TPS60400DBVRG4

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 TPS60400, TPS60403 SLVS324CTPS60401, – JULY 2001 –TPS60402, REVISED OCTOBER 2020 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 TPS6040x Unregulated 60-mA Charge Pump Voltage Inverter 1 Features 3 Description • • • The TPS6040x family of devices generates an unregulated negative output voltage from an input voltage ranging from 1.6 V to 5.5 V. The devices are typically supplied by a preregulated supply rail of 5 V or 3.3 V. Due to its wide input voltage range, two or three NiCd, NiMH, or alkaline battery cells, as well as one Li-Ion cell can also power them. • • • • • • Inverts Input Supply Voltage Up to 60-mA Output Current Only Three Small 1-µF Ceramic Capacitors Needed Input Voltage Range From 1.6 V to 5.5 V PowerSave-Mode for Improved Efficiency at LowOutput Currents (TPS60400) Device Quiescent Current Typical 65 µA Integrated Active Schottky-Diode for Start-up Into Load Small 5-Pin SOT-23 Package Evaluation Module Available TPS60400EVM-178 2 Applications • • • • • • LCD Bias GaAs Bias for RF Power Amps Sensor Supply in Portable Instruments Bipolar Amplifier Supply Medical Instruments Battery-Operated Equipment Only three external 1-µF capacitors are required to build a complete DC-DC charge pump inverter. Assembled in a 5-pin SOT-23 package, the complete converter can be built on a 50-mm2 board area. Additional board area and component count reduction is achieved by replacing the Schottky diode that is typically needed for start-up into load by integrated circuitry. The TPS6040x can deliver a maximum output current of 60 mA with a typical conversion efficiency of greater than 90% over a wide output current range. Three device options with 20-kHz, 50-kHz, and 250kHz fixed-frequency operation are available. TPS60400 comes with a variable switching frequency to reduce operating current in applications with a wide load range and enables the design with low-value capacitors. Device Information PACKAGE (1) PART NUMBER TPS6040x (1) C(fly) IO = 60 mA TPS60400 IN OUT IO = 30 mA -1 CFLY+ 1 CO 1 µF GND 4 Typical Application Output -1.6 V to -5.5 V, Max 60 mA V O - Output Voltage - V CI 1 µF 0 5 CFLY2 2.90 mm x 1.60 mm For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the datasheet. 1 µF 3 Input 1.6 V to 5.5 V SOT-23 (5) BODY SIZE (NOM) IO = 1 mA -2 -3 -4 TA = 25°C -5 0 1 2 3 4 VI - Input Voltage - V 5 Output Voltage vs Input Voltage An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA. Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 1 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 Table of Contents 1 Features............................................................................1 2 Applications..................................................................... 1 3 Description.......................................................................1 4 Revision History.............................................................. 2 5 Device Comparison Table...............................................3 6 Pin Configuration and Functions...................................3 7 Specifications.................................................................. 4 7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings........................................ 4 7.2 Handling Ratings.........................................................4 7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions.........................4 7.4 Thermal Information....................................................4 7.5 Electrical Characteristics.............................................5 7.6 Typical Characteristics................................................ 5 8 Detailed Description......................................................10 8.1 Overview................................................................... 10 8.2 Functional Block Diagram......................................... 10 8.3 Feature Description...................................................11 8.4 Device Functional Modes..........................................12 9 Application and Implementation.................................. 13 9.1 Application Information............................................. 13 9.2 Typical Application.................................................... 13 9.3 System Examples..................................................... 16 10 Power Supply Recommendations..............................20 11 Layout........................................................................... 21 11.1 Layout Guidelines................................................... 21 11.2 Layout Example...................................................... 21 12 Device and Documentation Support..........................22 12.1 Device Support....................................................... 22 12.2 Related Links.......................................................... 22 12.3 Trademarks............................................................. 22 12.4 Electrostatic Discharge Caution..............................22 12.5 Glossary..................................................................22 13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information.................................................................... 22 4 Revision History NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version. Changes from Revision B (April 2015) to Revision C (October 2020) Page • Updated the numbering format for tables, figures and cross-references throughout the document...................1 Changes from Revision A (November 2004) to Revision B (April 2015) Page • Added Handling Rating table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section................... 1 2 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 5 Device Comparison Table PART NUMBER(1) MARKING DBV PACKAGE TYPICAL FLYING CAPACITOR [µF] FEATURE PFKI 1 Variable switching frequency 50 kHz-250 kHz TPS60400DBV TPS60401DBV PFLI 10 Fixed frequency 20 kHz TPS60402DBV PFMI 3.3 Fixed frequency 50 kHz TPS60403DBV PFNI 1 Fixed frequency 250 kHz (1) The DBV package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (for example, TPS60400DBVR) to order quantities of 3000 devices per reel. Add T suffix to device type (for example, TPS60400DBVT) to order quantities of 250 devices per reel. 6 Pin Configuration and Functions OUT 1 IN 2 CFLY– 3 5 CFLY+ 4 GND Figure 6-1. DBV Package 5 Pins Top View Table 6-1. Pin Functions PIN NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION CFLY+ 5 Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C(fly) CFLY- 3 Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C(fly) GND 4 IN 2 I Supply input. Connect to an input supply in the 1.6-V to 5.5-V range. Bypass IN to GND with a capacitor that has the same value as the flying capacitor. OUT 1 O Power output with VO = -VI Bypass OUT to GND with the output filter capacitor CO. Ground Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 Submit Document Feedback 3 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 7 Specifications 7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1) Voltage range MIN MAX UNIT IN to GND -0.3 5.5 V OUT to GND -5.5 0.3 V CFLY- to GND 0.3 VO - 0.3 V CFLY+ to GND -0.3 V VI + 0.3 V Continuous power dissipation See Section 9.2.1.2.5 Continuous output current 80 mA Maximum junction temperature, TJ 150 °C (1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 7.2 Handling Ratings Tstg Storage temperature range V(ESD) (1) (2) Electrostatic discharge MIN MAX UNIT °C -55°C 150°C Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all pins(1) -1000 1000 Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101, all pins(2) -500 500 V JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions MIN Input voltage range, VI NOM 1.8 Output current range at OUT, IO MAX UNIT 5.25 V 60 Input capacitor, CI 0 C(fly) Flying capacitor, C(fly) 1 Output capacitor, CO 1 Operating junction temperature, TJ -40 mA µF µF 100 µF 125 °C 7.4 Thermal Information TPS6040x THERMAL METRIC(1) DBV UNIT 5 PINS RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 221.2 RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 81.9 RθJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 39.8 ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 3.3 ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 38.9 RθJC(bot) Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance n/a (1) 4 °C/W For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953. Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 7.5 Electrical Characteristics CI = C(fly) = CO (according to Table 1), TC = -40°C to 85°C, VI = 5 V over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VI Supply voltage range IO Maximum output current at VO VO Output voltage VP-P At TC = -40°C to 85°C, RL = 5 kΩ 1.8 At TC≥ 0°C, RL= 5 kΩ 1.6 TYP 5.25 Output voltage ripple TPS60400 C(fly) = 1 µF, CO = 2.2 µF 35 TPS60401 C(fly) = CO = 10 µF 20 C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF 20 C(fly) = CO = 1 µF 15 TPS60402 IO = 5 mA Quiescent current (no-load input current) 125 270 65 190 120 270 425 TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60400 At T ≤ 60°C, 700 135 VI = 5 V 210 µA 640 VCO version 30 50-250 350 TPS60401 13 20 28 TPS60402 30 50 70 150 TPS60403 Impedance at 25°C, VI = 5 V µA 210 TPS60403 Internal switching frequency mVP-P TPS60401 TPS60403 V V TPS60400 At VI = 5 V UNIT mA -VI TPS60402 fOSC MAX 60 TPS60403 IQ MIN 250 300 TPS60400 CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF 12 15 TPS60401 CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 µF 12 15 TPS60402 CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF 12 15 TPS60403 CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF 12 15 kHz Ω 7.6 Typical Characteristics Table 7-1. Table of Graphs FIGURE η Efficiency vs Output current at 3.3 V, 5 V TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 Figure 7-1, Figure 7-2 II Input current vs Output current TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 Figure 7-3, Figure 7-4 IS Supply current vs Input voltage TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 Figure 7-5, Figure 7-6 Output resistance vs Input voltage at -40°C, 0°C, 25°C, 85°C TPS60400, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF TPS60401, CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 µF TPS60402 , CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF TPS60403, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF Figure 7-7, Figure 7-8, Figure 7-9, Figure 7-10 Output voltage vs Output current at 25°C, VIN=1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V TPS60400, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF TPS60401, CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 µF TPS60402 , CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF TPS60403, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF Figure 7-11, Figure 7-12, Figure 7-13, Figure 7-14 VO Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 Submit Document Feedback 5 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 Table 7-1. Table of Graphs (continued) FIGURE fOSC Oscillator frequency vs Temperature at VI = 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 Figure 7-15, Figure 7-16, Figure 7-17, Figure 7-18 fOSC Oscillator frequency vs Output current TPS60400 at 2 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V Figure 7-19 100 100 TPS60400 VI = 5 V 95 TPS60402 VI = 5 V 90 85 Efficiency – % 90 Efficiency – % TPS60403 VI = 5 V 95 TPS60401 VI = 5 V TPS60401 VI = 3.3 V 80 75 TPS60400 VI = 3.3 V 70 85 80 TPS60403 VI = 3.3 V 75 TPS60402 VI = 3.3 V 70 65 65 TA = 25°C 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 IO – Output Current – mA TA = 25°C 60 90 100 Figure 7-1. Efficiency vs Output Current 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 IO – Output Current – mA 90 100 Figure 7-2. Efficiency vs Output Current 100 100 TA = 25°C TA = 25°C I I – Input Current – mA I I – Input Current – mA TPS60400 VI = 5 V 10 TPS60401 VI = 5 V TPS60401 VI = 2 V 1 TPS60403 VI = 5 V 10 TPS60403 VI = 2 V 1 TPS60402 VI = 5 V TPS60400 VI = 2 V 0.1 0.1 TPS60402 VI = 2 V 1 10 IO – Output Current – mA 0.1 0.1 100 Figure 7-3. Input Current vs Output Current 1 10 IO – Output Current – mA Figure 7-4. Input Current vs Output Current 0.6 0.6 IO = 0 mA TA = 25°C I DD – Supply Current – mA IO = 0 mA TA = 25°C I DD – Supply Current – mA 100 0.4 0.2 0.4 TPS60403 0.2 TPS60400 TPS60402 TPS60401 0 0 1 2 3 VI – Input Voltage – V 4 0 5 Figure 7-5. Supply Current vs Input Voltage 6 Submit Document Feedback 0 1 2 3 VI – Input Voltage – V 4 5 Figure 7-6. Supply Current vs Input Voltage Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 40 40 IO = 30 mA CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF IO = 30 mA CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 µF 35 30 30 ro – Output Resistance – W ro – Output Resistance – W 35 25 TA = 85°C 20 TA = 25°C 15 10 25 20 TA = 25°C TA = 85°C 15 10 5 5 TA = –40°C TA = –40°C 0 1 2 3 4 VI – Input Voltage – V 5 0 6 Figure 7-7. Output Resistance vs Input Voltage 5 6 ro – Output Resistance – W 30 25 TA = 25°C 20 TA = 85°C 15 TA = –40°C 5 IO = 30 mA CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF 35 10 30 25 20 TA = 25°C TA = 85°C 15 10 5 0 TA = –40°C 0 1 2 3 4 VI – Input Voltage – V 5 1 6 Figure 7-9. Output Resistance vs Input Voltage 2 3 4 VI – Input Voltage – V 5 6 Figure 7-10. Output Resistance vs Input Voltage 0 0 TA = 25°C –1 TA = 25°C –1 VI = 1.8 V VI = 1.8 V VO – Output Voltage – V VO – Output Voltage – V 3 4 VI – Input Voltage – V 40 IO = 30 mA CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF 35 VI = 2.5 V –2 –3 VI = 3.3 V –4 VI = 5 V –5 –6 2 Figure 7-8. Output Resistance vs Input Voltage 40 ro – Output Resistance – W 1 VI = 2.5 V –2 VI = 3.3 V –3 –4 VI = 5 V –5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 IO – Output Current – mA Figure 7-11. Output Voltage vs Output Current –6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 IO – Output Current – mA Figure 7-12. Output Voltage vs Output Current Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 Submit Document Feedback 7 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 0 0 TA = 25°C TA = 25°C –1 –1 VI = 1.8 V VO – Output Voltage – V VO – Output Voltage – V VI = 1.8 V VI = 2.5 V –2 VI = 3.3 V –3 –4 VI = 5 V –4 VI = 5 V 0 10 20 30 40 50 –6 60 Figure 7-13. Output Voltage vs Output Current 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 IO – Output Current – mA IO – Output Current – mA Figure 7-14. Output Voltage vs Output Current 250 24 IO = 10 mA 23.8 VI = 1.8 V 200 150 VI = 2.5 V VI = 3.3 V 100 VI = 5 V 50 f osc – Oscillator Frequency – kHz f osc – Oscillator Frequency – kHz VI = 3.3 V –3 –5 –5 –6 VI = 2.5 V –2 IO = 10 mA 23.6 VI = 3.3 V 23.4 VI = 5 V 23.2 23 VI = 2.5 V 22.8 22.6 VI = 1.8 V 22.4 22.2 0 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 22 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 7-15. Oscillator Frequency vs Free-Air Temperature Figure 7-16. Oscillator Frequency vs Free-Air Temperature 57 250 IO = 10 mA VI = 5 V VI = 3.3 V 55 54 VI = 2.5 V 53 52 VI = 1.8 V 51 50 f osc – Oscillator Frequency – kHz f osc – Oscillator Frequency – kHz VI = 5 V 240 56 VI = 3.3 V 230 VI = 2.5 V 220 210 VI = 1.8 V 200 190 180 170 IO = 10 mA 160 49 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 7-17. Oscillator Frequency vs Free-Air Temperature 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Submit Document Feedback 150 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 TA – Free-Air Temperature – °C Figure 7-18. Oscillator Frequency vs Free-Air Temperature Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 300 f osc – Oscillator Frequency – kHz TA = 25°C VI = 3.3 V 250 VI = 1.8 V 200 VI = 5 V 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 IO – Output Current – mA Figure 7-19. Oscillator Frequency vs Output Current Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 Submit Document Feedback 9 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 8 Detailed Description 8.1 Overview The TPS60400, TPS60401 charge pumps invert the voltage applied to their input. For the highest performance, use low equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitors (for example, ceramic). During the first half-cycle, switches S2 and S4 open, switches S1 and S3 close, and capacitor (C(fly)) charges to the voltage at VI. During the second half-cycle, S1 and S3 open, S2 and S4 close. This connects the positive terminal of C(fly) to GND and the negative to VO. By connecting C(fly) in parallel, CO is charged negative. The actual voltage at the output is more positive than -VI, since switches S1-S4 have resistance and the load drains charge from CO. VI S1 C(fly) S4 VO (–VI) 1 µF S2 CO 1 µF S3 GND GND Figure 8-1. Operating Principle 8.2 Functional Block Diagram VI VI – VCFLY+ < 0.5 V VI MEAS VI < 1 V VO > Vbe R Start FF Q DC_ Startup VI S VO Q1 VO MEAS OSC CHG OSC 50 kHz Q Phase Generator + Q Q2 VO > –1 V VI B Q3 Q5 GND VO VCO_CONT VI / VO MEAS 10 VO Q4 C(fly) DC_ Startup VO < –VI – Vbe Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 8.3 Feature Description 8.3.1 Charge-Pump Output Resistance The TPS6040x devices are not voltage regulators. The charge pump's output source resistance is approximately 15 Ω at room temperature (with VI = 5 V), and VO approaches -5 V when lightly loaded. VO droops toward GND as load current increases. VO = –(VI – RO × IO) R O [ ǒ 1 ) 4 2R C ƒosc (1) SWITCH ) ESR (fly) RO = output resistance of the converter CFLY Ǔ ) ESRCO (2) 8.3.2 Efficiency Considerations The power efficiency of a switched-capacitor voltage converter is affected by three factors: the internal losses in the converter IC, the resistive losses of the capacitors, and the conversion losses during charge transfer between the capacitors. The internal losses are associated with the internal functions of the IC, such as driving the switches, oscillator, and so forth. These losses are affected by operating conditions such as input voltage, temperature, and frequency. The next two losses are associated with the output resistance of the voltage converter circuit. Switch losses occur because of the on-resistance of the MOSFET switches in the IC. Chargepump capacitor losses occur because of their ESR. The relationship between these losses and the output resistance is as follows: PCAPACITOR LOSSES + PCONVERSION LOSSES = IO2 × RO RSWITCH = resistance of a single MOSFET-switch inside the converter fOSC = oscillator frequency (3) The first term is the effective resistance from an ideal switched-capacitor circuit. Conversion losses occur during the charge transfer between C(fly) and CO when there is a voltage difference between them. The power loss is: ƪ P CONV.LOSS + 1 2 ǒ Ǔ ǒ Ǔƫ C (fly) VI2 * VO2 ) 1 C O VRIPPLE2 * 2VOV RIPPLE 2 ƒ osc (4) The efficiency of the TPS6040x devices is dominated by their quiescent supply current at low output current and by their output impedance at higher current. h^ IO IO ) I Q ǒ I 1* O Ǔ RO VI (5) Where, IQ = quiescent current. Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 Submit Document Feedback 11 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 8.4 Device Functional Modes 8.4.1 Active-Schottky Diode For a short period of time, when the input voltage is applied, but the inverter is not yet working, the output capacitor is charged positive by the load. To prevent the output being pulled above GND, a Schottky diode must be added in parallel to the output. The function of this diode is integrated into the TPS6040x devices, which gives a defined startup performance and saves board space. A current sink and a diode in series can approximate the behavior of a typical, modern operational amplifier. Figure 8-2 shows the current into this typical load at a given voltage. The TPS6040x devices are optimized to start into these loads. VI C(fly) 5 1 µF +V Typical Load 3 -V C1+ C1TPS60400 2 OUT VO (-VI) 1 IO IN CI 1 µF CO 1 µF GND 4 GND Figure 8-2. Typical Load Load Current 60 mA 0.4 V 25 mA 0.4 V 1.25 V 5V Voltage at the Load Figure 8-3. Maximum Start-Up Current 12 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 9 Application and Implementation Note Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality. 9.1 Application Information The TPS6040x is a family of devices that generate an unregulated negative output voltage from an input voltage ranging from 1.6 V to 5.5 V. 9.2 Typical Application 9.2.1 Voltage Inverter The design guidelines provide a component selection to operate the device within the recommended operating conditions. C(fly) 2 Input 5 V CI 1 µF 1 µF 3 5 C1– C1+ TPS60400 IN OUT GND 4 1 CO 1 µF –5 V, Max 60 mA Figure 9-1. Typical Operating Circuit 9.2.1.1 Design Requirements The TPS6040x is connected to generate a negative output voltage from a positive input. 9.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure The most common application for these devices is a charge-pump voltage inverter (see Figure 9-1). This application requires only two external components; capacitors C(fly) and CO, plus a bypass capacitor, if necessary. Refer to the capacitor selection section for suggested capacitor types. For the maximum output current and best performance, three ceramic capacitors of 1 µF (TPS60400, TPS60403) are recommended. For lower currents or higher allowed output voltage ripple, other capacitors can also be used. It is recommended that the output capacitors has a minimum value of 1 µF. With flying capacitors lower than 1 µF, the maximum output power decreases. 9.2.1.2.1 Capacitor Selection To maintain the lowest output resistance, use capacitors with low ESR (see Table 9-1). The charge-pump output resistance is a function of C(fly)'s and CO's ESR. Therefore, minimizing the charge-pump capacitor's ESR minimizes the total output resistance. The capacitor values are closely linked to the required output current and the output noise and ripple requirements. It is possible to only use 1-µF capacitors of the same type. 9.2.1.2.2 Input Capacitor (CI) Bypass the incoming supply to reduce its ac impedance and the impact of the TPS6040x switching noise. The recommended bypassing depends on the circuit configuration and where the load is connected. When the inverter is loaded from OUT to GND, current from the supply switches between 2 x IO and zero. Therefore, use a large bypass capacitor (for example, equal to the value of C(fly)) if the supply has high ac impedance. When the inverter is loaded from IN to OUT, the circuit draws 2 × IO constantly, except for short switching spikes. A 0.1-µF bypass capacitor is sufficient. Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 Submit Document Feedback 13 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 9.2.1.2.3 Flying Capacitor (C(fly)) Increasing the flying capacitor's size reduces the output resistance. Small values increases the output resistance. Above a certain point, increasing C(fly)'s capacitance has a negligible effect, because the output resistance becomes dominated by the internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR. 9.2.1.2.4 Output Capacitor (CO) Increasing the output capacitor's size reduces the output ripple voltage. Decreasing its ESR reduces both output resistance and ripple. Smaller capacitance values can be used with light loads if higher output ripple can be tolerated. Use the following equation to calculate the peak-to-peak ripple. I V O(ripple) + O f osc Co )2 I O ESR CO (6) Table 9-1. Recommended Capacitor Values DEVICE VI [V] IO [mA] CI [µF] C(fly) [µF] CO [µF] TPS60400 1.8…5.5 60 1 1 1 TPS60401 1.8…5.5 60 10 10 10 TPS60402 1.8…5.5 60 3.3 3.3 3.3 TPS60403 1.8…5.5 60 1 1 1 Table 9-2. Recommended Capacitors MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER SIZE CAPACITANCE Taiyo Yuden EMK212BJ474MG 0805 0.47 µF Ceramic LMK212BJ105KG 0805 1 µF Ceramic LMK212BJ225MG 0805 2.2 µF Ceramic TDK TYPE EMK316BJ225KL 1206 2.2 µF Ceramic LMK316BJ475KL 1206 4.7 µF Ceramic JMK316BJ106KL 1206 10 µF Ceramic C2012X5R1C105M 0805 1 µF Ceramic C2012X5R1A225M 0805 2.2 µF Ceramic C2012X5R1A335M 0805 3.3 µF Ceramic Table 9-3 contains a list of manufacturers of the recommended capacitors. Ceramic capacitors will provide the lowest output voltage ripple because they typically have the lowest ESR-rating. Table 9-3. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers 14 CAPACITOR TYPE MANUFACTURER WEB ADDRESS X5R / X7R ceramic Taiyo Yuden www.t-yuden.com X5R / X7R ceramic TDK www.component.tdk.com X5R / X7R ceramic Vishay www.vishay.com X5R / X7R ceramic Kemet www.kemet.com Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2020 Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: TPS60400 TPS60401 TPS60402 TPS60403 TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403 www.ti.com SLVS324C – JULY 2001 – REVISED OCTOBER 2020 9.2.1.2.5 Power Dissipation As given in Section 7.4, the thermal resistance of TPS6040x is: RΘJA = 221°C/W. The terminal resistance can be calculated using the following equation: R T *T A + J qJA P D (7) where: TJ is the junction temperature. TA is the ambient temperature. PD is the power that is dissipated by the device. R qJA T *T A + J P D (8) The maximum power dissipation can be calculated using the following equation: PD = VI× II - VO× IO = VI(max)× (IO + I(SUPPLY)) - VO× IO (9) The maximum power dissipation happens with maximum input voltage and maximum output current. At maximum load the supply current is 0.7 mA maximum. PD = 5 V × (60 mA + 0.7 mA) - 4.4 V × 60 mA = 40 mW (10) With this maximum rating and the thermal resistance of the device on the EVM, the maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature can be calculated using the following equation: ΔTJ = RΘJA× PD = 221°C/W × 40 mW =8.8°C (11) This means that the internal dissipation increases TJ by