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TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
TPS6214x 3-V to 17-V 2-A Step-Down Converter in 3 × 3 QFN Package
1 Features
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•
•
•
•
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•
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1
•
3 Description
TM
DCS-Control Topology
Input Voltage Range: 3 V to 17 V
Up to 2-A Output Current
Adjustable Output Voltage from 0.9 V to 6 V
Pin-Selectable Output Voltage (Nominal, +5%)
Programmable Soft Start and Tracking
Seamless Power-Save Mode Transition
Quiescent Current of 17 µA (Typical)
Selectable Operating Frequency
Power-Good Output
100% Duty-Cycle Mode
Short-Circuit Protection
Over Temperature Protection
Pin to Pin Compatible with TPS62130 and
TPS62150
Available in a 3-mm × 3-mm, VQFN-16 Package
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Standard 12-V Rail Supplies
POL Supply From Single or Multiple Li-Ion Battery
Solid-State Disk Drives
Embedded Systems
LDO Replacement
Mobile PCs, Tablet, Modems, Cameras
Server, Microserver
Data Terminal, Point of Sales (ePOS)
The TPS6214x family is an easy-to-use synchronous
step-down
DC-DC
converter
optimized
for
applications with high power density. A high switching
frequency of typically 2.5 MHz allows the use of small
inductors and provides fast transient response by use
of the DCS-Control™ topology.
With their wide operating input voltage range of 3 V
to 17 V, the devices are ideally suited for systems
powered from either a Li-Ion or other batteries, as
well as from 12-V intermediate power rails. It
supports up to 2 A of continuous output current at
output voltages between 0.9 V and 6 V (with 100%
duty-cycle mode). The output voltage start-up ramp is
controlled by the soft-start pin, which allows operation
as either a standalone power supply or in tracking
configurations. Power sequencing is also possible by
configuring the Enable (EN) and open-drain Power
Good (PG) pins.
In Power Save Mode, the devices draw quiescent
current of about 17 μA from VIN. Power Save Mode,
entered automatically and seamlessly if the load is
small, maintains high efficiency over the entire load
range. In Shutdown Mode, the device is turned off
and current consumption is less than 2 μA.
The device, available in adjustable and fixed output
voltage versions, is packaged in a 16-pin VQFN
package measuring 3 mm × 3 mm (RGT).
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
TPS6214x
PACKAGE
VQFN (16)
BODY SIZE (NOM)
3.00 mm x 3.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the datasheet.
Typical Application Schematic
(3 .. 17)V
Efficiency vs Output Current
10uF
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
PG
EN
100
1.8V / 2A
2.2 µH
90
100k
22uF
SS/TR
3.3nF
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
Efficiency (%)
TPS62141
VIN=5V
80
VIN=12V
VIN=17V
70
60
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
50
40
0.0
VOUT=3.3V
fsw=1.25MHz
0.4
0.8
1.2
Output Current (A)
1.6
2.0
G001
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Device Comparison Table.....................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
2
4
4
5
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
5
5
5
5
6
7
Detailed Description .............................................. 8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
9
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
ESD Ratings..............................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Overview ................................................................... 8
Functional Block Diagrams ....................................... 8
Feature Description................................................... 9
Device Functional Modes........................................ 11
Application and Implementation ........................ 13
9.1 Application Information............................................ 13
9.2 Typical Application .................................................. 13
9.3 System Examples ................................................... 25
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 28
11 Layout................................................................... 29
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 29
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 29
11.3 Thermal Considerations ........................................ 30
12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 31
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
Device Support......................................................
Documentation Support ........................................
Related Links ........................................................
Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
Community Resources..........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 32
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision D (October 2015) to Revision E
Page
•
Added "Pin to Pin Compatible with TPS62130 and TPS62150" to Features list .................................................................. 1
•
Changed the TJ MAX value From: 125°C To: 150°C in the Absolute Maximum Rating ....................................................... 5
•
Changed the Thermal Information values ............................................................................................................................. 5
•
Changed (TJ = –40°C to 85°C) To: (TJ = –40°C to 125°C) in the Electrical Characteristics conditions ............................... 6
•
Added a test condition for IQ at TA = -40°C to +85°C in the Electrical Characteristics ........................................................ 6
•
Added Table 1 and Table 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 10
•
Added indicators (C1, C3, and C5) for capacitances to Figure 7......................................................................................... 13
•
Added Switching Frequency graphs for 1.0-V, 1.8-V, and 5.0-V applications ( Figure 24 through Figure 31) .................... 20
•
Changed Layout Example .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Changes from Revision C (August 2015) to Revision D
•
Page
Changed VTH_PG Falling (%VOUT) specification MAX value from "93%" to "94%" in the Electrical Characteristics ................ 6
Changes from Revision B (June 2013) to Revision C
•
2
Page
Added ESD Rating table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation
section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and
Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section .................................................................................................. 1
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Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: TPS62140 TPS62140A TPS62141 TPS62142 TPS62143
TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
www.ti.com
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
Changes from Revision A (October 2012) to Revision B
Page
•
Added new device version TPS62140A to the data sheet ..................................................................................................... 1
•
Added text to Power Good section regarding the TPS62140A function .............................................................................. 10
•
Added pin option to the footnote for Pin-Selectable Output (DEF) section. ......................................................................... 10
•
Added text to Frequency Selection (FSW) section regarding pin control............................................................................. 11
•
Added text to Tracking Function section for clarification. ..................................................................................................... 17
•
Added application example with regard to new version TPS62140A................................................................................... 25
Changes from Original (November 2011) to Revision A
Page
•
Changed the description of the AGND pin, and added Note 3. ............................................................................................. 4
•
Added values to the Initial output voltage accuracy for TA = –10°C to 85°C ......................................................................... 6
•
Added text to the Power-Save Mode Operation section following Equation 1 ..................................................................... 11
•
Changed the Layout Considerations section........................................................................................................................ 29
•
Changed Layout Example .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
www.ti.com
5 Device Comparison Table
PART NUMBER
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Power Good Logic Level (EN=Low)
TPS62140
adjustable
High Impedance
TPS62140A
adjustable
Low
TPS62141
1.8 V
High Impedance
TPS62142
3.3 V
High Impedance
TPS62143
5.0 V
High Impedance
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
SW
3
PG
4
PGND
VOS
EN
13
Exposed
Thermal Pad
5
6
7
8
DEF
2
14
FSW
SW
15
AGND
1
16
FB
SW
PGND
RGT Package
16-Pin VQFN
Top View
12
PVIN
11
PVIN
10
AVIN
9
SS/TR
Pin Functions
PIN (1)
NO.
NAME
4
DESCRIPTION
1,2,3
SW
O
Switch node, which is connected to the internal MOSFET switches. Connect inductor between SW and
output capacitor.
4
PG
O
Output power good (High = VOUT ready, Low = VOUT below nominal regulation) ; open drain (requires
pull-up resistor)
5
FB
I
Voltage feedback of adjustable version. Connect resistive voltage divider to this pin. It is recommended
to connect FB to AGND on fixed output voltage versions for improved thermal performance.
6
AGND
7
FSW
I
Switching Frequency Select (Low ≈ 2.5MHz, High ≈ 1.25MHz (2) for typical operation) (3)
8
DEF
I
Output Voltage Scaling (Low = nominal, High = nominal + 5%) (3)
9
SS/TR
I
Soft-Start / Tracking Pin. An external capacitor connected to this pin sets the internal voltage reference
rise time. It can be used for tracking and sequencing.
10
AVIN
I
Supply voltage for control circuitry. Connect to same source as PVIN.
11,12
PVIN
I
Supply voltage for power stage. Connect to same source as AVIN.
13
EN
I
Enable input (High = enabled, Low = disabled) (3)
14
VOS
I
Output voltage sense pin and connection for the control loop circuitry.
15,16
(1)
(2)
(3)
I/O
Analog Ground. Must be connected directly to the Exposed Thermal Pad and common ground plane.
PGND
Power Ground. Must be connected directly to the Exposed Thermal Pad and common ground plane.
Exposed
Thermal Pad
Must be connected to AGND (pin 6), PGND (pin 15,16) and common ground plane. See the Layout
Example. Must be soldered to achieve appropriate power dissipation and mechanical reliability.
For more information about connecting pins, see the Detailed Description and Application and Implementation sections.
Connect FSW to VOUT or PG in this case.
An internal pull-down resistor keeps the logic level low, if pin is floating.
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1)
over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Pin voltage
(2)
Power-good sink current
Temperature
(1)
(2)
MIN
MAX
AVIN, PVIN
–0.3
20
EN, SS/TR
–0.3
VIN+0.3
SW
–0.3
VIN+0.3
V
DEF, FSW, FB, PG, VOS
–0.3
7
V
10
mA
Operating junction temperature, TJ
–40
150
Storage temperature, Tstg
–65
150
PG
UNIT
V
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating
Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltages are with respect to network ground terminal.
7.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
(3)
Electrostatic discharge (1)
Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all
pins (2)
±2000
Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification
JESD22-C101, all pins (3)
±500
UNIT
V
ESD testing is performed according to the respective JESD22 JEDEC standard.
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN NOM
Supply voltage, VIN (at AVIN and PVIN)
Operating junction temperature, TJ
MAX
UNIT
3
17
V
–40
125
°C
7.4 Thermal Information
THERMAL METRIC (1)
TPS6214x
RGT 16 PINS
UNIT
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
45
°C/W
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case(top) thermal resistance
53.6
°C/W
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
17.4
°C/W
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
1.1
°C/W
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
17.4
°C/W
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case(bottom) thermal resistance
4.5
°C/W
(1)
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report.
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
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7.5 Electrical Characteristics
over operating junction temperature (TJ= –40°C to 125°C), typical values at VIN=12V and TA=25°C (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP MAX
UNIT
SUPPLY
Input voltage range (1)
VIN
IQ
ISD
VUVLO
Operating quiescent current
EN = High, IOUT = 0 mA,
device not switching
Shutdown current (2)
EN = Low
Undervoltage lockout threshold
TSD
3
TA = -40°C to +85°C
TA = -40°C to +85°C
Falling input voltage (PWM mode operation)
2.6
Hysteresis
17
17
30
17
25
1.5
25
1.5
4
2.7
2.8
200
Thermal shutdown temperature
µA
µA
V
mV
160
Thermal shutdown hysteresis
V
°C
20
CONTROL (EN, DEF, FSW, SS/TR, PG)
VH
High level input threshold voltage (EN, DEF,
FSW)
VL
Low level input threshold voltage (EN, DEF,
FSW)
ILKG
Input leakage current (EN, DEF, FSW)
0.9
0.65
0.45
EN = VIN or GND; DEF, FSW = VOUT or GND
V
0.3
V
µA
0.01
1
Rising (%VOUT)
92%
95%
98%
Falling (%VOUT)
87%
90%
94%
VTH_PG
Power-good threshold voltage
VOL_PG
Power-good output low voltage
IPG= –2 mA
0.07
0.3
V
ILKG_PG
Input leakage current (PG)
VPG = 1.8 V
1
400
nA
ISS/TR
SS/TR pin source current
2.5
2.7
µA
VIN ≥ 6 V
90
170
VIN = 3 V
120
VIN ≥ 6 V
40
VIN = 3 V
50
2.3
POWER SWITCH
High-side MOSFET ON-resistance
rDS(on)
Low-side MOSFET ON-resistance
ILIMF
High-side MOSFET forward current limit (3)
VIN = 12 V, TA = 25°C
Input leakage current (FB)
TPS62140, VFB = 0.8 V
Output voltage range (TPS62140)
VIN ≥ VOUT
DEF (output voltage programming)
DEF = 0 (GND)
VOUT
DEF = 1 (VOUT)
VOUT + 5%
2.45
70
mΩ
mΩ
3
3.5
A
1
100
nA
6.0
V
OUTPUT
ILKG_FB
VOUT
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
6
Initial output voltage accuracy (4)
0.9
PWM mode operation, VIN ≥ VOUT + 1 V
785.6
800
814.
4
PWM mode operation, VIN ≥ VOUT +1 V,
TA = –10°C to 85°C
788.0
800
812.
8
Power-save mode operation, COUT=22µF
781.6
800
822.
4
mV
Load regulation (5)
VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, PWM mode operation
0.05
%/A
Line regulation (5)
3 V ≤ VIN ≤ 17 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 1 A, PWM
mode operation
0.02
%/V
The device is still functional down to undervoltage lockout (see parameter VUVLO).
Current into AVIN + PVIN pins
This is the static current limit. It can be temporarily higher in applications due to internal propagation delay (see Current Limit and Short
Circuit Protection section).
This is the accuracy provided at the FB pin for the adjustable VOUT version (line and load regulation effects are not included). For the
fixed-voltage versions the (internal) resistive divider is included.
Line and load regulation depend on external component selection and layout (see Figure 22 and Figure 23).
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
7.6 Typical Characteristics
Figure 1. Quiescent Current
Figure 2. Shutdown Current
100.0
200.0
160.0
125°C
RDSon Low−Side (mΩ)
RDSon High−Side (mΩ)
180.0
140.0
120.0
85°C
100.0
25°C
80.0
60.0
−10°C
−40°C
40.0
80.0
125°C
60.0
40.0
85°C
25°C
−10°C
20.0
−40°C
20.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
12.0
Input Voltage (V)
15.0
18.0 20.0
Figure 3. High-Side Switch Resistance
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
G001
0.0
0.0
3.0
6.0
9.0
12.0
Input Voltage (V)
15.0
18.0 20.0
G001
Figure 4. Low-Side Switch Resistance
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The TPS6214x synchronous switched-mode power converters are based on DCS-Control™ (Direct Control with
Seamless Transition into Power-Save Mode), an advanced regulation topology, that combines the advantages of
hysteretic, voltage mode and current mode control including an ac loop directly associated with the output
voltage. This control loop takes information about output voltage changes and feeds it directly to a fast
comparator stage. It sets the switching frequency, which is constant for steady-state operating conditions, and
provides immediate response to dynamic load changes. To get accurate DC load regulation, a voltage feedback
loop is used. The internally compensated regulation network achieves fast and stable operation with small
external components and low-ESR capacitors.
The DCS-Control™ topology supports Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mode for medium and heavy load
conditions and a Power Save Mode at light loads. During PWM, it operates at its nominal switching frequency in
continuous conduction mode. This frequency is typically about 2.5 MHz or 1.25MHz with a controlled frequency
variation depending on the input voltage. If the load current decreases, the converter enters Power Save Mode to
sustain high efficiency down to very light loads. In Power Save Mode, the switching frequency decreases linearly
with the load current. Because DCS-Control™ supports both operation modes within one single building block,
the transition from PWM to Power Save Mode is seamless without effects on the output voltage.
Fixed output-voltage versions provide the smallest solution size and lowest current consumption, requiring only 3
external components. An internal current limit supports nominal output currents of up to 2 A.
The TPS6214x family offers both excellent DC voltage and superior load transient regulation, combined with very
low output voltage ripple, minimizing interference with RF circuits.
8.2 Functional Block Diagrams
PG
Soft
start
Thermal
Shtdwn
UVLO
AVIN
PVIN PVIN
PG control
HS lim
comp
EN*
SW
SS/TR
power
control
control logic
gate
drive
SW
*
DEF
SW
FSW*
comp
LS lim
VOS
direct control
&
compensation
ramp
_
FB
comparator
+
timer tON
error
amplifier
DCS - ControlTM
AGND
PGND PGND
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
* This pin is connected to a pull down resistor internally (see Feature Description section)
Figure 5. TPS62140 and TPS62140A (Adjustable Output Voltage)
8
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
Functional Block Diagrams (continued)
PG
Soft
start
Thermal
Shtdwn
UVLO
AVIN
PVIN PVIN
PG control
HS lim
comp
EN*
SW
SS/TR
power
control
control logic
gate
drive
SW
*
DEF
SW
FSW*
comp
LS lim
VOS
direct control
&
compensation
ramp
_
FB*
comparator
+
timer tON
error
amplifier
DCS - ControlTM
AGND
PGND PGND
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
* This pin is connected to a pull down resistor internally (see Feature Description section)
Figure 6. TPS62141/2/3 (Fixed Output Voltage)
space
8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 Enable / Shutdown (EN)
When Enable (EN) is set High, the device starts operation. Shutdown is forced if EN is pulled Low with a
shutdown current of typically 1.5µA. During shutdown, the internal power MOSFETs as well as the entire control
circuitry are turned off. The internal resistive divider pulls down the output voltage smoothly. The EN signal must
be set externally to High or Low. An internal pull-down resistor of about 400kΩ is connected and keeps EN logic
low, if Low is set initially and then the pin gets floating. It is disconnected if the pin is set High
Connecting the EN pin to an appropriate output signal of another power rail provides sequencing of multiple
power rails.
8.3.2 Soft-Start / Tracking (SS/TR)
The internal soft-start circuitry controls the output voltage slope during start-up. This avoids excessive inrush
current and ensures a controlled output-voltage rise time. It also prevents unwanted voltage drops from highimpedance power sources or batteries. When EN is set to start device operation, the device starts switching after
a delay of about 50 µs, and VOUT rises with a slope controlled by an external capacitor connected to the SS/TR
pin. See Figure 40 and Figure 41 for typical start-up operation.
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Feature Description (continued)
Using a very small capacitor (or leaving SS/TR pin un-connected) provides fastest startup behavior. There is no
theoretical limit for the longest startup time. The TPS6214x can start into a pre-biased output. During monotonic
pre-biased startup, both the power MOSFETs are not allowed to turn on until the devices internal ramp sets an
output voltage above the pre-bias voltage. As long as the output is below about 0.5 V, a reduced current limit of
typically 1.6 A is set internally. If the device is set to shutdown (EN = GND), undervoltage lockout, or thermal
shutdown, an internal resistor pulls the SS/TR pin down to ensure a proper low level. Returning from those states
causes a new start-up sequence as set by the SS/TR connection.
A voltage supplied to SS/TR can be used for tracking a master voltage. The output voltage follows this voltage in
both directions, up and down (see Application and Implementation).
8.3.3 Power Good (PG)
The TPS6214x has a built-in power-good (PG) function to indicate whether the output voltage has reached its
appropriate level or not. The PG signal can be used for start-up sequencing of multiple rails. The PG pin is an
open-drain output that requires a pullup resistor (to any voltage below 7 V). It can sink 2 mA of current and
maintain its specified logic-low level. With TPS62140 it is high-impedance when the device is turned off due to
EN, UVLO, or thermal shutdown. TPS62140A features PG=Low in this case and can be used to actively
discharge Vout (see Figure 47). VIN must remain present for the PG pin to stay Low. See SLVA644 for
application details. If not used, the PG pin should be connected to GND but may be left floating.
space
Table 1. Power Good Pin Logic Table (TPS62140)
PG Logic Status
Device State
High Impedance
VFB ≥ VTH_PG
Enable (EN=High)
Low
√
VFB ≤ VTH_PG
√
√
Shutdown (EN=Low)
UVLO
Thermal Shutdown
Power Supply Removal
0.7 V < VIN < VUVLO
√
TJ > TSD
√
VIN < 0.7 V
√
space
Table 2. Power Good Pin Logic Table (TPS62140A)
PG Logic Status
Device State
High Impedance
VFB ≥ VTH_PG
Enable (EN=High)
Low
√
VFB ≤ VTH_PG
√
√
Shutdown (EN=Low)
UVLO
√
0.7 V < VIN < VUVLO
Thermal Shutdown
√
TJ > TSD
Power Supply Removal
VIN < 0.7 V
√
space
8.3.4 Pin-Selectable Output Voltage (DEF)
The output voltage of the TPS6214x devices can be increased by 5% above the nominal voltage by setting the
DEF pin to High (1). When DEF is Low, the device regulates to the nominal output voltage. Increasing the nominal
voltage allows adapting the power supply voltage to the variations of the application hardware. More detailed
information on voltage margining using TPS6214x can be found in SLVA489. A pull down resistor of about 400
kΩ is internally connected to the pin, to ensure a proper logic level if the pin is high impedance or floating after
initially set to Low. The resistor is disconnected if the pin is set High.
(1)
10
Maximum allowed voltage is 7 V. Therefore, it is recommended to connect it to VOUT or PG, not VIN.
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8.3.5 Frequency Selection (FSW)
To get high power density with very small solution size, a high switching frequency allows the use of small
external components for the output filter. However switching losses increase with the switching frequency. If
efficiency is the key parameter, more than solution size, the switching frequency can be set to half (1.25 MHz
typ.) by pulling FSW to High. It is mandatory to start with FSW=Low to limit inrush current, which can be done by
connecting to VOUT or PG. Running with lower frequency a higher efficiency, but also a higher output voltage
ripple, is achieved. Pull FSW to Low for high frequency operation (2.5 MHz typ.). To get low ripple and full output
current at the lower switching frequency, it's recommended to use an inductor of at least 2.2uH. The switching
frequency can be changed during operation, if needed. A pull down resistor of about 400kOhm is internally
connected to the pin, acting the same way as at the DEF pin (see above).
8.3.6 Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
If the input voltage drops, the undervoltage lockout prevents incorrect operation of the device by switching off
both the power FETs. The undervoltage lockout threshold is set typically to 2.7 V. The device is fully operational
for voltages above the UVLO threshold and turns off if the input voltage trips the threshold. The converter starts
operation again once the input voltage exceeds the threshold by a hysteresis of typically 200 mV.
8.3.7 Thermal Shutdown
The junction temperature (TJ) of the device is monitored by an internal temperature sensor. If TJ exceeds 160°C
(typ.), the device goes into thermal shutdown. Both the high-side and low-side power FETs are turned off and PG
goes high-impedance. When TJ decreases below the hysteresis amount, the converter resumes normal
operation, beginning with soft start. To avoid unstable conditions, a hysteresis of typically 20°C is implemented
on the thermal shutdown temperature.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Operation
The TPS6214x operates with pulse-width modulation in continuous-conduction mode (CCM) with a nominal
switching frequency of 2.5 MHz or 1.25 MHz, selectable with the FSW pin. The frequency variation in PWM is
controlled and depends on VIN, VOUT and the inductance. The device operates in PWM mode as long the output
current is higher than half the inductor ripple current. To maintain high efficiency at light loads, the device enters
power-save mode at the boundary to discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). This happens if the output current
becomes smaller than half the inductor ripple current.
8.4.2 Power Save Mode Operation
The TPS6214x enters its built-in power-save mode seamlessly if the load current decreases. This secures a high
efficiency in light-load operation. The device remains in power-save mode as long as the inductor current is
discontinuous.
In power-save mode, the switching frequency decreases linearly with the load current, maintaining high
efficiency. The transition into and out of power-save mode happens within the entire regulation scheme and is
seamless in both directions.
TPS6214x includes a fixed-on-time circuit. An estimate for this on-time, in steady-state operation with FSW=Low,
is:
space
t ON =
VOUT
× 400ns
V IN
(1)
space
For very small output voltages, an absolute minimum on-time of about 80 ns is kept to limit switching losses. The
operating frequency is thereby reduced from its nominal value, which keeps efficiency high. Also the off-time can
reach its minimum value at high duty cycles. The output voltage remains regulated in such case. Using tON, the
typical peak inductor current in Power Save Mode can be approximated by:
space
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Device Functional Modes (continued)
I LPSM ( peak ) =
(V IN - VOUT )
× t ON
L
(2)
When VIN decreases to typically 15% above VOUT, the TPS6214x does not enter power-save mode, regardless
of the load current. The device maintains output regulation in PWM mode.
8.4.3 100% Duty-Cycle Operation
The duty cycle of the buck converter is given by D = Vout/Vin and increases as the input voltage comes close to
the output voltage. In this case, the device starts 100% duty-cycle operation, turning on the high-side switch
100% of the time. The high-side switch stays turned on as long as the output voltage is below the internal
setpoint. This allows the conversion of small input-to-output voltage differences, e.g., for longest operation time
of battery-powered applications. In 100% duty-cycle mode, the low-side FET is switched off.
The minimum input voltage to maintain output voltage regulation, depending on the load current and the output
voltage level, is calculated as:
space
VIN (min) = VOUT (min) + I OUT (RDS ( on ) + RL )
where
•
•
•
IOUT is the output current.
RDS(on) is the RDS(on) of the high-side FET.
RL is the DC resistance of the inductor used.
(3)
8.4.4 Current Limit and Short Circuit Protection
The TPS6214x devices are protected against heavy load and short-circuit events. If a short circuit is detected
(VOUT drops below 0.5 V), the current limit is reduced to 1.6 A, typically. If the output voltage rises above 0.5 V,
the device runs in normal operation again. At heavy loads, the current limit determines the maximum output
current. If the current limit is reached, the high-side FET is turned off. Avoiding shoot through current, then the
low-side FET switches on to allow the inductor current to decrease. The low-side current limit is typically 2.4A.
The high-side FET turns on again only if the current in the low-side FET has decreased below the low-side
current-limit threshold.
The output current of the device is limited by the current limit (see Electrical Characteristics). Due to internal
propagation delay, the actual current can exceed the static current limit during that time. The dynamic current
limit is calculated as follows:
space
I peak ( typ ) = I LIMF +
VL
× t PD
L
where
•
•
•
•
ILIMF is the static current limit, specified in the Electrical Characteristics
L is the inductor value
VL is the voltage across the inductor (VIN – VOUT)
tPD is the internal propagation delay
(4)
space
The current limit can exceed static values, especially if the input voltage is high and very small inductances are
used. The dynamic high-side switch peak current is calculated as follows:
space
I peak (typ ) = I LIMF +
12
(VIN - VOUT )× 30ns
L
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(5)
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9 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application Information
The TPS62140 is a switched mode step-down converter, able to convert a 3 V to 17 V input voltage into a 0.9 V
to 6 V output voltage, providing up to 2 A. It needs a minimum amount of external components. Apart from the
LC output filter and the input capacitor, only the TPS62140 (TPS62140A) with an adjustable output voltage
needs an additional resistive divider to set the output voltage level.
9.2 Typical Application
space
(3 .. 17)V
VOUT / 2A
2.2µH
C1
10uF
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
EN
100k
PG
R1
TPS62140
SS/TR
C5
3.3nF
C3
22uF
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
R2
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 7. 3.3V/2A Step-Down Converter
9.2.1 Design Requirements
The following design guideline provides a component selection to operate the device within the recommended
operating conditions. Using the FSW pin, the design can be optimized for highest efficiency or smallest solution
size and lowest output voltage ripple. For highest efficiency set FSW = High and the device operates at the lower
switching frequency. For smallest solution size and lowest output voltage ripple set FSW = Low and the device
operates with higher switching frequency. The typical values for all measurements are VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 3.3 V
and T = 25°C, using the external components of Table 3.
9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The component selection used for measurements is given as follows:
Table 3. List of Components (1)
REFERENCE
DESCRIPTION
IC
17-V, 2-A step-down converter, QFN
L1
2.2-µH, 3.1-A, 0.165 in × 0.165 in
C1
10-µF, 25-V, ceramic, 1210
Standard
C3
22-µF, 6.3-V, ceramic, 0805
Standard
C5
3300-pF, 25-V, ceramic, 0603
R1
Dependent on Vout
R2
Dependent on Vout
R3
100-kΩ, chip, 0603, 1/16W, 1%
(1)
MANUFACTURER
TPS62140RGT, Texas Instruments
XFL4020-222MEB, Coilcraft
Standard
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9.2.2.1 Programming the Output Voltage
While the output voltage of the TPS62140 (TPS62140A) is adjustable, the TPS62141/2/3 are programmed to
fixed output voltages. For fixed output versions, the FB pin is pulled down internally and may be left floating. It is
recommended to connect to AGND to improve thermal resistance. The adjustable version can be programmed
for output voltages from 0.9 V to 6 V by using a resistive divider from VOUT to AGND. The voltage at the FB pin
is regulated to 800 mV. The value of the output voltage is set by the selection of the resistive divider from
Equation 6. It is recommended to choose resistor values which allow a current of at least 2 µA, meaning the
value of R2 should not exceed 400 kΩ. Lower resistor values are recommended for highest accuracy and mostrobust design. For applications requiring lowest current consumption, the use of fixed output-voltage versions is
recommended.
spacing
ö
æV
R1 = R 2 ç OUT - 1÷
ø
è 0.8V
(6)
spacing
In case the FB pin is opened, the device clamps the output voltage at the VOS pin internally to about 7.4 V.
9.2.2.2 External Component Selection
The external components have to fulfill the needs of the application, but also the stability criteria of the devices
control loop. The TPS6214X is optimized to work within a range of external components. The LC output filter's
inductance and capacitance have to be considered in conjunction, creating a double pole, responsible for the
corner frequency of the converter (see Output Filter and Loop Stability section). Table 4 can be used to simplify
the output filter component selection. Checked cells represent combinations that are proven for stability by
simulation and lab test. Further combinations should be checked for each individual application. See SLVA463
for details.
Table 4. Recommended LC Output Filter Combinations (1)
4.7 µF
10 µF
22 µF
47 µF
100 µF
200 µF
√
√
√
√
2.2 µH
√
√ (2)
√
√
√
3.3 µH
√
√
√
√
400 µF
0.47 µH
1 µH
4.7 µH
(1)
(2)
The values in the table are nominal values. The effective capacitance was considered to vary by +20% and -50%.
This LC combination is the standard value and recommended for most applications.
spacing
TPS6214X can be run with an inductor as low as 1 µH or 2.2 µH. FSW should be set Low in this case. However,
for applications running with the low-frequency setting (FSW = High) or with low input voltages, 3.3 µH is
recommended.
9.2.2.2.1 Inductor Selection
The inductor selection is affected by several effects like inductor ripple current, output ripple voltage, PWM-toPSM transition point, and efficiency. In addition, the inductor selected must be rated for appropriate saturation
current and DC resistance (DCR). Equation 7 and Equation 8 calculate the maximum inductor current under
static load conditions.
spacing
I L(max) = I OUT (max) +
DI L(max)
2
(7)
spacing
14
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DI L(max) = VOUT
V
æ
ç 1 - OUT
ç V IN (max)
×ç
L
×f
ç (min) SW
ç
è
ö
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
ø
where
•
•
•
•
IL(max) is the maximum inductor current
ΔIL is the peak-to-peak inductor ripple current
L(min) is the minimum effective inductor value
fSW is the actual PWM switching frequency
(8)
spacing
Calculating the maximum inductor current using the actual operating conditions gives the minimum required
inductor saturation current. It is recommended to add a margin of about 20%. A larger inductor value is also
useful to get lower ripple current, but increases the transient response time and size as well. The following
inductors have been used with the TPS6214x and are recommended for use:
Table 5. List of Inductors
(1)
(2)
TYPE
INDUCTANCE (µH)
CURRENT (A) (1)
DIMENSIONS [L x B x
H] (mm)
MANUFACTURER (2)
XFL4020-222ME_
2.2 µH, ±20%
3.5
4 x 4 x 2.1
Coilcraft
XFL4020-332ME_
3.3 µH, ±20%
2.9
4 x 4 x 2.1
Coilcraft
IHLP1212BZ-11
2.2 µH, ±20%
3.0
3 x 3.6 x 2
Vishay
IHLP1616AB-11
2.2 µH, ±20%
2.75
4.05 x 4.45 x 1.2
Vishay
DEM4518C 1235AS-H-3R3M
3.3 µH, ±20%
2.5
4.5 x 4.7 x 1.9
Toko
Lower of IRMS at 40°C rise or ISAT at 30% drop.
See Third-Party Products Disclaimer
spacing
The inductor value also determines the load current at which the power-save mode is entered:
spacing
I load ( PSM ) =
1
DI L
2
(9)
spacing
Using Equation 8, this current level can be adjusted by changing the inductor value.
9.2.2.2.2 Capacitor Selection
9.2.2.2.2.1 Output Capacitor
The recommended value for the output capacitor is 22 µF. The architecture of the TPS6214X allows the use of
tiny ceramic output capacitors with low equivalent series resistance (ESR). These capacitors provide low outputvoltage ripple and are recommended. To keep its low resistance up to high frequencies and to get narrow
capacitance variation with temperature, it is recommended to use X7R or X5R dielectric. Using a higher value
can have some advantages, like smaller voltage ripple and a tighter DC output accuracy in power-save mode
(see SLVA463).
Note: In power-save mode, the output voltage ripple depends on the output capacitance, its ESR and the peak
inductor current. Using ceramic capacitors provides small ESR and low ripple.
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9.2.2.2.2.2 Input Capacitor
For most applications, 10 µF is sufficient and is recommended, though a larger value reduces input-current ripple
further. The input capacitor buffers the input voltage for transient events and also decouples the converter from
the supply. A low-ESR multilayer ceramic capacitor is recommended for best filtering and should be placed
between PVIN and PGND as close as possible to those pins. Even though AVIN and PVIN must be supplied
from the same input source, it is recommended to place a capacitance of 0.1 uF from AVIN to AGND, to avoid
potential noise coupling.
9.2.2.2.2.3 Soft-Start Capacitor
A capacitance connected between the SS/TR pin and AGND allows a user-programmable start-up slope of the
output voltage. A constant-current source provides 2.5 µA to charge the external capacitance. The capacitor
required for a given soft-start ramp time for the output voltage is given by:
spacing
C SS = t SS ×
2.5mA
1.25V
[F ]
where
•
•
CSS is the capacitance (F) required at the SS/TR pin
tSS is the desired soft-start ramp time (s).
(10)
spacing
NOTE
DC bias effect: High-capacitance ceramic capacitors have a DC bias effect, which has a
strong influence on the final effective capacitance. Therefore, the right capacitor value
must be chosen carefully. Package size and voltage rating in combination with dielectric
material are responsible for differences between the rated capacitor value and the
effective capacitance.
spacing
9.2.2.3 Tracking Function
If a tracking function is desired, the SS/TR pin can be used for this purpose by connecting it to an external
tracking voltage. The output voltage tracks that voltage. If the tracking voltage is between 50 mV and 1.2 V, the
FB pin tracks the SS/TR pin voltage as described in Equation 11 and shown in Figure 8.
spacing
VFB » 0.64 × VSS / TR
(11)
spacing
VSS/
TR [V]
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.6
VFB [V]
0.8
Figure 8. Voltage Tracking Relationship
16
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Once the SS/TR pin voltage reaches about 1.2V, the internal voltage is clamped to the internal feedback voltage
and device goes to normal regulation. This works for rising and falling tracking voltages with the same behavior,
as long as the input voltage is inside the recommended operating conditions. For decreasing SS/TR pin voltage,
the device doesn't sink current from the output. So, the resulting decrease of the output voltage may be slower
than the SS/TR pin voltage if the load is light. When driving the SS/TR pin with an external voltage, do not
exceed the voltage rating of the SS/TR pin which is VIN+0.3V.
If the input voltage drops into undervoltage lockout or even down to zero, the output voltage goes to zero,
independent of the tracking voltage. Figure 9 shows how to connect devices to get ratiometric and simultaneous
sequencing by using the tracking function.
spacing
VOUT1
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
EN
PG
TPS62140
SS/TR
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
VOUT2
R1
EN
PG
TPS62140
SS/TR
R2
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 9. Sequence for Ratiometric and Simultaneous Startup
spacing
The resistive divider of R1 and R2 can be used to change the ramp rate of VOUT2 faster, slower, or the same as
VOUT1.
A sequential start-up is achieved by connecting the PG pin of VOUT1 to the EN pin of VOUT2. A ratiometric
start-up sequence happens if both supplies are sharing the same soft-start capacitor. Equation 10 calculates the
soft-start time, though the SS/TR current must be doubled. Details about these and other tracking and
sequencing circuits are found in SLVA470.
Note: If the voltage at the FB pin is below its typical value of 0.8 V, the output voltage accuracy may have a
wider tolerance than specified.
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9.2.2.4 Output Filter and Loop Stability
The devices of the TPS6214x family are internally compensated to be stable with L-C filter combinations
corresponding to a corner frequency to be calculated with Equation 12:
spacing
f LC =
1
2p L × C
(12)
spacing
Proven nominal values for inductance and ceramic capacitance are given in Table 4 and are recommended for
use. Different values may work, but care must be taken on the loop stability, which is affected. More information
including a detailed L-C stability matrix can be found in SLVA463.
The TPS6214x devices, both fixed and adjustable versions, include an internal 25 pF feed-forward capacitor,
connected between the VOS and FB pins. This capacitor impacts the frequency behavior and sets a pole and
zero in the control loop with the resistors of the feedback divider, per equations Equation 13 and Equation 14:
spacing
f zero =
1
2p × R1 × 25 pF
(13)
spacing
f pole =
1
2p × 25 pF
æ 1
1 ö
÷÷
× çç
+
è R1 R 2 ø
(14)
spacing
Though the TPS6214x devices are stable without the pole and zero being in a particular location, adjusting their
location to the specific needs of the application can provide better performance in power-save mode and/or
improved transient response. An external feed-forward capacitor can also be added. A more detailed discussion
on the optimization for stability vs transient response can be found in SLVA289 and SLVA466.
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9.2.3 Application Curves
VIN = 12 V, VOUT = 3.3 V, TA = 25°C, (unless otherwise noted)
100.0
100.0
90.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
VIN=12V
VIN=17V
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
80.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
60.0
IOUT=10mA
50.0
IOUT=1mA
40.0
0.001
0.01
0.1
Output Current (A)
1
VOUT=5.0V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
20.0
VOUT=5.0V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
10.0
10.0
0.0
10
7
8
90.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
100.0
90.0
VIN=17V
VIN=12V
40.0
30.0
14
15
16
17
G001
70.0
60.0
IOUT=10mA
50.0
IOUT=1mA
IOUT=1A
IOUT=100mA
40.0
30.0
20.0
0.001
0.01
0.1
Output Current (A)
1
VOUT=5.0V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
20.0
VOUT=5.0V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
10.0
10.0
0.0
10
7
8
9
10
G001
VOUT = 5 V
11
12
13
Input Voltage (V)
14
15
16
17
G001
VOUT = 5 V
Figure 12. Efficiency With 2.5 MHz
Figure 13. Efficiency With 2.5 MHz
100.0
100.0
90.0
90.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
VIN=12V
60.0
VIN=17V
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
11
12
13
Input Voltage (V)
Figure 11. Efficiency With 1.25 MHz
100.0
VIN=5V
50.0
40.0
30.0
70.0
60.0
IOUT=1A IOUT=100mA
IOUT=10mA
IOUT=1mA
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
0.001
0.01
0.1
Output Current (A)
1
VOUT = 3.3 V
VOUT=3.3V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
20.0
VOUT=3.3V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
10.0
0.0
0.0001
10
VOUT = 5 V
Figure 10. Efficiency With 1.25 MHz
50.0
9
G001
VOUT = 5 V
0.0
0.0001
IOUT=1A
IOUT=100mA
30.0
20.0
0.0
0.0001
70.0
10.0
10
0.0
4
5
6
G001
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Input Voltage (V)
G001
VOUT = 3.3 V
Figure 14. Efficiency With 1.25 MHz
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Figure 15. Efficiency With 1.25 MHz
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100.0
100.0
90.0
90.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
VIN=12V
50.0
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
VIN=17V
VIN=5V
40.0
30.0
60.0
IOUT=100mA
50.0
0.001
0.01
0.1
Output Current (A)
1
VOUT=3.3V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
10.0
0.0
10
4
5
100.0
90.0
90.0
80.0
80.0
70.0
VIN=12V
60.0
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
100.0
VIN=17V
VIN=5V
40.0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Input Voltage (V)
G001
70.0
IOUT=1A
60.0
IOUT=100mA
50.0
IOUT=10mA
IOUT=1mA
40.0
30.0
20.0
0.001
0.01
0.1
Output Current (A)
1
VOUT=1.8V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
20.0
VOUT=1.8V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
10.0
10.0
0.0
10
3
4
6
7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Input Voltage (V)
G001
VOUT = 1.8 V
Figure 18. Efficiency With 1.25 MHz
Figure 19. Efficiency With 1.25 MHz
100.0
100.0
90.0
90.0
80.0
80.0
60.0
VIN=12V
Efficiency (%)
70.0
VIN=17V
50.0
VIN=5V
40.0
5
G001
VOUT = 1.8 V
Efficiency (%)
8
Figure 17. Efficiency With 2.5 MHz
30.0
30.0
70.0
60.0
IOUT=1A
50.0
IOUT=100mA
40.0
IOUT=10mA
IOUT=1mA
30.0
20.0
0.001
0.01
0.1
Output Current (A)
1
VOUT = 0.9 V
VOUT=0.9V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
20.0
VOUT=0.9V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
10.0
10.0
10
0.0
3
4
5
G001
6
7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Input Voltage (V)
G001
VOUT = 0.9 V
Figure 20. Efficiency With 1.25 MHz
20
7
VOUT = 3.3 V
Figure 16. Efficiency With 2.5 MHz,
50.0
6
G001
VOUT = 3.3 V
0.0
0.0001
IOUT=1A
40.0
20.0
VOUT=3.3V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
10.0
0.0
0.0001
IOUT=1mA
IOUT=10mA
30.0
20.0
0.0
0.0001
70.0
Submit Documentation Feedback
Figure 21. Efficiency With 1.25 MHz
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: TPS62140 TPS62140A TPS62141 TPS62142 TPS62143
TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
www.ti.com
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
3.40
3.40
Output Voltage (V)
Output Voltage (V)
VIN=17V
3.35
VIN=12V
3.30
VIN=5V
3.25
VOUT=3.3V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
3.20
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
Output Current (A)
1
3.25
4
4
3.5
3.5
IOUT=2A
3
2.5
2
IOUT=0.5A
IOUT=1A
1.5
1
0.5
0
VOUT=3.3V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
4
7
10
13
Input Voltage (V)
16
G001
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
6
8
10
FSW = Low
12
14
Input Voltage (V)
16
0
18
VOUT = 5 V
1
Output Current (A)
1.5
2
G000
VOUT = 5 V
Figure 25. Switching Frequency vs Output Current
4
4
3.5
Switching Frequency (MHz)
IOUT=2A
3
2.5
IOUT=0.5A
0.5
FSW = Low
3.5
2
0
G000
Figure 24. Switching Frequency vs Input Voltage
IOUT=1A
1.5
1
0.5
0
IOUT=100mA
Figure 23. Output Voltage Accuracy (Line Regulation)
Switching Frequency (MHz)
Switching Frequency (MHz)
IOUT=1A
G001
Figure 22. Output Voltage Accuracy (Load Regulation)
Switching Frequency (MHz)
3.30
3.20
10
IOUT=10mA
IOUT=1mA
3.35
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
4
6
FSW = Low
8
10
12
Input Voltage (V)
14
16
18
VOUT = 3.3 V
Figure 26. Switching Frequency vs Input Voltage
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
0
0
G000
FSW = Low
0.5
1
Output Current (A)
1.5
2
G000
VOUT = 3.3 V
Figure 27. Switching Frequency vs Output Current
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4
4
3.5
3.5
Switching Frequency (MHz)
Switching Frequency (MHz)
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
IOUT=2A
3
2.5
2
IOUT=0.5A
1.5
IOUT=1A
1
0.5
0
3
5
7
9
11
Input Voltage (V)
13
15
2
1.5
1
0
17
0
0.5
1
Output Current (A)
G000
VOUT = 1.8 V
FSW = Low
2
G000
VOUT = 1.8 V
Figure 29. Switching Frequency vs Output Current
3
3
2.5
IOUT=2A
2
1.5
IOUT=1A
1
IOUT=0.5A
0.5
0
3
5
7
9
11
Input Voltage (V)
FSW = Low
13
15
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
17
0
0.5
1
Output Current (A)
G000
VOUT = 1 V
FSW = Low
Figure 30. Switching Frequency vs Input Voltage
2
G000
VOUT = 1 V
4
Output Current (A)
0.03
VIN=17V
−40°C
3.5
VOUT=3.3V,
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
0.04
VIN=5V
0.02
2.5
2
85°C
1.5
VOUT=3.3V
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cout=22uF
0.5
VIN=12V
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2 1.4
Output Current (A)
1.6
Figure 32. Output Voltage Ripple
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1.8
2
G000
25°C
3
1
0.01
0
1.5
Figure 31. Switching Frequency vs Output Current
0.05
22
1.5
Figure 28. Switching Frequency vs Input Voltage
Switching Frequency (MHz)
Switching Frequency (MHz)
2.5
0.5
FSW = Low
Output Voltage Ripple (V)
3
0
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Input Voltage (V)
G000
Figure 33. Maximum Output Current
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: TPS62140 TPS62140A TPS62141 TPS62142 TPS62143
TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
www.ti.com
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
100
100
90
80
70
VIN=17V
PSRR (dB)
PSRR (dB)
VIN=5V
80
VIN=12V
70
60
50
40
30
VIN=17V
60
50
40
30
20
20
VOUT=3.3V, IOUT=1A
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cin=10uF, Cout=22uF
10
0
VIN=12V
90
VIN=5V
10
100
IOUT = 1A
1k
10k
Frequency (Hz)
100k
1M
fSW = 2.5 MHz
VOUT = 3.3 V With 50 mV/div
Figure 36. PWM-PSM-Transition
Figure 38. Line Transient Response of Figure 37, Rising
Edge
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
0
10
100
G000
Figure 34. Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
VIN = 12 V
VOUT=3.3V, IOUT=0.1A
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
Cin=10uF, Cout=22uF
10
IOUT = 0.1A
1k
10k
Frequency (Hz)
100k
1M
G000
fSW = 2.5 MHz
Figure 35. Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
IOUT= 0.5 to 2 to
0.5 A
VIN = 12 V
VOUT = 3.3 V
Figure 37. Load Transient Response
Figure 39. Line Transient Response of Figure 37, Falling
Edge
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23
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
VIN = 12 V
www.ti.com
VIN = 12 V
VOUT = 3.3 V
Figure 41. Start-Up into 2 A
Figure 40. Start-Up Into 100 mA
IOUT = 1 A
IOUT = 10 A
Figure 42. Typical Operation in PWM Mode
Figure 43. Typical Operation in Power-Save Mode
125
Free−Air Temperature (°C)
Free−Air Temperature (°C)
125
115
105
95
TPS62140 EVM
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
VIN=12V, VOUT=3.3V
85
75
0
0.5
1
1.5
Output Current (A)
115
105
95
85
75
TPS62140 EVM
L=2.2uH (XFL4020)
VIN=12V, VOUT=3.3V
65
2
fSW = 2.5 MHz
2.5
55
0
2
G000
4
6
8
Output Power (W)
10
12
G000
fSW = 2.5 MHz
Figure 44. Maximum Ambient Temperature
24
VOUT = 3.3 V
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Figure 45. Maximum Ambient Temperature
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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www.ti.com
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
9.3 System Examples
9.3.1 LED Power Supply
The TPS62140 can be used as a power supply for power LEDs. The FB pin can be easily set down to lower
values than nominal by using the SS/TR pin. With that, the voltage drop on the sense resistor is low to avoid
excessive power loss. Because this pin provides 2.5 µA, the feedback pin voltage can be adjusted by an external
resistor per Equation 15. This drop, proportional to the LED current, is used to regulate the output voltage (anode
voltage) to a proper level to drive the LED. Both analog and PWM dimming are supported with the TPS62140.
Figure 46 shows an application circuit, tested with analog dimming:
spacing
(4 .. 17) V
2.2 µH
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
PG
EN
10uF
ADIM
22uF
TPS62140
FB
SS/TR
187k
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
0.15R
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 46. Single Power LED Supply
The resistor at SS/TR sets the FB voltage to a level of about 300 mV and is calculated from Equation 15.
spacing
V FB = 0.64 × 2.5mA × R SS / TR
(15)
spacing
The device now supplies a constant current, set by the resistor at the FB pin, by regulating the output voltage
accordingly. The minimum input voltage must be rated according to the forward voltage needed by the LED
used. More information is available in the application note SLVA451.
9.3.2 Active Output Discharge
The TPS62140A pulls the PG pin Low, when the device is shut down by EN, UVLO or thermal shutdown.
Connecting PG to Vout through a resistor can be used to discharge Vout in those cases (see Figure 47). The
discharge rate can be adjusted by R3, which is also used to pull up the PG pin in normal operation. For reliability,
keep the maximum current into the PG pin less than 10mA.
(3 .. 17)V
1 / 2.2 µH
PVIN
Vout / 2A
SW
TPS62140A
AVIN
EN
10uF
SS/TR
3.3nF
VOS
PG
R3
R1
22uF
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
R2
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 47. Discharge Vout through PG Pin With TPS62140A
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
www.ti.com
System Examples (continued)
9.3.3 Inverting Power Supply
The TPS6214x can be used as inverting power supply by rearranging external circuitry as shown in Figure 48.
As the former GND node now represents a voltage level below system ground, the voltage difference between
VIN and VOUT has to be limited for operation to the maximum supply voltage of 17V (see Equation 16).
spacing
VIN + VOUT £ VIN max
(16)
spacing
10uF
2.2µH
(3 .. 13.7)V
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
10uF
PG
EN
1.21M
TPS62140
22uF
FB
SS/TR
3.3nF
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
383k
-3.3V
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 48. –3.3V Inverting Power Supply
spacing
The transfer function of the inverting power supply configuration differs from the buck mode transfer function,
incorporating a Right Half Plane Zero additionally. The loop stability has to be adapted and an output
capacitance of at least 22µF is recommended. A detailed design example is given in SLVA469.
spacing
9.3.4 Various Output Voltages
The following example circuits show how to use the various devices and configure the external circuitry to furnish
different output voltages at 2A.
spacing
spacing
(5 .. 17)V
5V / 2A
2.2 µH
10uF
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
100k
PG
EN
22uF
TPS62143
SS/TR
3.3nF
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 49. 5-V/2-A Power Supply
spacing
26
Submit Documentation Feedback
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
www.ti.com
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
System Examples (continued)
spacing
(3.3 .. 17)V
3.3V / 2A
2.2 µH
10uF
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
100k
PG
EN
22uF
TPS62142
FB
SS/TR
3.3nF
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 50. 3.3-V/2-A Power Supply
spacing
spacing
(3 .. 17)V
2.5V / 2A
2.2 µH
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
PG
EN
10uF
100k
390k
22uF
TPS62140
FB
SS/TR
3.3nF
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
180k
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 51. 2.5-V/2-A Power Supply
spacing
spacing
(3 .. 17)V
1.8V / 2A
2.2 µH
10uF
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
PG
EN
100k
22uF
TPS62141
SS/TR
3.3nF
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 52. 1.8-V/2-A Power Supply
spacing
spacing
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Submit Documentation Feedback
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27
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
www.ti.com
System Examples (continued)
(3 .. 17)V
1.5V / 2A
2.2 µH
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
100k
PG
EN
10uF
130k
22uF
TPS62140
FB
SS/TR
3.3nF
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
150k
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 53. 1.5-V/2-A Power Supply
spacing
spacing
(3 .. 17)V
1.2V / 2A
2.2 µH
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
100k
PG
EN
10uF
75k
22uF
TPS62140
SS/TR
3.3nF
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
150k
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 54. 1.2-V/2-A Power Supply
spacing
spacing
1V / 2A
2.2 µH
PVIN
SW
AVIN
VOS
100k
PG
EN
10uF
51k
22uF
TPS62140
SS/TR
3.3nF
FB
DEF
AGND
FSW
PGND
200k
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Figure 55. 1-V/2-A Power Supply
10 Power Supply Recommendations
The TPS6214X are designed to operate from a 3-V to 17-V input voltage supply. The input power supply's output
current needs to be rated according to the output voltage and the output current of the power rail application.
28
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www.ti.com
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
A proper layout is critical for the operation of a switched-mode power supply, even more at high switching
frequencies. Therefore, the PCB layout of the TPS6214x demands careful attention to ensure operation and to
get the performance specified. A poor layout can lead to issues like poor regulation (both line and load), stability
and accuracy weaknesses, increased EMI radiation, and noise sensitivity.
See Figure 56 for the recommended layout of the TPS6214x, which is designed for common external ground
connections. Therefore both AGND and PGND pins are directly connected to the Exposed Thermal Pad. On the
PCB, the direct common ground connection of AGND and PGND to the Exposed Thermal Pad and the system
ground (ground plane) is mandatory. Also connect the VOS pin in the shortest way to VOUT at the output
capacitor. To avoid noise coupling into the VOS line, this connection should be separated from the VOUT power
line/plane as shown in Layout Example.
Provide low inductive and resistive paths for loops with high di/dt. Therefore, paths conducting the switched load
current should be as short and wide as possible. Provide low capacitive paths (with respect to all other nodes) for
wires with high dv/dt. Therefore, the input and output capacitance should be placed as close as possible to the
IC pins and parallel wiring over long distances as well as narrow traces should be avoided. Loops which conduct
an alternating current should outline an area as small as possible, as this area is proportional to the energy
radiated.
Sensitive nodes like FB and VOS need to be connected with short wires and not nearby high dv/dt signals (that
is, SW). As they carry information about the output voltage, they should be connected as close as possible to the
actual output voltage (at the output capacitor). The capacitor on the SS/TR pin and on AVIN as well as the FB
resistors, R1 and R2, should be kept close to the IC and connect directly to those pins and the system ground
plane.
The Exposed Thermal Pad must be soldered to the circuit board for mechanical reliability and to achieve
appropriate power dissipation.
The recommended layout is implemented on the EVM and shown in its Users Guide, SLVU437. Additionally, the
EVM Gerber data are available for download here, SLVC394.
11.2 Layout Example
space
AGND
C5
R1
FB
AGND
DEF
SS/TR
PG
AVIN
SW
PGND
SW
PGND
SW
PVIN
EN
PVIN
VOS
VIN
FSW
R2
C3
C1
L1
VOUT
GND
Figure 56. Layout Recommendation
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
www.ti.com
11.3 Thermal Considerations
Implementation of integrated circuits in low-profile and fine-pitch surface-mount packages typically requires
special attention to power dissipation. Many system-dependent issues such as thermal coupling, airflow, added
heat sinks and convection surfaces, and the presence of other heat-generating components affect the powerdissipation limits of a given component.
Three basic approaches for enhancing thermal performance are listed below:
• Improving the power dissipation capability of the PCB design
• Improving the thermal coupling of the component to the PCB by soldering the exposed thermal pad
• Introducing airflow in the system
For more details on how to use the thermal parameters, see the application notes: Thermal Characteristics
Application Note (SZZA017), and (SPRA953).
The TPS6214X is designed for a maximum operating junction temperature (TJ) of 125°C. Therefore, the
maximum output power is limited by the power losses that can be dissipated over the actual thermal resistance,
given by the package and the surrounding PCB structures. Since the thermal resistance of the package is fixed,
increasing the size of the surrounding copper area and improving the thermal connection to the IC can reduce
the thermal resistance. To get improved thermal behavior, it is recommended to use top layer metal to connect
the device with wide and thick metal lines. Internal ground layers can connect to vias directly under the IC for
improved thermal performance.
If short-circuit or overload conditions are present, the device is protected by limiting internal power dissipation.
Experimental data, taken from the TPS62140 EVM, shows the maximum ambient temperature (without additional
cooling like airflow or heat sink), that can be allowed to limit the junction temperature to at most 125°C (see
Figure 44).
30
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SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Device Support
12.1.1 Third-Party Products Disclaimer
TI'S PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION REGARDING THIRD-PARTY PRODUCTS OR SERVICES DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN ENDORSEMENT REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES
OR A WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR ENDORSEMENT OF SUCH PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, EITHER
ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ANY TI PRODUCT OR SERVICE.
12.2 Documentation Support
12.2.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation see the following:
• Users Guide, SLVU437
• EVM Gerber Data, SLVC394
• Thermal Characteristics Application Note, SZZA017 and SPRA953
12.3 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 6. Related Links
PARTS
PRODUCT FOLDER
SAMPLE & BUY
TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS
TOOLS &
SOFTWARE
SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
TPS62140
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS62140A
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS62141
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS62142
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
TPS62143
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
Click here
12.4 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Submit Documentation Feedback
Product Folder Links: TPS62140 TPS62140A TPS62141 TPS62142 TPS62143
31
TPS62140, TPS62140A, TPS62141, TPS62142, TPS62143
SLVSAJ0E – NOVEMBER 2011 – REVISED SEPTEMBER 2016
www.ti.com
12.5 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
12.6 Trademarks
DCS-Control, E2E are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.7 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
12.8 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
32
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Copyright © 2011–2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: TPS62140 TPS62140A TPS62141 TPS62142 TPS62143
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
6-Feb-2020
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
(2)
(6)
(3)
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(4/5)
TPS62140ARGTR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
PA7I
TPS62140ARGTT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
PA7I
TPS62140RGTR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
QTZ
TPS62140RGTT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
QTZ
TPS62141RGTR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
QWA
TPS62141RGTT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
QWA
TPS62142RGTR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
QWB
TPS62142RGTT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
QWB
TPS62143RGTR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
QWC
TPS62143RGTT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RGT
16
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 125
QWC
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of