19-1476; Rev 0; 4/99
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
The MAX5171/MAX5173 low-power, serial, voltage-output,
14-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) feature a precision output amplifier in a space-saving 16-pin QSOP
package. The MAX5171 operates from a +5V single supply, and the MAX5173 operates from a +3V single supply.
The output amplifier’s inverting input is available to allow
specific gain configurations, remote sensing, and high
output current capability. This makes the MAX5171/
MAX5173 ideal for a wide range of applications, including
industrial process control. Both devices draw only 260µA
of supply current, which reduces to 1µA in shutdown
mode. In addition, the programmable power-up reset feature allows for a user-selectable output voltage of either 0
or midscale.
The 3-wire serial interface is compatible with SPI™,
QSPI™, and MICROWIRE™ standards. An input register
followed by a DAC register provides a double-buffered
input, allowing the input and DAC registers to be updated
independently or simultaneously with a 16-bit serial word.
Additional features include software and hardware shutdown, shutdown lockout, a hardware clear pin, and a reference input capable of accepting DC and offset AC
signals. These devices provide a programmable digital
output pin for added functionality and a serial-data output
pin for daisy-chaining. All logic inputs are TTL/CMOScompatible and are internally buffered with Schmitt triggers to allow direct interfacing to optocouplers.
The MAX5171/MAX5173 incorporate a proprietary on-chip
circuit that keeps the output voltage virtually “glitch free,”
limiting the glitches to a few millivolts during power-up.
Both devices are available in 16-pin QSOP packages and
are specified for the extended (-40°C to +85°C) temperature range. The MAX5171/MAX5173 are pin-compatible
upgrades to the 12-bit MAX5175/MAX5177. For 100% pincompatible DACs with an internal reference, see the 13-bit
MAX5132/MAX5133 and the 12-bit MAX5122/MAX5123
data sheets.
Applications
Digitally Programmable 4–20mA Current Loops
Industrial Process Control
Digital Offset and Gain Adjustment
Motion Control
Features
♦ ±1 LSB INL
♦ 1µA Shutdown Current
♦ “Glitch Free” Output Voltage at Power-Up
♦ Single-Supply Operation: +5V (MAX5171)
+3V (MAX5173)
♦ Full-Scale Output Range:
+2.048V (MAX5173, VREF = +1.25V)
+4.096V (MAX5171, VREF = +2.5V )
♦ Rail-to-Rail® Output Amplifier
♦ Low THD (-80dB) in Multiplying Operation
♦ SPI/QSPI/MICROWIRE-Compatible 3-Wire
Serial Interface
♦ Programmable Shutdown Mode and Power-Up
Reset
♦ Buffered Output Capable of Driving 5kΩ || 100pF
Loads
♦ User-Programmable Digital Output Pin Allows
Serial Control of External Components
♦ Pin-Compatible Upgrade to the 12-Bit
MAX5175/MAX5177
Ordering Information
TEMP. RANGE
PIN-PACKAGE
MAX5171AEEE
-40°C to +85°C
16 QSOP
±1
MAX5171BEEE
MAX5173AEEE
MAX5173BEEE
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
16 QSOP
16 QSOP
16 QSOP
±2
±2
±4
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
FB 1
16 VDD
OUT 2
15 N.C.
RS 3
14 REF
PDL 4
CLR 5
Automatic Test Equipment (ATE)
Remote Industrial Controls
µP-Controlled Systems
SPI and QSPI are trademarks of Motorola, Inc.
MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp.
Rail-to-Rail is a registered trademark of Nippon Motorola, Ltd.
INL
(LSB)
PART
MAX5171
MAX5173
13 AGND
12 SHDN
CS 6
11 UPO
DIN 7
10 DOUT
SCLK 8
9
DGND
QSOP
Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
1
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800.
For small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769.
MAX5171/MAX5173
General Description
MAX5171/MAX5173
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VDD to AGND, DGND ............................................-0.3V to +6.0V
AGND to DGND.....................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
Digital Inputs to DGND..........................................-0.3V to +6.0V
DOUT, UPO to DGND ................................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
FB, OUT, REF to AGND .............................-0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Maximum Current into Any Pin............................................50mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
16-pin QSOP (derate 8mW/°C above +70°C)..............667mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX5171
(VDD = +5.0V ±10%, VREF = +2.5V, AGND = DGND, FB = OUT, RL = 5kΩ, CL = 100pF referenced to ground, TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
STATIC PERFORMANCE
Resolution
14
Bits
MAX5171A
±1
MAX5171B
±2
Integral Nonlinearity (Note 1)
INL
Differential Nonlinearity
DNL
±1
LSB
Offset Error (Note 2)
VOS
±10
mV
Gain Error
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
GE
RL = ∞
-0.6
±4
RL = 5kΩ
-1.6
±8
10
120
PSRR
Output Noise Voltage
f = 100kHz
Output Thermal Noise Density
LSB
LSB
µV/V
1
LSBp-p
50
nV/√Hz
REFERENCE
Reference Input Range
VREF
0
Reference Input Resistance
RREF
18
VDD - 1.4
V
kΩ
MULTIPLYING-MODE PERFORMANCE
Reference -3dB Bandwidth
VREF = 0.5Vp-p + 2.5VDC, slew-rate limited
350
kHz
Reference Feedthrough
VREF = 3.6Vp-p + 1.8VDC, f = 1kHz,
code = all 0s
-84
dB
VREF = 1.4Vp-p + 2.5VDC, f = 10kHz,
code = 3FFF hex
84
dB
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion
Ratio
SINAD
DIGITAL INPUTS
Input High Voltage
VIH
Input Low Voltage
VIL
Input Hysteresis
3
VHYS
Input Leakage Current
IIN
Input Capacitance
CIN
V
0.8
200
VIN = 0 or VDD
0.001
V
mV
±1
8
µA
pF
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage
VOH
ISOURCE = 2mA
Output Low Voltage
VOL
ISINK = 2mA
2
VDD - 0.5
V
0.13
_______________________________________________________________________________________
0.4
V
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
(VDD = +5V ±10%, VREF = +2.5V, AGND = DGND, FB = OUT, RL = 5kΩ, CL = 100pF referenced to ground, TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Voltage Output Slew Rate
SR
Output Settling Time
To ±0.5LSB, from 10mV to full scale
Output Voltage Swing (Note 3)
0.6
V/µs
12
µs
0
Current into FB
-0.1
Time Required to Exit Shutdown
CS = VDD; fSCLK = 100kHz, VSCLK = 5Vp-p
Digital Feedthrough
VDD
0
0.1
V
µA
40
µs
1
nV-s
POWER SUPPLIES
Positive Supply Voltage
VDD
Power-Supply Current (Note 4)
IDD
4.5
Shutdown Current (Note 4)
5.5
V
0.26
0.35
mA
1
10
µA
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
SCLK Clock Period
tCP
100
ns
SCLK Pulse Width High
tCH
40
ns
SCLK Pulse Width Low
tCL
40
ns
CS Fall to SCLK Rise Setup
Time
tCSS
40
ns
SCLK Rise to CS Rise Hold
Time
tCSH
0
ns
SDI Setup Time
tDS
40
ns
SDI Hold Time
tDH
0
ns
SCLK Rise to DOUT Valid
Propagation Delay
tDO1
CLOAD = 200pF
80
ns
SCLK Fall to DOUT Valid
Propagation Delay
tDO2
CLOAD = 200pF
80
ns
SCLK Rise to CS Fall Delay
tCS0
10
ns
CS Rise to SCLK Rise Hold Time
tCS1
40
ns
CS Pulse Width High
tCSW
100
ns
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX5171/MAX5173
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX5171 (continued)
MAX5171/MAX5173
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX5173
(VDD = +2.7V to +3.6V, VREF = 1.25V, AGND = DGND, FB = OUT, RL = 5kΩ, CL = 100pF referenced to ground, TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C).
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
STATIC PERFORMANCE
Resolution
14
Integral Nonlinearity (Note 5)
INL
Differential Nonlinearity
DNL
Offset Error (Note 2)
VOS
Gain Error
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
GE
±2
MAX5173B
±4
LSB
±10
mV
-0.6
±4
RL = 5kΩ
-1.6
±8
10
120
f = 100kHz
Output Thermal Noise Density
LSB
±1
RL = ∞
PSRR
Output Noise Voltage
Bits
MAX5173A
LSB
µV/V
2
LSBp-p
50
nV/√Hz
REFERENCE
Reference Input Range
VREF
0
Reference Input Resistance
RREF
18
VDD - 1.4
V
kΩ
MULTIPLYING-MODE PERFORMANCE
Reference -3dB Bandwidth
VREF = 0.5Vp-p + 1.25VDC, slew-rate limited
350
kHz
Reference Feedthrough
VREF = 1.6Vp-p + 0.8VDC, f = 1kHz,
code = all 0s
-84
dB
VREF = 0.9Vp-p + 1.25VDC, f = 10kHz,
code = 3 FFF Hex
78
dB
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion
Ratio
SINAD
DIGITAL INPUTS
Input High Voltage
VIH
Input Low Voltage
VIL
Input Hysteresis
2.2
VHYS
Input Leakage Current
IIN
Input Capacitance
CIN
V
0.8
200
VIN = 0 or VDD
-1
0.001
V
mV
±1
8
µA
pF
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage
VOH
ISOURCE = 2mA
Output Low Voltage
VOL
ISINK = 2mA
4
VDD - 0.5
V
0.13
_______________________________________________________________________________________
0.4
V
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
(VDD = +2.7V to +3.6V, VREF = 1.25V, AGND = DGND, FB = OUT, RL = 5kΩ, CL = 100pF referenced to ground, TA = TMIN to TMAX,
unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C).
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Voltage Output Slew Rate
SR
Output Settling Time
0.6
To ±0.5LSB, from 10mV to full-scale
Output Voltage Swing (Note 3)
12
0
Current into FB
-0.1
Time Required to Exit Shutdown
CS = VDD, DIN = 50kHz; fSCLK = 100kHz,
VSCLK = 3Vp-p
Digital Feedthrough
V/µs
0
µs
VDD
V
0.1
µA
40
µs
1
nV-s
POWER SUPPLIES
Positive Supply Voltage
VDD
Power-Supply Current (Note 4)
IDD
2.7
Shutdown Current (Note 4)
3.6
V
0.26
0.35
mA
1
10
µA
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
SCLK Clock Period
tCP
150
ns
SCLK Pulse Width High
tCH
75
ns
SCLK Pulse Width Low
tCL
75
ns
CS Fall to SCLK Rise Setup
Time
tCSS
60
ns
SCLK Rise to CS Rise Hold
Time
tCSS
0
ns
SDI Setup Time
tDS
60
ns
SDI Hold Time
tDH
0
ns
SCLK Rise to DOUT Valid
Propagation Delay
tDO1
CLOAD = 200pF
200
ns
SCLK Fall to DOUT Valid
Propagation Delay
tDO2
CLOAD = 200pF
200
ns
SCLK Rise to CS Fall Delay
tCS0
10
ns
CS Rise to SCLK Rise Hold Time
tCS1
75
ns
CS Pulse Width High
tCSW
150
ns
Note 1:
Note 2:
Note 3:
Note 4:
Note 5:
INL guaranteed between codes 64 and 16383.
Offset is measured at the code that comes closest to 10mV.
Accuracy is better than 1.0 LSB for VOUT = 10mV to VDD - 180mV. Guaranteed by PSR test on end points.
RL = open and digital inputs are either VDD or DGND.
INL guaranteed between codes 128 and 16383.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX5171/MAX5173
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—MAX5173 (continued)
Typical Operating Characteristics
(MAX5171: VDD = +5V, VREF = 2.5V; MAX5173: VDD = +3V, VREF = 1.25V; CL = 100pF, FB = OUT, code = 3FFF hex, TA = +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
MAX5171
NO LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
270
260
250
240
230
220
262
260
258
256
254
252
MAX5171 toc03
264
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
280
1.4
MAX5171-02
290
266
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
MAX5171 toc01
300
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
250
210
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
5.4
0.8
-50
248
5.6
-50
-30
-10
10
30
50
70
90
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD RESISTANCE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
3.0
MAX5171-04
2.49950
2.5
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.49946
2.49942
2.49938
-30
-10
10
30
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
MAX5171-05
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
NO LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
310
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
70
90
MAX5171-06
5V
VCS
5V/div
0
2.0
1.5
2.5V
VOUT
1V/div
1.0
2.49934
10mV
0.5
-30
-10
10
30
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
0
90
10
10k
LOAD RESISTANCE (Ω)
2µs/div
100k
5V
-80
0
-82
2.5V
VOUT
1V/div
REFERENCE FEEDTHROUGH
MAX5171-08
-78
MAX5171-07
0
VREF = 1.8VDC + 3.6Vp-p at f = 1kHz
VOUT/VREF
12.5dB/div
-84
-86
-88
10mV
-90
-92
2µs/div
6
1k
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
VCS
5V/div
100
MAX5171 toc9
2.49930
-50
THD + NOISE (dB)
MAX5171/MAX5173
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
10
100
1k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10k
100k
20
FREQUENCY (Hz)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
10k
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
MAX5171
DIGITAL FEEDTHROUGH
MAX5171 toc11
MAX5171 toc10
VREF = 2.5VDC + 1.414Vp-p
MAX5171 toc12
MAJOR-CARRY TRANSITION
FFT PLOT
VCS
2V/div
VOUT
2mV/div
VOUT/VREF
12.5dB/div
VOUT
100mV/div
0
20
VSCLK
5V/div
100k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
5µs/div
AC-COUPLED
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
INPUT FREQUENCY RESPONSE
MAX5171 toc14
START-UP GLITCH
MAX5171-13
0
400ns/div
-5
GAIN (dB)
VDD
1V/div
-10
-15
VOUT
10mV/div
AC-COUPLED
-20
VREF = 0.67Vp-p + 2.5VDC
-25
0
500
1000 1500 2000
FREQUENCY (kHz)
2500
3000
50ms/div
MAX5173
265
260
255
250
245
240
MAX5173-16
266
264
262
260
258
256
254
235
252
230
2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
-50
-30
-10
10
30
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
0.60
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
270
268
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
275
MAX5171 toc15
280
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX5173 toc17
NO-LOAD SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
0.58
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.44
-50
-30
-10
10
30
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
_______________________________________________________________________________________
90
7
MAX5171/MAX5173
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX5171: VDD = +5V, VREF = 2.5V; MAX5173: VDD = +3V, VREF = 1.25V; CL = 100pF, FB = OUT, code = 3FFF hex, TA = +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX5171: VDD = +5V, VREF = 2.5V; MAX5173: VDD = +3V, VREF = 1.25V; CL = 100pF, FB = OUT, code = 3FFF hex, TA = +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
MAX5173
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. LOAD RESISTANCE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.2496
1.2495
MAX5173-19
1.2
1.2497
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
MAX5173-20
1.4
MAX5173-18
1.2498
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
3V
VCS
3V/div
0
1.0
0.8
0.6
1.25V
VOUT
500mV/div
0.4
1.2494
0.2
12493
10mV
0
-30
-10
10
30
50
70
90
10
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
1k
10k
100k
2µs/div
LOAD (Ω)
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
PLUS NOISE vs. FREQUENCY
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
MAX5173-21
-74
0
-76
1.25V
VOUT
500mV/div
REFERENCE FEEDTHROUGH
0
MAX5173-22
3V
THD + NOISE (dB)
VCS
3V/div
-72
VREF = 0.8VDC =1.6Vp-p at 1kHz
MAX5173 toc23
-50
-78
VOUT/VREF
12.5dB/div
-80
-82
-84
10mV
-86
-88
2µs/div
10
100
1k
10k
100k
20
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
MAJOR-CARRY TRANSITION
MAX5173 toc25
VREF = 1.5VDC + 0.848Vp-p, at f = 10kHz
VOUT/VREF
12.5dB/div
CS
2V/div
OUT
100mV/div
20
8
DIGITAL FEEDTHROUGH
MAX5173 toc26
FFT PLOT
0
MAX5173 toc24
MAX5171/MAX5173
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
FREQUENCY (Hz)
100k
OUT
500µV/div
5µs/div
AC-COUPLED
SCLK
2V/div
2µs/div
AC-COUPLED
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
REFERENCE VOLTAGE
INPUT FREQUENCY RESPONSE
MAX5173 toc28
START-UP GLITCH
MAX5173-27
0
-5.0
GAIN (dB)
VDD
(1V/div)
-10.0
-15.0
VOUT
(10mV/div)
-20.0
VREF = 0.67Vp-p + 1.25VDC
-25.0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
AC-COUPLED
50ms/div
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
1
FB
FUNCTION
2
OUT
3
RS
Reset Mode Select (digital input). Connect to VDD to select midscale reset output value. Connect to DGND
to select 0 reset output value.
4
PDL
Power-Down Lockout (digital input). Connect to VDD to allow shutdown. Connect to DGND to disable shutdown.
5
CLR
Clear DAC (digital input). Clears the DAC to its predetermined output state as set by RS.
6
CS
Chip-Select Input (digital input)
7
DIN
Serial-Data Input (digital input). Data is clocked in on the rising edge of SCLK.
Feedback Input
Voltage Output. High impedance in shutdown. Output voltage is limited to VDD.
8
SCLK
Serial Clock Input (digital input)
9
DGND
Digital Ground
10
DOUT
Serial-Data Output
11
UPO
12
SHDN
Shutdown (digital input). Pulling SHDN high when PDL = VDD places the chip in shutdown mode with a
maximum shutdown current 0f 10µA.
13
AGND
Analog Ground
User-Programmable Output. State is set by serial input.
14
REF
Reference Input. Maximum VREF is VDD - 1.4V.
15
N.C.
No Connection
16
VDD
Positive Supply. Bypass to AGND with a 4.7µF capacitor in parallel with a 0.1µF capacitor.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX5171/MAX5173
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX5171: VDD = +5V, VREF = 2.5V; MAX5173: VDD = +3V, VREF = 1.25V; CL = 100pF, FB = OUT, code = 3FFF hex, TA = +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.)
MAX5171/MAX5173
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
Detailed Description
The MAX5171/MAX5173 14-bit, serial, voltage-output
DACs operate with a 3-wire serial interface. These
devices include a 16-bit shift register and a doublebuffered input composed of an input register and a
DAC register (see Functional Diagram). In addition, the
negative terminal of the output amplifier is available.
The DACs are designed with an inverted R-2R ladder
network (Figure 1), which produces a weighted voltage
proportional to the reference voltage.
Reference Input
The reference input accepts both AC and DC values
with a voltage range extending from 0 to VDD - 1.4V.
The following equation represents the resulting output
voltage:
⋅N ⋅ Gain
V
VOUT = REF
16384
R
2R
2R
R
2R
OUT
R
2R
2R
D11
REF
AGND
SHOWN FOR ALL 1s ON DAC
Figure 1. Simplified DAC Circuit Diagram
where N is the numeric value of the DAC’s binary input
code (0 to 16383), VREF is the reference voltage, and
Gain is the externally set voltage gain. The maximum
output voltage is VDD. The reference pin has a minimum impedance of 18kΩ and is code dependent.
Output Amplifier
The MAX5171/MAX5173’s DAC output is internally
buffered by a precision amplifier with a typical slew rate
of 0.6V/µs. Access to the output amplifier’s inverting
input provides flexibility in output gain setting and signal conditioning (see Applications Information).
The output amplifier settles to ±0.5LSB from a full-scale
transition within 12µs, when loaded with 5kΩ in parallel
with 100pF. Loads less than 2kΩ degrade performance.
Shutdown Mode
The MAX5171/MAX5173 feature a software- and hardware-programmable shutdown mode that reduces the
typical supply current to 1µA. Enter shutdown by writing
the appropriate input-control word as shown in Table 1,
or by using the hardware shutdown. In shutdown mode,
the reference input and amplifier output become highimpedance, and the serial interface remains active.
Data in the input register is saved, allowing the
MAX5171/MAX5173 to recall the prior output state
when returning to normal operation. To exit shutdown,
reload the DAC register from the shift register by simultaneously loading the input and DAC registers or by
toggling PDL. When returning from shutdown, wait 40µs
for the output to settle.
10
FB
Power-Down Lockout
Power-down lockout disables the software/hardware
shutdown mode. A high-to-low transition on PDL brings
the device out of shutdown, returning the output to its
previous state.
Shutdown
Pulling SHDN high while PDL is high places the
MAX5171/MAX5173 in shutdown mode. Pulling SHDN
low does not return the device to normal operation. A
high-to-low transition on PDL or an appropriate command from the serial data line is required to exit shutdown (see Table 1 for commands).
Serial Interface
The MAX5171/MAX5173 3-wire serial interface is compatible with SPI/QSPI (Figure 2) and MICROWIRE
(Figure 3) interface standards. The 16-bit serial input
word consists of two control bits and 14 bits of data
(MSB to LSB).
The control bits determine the MAX5171/MAX5173’s
response as outlined in Table 1. The MAX5171/
MAX5173’s digital inputs are double buffered, which
allows any of the following:
• Loading the input register without updating the DAC
register.
• Updating the DAC register from the input register.
• Updating the input and DAC registers simultaneously.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
SS
MOSI
DIN
MAX5171
MAX5173
SCLK
SCK
CS
I/O
SPI/QSPI
PORT
CPOL = 0, CPHA = 0
Figure 2. Connections for SPI/QSPI
The MAX5171/MAX5173 accepts one 16-bit packet or
two 8-bit packets sent while CS remains low. The
MAX5171/MAX5173 allow the following to be configured:
• Clock edge on which serial data output (DOUT) is
clocked.
• State of the user-programmable logic output.
• Configuration of the reset state.
Specific commands for setting these are shown in
Table 1.
The general timing diagram in Figure 4 illustrates how
the MAX5171/MAX5173 acquire data. CS must go low
at least tCSS before the rising edge of the serial clock
(SCLK). With CS low, data is clocked into the register on
the rising edge of SCLK. The maximum serial clock frequency guaranteed for proper operation is 10MHz for
the MAX5171 and 6MHz for the MAX5173. See Figure 5
for a detailed timing diagram of the serial interface.
Serial Data Output (DOUT)
MAX5171
MAX5173
SCLK
SK
DIN
SO
CS
I/O
MICROWIRE
PORT
The serial-data output, DOUT, is the internal shift register’s output; it allows for daisy-chaining of multiple
devices as well as data readback (see Applications
Information). By default upon start-up, data shifts out of
DOUT on the serial clock’s rising edge (Mode 0) and
provides a lag of 16 clock cycles, thus maintaining SPI,
QSPI, and MICROWIRE compatibility. However, if the
device is programmed for Mode 1, then the output data
lags DIN by 16.5 clock cycles and is clocked out on the
serial clock’s rising edge. During shutdown, DOUT
retains its last digital state prior to shutdown.
User-Programmable Logic Output (UPO)
Figure 3. Connections for MICROWIRE
The UPO allows control of an external device through
the serial interface, thereby reducing the number of
Table 1. Serial-Interface Programming Commands
16-BIT SERIAL WORD
FUNCTION
C1
C0
D13..................D0
0
0
14-bit DAC data
Load input register; DAC registers are unchanged.
0
1
14-bit DAC data
Load input register; DAC registers are updated (start up DAC with new data).
1
0
x x x xxx xxxx xxxx
Update DAC register from input register (start up DAC with data previously
stored in the input registers).
1
1
0 0 x xxx xxxx xxxx
No operation (NOP).
1
1
0 1 x xxx xxxx xxxx
Shut down DAC (provided PDL = 1).
1
1
1 0 0 xxx xxxx xxxx
UPO goes low (default).
1
1
1 0 1 xxx xxxx xxxx
UPO goes high.
1
1
1 1 0 xxx xxxx xxxx
Mode 1, DOUT clocked out on SCLK’s rising edge.
1
1
1 1 1 xxx xxxx xxxx
Mode 0, DOUT clocked out on SCLK’s falling edge (default).
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX5171/MAX5173
+5V
MAX5171/MAX5173
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
CS
COMMAND
EXECUTED
SCLK
1
DIN
C2
8
C1
C0
D9
D8
D7
D6
9
D5
D4
16
D3
D2
D1
D0
S2
S0
S1
Figure 4. Serial-Interface Timing Diagram
tCSW
CS
tCSO
tCSS
tCSH
tCS1
SCLK
tCH
tCL
tCP
DIN
tDS
tD01
tD02
tDH
DOUT
Figure 5. Detailed Serial-Interface Timing Diagram
microcontroller I/O pins required. During power-down,
this output will retain its digital state prior to shutdown.
When CLR is pulled low, UPO will reset to its programmed default state. See Table 1 for specific commands
to control the UPO.
Reset (RS) and Clear (CLR)
The MAX5171/MAX5173 offers a clear pin which resets
the output voltage. If RST = DGND, then CLR resets the
output voltage to the minimum voltage (0 if no offset is
introduced). If RST = VDD, then CLR resets the output
voltage to midscale. In either case, CLR resets UPO to
its programmed default state.
___________Applications Information
Unipolar Output
Figure 6 shows the MAX5171/MAX5173 configured for
unipolar, rail-to-rail operation with a gain of +2V/V. Table 2
lists the codes for unipolar output voltages. The output
voltage is limited to VDD .
Bipolar Output
Figure 7 shows the MAX5171/MAX5173 configured for
bipolar output operation. The output voltage is given by
the following equation (FB = OUT):
2 ⋅N
VOUT = VREF
− 1
16384
where N represents the numeric value of the DAC’s
binary input code and VREF is the voltage of the external reference. Table 3 shows digital codes and the corresponding output voltage for Figure 7’s circuit.
12
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
10k
+5V/+3.3V
REF
VDD
10k
FB
VDD
DAC
OUT
V+
FB
10k
VOUT
DAC
OUT
MAX5171
MAX5173
V-
MAX5171
MAX5173
GND
GND
Figure 6. Unipolar Output Circuit (Rail-to-Rail)
Figure 7. Bipolar Output Circuit
Table 2. Unipolar Code Table
(Circuit of Figure 6)
Table 3. Bipolar Code Table
(Circuit of Figure 7)
DAC CONTENTS
MSB
LSB
DAC CONTENTS
MSB
LSB
ANALOG OUTPUT
11 1111 1111 1111
+VREF [(2 · 16383/16384) - 1]
10 0000 0000 0001
2 · VREF (16383/16384)
2 · VREF (8193/16384)
10 0000 0000 0001
+VREF [(2 · 8193/16384) - 1]
10 0000 0000 0000
2 · VREF (8192/16384)
10 0000 0000 0000
+VREF [(2 · 8192/16384) - 1]
01 1111 1111 1111
2 · VREF (8191/16384)
2 · VREF (1/16384)
01 1111 1111 1111
+VREF [(2 · 8191/16384) - 1]
00 0000 0000 0001
+VREF [(2 · 1/16384) - 1]
00 0000 0000 0000
-VREF
11 1111 1111 1111
00 0000 0000 0001
00 0000 0000 0000
ANALOG OUTPUT
0
Daisy-Chaining Devices
Digitally Programmable Current Source
The serial data output pin (DOUT) allows multiple
MAX5171/MAX5173s to be daisy-chained together, as
shown in Figure 8. The advantage of this is that only
two lines are needed to control all of the DACs on the
line. The disadvantage is that it takes n commands to
program the DACs. Figure 9 shows several MAX5171/
MAX5173s sharing one common DIN signal line. In this
configuration, the data bus is common to all devices.
However, this configuration uses more I/O lines
because each device requires a dedicated CS line.
The benefit is that only one command is needed to program any DAC.
The circuit of Figure 11 places an NPN transistor
(2N3904 or similar) within the op amp feedback loop to
implement a digitally programmable, unidirectional current source. The output current is calculated with the
following equation:
V
⋅N
IOUT = REF
R ⋅16384
where N is the numeric value of the DAC’s binary input
code and R is the sense resistor shown in Figure 11.
Using an AC Reference
The MAX5171/MAX5173 accepts reference voltages
with AC components as long as the reference voltage
remains between 0 and VDD - 1.4V. Figure 10 shows a
technique for applying a sine-wave signal to the REF.
The reference voltage must remain above AGND.
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
MAX5171/MAX5173
10k
REF
+5V/+3.3V
MAX5171/MAX5173
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
Power-Supply and Layout Considerations
Bypass the power supply with a 4.7µF capacitor in parallel with a 0.1µF capacitor to AGND. Minimize the
capacitor lead lengths to reduce inductance. If noise
becomes an issue, use shielding and/or ferrite beads to
increase isolation.
To maintain INL and DNL performance, as well as gain
drift, it is extremely important to provide the lowest possible reference output impedance at the DAC reference
input pin. INL degrades if the series resistance on the
REF pin exceeds 0.1Ω. The same consideration must
be made for the AGND pin.
Wire-wrap boards are not recommended. For optimum
system performance, use PC boards with separate
analog and digital ground planes. Connect the two
ground planes together at the low-impedance powersupply source. Connect the DGND and AGND pins
together at the IC. The best ground connection is
achieved by connecting the DAC’s DGND and AGND
pins together and connecting that point to the system
analog ground plane. If the DAC’s DGND is connected
to the system digital ground, digital noise may get
through to the DAC’s analog portion.
SCLK
SCLK
MAX5171
MAX5173
DIN
SCLK
MAX5171
MAX5173
DOUT
CS
DIN
MAX5171
MAX5173
DOUT
CS
DIN
DOUT
CS
TO OTHER
SERIAL DEVICES
Figure 8. Daisy-Chaining MAX5171/MAX5173 Devices
DIN
SCLK
CS1
CS2
TO OTHER
SERIAL DEVICES
CS3
CS
CS
MAX5171
MAX5173
CS
MAX5171
MAX5173
MAX5171
MAX5173
SCLK
SCLK
SCLK
DIN
DIN
DIN
Figure 9. Multiple MAX5171/MAX5173s Sharing Common DIN and SCLK Lines
14
______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
MAX5171/MAX5173
+5V/
+3V
+5V/+3V
R1
AC
REFERENCE
INPUT
500mVp-p
+5V/+3.3V REF
MAX495
VDD
R2
DAC
VDD
REF
VL
OS
MAX5171
MAX5173
IOUT
OUT
2N3904
FB
DAC
OUT
GND
MAX5171
MAX5173
R
GND
Figure 10. AC Reference Input Circuit
Figure 11. Digitally Programmable Current Source
Functional Diagram
CS
PDL
SHDN
VDD AGND DGND
DIN SCLK
SERIAL
CONTROL
DOUT
16-BIT
SHIFT REGISTER
RS
LOGIC
OUTPUT
DECODE
CONTROL
UPO
FB
CLR
MAX5171
MAX5173
INPUT
REGISTER
DAC
REGISTER
DAC
OUT
REF
Chip Information
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 3457
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
Low-Power, Serial, 14-Bit DACs
with Force/Sense Voltage Output
QSOP.EPS
MAX5171/MAX5173
Package Information
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
16 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 1999 Maxim Integrated Products
Printed USA
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
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