19-3944; Rev 1; 5/06
KIT
ATION
EVALU
LE
B
A
IL
A
AV
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
The MAX5088/MAX5089 high-frequency, DC-DC converters with an integrated n-channel power MOSFET
provide up to 2A of load current. The MAX5088
includes an internal power MOSFET to enable the
design of a nonsynchronous buck topology power supply. The MAX5089 is for the design of a synchronous
buck topology power supply. These devices operate
from a 4.5V to 5.5V or 5.5V to 23V input voltage and a
200kHz to 2.2MHz resistor-programmable switching
frequency. The voltage-mode architecture with a peak
switch current-limit scheme provides stable operation
up to a 2.2MHz switching frequency. The MAX5088
includes a clock output for driving a second DC-DC
converter 180° out-of-phase and a power-on-reset
(RESET) output. The MAX5089 includes a power-good
output and a synchronous rectifier driver to drive an
external low-side MOSFET in the buck converter configuration for high efficiency.
The MAX5088/MAX5089 protect against overcurrent
conditions by utilizing a peak current limit as well as
overtemperature shutdown providing a very reliable
and compact power source for point-of-load regulation
applications. Additional features include synchronization, internal digital soft-start, and an enable input. The
MAX5088/MAX5089 are available in a thermally
enhanced, space-saving 16-pin TQFN (5mm x 5mm)
package and operate over the -40°C to +125°C temperature range.
Applications
Features
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
♦
4.5V to 5.5V or 5.5V to 23V Input Voltage Range
Output Voltage Adjustable Down to 0.6V
2A Output Current
Synchronous Rectifier Driver Output (MAX5089)
for Higher Efficiency
Resistor-Programmable Switching Frequency
from 200kHz to 2.2MHz
External Synchronization and Enable (On/Off)
Inputs
Clock Output for Driving Second Converter 180°
Out-Of-Phase (MAX5089)
Integrated 150mΩ High-Side n-Channel Power
MOSFET
Power-On Reset Output (MAX5088)/Power-Good
Output (MAX5089)
Short-Circuit Protection
Thermal-Shutdown Protection
Thermally Enhanced 16-Pin TQFN Package
Dissipates 2.7W
Ordering Information
PKG
CODE
TEMP RANGE
MAX5088ATE+
-40°C to +125°C
16 TQFN
T1655-2
MAX5089ATE+
-40°C to +125°C
16 TQFN
T1655-2
+Denotes lead-free package.
Pin Configurations
CONFIGURATION
FEATURES
MAX5088ATE
Nonsynchronous
Buck
RESET Output,
Clock Output
Synchronous Buck
PGOOD Output,
Synchronous FET
Driver
CKO
11
10
9
SYNC 13
8
VL
RESET 14
7
V+
6
BYPASS
5
OSC
MAX5088
BST/VDD 15
EN 16
+ EP*
DRAIN
1
Pin Configurations continued at end of data sheet.
*EXPOSED PAD.
2
3
4
FB
PART
12
COMP
Selector Guide
SGND
IP Phones/WLAN Access Points
PGND
TOP VIEW
Servers and Networks
DRAIN
Automotive Radio Power Supply
SOURCE
xDSL Modem Power Supply
MAX5089ATE
PINPACKAGE
PART
THIN QFN
5mm x 5mm
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
1
MAX5088/MAX5089
General Description
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
RESET, PGOOD to SGND ........................................-0.3V to +6V
BYPASS to SGND..................................................-0.3V to +2.2V
VL and BYPASS Short-Circuit Duration to SGND ......Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation* (TA = +70°C)
16-Pin TQFN (derate 33mW/°C above +70°C) ..........2666mW
Package Thermal Resistance (junction to case) ............1.7°C/W
Operating Temperature Range .........................-40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
V+ to PGND............................................................-0.3V to +25V
BST/VDD, DRAIN to SGND ....................................-0.3V to +30V
SGND to PGND .....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
BST/VDD to SOURCE...............................................-0.3V to +6V
SOURCE to SGND..................................................-0.6V to +25V
SOURCE or DRAIN Maximum Peak Current...............5A for 1ms
VL to SGND ................-0.3V to the lower of +6V and (V+ + 0.3V)
SYNC, EN, DL, CKO, OSC, COMP,
FB to SGND...............................................-0.3V to (VL + 0.3V)
BYPASS, CKO, OSC, COMP, FB, EN, SYNC, RESET,
PGOOD Maximum Input Current .................................±50mA
*As per JEDEC51 Standard (multilayer board).
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = VL = 5V or V+ = 5.5V to 23V, VEN = 5V, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Circuits of Figures 5 and 6. Typical
values are at TA = TJ = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Input Voltage Range
V+
V+ Operating Supply Current
IQ
V+ Standby Supply Current
Efficiency
ISTBY
η
5.5
23.0
V
4.5
5.5
V
1.8
2.5
mA
V+ = 12V, VEN = 0V, PGOOD (MAX5089),
RESET, CKO unconnected (MAX5088),
ROSC = 10kΩ
1
1.4
mA
Nonsynchronous (MAX5088),
fSW = 1.25MHz, V+ = 12V, IOUT = 1.5A,
VOUT = 3.3V
79
V+ = VL
V+ = 12V, VFB = 0.8V
ROSC = 10kΩ, no switching
%
Synchronous (MAX5089),
fSW = 300kHz, V+ = 12V, IOUT = 1.5A,
VOUT = 3.3V
90
VL REGULATOR (VL)/BYPASS OUTPUT (BYPASS)
VL Undervoltage Lockout
VUVLO
VL Undervoltage Lockout
Hysteresis
VHYST
VL Output Voltage
BYPASS Output Voltage
BYPASS Load Regulation
2
VL
VBYPASS
∆VBYPASS
VL falling
4.1
4.3
137
V
mV
V+ = 5.5V to 23V, IVL = 0 to 40mA
5.0
5.2
5.5
V
V+ = VL = 5.2V
1.98
2
2.02
V
0
1.2
10
mV
IBYPASS steps from 0 to 50µA,
V+ = VL = 5.2V
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
(V+ = VL = 5V or V+ = 5.5V to 23V, VEN = 5V, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Circuits of Figures 5 and 6. Typical
values are at TA = TJ = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
SOFT-START
Digital Soft-Start Period
Internal 6-bit DAC
Soft-Start Steps
4096
Clock
periods
64
Steps
ERROR AMPLIFIER (FB and COMP)
FB to COMP Transconductance
gM
FB Input Bias Current
IFB
FB Input Voltage Set Point
VFB
0.5940
0.601
ICOMP
100
150
COMP Sink-and-Source Current
Capability
1.20
1.8
2.75
mS
250
nA
0.6095
V
µA
INTERNAL MOSFETs
On-Resistance n-Channel Power
MOSFET
RON
V+ = VL = 5.2V, ISINK = 100mA
Leakage Current
ILEAK
VEN = 0V, VDRAIN = 23V,
SOURCE = PGND
Minimum Output Current
IOUT
VOUT = 3.3V, V+ = 12V (Note 2)
Current Limit
ILIMIT
On-Resistance Internal Low-Side
Switch
RONLSW
0.150
0.302
Ω
20
µA
2
2.2
ISWITCH = 50mA, V+ = VL = 5.2V
A
2.8
3.5
A
20
38
Ω
SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFIER DRIVER (DL) (MAX5089 Only)
On-Resistance nMOS
RONDLN
ISINK = 0.1A
On-Resistance pMOS
RONDLP
ISOURCE = 0.1A
Peak Sink Current
Peak Source Current
1
6.7
Ω
1.9
11.1
Ω
IIDL_SINK
1
A
IIDL_SOURCE
0.75
A
OSCILLATOR (OSC)/SYNCHRONIZATION (SYNC)/CLOCK OUTPUT (CKO) (MAX5088 Only)
Clock Output-High Level
VCKOH
VL = 5.2V, ISOURCE = 5mA
Clock Output-Low Level
VCKOL
VL = 5.2V, ISINK = 5mA
ROSC = 5.62kΩ
Switching Frequency
Minimum Controllable On-Time
Maximum Duty Cycle
fSW
V+ = VL = 5.2V
3.54
1900
2100
275
312
350
ROSC = 10kΩ
1130
1250
1380
120
fSW = 2.2MHz
MAX5088
82
87.5
MAX5089
82
87.5
V
2400
ROSC = 41.2kΩ
tON_MIN
DMAX
V
0.4
kHz
ns
%
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX5088/MAX5089
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V+ = VL = 5V or V+ = 5.5V to 23V, VEN = 5V, TA = TJ = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Circuits of Figures 5 and 6. Typical
values are at TA = TJ = +25°C.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER
SYNC Frequency Range
(Note 3)
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
fSYNC
MIN
TYP
200
MAX
UNITS
2200
kHz
Sync Input to SOURCE RisingEdge Phase Delay (Note 4)
SYNCPHASE
ROSC = 10kΩ, fSYNC = 1.2MHz
65
degrees
Clock Output Phase Delay With
Respect to SOURCE Waveform
(Note 5)
CKOPHASE
ROSC = 10kΩ, SYNC = GND
(MAX5088 only)
115
degrees
SYNC High Threshold
VSYNCH
SYNC Low Threshold
VSYNCL
Minimum SYNC High Pulse Width
tSYNC_H
2.0
V
0.8
100
V
ns
EN, RESET (MAX5088)/PGOOD (MAX5089)
EN Threshold
EN Input Bias Current
VIH
2.0
V
VIL
0.8
IEN
250
nA
RESET Threshold (Note 6)
VTH
VFB = VOUT
90
92.5
95
% VOUT
PGOOD Threshold (Note 6)
VTH
VFB = VOUT
90
92.5
95
% VOUT
FB to RESET or FB to PGOOD
Propagation Delay
tFD
3
RESET Active Timeout Period
tRP
RESET, PGOOD Output Voltage
VOL
RESET, PGOOD Output Leakage
Current
ILEAK
V+ = VL = 5.2V, VRESET or
VPGOOD = 6V, VFB = 0.8V
TSHDN
Temperature rising
140
200
ISINK = 3mA
µs
254
ms
0.4
V
2
µA
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
Thermal Shutdown
Thermal-Shutdown Hysteresis
+170
°C
25
°C
Note 1: 100% tested at +125°C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed by design.
Note 2: Output current may be limited by the power dissipation of the package. See the Power Dissipation section in the Applications
Information section.
Note 3: SYNC input frequency is equal to the switching frequency.
Note 4: From the SYNC rising edge to SOURCE rising edge.
Note 5: From the rising edge of the SOURCE waveform to the rising edge of the CKO waveform.
Note 6: RESET goes high 200ms after VOUT crosses this threshold, PGOOD goes high after VOUT crosses this threshold.
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
MAX5088 BUCK EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT
CURRENT (VIN = 12V, fSW = 2.2MHz)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
2.5V
50
EFFICIENCY (%)
60
50
40
30
40
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
0
2500
500
1000
1500
0
500
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
90
3.3V
80
2.5V
75
70
80
75
1.2V
3.3V
70
EFFICIENCY (%)
85
1500
2000
2500
MAX5089 SYNCHRONOUS EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT
CURRENT (VIN = 12V, fSW = 2.2MHz, L = 4.7µH)
MAX5088/89 toc04
95
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
MAX5089 SYNCHRONOUS
EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
(VIN = 12V, fSW = 330kHz, L = 15µH)
EFFICIENCY (%)
2500
2000
65
65
60
55
50
45
60
40
55
35
30
50
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
2500
500
1000
1500
2000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
MAX5089 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT
CURRENT (VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, fSW = 2.2MHz)
VL OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. SWITCHING FREQUENCY
5.190
MAX5088/89 toc06
3.315
3.310
2500
MAX5088/89 toc07
0
3.3V
60
MAX5088/89 toc03
3.3V
EFFICIENCY (%)
2.5V
5.185
VIN = 23V
5.180
3.305
5.175
3.300
VL (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
EFFICIENCY (%)
70
70
MAX5088/89 toc02
3.3V
80
80
MAX5088/89 toc01
90
MAX5088 BUCK EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT
CURRENT (VIN = 16V, fSW = 2.2MHz)
MAX5088/89 toc05
MAX5088 BUCK EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT
CURRENT (VIN = 5V, fSW = 2.2MHz)
3.295
5.170
VIN = 5.5V
5.165
3.290
5.160
3.285
5.155
5.150
3.280
0
500
1000
1500
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
2000
100
600
1100
1600
2100
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX5088/MAX5089
Typical Operating Characteristics
(V+ = VL = 5.2V, TA = +25°C, Figures 5 and 6, unless otherwise noted.)
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(V+ = VL = 5.2V, TA = +25°C, Figures 5 and 6, unless otherwise noted.)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
V+ = 5.25V
0.250
0.200
V+ = 5V
0.150
2100
1000
1600
1350
850
0.050
350
1100
1600
0
2100
ROSC = 20kΩ
ROSC = 40kΩ
100
100
600
ROSC = 10kΩ
1100
600
100
ROSC = 6.04kΩ
1850
0.100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-40
10
60
TEMPERATURE (°C)
RESISTANCE (kΩ)
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
MAX5089 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
(IOUT = 0.2A TO 1A)
MAX5089 LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
(IOUT = 1A, VIN STEP = 14V TO 21V)
MAX5088/89 toc12
MAX5088/89 toc11
VOUT = 3.3V
VIN
VIN = 12V
VOUT = 3.3V
5V/div
VOUT
100mV/div
0V
200mV/div
VOUT
500mA/div
IOUT
0A
20µs/div
100µs/div
MAX5089 LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE
(IOUT = 0.5A TO 2A)
MAX5089 SOFT-START AND SHUTDOWN
(NO LOAD)
MAX5088/89 toc13
MAX5088/89 toc14
VIN = 12V
VOUT = 3.3V
VOUT
VIN = 12V
200mV/div
1V/div
VOUT
0V
1A/div
IOUT
5V/div
VEN
0A
20µs/div
6
MAX5088/89 toc10
0.300
2350
FREQUENCY (kHz)
V+ = 5.5V
0.350
10,000
MAX5088/89 toc09
MAX5088/89 toc08
0.400
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs. TEMPERATURE
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs. ROSC
MAX5089 VL DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs. SWITCHING FREQUENCY
VL DROPOUT VOLTAGE (V)
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
0V
1ms/div
_______________________________________________________________________________________
110
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
MAX5089 SOFT-START AND SHUTDOWN
(IOUT = 2A)
VIN STARTUP WAVEFORM
(EN CONNECTED TO VL)
MAX5088/89 toc15
RESET TIMEOUT
MAX5088/89 toc17
MAX5088/89 toc16
VEN
5V/div
VIN = 12V
VIN
10V/div
VOUT
2V/div
1V/div
VOUT
VEN
VPGOOD
5V/div
0V
5V/div
VEN
5V/div
VOUT
2V/div
5V/div
VRESET
0V
VIN
10V/div
1ms/div
40ms/div
1ms/div
SHUTDOWN CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5088 EXTERNALLY SYNCHRONIZED
SWITCHING WAVEFORM
MAX5088/89 toc18
MAX5088/89 toc19
500
5V/div
VCLKOUT
5V/div
0V
10V/div
VSOURCE
0V
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (µA)
0V
VSYNC
450
400
350
500mV/div
VOUT
300
-40
100ns/div
SWITCHING SUPPLY CURRENT (ISW)
vs. TEMPERATURE
70
50
40
fSYNC = 1.2MHz
30
fSYNC = 600kHz
20
10
2.75
VIN = 12V
VOUT = 3.3V
fSW = 1MHz
2.70
2.65
CURRENT LIMIT (A)
fSYNC = 2.2MHz
60
110
MAX5088/89 toc21
MAX5088
VOUT = 3.3V
IOUT = 1A
60
TEMPERATURE (°C)
CURRENT LIMIT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5088/89 toc20
SWITCHING SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
80
10
2.60
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
fSYNC = 300kHz
0
2.35
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
125
-40
10
60
110
TEMPERATURE (°C)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX5088/MAX5089
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(V+ = VL = 5.2V, TA = +25°C, Figures 5 and 6, unless otherwise noted.)
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
MAX5088/MAX5089
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
1, 2
DRAIN
Internal Power MOSFET Drain Connection. Use the MOSFET as a high-side switch and connect DRAIN to the
input supply.
3
COMP
Transconductance Error Amplifier Output. Connect a compensation network from COMP to SGND or from
COMP to FB to SGND (see the Compensation section).
4
FB
5
OSC
6
BYPASS
7
V+
Input Supply Voltage. V+ can range from 5.5V to 23V. Connect V+ and VL together for 4.5V to 5.5V input
operation. Bypass V+ to SGND with a minimum of 0.1µF ceramic capacitor.
8
VL
Internal Regulator Output. Bypass VL to SGND with a 4.7µF ceramic capacitor and to PGND with a 0.1µF
ceramic capacitor. Connect V+ to VL for 4.5V to 5.5V operation.
CKO
FUNCTION
Feedback Input. Connect a resistive divider from the output to FB to SGND to set the output voltage.
Switching Frequency Set Input. Connect a resistor ROSC from OSC to SGND to set the switching frequency.
When using external synchronization, program ROSC so that (0.2 x fSYNC) ≤ fSW ≤ (1.2 x fSYNC). ROSC is still
required when external synchronization is used.
Reference Bypass Connection. Bypass to SGND with a 0.22µF or greater ceramic capacitor.
Clock Output (MAX5088 Only). CKO is an output with the same frequency as the converter’s switching
frequency and 115° out-of-phase. CKO is used to synchronize the MAX5088 to other MAX5088/MAX5089s.
9
DL
10
SGND
Signal Ground
11
PGND
Power Ground. Connect the rectifier diode’s anode, the input capacitor negative terminal, the output capacitor
negative terminal, and VL bypass capacitor negative terminal to PGND.
12
SOURCE
Internal Power MOSFET Source Connection. Connect SOURCE to the switched side of the inductor as shown in
Figure 5.
13
SYNC
External Synchronization Input. Connect SYNC to an external logic-level clock to synchronize the MAX5088/
MAX5089. Connect SYNC to SGND when not used.
RESET
Open-Drain Active-Low Reset Output (MAX5088 Only). RESET remains low while the converter’s output is
below 92.5% of VOUT’s nominal set point. When VOUT rises above 92.5% of its nominal set point, RESET goes
high after the reset timeout period of 200ms (typ).
PGOOD
Open-Drain Power-Good Output (MAX5089 Only). PGOOD remains low while the output is below 92.5% of its
nominal set point.
15
BST/VDD
Internal MOSFET Driver Supply Input. Connect BST/VDD to an external ceramic capacitor and diode (see
Figure 5).
16
EN
Enable Input. A logic-low turns off the converter. A logic-high turns on the device. Connect EN to VL for an
always-on application.
—
EP
Exposed Pad. Connect to SGND. Solder EP to SGND to enhance thermal dissipation.
14
8
Low-Side Synchronous Rectifier Driver (MAX5089 Only). DL sources 0.7A and sinks 1A to quickly turn on and
off the external synchronous rectifier MOSFET.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
MAX5088/MAX5089
V+
DRAIN
VL
LDO
VL = 5.2V
SYNC
RSENSE
CKO
OSCILLATOR
OSC
4-PULSE
SKIP
BST/VDD
2V
R
200mΩ
1V
Q
N2
BYPASS
SOURCE
Q
ADAPTIVE
BBM
VREF
30Ω
N3
fSW / 4
PGND
EN
DIGITAL
SOFT-START
gm
VREF = 0.6V
FB
COMP
SGND
200mV
RESET
MAX5088
0.92 x VREF
N1
180ms
DELAY
Figure 1. MAX5088 Block Diagram
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
V+
DRAIN
VL
LDO
VL = 5.2V
SYNC
RSENSE
OSCILLATOR
OSC
4-PULSE
SKIP
BST/VDD
2V
R
200mΩ
1V
Q
N2
BYPASS
SOURCE
Q
ADAPTIVE
BBM
30Ω
N3
fSW / 4
VL
VREF
DL
PGND
EN
DIGITAL
SOFT-START
gm
VREF = 0.6V
FB
COMP
SGND
200mV
PGOOD
MAX5089
0.92 x VREF
Figure 2. MAX5089 Block Diagram
10
______________________________________________________________________________________
N1
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
PWM Controller
The MAX5088/MAX5089 use a pulse-width modulation
(PWM) voltage-mode control scheme. The MAX5088 is
a nonsynchronous converter and uses an external lowforward-drop Schottky diode for rectification. The
MAX5089 is a synchronous converter and drives a lowside, low-gate-charge MOSFET for higher efficiency.
The controller generates the clock signal from an internal oscillator or the SYNC input when driven by an
external clock. An internal transconductance error
amplifier produces an integrated error voltage at
COMP, providing high DC accuracy. The voltage at
COMP sets the duty cycle using a PWM comparator
and an internal 1V P-P voltage ramp. At each rising
edge of the clock, the converter’s high-side n-channel
MOSFET turns on and remains on until either the
appropriate or maximum duty cycle is reached or the
maximum current limit for the switch is detected.
MAX5088
During each high-side MOSFET on-time (Figure 5), the
inductor current ramps up. During the second half of
the switching cycle, the high-side MOSFET turns off and
forward biases the Schottky rectifier (D2 in Figure 5).
During this time, the SOURCE voltage is clamped to
0.5V below ground. The inductor releases the stored
energy as its current ramps down, and provides current
to the output. During the MOSFET off-time, when the
Schottky rectifier is conducting, the bootstrap capacitor
(C10 in Figure 5) is recharged from the VL output. At
light loads, the MAX5088 goes in to discontinuous conduction mode operation when the inductor current completely discharges before the next switching cycle
commences. When the MAX5088 operates in discontinuous conduction, the bootstrap capacitor can become
undercharged. To prevent this, an internal low-side 30Ω
switch (see N3 in Figure 1) turns on, during the off-time,
once every 4 clock cycles. This ensures that the negative terminal of the bootstrap capacitor is pulled to
PGND often enough to allow it to fully charge to VL,
ensuring the internal power switch properly turns on.
The operation of the bootstrap capacitor wake-up
switch causes a small increase in the output voltage ripple at light loads. Under overload conditions, when the
inductor current exceeds the peak current limit of the
internal switch, the high-side MOSFET turns off quickly
and waits until the next clock cycle.
MAX5089
The MAX5089 is intended for synchronous buck operation only. During the high-side MOSFET on-time, the
inductor current ramps up. When the MOSFET turns off,
the inductor reverses polarity and forward biases the
Schottky rectifier in parallel with the low-side synchronous MOSFET. The SOURCE voltage is clamped to
0.5V below ground until the break-before-make time
(tBBM) of 25ns is over. After tBBM, the synchronous rectifier MOSFET turns on. The inductor releases the
stored energy as its current ramps down, and continues providing current to the output. The bootstrap
capacitor is also recharged from the VL output when
the MOSFET turns off. The synchronous rectifier keeps
the circuit in continuous conduction mode operation
even at light load. Under overload conditions, when the
inductor current exceeds the peak current limit of the
internal switch, the high-side MOSFET turns off and
waits until the next clock cycle.
The MAX5089, with the synchronous rectifier driver output (DL), has an adaptive break-before-make circuit to
avoid cross conduction between the internal power
MOSFET and the external synchronous rectifier MOSFET.
When the synchronous rectifier MOSFET is turning off,
the internal high-side power MOSFET is kept off until
VDL falls below 0.97V. Similarly, DL does not go high
until the internal power MOSFET gate voltage falls
below 1.24V.
Input Voltage (V+)/Internal Linear
Regulator (VL)
All internal control circuitry operates from an internally
regulated nominal voltage of 5.2V (VL). At higher input
voltages (V+) of 5.5V to 23V, VL is regulated to 5.2V. At
5.5V or below, the internal linear regulator operates in
dropout mode, where VL follows V+. Depending on the
load on VL, the dropout voltage can be high enough to
reduce VL to below the undervoltage lockout (UVLO)
threshold.
For input voltages of lower than 5.5V, connect V+ and
V L together. The load on V L is proportional to the
switching frequency of the converter. See the VL
Output Voltage vs. Switching Frequency graph in the
Typical Operating Characteristics. For an input voltage
higher than 5.5V, use the internal regulator.
Bypass V+ to SGND with a low-ESR 0.1µF or greater
ceramic capacitor placed as close as possible to the
MAX5088/MAX5089. Current spikes from VL disturb the
internal circuitry powered by VL. Bypass VL with a lowESR 0.1µF ceramic capacitor to PGND and a low-ESR
4.7µF ceramic capacitor to SGND.
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX5088/MAX5089
Detailed Description
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
Enable
EN is an active-high input that turns the MAX5088/
MAX5089 on and off. EN is a TTL logic input with 2.0V
and 0.8V logic-high and low levels, respectively. When
EN is asserted high, the internal digital soft-start cycle
slowly ramps up the internal reference and provides a
soft-start at the output. This hysteresis provides immunity to the glitches during logic turn-on of the converter.
Voltage variation at EN can interrupt the soft-start
sequence and can cause a latch-up. Ensure that EN
remains high for at least 5ms once it is asserted. Force
EN low to turn off the internal power MOSFET and cause
RESET to pull low (MAX5088) or cause PGOOD to pull
low (MAX5089). Connect EN to VL when not used.
Soft-Start/Soft-Stop
The MAX5088/MAX5089 include undervoltage lockout
(UVLO) with hysteresis to prevent chattering during
startup. The UVLO circuit holds the MAX5088/MAX5089
off until V+ reaches 4.5V and turns the devices off
when V+ falls below 4.3V. The MAX5088/MAX5089 also
offer a soft-start feature, which reduces surge currents
and glitches on the input during turn-on. During turn-on
when the UVLO threshold is reached or EN goes from
low to high, the digital soft-start ramps up the reference
(VBYPASS) in 64 steps. During a turn-off (by pulling EN
or V+ low), the reference is reduced to zero slowly. The
soft-start and soft-stop periods (tSS) are 4096 cycles of
the internal oscillator. To calculate the soft-start/softstop period use the following equation:
t SS =
4096
fSW
fSW is the switching frequency of the converter.
Oscillator/Synchronization
(SYNC)/Clock Output (CLKOUT)
The clock frequency (or switching frequency) is generated internally and is adjustable through an external
resistor connected from OSC to SGND. The relationship
between ROSC and fSW is:
ROSC =
125 × 108 Ω / s
fSW
The adjustment range for f SW is from 200kHz to
2.2MHz.
Connect a logic-level clock between 200kHz to 2.2MHz
at SYNC to externally synchronize the MAX5088/
MAX5089’s oscillator (see Figure 7). The MAX5088/
MAX5089 synchronize to the rising edge of the SYNC
clock. The rising edge of the SYNC clock corresponds to
12
the turn-on edge of the internal n-channel power MOSFET
with a fixed propagation delay. When operating the
MAX5088/MAX5089 with an external SYNC clock, ROSC
must be installed. Program the internal switching frequency so that (0.2 x fSYNC) ≤ fSW ≤ (1.2 x fSYNC). The
minimum pulse width for fSYNC is 100ns. Connect SYNC
to SGND if synchronization is not used.
The CKO output (MAX5088 only) is a logic-level clock
with the same frequency as fSW and with 115° phase
shift with respect to SYNC clock. Two MAX5088s can
be connected in a master/slave configuration for twophase (180°) interleaved operation. The CKO output of
the master drives the SYNC input of the slave to form a
dual-phase converter. To achieve the 180° out-of-phase
operation, program the internal switching frequency of
both converters close to each other by using the same
ROSC value. When synchronizing the master-slave configuration using external clock, program the internal
switching frequency using ROSC close to the external
clock frequency (fSYNC) for 180° ripple phase operation
(see Figure 7). Any difference in the internal switching
frequency and fSYNC changes the phase delay. If both
master and slave converters use the same power
source, and share input bypass capacitors, the effective switching frequency at the input is twice the switching frequency of the individual converter. Higher ripple
frequency at the input capacitor means a lower RMS
ripple current into the capacitor.
Current Limit
The MAX5088/MAX5089 protect against output overload and short-circuit conditions when operated in a
buck configuration. An internal current-sensing stage
develops a voltage proportional to the instantaneous
switch current. When the switch current reaches 2.8A
(typ) the power MOSFET turns off and remains off until
the next on cycle.
During a severe overload or short-circuit condition when
the output voltage is pulled to ground the discharging
slope of the inductor is VDS (the voltage across the synchronous FET), or VF (the voltage across the rectifying
diode) divided by L. The short off-time does not allow
the current to properly ramp down in the inductor, causing a dangerous current runaway and possibly destruction of the device. To prevent this, the MAX5088/
MAX5089 include a frequency foldback feature. When
the current limit is detected the frequency is reduced to
1/4th of the programmed switching frequency. When the
output voltage falls below 1/3rd of its nominal set point
(VFB = 0.2V) the converter is turned off and soft-start
cycle is initiated. This reduces the RMS current sourced
by the converter during the fault condition.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
Power-on Reset (RESET)
(MAX5088 Only)
RESET is an active-low open-drain output that pulls low
when VOUT falls below 92.5% of its nominal set point.
RESET goes high impedance when VOUT rises above
92.5% of its nominal set point, the soft-start period is
complete, and the 200ms (typ) timeout period has
elapsed. Connect a pullup resistor from RESET to a
logic voltage or to VL. The internal open-drain MOSFET
at RESET can sink 3mA while providing a TTL-compatible logic-low signal. Connect RESET to SGND or leave
unconnected when not used.
Power-Good (PGOOD)
(MAX5089 Only)
PGOOD is an open-drain, active-high output that pulls
low when VOUT is below 92.5% of its nominal set point
and goes high impedance when V OUT goes above
92.5% its nominal set point. Connect a pullup resistor
from PGOOD to a logic voltage or to VL. PGOOD can sink
up to 3mA while still providing a TTL-compatible logic-low
output. Pulling EN low forces PGOOD low. Connect
PGOOD to SGND or leave unconnected when not used.
Thermal-Overload Protection
During a continuous output short-circuit or overload
condition, the power dissipation in the MAX5088/
MAX5089 can exceed its limit. The MAX5088/MAX5089
provide an internal thermal shutdown to turn off the
device when the die temperature reaches +170°C. A
thermal sensor monitors the die temperature and turns
the device on again when the die temperature reduces
by +25°C. During thermal shutdown, the internal power
MOSFET shuts off, DL pulls to SGND, VL shuts down,
RESET (MAX5088)/PGOOD (MAX5089) pulls low, and
soft-start resets.
Applications Information
Setting the Switching Frequency
The controller generates the switching frequency (fSW)
through the internal oscillator or the signal at SYNC
(f SYNC ), when driven by an external oscillator. The
switching frequency is equal to fSW or fSYNC.
A resistor, ROSC, from OSC to SGND sets the internal
oscillator. The relationship between fSW and ROSC is:
ROSC =
125 × 108
fSW
where fSW is in Hertz, and ROSC is in ohms. For example, a 1.25MHz switching frequency is set with ROSC =
10kΩ. Higher frequencies allow designs with lower
inductor values and less output capacitance.
Consequently, peak currents and I2R losses are lower
at higher switching frequencies, but core losses, gatecharge currents, and switching losses increase.
Rising clock edges on SYNC are interpreted as a synchronization input. If the SYNC signal is lost, the internal
oscillator takes control of the switching rate, returning
the switching frequency to that set by ROSC. This maintains output regulation even with intermittent SYNC signals. When using an external synchronization signal, set
ROSC so that (0.2 x fSYNC) ≤ fSW ≤ (1.2 x fSYNC).
Buck Converter
Use the internal n-channel power MOSFET as a highside switch to configure the MAX5088/MAX5089 as a
buck converter. In this configuration, SOURCE is connected to the inductor, DRAIN is connected to the
input, and BST/VDD connects to the cathode of the
bootstrap diode and capacitor. Figures 5 and 6 show
the typical application circuits for MAX5088/MAX5089,
respectively, in a buck configuration.
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
MAX5088/MAX5089
At high input-to-output differential, and high switching
frequency, the on-time drops to the order of 100ns.
Even though the MAX5088/MAX5089 can control the
on-time as low as 100ns, the internal current-limit circuit
may not detect the overcurrent within this time. In that
case, the output current during the fault may exceed the
current limit specified in the Electrical Characteristics
table. The MAX5088/MAX5089 may still be protected
against the output short-circuit fault through the
overtemperature shutdown. However, the output current may be as high as 5.5A. If the minimum on-time for
a given frequency and duty cycle is less than 200ns,
choose the inductor with a saturation current of greater
than 5.5A.
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
Effective Input Voltage Range
The MAX5088/MAX5089 can operate with input supplies ranging from 4.5V to 5.5V or 5.5V to 23V. The
input voltage range (V+) can be constrained to a minimum by the duty-cycle limitations and to a maximum by
the on-time limitation. The minimum input voltage is
determined by:
V
+ VDROP1
VIN _ MIN = OUT
+ VDROP2 − VDROP1
DMAX
D MAX is the maximum duty cycle of 87.5% (typ).
VDROP1 is the total drop in the inductor discharge path
that includes the diode’s forward voltage drop (or the
drop across the synchronous rectifier MOSFET), and
the drops across the series resistance of the inductor
and PC board traces. VDROP2 is the total drop in the
inductors charging path, which includes the drop
across the internal power MOSFET, and the drops
across the series resistance of the inductor and PC
board traces.
The maximum input voltage can be determined by:
VOUT
VIN _ MAX =
t ON _ MIN × fSW
where tON_MIN = 100ns and fSW is the switching frequency.
Setting the Output Voltage
For 0.6V or greater output voltages, connect a resistive
divider from VOUT to FB to SGND. Select the FB to
SGND resistor (R2) between 1kΩ and 10kΩ and calculate the resistor from OUT to FB (R1) by the following
equation:
V
R1 = R2 × OUT − 1
V
FB
where VFB = 0.6V, see Figure 3.
For designs that use a Type III compensation scheme,
first calculate R1 for stability requirements (see the
Compensation section) then choose R2 so that:
R2 =
R1 × VFB
VOUT − VFB
See Figure 4.
Inductor Selection
Three key inductor parameters must be specified for
operation with the MAX5088/MAX5089: inductance
14
value (L), peak inductor current (IPEAK), and inductor
saturation current (ISAT). The minimum required inductance is a function of operating frequency, input-to-output voltage differential, and the peak-to-peak inductor
current (∆IP-P). Higher ∆IP-P allows for a lower inductor
value, while a lower ∆IP-P requires a higher inductor
value. A lower inductor value minimizes size and cost,
improves large-signal and transient response, but
reduces efficiency due to higher peak currents and
higher peak-to-peak output voltage ripple for the same
output capacitor. On the other hand, higher inductance
increases efficiency by reducing the ripple current.
Resistive losses due to extra wire turns can exceed the
benefit gained from lower ripple current levels especially when the inductance is increased without also allowing for larger inductor dimensions. A good compromise
is to choose ∆IP-P equal to 30% of the full load current.
Use the following equation to calculate the inductance:
V
(V − V
)
L = OUT IN OUT
VIN × fSW × ∆IP−P
VIN and VOUT are typical values so that efficiency is
optimum for typical conditions. The switching frequency
is set by ROSC (see the Setting the Switching Frequency
section). The peak-to-peak inductor current, which
reflects the peak-to-peak output ripple, is worse at the
maximum input voltage. See the Output Capacitor
Selection section to verify that the worst-case output ripple is acceptable. The inductor saturation current is also
important to avoid runaway current during continuous
output short-circuit. At high input-to-output differential,
and high switching frequency, the on-time drops to the
order of 100ns. Though the MAX5088/MAX5089 can
control the on-time as low as 100ns, the internal currentlimit circuit may not detect the overcurrent within this
time. In that case, the output current during the fault
may exceed the current limit specified in the EC table.
The overtemperature shutdown protects the
MAX5088/MAX5089 against the output short-circuit
fault. However, the output current may reach 5.5A.
Choose an inductor with a saturation current of greater
than 5.5A when the minimum on-time for a given frequency and duty cycle is less than 200ns.
Input Capacitors
The discontinuous input current of the buck converter
causes large input ripple current. The switching frequency, peak inductor current, and the allowable peak-topeak input voltage ripple dictate the input capacitance
requirement. Increasing the switching frequency or the
inductor value lowers the peak-to-average current ratio
yielding a lower input capacitance requirement.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
ESR =
CIN =
∆VESR
∆IP−P
IOUT +
2
IOUT × D(1− D)
∆VQ × fSW
where
∆IP−P =
(VIN − VOUT ) × VOUT
VIN × fSW × L
and
V
D = OUT
VIN
where IOUT is the output current, D is the duty cycle,
and f SW is the switching frequency. Use additional
input capacitance at lower input voltages to avoid possible undershoot below the UVLO threshold during
transient loading.
Output Capacitors
The allowable output voltage ripple and the maximum
deviation of the output voltage during step load currents determine the output capacitance and its ESR.
The output ripple comprises of ∆VQ (caused by the
capacitor discharge) and ∆VESR (caused by the ESR of
the output capacitor). Use low-ESR ceramic or aluminum electrolytic capacitors at the output. For aluminum electrolytic capacitors, the entire output ripple is
contributed by ∆VESR. Use the ESROUT equation to calculate the ESR requirement and choose the capacitor
accordingly. If using ceramic capacitors, assume the
contribution to the output ripple voltage from the ESR
and the capacitor discharge to be equal. The following
equations show the output capacitance and ESR
requirement for a specified output voltage ripple.
∆VESR
∆IP-P
∆IP-P
COUT =
8 × ∆VQ × fSW
ESR =
where:
∆IP −P =
(VIN − VOUT ) × VOUT
VIN × fSW × L
VOUT _ RIPPLE ≅ ∆VESR + ∆VQ
∆IP-P is the peak-to-peak inductor current as calculated
above and fSW is the individual converter’s switching
frequency.
The allowable deviation of the output voltage during
fast transient loads also determines the output capacitance and its ESR. The output capacitor supplies the
step load current until the controller responds with a
greater duty cycle. The response time (tRESPONSE )
depends on the closed-loop bandwidth of the converter. The high switching frequency of MAX5088/
MAX5089 allows for a higher closed-loop bandwidth,
thus reducing tRESPONSE and the output capacitance
requirement. The resistive drop across the output
capacitor’s ESR and the capacitor discharge causes a
voltage droop during a step load. Use a combination of
low-ESR tantalum and ceramic capacitors for better
transient load and ripple/noise performance. Keep the
maximum output voltage deviation below the tolerable
limits of the electronics being powered. When using a
ceramic capacitor, assume an 80% and 20% contribution from the output capacitance discharge and the
ESR drop, respectively. Use the following equations to
calculate the required ESR and capacitance value:
∆VESR
ESROUT =
ISTEP
×t
I
COUT = STEP RESPONSE
∆VQ
where I STEP is the load step and t RESPONSE is the
response time of the controller. The controller response
time depends on the control-loop bandwidth.
Power Dissipation
The MAX5088/MAX5089 are available in thermally
enhanced 16-pin, 5mm x 5mm TQFN packages that
dissipate up to 2.7W at TA = +70°C. When the die temperature reaches +170°C, the MAX5088/MAX5089 shut
down (see the Thermal-Overload Protection section).
The power dissipated in the device is the sum of the
power dissipated from supply current (PQ), power dissipated due to switching the internal power MOSFET
(PSW), and the power dissipated due to the RMS cur-
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
MAX5088/MAX5089
The input ripple comprises mainly of ∆VQ (caused by the
capacitor discharge) and ∆VESR (caused by the ESR of
the input capacitor). The total voltage ripple is the sum of
∆VQ and ∆VESR. Assume the input voltage ripple from
the ESR and the capacitor discharge is equal to 50%
each. The following equations show the ESR and capacitor requirement for a target voltage ripple at the input:
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
rent through the internal power MOSFET (PMOSFET).
The total power dissipated in the package must be limited so the junction temperature does not exceed its
absolute maximum rating of +150°C at maximum ambient temperature. Calculate the power lost in the
MAX5088/MAX5089 using the following equations:
The power dissipated in the switch is:
PMOSFET = IRMS_MOSFET x RON
where:
2
∆I
×D
IRMS _ MOSFET = (IOUT2 × D) + P−P
12
∆IP-P is the peak-to-peak inductor current ripple.
The power lost due to switching the internal power
MOSFET is:
PSW =
VIN × IOUT × (tR + tF ) × fSW
4
tR and tF are the rise and fall times of the internal power
MOSFET measured at SOURCE.
The power lost due to the switching quiescent current
of the device is:
PQ = VIN x ISW
(MAX5088)
The switching quiescent current (I SW ) of the
MAX5088/MAX5089 is dependent on switching frequency. See the Typical Operating Characteristics section for the value of ISW at a given frequency.
In the case of the MAX5089, the switching current
includes the synchronous rectifier MOSFET gate-drive
current (ISW-DL). The ISW-DL depends on the total gate
charge (Qg-DL) of the synchronous rectifier MOSFET
and the switching frequency.
(MAX5089)
PQ = VIN x (ISW + ISW-DL)
ISW-DL = Qg-DL x fSW
where the Qg-DL is the total gate charge of the synchronous rectifier MOSFET at VGS = 5V.
The total power dissipated in the device is:
PTOTAL = PMOSFET + PSW + PQ
Calculate the temperature rise of the die using the following equation:
TJ = TC + (PTOTAL x θJC)
16
θJC is the junction-to-case thermal resistance equal to
1.7°C/W. TC is the temperature of the case and TJ is
the junction temperature, or die temperature. The caseto-ambient thermal resistance is dependent on how
well heat can be transferred from the PC board to the
air. Solder the underside exposed pad to a large copper GND plane. If the die temperature reaches +170°C
the MAX5088/MAX5089 shut down and do not restart
again until the die temperature cools by 25°C.
Compensation
The MAX5088/MAX5089 have an internal transconductance error amplifier with an inverting input (FB) and
output (COMP) available for external frequency compensation. The flexibility of external compensation and
high switching frequencies for the MAX5088/MAX5089
allow a wide selection of output filtering components,
especially the output capacitor. For cost-sensitive
applications, use high-ESR aluminum electrolytic
capacitors. For size sensitive applications, use low-ESR
tantalum or ceramic capacitors at the output.
Before designing the compensation components, first
choose all the passive power components that meet
the output ripple, component size, and component cost
requirements. Secondly, choose the compensation
components to achieve the desired closed-loop bandwidth and phase margin. Use a simple 1-zero, 2-pole
pair (Type II) compensation if the output capacitor ESR
zero frequency (f ZESR ) is below the unity-gain
crossover frequency (fC). Use a 2-zero, 2-pole (Type
III) compensation when the fZESR is higher than fC.
Use procedure 1 to calculate the compensation network components when fZESR < fC.
Procedure 1 (see Figure 3)
Calculate the fZESR and fLC double pole:
fZESR =
fLC =
1
2π × ESR × COUT
1
2π × L × COUT
Calculate the unity-gain crossover frequency as:
f
fC = SW
20
If fZESR is lower than fC and close to fLC, use a Type II
compensation network where RFCF provides a midband
zero (fmid,zero) and RFCCF provides a high-frequency pole.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
GM =
VIN
ESR
V
×
× FB
VOSC ESR+ (2π × fc × L) VOUT
First, select the crossover frequency so that:
f
fC ≤ SW
20
Calculate the LC double-pole frequency, fLC:
fLC =
where VOSC is the 1VP-P ramp amplitude and VFB = 0.6V.
The transconductance error amplifier gain at fC is:
GE/A = gm x RF
The total loop gain at fC should be equal to 1:
GM = GE/A = 1
RF =
VOSC (ESR + 2π × fC × L)VOUT
VFB × VIN × gm × ESR
Place a zero at or below the LC double pole:
1
CF =
2π × RF × fLC
Place a high-frequency pole at fP = 0.5 x fSW. Therefore
CCF is:
CCF =
1
π × RF × fSW
Procedure 2 (see Figure 4)
When using a low-ESR ceramic-type capacitor as the
output capacitor, the ESR frequency is much higher
than the targeted unity-gain crossover frequency (fC).
In this case, Type III compensation is recommended.
Type III compensation provides a low-frequency pole
(≈DC) and two pole-zero pairs. The locations of the
zero and poles should be such that the phase margin
peaks at fC.
fC fP
=
=5
The fZ fC
is a good number to get approximately 60° of phase margin at fC. However, it is important to
place the two zeros at or below the double pole to
avoid conditional stability.
2π × L × COUT
Place a zero fZ =
where:
or
1
1
at 0.75 × fLC
2π × R F × C F
1
2π × 0.75 × fLC × RF
CF =
with RF ≥ 10kΩ.
Calculate CA for a target unity crossover frequency, fC:
CA =
2π × fC × L × COUT × VOSC
VIN × RF
Place a pole ( fP1 =
1
) at fZESR.
2π × R A × C A
RA =
1
2π × fZESR × C A
Place a second zero, fZ2, at 0.2 x fC or at fLC, whichever is lower.
R1 =
1
− RA
2π × fZ2 × C A
1
)
2π × RF × CCF
at 1/2 the switching frequency.
Place a second pole (f P2 =
CCF =
CF
(2π × 0.5 × fSW × RF × CF ) -1
______________________________________________________________________________________
17
MAX5088/MAX5089
Calculate the modulator gain (GM) at the crossover frequency.
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
VOUT
R1
COMP
gm
R2
VREF
CCF
RF
CF
Figure 3. Type II Compensation Network
VOUT
CCF
RA
R1
CF
RF
CA
gm
R2
COMP
VREF
Figure 4. Type III Compensation Network
18
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
PC Board Layout Guidelines
Careful PC board layout is critical to achieve lowswitching power losses and clean stable operation.
Use a multilayer board whenever possible for better
noise immunity. Follow these guidelines for good PC
board layout:
1) Solder the exposed pad to a large copper plane
under the IC. To effectively use this copper area as
a heat exchanger between the PC board and the
ambient, expose this copper area on the top and
bottom side of the PC board. Do not make a direct
connection of the exposed pad copper plane to the
SGND (Pin 10) underneath the IC. Connect this
plane and SGND together at the return terminal of
the V+ bypass capacitor
2) Isolate the power components and high-current
paths from sensitive analog circuitry.
3) Keep the high-current paths short, especially at the
ground terminals. This practice is essential for stable, jitter-free operation.
4) Connect SGND and PGND together close to the
return terminals of the VL and V+ high-frequency
bypass capacitors near the IC. Do not connect them
together anywhere else.
5) Keep the power traces and load connections short.
This practice is essential for high efficiency. Use
thick copper PC boards to enhance full-load efficiency and power dissipation capability.
6) Ensure that the feedback connection from FB to
COUT is short and direct.
7) Route high-speed switching nodes (BST/VDD,
SOURCE) away from the sensitive analog areas
(BYPASS, COMP, FB, and OSC). Use internal PC
board layers for SGND as EMI shields to keep radiated noise away from the IC, feedback dividers, and
the analog bypass capacitors.
Layout Procedure
1) Place the power components (inductor, CIN, and
C OUT) first, with ground terminals close to each
other. Make all these connections on the top layer
with wide, copper-filled areas (2oz copper recommended).
2) Group the gate-drive components (boost diodes
and capacitors, and VL bypass capacitor) together
near the controller IC.
3) Make the ground connections as follows:
a) Create a small-signal ground plane underneath
the IC.
b) Connect this plane to SGND and use this plane
for the ground connection for BYPASS, COMP,
FB, and OSC.
c) Connect SGND and PGND together at the
return terminal of V+ and VL bypass capacitors
near the IC. Make this the only connection
between SGND and PGND.
______________________________________________________________________________________
19
MAX5088/MAX5089
Improving Noise Immunity
When using the MAX5088/MAX5089 in noisy environments, adjust the controller’s compensation to improve
the system’s noise immunity. In particular, high-frequency noise coupled into the feedback loop causes
duty-cycle jitter. One solution is to lower the crossover
frequency (see the Compensation section).
20
PGND
VIN
+
Figure 5. MAX5088 Buck Configuration
______________________________________________________________________________________
SGND
R2
6.04kΩ
1%
PGND
R3
750Ω
1%
R1
27.4kΩ
1%
C5
330pF
VOUT
C1
47µF
35V
VIN
C8
0.1µF
C6
0.1µF
VL
C9
4.7µF
R5
6.04kΩ
1%
VIN
C3
1200pF
R4
10kΩ
1%
C7
0.22µF
C4
22pF
C2
10µF
10
8
11
7
4
3
2
1
SGND
VL
OSC
SYNC
RESET
EN
CKO
SOURCE
BST/VDD
MAX5088
BYPASS
PGND
V+
FB
COMP
DRAIN
DRAIN
9
12
15
13
14
16
JU1
R8
10kΩ
R7
15Ω
VL
VL
D2
C10
0.1µF
D1
VL
R10
10kΩ
R9
10kΩ
L1
4.7µH
C11
22µF
C12
0.1µF
VOUT
SYNC
SGND
PGND
VOUT
PGOOD
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
PGND
VIN
+
SGND
R2
6.04kΩ
1%
R3
750Ω
1%
R1
27.4kΩ
1%
PGND
C5
330pF
VOUT
C1
47µF
35V
VIN
C8
0.1µF
C6
0.1µF
VL
C9
4.7µF
R5
6.04kΩ
1%
VIN
C3
1200pF
R4
10kΩ
1%
C7
0.22µF
C4
22pF
C2
10µF
10
8
11
7
4
3
2
1
SGND
VL
OSC
EN
DL
SOURCE
BST/VDD
SYNC
PGOOD
MAX5089
BYPASS
PGND
V+
FB
COMP
DRAIN
DRAIN
9
12
15
13
14
16
R6
4.7Ω
R7
15Ω
JU1
R8
10kΩ
VL
3
N1
C10
0.1µF
D1
VL
R10
10kΩ
4
1 256
R9
10kΩ
D2
C11
22µF
L1
4.7µH
C12
0.1µF
VOUT
SYNC
SGND
PGND
VOUT
PGOOD
MAX5088/MAX5089
VL
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
Figure 6. MAX5089 Buck Configuration
______________________________________________________________________________________
21
VIN
CIN
V+
V+
DRAIN
DRAIN
OUTPUT1
SOURCE
SOURCE
OUTPUT2
DUTY CYCLE = 50%
SYNC
CLKIN
SYNC
CLKOUT
SLAVE
MASTER
SYNC
CLKOUT
(MASTER)
SOURCE
(MASTER)
SYNCPHASE
SOURCE
(SLAVE)
CLKOUTPHASE
Figure 7. Synchronized Converters
Chip Information
Pin Configurations (continued)
PGND
SGND
DL
PROCESS: BiCMOS
SOURCE
TOP VIEW
12
11
10
9
SYNC 13
8
VL
PGOOD 14
7
V+
6
BYPASS
5
OSC
MAX5089
BST/VDD 15
*EXPOSED PAD.
22
2
3
4
FB
1
COMP
EP*
+
DRAIN
EN 16
DRAIN
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
THIN QFN
5mm x 5mm
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
QFN THIN.EPS
______________________________________________________________________________________
23
MAX5088/MAX5089
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
MAX5088/MAX5089
2.2MHz, 2A Buck Converters with an
Integrated High-Side Switch
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
24 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 2006 Maxim Integrated Products
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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