than the standard production devices. Texas Instruments recommends that these devices not be used in any production system because their expected end-use failure rate still is undefined. Only qualified production devices are to be used. TI device nomenclature also includes a suffix with the device family name. This suffix indicates the package type (for example, GGM) and temperature range (for example, A). Figure 8-1 provides a legend for reading the complete device name. For device part numbers and further ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum of this document, the TI website (www.ti.com), or contact your TI sales representative. For additional description of the device nomenclature markings on the die, see the TMS320F28044 Digital Signal Processor Silicon Errata. Device and Documentation Support Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 105 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 TMS www.ti.com 320 F 28044 PZ A PREFIX TMX = experimental device TMP = prototype device TMS = qualified device DEVICE FAMILY 320 = TMS320 DSP Family TECHNOLOGY F = Flash EEPROM (1.8-V Core/3.3-V I/O) TEMPERATURE RANGE A = −40°C to 85°C PACKAGE TYPE 100-Ball ZGM Lead-Free Ball Grid Array (BGA) 100-Ball GGM BGA 100-Pin PZ Low-Profile Quad Flatpack (LQFP) DEVICE 28044 Figure 8-1. Device Nomenclature 106 Device and Documentation Support Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 8.3 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Tools and Software TI offers an extensive line of development tools. Some of the tools and software to evaluate the performance of the device, generate code, and develop solutions are listed below. To view all available tools and software for C2000™ real-time control MCUs, visit the C2000 real-time control MCUs – Design & development page. The following products support development of 280x-based applications: Software Development Tools • Code Composer Studio™ Integrated Development Environment (IDE) – C/C++ Compiler – Code generation tools – Assembler/Linker – Cycle Accurate Simulator • Application algorithms • Sample applications code Hardware Development Tools • 2808 eZdsp™ • JTAG debug probes - SPI515, XDS510PP, XDS510PP Plus, XDS510USB™ • Universal 5-V dc power supply • Documentation and cables Software C28x IQMath Library - A Virtual Floating Point Engine Texas Instruments TMS320C28x IQmath Library is collection of highly optimized and high precision mathematical Function Library for C/C++ programmers to seamlessly port the floating-point algorithm into fixed point code on TMS320C28x devices. These routines are typically used in computationally intensive real-time applications where optimal execution speed & high accuracy is critical. By using these routines you can achieve execution speeds considerable faster than equivalent code written in standard ANSI C language. In addition, by providing ready-to-use high precision functions, TI IQmath library can shorten significantly your DSP application development time. (Please find the IQ Math User's Guide in the /docs folder once the file is extracted and installed). C280x, C2801x C/C++ Header Files and Peripheral Examples This utility contains Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) for TMS320x280x and TMS320x280xx DSP devices. This HAL facilitates peripheral configuration using "C". It also contains a simple test program for each peripheral to exemplify the usage of HAL to control & configure the on-chip peripheral. Development Tools C2000 Gang Programmer The C2000 Gang Programmer is a C2000 device programmer that can program up to eight identical C2000 devices at the same time. The C2000 Gang Programmer connects to a host PC using a standard RS-232 or USB connection and provides flexible programming options that allow the user to fully customize the process. Code Composer Studio™ (CCS) Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for C2000 Microcontrollers Code Composer Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) that supports TI's Microcontroller and Embedded Processors portfolio. Code Composer Studio comprises a suite of tools used to develop and debug embedded applications. It includes an optimizing C/C++ compiler, source code editor, project build environment, debugger, profiler, and many other features. The intuitive IDE provides a single user interface taking the user through each step of the application development flow. Familiar tools and interfaces allow users to get started faster than ever before. Code Composer Studio combines the advantages of the Eclipse software framework with advanced embedded debug capabilities from TI resulting in a compelling feature-rich development environment for embedded developers. Device and Documentation Support Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 107 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com Uniflash Standalone Flash Tool CCS Uniflash is a standalone tool used to program on-chip flash memory on TI MCUs. Models Various models are available for download from the product Tools & Software pages. These include I/O Buffer Information Specification (IBIS) Models and Boundary-Scan Description Language (BSDL) Models. To view all available models, visit the Models section of the Tools & Software page. Training To help assist design engineers in taking full advantage of the C2000 microcontroller features and performance, TI has developed a variety of training resources. Utilizing the online training materials and downloadable hands-on workshops provides an easy means for gaining a complete working knowledge of the C2000 microcontroller family. These training resources have been designed to decrease the learning curve, while reducing development time, and accelerating product time to market. For more information on the various training resources, visit the C2000™ real-time control MCUs – Support & training site. 108 Device and Documentation Support Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com 8.4 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Documentation Support To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document. The current documentation that describes the processor, related peripherals, and other technical collateral is listed below. Errata TMS320F28044 Digital Signal Processor Silicon Errata describes the advisories and usage notes for different versions of silicon. CPU User's Guides TMS320C28x CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide describes the central processing unit (CPU) and the assembly language instructions of the TMS320C28x fixed-point digital signal processors (DSPs). It also describes emulation features available on these DSPs. TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide describes the various interrupts and system control features of the 280x digital signal processors (DSPs). Peripheral Guides C2000 Real-Time Control Peripherals Reference Guide describes the peripheral reference guides of the 28x digital signal processors (DSPs). TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x DSP Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Reference Guide describes how to configure and use the on-chip ADC module, which is a 12-bit pipelined ADC. TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Enhanced Pulse Width Modulator (ePWM) Module Reference Guide describes the main areas of the enhanced pulse width modulator that include digital motor control, switch mode power supply control, UPS (uninterruptible power supplies), and other forms of power conversion. TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Enhanced Quadrature Encoder Pulse (eQEP) Module Reference Guide describes the eQEP module, which is used for interfacing with a linear or rotary incremental encoder to get position, direction, and speed information from a rotating machine in high performance motion and position control systems. It includes the module description and registers. TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Enhanced Capture (eCAP) Module Reference Guide describes the enhanced capture module. It includes the module description and registers. TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x High Resolution Pulse Width Modulator (HRPWM) Reference Guide describes the operation of the high-resolution extension to the pulse width modulator (HRPWM). TMS320x281x Enhanced Controller Area Network (eCAN) Reference Guide describes the eCAN that uses established protocol to communicate serially with other controllers in electrically noisy environments. TMS320x281x Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Reference Guide describes the SCI, which is a twowire asynchronous serial port, commonly known as a UART. The SCI modules support digital communications between the CPU and other asynchronous peripherals that use the standard non-returnto-zero (NRZ) format. TMS320x281x Serial Peripheral Interface Reference Guide describes the SPI, a high-speed synchronous serial input/output (I/O) port, that allows a serial bit stream of programmed length (one to sixteen bits) to be shifted into and out of the device at a programmed bit-transfer rate. TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Reference Guide describes the features and operation of the serial communication interface (SCI) module that is available on the TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x devices. TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Serial Peripheral Interface Reference Guide describes how the serial peripheral interface works. Device and Documentation Support Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 109 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Module Reference Guide describes the features and operation of the inter-integrated circuit (I2C) module. TMS320x280x, 2801x, 2804x Boot ROM Reference Guide describes the purpose and features of the bootloader (factory-programmed boot-loading software). It also describes other contents of the device onchip boot ROM and identifies where all of the information is located within that memory. Tools Guides TMS320C28x Assembly Language Tools v20.2.0.LTS User's Guide describes the assembly language tools (assembler and other tools used to develop assembly language code), assembler directives, macros, common object file format, and symbolic debugging directives for the TMS320C28x device. TMS320C28x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler v20.2.0.LTS User's Guide describes the TMS320C28x C/C++ compiler. This compiler accepts ANSI standard C/C++ source code and produces TMS320 DSP assembly language source code for the TMS320C28x device. TMS320C28x DSP/BIOS 5.x Application Programming Interface (API) Reference Guide describes development using DSP/BIOS. Application Reports TMS320x281x to TMS320x2833x or 2823x Migration Overview describes how to migrate from the 281x device design to 2833x or 2823x designs. TMS320x280x to TMS320x2833x or 2823x Migration Overview describes how to migrate from a 280x device design to 2833x or 2823x designs. TMS320C28x FPU Primer provides an overview of the floating-point unit (FPU) in the C2000™ premium performance MCUs. Running an Application from Internal Flash Memory on the TMS320F28xxx DSP covers the requirements needed to properly configure application software for execution from on-chip flash memory. Requirements for both DSP/BIOS and non-DSP/BIOS projects are presented. Example code projects are included. Programming TMS320x28xx and TMS320x28xxx Peripherals in C/C++ explores a hardware abstraction layer implementation to make C/C++ coding easier on 28x DSPs. This method is compared to traditional #define macros and topics of code efficiency and special case registers are also addressed. Using PWM Output as a Digital-to-Analog Converter on a TMS320F280x Digital Signal Controller presents a method for using the on-chip pulse width modulated (PWM) signal generators on the TMS320F280x family of digital signal controllers as a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). TMS320F280x Digital Signal Controller USB Connectivity using the TUSB3410 USB-to-UART Bridge Chip presents hardware connections as well as software preparation and operation of the development system using a simple communication echo program. Using the Enhanced Quadrature Encoder Pulse (eQEP) Module in TMS320x280x, 28xxx as a Dedicated Capture provides a guide for the use of the eQEP module as a dedicated capture unit and is applicable to the TMS320x280x, 28xxx family of processors. Using the ePWM Module for 0% - 100% Duty Cycle Control provides a guide for the use of the ePWM module to provide 0% to 100% duty cycle control and is applicable to the TMS320x280x family of processors. TMS320280x and TMS3202801x ADC Calibration describes a method for improving the absolute accuracy of the 12-bit ADC found on the TMS320x280x and TMS320F2801x devices. Inherent gain and offset errors affect the absolute accuracy of the ADC. The methods described in this report can improve the absolute accuracy of the ADC to levels better than 0.5%. This application report has an option to download an example program that executes from RAM on the F2808 EzDSP. 110 Device and Documentation Support Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 TMS320F28044 www.ti.com SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 Online Stack Overflow Detection on the TMS320C28x DSP presents the methodology for online stack overflow detection on the TMS320C28x DSP. C-source code is provided that contains functions for implementing the overflow detection on both DSP/BIOS and non-DSP/BIOS applications. TMS320x281x to TMS320x280x Migration Overview describes differences between the Texas Instruments TMS320x281x and the TMS320x280x/2801x/2804x DSPs to assist in application migration. Semiconductor Packing Methodology describes the packing methodologies employed to prepare semiconductor devices for shipment to end users. An Introduction to IBIS (I/O Buffer Information Specification) Modeling discusses various aspects of IBIS including its history, advantages, compatibility, model generation flow, data requirements in modeling the input/output structures and future trends. Calculating Useful Lifetimes of Embedded Processors provides a methodology for calculating the useful lifetime of TI embedded processors (EPs) under power when used in electronic systems. It is aimed at general engineers who wish to determine if the reliability of the TI EP meets the end system reliability requirement. Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics describes traditional and new thermal metrics and puts their application in perspective with respect to system-level junction temperature estimation. Calculating FIT for a Mission Profile explains how use TI’s reliability de-rating tools to calculate a component level FIT under power on conditions for a system mission profile. Serial Flash Programming of C2000™ Microcontrollers discusses using a flash kernel and ROM loaders for serial programming a device. 8.5 Support Resources TI E2E™ support forums are an engineer's go-to source for fast, verified answers and design help — straight from the experts. Search existing answers or ask your own question to get the quick design help you need. Linked content is provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use. 8.6 Trademarks Code Composer Studio, C2000, MicroStar BGA, TMS320, TI E2E are trademarks of Texas Instruments. eZdsp, XDS510USB are trademarks of Spectrum Digital. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 8.7 Electrostatic Discharge Caution This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. 8.8 Glossary TI Glossary This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions. Device and Documentation Support Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 111 TMS320F28044 SPRS357D – AUGUST 2006 – REVISED JUNE 2020 www.ti.com 9 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information 9.1 Packaging Information The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation. 112 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information Copyright © 2006–2020, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Links: TMS320F28044 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Dec-2020 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead finish/ Ball material MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) (3) Device Marking (4/5) (6) TMS320F28044PZA ACTIVE LQFP PZ 100 90 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR -40 to 85 320F28044PZA TMS (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may reference these types of products as "Pb-Free". RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption. Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of