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MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
General Description
The MAX15059 constant-frequency pulse-width modulating (PWM) step-up DC-DC converter features an internal
switch and a high-side current monitor with high-speed
adjustable current limiting. This device is capable of
generating output voltages up to 76V (300mW for the
MAX15059A and 200mW for the MAX15059B) and
provides current monitoring up to 4mA. The MAX15059
operates from 2.8V to 5.5V.
The constant-frequency (400kHz) current-mode PWM
architecture provides low-noise-output voltage that is
easy to filter. A high-voltage internal power MOSFET
allows this device to boost output voltages up to 76V.
Internal soft-start circuitry limits the input current when
the boost converter starts. The MAX15059 features a
shutdown mode to save power.
The MAX15059 includes a current monitor with more than
three decades of dynamic range and monitors current
ranging from 500nA to 4mA with high accuracy. Resistoradjustable current limiting protects the APD from optical
power transients. A clamp diode protects the monitor’s
output from overvoltage conditions. Other protection
features include cycle-by-cycle current limiting of the
boost converter switch, undervoltage lockout (UVLO), and
thermal shutdown if the die temperature reaches +125°C.
Features
● Input Voltage Range: +2.8V to +5.5V
● Wide Output-Voltage Range from (VIN + 5V) to 76V
● Internal 1Ω (typ) 80V MOSFET
● Boost Converter Output Power: 300mW
● 200mW Version Available for Smaller Inductor
● Accurate ±5% (1:1 and 5:1) High-Side Current
Monitor
● Resistor-Adjustable Ultra-Fast APD Current Limit
(1μs Response Time)
● Open-Drain Current-Limit Indicator Flag
● 400kHz Fixed-Switching Frequency
● Constant PWM Frequency Provides Easy Filtering
in Low-Noise Applications
● Internal Soft-Start
● 2μA (max) Shutdown Current
● -40°C to +125°C Temperature Range
● Small, Thermally Enhanced, 3mm x 3mm, Lead-Free,
16-Pin TQFN-EP Package
Applications
The MAX15059 is available in a thermally enhanced,
lead-free, 16-pin TQFN-EP package and operates over
the -40°C to +125°C temperature range.
●
●
●
●
●
Typical Operating Circuit
Ordering Information
L1
4.7µH
VIN = 2.8V
TO 5.5V
D1
CIN
1µF
IN
COUT
0.1µF
LX
CNTRL
VOUT
PGND
RLIM
FB
SHDN
GPIO
ILIM
GPIO
DAC
VDD
µC
CLAMP
RLIM
2.87kΩ
SGND
APD
APD
19-5132; Rev 4; 9/20
R2
348kΩ
RADJ
R1
6.34kΩ
BIAS
MAX15059
(76V MAX)
VDD
ADC
MOUT
TIA
RMOUT
1kΩ
CMOUT
OPTIONAL
(10nF)
Avalanche Photodiode Biasing and Monitoring
PIN Diode Bias Supply
Low-Noise Varactor Diode Bias Supply
FBON Modules
GPON Modules
PART
MAXIMUM
POWER
(mW)
IAPD:
IMOUT
MAX15059AETE+
300
1:1
16 TQFN-EP*
MAX15059BETE+
200
5:1
16 TQFN-EP*
MAX15059AATE+
300
1:1
16 TQFN-EP*
MAX15059BATE+
200
5:1
16 TQFN-EP*
PINPACKAGE
Note: The MAX15059AATE+ and MAX15059BATE+ operate over
the -40°C to +125°C temperature range. The MAX15059EATE+
and MAX15059BETE+ operate over the -40°C to +85°C temperature range.
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed pad.
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Absolute Maximum Ratings
IN, SHDN, FB, ILIM, RLIM, CNTRL to SGND..........-0.3V to +6V
LX to PGND...........................................................-0.3V to +80V
BIAS to SGND........................................................-0.3V to +79V
APD, CLAMP to SGND...........................-0.3V to (VBIAS + 0.3V)
PGND to SGND.....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
MOUT to SGND..................................-0.3V to (VCLAMP + 0.3V)
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
16-Pin TQFN-EP
(derate 20.8mW/°C above +70°C)..........................1666.7mW
Operating Temperature Range
MAX15059AETE, MAX15059BETE................ -40°C to +85°C
MAX15059AATE, MAX15059BATE............... -40°C to +125°C
Operating Temperature Range........................... -40°C to +85°C
Maximum Junction Temperature......................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range............................. -65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s).................................. +300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow)........................................+260°C
Package Thermal Characteristics (Note 1)
TQFN
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA)...........48°C/W
Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θJC)..................7°C/W
Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer
board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Electrical Characteristics
(VIN = VSHDN = VCNTRL= 3.3V. CIN = 1µF, VPGND = VSGND = 0V, VBIAS = 40V. LX = APD = CLAMP = ILIM = unconnected,
VMOUT = 0V, TA = -40°C to +85°C for the MAX15059AETE+ and MAX15059BETE+ and TA = -40°C to +125°C for the MAX15059AATE+
and MAX15059BATE+, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
5.5
V
INPUT SUPPLY
Supply Voltage Range
VIN
2.8
Supply Current
ISUPPLY
VFB = 1.4V, no TA = -40°C to +85°C
switching
TA = +125°C
Undervoltage-Lockout Threshold
VUVLO
VIN rising
0.6
2.475
Undervoltage-Lockout Hysteresis VUVLO_HYS
Shutdown Current
Shutdown BIAS Current
ISHDN
1.2
1.35
2.6
2.775
200
mA
V
mV
VSHDN = 0V
0.003
2
µA
IBIAS_SHDN VBIAS = 3.3V, VSHDN = 0V
9
20
µA
76
V
420
kHz
BOOST CONVERTER
Output-Voltage Adjustment
Range
Switching Frequency
VIN + 5
fSW
Maximum Duty Cycle
DCLK
FB Set-Point Voltage
VFB_SET
FB Input-Bias Current
IFB
Internal Switch On-Resistance
Peak Switch Current Limit
Peak Current-Limit Response
www.maximintegrated.com
RON
ILIM_LX
VIN = 5V
380
VIN = 2.8V
VFB = VFB_SET, TA = +25°C
ILX = 100mA,
VIN = 2.8V
400
88
90
92
%
1.205
1.23
1.255
V
500
nA
100
TA = -40°C to +85°C
1
2
TA = +125°C
2.25
MAX15059A
1.1
1.2
1.3
MAX15059B
0.825
0.9
0.975
100
Ω
A
ns
Maxim Integrated │ 2
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = VSHDN = VCNTRL= 3.3V. CIN = 1µF, VPGND = VSGND = 0V, VBIAS = 40V. LX = APD = CLAMP = ILIM = unconnected,
VMOUT = 0V, TA = -40°C to +85°C for the MAX15059AETE+ and MAX15059BETE+ and TA = -40°C to +125°C for the MAX15059AATE+
and MAX15059BATE+, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
LX Leakage Current
VLX = 76V, TA = +25°C
Line Regulation
2.8V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, ILOAD = 4.5mA
0.01
Load Regulation
0 ≤ ILOAD ≤ 4.5mA
MAX
UNITS
1
µA
%
0.05
%
Soft-Start Duration
8
ms
Soft-Start Steps
32
Steps
CONTROL INPUT (CNTRL)
Maximum Control Input
Voltage Range
FB set point is controlled to VCNTRL
1.2
V
CNTRL-to-REF Transition
Threshold
VFB = VREF above this voltage
1.3
V
CNTRL Input-Bias Current
VCNTRL = VFB_SET, TA = +25°C
500
nA
76
V
CURRENT MONITOR
Bias Voltage Range
VBIAS
10
IAPD = 500nA
Bias Quiescent Current
IBIAS
IAPD = 2mA
Voltage Drop
Dynamic Output Resistance
at MOUT
MAX15059A
150
250
MAX15059B
150
250
MAX15059A
4
6
MAX15059B
3
4
2.7
3.5
VDROP
IAPD = 2mA, VDROP = VBIAS - VAPD
RMOUT
RMOUT = ΔVMOUT/ΔIMOUT,
IAPD = 2.5mA
MAX15059A
5
µA
mA
V
GΩ
APD Current-Step Response
Step load on IAPD = 20µA to 1mA
25
MOUT Output Leakage
APD is unconnected, TA = +25°C
1
300
nA
0.7
0.95
V
Output Clamp Voltage
VMOUT VCLAMP
Forward diode current = 500µA
MOUT Voltage Range
VMOUT
10V ≤ VBIAS ≤ 76V, 0 ≤ IAPD ≤ 1mA,
CLAMP is unconnected
MAX15059A
IAPD = 500nA
Current Gain
IMOUT/IAPD
IAPD = 2mA
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
APD Input Current Limit
PSRR
ILIM_APD
Current-Limit Adjustment Range
Power-Up Settling Time
www.maximintegrated.com
(ΔIMOUT/IMOUT)/ ΔVBIAS,
VBIAS = 10V to 76V and
IAPD = 5µA to 1mA (Note 3)
tS
V
0. 95
1
1.1
MAX15059B
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.965
1
1.035
MAX15059B
0.193
0.2
0.207
MAX15059A
20
300
610
MAX15059B
20
300
700
4
4.6
5.2
TA = +125°C
IMOUT settles to within
0.1%, 10nF connected
from APD to ground
VBIAS 2.7
MAX15059A
TA = -40°C to +85°C
9.75kΩ ≥ RLIM ≥ 0
0.4
ns
3.85
5.2
TA = -40°C to +85°C
0.9
5.2
TA = +125°C
0.89
5.2
mA/mA
ppm/V
mA
mA
IAPD = 500nA
7.5
ms
IAPD = 2.5mA
90
µs
Maxim Integrated │ 3
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = VSHDN = VCNTRL= 3.3V. CIN = 1µF, VPGND = VSGND = 0V, VBIAS = 40V. LX = APD = CLAMP = ILIM = unconnected,
VMOUT = 0V, TA = -40°C to +85°C for the MAX15059AETE+ and MAX15059BETE+ and TA = -40°C to +125°C for the MAX15059AATE+
and MAX15059BATE+, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
0.8
V
LOGIC I/O
SHDN Input Voltage Low
VIL
SHDN Input Voltage High
VIH
ILIM Output Voltage Low
VOL
ILIM = 2mA
2.1
0.1
V
V
ILIM Output Leakage Current
IOH
TA = +25°C
1
µA
THERMAL PROTECTION
Thermal-Shutdown Temperature
Temperature rising
+150
°C
15
°C
Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis
Note 2: All MIN/MAX parameters are tested at TA = +25°C. Limits overtemperature are guaranteed by design.
Note 3: Guaranteed by design and not production tested.
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 70V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
60
50
40
VOUT = 50V
30
VOUT = 70V
20
60
50
VOUT = 50V
40
VOUT = 70V
30
20
10
10
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0
4.0
0
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
1.8
SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
VFB = 1.4V
1.6
1.4
TA = +125°C
1.2
TA = +85°C
1.0
TA = +25°C
0.8
0.6
0.4
2.61
2.60
2.59
2.58
2.57
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2.55
4.0
0.5
0
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
100
80
TA = +125°C
60
TA = +85°C
40
TA = +25°C
20
0.2
0
2.62
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
MAX15059 toc04
2.0
2.63
MAX15059 toc05
0
2.64
2.56
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
0
VOUT = 30V
70
MAX15059 toc03
80
VOUT = 30V
70
VIN = 5V
90
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
80
MINIMUM STARTUP VOLTAGE
vs. LOAD CURRENT
2.65
MINIMUM STARTUP VOLTAGE (V)
VIN = 3.3V
90
100
MAX15059 toc01
100
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
MAX15059 toc02
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
TA = -40°C
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
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0
TA = -40°C
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Maxim Integrated │ 4
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 70V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
EXITING SHUTDOWN
ENTERING SHUTDOWN
MAX15059 toc06
MAX15059 toc07
SHDN
2V/div
SHDN
2V/div
INDUCTOR
CURRENT
500mA/div
INDUCTOR
CURRENT
500mA/div
VOUT
50V/div
VOUT
50V/div
1ms/div
4ms/div
LIGHT-LOAD SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
WITH RC FILTER
HEAVY-LOAD SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
WITH RC FILTER
MAX15059 toc08
MAX15059 toc09
VBIAS
(AC-COUPLED)
20mV/div
VBIAS
(AC-COUPLED)
50mV/div
VLX
50V/div
VLX
50V/div
IL
500mA/div
IL
1A/div
1µs/div
1µs/div
LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX15059 toc10
MAX15059 toc11
VIN
2V/div
IAPD
2mA/div
0mA
3.3V
VBIAS
(AC-COUPLED)
500mV/div
100µs/div
www.maximintegrated.com
VBIAS
(AC-COUPLED)
50mV/div
100µs/div
Maxim Integrated │ 5
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 70V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
60
50
40
0.1
0
-0.1
70
40
30
-0.3
20
10
-0.4
10
0
-0.5
0
0
0.5
BIAS CURRENT vs. BIAS VOLTAGE
(MAX15059A)
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
IAPD = 2mA
1
0.1
IAPD = 500nA
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
D
3.0
2.5
3.5
E
4.0
4.5
F
5.0
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
BIAS CURRENT vs. BIAS VOLTAGE
(MAX15059B)
BIAS CURRENT vs. APD CURRENT
(MAX15059A)
10
MAX15059 toc16
10
MAX15059 toc15
10
1.0
B
C
50
20
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
A
60
-0.2
TEMPERATURE (°C)
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
80
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
30
0.2
IAPD = 2mA
1
0.1
MAX15059 toc14
0.3
A: VOUT = 30V, B: VOUT = 35V, C: VOUT = 45V,
D: VOUT = 55V, E: VOUT = 60V, F: VOUT = 70V
90
IOUT(MAX) (mA)
70
0.4
MAXIMUM LOAD CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
100
MAX15059 toc13
80
CURRENT INTO LX PINS
VLX = 70V
REGULATION (%)
LX LEAKAGE CURRENT (nA)
90
0.5
MAX15059 toc12
100
LOAD REGULATION
5.5
MAX15059 toc17
LX LEAKAGE CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
1
0.1
IAPD = 500nA
VBIAS = 70V
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.01
0.0001
80
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
APD CURRENT (mA)
BIAS CURRENT vs. APD CURRENT
(MAX15059B)
BIAS CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
(MAX15059A)
BIAS CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
(MAX15059B)
0.1
0.001
0.01
0.1
APD CURRENT (mA)
www.maximintegrated.com
1
10
IAPD = 2mA
1
IAPD = 500nA
0.1
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
1
10
MAX15059 toc20
10
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
1
0.01
0.0001
10
MAX15059 toc19
VBIAS = 70V
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
BIAS CURRENT (mA)
10
10
0
0.01
MAX15059 toc18
0.01
IAPD = 2mA
IAPD = 500nA
0.1
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Maxim Integrated │ 6
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 70V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
3
GAIN ERROR (%)
2
1
0
-1
-2
VBIAS = 70V
4
2
1
0
-1
-2
1.6
0.4
0
-1.2
-1.6
-5
-5
100
1000
10,000
0.1
1
10
-0.8
IAPD = 500µA
IAPD = 50µA
1.6
1.2
IAPD = 5µA
0.4
0
IAPD = 500µA
-0.4
IAPD = 2mA
-0.8
-1.2
-1.2
-1.6
-1.6
-2.0
-2.0
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
IAPD = 0.5µA
0.8
2.0
IAPD = 50µA
1.6
1.2
GAIN ERROR (%)
0
-0.4
GAIN ERROR vs. BIAS VOLTAGE
(MAX15059B)
MAX15059 toc25
IAPD = 0.5µA
IAPD = 5µA
0.4
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
2.0
GAIN ERROR (%)
1.6
IAPD = 2mA
-2.0
10,000
GAIN ERROR vs. BIAS VOLTAGE
(MAX15059A)
MAX15059 toc24
2.0
0.8
1000
IAPD (µA)
GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
(MAX15059B)
1.2
100
IAPD = 50µA
-0.8
-4
10
IAPD = 500µA
-0.4
-3
1
IAPD = 2mA
0.8
-4
0.1
IAPD = 500µA
0.8
IAPD = 0.5µA
0.4
0
-0.4
IAPD = 5µA
-0.8
IAPD = 50µA
-1.2
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-2.0
10
BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
APD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
(MAX15059A)
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
BIAS VOLTAGE (V)
APD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
(MAX15059A)
MAX15059 toc28
MAX15059 toc27
IAPD
2mA/div
0mA
IAPD
1mA/div
0mA
IMOUT
2mA/div
0mA
VAPD
(AC-COUPLED)
2V/div
www.maximintegrated.com
IAPD = 2mA
-1.6
TEMPERATURE (°C)
20µs/div
IAPD = 0.5µA
IAPD = 5µA
1.2
-3
IAPD (µA)
GAIN ERROR (%)
2.0
MAX15059 toc23
3
GAIN ERROR (%)
5
MAX15059 toc26
VBIAS = 70V
GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
(MAX15059A)
GAIN ERROR (%)
4
MAX15059 toc21
5
GAIN ERROR vs. APD CURRENT
(MAX15059B)
MAX15059 toc22
GAIN ERROR vs. APD CURRENT
(MAX15059A)
IMOUT
2mA/div
0mA
10ns/div
Maxim Integrated │ 7
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 70V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
STARTUP DELAY
STARTUP DELAY
MAX15059 toc29
VBIAS = 70V,
IAPD = 500nA
MAX15059 toc30
SHDN
5V/div
SHDN
5V/div
VBIAS
50V/div
VBIAS
50V/div
IMOUT
1mA/div
IMOUT
500nA/div
VBIAS = 70V,
IAPD = 2mA
1ms/div
2ms/div
STARTUP DELAY
MAX15059 toc31
STARTUP DELAY
MAX15059 toc32
SHDN
5V/div
SHDN
5V/div
VBIAS
5V/div
VBIAS
5V/div
IMOUT
1mA/div
IMOUT
500nA/div
VBIAS = 10V,
IAPD = 500nA
400µs/div
200µs/div
MAX15059 toc33
RLIM = 3.16kΩ
IMOUT
2mA/div
VILIM
5V/div
www.maximintegrated.com
TA = -40°C
2.5
VBIAS - VAPD (V)
VAPD
50V/div
2µs/div
VOLTAGE DROP vs. APD CURRENT
3.0
MAX15059 toc34
SHORT-CIRCUIT RESPONSE
TA = +25°C
2.0
TA = +85°C
1.5
1.0
TA = +125°C
0.5
0
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10,000
IAPD (µA)
Maxim Integrated │ 8
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 70V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
408
402
401
400
399
398
397
396
406
404
402
400
398
396
394
392
390
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
2.5
3.0
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SWITCHING FREQUENCY AND
DUTY CYCLE vs. LOAD CURRENT
MAX15059 toc37
410
DUTY CYCLE
50
1.230
45
1.228
1.226
35
1.224
402
30
400
25
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
398
20
10
1.214
392
5
1.212
390
0
1.210
1.5
2.0
2.5
5.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
FB SET POINT vs. TEMPERATURE
VIN = 3.3V
1.218
394
1.0
5.0
1.220
15
0.5
4.5
1.222
396
0
4.0
FB SET POINT (V)
40
404
DUTY CYCLE (%)
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
408
406
3.5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
MAX15059 toc38
395
MAX15059 toc36
403
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
404
FREQUENCY (kHz)
410
MAX15059 toc35
405
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
SWITCHING FREQUENCY vs. TEMPERATURE
1.216
-40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
APD OUTPUT RIPPLE VOLTAGE
(0.1µF FROM APD TO GROUND, VBIAS = 70V, IAPD = 1mA)
MAX15059 toc39
VAPD
AC-COUPLED, 70V
1mV/div
1µs/div
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Maxim Integrated │ 9
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
CLAMP
MOUT
RLIM
TOP VIEW
APD
Pin Configuration
12
11
10
9
BIAS 13
LX 14
MAX15059
LX 15
+
2
3
SHDN
SGND
7
ILIM
6
CNTRL
5
FB
4
SGND
1
IN
EP
PGND
PGND 16
8
TQFN
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
1, 16
PGND
2
IN
3
SHDN
Active-Low Shutdown Control Input. Apply a logic-low voltage to SHDN to shut down the device.
Connect SHDN to IN for normal operation. Ensure that VSHDN is not greater than the input voltage, VIN.
SHDN is internally pulled low. The converter is disabled when SHDN is left unconnected.
4, 8
SGND
Signal Ground. Connect directly to the local ground plane. Connect SGND to PGND at a single point,
typically near the return terminal of the output capacitor.
5
FB
Feedback Regulation Input. Connect FB to the center tap of a resistive voltage-divider from the boost
output to SGND to set the output voltage. The FB voltage regulates to 1.23V (typ) when VCNTRL is above
1.3V (typ) and to VCNTRL when VCNTRL is below 1.2V (typ).
6
CNTRL
Control Input for Boost Converter Output-Voltage Programmability. CNTRL allows the feedback set-point
voltage to be set externally by CNTRL when VCNTRL is less than 1.2V. Pull CNTRL above 1.3V (typ) to
use the internal 1.23V (typ) feedback set-point voltage.
7
ILIM
Open-Drain Current-Limit Indicator. ILIM asserts low when the APD current limit has been exceeded.
9
RLIM
Current-Limit Resistor Connection. Connect a resistor from RLIM to SGND to program the APD
current-limit threshold. When RLIM is connected to SGND, the current limit is set to 4.6mA.
10
MOUT
Current-Monitor Output. For the MAX15059A, MOUT sources a current equal to IAPD.
For the MAX15059B, MOUT sources a current equal to 1/5 of IAPD.
11
CLAMP
Clamp Voltage Input. CLAMP is the external potential used for voltage clamping of MOUT.
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FUNCTION
Power Ground. Connect the negative terminals of the input and output capacitors to PGND. Connect
PGND externally to SGND at a single point, typically at the return terminal of the output capacitor.
Input-Supply Voltage. Bypass IN to PGND with a ceramic capacitor of 1µF minimum value.
Maxim Integrated │ 10
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Pin Description (continued)
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
12
APD
Reference Current Output. APD provides the source current to the cathode of the photodiode.
13
BIAS
Bias-Voltage Input. Connect BIAS to the boost converter output (VOUT) either directly or through a
lowpass filter for ripple attenuation. BIAS provides the voltage bias for the current monitor and is the
current source for APD.
14, 15
LX
Drain of Internal 80V n-Channel DMOS. Connect inductor to LX. Minimize the trace area at LX to reduce
switching-noise emission.
—
EP
Exposed Pad. Connect to a large copper plane at the SGND and PGND potential to improve thermal
dissipation. Do not use as the only ground connection.
Functional Diagram
FB
CNTRL
VREF
OUTPUT ERROR
AND CURRENT COMPARATOR
-A
+A
MUX
SGND
-C
SOFTSTART
+C
VREF
PEAK
CURRENT-LIMIT
COMPARATOR
LX
80V
DMOS
SWITCH
CONTROL
LOGIC
REFERENCE
COMPARATOR
SWITCH
CURRENT
SENSE
VREF
BIAS
AND REF
IN
CLAMP
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
UVLO
SHDN
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MOUT
1X
CURRENTLIMIT
ADJUSTMENT
CONTROL
MONITOR
CLK
OSCILLATOR
400kHz
PGND
1X (A)
5X (B)
CURRENT
LIMIT
RLIM
APD
ILIM
MAX15059
BIAS
Maxim Integrated │ 11
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Detailed Description
The MAX15059 constant-frequency, current-mode, PWM
boost converters are intended for low-voltage systems
that require a locally generated high voltage. This device
is capable of generating a low-noise, high output voltage required for PIN and varactor diode biasing. The
MAX15059 operates from +2.8V to +5.5V.
approaches ideal cycle-by-cycle control over the output
voltage since there is no conventional error amplifier in
the feedback path.
This device operates in PWM mode using a fixedfrequency, current-mode operation. The current-mode
frequency loop regulates the peak inductor current as a
function of the output-voltage error signal.
The MAX15059 operates in discontinuous mode in order
to reduce the switching noise caused by reverse recovery
charge of the rectifier diode and eliminates the need for
external compensation components. Other continuousmode boost converters generate large voltage spikes at
the output when the LX switch turns on because there is
a conduction path between the output, diode, and switch
to ground during the time needed for the diode to turn
off and reverse its bias voltage. To reduce the output
noise even further, the LX switch turns off by taking 10ns
typically to transition from on to off. As a consequence,
the positive slew rate of the LX node is reduced and
the current from the inductor does not “force” the output
voltage as hard as would be the case if the LX switch
were to turn off faster.
The current-mode PWM controller is intended for DCM
operation. No internal slope compensation is added to
the current signal.
The constant-frequency (400kHz) PWM architecture
generates an output voltage ripple that is easy to filter.
An 80V lateral DMOS device used as the internal power
switch is ideal for boost converters with output voltages
up to 76V. The MAX15059 can also be used in other
topologies where the PWM switch is grounded, like
SEPIC and flyback converters.
Clamping the Monitor Output Voltage
(MOUT)
The MAX15059 includes a versatile current monitor
intended for monitoring the APD, PIN, or varactor diode
DC current in fiber and other applications. The MAX15059
features more than three decades of dynamic current
ranging from 500nA to 4mA and provides an output
current accurately proportional to the APD current at
MOUT. MOUT output accuracy is ±10% from 500nA to
1mA and ±5% from 1mA to 2mA.
The MAX15059 also features a shutdown logic input to
disable the device and reduce its standby current to 2µA
(max).
Fixed-Frequency PWM Controller
The heart of the MAX15059 current-mode PWM
controller is a BiCMOS multi-input comparator that
simultaneously processes the output-error signal and
switch current signal. The main PWM comparator uses
direct summing, lacking a traditional error amplifier and its
associated phase shift. The direct summing configuration
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Current Limit
The current limit of the current monitor is programmable
from 1mA to 4.6mA (typ). Connect RLIM to SGND to get
a default current-limit threshold of 4.6mA or connect a
resistor from RLIM to SGND to program the current-limit
threshold below the default setting of 4.6mA. Calculate
the value of the external resistor, RLIM, for a given current
limit, ILIM, using the following equation:
1.23V
R LIM (kΩ )
=
x 10 − 2.67(kΩ )
I
(mA)
LIM
CLAMP provides a means for diode clamping the voltage
at MOUT; thus, VMOUT is limited to (VCLAMP + 0.6V).
CLAMP can be connected to either an external supply or
BIAS. Leave CLAMP unconnected if voltage clamping is
not required.
Shutdown
The MAX15059 features an active-low shutdown input
(SHDN). Pull SHDN low or leave it unconnected to
enter shutdown. During shutdown, the supply current
drops to 2µA (max). The output remains connected to
the input through the inductor and output rectifier, holding the output voltage to one diode drop below IN when
the MAX15059 is in shutdown. Connect SHDN to IN for
always-on operation.
Adjusting the Feedback
Set-Point/Reference Voltage
Apply a voltage to the CNTRL input to set the feedback
set-point reference voltage, VREF (see the Functional
Diagram). For VCNTRL > 1.3V, the internal 1.23V (typ)
reference voltage is used as the feedback set point and
for VCNTRL < 1.2V, the CNTRL voltage is used as the
reference voltage (VFB set equal to VCNTRL).
Maxim Integrated │ 12
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Design Procedure
Determining the Inductor Value
Setting the Output Voltage
Set the MAX15059 output voltage by connecting a resistive divider from the output to FB to SGND (Figure 1).
Select R1 (FB to SGND resistor) between 5kΩ and 10kΩ.
Calculate R2 (VOUT to FB resistor) using the following
equation:
V
=
R 2 R 1 OUT
VREF
− 1
where VOUT can range from (VIN + 5V) to 76V. Apply a
voltage to the CNTRL input to set the feedback set-point
reference voltage, VREF (see the Functional Diagram).
For VCNTRL > 1.3V, the internal 1.23V (typ) reference
voltage is used as the feedback set point and for VCNTRL
< 1.2V, VREF = VCNTRL. See the Adjusting the Feedback
Set-Point/Reference Voltage section for more information
on adjusting the feedback reference voltage, VREF.
Determining Peak Inductor Current
If the boost converter remains in the discontinuous mode
of operation, then the approximate peak inductor current,
ILPEAK (in A), is represented by the formula below:
ILPEAK =
2 × t S × (VOUT − VIN _MIN ) × I OUT_MAX
η×L
where tS is the switching period in µs, VOUT is the output
voltage in volts, VIN_MIN is the minimum input voltage
in volts, IOUT_MAX is the maximum output current in
amps, L is the inductor value in µH, and ƞ is the efficiency of the boost converter (see the Typical Operating
Characteristics).
Three key inductor parameters must be specified for
operation with the MAX15059: inductance value (L),
inductor saturation current (ISAT), and DC resistance
(DCR). In general, the inductor should have a saturation
current rating greater than the maximum peak switch
current-limit value (ILIM_LX = 1.3A). DCR should be low
for reasonable efficiency.
Use the following formula to calculate the lower bound of
the inductor value at different output voltages and output
currents. This is the minimum inductance value for discontinuous mode operation for supplying full 300mW of
output power:
L MIN [µH] =
2 × t S × I OUT × (VOUT − VIN_MIN )
2
η × ILIM_LX
where VIN_MIN, VOUT (both in volts), and IOUT (in amps)
are typical values (so that efficiency is optimum for typical conditions), tS (in µs) is the period, ƞ is the efficiency,
and ILIM_LX is the peak switch current in amps (see the
Electrical Characteristics table).
Calculate the optimum value of L (LOPTIMUM) to ensure
the full output power without reaching the boundary
between continuous-conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) using the following
formula:
L
[µH]
L OPTIMUM [µH] =MAX
2.25
where:
L MAX [µH] =
2
VIN_MIN
(VOUT − VIN_MIN ) × t S × η
2 × I OUT × V 2
OUT
VOUT
R2
MAX15059
FB
VCNTRL > 1.3V, VFB = 1.23V
VCNTRL < 1.2V, VFB = VCNTRL
R1
For a design in which VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 70V, IOUT =
3mA, ƞ = 45%, ILIM_LX = 1.2A, and tS = 2.5µs: LMAX =
27µH and LMIN = 1.5µH.
For a worse-case scenario in which VIN = 2.8V, VOUT
= 70V, IOUT = 4mA, ƞ = 43%, ILIM_LX = 1.2A, and tS =
2.5µs: LMAX = 15µH and LMIN = 2.2µH.
The choice of 4.7µH is reasonable given the worst-case
scenario above. In general, the higher the inductance, the
lower the switching noise. Load regulation is also better
with higher inductance.
Figure 1. Adjustable Output Voltage
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Maxim Integrated │ 13
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Diode Selection
The MAX15059’s high switching frequency demands a
high-speed rectifier. Schottky diodes are recommended
for most applications because of their fast recovery time
and low forward-voltage drop. Ensure that the diode’s
peak current rating is greater than the peak inductor current. Also, the diode breakdown voltage must be greater
than VOUT.
Output Filter Capacitor Selection
For most applications, use a small output capacitor of
0.1µF or greater. To achieve low output ripple, a capacitor with low ESR, low ESL, and high capacitance value
should be selected. If tantalum or electrolytic capacitors
are used to achieve high capacitance values, always
add a smaller ceramic capacitor in parallel to bypass the
high-frequency components of the diode current. The
higher ESR and ESL of electrolytic capacitors increase
the output ripple and peak-to-peak transient voltage.
Assuming the contribution from the ESR and capacitor
discharge equals 50% (proportions may vary), calculate
the output capacitance and ESR required for a specified
ripple using the following equations:
C OUT [µF ]
=
ILPEAK x L OPTIMUM
t S −
0.5 x ∆VOUT
(VOUT − VIN_MIN )
0.5 x ∆VOUT
ESR[mΩ] =
I OUT
I OUT
VIN = 2.8V
TO 5.5V
CIN
IN
CNTRL
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LX
D1
RF
VOUT
SHDN
R2
MAX15059
CIN
FB
COUT
CF
R1
PGND
BIAS
SGND
Figure 2. Typical Operating Circuit with RC Filter
Input-Capacitor Selection
Bypass IN to PGND with a 1µF (min) ceramic capacitor.
Depending on the supply source impedance, higher values may be needed. Make sure that the input capacitors
are close enough to the IC to provide adequate decoupling at IN as well. If the layout cannot achieve this, add
another 0.1µF ceramic capacitor between IN and PGND
in the immediate vicinity of the IC. Bulk aluminum electrolytic capacitors may be needed to avoid chattering at
low-input voltage. In case of aluminum electrolytic capacitors, calculate the capacitor value and ESR of the input
capacitor using the following equations:
For very-low-output-ripple applications, the output of the
boost converter can be followed by an RC filter to further
reduce the ripple. Figure 2 shows a 100Ω, 0.1µF (RF
CF) filter used to reduce the switching output ripple to
1mVP-P with a 0.1mA load or 1mVP-P with a 4mA load.
The output voltage regulation resistive divider must
=
C IN [µF]
remain connected to the diode/output capacitor node.
Use X7R ceramic capacitors for more stability over the full
temperature range.
L1
VOUT x I OUT
I
x L OPTIMUM x VOUT
t S − LPEAK
VIN_MIN(VOUT − VIN_MIN )
η x VIN_MIN x 0.5 x ∆VIN
0.5 x ∆VIN x η x VIN_MIN
ESR[mΩ] =
VOUT x I OUT
Maxim Integrated │ 14
MAX15059
Applications Information
Using APD or PIN Photodiodes
in Fiber Applications
When using the MAX15059 to monitor APD or PIN
photodiode currents in fiber applications, several issues
must be addressed. In applications where the photodiode
must be fully depleted, keep track of voltages budgeted
for each component with respect to the available supply
voltage(s). The current monitors require as much as 3.5V
between BIAS and APD, which must be considered part
of the overall voltage budget.
Additional voltage margin can be created if a negative
supply is used in place of a ground connection, as long
as the overall voltage drop experienced by the MAX15059
is less than or equal to 76V. For this type of application, the MAX15059 is suggested so the output can be
referenced to “true” ground and not the negative supply.
The MAX15059’s output current can be referenced as
desired with either a resistor to ground or a transimpedance amplifier. Take care to ensure that output voltage
excursions do not interfere with the required margin
between BIAS and MOUT. In many fiber applications,
MOUT is connected directly to an ADC that operates from
a supply voltage that is less than the voltage at BIAS.
Connecting the MAX15059’s clamping diode output,
CLAMP, to the ADC power supply helps avoid damage to
the ADC. Without this protection, voltages can develop at
MOUT that might destroy the ADC. This protection is less
critical when MOUT is connected directly to subsequent
transimpedance amplifiers (linear or logarithmic) that
have low-impedance, near-ground-referenced inputs. If a
transimpedance amp is used on the low side of the photodiode, its voltage drop must also be considered. Leakage
from the clamping diode is most often insignificant over
nominal operating conditions, but grows with temperature.
To maintain low levels of wideband noise, lowpass filtering the output signal is suggested in applications where
only DC measurements are required. Connect the filter
capacitor at MOUT. Determining the required filtering
components is straightforward, as the MAX15059 exhibits
a very high output impedance of 5GΩ.
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76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
In some applications where pilot tones are used to identify
specific fiber channels, higher bandwidths are desired at
MOUT to detect these tones. Consider the minimum
and maximum currents to be detected; if the minimum
current is too small, insufficient bandwidth could result,
while too high a current could result in excessive noise
across the desired bandwidth.
Layout Considerations
Careful PCB layout is critical to achieve low switching
losses and clean and stable operation. Protect sensitive
analog grounds by using a star ground configuration.
Connect SGND and PGND together close to the device
at the return terminal of the output bypass capacitor. Do
not connect them together anywhere else. Keep all PCB
traces as short as possible to reduce stray capacitance,
trace resistance, and radiated noise. Ensure that the
feedback connection to FB is short and direct. Route
high-speed switching nodes away from the sensitive
analog areas. Use an internal PCB layer for SGND as an
EMI shield to keep radiated noise away from the device,
feedback dividers, and analog bypass capacitors. Refer
to the MAX15059 Evaluation Kit data sheet for a layout
example.
Chip Information
PROCESS: BiCMOS
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns
(footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note
that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status
only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but
the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE
TYPE
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE
NO.
LAND
PATTERN NO.
16 TQFN-EP
T1633-4
21-0136
90-0031
Maxim Integrated │ 15
MAX15059
76V, 300mW Boost Converter and Current
Monitor for APD Bias Applications
Revision History
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE
PAGES
CHANGED
0
1/10
Initial release
1
3/10
Replaced five TOCs, added three TOCs, updated text
2
7/10
EC table specifications modified
3
11/10
EC table extended to +125°C
4
9/20
Clarified Using APD or PIN Photodiodes in Fiber Applications section
DESCRIPTION
—
1, 2, 3, 5–8, 11
2, 3
1–8, 14
15
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim Integrated’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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