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TPS61220, TPS61221, TPS61222
SLVS776B – JANUARY 2009 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2014
TPS6122x Low Input Voltage, 0.7V Boost Converter With 5.5μA Quiescent Current
1 Features
3 Description
•
The TPS6122x family devices provide a power-supply
solution for products powered by either a single-cell,
two-cell, or three-cell alkaline, NiCd or NiMH, or onecell Li-Ion or Li-polymer battery. Possible output
currents depend on the input-to-output voltage ratio.
The boost converter is based on a hysteretic
controller topology using synchronous rectification to
obtain maximum efficiency at minimal quiescent
currents. The output voltage of the adjustable version
can be programmed by an external resistor divider, or
is set internally to a fixed output voltage. The
converter can be switched off by a featured enable
pin. While being switched off, battery drain is
minimized. The device is offered in a 6-pin SC-70
package (DCK) measuring 2 mm x 2 mm to enable
small circuit layout size.
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Up to 95% Efficiency at Typical Operating
Conditions
5.5 μA Quiescent Current
Startup Into Load at 0.7 V Input Voltage
Operating Input Voltage from 0.7 V to 5.5 V
Pass-Through Function during Shutdown
Minimum Switching Current 200 mA
Protections:
– Output Overvoltage
– Overtemperature
– Input Undervoltage Lockout
Adjustable Output Voltage from 1.8 V to 6 V
Fixed Output Voltage Versions
Small 6-pin SC-70 Package
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
2 Applications
TPS61220
•
TPS61221
•
•
•
•
•
Battery Powered Applications
– 1 to 3 Cell Alkaline, NiCd or NiMH
– 1 cell Li-Ion or Li-Primary
Solar or Fuel Cell Powered Applications
Consumer and Portable Medical Products
Personal Care Products
White or Status LEDs
Smartphones
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
SC-70 (6)
2.00mm x 1.25mm
TPS61222
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of this document.
4 Simplified Schematic
L1
VIN
0.7 V to VOUT
VOUT
L
R1
VIN
C1
10 µF
FB
EN
C2
10µF
VOUT
1.8 V to 6 V
Efficiency vs Output Current and Input Voltage (VOUT = 3.3V)
0.8
≥ 70%
R2
1.3
≥ 80%
GND
1.8
TPS61220
2.3
≥ 90%
2.8
0.01
0.1
1
I OUT - Output Current - mA
10
VIN - Input Voltage - V
4.7 µH
100
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
TPS61220, TPS61221, TPS61222
SLVS776B – JANUARY 2009 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2014
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Simplified Schematic.............................................
Revision History.....................................................
Device Comparison ...............................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
3
3
4
4
4
5
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
Handling Ratings.......................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
9 Parameter Measurement Information ................ 10
10 Detailed Description ........................................... 11
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
Overview ...............................................................
Functional Block Diagrams ...................................
Feature Description...............................................
Device Functional Modes......................................
11
11
11
12
11.1 Application Information.......................................... 13
11.2 Typical Applications .............................................. 13
12 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 17
12.1 Typical Power Sources .........................................
12.2 Input Voltage Effects On Output Current and
Efficiency..................................................................
12.3 Behavior While Disabled .......................................
12.4 Startup...................................................................
17
17
17
17
13 Layout................................................................... 18
13.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 18
13.2 Layout Example .................................................... 18
13.3 Thermal Considerations ........................................ 18
14 Device and Documentation Support ................. 19
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
Device Support......................................................
Documentation Support ........................................
Related Links ........................................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
19
19
19
19
19
19
15 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 20
11 Applications and Implementation...................... 13
5 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision A (April 2014) to Revision B
Page
•
Changed format of Handling Ratings table. .......................................................................................................................... 3
•
Added new note to Application and Implementation section................................................................................................ 13
•
Renamed "Thermal Information" section to "Thermal Considerations" section. ................................................................. 18
Changes from Original (August 2009) to Revision A
Page
•
Updated data sheet format ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
•
Changed the data sheet title From: LOW INPUT VOLTAGE STEP-UP CONVERTER IN 6 PIN SC-70 PACKAGE
To: TPS6122x LOW INPUT VOLTAGE, 0.7V BOOST CONVERTER WITH 5.5μA QUIESCENT CURRENT ..................... 1
•
Changed Feature bullet and Simplified Schematic text from "....1.8 V to 5.5 V" to "....1.8 V to 6 V"..................................... 1
•
Deleted "machine model" ESD rating because JEDEC discontinued its use in 2012. ......................................................... 3
•
Changed Overvoltage protect threshold min and VOUT max levels from 5.5V to 6V.............................................................. 4
•
Changed Adjustable output voltage version description text string from "....voltage is 5.5 V" to "....voltage is 6.0 V" ........ 16
•
Changed Layout diagram to correct typo in resistor numbers. ............................................................................................ 18
2
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Copyright © 2009–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: TPS61220 TPS61221 TPS61222
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SLVS776B – JANUARY 2009 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2014
6 Device Comparison
TA
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
DC/DC
PACKAGE
MARKING
Adjustable
CKR
3.3 V
CKS
5.0 V
CKT
–40°C to 85°C
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
PACKAGE (1)
PART NUMBER (2)
TPS61220DCK
6-pin SC-70
TPS61221DCK
TPS61222DCK
Contact the factory to check availability of other fixed output voltage versions.
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
website at www.ti.com.
The DCK package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g., TPS61220DCKR) to order quantities of 3000 devices
per reel. It is also available in minireels. Add a T suffix to the device type (i.e. TPS61220DCKT) to order quantities of 250 devices per
reel.
7 Pin Configuration and Functions
DCK PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
VIN
FB
GND
EN
L
VOUT
Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
NO.
I/O
DESCRIPTION
EN
6
I
Enable input (1: enabled, 0: disabled). Must be actively tied high or low. Do not leave floating.
FB
2
I
Voltage feedback of adjustable version. Must be connected to VOUT at fixed output voltage versions.
GND
3
L
5
VIN
VOUT
Control / logic and power ground
I
Connection for Inductor
1
I
Boost converter input voltage
4
O
Boost converter output voltage
8 Specifications
8.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1)
TPS6122x
UNIT
VIN
Input voltage on VIN, L, VOUT, EN, FB
–0.3 to 7.5
V
TJ
Operating junction temperature
–40 to 150
°C
(1)
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
8.2 Handling Ratings
MIN
MAX
UNIT
–65
150
°C
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS001, all pins (1)
–2
2
kV
Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification
JESD22-C101, all pins (2)
–1.5
1.5
kV
Tstg
Storage temperature range
V(ESD)
Electrostatic
discharge
(1)
(2)
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500V HBM rating allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250V CDM rating allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
Copyright © 2009–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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8.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
VIN
Supply voltage at VIN
0.7
5.5
V
TJ
Operating virtual junction temperature
–40
125
°C
8.4 Thermal Information
TPS6122x
THERMAL METRIC (1)
DCK
UNIT
6 PINS
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
231.2
RθJCtop
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
61.8
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
78.8
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
2.2
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
78.0
RθJCbot
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
n/a
(1)
°C/W
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
8.5 Electrical Characteristics
over recommended free-air temperature range and over recommended input voltage range (typical at an ambient temperature
range of 25°C) (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX UNIT
DC/DC STAGE
VIN
Input voltage
VIN
Minimum input voltage at startup
RLoad ≥ 150 Ω
VOUT
TPS61220 output voltage
VIN < VOUT
1.8
VFB
TPS61220 feedback voltage
483
VOUT
TPS61221 output voltage (3.3 V)
VIN < VOUT
3.20
VOUT
TPS61222 output voltage (5 V)
VIN < VOUT
4.82
5.00
5.13
ILH
Inductor current ripple
ISW
switch current limit
RDSon_HSD
RDSon_LSD
0.7
Rectifying switch on resistance
Main switch on resistance
5.5
V
0.7
V
6.0
V
500
513
mV
3.30
3.41
V
mA
mA
VOUT = 3.3 V, VIN = 1.2 V, TA = 25°C
240
400
VOUT = 3.3 V
200
400
mA
VOUT = 3.3 V
1000
mΩ
VOUT = 5.0 V
700
mΩ
VOUT = 3.3 V
600
mΩ
VOUT = 5.0 V
550
mΩ
Line regulation
VIN < VOUT
0.5%
Load regulation
VIN < VOUT
0.5%
VIN
IQ
Quiescent current
IO = 0 mA, VEN = VIN = 1.2 V, VOUT = 3.3 V
ISD
Shutdown current VIN
VEN = 0 V, VIN = 1.2 V, VOUT ≥ VIN
ILKG_VOUT
Leakage current into VOUT
VEN = 0 V, VIN = 1.2 V, VOUT = 3.3 V
ILKG_L
Leakage current into L
VEN = 0 V, VIN = 1.2 V, VL = 1.2 V, VOUT ≥ VIN
IFB
TPS61220 Feedback input current
VFB = 0.5 V
IEN
EN input current
Clamped on GND or VIN (VIN < 1.5 V)
VOUT
V
200
0.5
0.9
μA
5
7.5
μA
0.2
0.5
μA
μA
1
0.01
0.005
0.2
μA
0.01
μA
0.1
μA
0.2 × VIN
V
CONTROL STAGE
VIL
EN input low voltage
VIN ≤ 1.5 V
VIH
EN input high voltage
VIN ≤ 1.5 V
VIL
EN input low voltage
5 V > VIN > 1.5 V
VIH
EN input high voltage
5 V > VIN > 1.5 V
4
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0.8 × VIN
V
0.4
1.2
V
V
Copyright © 2009–2014, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: TPS61220 TPS61221 TPS61222
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SLVS776B – JANUARY 2009 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2014
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
over recommended free-air temperature range and over recommended input voltage range (typical at an ambient temperature
range of 25°C) (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
VUVLO
TEST CONDITIONS
Undervoltage lockout threshold for
turn off
MIN
VIN decreasing
TYP
0.5
Overvoltage protection threshold
6.0
MAX UNIT
0.7
7.5
V
V
Overtemperature protection
140
°C
Overtemperature hysteresis
20
°C
8.6 Typical Characteristics
TABLE OF GRAPHS
Maximum Output Current
Efficiency
Input Current
Output Voltage
Waveforms
FIGURE
versus Input Voltage (TPS61220, TPS61221, TPS61222)
Figure 1
versus Output Current, VOUT = 1.8 V, VIN = [0.7 V; 1.2 V; 1.5 V] (TPS61220)
Figure 2
versus Output Current, VIN = [0.7 V; 1.2 V; 2.4 V; 3 V] (TPS61221)
Figure 3
versus Output Current, VIN = [0.7 V; 1.2 V; 2.4V; 3.6 V; 4.2 V] (TPS61222)
Figure 4
versus Input Voltage, VOUT = 1.8 V, IOUT = [100 µA; 1 mA; 10 mA; 50 mA]
(TPS61220)
Figure 5
versus Input Voltage, IOUT = [100 µA; 1 mA; 10 mA; 50 mA] (TPS61221)
Figure 6
versus Input Voltage, IOUT = [100 µA; 1 mA; 10 mA; 50 mA] (TPS61222)
Figure 7
at No Output Load, Device Enabled (TPS61220, TPS61221, TPS61222)
Figure 8
versus Output Current, VOUT = 1.8 V, VIN = [0.7 V; 1.2 V] (TPS61220 )
Figure 9
versus Output Current, VIN = [0.7 V; 1.2 V; 2.4 V] (TPS61221)
Figure 10
versus Output Current, VIN = [0.7 V; 1.2 V; 2.4 V; 3.6 V] (TPS61222)
Figure 11
versus Input Voltage, Device Disabled, RLOAD = [1 kΩ; 10 kΩ] (TPS6122x)
Figure 12
Output Voltage Ripple, VIN = 0.8 V, VOUT = 1.8 V, IOUT = 20 mA (TPS61220)
Figure 13
Output Voltage Ripple VIN = 1.8 V, IOUT = 50 mA (TPS61221)
Figure 14
Load Transient Response, VIN = 1.2 V, IOUT = 6 mA to 50 mA (TPS61221)
Figure 15
Load Transient Response, VIN = 2.4 V, IOUT = 14 mA to 126 mA (TPS61222)
Figure 16
Line Transient Response, VIN = 1.8 V to 2.4 V, RLOAD = 100 Ω (TPS61221)
Figure 17
Line Transient Response, VIN = 2.8 V to 3.6 V, RLOAD = 100 Ω (TPS61222)
Figure 18
Startup after Enable, VIN = 0.7 V, VOUT = 1.8 V, RLOAD = 150 Ω (TPS61220)
Figure 19
Startup after Enable, VIN = 0.7 V, RLOAD = 150 Ω, (TPS61222)
Figure 20
Continuous Current Operation, VIN = 1.2 V, VOUT = 1.8 V, IOUT = 50mA
(TPS61220 )
Figure 21
Discontinuous Current Operation, VIN = 1.2 V, VOUT = 1.8 V, IOUT = 10mA
(TPS61220)
Figure 22
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100
300
90
80
200
70
TPS61221 VO = 3.3 V
h - Efficiency - %
Maximum output Current - mA
250
150
TPS61222 VO = 5 V
100
60
VI = 1.2 V
VI = 1.5 V
VI = 0.7 V
50
40
30
20
50
TPS61220 VO = 1.8 V
10
0
0.7
1.2
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.2
0
0.01
4.7
0.1
VI - Input Voltage - V
1
IO - Output Current - mA
10
100
VO = 1.8 V
Figure 1. Maximum Output Current versus Input Voltage
(TPS61220, TPS61221, TPS61222)
Figure 2. Efficiency versus Output Current and Input
Voltage (TPS61220)
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
VI = 3 V
60
50
VI = 1.2 V
h - Efficiency - %
h - Efficiency - %
70
VI = 2.4 V
VI = 0.7 V
40
20
20
10
10
1
IO - Output Current - mA
10
VO = 3.3 V
1
IO - Output Current - mA
10
100
Figure 4. Efficiency versus Output Current and Input
Voltage (TPS61222)
100
100
90
90
IO = 10 mA
80
IO = 10 mA
80
IO = 100 mA
60
IO = 50 mA
50
40
60
30
20
10
10
1.5
1.7
0
0.7
1.2
1.7
2.2
VI - Input Voltage - V
2.7
3.2
VO = 3.3 V
VO = 1.8 V
Figure 5. Efficiency versus Input Voltage and Output
Current (TPS61220)
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IO = 50 mA
40
20
1.1
1.3
VI - Input Voltage - V
IO = 1 mA
50
30
0.9
IO = 100 mA
70
IO = 1 mA
h - Efficiency - %
70
h - Efficiency - %
0.1
VO = 5 V
Figure 3. Efficiency versus Output Current and Input
Voltage (TPS61221)
0
0.7
VI = 4.2 V
VI = 0.7 V
0
0.01
100
VI = 3.6 V
VI = 1.2 V
40
30
0.1
VI = 2.4 V
50
30
0
0.01
6
60
Figure 6. Efficiency versus Input Voltage and Output
Current (TPS61221)
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80
100
70
80
60
II - Input Current - mA
h - Efficiency - %
IO = 10 mA
IO = 50 mA
IO = 1 mA
60
IO = 100 mA
40
TPS61222, VO = 5 V
50
TPS61221, VO = 3.3 V
40
30
TPS61220, VO = 1.8 V
20
20
10
0
0.7
1.7
2.7
VI - Input Voltage - V
0
0.7
4.7
3.7
VO = 5 V
4.7
Figure 8. No Load Input Current versus Input Voltage,
Device Enabled (TPS61220, TPS61221, TPS61222)
3.5
1.9
3.4
VO - Output Voltage - V
1.85
VO - Output Voltage - V
2.7
3.7
VI - Input Voltage - V
Device enabled
Figure 7. Efficiency versus Input Voltage and Output
Current (TPS61222)
VI = 1.2 V
1.8
VI = 0.7 V
VI = 2.4 V
3.3
VI = 0.7 V
0.1
1
IO - Output Current - mA
10
3.1
0.01
100
VO = 1.8 V
VI = 1.2 V
3.2
1.75
1.7
0.01
1.7
0.1
1
IO - Output Current - mA
10
100
VO = 3.3 V
Figure 9. Output Voltage versus Output Current and Input
Voltage (TPS61220)
Figure 10. Output Voltage versus Output Current and Input
Voltage (TPS61221)
4.5
5.2
VO - Output Voltage - V
4
VO - Output Voltage - V
5.1
VI = 3.6 V
5
VI = 2.4 V
VI = 1.2 V
4.9
VI = 0.7 V
3.5
3
2.5
RLOAD = 10 kW
2
1.5
RLOAD = 1 kW
1
0.5
4.8
0.01
0.1
1
IO - Output Current - mA
10
100
VO = 5 V
0
0.7
1.2
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.7
VI - Input Voltage - V
4.2
4.7
5.2
VEN = 0 V
Figure 11. Output Voltage versus Output Current and Input
Voltage (TPS61222)
Figure 12. Output Voltage versus Input Voltage, Device
Disabled (TPS61220)
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Icoil
Icoil
50 mA/div
50 mA/div
Offset: 0 V
Offset: 0 A
VO
VO
10 mV/div
10 mA/div
Offset: 3.31 V
Offset: 1.8 V
1 ms/div
1 ms/div
VI = 0.8 V
VO = 1.8 V
IO = 20 mA
VI = 1.8 V
Figure 13. Output Voltage Ripple (TPS61220)
VO = 3.3 V
IO = 50 mA
Figure 14. Output Voltage Ripple (TPS61221)
Offset: 0 A
IL
Offset: 0 A
200 mA/div
IL
200 mA/div
IO
Offset: 0 A
50 mA/div
IO
Offset: 0 A
20 mA/div
VO
Offset: 3.31 V
50 mV/div
VO
Offset: 5 V
50 mV/div
200 ms/div
200 ms/div
VI = 1.2 V
IO = 6 mA to 50 mA
Figure 15. Load Transient Response (TPS61221)
VI = 2.4 V
IO = 14 mA to 126 mA
Figure 16. Load Transient Response (TPS61222)
VI
VI
200 mV/div
200 mV/div
Offset: 2.8 V
Offset: 1.8 V
VO
VO
20 mV/div
Offset: 3.3 V
20 mV/div
Offset: 5 V
VI 1.8 to 2.4 V, RLOAD = 100 W, trise = tfall = 20 ms
200 ms/div
200 ms/div
VI = 2.4 V to 2.4 V
RLOAD = 100 Ω
trise = tfall = 20 ms
Figure 17. Line Transient Response (TPS61221)
8
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VI = 2.8 V to 3.6 V
RLOAD = 100 Ω
trise = tfall = 20 ms
Figure 18. Line Transient Response (TPS61222)
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Offset: 0 V
VEN
500 mV/div
Offset: 0 V
VEN
500 mV/div
Offset: 0 A
Icoil
Offset: 0 A
Icoil
100 mA/div
100 mA/div
Offset: 0 V
VL
1 V/div
VL
2 V/div
Offset: 0 V
VO
2 V/div
Offset: 0 V
Offset: 0 V
VO
1 V/div
500 ms/div
500 ms/div
VI = 0.7 V
VO = 1.8 V
RLOAD = 150 Ω
VI = 0.7 V
VO = 3.3 V
RLOAD = 50 Ω
Figure 20. Startup After Enable (TPS61221)
Figure 19. Startup After Enable (TPS61120)
Icoil
Icoil
100 mA/div
100 mA/div
Offset: 0 A
Offset: 0 A
VL
2 V/div
VL
2 V/div
Offset: 0 V
Offset: 0 V
VO
10 mV/div
VO
10 mV/div
Offset: 1.8 V
Offset: 1.8 V
1 ms/div
1 ms/div
VI = 1.2 V
VO = 1.8 V
IO = 50 mA
Figure 21. Continuous Current Operation (TPS61220)
VI = 1.2 V
VO = 1.8 V
IO = 10 mA
Figure 22. Discontinuous Current Operation (TPS61220)
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9 Parameter Measurement Information
L1
L
VOUT
VOUT
R1
VIN
VIN
C1
C2
FB
EN
R2
GND
TPS6122x
Table 1. List Of Components:
COMPONENT
REFERENCE
PART NUMBER
MANUFACTURER
VALUE
C1
GRM188R60J106ME84D
Murata
10 μF, 6.3V. X5R Ceramic
C2
GRM188R60J106ME84D
Murata
10 μF, 6.3V. X5R Ceramic
L1
EPL3015-472MLB
Coilcraft
4.7 μH
adjustable version: Values depending on the
programmed output voltage
R1, R2
fixed version: R1= 0 Ω, R2 not used
10
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10 Detailed Description
10.1 Overview
The TPS6122x is a high performance, high efficient family of switching boost converters. To achieve high
efficiency, the power stage is realized as a synchronous-boost topology. For the power switching, two activelycontrolled low-RDSon power MOSFETs are implemented.
10.2 Functional Block Diagrams
L
VOUT
VOUT
VIN
L
Gate
Driver
Gate
Driver
VIN
Start Up
EN
Device
Control
VOUT
VOUT
VIN
Current
Sensor
FB
GND
VREF
Figure 23. Functional Block Diagram (Adjustable
Version)
VIN
Start Up
EN
Device
Control
Current
Sensor
FB
GND
VREF
Figure 24. Functional Block Diagram (Fixed Output
Voltage Version)
10.3 Feature Description
10.3.1
Controller Circuit
The device is controlled by a hysteretic current mode controller. This controller regulates the output voltage by
keeping the inductor ripple current constant in the range of 200 mA and adjusting the offset of this inductor
current depending on the output load. If the required average input current is lower than the average inductor
current defined by this constant ripple current, the inductor current becomes discontinuous to keep the efficiency
high under low-load conditions.
IL
Continuous Current Operation
Discontinuous Current Operation
200 mA
(typ.)
200 mA
(typ.)
t
Figure 25. Hysteretic Current Operation
The output voltage VOUT is monitored via the feedback network which is connected to the voltage error amplifier.
To regulate the output voltage, the voltage error amplifier compares this feedback voltage to the internal voltage
reference and adjusts the required offset of the inductor current accordingly. In fixed output voltage devices, an
internal feedback network is used to program the output voltage. In adjustable versions an external resistor
divider is required.
The self-oscillating hysteretic current mode architecture is inherently stable and allows fast response to load
variations. This architecture also allows using a wide range of inductor and capacitor values.
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Feature Description (continued)
10.3.2 Device Enable And Shutdown Mode
The device is enabled when EN is driven high, and shut down when EN is low. During shutdown, the converter
stops switching and all internal control circuitry is turned off. During shutdown, the input voltage is connected to
the output through the back-gate diode of the rectifying MOSFET. This means that voltage is always present at
the output, which can be as high as the input voltage or lower depending on the load.
10.3.3 Startup
After the EN pin is tied high, the device begins to operate. If the input voltage is not high enough to supply the
control circuit properly, a startup oscillator operates the switches. During this phase, the switching frequency is
controlled by the oscillator, and the maximum switch current is limited. When the device has built up the output
voltage to approximately 1.8V, high enough to supply the control circuit, the device switches to its normal
hysteretic current mode operation. The startup time depends on input voltage and load current.
10.3.4 Operation At Output Overload
If, in normal boost operation, the inductor current reaches the internal switch current limit threshold, the main
switch is turned off to stop further increase of the input current. In this case the output voltage will decrease
because the device cannot provide sufficient power to maintain the set output voltage.
If the output voltage drops below the input voltage, the backgate diode of the rectifying switch becomes forward
biased, and current starts to flow through it. This diode cannot be turned off, so the current finally is only limited
by the remaining DC resistances. As soon as the overload condition is removed, the converter resumes providing
the set output voltage.
10.3.5 Undervoltage Lockout
An undervoltage lockout function stops the operation of the converter if the input voltage drops below the typical
undervoltage lockout threshold. This function is implemented in order to prevent converter malfunction.
10.3.6 Overvoltage Protection
If, for any reason, the output voltage is not fed back properly to the input of the voltage amplifier, control of the
output voltage is lost. Therefore an overvoltage protection is implemented to avoid the output voltage exceeding
critical values for the device and possibly for the system it is supplying. For this protection, the TPS6122x output
voltage is also monitored internally. If it reaches the internally programmed threshold of 6.5 V, typically the
voltage amplifier regulates (limits) the output voltage to this value.
If the TPS6122x is used to drive LEDs, this feature protects the circuit if the LED fails.
10.3.7 Overtemperature Protection
The device has a built-in temperature sensor which monitors the internal IC junction temperature. If the
temperature exceeds the programmed threshold (see electrical characteristics table), the device stops operating.
As soon as the IC temperature has decreased below the programmed threshold, it starts operating again. To
prevent unstable operation close to the region of overtemperature threshold, a built-in hysteresis is implemented.
10.4 Device Functional Modes
•
•
•
12
Enabled or disabled
Continuous or discontinuous current operation
Protective mechanisms
– Output Overload
– Undervoltage
– Overvoltage
– Overtemperature
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11 Applications and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
11.1 Application Information
The TPS6122x family devices provide a power-supply solution for products powered by either a single-cell, twocell, or three-cell alkaline, NiCd or NiMH, or one-cell Li-Ion or Li-polymer battery. Use the following design
procedure to select component values for the TPS61220 device and the TPS61222 device. Alternatively, use the
SwitcherPro™ tool. This section presents a simplified discussion of the design process.
11.2 Typical Applications
11.2.1 Specific Application, Fixed Output Voltage Supply
L1
L
VIN
VIN
VOUT
VOUT
FB
C2
EN
C1
GND
TPS6122x
fixed output voltage
Figure 26. Typical Application Circuit For Fixed Output Voltage Option
11.2.1.1 Design Requirements
• Single 5 V output at up to 60 mA
• Power source, two AA alkaline cells
• Greater than 90% conversion efficiency
11.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
11.2.1.2.1 Device Choice
The TPS61222 DC/DC converter is intended for systems powered by anything from a single cell through up to
three Alkaline, NiCd or NiMH cells with a total typical pin voltage between 0.7 V and 5.5 V. They can also be
used in systems powered by one-cell Li-Ion or Li-Polymer batteries with a typical voltage between 2.5 V and 4.2
V. Additionally, any other voltage source with a typical output voltage between 0.7 V and 5.5 V can be used with
the TPS61222.
11.2.1.2.2 Programming The Output Voltage
In the fixed-voltage version used for this example, the output voltage is set by an internal resistor divider. The FB
pin is used to sense the output voltage. To configure the device properly, connect the FB pin directly to VOUT as
shown in Figure 26.
11.2.1.2.3 Inductor Selection
To make sure that the device can operate, a suitable inductor must be connected between pin VIN and pin L.
Inductor values of 4.7 μH show good performance over the whole input and output voltage range.
Choosing other inductance values affects the switching frequency f proportional to 1/L as shown in Equation 1.
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Typical Applications (continued)
L=
V ´ (VOUT - VIN )
1
´ IN
f ´ 200 mA
VOUT
(1)
Choosing inductor values higher than 4.7 μH can improve efficiency due to reduced switching frequency and
therefore with reduced switching losses. Using inductor values below 2.2 μH is not recommended.
Having selected an inductance value, the peak current for the inductor in steady-state operation can be
calculated. Equation 2 gives the peak-current estimate.
ì VOUT ´ IOUT
+ 100 mA; continous current operation
ï
IL,MAX = í 0.8 ´ VIN
ï200 mA;
discontinuous current operation
î
(2)
Equation 2 provides a suitable inductor current rating. However, remember that load transients and error
conditions may cause higher inductor currents.
Equation 3 provides an easy way to estimate whether the device will work in continuous or discontinuous
operation depending on the operating points. As long as the Equation 3 is true, continuous operation is typically
established. If Equation 3 becomes false, discontinous operation is typically established.
VOUT ´ IOUT
> 0.8 ´ 100 mA
VIN
(3)
The following inductor series from different suppliers have been used with TPS6122x converters:
Table 2. List Of Inductors
VENDOR
Coilcraft
INDUCTOR SERIES
EPL3015
EPL2010
Murata
LQH3NP
Tajo Yuden
NR3015
Wurth Elektronik
WE-TPC Typ S
11.2.1.2.4 Capacitor Selection
11.2.1.2.4.1
Input Capacitor
An input capacitor value of at least 10 μF is recommended to improve transient behavior of the regulator and
EMI behavior of the total power supply circuit. A ceramic capacitor placed as close as possible to the VIN and
GND pins of the IC is recommended.
11.2.1.2.4.2
Output Capacitor
For the output capacitor C2, small ceramic capacitors are recommended, placed as close as possible to the
VOUT and GND pins of the IC. If, for any reason, the application requires the use of large capacitors which
cannot be placed close to the IC, the use of a small ceramic capacitor with a capacitance value of around 2.2μF
in parallel to the large one is recommended. This small capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the
VOUT and GND pins of the IC.
A minimum capacitance value of 4.7 μF should be used, 10 μF is recommended. If the inductor value exceeds
4.7 μH, the value of the output capacitance value needs to be half the inductance value or higher for stability
reasons, see Equation 4.
C2 ³
14
L
´
2
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The TPS6122x is not sensitive to the ESR in terms of stability. However, low ESR capacitors, such as ceramic
capacitors, are recommended anyway to minimize output voltage ripple. If heavy load changes are expected,
increase the output capacitor value to avoid output voltage drops during fast load transients.
11.2.1.3 Application Curves
Figure 27 shows the excellent efficiency of the converter, which remains above 80% even with heavily
discharged cells.
100
80
h - Efficiency - %
IO = 10 mA
IO = 50 mA
IO = 1 mA
60
IO = 100 mA
40
20
0
0.7
1.7
2.7
VI - Input Voltage - V
4.7
3.7
Figure 27. TPS61222 Performance
11.2.2 Specific Application, Variable Output Voltage Supply
L1
L
VOUT
VOUT
R1
VIN
VIN
EN
C1
C2
FB
R2
GND
TPS6122x
Figure 28. Application Circuit For Adjustable Output Voltage Option
11.2.2.1 Design Requirements
• Single 4.2 V output at up to 50 mA
• Power source, two AA alkaline cells
• Greater than 80% conversion efficiency
11.2.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The design procedure for this application is identical to that for the fixed-output supply except for programming
the output voltage.
11.2.2.2.1 Device Selection
This application example uses the TPS61220 so that the output voltage can be set at 4.2 V.
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11.2.2.2.2 Programming The Output Voltage
In the adjustable output versions, an external resistor divider is used to adjust the output voltage. The resistor
divider must be connected between VOUT, FB and GND as shown in Figure 28. When the output voltage is
regulated properly, the typical voltage value at the FB pin is 500 mV for the adjustable devices. The maximum
recommended value for the output voltage is 6.0 V. The current through the resistor divider should be about 100
times greater than the current into the FB pin. The typical current into the FB pin is 0.01 μA, and the voltage
across the resistor between FB and GND, R2, is typically 500 mV. Based on those two values, the recommended
value for R2 should be lower than 500 kΩ, in order to set the divider current to 1 μA or higher. The value of the
resistor connected between VOUT and FB, R1, depending on the needed output voltage (VOUT), can be
calculated using Equation 5:
æV
ö
R1 = R 2 x ç OUT - 1÷
è VFB
ø
(5)
For this example, if an output voltage of 4.2 V is needed, a 1.2-MΩ resistor is calculated for R1 when 160 kΩ is
selected for R2. This would yield an output voltage of 4.25 V, neglecting resistor tolerances.
11.2.2.2.3 Inductor Selection
See Inductor Selection for a discussion on inductor choice.
11.2.2.2.4 Capacitor Selection
The procedure for selecting capacitors is the same as for the fixed output voltage circuit. See Capacitor
Selection.
11.2.2.3 Application Curves
Figure 29 shows the excellent efficiency of the converter, which remains above 80% with heavily discharged
cells.
100
80
h - Efficiency - %
IO = 10 mA
IO = 50 mA
IO = 1 mA
60
IO = 100 mA
40
20
0
0.7
1.7
2.7
VI - Input Voltage - V
4.7
3.7
Figure 29. TPS61220 Performance
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12 Power Supply Recommendations
12.1 Typical Power Sources
The high conversion efficiency of this device encourages the use of a wide range of battery types. Photovoltaic
cells and large capacitors ('supercapacitors') may also serve as power sources within the limits specified in
Recommended Operating Conditions.
12.2 Input Voltage Effects On Output Current and Efficiency
The TPS6122x devices have a wide input-voltage range, and deliver enough current to be applicable to many
portable applications. However, at lower extremes of input voltage, less output current is available, and efficiency
is somewhat less. Figure 1 - Figure 11 show the tradeoffs between input voltage, output current capacity and
conversion efficiency, and allow the designer to plan how far to discharge a battery array before system
shutdown occurs.
12.3 Behavior While Disabled
When the device is disabled, the output voltage follows the power-source voltage as shown in Figure 12.
12.4 Startup
See the description of the Startup sequence for more information.
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13 Layout
13.1 Layout Guidelines
As for all switching power supplies, the layout is an important step in the design, especially at high peak currents
and high switching frequencies. If the layout is not carefully done, the regulator could show stability problems as
well as EMI problems. Therefore, use wide and short traces for the main current path and for the power ground
paths. The input and output capacitor, as well as the inductor should be placed as close as possible to the IC.
The feedback divider in an application using the TPS61220 should be placed as close as possible to the control
ground pin of the IC. To route the ground path from the resistor divider, use short traces as well, separated from
the power ground traces. This avoids ground shift problems, which can occur due to superimposition of power
ground current and control ground current. Assure that the ground traces are connected close to the device GND
pin.
13.2 Layout Example
L1
VOUT
Enable
VIN
C2
C1
VOUT
VIN
GND
GND
R2
R1
Figure 30. PCB Layout Suggestion For Adjustable Output Voltage Options
13.3 Thermal Considerations
Implementation of integrated circuits in low-profile and fine-pitch surface-mount packages typically requires
special attention to power dissipation. Many system-dependent issues such as thermal coupling, airflow, added
heat sinks and convection surfaces, and the presence of other heat-generating components affect the powerdissipation limits of a given component.
Three basic approaches for enhancing thermal performance are listed below.
• Improving the power-dissipation capability of the PCB design
• Improving the thermal coupling of the component to the PCB
• Introducing airflow in the system
For more details on how to use the thermal parameters in the dissipation ratings table please check the Thermal
Characteristics Application Note (SZZA017) and the IC Package Thermal Metrics Application Note (SPRA953).
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14 Device and Documentation Support
14.1 Device Support
14.1.1 Third-Party Products Disclaimer
TI'S PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING THIRD-PARTY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN ENDORSEMENT REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
OR A WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR ENDORSEMENT OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, EITHER
ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY TI PRODUCT OR SERVICE.
14.1.2 Development Support
TPS61220EVM-319 Evaluation Module
SwitcherPro Switching Power Supply Design Tool (Circuit Design & Simulation)
14.2 Documentation Support
14.2.1 Related Documentation
Gas Sensor Platform Reference Design
Wireless Heart Monitor with Bluetooth Low Energy
14.3 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 3. Related Links
PARTS
PRODUCT FOLDER
SAMPLE & BUY
TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS
TOOLS &
SOFTWARE
SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
TPS61220
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS61221
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS61222
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
14.4 Trademarks
SwitcherPro is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
14.5 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
14.6 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
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15 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical packaging and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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10-Dec-2020
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
TPS61220DCKR
ACTIVE
SC70
DCK
6
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
CKR
TPS61220DCKT
ACTIVE
SC70
DCK
6
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
CKR
TPS61221DCKR
ACTIVE
SC70
DCK
6
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
CKS
TPS61221DCKT
ACTIVE
SC70
DCK
6
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
CKS
TPS61222DCKR
ACTIVE
SC70
DCK
6
3000
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
CKT
TPS61222DCKT
ACTIVE
SC70
DCK
6
250
RoHS & Green
NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
CKT
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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