19-0547; Rev 2; 9/06
KIT
ATION
EVALU
E
L
B
AVAILA
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
Features
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 clock generators
provide high-precision clocks for timing in SONET/SDH
systems or Gigabit Ethernet systems. The MAX9450/
MAX9451/MAX9452 can also provide clocks for the highspeed and high-resolution ADCs and DACs in 3G base
stations. Additionally, the devices can also be used as a
jitter attenuator for generating high-precision CLK signals.
♦ Integrated VCXO Provides a Cost-Effective
Solution for High-Precision Clocks
♦ 8kHz to 500MHz Input Frequency Range
♦ 15MHz to 160MHz Output Frequency Range
♦ I2C or SPI Programming for the Input and Output
Frequency Selection
♦ PLL Lock Range > ±60ppm
♦ Two Differential Outputs with Three Types of
Signaling: LVPECL, LVDS, or HSTL
♦ Input Clock Monitor with Hitless Switch
♦ Internal Holdover Function within ±20ppm of the
Nominal Frequency
♦ Low Output CLK Jitter: < 0.8ps RMS in the 12kHz
to 20MHz Band
♦ Low Phase Noise > -130dBc at 100kHz, > -140dBc
at 1MHz
OUTPUT
MAX9450EHJ
32 TQFP-EP*
LVPECL
H32E-6
MAX9451EHJ
32 TQFP-EP*
HSTL
H32E-6
MAX9452EHJ
32 TQFP-EP*
LVDS
H32E-6
For lead-free packages, contact factory.
*EP = Exposed paddle.
GND
CLK0+
CLK0-
VDDQ
OE
TOP VIEW
CLK1-
Pin Configuration
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
VDD 25
16 CMON
X1 26
15 AD1
X2 27
14 AD0
VDDA 28
13 SDA
MAX9450
MAX9451
MAX9452
LP1 29
LP2 30
GNDA 31
12 SCL
11 GND/CS
10 MR
EXPOSED PAD
(GND)
4
5
6
7
8
IN1-
SEL0
3
VDD
2
9
IN1+
1
LOCK
RJ 32
SPI is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.
PKG CODE
Note: All devices are specified over the -40°C to +85°C
temperature range.
IN0-
3G Cellular Phone Base Stations
General Jitter Attenuation
PIN-PACKAGE
IN0+
SONET/SDH Systems
10 Gigabit Network Routers and Switches
PART
SEL1
Applications
Ordering Information
CLK1+
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 offer LVPECL, HSTL,
and LVDS outputs, respectively. The output range is up
to 160MHz, depending on the selection of crystal. The
input and output frequency selection is implemented
through the I 2 C or SPI™ interface. The MAX9450/
MAX9451/MAX9452 feature clock output jitter less than
0.8ps RMS (in a 12kHz to 20MHz band) and phasenoise attenuation greater than -130dBc/Hz at 100kHz.
The phase-locked loop (PLL) filter can be set externally,
and the filter bandwidth can vary from 1Hz to 20kHz.
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 feature an input
clock monitor with a hitless switch. When a failure is
detected at the selected reference clock, the device
can switch to the other reference clock. The reaction to
the recovery of the failed reference clock can be
revertive or nonrevertive. If both reference clocks fail,
the PLL retains its nominal frequency within a range of
±20ppm at +25°C.
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 operate from 2.4V to
3.6V supply and are available in 32-pin TQFP packages
with exposed pads.
VDDQ
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 feature an integrated
VCXO. This configuration eliminates the use of an external VCXO and provides a cost-effective solution for generating high-precision clocks. The MAX9450/MAX9451/
MAX9452 feature two differential inputs and clock outputs. The inputs accept LVPECL, LVDS, differential signals, and LVCMOS. The input reference clocks range
from 8kHz to 500MHz.
INT
TQFP
(5mm x 5mm)
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
1
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
General Description
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VDD to GND ...........................................................-0.3V to +4.0V
VDDA to GNDA ......................................................-0.3V to +4.0V
All Other Pins to GND ...................................-0.3V to VDD + 0.3V
Short-Circuit Duration (all pins) ..................................Continuous
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +85°C)
32-Pin TQFP (derate 27.8mW/°C above +70°C)........2222mW
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +165°C
Maximum Junction Temperature .....................................+150°C
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
ESD Protection
Human Body Model (RD = 1.5kΩ, CS = 100pF) ..............±2kV
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDDA = VDD = VDDQ = 2.4V to 3.6V, and VDDQ = 1.4V to 1.6V for MAX9451, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical values at VDDA = VDD =
VDDQ = 3.3V, and VDDQ = 1.5V for MAX9451, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
V
LVCMOS INPUT (SEL_, CMON, OE, MR)
Input High Level
VIH1
2.0
VDD
Input Low Level
VIL1
0
0.8
V
Input Current
IIN1
VIN = 0V to VDD
-50
+50
µA
VDD
- 0.4
LVCMOS OUTPUT (INT, LOCK)
Output High Level
VOH1
IOH1 = -4mA
Output Low Level
VOL1
IOL1 = 4mA
V
0.4
V
THREE-LEVEL INPUT (AD0, AD1)
Input High Level
VIH2
Input Low Level
VIL2
Input Open Level
VIO2
Input Current
IIL2, IIH2
1.8
V
0.8
V
Measured at the opened inputs
1.05
1.35
V
VIL2 = 0V or VIH2 = VDD
-15
+15
µA
50
mV
DIFFERENTIAL INPUTS (IN0, IN1)
Differential Input High Threshold
VIDH
VID = VIN+ - VIN-
Differential Input Low Threshold
VIDL
VID = VIN+ - VIN-
Common-Mode Input-Voltage Range
Input Current
VCOM
VID = VIN+ - VIN-
IIN+, IIN-
-50
mV
|VID / 2|
2.4
- |VID / 2|
V
-1
+1
µA
VDDQ
- 1.42
VDDQ
- 2.15
VDDQ
- 1.00
VDDQ
- 1.70
VDDQ
- 0.4V
VDDQ
V
0.4
V
370
450
mV
10
35
mV
MAX9450 OUTPUTS (CLK0, CLK1) (LVPECL)
Output High Voltage
VOH2
50Ω load connected to VDDQ - 2.0V
Output Low Voltage
VOL2
50Ω load connected to VDDQ - 2.0V
V
V
MAX9451 OUTPUTS (CLK0, CLK1) (differential HSTL)
Output High-Level Voltage
VOH3
With 50Ω load resistor to GND, Figure 1
Output Low-Level Voltage
VOL3
With 50Ω to GND and 16mA sink current
MAX9452 OUTPUTS (CLK0, CLK1) (LVDS)
Differential Output Voltage
Change in VOD Between
Complementary Output States
2
VOD
∆VOD
With a total 100Ω load, Figure 1
300
_______________________________________________________________________________________
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
(VDDA = VDD = VDDQ = 2.4V to 3.6V, and VDDQ = 1.4V to 1.6V for MAX9451, TA = -40°C to +85°C. Typical values at VDDA = VDD =
VDDQ = 3.3V, and VDDQ = 1.5V for MAX9451, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
Output Offset Voltage
Change in VOS Between
Complementary Output States
Output Short-Circuit Current
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
VOS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
1.05
1.2
1.35
V
10
35
mV
-7.5
-15
mA
∆VOS
IOS
Two output pins connected to GND
SERIAL INTERFACE INPUT, OUTPUT (SCL, SDA, CS)
Input High Level
VIH
Input Low Level
VIL
Input Leakage Current
IIL
Output Low Level
VOL
Input Capacitance
CI
0.7
x VDD
V
-1
3mA sink current
0.3
x VDD
V
+1
µA
0.4
10
V
pF
POWER CONSUMPTION
VDD and VDDA Supply Current
ICC1
Output clock
frequency =
155MHz
VDDQ Supply Current
ICC2
Output clock
frequency =
155MHz (MAX9450)
MAX9450
MAX9451
MAX9452
MAX9450
MAX9451
MAX9452
55
70
65
55
65
14
85
94
88
80
80
25
mA
mA
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDDA = VDD = VDDQ = 2.4V to 3.6V, and VDDQ = 1.4V to 1.6V for MAX9451, TA = -40°C to +85°C. |VID| = 200mV, VCOM = |VID / 2| to
2.4 - |VID / 2|. Typical values at VDDA = VDD = VDDQ = 3.3V and VDDQ = 1.5V for MAX9451, TA = +25°C. CL = 10pF, clock output =
155.5MHz and clock input = 19.44MHz, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
0.008
500
MHz
15
160
MHz
±60
ppm
CLK OUTPUTS (CLK0, CLK1)
Reference Input Frequency
Output Frequency
fIN
fOUT
Measured at IN0 or IN1
Measured at CLK0 or CLK1
VCXO Pulling Range
CL = 8pF (Note 2)
Output-to-Output Skew
Skew between CLK0 and CLK1
(MAX9450 and MAX9452)
50
90
Skew between CLK0 and CLK1 (MAX9451)
55
106
0.4
0.590
ns
0.4
0.590
ns
tSKO
Rise Time
tR
20% to 80% of output swing
Fall Time
tF
80% to 20% of output swing
Duty Cycle
Period Jitter (RMS)
Phase Noise
43
TJ
Measured at the band 12kHz to 20MHz
56
0.8
1kHz offset
-70
10kHz offset
-110
100kHz offset
-130
1MHz offset
-140
ps
%
ps
dBc
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
SERIAL I2C-COMPATIBLE INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 2.4V to 3.6V, TA = -40°C to +85°C. See Figure 4 for the timing parameters definition.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
400
kHz
Serial Clock
fSCL
Bus Free Time Between STOP and
START Conditions
tBUF
1.3
µs
Repeated Hold Time START Condition
tHD,STA
0.6
µs
Repeated START Condition Setup Time
tSU,STA
0.6
µs
STOP Condition Setup Time
tSU,STO
0.6
µs
Data Hold Time
tHD,DAT
100
ns
Data Setup Time
tSU,DAT
100
ns
SCL Clock-Low Period
tLOW
1.3
µs
SCL Clock-High Period
tHIGH
0.7
(Note 3)
Maximum Receive SCL/SDA Rise Time
tR
Minimum Receive SCL/SDA Rise Time
tR
Maximum Receive SCL/SDA Fall Time
tF
Minimum Receive SCL/SDA Fall Time
tF
(Note 4)
tF,TX
(Note 4)
20
+ 0.1Cb
Pulse Width of Suppressed Spike
tSP
(Note 5)
0
Capacitive Load for Each Bus Line
CB
(Note 4)
Fall Time of SDA, Transmitting
(Note 4)
µs
300
ns
20
+ 0.1 x Cb
ns
300
ns
20
+ 0.1 x Cb
ns
250
ns
50
ns
400
pF
MAX
UNITS
2
MHz
SERIAL SPI INTERFACE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD = 2.4V to 3.6V, TA = -40°C to +85°C. See Figure 7 for the timing parameters definition.)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
Serial-Clock Frequency
fSCL
CS Fall to CLK Rise Setup Time
tCSS
12.5
DIN Setup Time
tDS
12.5
ns
DIN Hold Time
tDH
0
ns
ns
CLK High to CS High
tCSH
0
ns
CS Pulse-High Time
tCSW
20
ns
Note 1: All timing AC electrical characteristics and timing specifications are guaranteed by design and not production tested.
Note 2: The VCXO tracks the input clock frequency by ±60ppm.
Note 3: A master device must provide a hold time of at least 300ns for the SDA signal to bridge the undefined regions of SCL’s
falling edge.
Note 4: CB = total capacitance of one bus line in pF. Tested with CB = 400pF.
Note 5: Input filters on SDA and SCL suppress noise spikes less than 50ns.
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
(VDD = VDDA = VDDQ = 3.3V. TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
72
TA = -40°C
TA = -40°C
64
IDDQ (mA)
IDD + IDDA (mA)
TA = +25°C
56
TA = +25°C
8
RMS JITTER (ps)
72
10
MAX9450 toc02
80
MAX9450 toc01
80
OUTPUT RMS JITTER
vs. TEMPERATURE
VDDQ SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. VOLTAGE (MAX9450)
64
56
MAX9450 toc03
VDD AND VDDA SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. VOLTAGE (MAX9450)
6
4
TA = +85°C
TA = +85°C
48
48
40
40
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
0
-40
-15
10
35
60
VOLTAGE (V)
VOLTAGE (V)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
OUTPUT FREQUENCY CHANGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
PHASE NOISE
vs. FREQUENCY
OUTPUT CLOCK SYNCHRONIZED
TO INPUT REFERENCE
INPUT REFERENCE = 38.88 MHz
OUTPUT CLOCK = 155.52 MHz
-20
20
INPUT REFERENCE = 19.44MHz
OUTPUT CLOCK = 155.52 MHz
153.13mV/div
100mV/div
PHASE NOISE (dBc)
-40
0
-20
85
MAX9450 toc06
MAX9450 toc05
0
MAX9450 toc04
40
OUTPUT FREQUENCY CHANGE (ppm)
2
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
-40
-40
-15
10
35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
85
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10M
10ns/div
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
Typical Operating Characteristics
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
1
LOCK
Lock Indicator. LOCK goes low when the PLL locks. LOCK is high when the PLL is not locked.
2, 3
INO_ and IN1_ Select Inputs. Drive SEL0 high to activate IN0; drive SEL1 high to activate IN1. Driving SEL0
SEL0, SEL1
and SEL1 low disables the corresponding input. A 165kΩ pullup resistor pulls SEL0 and SEL1 up to VDD.
4, 5
IN0+, IN0- Differential Reference Input Pair. IN0+ and IN0- accept LVPECL, LVDS, and LVCMOS signals.
6, 25
7, 8
6
FUNCTION
VDD
Digital Power Supply. Connect a 2.4V to 3.6V power supply to VDD. Bypass VDD to GND with a 0.1µF
capacitor.
IN1+, IN1- Differential Reference Input Pair. IN1+ and IN1- accept LVPECL, LVDS, and LVCMOS signals.
9
INT
Reference Input Condition Indicator. A high indicates a failed reference.
10
MR
Master Reset. Drive MR high to reset all I2C registers to their default state and INT to zero.
11
GND/CS
12
SCL
Clock Input. SCL is the clock input in I2C bus mode and SPI bus mode.
13
SDA
Data Input. SDA is the data input in I2C bus mode and SPI bus mode.
14, 15
AD0, AD1
16
CMON
Clock Monitor. Drive CMON low to enable the clock monitor. Drive CMON high to disable the clock monitor.
17
OE
Output Enable Input. Drive OE low to enable the clock outputs. Driving OE high disables the clock outputs,
and the outputs go high impedance. An internal 165kΩ pullup resistor pulls OE up to VDD.
18, 24
VDDQ
Clock-Output Power Supply. Connect a 2.4V to 3.6V power supply to VDDQ for the MAX9450 and MAX9452.
Connect a 1.5V power supply to VDDQ for the MAX9451. Connect a 0.1µF bypass capacitor from VDDQ to
GND.
19, 20
CLK0-,
CLK0+
21
GND
22, 23
CLK1-,
CLK1+
Differential Clock Output 1. The MAX9450 features LVPECL outputs. The MAX9451 features HSTL outputs,
and the MAX9452 features LVDS outputs.
26, 27
X1, X2
Reference Crystal Input. Connect the reference crystal from X1 to X2.
28
VDDA
Analog Power Supply. Connect a 2.4V to 3.6V power supply to VDDA. Bypass VDDA to GNDA with a 0.1µF
capacitor.
29, 30
LP1, LP2
31
GNDA
Ground and Chip-Select Input. Connect to GND in I2C mode. This is the chip-select input in SPI mode.
I2C Address Selection. Drive AD0 and AD1 high to convert the serial interface from I2C to SPI. GND/CS
becomes CS. See Table 3 for the unique addresses list.
Differential Clock Output 0. The MAX9450 features LVPECL outputs. The MAX9451 features HSTL outputs
and the MAX9452 features LVDS outputs.
Digital GND
External Loop Filter. Connect an RC circuit between LP1 and LP2. See the External Loop Filter section.
Analog Ground
32
RJ
Charge-Pump Set Current. Connect an external resistor to GND to set the charge-pump current. See
Table 11.
EP
EP
Exposed Paddle. Connect to ground.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
6nF
CRYSTAL
5MHz TO 160MHz
FUNDAMENTAL MODE
AND AT CUT
12kΩ TO 200kΩ
60nF
10kΩ
X1
LP1
LP2
RJ
X2
LOCK DET
LOCK
IN0+
DIV0
CLK0+
1/N0
IN00
IN1+
CLK01/P
1
PFD/CP
DIV1
VCXO
LOOP FILTER
CLK1+
1/N1
1/M
IN1CMON
INT
CLK
MONITOR
MUX
OE
LUT FOR M
LUT FOR P
CLK1-
LUT FOR N1, N2
SEL0
SEL1
SCL
I2C PORT
SDA
AD0
AD1
GND/CS
CONTROL
REGISTERS
MAX9450
MAX9451
MAX9452
SPI PORT
MR
Detailed Description
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 clock generators
provide high-precision clocks for timing in SONET/SDH
systems or Gigabit Ethernet systems. The MAX9450/
MAX9451/MAX9452 can also provide clocks for the
high-speed and high-resolution ADCs and DACs in 3G
base stations. Additionally, the MAX9450/MAX9451/
MAX9452 can be used as a jitter attenuator for generating high-precision clock signals.
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 feature two differential inputs and two differential clock outputs. The inputs
accept LVPECL, LVDS, and LVCMOS signals. The
VDDA
GNDA
VDD
GND
input reference clock ranges from 8kHz to 500MHz and
the output clock ranges from 15MHz to 160MHz. The
internal clock monitor observes the condition of the
input reference clocks and provides a hitless switch
when an input failure is detected. The MAX9450/
MAX9451/MAX9452 also provide holdover in case no
input clock is supplied.
Control and Status Registers
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 contain eight 8-bit
control registers named CR0 to CR7. The registers are
accessible through the I2C/SPI interface. CR0 is for the
frequency-dividing factor, P. CR1 and CR2 hold the
values of the divider, M. CR3 and CR4 are for dividers
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
Functional Diagram
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
N1 and N2, respectively. CR5 and CR6 are the control
function registers for output enabling, reference clock
selection, and activation of the clock monitor and the
holdover function. CR7 contains the status of clock
monitor, holdover, and PLL locking. The addresses of
the eight registers are shown in Table 4. Tables 5
through 10 show the register maps.
3.3V
LVPECL
OUTPUT
127Ω
127Ω
Z = 50Ω
LVPECL
INPUT
Output Buffers
Three different output formats (LVPECL, HSTL, and
LVDS) are available. Each output contains its own
frequency divider. All the output clocks align to their
coincident rising edges. After changing the dividing
ratio, the output clocks complete the current cycle and
stay logic-low until the rising edges of the newly divided
clock. When CR5[7] is high, the MAX9450/MAX9451/
MAX9452 set all the outputs to logic-low. Setting the
bits CR5[6] and CR5[5] properly enables and disables
the outputs individually; see Table 8. A disabled output
is always in high impedance. At the receiver end, the
two cables or PCB traces can be terminated as shown
in Figure 1.
The VCXO output is divided down before driving the output buffers. Program the dividing factor through the serial
interface. The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 feature two
output dividers DIV0 and DIV1 (see the Functional
Diagram). DIV0 drives OUT0 and either DIV0 or DIV1 can
drive OUT1. CR6[2] sets which divider output drives
OUT1. This function allows for programming OUT1 and
OUT0 to different frequencies.
83Ω
(A) LVPECL DC-COUPLING
LVDS
OUTPUT
Z = 50Ω
LVDS
INPUT
100Ω
(B) LVDS COUPLING
HSTL
OUTPUT
Z = 50Ω
Reference Clock Inputs
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 feature two “anything” differential clock inputs. “Anything” means that
the inputs take any differential signals, such as CML,
LVDS, LVPECL, or HSTL. The inputs can also take a
single-ended input. For example, with LVCMOS reference inputs, connect the inputs to the positive pins
INn+ and connect the negative pins INn- to a reference
voltage of VDD - 1.32V. See Figure 2.
Setting CR5[4] and CR6[3] selects the input reference.
Failure detection and revert function apply only to IN0
and IN1. Also, SEL0 and SEL1 or CR5[3:2] can disable
the corresponding inputs. See Table 2.
83Ω
HSTL
INPUT
50Ω
50Ω
(C) HSTL DC-COUPLING
Figure 1. DC LVPECL, LVDS, and HSTL Termination
LVCMOS CLK OUTPUT
ANYTHING INPUT
Frequency Selection and Programming
The output frequency at CLKn, (n = 0, 1) is determined by
the reference clock and the dividing factors M, Ni (i = 0, 1),
and P, shown in the following equation:
fCLKn = fREF ×
8
M
Ni × P
VREF = VDD - 1.32V
Figure 2. Connecting LVCMOS Output to LVPECL Input
_______________________________________________________________________________________
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
Input Clock Monitor
Failure Detection
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 clock-failure-detection function monitors the two reference inputs simultaneously. If a reference input clock signal (IN_) does not
transition for two or more VCO cycles, the device reports
a failure by setting INT high and bit CR7[6] or CR7[5] to
1. See Table 9. After a reference clock failure, the monitor switches to the other valid input reference. At the
same time, the clock monitor loads CR7 with the status of
the reference clocks and which input is selected. The
mapping of CR7 is given in Table 9. If one of the inputs is
disabled according to the bits in CR5[3:2], then the monitor is disabled.
Revert Function
The response of the MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 to a
detected input failure depends on the setting of the
revert function. If the failed input recovers from the
failure, INT and CR7[5:6] resets to zero if revert is activated. If the recovered input is selected by CR5[4] as
the default input reference, the MAX9450/MAX9451/
MAX9452 reselect this input. If the revert function is not
activated, once an input failure is detected, the monitor
remains in the failure state with INT = 1 and CR7[5:6] =
1, until the MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 are reset.
Activate the revert function using the bit CR5[1].
Failure-Detection Monitor Reset
Reset the fault by toggling CMON from low to high,
toggling MR or CR6[4] from low to high, or by toggling
the bit CR5[0] from low to high. In revert mode, when
the monitor is reset, INT and CR7[5:6] reset to zero and
the default input is the one indicated by CR5[4].
Holdover Function
The holdover function locks the output frequency to its
nominal value within ±20ppm. Activate this function by
setting CR6[7] to 1. The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
enter holdover when the devices detect a failure from
both input references. Setting CR6[6] to 1 forces the
device into the holdover state, while resetting CR6[6]
exits holdover.
Use a reset holdover. If the revert function is activated
once an input is recovered from the failure, the device
also exits holdover and switches to the recovered input
reference. If both inputs recover simultaneously, the
device switches to the default input.
VCXO frequency during holdover is the value of the
frequency right before the failure of inputs.
When CR6[5] goes from 0 to 1, the value of the VCXO
frequency is acquired and stored. The VCXO can be
switched to this acquired frequency by setting CR6[1]
to 1. Such a transition can happen in both the normal
mode of operation and the holdover mode.
PLL Lock Detect
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 also feature PLL
lock detection. The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
compare the frequency of the phase-detector input with
the output frequency of the loop frequency divider.
When these two frequencies deviate more than 20ppm,
the LOCK output goes high. At power-up, LOCK is
high. LOCK goes low when the PLL locks. PLL lock
time also depends on the loop filter bandwidth.
Table 1. Output Frequency Selection and Register Content Values
10 GIGABIT ETHERNET
SONET
INPUT CLK: 50MHz
INPUT CLK: 19.44MHz
CRYSTAL
FREQUENCY
(MHz)
P
M
Ni
OUTPUT
FREQUENCY
(MHz)
CRYSTAL
FREQUENCY
(MHz)
P
M
Ni
OUTPUT
FREQUENCY
(MHz)
51.84
50
2
2
1
50
51.84
1
8
1
125
2
5
2
62.5
77.76
1
4
1
77.76
125
2
5
1
125
155.52
1
8
1
155.52
—
—
—
—
—
155.52
1
4
2
77.76
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
where fCLKn is the frequency at the CLKn output, fREF
is the frequency of the reference clock, M (1 to 32,768)
is the dividing factor in the feedback loop, Ni (1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 8, 16) are the dividing factors of the outputs, and P
(1 to 256) is the dividing factor to the input reference
clock. It is possible to set various frequencies at the
two differential CLK_ outputs with this configuration.
For example, in 10 Gigabit Ethernet or SONET applications, set the dividing factors to generate the required
frequencies, as shown in Table 1.
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
External Loop Filter
I2C Interface
When the device switches from one input reference to
the other or reverts to an input reference from holdover,
the output phase changes smoothly during the transition
due to the narrowband external PLL filter. The narrower
the filter bandwidth is, the smoother the phase
transition. However, if bandwidth is too narrow, it can
cause some degradation on output jitter performance.
The control interface of the MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
is an I2C or SPI depending on the states of AD0 and
AD1. Drive both AD0 and AD1 high to active SPI mode.
Otherwise, I2C is activated. The device operates as a
slave that sends and receives data through the clock
line, SCL, and data line, SDA, to achieve bidirectional
communication with the masters. A master (typically a
microcontroller) initiates all data transfers to and from
slaves, and generates the SCL clock that synchronizes
the data transfer. Figure 4 shows the timing of SCL and
SDA. The SDA line operates as both an input and an
open-drain output. SDA requires a pullup resistor, typically 4.7kΩ. The SCL line operates only as an input. A
pullup resistor, typically 4.7kΩ, is required on SCL if there
are multiple masters on the 2-wire bus, or if the master in
a single-master system has an open-drain SCL output.
Charge-Pump Current Setting
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 allow external setting
of the charge-pump current in the PLL. Connect a resistor from RJ to GNDA to set the PLL charge-pump current:
charge-pump current (µA) = 2.48 x 1000 /
(RSET (kΩ) + 0.375)
where RSET is in kΩ and the value of the charge-pump
current is in µA. Use RSET to adjust the loop response
to meet individual application requirements. The
charge-pump current and the external filter components change the PLL bandwidth. Table 11 shows the
charge-pump current vs. the resistor’s value.
The loop response equation is defined as:
unity-gain bandwidth = (ICP x RFILT x 12kHz) / M
where ICP is the charge-pump current set by REXT,
RFILT is the external filter resistance, and M is the feedback divider.
Input Disable
The two inputs can be disabled separately by SEL0
and SEL1 or the 2 bits in CR5[3:2]. Table 2 shows the
state map.
Power-Up and Master Reset
Upon power-up, default frequency divider rates and the
states of the monitor, inputs, and outputs are set
according to Table 10. Setting MR high or CR6[4] to 1
also resets the device. When the device resets, INT
and CR7[5:6] go low and all the registers revert to their
default values.
Table 2. Input Activation by SEL0, SEL1,
or CR5[3:2]
10
SEL1
SEL0
CR5[3:2]
IN1
IN0
0
0
00
Disabled
Disabled
0
1
00
Disabled
Enabled
1
0
00
Enabled
Disabled
1
1
00
Enabled
Enabled
X
X
01
Disabled
Enabled
X
X
10
Enabled
Disabled
X
X
11
Enabled
Enabled
I2C Device Address
Every I2C port has a 7-bit device address. This 7-bit
address is the slave (MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452)
ID for the master to write and read. In the MAX9450/
MAX9451/MAX9452, the first 4 bits (1101) of the
address are hard coded into the device at the factory.
See Table 3. The last 3 bits of the address are input
programmable by the three-level AD0 and AD1. This
configuration provides eight selectable addresses for
the MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452, allowing eight
devices to be connected to one master.
START and STOP Conditions
Both SCL and SDA remain high when the interface is
not busy. The active master signals the beginning of a
transmission with a START (S) condition by transitioning
SDA from high to low while SCL is high. When the master
has finished communicating with the slave, it issues a
STOP (P) condition by transitioning SDA from low to
high while SCL is high. The bus is then free for another
transmission (Figure 3). The interval between a START
and a STOP is called a session.
SDA
SCL
S
P
START
CONDITION
STOP
CONDITION
Figure 3. START and STOP Conditions
______________________________________________________________________________________
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
Write Byte Format
S
ADDRESS
WR
ACK
7 bits
—
—
—
Slave address: equivalent to chip-select line of
a 3-wire interface
COMMAND
ACK
8 bits
—
Command byte: selects to
which register you are writing
Read Byte Format
DATA
ACK
P
8 bits
—
1
Data byte: data goes into the register
set by the command byte (to set
thresholds, configuration masks, and
sampling rate)
S
ADDRESS
WR
ACK
COMMAND
ACK
S
ADDRESS
RD
ACK
DATA
///
P
—
7 bits
—
—
8 bits
—
—
7 bits
—
—
8 bits
—
—
Slave address: equivalent
to chip-select line
Command byte: selects
from which register you
are reading
Send Byte Format
Slave address: repeated
due to change in dataflow direction
Data byte: reads from
the register set by the
command byte
Receive Byte Format
S
ADDRESS
WR
ACK
COMMAND
ACK
P
S
ADDRESS
RD
ACK
DATA
///
P
—
7 bits
—
—
8 bits
—
—
—
7 bits
—
—
8 bits
—
—
Data byte: reads data from the register
commanded by the last read byte or
write byte transmission; also used for
SMBus alert response return address
Command byte: sends command with no data, usually
used for one-shot command
Shaded = Slave transmission
/// = Not acknowledged
S = Start condition
P = Stop condition
Figure 4. I2C Interface Data Structure
A
B
tLOW
C
D
E
F
G
tHIGH
H
I
J
K
L
M
SMBCLK
SMBDATA
tSU:STA tHD:STA
tSU:DAT
A = START CONDITION
B = MSB OF ADDRESS CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
C = LSB OF ADDRESS CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
D = R/W BIT CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
tSU:STO
E = SLAVE PULLS SMBDATA LINE LOW
F = ACKNOWLEDGE BIT CLOCKED INTO MASTER
G = MSB OF DATA CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
H = LSB OF DATA CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
tBUF
I = MASTER PULLS DATA LINE LOW
J = ACKNOWLEDGE CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
K = ACKNOWLEDGE CLOCK PULSE
L = STOP CONDITION
M = NEW START CONDITION
Figure 5. SMBus Write Timing Diagram
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
is the content to be written into the addressed register
of the slave. After this, the address counter of I 2C is
increased by 1 (Rgst Addr + 1) and the next byte
(Data2) writes into a new register. To read the contents
in the MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452s’ control registers,
the master sends the register address to be read to the
slave by a writing operation. Then it sends the byte of
device address + R to the slave. The slave (MAX9450/
MAX9451/MAX9452) responds with the content bytes
from the registers, starting from the pointed register to
the last register, CR8, consecutively back to the master
(Figures 5 and 6).
Data Transfer and Acknowledge
Following the START condition, each SCL clock pulse
transfers 1 bit. Between a START and a STOP, multiple
bytes can be transferred on the 2-wire bus. The first 7 bits
(B0–B6) are for the device address. The eighth bit (B7)
indicates the writing (low) or reading (high) operation
(W/R). The ninth bit (B8) is the ACK for the address and
operation type. A low ACK bit indicates a successful
transfer; otherwise, a high ACK bit indicates an unsuccessful transfer. The next 8 bits (register address),
B9–B16, form the address byte for the control register
to be written (Figure 4). The next bit, bit 17, is the ACK
for the register address byte. The following byte (Data1)
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
A
tLOW
B
C
tHIGH
E
D
F
G
I
H
J
K
L
M
SMBCLK
SMBDATA
tSU:STA
tHD:STA
tSU:DAT
A = START CONDITION
B = MSB OF ADDRESS CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
C = LSB OF ADDRESS CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
D = R/W BIT CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
E = SLAVE PULLS SMBDATA LINE LOW
tHD:DAT
tSU:STO tBUF
J = ACKNOWLEDGE CLOCKED INTO SLAVE
K = ACKNOWLEDGE CLOCK PULSE
L = STOP CONDITION
M = NEW START CONDITION
F = ACKNOWLEDGE BIT CLOCKED INTO MASTER
G = MSB OF DATA CLOCKED INTO MASTER
H = LSB OF DATA CLOCKED INTO MASTER
I = MASTER PULLS DATA LINE LOW
Figure 6. SMBus Read Timing Diagram
To perform a write, set D15 = 0, drive CS low, toggle
SCL to latch SDA data on the rising edge, then drive
CS high after 16 SCL cycles for two SCL cycles to signal the boundary of a 16-bit word (Figure 5). SCL must
be low when CS falls at the start of a transmission.
Switching of SCL and SDA is ignored unless CS is low.
Figure 7 shows the SPI write operation timing diagram
and Figure 8 shows SPI register address and data configuration function setting tables.
SPI Interface
The SPI interface is activated when AD0 = AD1 = high.
The SPI port is a write-only interface, and it uses the
three inputs: CS, SCL, and SDA. Bit D15 is always zero,
indicating the write-only mode, as shown in Figure 5.
D14–D8 are the register address bits and D7–D0 are
the data bits. In Table 4, the register address mapping
is still valid, except the first address bit on the left is not
used. D14 is the MSB of the address, and D7 is the
MSB of the data. D15–D0 are sent with MSB (D15) first.
The maximum SCL frequency is 2MHz.
CS
tCSW
tCSH
fSCL
tCSS
SCLK
tDS
tDS
DIN
D15
D14
D1
D0
Figure 7. SPI Write Operation Timing Diagram
CS
SLK
SDA
D15
D14
D13
D12
D11
D10
D9
D8
D7
D6
REGISTER ADDRESS
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
REGISTER DATA
Figure 8. SPI Register Address and Data Configuration Function Setting Tables
12
______________________________________________________________________________________
D0
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
AD0
Table 6. Dividing Rate Setting for M Divider
AD1
ADDRESS
CR1
CR2[7:1]*
DIVIDING VALUE OF M
Low
Low
1101000
0000-0000
0000-000
1
Low
Open
1101001
0000-0000
0000-001
2
Low
High
1101010
—
—
—
8191
Open
Low
1101011
1111-1111
0011-110
Open
Open
1101100
1111-1111
0011-111
8192
Open
High
1101101
1111-1111
1111-111
32,768
High
Low
1101110
High
Open
1101111
High
High
Convert to SPI
Table 4. I2C and SPI Register Address*
REGISTER NAME
REGISTER ADDRESS
CR0
00000000
*CR2[0], the last LSB, is reserved.
Table 7. Dividing Rate Setting for N0 and
N1 Divider
CR3*
DIVIDING
VALUE OF N0
CR4*
DIVIDING
VALUE OF N1
P divider
000XXXXX
1
000XXXXX
1
2
001XXXXX
2
FUNCTION
CR1
00000001
M divider byte 1
001XXXXX
CR2
00000010
M divider byte 2
010XXXXX
3
010XXXXX
3
CR3
00000011
N1 divider
011XXXXX
4
011XXXXX
4
5
100XXXXX
5
6
CR4
00000100
N2 divider
100XXXXX
CR5
00000101
Control
101XXXXX
6
101XXXXX
CR6
00000110
Control
110XXXXX
8
110XXXXX
8
111XXXXX
16
111XXXXX
16
CR7
00000111
Status
CR8
00001000
Reserved
*The last 5 LSBs of CR3[4:0] and CR4[4:0] are reserved.
*When the SPI port is activated, the first address bit on the left
is omitted and the remaining 7 bits are used. The LSB is the
first bit on the right.
Table 5. Dividing Rate Setting for P Divider
CR0
DIVIDING RATE FOR P
0000-0000
1
0000-0001
2
—
—
1111-1110
255
1111-1111
256
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
Table 3. I2C Address Setting by AD0 and AD1
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
Table 8. Control Registers and Control Functions
CR5, CR6
FUNCTION
STATE
CR5[7]
Output disable
0: Outputs are enabled
1: Outputs disabled to logic-low
CR5[6]
CLK0 enabling
0: CLK0 is disabled to high impedance (overrides CR5[7] = 1 setting)
1: CLK0 is enabled
CR5[5]
CLK1 enabling
0: CLK1 is disabled to high impedance (overrides CR5[7] = 1 setting)
1: CLK1 is enabled
CR5[4]
Default input
setting
0: IN0 is the default input
1: IN1 is the default input
CR5[3:2]
Input enabling
00: The selection is controlled by SEL0, SEL1 (see Table 2)
01: Enable IN0, disable IN1
10: Enable IN1, disable IN0
11: Enable both IN0 and IN1
CR5[1]
Revert function
0: The function is not activated
1: The function is activated
CR5[0]
CLK monitor reset CLK monitor is reset in revert mode: INT = 0 and CR7[7] = 0, and the PLL switches to the default input
CR6[7]
Holdover function
enabling
CR6[6]
Forced holdover
CR6[5]
Acquiring nominal As this bit is toggling from 0 to 1, the current VCXO frequency is taking as the nominal holdover
value
VCXO frequency
CR6[4]
Master reset
The bit acts at the same as the input MR; CR6[4] = 1, the chip is reset
CR6[3]
REF
This bit is always set to zero
CR6[2]
ODIV select
CR6[2] = 0: DIV0 output drives CLK2
CR6[2] = 1: DIV1 output drives CLK2
CR6[1]
Acquire select
CR6[1] = 0 PLL controls the Xtal frequency
CR6[1] = 1 Xtal frequency is controlled by the acquired value (acquired at rising edge of CR6[5])
CR6[0]
Reserved
—
0: Holdover function is disabled
1: Holdover function is enabled
0: Holdover is in normal mode
1: Holdover is forced to be activated
As the bit goes from 0 to 1, the current VCXO frequency is taken as the nominal value
Table 9. Mapping for the Input Monitor Status
CR7
CR7[6]
Status of IN0
CR7[5]
CR7[4]
CR7[3]
CR7[2]
CR7[1:0]
14
FUNCTION
STATE
Table 10. Register Default Values at Power-Up
REGISTER
ACTION
DEFAULT
CR0
P=1
00000000
Status of IN1
0: Normal
1: Failure detected
CR1
M=1
00000000
Input clock
selection indicator
0: IN0 is currently used
1: IN1 is currently used
CR2
M=1
00000000
CR3
N0 = 1
00000000
LOCK indicator
1: PLL not locked
0: PLL locked
CR4
N1 = 1
00000000
Holdover status
1: Device is in holdover state
0: Device is in normal state
Reserved
—
CR7
1. Outputs enable
2. IN0 is the default input
3. Both inputs are enabled by
SEL0 and SEL1
4. Monitor is nonrevertive
5. Holdover is disabled
Status
CR8
Reserved
CR5, CR6
______________________________________________________________________________________
CR5: 01100000
CR6: 00000000
00000000
00000000
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
RESISTOR (kΩ)
CURRENT (µA)
12
200.5
20
121.88
50
49.41
100
24.86
150
16.61
200
12.48
Applications Information
Crystal Selection
The MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452 internal VCXO circuitry requires an external crystal. The frequency of the
crystal ranges from 15MHz to 160MHz, depending on
the application. It is important to use a quartz crystal
that prevents reduction of the frequency pulling range,
temperature stability, or excessive output phase jitter.
Choose an AT-cut crystal that oscillates at the required
frequency on its fundamental mode with a variation of
25ppm, including frequency accuracy and operating
temperature range. Select a crystal with a load capacitance of 8pF and a motional capacitance of at least 7fF
to achieve the specified pulling range.
Crystals from manufacturers KDS (www.kdsj.co.jp) and
4Timing (www.4timing.com) are recommended.
LVDS Cables and Connectors
The interconnect for LVDS typically has a 100Ω differential impedance. Use cables and connectors that
have matched differential impedance to minimize
impedance discontinuities.
Twisted-pair and shielded twisted-pair cables offer
superior signal quality compared to ribbon cable and
tend to generate less EMI due to magnetic-field-canceling effects.
Power-Supply Bypassing
Bypass VDDA, VDD, and VDDQ to ground with high-frequency, surface-mount ceramic 0.1µF and 0.01µF
capacitors. Place the capacitors as close as possible
to the device with the 0.01µF capacitor closest to the
device pins.
Board Layout
Circuit-board trace layout is very important to maintain
the signal integrity of high-speed differential signals.
Maintaining integrity is accomplished in part by reducing signal reflections and skew and increasing common-mode noise immunity.
Signal reflections are caused by discontinuities in the
50Ω (100Ω for LVDS outputs) characteristic impedance
of the traces. Avoid discontinuities by maintaining the
distance between differential traces, not using sharp
corners or vias. Ensure the two traces are parallel and
close to each other to increase common-mode noise
immunity and reduce EMI. Matching the electrical length
of the differential traces further reduces signal skew.
Output Termination
Terminate the MAX9450 outputs with 50Ω to VCC - 2V
or use an equivalent thevenin termination. When a single-ended signal is taken from a differential output, terminate both outputs.
The MAX9452 outputs are specified for a 100Ω load,
but can drive 90Ω to 132Ω to accommodate various
types of interconnects. The termination resistor at the
driven receiver should match the differential characteristic impedance of the interconnect and be located
close to the receiver input. Use a ±1% surface-mount
termination resistor.
Chip Information
PROCESS: CMOS
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
Table 11. Resistor Value vs. Charge-Pump
Current
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
32L,TQFP.EPS
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
PACKAGE OUTLINE,
32L TQFP, 5x5x1.0mm, EP OPTION
21-0079
16
______________________________________________________________________________________
F
1
2
High-Precision Clock Generators
with Integrated VCXO
PACKAGE OUTLINE,
32L TQFP, 5x5x1.0mm, EP OPTION
21-0079
F
2
2
Revision History
Pages changed at Rev 2: 1–4, 7–10, 12, 15, 16
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 17
© 2006 Maxim Integrated Products
is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
MAX9450/MAX9451/MAX9452
Package Information (continued)
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
ENGLISH • ???? • ??? • ???
WHAT'S NEW
PRODUCTS
SOLUTIONS
DESIGN
APPNOTES
SUPPORT
BUY
COMPANY
MEMBERS
MAX9451
Part Number Table
Notes:
1. See the MAX9451 QuickView Data Sheet for further information on this product family or download the
MAX9451 full data sheet (PDF, 476kB).
2. Other options and links for purchasing parts are listed at: http://www.maxim-ic.com/sales.
3. Didn't Find What You Need? Ask our applications engineers. Expert assistance in finding parts, usually
within one business day.
4. Part number suffixes: T or T&R = tape and reel; + = RoHS/lead-free; # = RoHS/lead-exempt. More: See
full data sheet or Part Naming C onventions.
5. * Some packages have variations, listed on the drawing. "PkgC ode/Variation" tells which variation the
product uses.
Part Number
Free
Sample
MAX9451EHJ
Buy
Direct
Package: TYPE PINS SIZE
DRAWING CODE/VAR *
TQFP;32 pin;5x5x1 mm
Dwg: 21-0079F (PDF)
Use pkgcode/variation: H32E-6*
Temp
RoHS/Lead-Free?
Materials Analysis
-40C to +85C RoHS/Lead-Free: No
Materials Analysis
MAX9451EHJ-T
-40C to +85C RoHS/Lead-Free: No
MAX9451EHJ+
-40C to +85C RoHS/Lead-Free: Yes
MAX9451EHJ+T
-40C to +85C RoHS/Lead-Free: Yes
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