CS5464-ISZ

CS5464 Three-channel, Single-phase Power/Energy IC Features • Energy Data Linearity: ±0.1% of Reading over 1000:1 Dynamic Range • On-chip Functions: - Instantaneous Voltage, Current, and Power - IRMS and VRMS, Active, Reactive, and Apparent Power - Current Fault and Voltage Sag Detect - System Calibrations / Phase Compensation - Temperature Sensor - Energy-to-pulse Conversion - Positive-only Accumulation Mode Description The CS5464 is an integrated power measurement device which combines three ∆Σ analog-to-digital converters, power calculation engine, energy-to-frequency converter, and a serial interface on a single chip. It is designed to accurately measure instantaneous current and voltage and calculate VRMS, IRMS, instantaneous power, active power, apparent power, and reactive power for high-performance power measurement applications. The CS5464 is optimized to interface to shunt resistors or current transformers for current measurement, and to resistive dividers or potential transformers for voltage measurement. The CS5464 features a tamper detection scheme that uses the larger of the active power measurements to register energy. Additional features include system-level calibration, temperature sensor, voltage sag & current fault detection, and phase compensation. • Meets Accuracy Spec for IEC, ANSI, & JIS • Low Power Consumption • Tamper Detection in 2-Wire Distribution Systems • GND-referenced Signals with Single Supply • On-chip 2.5 V Reference (25 ppm/°C typ) • Power Supply Monitor • Simple Three-wire Digital Serial Interface • “Auto-boot” Mode from Serial E2PROM. • Power Supply Configurations VA+ = +5 V; AGND = 0 V; VD+ = +3.3 V to +5 V VA+ ORDERING INFORMATION See Page 45. VD+ RESET IIN1+ IIN1- PGA 4th Order ∆Σ Modulator Digital Filter HPF Option MODE CS SDI IIN2+ IIN2- PGA 4th Order ∆Σ Modulator Digital Filter HPF Option Power Calculation Engine Serial Interface SDO SCLK INT E1 E2 E3 VIN+ VIN- 10x 2nd Order ∆Σ Modulator Digital Filter HPF Option E-to-F Temperature Sensor VREFIN x1 Voltage Reference AGND Power Monitor System Clock /K Clock Generator Calibration VREFOUT PFMON XIN XOUT CPUCLK DGND Preliminary Product Information http://www.cirrus.com This document contains information for a new product. Cirrus Logic reserves the right to modify this product without notice. Copyright © Cirrus Logic, Inc. 2006 (All Rights Reserved) MAR ‘06 DS682PP1 CS5464 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Clock Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Control Pins and Serial Data I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Analog Inputs/Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Power Supply Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Test Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. Characteristics & Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Recommended Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Analog Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Analog Inputs (All Channels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Analog Inputs (Current Channels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Analog Inputs (Voltage Channel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Temperature Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Voltage Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Reference Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Reference Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Digital Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Master Clock Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Filter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Input/Output Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Switching Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Start-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Serial Port Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SDI Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 SDO Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Auto-Boot Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 E1, E2, and E3 Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Digital Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Voltage and Current Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Power Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Tamper Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Linearity Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Analog Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.1 Voltage Channel Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1.2 Current Channel Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 IIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 High-pass Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Performing Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Energy Pulse Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.1 Active Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 DS682PP1 CS5464 5.5.2 Apparent Energy Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.3 Reactive Energy Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.4 Voltage Channel Sign Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.5 PFMON Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5.6 Design Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Sag and Fault Detect Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 On-chip Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Voltage Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 System Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 Power-down States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Oscillator Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 Event Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12.1 Typical Interrupt Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13 Serial Port Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13.1 Serial Port Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14 Register Paging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.15 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Register Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Page 0 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Page 1 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Page 2 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. System Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Channel Offset and Gain Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1 Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.1.1 Duration of Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2 Offset Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2.1 DC Offset Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.2.2 AC Offset Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.3 Gain Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.3.1 AC Gain Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.3.2 DC Gain Calibration Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1.4 Order of Calibration Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Phase Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Active Power Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Auto-boot Mode Using E2PROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 Auto-boot Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 Auto-boot Data for E2PROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Which E2PROMs Can Be Used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Basic Application Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Package Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Environmental, Manufacturing, & Handling Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 19 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 24 28 28 34 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 42 42 42 42 43 44 45 45 46 DS682PP1 3 CS5464 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. CS5464 Read and Write Timing Diagrams ................................................................. 12 Figure 2. Timing Diagram for E1, E2, and E3 ...................................................................................... 13 Figure 3. Data Measurement Flow Diagram ............................................................................... 14 Figure 4. Data Measurement Flow Diagram ............................................................................... 14 Figure 5. Power Calculation Flow ............................................................................................... 15 Figure 6. Active and Reactive energy pulse outputs .................................................................. 19 Figure 7. Apparent energy pulse outputs.................................................................................... 19 Figure 8. Voltage Channel Sign Pulse outputs ........................................................................... 20 Figure 9. PFMON output to pin E3 ........................................................................................................ 20 Figure 10. Sag and Fault Detect................................................................................................. 20 Figure 11. Oscillator Connection ................................................................................................ 22 Figure 12. CS5464 Memory Map................................................................................................ 23 Figure 13. Calibration Data Flow ................................................................................................ 39 Figure 14. System Calibration of Offset...................................................................................... 39 Figure 15. System Calibration of Gain........................................................................................ 40 Figure 16. Example of AC Gain Calibration................................................................................ 40 Figure 17. Example of AC Gain Calibration................................................................................ 40 Figure 18. Typical Interface of E2PROM to CS5464 .................................................................. 42 Figure 19. Typical Connection Diagram ..................................................................................... 43 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Current Channel PGA Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Table 2. High-pass Filter Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Table 3. E2 Pin Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Table 4. E3 Pin Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Table 5. Interrupt Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4 DS682PP1 CS5464 1. OVERVIEW The CS5464 is a CMOS monolithic power measurement device with a computation engine and an energy-to-frequency pulse output. The CS5464 combines two programmable gain amplifiers, three ∆Σ analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), system calibration, and a computation engine on a single chip. The CS5464 is designed for power measurement applications and is optimized to interface to a current-sense resistor or transformer for current measurement, and to a resistive divider or potential transformer for voltage measurement. The current channels provide programmable gains to accommodate various input levels from a multitude of sensing elements. The second current channel is designated for tamper detection support in applications where required. With a single +5 V supply on VA+/AGND, the CS5464’s three input channels can accommodate common mode plus signal levels between (AGND - 0.25 V) and VA+. The CS5464 also is equipped with a computation engine that calculates instantaneous power, IRMS, VRMS, apparent power, active (real) power, reactive power, and power factor. Additional features of the CS5464 include line frequency, current and voltage sag detection, zero-cross detection, positive-only accumulation mode, and three programmable pulse output pins. To facilitate communication to a microprocessor, the CS5464 includes a simple three-wire serial interface which is SPI™ and Microwire™ compatible. The CS5464 provides three outputs for energy registration. Pins E1, E2, and E3 are designed to interface to a microprocessor. DS682PP1 5 CS5464 2. PIN DESCRIPTION Crystal Out CPU Clock Output Positive Digital Supply Digital Ground Serial Clock Serial Data Ouput Chip Select Mode Select Differential Voltage Input Differential Voltage Input Voltage Reference Output Voltage Reference Input Factory Test Factory Test XOUT CPUCLK VD+ DGND SCLK SDO CS MODE VIN+ VINVREFOUT VREFIN TEST1 TEST2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 XIN SDI E2 E1 INT RESET E3 PFMON IIN+ IINVA+ AGND IIN2+ IIN2Crystal In Serial Data Input Energy Output 2 Energy Output 1 Interrupt Reset Energy Output 3 Power Fail Monitor Differential Current Input Differential Current Input Positive Analog Supply Analog Ground Differential Current Input Differential Current Input Clock Generator Crystal Out Crystal In CPU Clock Output Serial Clock Input Serial Data Output Chip Select Mode Select Energy Output Reset Interrupt Serial Data Input 1,28 XOUT, XIN - The output and input of an inverting amplifier. Oscillation occurs when connected to a crystal, providing an on-chip system clock. Alternatively, an external clock can be supplied to the XIN pin to provide the system clock for the device. CPUCLK - Output of on-chip oscillator which can drive one standard CMOS load. 2 5 6 7 8 Control Pins and Serial Data I/O SCLK - A Schmitt Trigger input pin. Clocks data from the SDI pin into the receive buffer and out of the transmit buffer onto the SDO pin when CS is low. SDO -Serial port data output pin.SDO is forced into a high impedance state when CS is high. CS - Low, activates the serial port interface. MODE - High, enables the “auto-boot” mode. The mode pin is pull-down by an internal resistor. 22, 25, E3, E1, E2 - Active low pulses with an output frequency proportional to energy. 26 23 24 27 9,10 RESET - A Schmitt Trigger input pin. Low activates Reset, all internal registers (some of which drive output pins) are set to their default states. INT - Low, indicates that an enabled event has occurred. SDI - Serial port data input pin. Data will be input at a rate determined by SCLK. Analog Inputs/Outputs Differential Voltage Inputs Differential Current Inputs Voltage Reference Output Voltage Reference Input VIN+, VIN- - Differential analog input pins for the voltage channel. 19,20, IIN+, IIN-, IIN2+, IIN2- - Differential analog input pins for the current channel. 15,16 11 12 3 4 18 17 21 VREFOUT - The on-chip voltage reference output. The voltage reference has a nominal magnitude of 2.5 V and is referenced to the AGND pin on the converter. VREFIN - The input to this pin establishes the voltage reference for the on-chip modulator. Power Supply Connections Positive Digital Supply Digital Ground Positive Analog Supply Analog Ground Power Fail Monitor VD+ - The positive digital supply. DGND - Digital Ground. VA+ - The positive analog supply. AGND - Analog ground. PFMON - The power fail monitor pin monitors the analog supply. If PFMON’s voltage threshold is tripped, a Low-Supply Detect (LSD) event is set in the status register. Test Connections Factory Test 13,14 TEST1, TEST2 - Factory use only. Connect to AGND. 6 DS682PP1 CS5464 3. CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATIONS RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Parameter Positive Digital Power Supply Positive Analog Power Supply Voltage Reference Specified Temperature Range Symbol VD+ VA+ VREFIN TA Min 3.135 4.75 -40 Typ 5.0 5.0 2.5 Max 5.25 5.25 +85 Unit V V V °C ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS • • • • Min / Max characteristics and specifications are guaranteed over all Recommended Operating Conditions. Typical characteristics and specifications are measured at nominal supply voltages and TA = 25 °C. VA+ = VD+ = 5 V ±5%; AGND = DGND = 0 V; VREFIN = +2.5 V. All voltages with respect to 0 V. MCLK = 4.096 MHz. Parameter Accuracy Active Power (Note 1) All Gain Ranges Input Range 0.1% - 100% All Gain Ranges Input Range 0.1% - 100% All Gain Ranges Input Range 1.0% - 100% Input Range 0.1% - 1.0% All Gain Ranges Input Range 1.0% - 100% Input Range 0.1% - 1.0% All Gain Ranges Input Range 5% - 100% Symbol PActive QAvg PF Min Typ Max Unit 80 -0.25 80 30 - ±0.1 ±0.2 ±0.2 ±0.27 ±0.1 ±0.17 ±0.1 500 100 94 -115 27 4.0 ±0.4 VA+ 22.5 4.5 - % % % % % % % % dB V mVP-P mVP-P dB dB pF kΩ µVrms µVrms µV/°C % Average Reactive Power (Note 1 and 2) Power Factor (Note 1 and 2) Current RMS (Note 1) IRMS VRMS CMRR Voltage RMS (Note 1) Analog Inputs (All Channels) Common Mode Rejection Common Mode + Signal Analog Inputs (Current Channels) Differential Input Range [(IIN+) - (IIN-)] (DC, 50, 60 Hz) (Gain = 10) (Gain = 50) (Gain = 50) (50, 60 Hz) IIN THD IC EII Total Harmonic Distortion Crosstalk with Voltage Channel at Full Scale Input Capacitance Effective Input Impedance Noise (Referred to Input) Offset Drift (Without the High Pass Filter) Gain Error (Gain = 10) (Gain = 50) NI OD GE (Note 3) Notes: 1. Applies when the HPF option is enabled. 2. Applies when the line frequency is equal to the product of the Output Word Rate (OWR) and the value of epsilon (ε). DS682PP1 7 CS5464 ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Parameter Analog Inputs (Voltage Channel) Differential Input Range Symbol [(VIN+) - (VIN-)] Min 65 2 48 68 60 2.3 - Typ 500 75 -70 2.0 16.0 ±3.0 ±5 1.3 2.9 1.7 33 20 7 10 55 75 65 2.45 2.55 Max 140 - Unit mVP-P dB dB pF MΩ µVrms µV/°C % °C mA mA mA mW mW mW uW dB dB dB V V VIN THD IC EII NV OD GE T Total Harmonic Distortion Crosstalk with Current Channel at Full Scale (50, 60 Hz) Input Capacitance All Gain Ranges Effective Input Impedance Noise (Referred to Input) Offset Drift (Without the High Pass Filter) Gain Error Temperature Channel Temperature Accuracy Power Supplies Power Supply Currents (Active State) (Note 3) 36 23 2.7 IA+ ID+ (VA+ = VD+ = 5 V) ID+ (VA+ = 5 V, VD+ = 3.3 V) PSCA PSCD PSCD Power Consumption (Note 4) Active State (VA+ = VD+ = 5 V) Active State (VA+ = 5 V, VD+ = 3.3 V) Stand-by State Sleep State PC Power Supply Rejection Ratio (50, 60 Hz) (Note 5) Voltage Channel Current Channel (Gain = 50x) Current Channel (Gain = 10x) (Note 6) (Note 7) PSRR PMLO PMHI PFMON Low-voltage Trigger Threshold PFMON High-voltage Power-on Trip Point Notes: 3. Applies before system calibration. 4. All outputs unloaded. All inputs CMOS level. 5. Measurement method for PSRR: VREFIN tied to VREFOUT, VA+ = VD+ = 5 V, a 150 mV (zero-to-peak) (60 Hz) sinewave is imposed onto the +5 V DC supply voltage at VA+ and VD+ pins. The “+” and “-” input pins of both input channels are shorted to AGND. The CS5464 is then commanded to continuous conversion acquisition mode, and digital output data is collected for the channel under test. The (zero-to-peak) value of the digital sinusoidal output signal is determined, and this value is converted into the (zero-to-peak) value of the sinusoidal voltage (measured in mV) that would need to be applied at the channel’s inputs, in order to cause the same digital sinusoidal output. This voltage is then defined as Veq. PSRR is (in dB): 150 PSRR = 20 ⋅ log --------V eq 6. When voltage level on PFMON is sagging, and LSD bit = 0, the voltage at which LSD is set to 1. 7. If the LSD bit has been set to 1 (because PFMON voltage fell below PMLO), this is the voltage level on PFMON at which the LSD bit can be permanently reset back to 0. 8 DS682PP1 CS5464 VOLTAGE REFERENCE Parameter Reference Output Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient Load Regulation Reference Input Input Voltage Range Input Capacitance Input CVF Current VREFIN +2.4 +2.5 4 100 +2.6 V pF nA (Note 8) (Note 9) Symbol VREFOUT TCVREF ∆ VR Min +2.4 - Typ +2.5 25 6 Max +2.6 60 10 Unit V ppm/°C mV Notes: 8. The voltage at VREFOUT is measured across the temperature range. From these measurements the following formula is used to calculate the VREFOUT Temperature Coefficient:. TC VREF = V REFOUT ( (VREFOUT - UT VREFO MAX AVG MIN ) (T A MAX 1 - T AM IN ( 1.0 x 10 6 9. Specified at maximum recommended output of 1 µA, source or sink. DIGITAL CHARACTERISTICS • • • • Min / Max characteristics and specifications are guaranteed over all Recommended Operating Conditions. Typical characteristics and specifications are measured at nominal supply voltages and TA = 25 °C. VA+ = VD+ = 5V ±5%; AGND = DGND = 0 V. All voltages with respect to 0 V. MCLK = 4.096 MHz. Parameter Master Clock Characteristics Master Clock Frequency Master Clock Duty Cycle CPUCLK Duty Cycle Filter Characteristics Phase Compensation Range Input Sampling Rate Digital Filter Output Word Rate High-pass Filter Corner Frequency Channel-to-channel Time-shift Error Input/Output Characteristics High-level Input Voltage All Pins Except XIN and SCLK and RESET XIN SCLK and RESET (Voltage Channel, 60 Hz) DCLK = MCLK/K (Both Channels) -3 dB (Note 12 and 13) Internal Gate Oscillator (Note 11) Symbol MCLK Min 2.5 40 40 -2.8 - 4.096 DCLK/8 DCLK/1024 0.5 1.0 OWR 25 Full-scale DC Calibration Range (Referred to Input) (Note 14) FSCR (Note 15) VIH 0.6 VD+ (VD+) - 0.5 0.8 VD+ - Low-level Input Voltage (VD = 5 V) All Pins Except XIN and SCLK and RESET XIN SCLK and RESET VIL DS682PP1 ( Typ Max 20 60 60 +2.8 100 Unit MHz % % ° Hz Hz Hz %F.S. µs 0.8 1.5 0.2 VD+ V V V V V V 9 ( ( CS5464 Parameter Low-level Input Voltage (VD = 3.3 V) All Pins Except XIN and SCLK and RESET XIN SCLK and RESET Symbol VIL VOH VOL Iin IOZ Cout Min (VD+) - 1.0 - Typ ±1 5 Max 0.48 0.3 0.2 VD+ 0.4 0.4 ±10 ±10 - Unit V V V V V V µA µA pF High-level Output Voltage Low-level Output Voltage Iout = +5 mA Iout = -5 mA (VD = +5V) Iout = -2.5 mA (VD = +3.3V) Input Leakage Current 3-state Leakage Current Digital Output Pin Capacitance (Note 16) Notes: 10. All measurements performed under static conditions. 11. If a crystal is used, XIN frequency must remain between 2.5 MHz - 5.0 MHz. If an external oscillator is used, XIN frequency range is 2.5 MHz - 20 MHz, but K must be set so that MCLK is between 2.5 MHz - 5.0 MHz. 12. If external MCLK is used, the duty cycle must be between 45% and 55% to maintain this specification. 13. The frequency of CPUCLK is equal to MCLK. 14. The minimum FSCR is limited by the maximum allowed gain register value. The maximum FSCR is limited by the full-scale signal applied to the channel input. 15. Configuration Register bits PC[6:0] are set to “0000000”. 16. The MODE pin is pulled low by an internal resistor. 10 DS682PP1 CS5464 SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS • • • • Min / Max characteristics and specifications are guaranteed over all Recommended Operating Conditions. Typical characteristics and specifications are measured at nominal supply voltages and TA = 25 °C. VA+ = 5 V ±5% VD+ = 3.3 V ±5% or 5 V ±5%; AGND = DGND = 0 V. All voltages with respect to 0 V. Logic Levels: Logic 0 = 0 V, Logic 1 = VD+. Parameter Rise Times (Note 16) Fall Times (Note 16) Start-up Oscillator Start-up Time Serial Port Timing Serial Clock Frequency Serial Clock SDI Timing CS Falling to SCLK Rising Data Set-up Time Prior to SCLK Rising Data Hold Time After SCLK Rising SDO Timing CS Falling to SDO Driving SCLK Falling to New Data Bit (hold time) CS Rising to SDO Hi-Z Auto-Boot Timing Serial Clock MODE setup time to RESET Rising RESET rising to CS falling CS falling to SCLK rising SCLK falling to CS rising CS rising to driving MODE low (to end auto-boot sequence) SDO guaranteed setup time to SCLK rising Pulse Width Low Pulse Width High Pulse Width High Pulse Width Low XTAL = 4.096 MHz (Note 17) Any Digital Output Symbol trise tfall Any Digital Output Min 200 200 Typ 50 50 60 - Max 1.0 1.0 2 - Unit µs ns µs ns ms MHz ns ns tost SCLK t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12 t13 t14 t15 t16 50 50 100 - 20 20 20 8 8 50 50 50 ns ns ns ns ns ns MCLK MCLK ns MCLK 50 48 100 8 16 50 100 MCLK MCLK ns ns Notes: 16. Specified using 10% and 90% points on waveform of interest. Output loaded with 50 pF. 17. Oscillator start-up time varies with crystal parameters. This specification does not apply when using an external clock source. DS682PP1 11 CS5464 t3 CS t1 t2 SC LK t4 MSB-1 MSB-1 MSB MSB t5 MSB-1 MSB-1 MSB MSB LSB LSB LSB SDI C o m m a n d T im e 8 S C L K s LSB H ig h B y te M id B y te L o w B y te SDI Write Timing (Not to Scale) CS t6 MSB-1 MSB H igh B yte MSB-1 MSB LSB M id B yte MSB-1 MSB LSB Low B yte LSB t8 SDO UNKNOW N t1 t2 t7 SCLK MSB-1 MSB SDI C om m and T im e 8 S C LK s LSB S Y N C 0 or S Y N C 1 C om m and S Y N C 0 or S Y N C 1 C om m and S Y N C 0 or S Y N C 1 C om m and SDO Read Timing (Not to Scale) t11 t15 MODE ( IN P U T ) RESET ( IN P U T ) t12 t13 t7 t14 CS (O U T P U T ) SCLK (O U T P U T ) t10 t16 t9 t4 t5 SDO (O U T P U T ) STOP bit SDI ( IN P U T ) Last 8 B it s D a ta fro m E E P R O M Auto-boot Sequence Timing (Not to Scale) Figure 1. CS5464 Read and Write Timing Diagrams 12 DS682PP1 CS5464 SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Parameter E1, E2, and E3 Timing Period Pulse Width Rising Edge to Falling Edge E2 Setup to E1 and/or E3 Falling Edge E1 Falling Edge to E3 Falling Edge (Note 18 and 19) Symbol tperiod tpw t3 t4 t5 Min 250 244 6 1.5 248 Typ - Max - Unit µs µs µs µs µs Notes: 18. Pulse output timing is specified at MCLK = 4.096 MHz, E2MODE = 0, and E3MODE[1:0] = 0. Refer to 5.5 Energy Pulse Output on page 18 for more information on pulse output pins. 19. Timing is proportional to the frequency of MCLK. tpw E1 E2 tperiod t3 t4 tpw t5 tperiod t3 t5 t4 E3 Figure 2. Timing Diagram for E1, E2, and E3 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS WARNING: Operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device. Normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes. Parameter DC Power Supplies (Notes 20 and 21) Positive Digital Positive Analog (Notes 22, 23, 24) Symbol VD+ VA+ IIN IOUT (Note 25) All Analog Pins All Digital Pins Min -0.3 -0.3 - 0.3 -0.3 -40 -65 Typ - Max +6.0 +6.0 ±10 100 500 (VA+) + 0.3 (VD+) + 0.3 85 150 Unit V V mA mA mW V V °C °C Input Current, Any Pin Except Supplies Output Current, Any Pin Except VREFOUT Power Dissipation Analog Input Voltage Digital Input Voltage Ambient Operating Temperature Storage Temperature PD VINA VIND TA Tstg Notes: 20. VA+ and AGND must satisfy [(VA+) - (AGND)] ≤ + 6.0 V. 21. VD+ and AGND must satisfy [(VD+) - (AGND)] ≤ + 6.0 V. 22. Applies to all pins including continuous over-voltage conditions at the analog input pins. 23. Transient current of up to 100 mA will not cause SCR latch-up. 24. Maximum DC input current for a power supply pin is ±50 mA. 25. Total power dissipation, including all input currents and output currents. DS682PP1 13 CS5464 to Voltage Channel 2 VOLTAGE VDCoff Vgn + x10 2nd Order ∆Σ Modulator + MUX APF X SINC 3 Digital Filter X IIR DELAY REG Σ V VQ HPF HPF IIR X X SYSGain Q Control Register PC[7] PC[6] PC[5] PC[4] PC[3] PC[2] PC[1] PC[0] 2322 ε ... VHPF 6 X IHPF 5 ... 321 0 2π X P Operational Modes Register 7 MUX CURRENT PGA 4th Order ∆Σ Modulator DELAY REG SINC 3 X IIR + Σ + X I gn HPF APF I REGISTER NAMES INDICATED IN SHADED AREAS. Digital Filter SYSGain IDCoff Figure 3. Data Measurement Flow Diagram 4. THEORY OF OPERATION The CS5464 is a four-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) followed by a computation engine that performs power calculations and energy-to-pulse conversion. The data flow for the voltage and current channel measurement and the power calculation algorithms are depicted in Figures 3, 4, and 5. The CS5464 analog inputs are structured with two Current channels and two Voltage channels, then optimized to simplify interfacing to various sensing elements. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the current channels are fully independent while the two voltage channels are multiplexed. The voltage-sensing element introduces a voltage waveform on the voltage channel input VIN± and is subject to a gain of 10x. A second-order delta-sigma modulator samples the amplified signal for digitization. Simultaneously, the current-sensing elements introduce a voltage waveform on the two current channel inputs IIN± and IIN2±, which is subject to the two selectable gains of the programmable gain amplifier (PGA). The from Voltage Channel 1 2nd Order ∆Σ Modulator amplified signals are sampled by a fourth-order delta-sigma modulator for digitization. The converters sample at a rate of MCLK/8. The over-sampling provides a wide dynamic range and simplified anti-alias filter design. 4.1 Digital Filters The decimating digital filters on the four channels are Sinc3 filters followed by 4th-order IIR filters. The single-bit data is passed to the low-pass decimation filter and output at a fixed word rate. The output word is passed to an IIR filter to compensate for the magnitude roll off of the low-pass filtering operation. An optional digital high-pass filter (HPF in Figures 3 and 4) removes any DC component from the selected signal path. By removing the DC component from the voltage and/or the current channel, any DC content will also be removed from the calculated active power as well. With both HPFs enabled the DC component will be removed Temp Sensor SINC 3 X IIR DELAY REG MUX + + MUX V2 dcoff V2gn X APF HPF HPF Σ V2 V2Q Digital Filter SYSGain Temperature Registers Control Register PC[7] PC[6] PC[5] PC[4] PC[3] PC[2] PC[1] PC[0] 2322 IIR X X Q2 ε ... VHPF 8 X IHPF 7 ... 321 0 π X P2 7 Operational Modes Register + Digital Filter SYSGain APF I2gn MUX CURRENT 2 PGA 4th Order ∆Σ Modulator DELAY REG SINC 3 X IIR + Σ X HPF I2 REGISTER NAMES INDICATED IN SHADED AREAS. I2 dcoff Figure 4. Data Measurement Flow Diagram 14 DS682PP1 CS5464 Vacoff (V2acoff) V (V2) X Σ N ÷N √ √ ÷N ÷N + + Σ X VRMS (V2RMS) S (S2) X Iacoff (I2acoff) + + + Σ - √ Energy-to-pulse QTRIG (Q2TRIG) I (I2) X Σ N X ÷N Σ IRMS (I2RMS) Inverse X PF (PF2) E1 E2 E3 Poff (P2off) PulseRateE + P (P2) + Σ Q (Q2) Σ Σ N N PACTIVE (P2ACTIVE) X QAVG (Q2AVG) REGISTER NAMES (CHANNEL 2 REGISTER NAMES) INDICATED IN SHADED AREAS. Figure 5. Power Calculation Flow from the calculated VRMS and I RMS as well as the apparent power. When the optional HPF in either channel is disabled, an all-pass filter (APF) in the complement channel is implemented. The APF has an amplitude response that is flat within the channel bandwidth and is used for matching phase in systems where only one channel’s HPF is engaged. For more information, see 5.3 High-pass Filters on page 17. 4.3 Power Measurements The instantaneous voltage and current samples are multiplied to obtain the instantaneous power (see Figure 3 and 4). The product is then averaged over N conversions to compute active power and is used to drive energy pulse output E1. Energy output E2 is configurable and can provide an energy sign, a pulse output that is proportional to the apparent power, or a tamper indicator. Energy output E3 provides a pulse output that is proportional to the reactive power or the apparent power. Output E3 can also be set to indicate the PFMON comparator output or to indicate the sign of the voltage applied to the voltage channel. The apparent power (S, S2) is the combination of the active power and reactive power, without reference to an impedance phase angle, and is calculated by the CS5464 using the following formula: S = V RMS × I RMS 4.2 Voltage and Current Measurements The digital filter output word is subject to a DC offset adjustment and a gain calibration (See Section 7. System Calibration on page 39). The calibrated measurement is available by reading the instantaneous voltage and current registers. The Root Mean Square (RMS in Figure 5) calculations are performed on N instantaneous voltage and current samples, Vn and In, respectively (where N is the cycle count), using the formula: Power Factor (PF, PF2) is the active power (PActive, P2Active) divided by the apparent power (S, S2) N–1 P Active PF = ----------------S I RMS = ∑ In n=0 -------------------N The sign of the power factor is determined by the active power. The CS5464 calculates the reactive power (QTrig, Q2Trig) utilizing trigonometric identities, using the formula Q Trig = 2 S 2 – P Active and likewise for VRMS, using Vn. IRMS and VRMS are accessible by register reads, which are updated once every cycle count (referred to as a computational cycle). DS682PP1 15 CS5464 The average reactive power calculation (QAvg, Q2Avg) is generated by averaging the voltage then multiplying that value by the current measurement with a 90° phase difference between the two. The 90° phase shift is realized by applying an IIR digital filter in the voltage channel to obtain quadrature voltage (see Figure 3 and 4). This filter will give exactly -90° phase shift across all frequencies, and utilizes epsilon (ε) to achieve unity gain at the line frequency. The instantaneous quadrature voltage (VQ, V2Q) and current (I, I2) samples are multiplied to obtain the instantaneous quadrature power (Q, Q2). The product is then averaged over N conversions, utilizing the formula 4.4 Tamper Detection The third channel (inputs IIN2±) can be used for tamper detection when required by the application. Typically using a shunt resistor to save cost, the tamper input monitors the current through the neutral connection. See Figure 19 on page 43. The CS5464 calculates active power, P and P2, using current channel inputs, IIN± and IIN2±, respectively. The active powers are then compared, looking for deviations greater then a programmable threshold, as an indicator of a connection fault, potentially caused by tampering. When tamper detect is enabled (by default) the current channel that produces the larger active power will be registered in the pulse output accumulation registers and pulse output pins. 4.5 Linearity Performance N ∑ Qn n=1 Q Avg = -----------------------N The linearity of the VRMS, I RMS, active, reactive, and power-factor power measurements (before calibration) will be within ±0.1% of reading over the ranges specified, with respect to the input voltage levels required to cause full-scale readings in the IRMS and VRMS registers. Refer to Accuracy Specifications on page 7. Until the CS5464 is calibrated, the accuracy of the CS5464 (with respect to a reference line-voltage and line-current level on the power mains) is not guaranteed to within ±0.1%. (See Section 7. System Calibration on page 39.) The accuracy of the internal calculations can often be improved by selecting a value for the Cycle Count Register that will cause the time duration of one computation cycle to be equal to (or very close to) a whole number of power-line cycles (and N must be 4000 or greater). The peak current (Ipeak, I2peak) and peak voltage (Vpeak, V2peak) are the instantaneous current and voltage, respectively, with the greatest magnitude detected during the previous computation cycle. Active, apparent, reactive, and fundamental power are updated every computation cycle. 16 DS682PP1 CS5464 5. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 5.1 Analog Inputs The CS5464 is equipped with three fully differential input channels. The inputs VIN±, IIN±, and IIN2± are designated as the voltage, current, and current 2 channel inputs, respectively. The full-scale differential input voltage for the current and voltage channel is ±250 mVP. applied to the voltage and/or current channel, the maximum input range should be adjusted accordingly. 5.2 IIR Filters The current and voltage channels are equipped with a 3rd-order IIR filter, that is used to compensate for the magnitude roll off of the low-pass decimation filter. 5.1.1 Voltage Channel Input The output of the line voltage resistive divider or transformer is connected to the VIN+ and VIN- input pins of the CS5464. The voltage channel is equipped with a 10x fixed-gain amplifier. The full-scale signal level that can be applied to the voltage channel is ±250 mV. If the input signal is a sine wave, the maximum RMS voltage at a gain 10x is: 250mV P 2 5.3 High-pass Filters By removing the offset from either channel, no error component will be generated at DC when computing the active power. By removing the offset from both channels, no error component will be generated at DC when computing VRMS, IRMS, and apparent power. Operational Mode Register bits VHPF, VHPF2, IHPF and IHPF2 activate the HPF in the voltage and current channel, respectively. When a high-pass filter is active in only one channel, an all-pass filter (APF) is applied to the companion channel. The APF has an amplitude response that is flat within the channel bandwidth and is used for matching phase in systems where only one HPF is engaged. VHPF(2) IHPF(2) Filter Configuration All Filters Off on Channel 1(2) HPF on Current Channel 1(2) HPF on Voltage Channel 1(2) HPF on Current & Voltage Channels 1(2) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 -------------------- ≅ 176.78mV - RMS which is approximately 70.7% of maximum peak voltage. The voltage channel is also equipped with a Voltage Gain Register, allowing for an additional programmable gain of up to 4x. 5.1.2 Current Channel Inputs The output of the current-sense resistor or transformer is connected to the IIN+ (IIN2+) and IIN- (IIN2-) input pins of the CS5464. To accommodate different current-sensing elements, the current channel incorporates a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with two programmable input gains. Configuration Register bit Igain (I2gain) defines the two gain selections and corresponding maximum input signal level. Igain, I2gain Maximum Input Gain Table 2. High-pass Filter Configuration 5.4 Performing Measurements The CS5464 performs measurements of instantaneous voltage (Vn) and current (In), and calculates instantaneous power (Pn) at an output word rate (OWR) of ( MCLK ⁄ K ) OWR = ---------------------------1024 0 1 ±250 mV ±50 mV 10x 50x Table 1. Current Channel PGA Setting For example, if Igain=0 (I2gain=0), current channel 1(2) PGA gain is set to 10x. If the input signals are pure sinusoids with zero phase shift, the maximum peak differential signal on the current or voltage channel is ±250 mVP. The input signal levels are approximately 70.7% of maximum peak voltage and produce a full-scale energy pulse registration equal to 50% of absolute maximum energy registration. This will be discussed further in See Section 5.5 Energy Pulse Output on page 18. The Current Gain Register also facilitates an additional programmable gain of up to 4x. If an additional gain is DS682PP1 where K is the value of the clock divider selected in the Configuration Register by bits K[3:0]. Note that a value of K[3:0] = 0000 results in a clock divider setting of 16, rather than zero. The RMS voltage (VRMS, V2RMS), RMS current (IRMS, I2RMS), and active power (Pactive, P2active) are computed using N instantaneous samples of Vn, In, and Pn respectively, where N is the value in the Cycle Count Register and is referred to as a “computation cycle”. The apparent power (S, S2) is the product of VRMS and IRMS. A computation cycle is derived from the master clock 17 CS5464 (MCLK), with frequency: Under default conditions and OWR Computation Cycle = -------------N the sign of both active and reactive energy. (See Figure 2. Timing Diagram for E1, E2, and E3 on page 13.) The E1 pulse output is designed to indicate the Active Energy. The E2 pin can be used to register Apparent Energy, to indicate a tamper detection has occurred, or to indicate the sign of energy. Table 3 defines the pulse output mode, which is controlled by bit E2MODE[1:0] in the Operational Mode Register. E2MODE1 E2MODE0 E2 Output Mode with K = 1, N = 4000, and MCLK = 4.096 MHz – the OWR = 4000 and the Computation Cycle = 1 Hz. All measurements are available as a percentage of full scale. The format for signed registers is a two’s complement, normalized value between -1 and +1. The format for unsigned registers is a normalized value between 0 and 1. A register value of 23 (2 – 1) ----------------------- = 0.99999988 23 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Sign of Energy Apparent Energy Tamper Indicator Reserved represents the maximum possible value. At each instantaneous measurement, the CRDY bit will be set in the Status Register, and the INT pin will become active if the CRDY bit is unmasked in the Mask Register. At the end of each computation cycle, the DRDY bit will be set in the Status Register, and the INT pin will become active if the DRDY bit is unmasked in the Mask Register. When these bits are asserted, they must be cleared before they can be asserted again. If the Cycle Count Register (N) is set to 2, all output calculations are instantaneous, and DRDY, like CRDY, will indicate when instantaneous measurements are finished. The Cycle Count Register (N) must be ≥ 2. Table 3. E2 Pin Configuration The E3 pin can be set to register Reactive Energy (default), PFMON, Voltage Channel Sign, or Apparent Energy. Table 4 defines the pulse output format, which is controlled by bits E3MODE[1:0] in the Operational Mode Register. E3MODE1 E3MODE0 E3 OutPut Mode 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Reactive Energy PFMON Voltage Channel Sign Apparent Energy Epsilon (ε) is the ratio of the input line frequency (fi) to the sample frequency (fs) of the ADC. Table 4. E3 Pin Configuration ε = fi ⁄ fs where fs = MCLK / (K x 1024). With MCLK = 4.096 MHz and clock divider K = 1, fs = 4000 Hz. For the two most-common line frequencies, 50 Hz and 60 Hz ε and The pulse output frequencies of E1, E2, and E3 are directly proportional to the power calculated from the input signals. The value contained in the PulseRateE Register is the ratio of the frequency of energy-output pulses to the number of samples, at full scale, which defines the average frequency for the output pulses. The pulse width, tpw in Figure 2, is an integer multiple of MCLK cycles approximately equal to: t pw ( sec ) = 50 Hz ⁄ 4000 Hz = 0.0125 -----------------------------------≅ ( MCLK/K ) / 1024 1 ε = 60 Hz ⁄ 4000 Hz = 0.015 If MCLK = 4.096 MHz and K = 1 then tpw ≅ 0.25 ms. respectively. Epsilon is used to set the gain of the 90° phase shift (IIR) filter for the average reactive power calculation. 5.5.1 Active Energy The E1 pin produces active-low pulses with an output frequency proportional to the active power. The E2 pin is the energy direction indicator. Positive energy is represented by E1 pin falling while the E2 is high. Negative energy is represented by the E1 pin falling while the E2 is low. The E1 and E2 switching characteristics are 5.5 Energy Pulse Output The CS5464 provides three output pins for energy registration. By default, E1 is used to register active energy, E3 is used to register reactive energy, and E2 indicates 18 DS682PP1 CS5464 specified in Figure 2. Timing Diagram for E1, E2, and E3 on page 13. Figure 6 illustrates the pulse output format with positive active energy and negative reactive energy. E1 E2 E3 function can be utilized to calculate the output frequency on E2 (and/or E3). VIN × VGAIN × IIN × IGAIN × PulseRate = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 VREFIN FREQ S Figure 6. Active and Reactive energy pulse outputs FREQS = Average frequency of apparent energy E2 and/or E3 pulses [Hz] VIN = rms voltage across VIN+ and VIN- [V] VGAIN = Voltage channel gain IIN = rms voltage across IIN+ and IIN- [V] IGAIN = Current channel gain PulseRate = PulseRateE x (MCLK/K)/2048 [Hz] VREFIN = Voltage at VREFIN pin [V] The pulse output frequency of E1 is directly proportional to the active power calculated from the input signals. To calculate the output frequency of E1, the following transfer function can be utilized: VIN × VGAIN × IIN × IGAIN × PF × PulseRate FREQ P = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 VREFIN FREQP = Average frequency of active energy E1 pulses [Hz] VIN = rms voltage across VIN+ and VIN- [V] VGAIN = Voltage channel gain IIN = rms voltage across IIN+ and IIN- [V] IGAIN = Current channel gain PF = Power Factor PulseRate = PulseRateE x (MCLK/K)/2048 [Hz] VREFIN = Voltage at VREFIN pin [V] With MCLK = 4.096 MHz and default settings, the pulses will have an average frequency equal to the frequency specified by PulseRateE when the input signals applied to the voltage and current channels cause full-scale readings in the instantaneous voltage and current registers. The maximum pulse frequency from the E2 (and/or E3) pin is (MCLK/K)/2048. The E2 (and/or E3) pin outputs apparent energy, but has no energy direction indicator. 5.5.3 Reactive Energy Mode Reactive energy pulses are output on pin E3 by setting bit E3MODE[1:0] = 0 (default) in the Operational Mode Register. Positive reactive energy is registered by E3 falling when E2 is high. Negative reactive energy is registered by E3 falling when E2 is low. Figure 6 on page 19 illustrates the pulse output format with negative reactive energy output on pin E3 and the sign of the energy on E2. The E3 and E2 pulse output switching characteristics are specified in Figure 2 on page 13. The pulse output frequency of E3 is directly proportional to the reactive power calculated from the input signals. To calculate the output frequency on E3, the following transfer function can be utilized: VIN × VGAIN × IIN × IGAIN × PQ × PulseRate FREQ Q = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 VREFIN FREQQ = Average frequency of reactive energy E3 pulses [Hz] VIN = rms voltage across VIN+ and VIN- [V] VGAIN = Voltage channel gain IIN = rms voltage across IIN+ and IIN- [V] IGAIN = Current channel gain PQ = 1 – PF2 PulseRate = PulseRateE x (MCLK/K)/2048 [Hz] VREFIN = Voltage at VREFIN pin [V] With MCLK = 4.096 MHz, PF = 1, and default settings, the pulses will have an average frequency equal to the frequency specified by PulseRateE when the input signals applied to the voltage and current channels cause full-scale readings in the instantaneous voltage and current registers. The maximum pulse frequency from the E1 pin is (MCLK/K)/2048. 5.5.2 Apparent Energy Mode Pin E2 outputs apparent energy pulses when the Operational Mode Register bit E2MODE = 1. Pin E3 outputs apparent energy pulses when the Operational Mode Register bits E3MODE[1:0] = 3 (11b). Figure 7 illustrates the pulse output format with apparent energy on E2 (E2MODE = 1 and E3MODE[1:0] = 0) E1 E2 E3 Figure 7. Apparent energy pulse outputs The pulse output frequency of E2 (and/or E3) is directly proportional to the apparent power calculated from the input signals. Since apparent power is without reference to an impedance phase angle, the following transfer With MCLK = 4.096 MHz, PF = 0 and default settings, the pulses will have an average frequency equal to the frequency specified by PulseRateE when the input signals applied to the voltage and current channels cause full-scale readings in the instantaneous voltage and cur- DS682PP1 19 CS5464 rent registers. The maximum pulse frequency from the E1 pin is (MCLK/K)/2048. Therefore with PF = 1 and: VIN = 220V × ( ( 150mV ) ⁄ ( 250V ) ) = 132mV IIN = 15A × ( ( 150mV ) ⁄ ( 20A ) ) = 112.5mV 5.5.4 Voltage Channel Sign Mode Setting bits E3MODE[1:0] = 2 (10b) in the Operational Mode Register outputs the sign of the voltage channel on pin E3. Figure 8 illustrates the output format with voltage channel sign on E3. E1 E2 E3 the pulse rate is: 2 100 × 2.5 PulseRate = ---------------------------------------------------------------- = 420.8754Hz 0.132 × 10 × 0.1125 × 10 and the PulseRateE Register is set to: PulseRateE = PulseRate --------------------------------------( MCLK ⁄ K ) ⁄ 2048 = 0.2104377 Figure 8. Voltage Channel Sign Pulse outputs Output pin E3 is high when the line voltage is positive and pin E3 is low when the line voltage is negative. with MCLK = 4.096 MHz and K = 1. 5.6 Sag and Fault Detect Feature Status bit VSAG (V2SAG) and IFAULT (I2FAULT) in the Status Register, indicates a sag occurred in the power line voltage (voltage 2) and current (current 2), respectively. For a sag condition to be identified, the absolute value of the instantaneous voltage or current must be less than the sag level for more than half of the sag duration (see Figure 10). To activate voltage sag detection, a voltage sag level must be specified in the Voltage Sag Level Register (VSAGlevel, V2SAGlevel), and a voltage sag duration must be specified in the Voltage Sag Duration Register (VSAGduration, V2SAGduration). To activate current fault detection, a current sag level must be specified in the Current Fault Level Register (ISAGlevel, I2SAGlevel), and a current sag duration must be specified in the Current Fault Duration Register (ISAGduration, I2SAGduration). The voltage and current sag levels are specified as the average of the absolute instantaneous voltage and current, respectively. Voltage and current sag duration is specified in terms of ADC cycles. 5.5.5 PFMON Output Mode Setting bit E3MODE[1:0] = 1 (01b) in the Operational Mode Register outputs the state of the PFMON comparator on pin E3. Figure 9 illustrates the output format with PFMON on E3. E1 E2 E3 Above PFMON Threshold Below PFMON Threshold Figure 9. PFMON output to pin E3 When PFMON is greater than the threshold, pin E3 is high and when PFMON is less than the threshold pin E3 is low. 5.5.6 Design Example EXAMPLE #1: The maximum rated levels for a power line meter are 250 V rms and 20 A rms. The required number of pulses-per-second on E1 is 100 pulses per second (100 Hz), when the levels on the power line are 220 V rms and 15 A rms. With a 10x gain on the voltage and current channel the maximum input signal is 250 mVP. (See Section 5.1 Analog Inputs on page 17.) To prevent over-driving the channel inputs, the maximum rated rms input levels will register 0.6 in VRMS and IRMS by design. Therefore the voltage level at the channel inputs will be 150 mV rms when the maximum rated levels on the power lines are 250 V rms and 20 A rms. Solving for PulseRateE using the transfer function: 2 FREQ P × VREFIN PulseRate = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VIN × VGAIN × IIN × IGAIN × PF Level Duration Figure 10. Sag and Fault Detect 20 DS682PP1 CS5464 5.7 On-chip Temperature Sensor The on-chip temperature sensor is designed to assist in characterizing the measurement element over a desired temperature range. Once a temperature characterization is performed, the temperature sensor can then be utilized to assist in compensating for temperature drift. Temperature measurements are performed during continuous conversions and stored in the Temperature Register. The Temperature Register (T) default is Celsius scale (°C). The Temperature Gain Register (Tgain) and Temperature Offset Register (Toff) are constant values allowing for temperature scale conversions. The temperature update rate is a function of the number of ADC samples. With MCLK = 4.096 MHz and K = 1 the update rate is: 2240 samples --------------------------------------- = ( MCLK ⁄ K ) ⁄ 1024 0.56 sec Applying the above relationship to the CS5461A temperature measurement algorithm –4 o o 9 T 〈 F〉 = ⎛ -- × T gain ⎞ T 〈 C〉 + ⎛ T off + ( 17.7778 × 2.737649 ⋅ 10 )⎞ ⎝5 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ If Toff = -0.09504 and Tgain = 26.443 for a Celsius scale, then the modified values are Toff = -0.09017 (0xF47550) and Tgain = 47.6 (0x5F3333) for a Fahrenheit scale. 5.8 Voltage Reference The CS5464 is specified for operation with a +2.5 V reference between the VREFIN and AGND pins. To utilize the on-chip 2.5 V reference, connect the VREFOUT pin to the VREFIN pin of the device. The VREFIN can be used to connect external filtering and/or references. The Cycle Count Register (N) must be set to a value greater than one. Status bit TUP in the Status Register, indicates when the Temperature Register is updated. The Temperature Offset Register sets the zero-degree measurement. To improve temperature measurement accuracy, the zero-degree offset may need to be adjusted after the CS5464 is initialized. Temperature-offset calibration is achieved by adjusting the Temperature Offset Register (Toff) by the differential temperature (∆T) measured from a calibrated digital thermometer and the CS5464 temperature sensor. A one-degree adjustment to the Temperature Register (T) is achieved by adding 2.737649x10-4 to the Temperature Offset Register (Toff). Therefore, T off 5.9 System Initialization Upon powering up, the digital circuitry is held in reset until the analog voltage reaches 4.0 V. At that time, an eight-XIN-clock-period delay is enabled to allow the oscillator to stabilize. The CS5464 will then initialize. A hardware reset is initiated when the RESET pin is asserted with a minimum pulse width of 50 ns. The RESET signal is asynchronous, with a Schmitt-trigger input. Once the RESET pin is de-asserted, an eight-XIN-clock-period delay is enabled. A software reset is initiated by writing the command 0x80. After a hardware or software reset, the internal registers (some of which drive output pins) will be reset to their default values. Status bit DRDY in the Status Register, indicates the CS5464 is in its active state and ready to receive commands. = T off + ( ∆ T × 2.737649 ⋅ 10 – 4 ) if Toff = -0.094488 and ∆T = -2.0 (°C), then T off = ( – 0.094488 + ( – 2.0 × 2.737649 ⋅ 10 –4 ) ) = – 0.09504 5.10 Power-down States The CS5464 has two power-down states, Stand-by and Sleep. In the stand-by state all circuitry except the voltage reference and crystal oscillator is turned off. To return the device to the active state, a power-up command is sent to the device. In Sleep state, all circuitry except the instruction decoder is turned off. When the power-up command is sent to the device, a system initialization is performed (See Section 5.9 System Initialization on page 21). or 0xF3D5BB (2’s compliment notation) is stored in the Temperature Offset Register (Toff). To convert the Temperature Register (T) from a Celsius scale (°C) to a Fahrenheit scale (°F) utilize the formula o 9o F = -- ( C + 17.7778 ) 5 5.11 Oscillator Characteristics XIN and XOUT are the input and output of an inverting amplifier configured as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 11. The oscillator circuit is designed to work DS682PP1 21 CS5464 with a quartz crystal. To reduce circuit cost, two load capacitors C1 and C2 are integrated in the device, from XIN to DGND, and XOUT to DGND. PCB trace lengths should be minimized to reduce stray capacitance. To drive the device from an external clock source, XOUT should be left unconnected while XIN is driven by the external circuitry. There is an amplifier between XIN and the digital section which provides CMOS level signals. This amplifier works with sinusoidal inputs so there are no problems with slow edge times. The CS5464 can be driven by an external oscillator ranging from 2.5 to 20 MHz, but the K divider value must be set such that the internal MCLK will run somewhere between 2.5 MHz and 5 MHz. The K divider value is set with the K[3:0] bits in the Configuration Register. As an example, if XIN = MCLK = 15 MHz, and K is set to 5, DCLK will equal 3 MHz, which is a valid value for DCLK. 5.12 Event Handler The INT pin is used to indicate that an internal error or event has taken place in the CS5464. Writing a logic 1 to any bit in the Mask Register allows the corresponding bit in the Status Register to activate the INT pin. The interrupt condition is cleared by writing a logic 1 to the bit that has been set in the Status Register. The behavior of the INT pin is controlled by the IMODE and IINV bits of the Configuration Register. IMODE IINV INT Pin 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Active-low Level Active-high Level Low Pulse High Pulse Table 5. Interrupt Configuration XOUT C1 If the interrupt output signal format is set for either falling or rising edge, the duration of the INT pulse will be at least one DCLK cycle (DCLK = MCLK/K). Oscillator Circuit 5.12.1 Typical Interrupt Handler The steps below show how interrupts can be handled. INITIALIZATION: XIN C2 1) All Status bits are cleared by writing 0xFFFFFF to the Status Register. C1 = C2 = 22 pF DGND 2) The condition bits which will be used to generate interrupts are then set to logic 1 in the Mask Register. 3) Enable interrupts. Figure 11. Oscillator Connection 22 DS682PP1 CS5464 INTERRUPT HANDLER ROUTINE: 4) Read the Status Register. 5) Disable all interrupts. 6) Branch to the proper interrupt service routine. 7) Clear the Status Register by writing back the read value in step 4. 8) Re-enable interrupt 9) Return from interrupt service routine. This handshaking procedure ensures that any new interrupts activated between steps 4 and 7 are not lost (cleared) by step 7. If the serial port interface becomes unsynchronized with respect to the SCLK input, any attempt to clock valid commands into the serial interface may result in unexpected operation. Therefor, the serial port interface must then be re-initialized by one of the following actions: Drive the CS pin high, then low. Hardware Reset (drive RESET pin low for at least 10 µs). Issue the Serial Port Initialization Sequence, which is 3 (or more) SYNC1 command bytes (0xFF) followed by one SYNC0 command byte (0xFE). 5.13 Serial Port Overview The CS5464 incorporates a serial port transmit and receive buffer with a command decoder that interprets one-byte (8-bit) commands as they are received. There are four types of commands: instructions, synchronizing, register writes, and register reads (See Section 5.15 Commands on page 24). Instructions are one byte in length and will interrupt any instruction currently executing. Instructions do not affect register reads currently being transmitted. Synchronizing commands are one byte in length and only affect the serial interface. Synchronizing commands do not affect operations currently in progress. Register writes must be followed by three bytes of data. Register reads can return up to four bytes of data. Commands and data are transferred most-significant bit (MSB) first. Figure 1 on page 12, defines the serial port timing and required sequence necessary for writing to and reading from the serial port receive and transmit buffer, respectively. While reading data from the serial port, commands and data can be written simultaneously. Starting a new register read command while data is being read will terminate the current read in progress. This is acceptable if the remainder of the current read data is not needed. During data reads, the serial port requires input data. If a new command and data is not sent, SYNC0 or SYNC1 must be sent. If a re-synchronization is necessary, it is best to re-initialize the part either by hardware or software reset (command 0x80), as the state of the part may be unknown. 5.14 Register Paging Read/write commands access one of the 32 registers within a specified page. By default, Page = 0. To access registers in another page, the Page Register (address 0x1F) must be written with the desired page number. 0xFFF ROM 2048 Words Pages 0x40 - 0x7F 0x800 0x7FF Hardware Registers* 32 Pages 0x400 0x3FF Software Register* 32 Pages Pages 0x20 - 0x3F Pages 0 - 0x1F 0x000 * Accessed using register read/write commands. 5.13.1 Serial Port Interface The serial port interface is a “4-wire” synchronous serial communications interface. The interface is enabled to start excepting SCLKs when CS (Chip Select) is asserted (logic 0). SCLK (Serial bit-clock) is a Schmitt-trigger input that is used to strobe the data on SDI (Serial Data In) into the receive buffer and out of the transmit buffer onto SDO (Serial Data Out). Example: Figure 12. CS5464 Memory Map Reading register 6 in page 3. 1. Write 3 to page register with command and data: 0x7E 0x00 0x00 0x03 2. Read register 6 with command: 0x0C 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF DS682PP1 23 CS5464 5.15 Commands All commands are 8 bits in length. Any command byte value that is not listed in this section is invalid. Commands that write to registers must be followed by 3 bytes of data. Commands that read data can be chained with other commands (e.g., while reading data, a new command can be sent which can execute during the original read). All commands except register reads, register writes, and SYNC0 & SYNC1 will abort any currently executing commands. 5.15.1 Start Conversions B7 1 B6 1 B5 1 B4 0 B3 C3 B2 0 B1 0 B0 0 Initiates acquiring measurements and calculating results. The device has two modes of acquisition. C3 Modes of acquisition/measurement 0 = Perform a single computation cycle 1 = Perform continuous computation cycles 5.15.2 SYNC0 and SYNC1 B7 1 B6 1 B5 1 B4 1 B3 1 B2 1 B1 1 B0 SYNC The serial port is resynchronized to byte boundaries by sending three or more consecutive SYNC1 commands followed by a SYNC0 command. The SYNC0 or SYNC1 commands can also be used as a NOP command. SYNC Designates calibration 0 = This command is the end of the serial port re-initialization sequence. 1 = This command is part of the serial port re-initialization sequence. 5.15.3 Power-down, Power-up, Halt and Software Reset B7 1 B6 0 B5 S1 B4 S0 B3 0 B2 0 B1 0 B0 0 To conserve power the CS5464 has two power-down states. In stand-by state all circuitry, except the analog/digital clock generators, is turned off. In the sleep state all circuitry, except the digital clock generator and the command decoder, is turned off. Bringing the CS5464 out of sleep state requires more time than out of stand-by state, because of the extra time needed to re-start and re-stabilize the analog clock signal. If the device is powered-down, Power-Up/Halt will initiate a power on reset. If the part is already powered-on, all computations will be halted. S[1:0] Power-down state 00 = Software Reset 01 = Halt and enter sleep power saving state. This state requires a slow power-on time 10 = Power-up and Halt 11 = Halt and enter stand-by power saving state. This state allows quick power-on time 24 DS682PP1 CS5464 5.15.4 Register Read/Write B7 0 B6 W/R B5 RA4 B4 RA3 B3 RA2 B2 RA1 B1 RA0 B0 0 The Read/Write informs the command decoder that a register access is required. During a read operation, the addressed register is loaded into the device’s output buffer and clocked out by SCLK. During a write operation, the data is clocked into the input buffer and transferred to the addressed register upon completion of the 24th SCLK. W/R Write/Read control 0 = Read register 1 = Write register Register address bits (bits 5 through 1) of the read/write command. RA[4:0] Page 0 Address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 RA[4:0] 00000 00001 00010 00011 00100 00101 00110 00111 01000 01001 01010 01011 01100 01101 01110 01111 10000 10001 10010 10011 10100 10101 10110 10111 11000 11001 11010 11011 11100 11101 11110 11111 Name Config I V P PActive IRMS VRMS I2 V2 P2 P2Active I2RMS V2RMS QAvg Q Status Q2Avg Q2 Ipeak Vpeak S PF I2peak V2peak S2 PF2 Mask T Ctrl Ppulse Spulse Qpulse / Page Description Configuration Instantaneous Current Instantaneous Voltage Instantaneous Power Average Active (Real) Power RMS Current RMS Voltage Instantaneous Current 2 Instantaneous Voltage 2 Instantaneous Power 2 Average Active (Real) Power 2 RMS Current 2 RMS Voltage 2 Average Reactive Power Instantaneous Reactive Power Status (Write of ‘1’ to status bit will clear the bit) Average Reactive Power 2 Instantaneous Reactive Power 2 Peak Current Peak Voltage Apparent Power Power Factor Peak Current 2 Peak Voltage 2 Apparent Power 2 Power Factor 2 Mask Temperature Control Active Energy Pulse Output Accumulator Apparent Energy Pulse Output Accumulator Reactive Energy Pulse Output Accumulator (read only) and Page (write only) Note: For proper operation, do not attempt to write to unspecified registers. DS682PP1 25 CS5464 Page1 Address 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 28 Page2 Address 0 1 4 5 8 9 12 13 RA[4:0] 00000 00001 00100 00101 01000 01001 01100 01101 Name VSAGduration VSAGlevel ISAGduration ISAGlevel V2SAGduration V2SAGlevel I2SAGduration I2SAGlevel Description VSAG Duration VSAG Level ISAG Duration ISAG Level VSAG Duration 2 VSAG Level 2 ISAG Duration 2 ISAG Level 2 RA[4:0] 00000 00001 00010 00011 00100 00101 00110 00111 01000 01001 01010 01011 01100 01101 01111 10000 10001 10010 10011 10100 10101 10110 10111 11100 Name Idcoff Ign Vdcoff Vgn Poff Iacoff Vacoff I2dcoff I2gn V2dcoff V2gn P2off I2acoff V2acoff PulseRateE Mode Epsilon Tamperlevel Cycle Count QTrig Q2Trig TGain Toff SYSgain Description Current DC offset Current Gain Calibration Voltage DC offset Voltage Gain Calibration Power Offset Current AC (RMS) offset Voltage AC (RMS) offset Current DC offset 2 Current Gain Calibration 2 Voltage DC offset 2 Voltage Gain Calibration 2 Power Offset 2 Current AC (RMS) offset 2 Voltage AC (RMS) offset 2 Sets the energy-to-frequency output pulse rate Operational Modes Epsilon Sets tamper threshold level Number of conversions in one computation cycle (N) Reactive Power calculated from Power Triangle Reactive Power calculated from Power Triangle 2 Temperature Sensor Gain Temperature Sensor Offset System Gain Note: For proper operation, do not attempt to write to unspecified registers. 26 DS682PP1 CS5464 5.15.5 Calibration B7 1 B6 0 B5 CAL5 B4 CAL4 B3 CAL3 B2 CAL2 B1 CAL1 B0 CAL0 The CS5464 can perform system calibrations. Proper input signals must be applied to the current and voltage channel before performing a designated calibration. CAL[5:4]* Designates calibration to be performed 00 = Channel DC offset 01 = Channel DC gain 10 = Channel AC offset 11 = Channel AC gain Designates channel to calibrate 0001 = Current channel 0010 = Voltage channel 0100 = Current channel 2 1000 = Voltage channel 2 CAL[3:0]* *By utilizing different combinations for CAL[3:0], multiple channels can be calibrated simultaneously, e.g. CAL[5:0] = 001111 commands the CS5464 to perform a DC offset calibration on all four channels. Values for CAL[5:0] not specified should not be used. DS682PP1 27 CS5464 6. REGISTER DESCRIPTION 1. 2. “Default” = bit status after power-on or reset Any bit not labeled is Reserved. A zero should always be used when writing to one of these bits. 6.1 Page 0 Registers 6.1.1 Configuration (Config) Register Address: 0 23 PC[7] 15 EWA 7 22 PC[6] 14 6 21 PC[5] 13 5 20 PC[4] 12 IMODE 4 iCPU 19 PC[3] 11 IINV 3 K[3] 18 PC[2] 10 2 K[2] 17 PC[1] 9 1 K[1] 16 PC[0] 8 0 K[0] Default = 0x000001 PC[7:0] EWA Phase compensation. Sets a delay in the voltage channel relative to the current channel 1. Default setting is 00000000 = 0.0215 degree phase delay at 60 Hz (when MCLK = 4.096 MHz). Allows the E1 and E2 pins to be configured as open-collector output pins. 0 = Normal outputs (default) 1 = Only the pull-down device of the E1 and E2 pins are active Soft interrupt configuration bits. Select the desired pin behavior for indication of an interrupt. 00 = Active-low level (default) 01 = Active-high level 10 = Low pulse 11 = High pulse Inverts the CPUCLK clock. In order to reduce the level of noise present when analog signals are sampled, the logic driven by CPUCLK should not be active during the sample edge. 0 = Normal operation (default) 1 = Minimize noise when CPUCLK is driving rising edge logic Clock divider. A 4-bit binary number used to divide the value of MCLK to generate the internal clock DCLK. The internal clock frequency is DCLK = MCLK/K. The value of K can range between 1 and 16. Note that a value of “0000” will set K to 16 (not zero). K = 1 at reset. IMODE, IINV iCPU K[3:0] 28 DS682PP1 CS5464 6.1.2 Instantaneous Current (I, I2), Voltage (V, V2), and Power (P, P2) Registers Address: 1 (I), 2 (V), 3 (P), 7 (I2), 8 (V2), 9 (P2) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 I (I2) and V (V2)contain the instantaneous measured values for current and voltage, respectively. The instantaneous voltage (voltage 2) and current (current 2) samples are multiplied to obtain Instantaneous Power, P (P2). The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ I, V, P < 1.0 (-1.0 ≤ I2, V2, P2 < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.1.3 Active (Real) Power (PActive, P2Active) Registers Address: 4 (PActive), 10 (P2Active) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 The instantaneous power is averaged over each computation cycle (N conversions) to compute Active Power, PActive (P2Active). The value will be within in the range of -1.0 ≤ PActive< 1.0 (-1.0 ≤ P2Active< 1.0). The value is represented in two's complement notation, with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.1.4 RMS Current (IRMS, I2RMS) & Voltage (VRMS, V2RMS) Registers Address: 5 (IRMS), 6 (VRMS), 11 (I2RMS), 12 (V2RMS) MSB 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 ..... 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23 LSB 2-24 IRMS (I2RMS) and VRMS (V2RMS) contain the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of I (I2) and V (V2), calculated each computation cycle. The value is represented in unsigned binary notation and in the range of 0.0 ≤ IRMS, VRMS < 1.0 (0.0 ≤ I2RMS, V2RMS < 1.0), with the binary point to the left of the MSB. 6.1.5 Instantaneous Reactive Power (Q, Q2) Registers Address: 14 (Q), 17 (Q2) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 The Instantaneous Reactive Power (Q, Q2) is the product of the voltage (voltage 2) signal, shifted 90 degrees, and the current (current 2) signal. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 < Q < 1.0 (1.0 < Q2 < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.1.6 Average Reactive Power (QAvg, Q2Avg) Registers Address: 13 (QAvg), 16 (Q2Avg) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 The Average Reactive Power (QAVG, Q2AVG) is Q (Q2) averaged over N samples. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 < QAVG < 1.0 (-1.0 < Q2AVG < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. DS682PP1 29 CS5464 6.1.7 Status (Status) and Mask (Mask) Register Address: 15 (Status); 26 (Mask) 23 DRDY 15 E2OR 7 TUP 22 I2OR 14 IROR 6 V2OD 21 V2OR 13 VROR 5 I2OD 20 CRDY 12 EOR 4 VOD 19 I2ROR 11 IFAULT 3 IOD 18 V2ROR 10 VSAG 2 LSD 17 IOR 9 I2FAULT 1 FUP 16 VOR 8 V2SAG 0 IC Default = 0x800001 (Status Register), 0x000000 (Mask Register) The Status Register indicates status within the chip. In normal operation, writing a '1' to a bit will cause the bit to reset. Writing a '0' to a bit will not change it’s current state. The Mask Register is used to control the activation of the INT pin. Placing a logic '1' in a Mask bit will allow the corresponding bit in the Status Register to activate the INT pin when the status bit is asserted. DRDY IOR (I2OR) VOR (V2OR) CRDY IROR (I2ROR) VROR (V2ROR) EOR (E2OR) Data Ready. During conversions, this bit will indicate the end of computation cycles. For calibrations, this bit indicates the end of a calibration sequence. Current Out of Range. Set when the magnitude of the measured current value causes the I (I2) register to overflow. Voltage Out of Range. Set when the magnitude of the measured voltage value causes the V (V2) register to overflow. Conversion Ready. Indicates a new conversion is ready. This will occur at the output word rate. RMS Current Out of Range. Set when the calculated RMS current value causes the IRMS (I2RMS) register to overflow. RMS Voltage Out of Range. Set when the calculated RMS voltage value causes the VRMS (V2RMS) register to overflow. Energy Out of Range. Set when PActive (P2Active) overflows. IFAULT (I2FAULT) Indicates a current fault occurred in the power line current. If the absolute value of the instantaneous current is less than ISAGlevel (I2SAGlevel) for more than half of the ISAGduration (I2SAGduration), the IFAULT (I2FAULT) bit will be set. VSAG (V2SAG) Indicates a voltage sag occurred in the power line voltage. If the absolute value of the instantaneous voltage is less than VSAGlevel (V2SAGlevel) for more than half of the VSAGduration (V2SAGduration), the VSAG (V2SAG) bit will be set. Temperature Updated. Indicates a temperature conversion is ready. Modulator Oscillation Detected on the voltage (voltage 2) channel. Set when the modulator oscillates due to an input above full scale. The level at which the modulator oscillates is significantly higher than the voltage (voltage 2) channel’s differential input voltage range. Modulator Oscillation Detected on the current (current 2) channel. Set when the modulator oscillates due to an input above full scale. The level at which the modulator oscillates is significantly higher than the current (current 2) channel’s differential input voltage range. Note: The IOD (I2OD) and VOD (V2OD) bits may be ‘falsely’ triggered by very brief voltage TUP VOD (V2OD) IOD (I2OD) 30 DS682PP1 CS5464 spikes from the power line. This event should not be confused with a DC overload situation at the inputs, when the IOD (I2OD) and VOD (V2OD) bits will re-assert themselves even after being cleared, multiple times. LSD Low Supply Detect. Set when the voltage at the PFMON pin falls below the low-voltage threshold (PMLO), with respect to AGND pin. For a given part, PMLO can be as low as 2.3 V. LSD bit cannot be permanently reset until the voltage at PFMON pin rises back above the high-voltage threshold (PMHI), which is typically 100 mV above the device’s low-voltage threshold. PMHI will never be greater than 2.7 V. Epsilon Updated. Indicates an update to the epsilon value has been placed in the register. Invalid Command. Normally logic 1. Set to logic 0 if the host interface is strobed with an 8-bit word that is not recognized as one of the valid commands (see See Section 5.15 Commands on page 24). FUP IC 6.1.8 Peak Current (Ipeak, I2peak) and Peak Voltage (Vpeak, V2peak) Register Address: 18 (Ipeak), 19 (Vpeak), 22 (I2peak), 23 (V2peak) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 The Peak Current (Ipeak, I2peak) and Peak Voltage (Vpeak, V2peak) registers contain the instantaneous current and voltage with the greatest magnitude detected during the last computation cycle. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ Ipeak, Vpeak < 1.0 (-1.0 ≤ I2peak, V2peak < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.1.9 Apparent Power (S, S2) Register Address: 20 (S), 24 (S2) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 Apparent power S (S2) is the product of the VRMS and IRMS (V2RMS and I2RMS), The value is represented in unsigned notation and in the range of 0 ≤ S < 1.0 (0 ≤ S2 < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.1.10 Power Factor (PF, PF2) Register Address: 21, 25 MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 Power Factor is calculated by dividing the Active (Real) Power by Apparent Power. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ PF < 1.0 (-1.0 ≤ PF2 < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. DS682PP1 31 CS5464 6.1.11 Temperature (T) Register Address: 27 MSB -(27) 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 ..... 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 LSB 2-16 T contains measurements from the on-chip temperature sensor. Measurements are performed during continuous conversions, with the default the Celsius scale (oC). The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -128.0 ≤ T < 128.0, with the binary point to the right of the eighth MSB. 6.1.12 Control (Crtl) Register Register Address: 28 23 PC2[7] 15 7 22 PC2[6] 14 6 21 PC2[5] 13 5 Igain 20 PC2[4] 12 I2gain 4 INTOD 19 PC2[3] 11 3 18 PC2[2] 10 2 NOCPU 17 PC2[1] 9 1 NOOSC 16 PC2[0] 8 STOP 0 - Default = 0x000000 PC2[7:0] Igain (I2gain) Phase compensation. Sets a delay in the voltage channel relative to current channel 2. Default setting is 00000000 = 0.0215 degree phase delay at 60 Hz (when MCLK = 4.096 MHz). Sets the gain of the current (current 2) PGA. 0 = Gain is 10 (default) 1 = Gain is 50 Terminates the auto-boot sequence. 0 = Normal (default) 1 = Stop sequence Converts INT output pin to an open drain output. 0 = Normal (default) 1 = Open drain Saves power by disabling the CPUCLK pin. 0 = Normal (default) 1 = Disables CPUCLK Saves power by disabling the crystal oscillator. 0 = Normal (default) 1 = Disabling oscillator circuit STOP INTOD NOCPU NOOSC 32 DS682PP1 CS5464 6.1.13 Active Energy Pulse Output Accumulator (Ppulse) Register Address: 29 MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 The Active Energy Pulse Output Accumulator (Ppulse) contains the sum of the active power and is used to drive the pulse output. If a tamper condition is detected, this register is equal to P2Active. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ Ppulse < 1.0, with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.1.14 Apparent Energy Pulse Output Accumulator (Spulse) Register Address: 30 MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 The Apparent Energy Pulse Output Accumulator (Spulse) contains the apparent power and is used to drive the pulse output. This result is updated after each computation cycle. If a tamper condition is detected, this register is equal to S2. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ Spulse < 1.0, with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.1.15 Reactive Energy Pulse Output Accumulator (Qpulse) Register Address: 31 (read only) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 The Reactive Energy Pulse Output Accumulator (Qpulse) contains the sum of the reactive power and is used to drive the pulse output. If a tamper condition is detected, this register is equal to Q2Avg. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ Qpulse < 1.0, with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.1.16 Page Register Address: 31 (write only) MSB 26 25 24 23 22 21 LSB 20 Default = 0x00 Determines which register page the serial port will access. DS682PP1 33 CS5464 6.2 Page 1 Registers 6.2.1 Current DC Offset (Idcoff, I2dcoff) and Voltage DC Offset (Vdcoff, V2dcoff) Registers Address: 0 (Idcoff), 2 (Vdcoff), 7 (I2dcoff), 9 (V2dcoff) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 Default = 0x000000 The DC Offset registers (Idcoff,Vdcoff, I2dcoff,V2dcoff) are initialized to 0.0 on reset. When DC Offset calibration is performed, the register is updated with the DC offset measured over a computation cycle. DRDY will be set at the end of the calibration. This register may be read and stored for future system offset compensation. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ Idcoff, Vdcoff < 1.0 (-1.0 ≤ I2dcoff, V2dcoff < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. See Section 7.1.2.1 DC Offset Calibration Sequence on page 39 for more information. 6.2.2 Current Gain (Ign, I2gn) and Voltage Gain (Vgn, V2gn) Registers Address: 1 (Ign), 3 (Vgn), 8 (I2gn), 10 (V2gn) MSB 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 ..... 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 LSB 2-22 Default = 0x400000 = 1.000 The gain registers (Ign,Vgn, I2gn,V2gn) are initialized to 1.0 on reset. When either a AC or DC Gain calibration is performed, the register is updated with the gain measured over a computation cycle. DRDY will be set at the end of the calibration. This register may be read and stored for future system gain compensation. The value is in the range 0.0 ≤ Ign,Vgn < 3.9999 (0.0 ≤ I2gn,V2gn < 3.9999), with the binary point to the right of the second MSB. 6.2.3 Power Offset (Poff, P2off) Registers Address: 4 (Poff), 11 (P2off) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 Default = 0x000000 Power Offset (Poff, P2off) is added to the instantaneous power being accumulated in the Pactive (P2active) register, and can be used to offset contributions to the energy result that are caused by undesirable sources of energy that are inherent in the system. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ Poff < 1.0 (-1.0 ≤ P2off < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.2.4 Current AC Offset (Iacoff, I2acoff) and Voltage AC Offset (Vacoff, V2acoff) Registers Address: 5 (Iacoff), 6 (Vacoff), 12 (I2acoff), 13 (V2acoff) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 Default = 0x000000 The AC Offset Registers (Vacoff, Iacoff, V2acoff, I2acoff) are initialized to zero on reset, allowing for uncalibrated normal operation. AC Offset Calibration updates these registers. This sequence lasts approximately (6N + 30) ADC cycles (where N is the value of the Cycle Count Register). DRDY will be asserted at the end of the calibration. 34 DS682PP1 CS5464 These values may be read and stored for future system AC offset compensation. The value is represented in two's complement notation in the range of -1.0 ≤ Vacoff, Iacoff < 1.0 (-1.0 ≤ V2acoff, I2acoff < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.2.5 PulseRateE Register Address: 15 MSB -(2 0) LSB 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23 Default = 0x800000 = 1.00 (2 kHz @ 4.096 MHz MCLK) PulseRateE sets the frequency of E1, E2, & E3 pulses. E1, E2, E3 frequency = (MCLK x PulseRateE) / 2048 at full scale. For a 4 khz sample rate, the maximum pulse rate is 2 khz. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range is -1.0 ≤ PulseRateE < 1.0, with the binary point to the right of the MSB. Negative values have the same effect as positive. See Section 5.5 Energy Pulse Output on page 18 for more information. 6.2.6 Operational Mode (Mode) Register Address: 16 23 TAMPER 15 7 IHPF2 22 14 6 VHPF 21 13 5 IHPF 20 12 TOFF 4 19 11 3 E3MODE[1] 18 10 E2MODE[1] 2 E3MODE[0] 17 9 E2MODE[0] 1 POS 16 8 VHPF2 0 AFC Default = 0x000000 TAMPER Indicates when the meter has been tampered with. 0 = Normal operation. Energy is registered using P. (default) 1 = Tamper condition has been detected. Energy is registered using P2. Tamper Detection Off 0 = Enables tamper detection. (default) 1 = Disables tamper detection. E2 Output Mode 00 = Sign of Active Power (default) 01 = Apparent Power 10 = Tamper Detect 11 = Reserved TOFF E2MODE[1:0] VHPF2:IHPF2 High-pass Filter Enable 00 = High-pass filter disabled on voltage channel 2 & current channel 2 (default) 01 = High-pass filter enabled on current channel 2 with all-pass filter on voltage channel 2 10 = High-pass filter enabled on voltage channel 2 with all-pass filter on current channel 2 11 = High-pass filter enabled on voltage channel 2 & current channel 2 VHPF:IHPF High-pass Filter Enable 00 = High-pass filter disabled on voltage channel 1 & current channel 1 (default) 01 = High-pass filter enabled on current channel 1 with all-pass filter on voltage channel 1 10 = High-pass filter enabled on voltage channel 1 with all-pass filter on current channel 1 11 = High-pass filter enabled on voltage channel 1 & current channel 1 DS682PP1 35 CS5464 E3MODE1:0 E3 Output Mode 00 = Reactive Power (default) 01 = PFMON 10 = Voltage sign 11 = Apparent Power Positive Energy Only. Negative energy pulses on E1 are suppressed. However, negative P register results will NOT be suppressed. Enables automatic line frequency measurement and sets the frequency of the local sine/cosine generator used in fundamental/harmonic measurements. When AFC is enabled, the Epsilon register will be updated periodically. POS AFC 6.2.7 Epsilon (ε) Register Address: 17 MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 Default = 0x01999A = 0.0125 sec Epsilon (ε) is the ratio of the input line frequency to the sample frequency of the ADC (See Section 5.4 Performing Measurements on page 17). Epsilon is either written to the register, or measured during conversions. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ ε < 1.0, with the binary point to the right of the MSB. Negative values have no significance. 6.2.8 Tamper Threshold (Tamperlevel) Register Address: 18 MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 Default = 828F5C = 2% Tamper Threshold (Tamperlevel) sets the level at which the two active powers, PActive or P2Active, can differ before a tamper condition is detected. When this threshold is reached the CS5464 will use the higher of the two power calculation in the pulse out accumulation registers. The value is represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ Tamperlevel < 1.0, with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.2.9 Cycle Count Register Address: 19 MSB 223 222 221 220 219 218 217 216 ..... 26 25 24 23 22 21 LSB 20 Default = 0x000FA0 = 4000 Cycle Count, denoted as N, determines the length of one computation cycle. During continuous conversions, the computation cycle frequency is (MCLK/K)/(1024∗N). A one second computational cycle period occurs when MCLK = 4.096 MHz, K = 1, and N = 4000. The Cycle Count register must be ≥ 2. 36 DS682PP1 CS5464 6.2.10 Reactive Power (QTrig, Q2Trig) Registers Address: 20 (QTrig), 21 (Q2Trig) MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 The Reactive Power (QTrig, Q2Trig) is calculated using trigonometric identities. (See Section 4.3 Power Measurements on page 15). The value is represented in unsigned notation and in the range of 0 ≤ QTrig < 1.0 (0 ≤ Q2Trig < 1.0), with the binary point to the right of the MSB. 6.2.11 Temperature Gain (TGain) Register Address: 2 MSB 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 ..... 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 LSB 2-17 Default = 0x34E2E7 = 26.443169117 Temperature gain (TGain) is utilized to convert from one temperature scale to another. The Celsius scale (oC) is the default. Values will be within in the range of 0 ≤ TGain < 128. The value is represented in unsigned notation, with the binary point to the right of bit 7th MSB. 6.2.12 Temperature Offset (Toff) Register Address: 3 MSB -(20) 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 ..... 2-17 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 LSB 2-23 Default = 0xF38701 = -0.0974425 Temperature offset (Toff) is used to remove the temperature channel’s offset at the zero-degree reading. Values are represented in two's complement notation and in the range of -1.0 ≤ Toff < 1.0, with the binary point to the right of the MSB. DS682PP1 37 CS5464 6.3 Page 2 Registers 6.3.1 Voltage Sag Duration (VSAGduration, V2SAGduration) Registers Address: 0 (VSAGduration), 8 (V2SAGduration) MSB 0 LSB 222 221 220 219 218 217 216 ..... 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Default = 0x000000 Voltage Sag Duration (VSAGduration, V2SAGduration) defines the number of instantaneous measurements utilized to determine a sag event. Setting these register to zero will disable this feature. The value is represented in unsigned notation. See Section 5.6 Sag and Fault Detect Feature on page 20 6.3.2 Current Fault Duration (ISAGduration, I2SAGduration) Registers Address: 4 (ISAGduration), 12 (I2SAGduration) MSB 0 LSB 222 221 220 219 218 217 216 ..... 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Default = 0x000000 Current Fault Duration (ISAGduration, I2SAGduration) defines the number of instantaneous measurements utilized to determine a sag event. Setting these register to zero will disable this feature. The value is represented in unsigned notation. See Section 5.6 Sag and Fault Detect Feature on page 20. 6.3.3 Voltage Sag Level (VSAGlevel, V2SAGLevel) Registers Address: 1 (VSAGlevel), 9 (V2SAGlevel) MSB 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 ..... 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23 LSB 2-24 Default = 0x000000 Voltage Sag Level (VSAGlevel), V2SAGlevel) defines the voltage level that the magnitude of input samples, averaged over the sag duration, must fall below in order to register a sag condition. These value are represented in unsigned notation and in the range of 0 ≤ VSAGlevel < 1.0 (0 ≤ V2SAGlevel < 1.0), with the binary point to the left of the MSB. See Section 5.6 Sag and Fault Detect Feature on page 20. 6.3.4 Current Fault Level (ISAGlevel, I2SAGlevel) Registers Address: 5 (ISAGlevel), 13 (I2SAGlevel) MSB 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 ..... 2-18 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23 LSB 2-24 Default = 0x000000 Current Fault Level (ISAGlevel, I2SAGlevel) defines the voltage level that the magnitude of input samples, averaged over the fault duration, must fall below in order to register a fault condition. These value are represented in unsigned notation and in the range of 0 ≤ ISAGlevel < 1.0 (0 ≤ I2SAGlevel < 1.0), with the binary point to the left of the MSB. See Section 5.6 Sag and Fault Detect Feature on page 20. 38 DS682PP1 CS5464 7. SYSTEM CALIBRATION 7.1 Channel Offset and Gain Calibration The CS5464 provides digital DC offset and gain compensation that can be applied to the instantaneous voltage and current measurements, and AC offset compensation to the voltage and current RMS calculations. Since the voltage and current channels have independent offset and gain registers, system offset and/or gain can be performed on either channel without the calibration results from one channel affecting the other. The computational flow of the calibration sequences are illustrated in Figure 13. The flow applies to both the voltage channel and current channel. N + 30 conversion cycles to complete. For AC offset calibrations, the sequence takes at least 6N + 30 ADC cycles to complete, (about 6 computation cycles). As N is increased, the accuracy of calibration results will increase. 7.1.2 Offset Calibration Sequence For DC and AC offset calibrations, the VIN± (V2IN±) pins of the voltage and IIN± (I2IN±) pins of the current channels should be connected to their ground reference level. (see Figure 14.) External Connections + AIN+ 0V + CM + AINXGAIN + 7.1.1 Calibration Sequence The CS5464 must be operating in its active state and ready to accept valid commands. Refer to 5.15 Commands on page 24. The calibration algorithms are dependent on the value N in the Cycle Count Register (see Figure 13). Upon completion, the results of the calibration are available in their corresponding register. The DRDY bit in the Status Register will be set. If the DRDY bit is to be output on the INT pin, then DRDY bit in the Mask Register must be set. The initial values in the AC gain and offset registers do affect the results of the calibration results. Figure 14. System Calibration of Offset The AC offset registers must be set to the default (0x000000). 7.1.2.1 DC Offset Calibration Sequence Channel gain should be set to 1.0 when performing DC offset calibration. Initiate a DC offset calibration. The DC offset registers are updated with the negative of the average of the instantaneous samples collected over a computational cycle. Upon completion of the DC offset calibration the DC offset is stored in the corresponding DC offset register. The DC offset value will be added to Instantaneous V, I, V2, I2 7.1.1.1 Duration of Calibration Sequence The value of the Cycle Count Register (N) determines the number of conversions performed by the CS5464 during a given calibration sequence. For DC offset and gain calibrations, the calibration sequence takes at least In Modulator Filter + + X X + DC Offset Idcoff, Vdcoff, I2dcoff, V2dcoff Σ N ÷N √ + + + RMS IRMS, VRMS, I2RMS, V2RMS Gain Ign, Vgn, I2gn, V2gn Σ N Iacoff, Vacoff, I2acoff, V2acoff AC Offset Inverse ÷N -1 X -1 X 0.6 RMS = NAMES OF READABLE/WRITABLE REGISTERS. Figure 13. Calibration Data Flow DS682PP1 39 CS5464 each instantaneous measurement to nullify the DC component present in the system during conversion commands. measurement will be multiplied by its corresponding AC gain value. A typical rms calibration value which allows for reasonable over-range margin would be 0.6 or 60% of the voltage and current channel’s maximum input voltage level. Two examples of AC gain calibration and the updated digital output codes of the channel’s instantaneous data registers are shown in Figure 16 and 17. Figure 17 Before AC Gain Calibration (Vgn Register = 1) 250 mV Sinewave 7.1.2.2 AC Offset Calibration Sequence Corresponding offset registers Iacoff (I2acoff) and/or Vacoff (V2acoff) should be cleared prior to initiating AC offset calibrations. Initiate an AC offset calibration.The AC offset registers are updated with an offset value that reflects the RMS output level. Upon completion of the AC offset calibration the AC offset is stored in the corresponding AC offset register. The AC offset register value is subtracted from each successive VRMS and IRMS calculation. 0.9999... 0.92 Instantaneous Voltage Register Values -0.92 -1.0000... 230 mV INPUT 0V SIGNAL -230 mV 7.1.3 Gain Calibration Sequence When performing gain calibrations, a reference signal should be applied to the VIN± (V2IN±) pins of the voltage and IIN± (I2IN±) pins of the current channels that represents the desired maximum signal level. Figure 15 shows the basic setup for gain calibration. External Connections R eference + Signal - -250 mV VRMS Register = 230/√2 x 1/250 ≈ 0.65054 After AC Gain Calibration (Vgn Register changed to approx. 0.9223) 250 mV Sinewave 0.92231 0.84853 Instantaneous Voltage Register Values -0.84853 -0.92231 230 mV IN+ + XG AIN + - INPUT 0V SIGNAL -230 mV -250 mV CM VRMS Register = 0.600000 + - IN- Figure 16. Example of AC Gain Calibration Figure 15. System Calibration of Gain. Before AC Gain Calibration (Vgain Register = 1) 250 mV 230 mV DC Signal For gain calibrations, there is an absolute limit on the RMS voltage levels that are selected for the gain calibration input signals. The maximum value that the gain registers can attain is 4. Therefore, if the signal level of the applied input is low enough that it causes the CS5464 to attempt to set either gain register higher than 4, the gain calibration result will be invalid and all CS5464 results obtained while performing measurements will be invalid. If the channel gain registers are initially set to a gain other than 1.0, AC gain calibration should be used. 0.9999... 0.92 Instantaneous Voltage Register Values INPUT 0 V SIGNAL -250 mV 230 VRMS Register = 250 = 0.92 -1.0000... After AC Gain Calibration (Vgain Register changed to approx. 0.65217) 250 mV 230 mV DC Signal 0.65217 0.6000 Instantaneous Voltage Register Values 7.1.3.1 AC Gain Calibration Sequence The corresponding gain register should be set to 1.0, unless a different initial gain value is desired. Initiate an AC gain calibration. The AC gain calibration algorithm computes the RMS value of the reference signal applied to the channel inputs. The RMS register value is then divided into 0.6 and the quotient is stored in the corresponding gain register. Each instantaneous INPUT 0V SIGNAL -250 mV -0.65217 VRMS Register = 0.600000 Figure 17. Example of AC Gain Calibration 40 DS682PP1 CS5464 shows that a positive (or negative) DC-level signal can be used even though an AC gain calibration is being executed. However, an AC signal cannot be used for DC gain calibration. multiplying the AC offset register value that was calculated in step 2 by the gain calculated in step 3 and updating the AC offset register with the product. 7.2 Phase Compensation The CS5464 is equipped with phase compensation to cancel out phase shifts introduced by the measurement element. Phase Compensation is set by bits PC[7:0] (for channel 1) in the Configuration Register and bits PC2[7:0] (for channel 2) in the Control Register The default value of PC[7:0] (PC2[7:0]) is zero. With MCLK = 4.096 MHz and K = 1, the phase compensation has a range of ±5.4 degrees when the input signals are 60 Hz. Under these conditions, each step of the phase compensation register (value of one LSB) is approximately 0.04 degrees. For values of MCLK other than 4.096 MHz, the range and step size should be scaled by 4.096 MHz/(MCLK/K). For power line frequencies other than 60Hz, the values of the range and step size of the PC[7:0] (PC2[7:0]) bits can be determined by converting the above values from angular measurement into the time domain (seconds), and then computing the new range and step size (in degrees) with respect to the new line frequency. To calculate the phase shift induced between the voltage and the current channel use the equation: o Freq × 360 × PC [ 7:0 ] = -------------------------------------------------( MCLK ⁄ K ) ⁄ 8 7.1.3.2 DC Gain Calibration Sequence Initiate a DC gain calibration. The corresponding gain register is restored to default (1.0). The DC gain calibration averages the channel’s instantaneous measurements over one computation cycle (N samples). The average is then divided into 1.0 and the quotient is stored in the corresponding gain register After the DC gain calibration, the instantaneous register will read at full-scale whenever the DC level of the input signal is equal to the level of the DC calibration signal applied to the inputs during the DC gain calibration.The HPF option should not be enabled if DC gain calibration is utilized. 7.1.4 Order of Calibration Sequences 1. If the HPF option is enabled, any DC component that may be present in the selected signal path will be removed and a DC offset calibration is not required. However, if the HPF option is disabled the DC offset calibration sequence should be performed. When using high-pass filters, it is recommended that the DC Offset register for the corresponding channel be set to zero. When performing DC offset calibration, the corresponding gain channel should be set to one. 2. If there is an AC offset in the VRMS or IRMS calculation, the AC offset calibration sequence should be performed. 3. Perform the gain calibration sequence. 4. Finally, if an AC offset calibration was performed (step 2), the AC offset may need to be adjusted to compensate for the change in gain (step 3). This can be accomplished by restoring zero to the AC offset register and then perform an AC offset calibration sequence. The adjustment could also be done by Phase Freq = Line Frequency [Hz] PC[7:0] = 2’s Compliment number in the range of -128 < PC[7:0} < 127 7.3 Active Power Offset The Power Offset Register can be used to offset system power sources that may be resident in the system, but do not originate from the power line signal. These sources of extra energy in the system contribute undesirable and false offsets to the power and energy measurement results. After determining the amount of stray power, the Power Offset Register can be set to cancel the effects of this unwanted energy. DS682PP1 41 CS5464 8. AUTO-BOOT MODE USING E2PROM When the CS5464 MODE pin is asserted (logic 1), the CS5464 auto-boot mode is enabled. In auto-boot mode, the CS5464 downloads the required commands and register data from an external serial E2PROM, allowing the CS5464 to begin performing energy measurements. 8.2 Auto-boot Data for E2PROM Below is an example code set for an auto-boot sequence. This code is written into the E2PROM by the user. The serial data for such a sequence is shown below in single-byte hexidecimal notation: -7E 00 00 01 Change to page 1. -60 00 01 E0 Write Operation Mode Register, turn high-pass filters on. -42 7F C4 A9 Write value of 0x7FC4A9 to Current Gain Register. -46 FF B2 53 Write value of 0xFFB253 to Voltage Gain Register. -50 7F C4 A9 Write value of 0x7FC4A9 to Current 2 Gain Register. -54 FF B2 53 Write value of 0xFFB253 to Voltage 2 Gain Register. -7E 00 00 00 Change to page 0. -74 00 00 04 Unmask bit #2 (LSD) in the Mask Register. -E8 Start continuous conversions -78 00 01 00 Write STOP bit to Control Register, to terminate auto-boot initialization sequence. 8.1 Auto-boot Configuration A typical auto-boot serial connection between the CS5464 and a E2PROM is illustrated in Figure 18. In auto-boot mode, the CS5464’s CS and SCLK are configured as outputs. The CS5464 asserts CS (logic 0), provides a clock on SCLK, and sends a read command to the E2PROM on SDO. The CS5464 reads the user-specified commands and register data presented on the SDI pin. The E2PROM’s programmed data is utilized by the CS5464 to change the designated registers’ default values and begin registering energy. VD+ E1 E2 5K Pulse Output Counter CS5464 SCLK SDI SDO MODE CS 5K EEPROM SCK SO SI CS Connector to Calibrator Figure 18. Typical Interface of E2PROM to CS5464 Figure 18 also shows the external connections that would be made to a calibrator device, such as a PC or custom calibration board. When the metering system is installed, the calibrator would be used to control calibration and/or to program user-specified commands and calibration values into the E2PROM. The user-specified commands/data will determine the CS5464’s exact operation, when the auto-boot initialization sequence is running. Any of the valid commands can be used. 8.3 Which E2PROMs Can Be Used? Several industry-standard serial E2PROMs that will successfully run auto-boot with the CS5461A are listed below: • • • Atmel AT25010, AT25020 or AT25040 National Semiconductor NM25C040M8 or NM25020M8 Xicor X25040SI These types of serial E2PROMs expect a specific 8-bit command (00000011) in order to perform a memory read. The CS5461A has been hardware programmed to transmit this 8-bit command to the E2PROM at the beginning of the auto-boot sequence. 42 DS682PP1 CS5464 9. BASIC APPLICATION CIRCUITS Figure 19 shows the CS5464 configured to measure power in a single-phase, 2-wire system while operating in a single-supply configuration. In this diagram, a shunt resistor is used to sense the line current and a voltage divider is used to sense the line voltage. In this type of shunt-resistor configuration, the common-mode level of the CS5464 must be referenced to the line side of the power line. This means that the common-mode potential of the CS5464 will track the high-voltage levels, as well as low-voltage levels, with respect to earth ground. Isolation circuitry is required when an earth-ground-referenced communication interface is connected. A current transformer, or CT, is connected to the return line current, which implements the tamper detection circuit. 5 kΩ L2 LINE VOLTAGE 10 kΩ L1 500 Ω 500 470 µF 0.1 µF 10 Ω 0.1 µF 18 VA+ 3 VD+ 21 PFMON 2 CPUCLK 1 XOUT 28 470 nF CS5464 9 CVR2 R1 VIN+ CVdiff R VCV+ 10 19 R IR Shunt R I+ C I+ 20 R I1kΩ C Idiff 16 RI+ 15 IIN+ IIN2C IC Idiff VINIIN- 4.096 MHz Optional Clock Source XIN RESET 23 ISOLATION Serial Data Interface CT RBurden 1kΩ 7 CS 27 SDI 6 SDO 5 SCLK 24 INT 26 E2 25 E1 IIN2+ 13 TEST1 14 TEST2 DGND 4 Pulse Output Counter LOAD Note: 0.1 µF 12 VREFIN 11 VREFOUT AGND 17 Indicates common (floating) return. Figure 19. Typical Connection Diagram (Single-phase, 2-wire – Direct Connect to Power Line) DS682PP1 43 CS5464 10.PACKAGE DIMENSIONS 28L SSOP PACKAGE DRAWING N D E11 A2 A1 A E ∝ L e b2 SIDE VIEW END VIEW SEATING PLANE 123 TOP VIEW DIM A A1 A2 b D E E1 e L ∝ MIN -0.002 0.064 0.009 0.390 0.291 0.197 0.022 0.025 0° INCHES NOM -0.006 0.069 -0.4015 0.307 0.209 0.026 0.0354 4° MAX 0.084 0.010 0.074 0.015 0.413 0.323 0.220 0.030 0.041 8° MIN -0.05 1.62 0.22 9.90 7.40 5.00 0.55 0.63 0° MILLIMETERS NOM -0.15 1.75 -10.20 7.80 5.30 0.65 0.90 4° NOTE MAX 2.13 0.25 1.88 0.38 10.50 8.20 5.60 0.75 1.03 8° 2,3 1 1 JEDEC #: MO-150 Controlling Dimension is Millimeters Notes: 1. “D” and “E1” are reference datums and do not included mold flash or protrusions, but do include mold mismatch 2. and are measured at the parting line, mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.20 mm per side. Dimension “b” does not include dambar protrusion/intrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.13 mm total in excess of “b” dimension at maximum material condition. Dambar intrusion shall not reduce dimension “b” by more than 0.07 mm at least material condition. 3. These dimensions apply to the flat section of the lead between 0.10 and 0.25 mm from lead tips. 44 DS682PP1 CS5464 11. ORDERING INFORMATION Model Temperature Package CS5464-IS CS5464-ISZ (lead free) -40 to +85 °C 24-pin SSOP 12. ENVIRONMENTAL, MANUFACTURING, & HANDLING INFORMATION Model Number Peak Reflow Temp 240 °C 260 °C MSL Rating* 2 3 Max Floor Life 365 Days 7 Days CS5464-IS CS5464-ISZ (lead free) * MSL (Moisture Sensitivity Level) as specified by IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. DS682PP1 45 CS5464 13. REVISION HISTORY Revision Date Changes T1 PP1 NOV 2005 MAR 2006 Target Data Sheet Preliminary Release Contacting Cirrus Logic Support For all product questions and inquiries contact a Cirrus Logic Sales Representative. To find the one nearest to you go to www.cirrus.com IMPORTANT NOTICE "Preliminary" product information describes products that are in production, but for which full characterization data is not yet available. Cirrus Logic, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Cirrus”) believe that the information contained in this document is accurate and reliable. However, the information is subject to change without notice and is provided “AS IS” without warranty of any kind (express or implied). Customers are advised to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, indemnification, and limitation of liability. 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IF THE CUSTOMER OR CUSTOMER'S CUSTOMER USES OR PERMITS THE USE OF CIRRUS PRODUCTS IN CRITICAL APPLICATIONS, CUSTOMER AGREES, BY SUCH USE, TO FULLY INDEMNIFY CIRRUS, ITS OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, DISTRIBUTORS AND OTHER AGENTS FROM ANY AND ALL LIABILITY, INCLUDING ATTORNEYS' FEES AND COSTS, THAT MAY RESULT FROM OR ARISE IN CONNECTION WITH THESE USES. Cirrus Logic, Cirrus, and the Cirrus Logic logo designs are trademarks of Cirrus Logic, Inc. All other brand and product names in this document may be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. Microwire is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. 46 DS682PP1