EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
General Description
The MAX9643 is a high-speed 60V precision unidirectional current-sense amplifier ideal for a wide variety of
power-supply control applications. Its high signal bandwidth allows its use within DC-DC switching converter
power-supply control loops with minimal phase delay.
The IC also features 130µV (max) precision input offset
voltage, allowing small sense resistors to be used in
applications where efficiency is important and when wide
dynamic-range current measurement is needed.
High DC CMRR and AC CMRR make it easy to use in
a wide variety of aggressive environments. The device
is available in fixed gains of 2.5V/V and 10V/V. It is also
available in a small, 8-pin TDFN (2mm x 3mm) package
and is rated over the -40°C to +125°C temperature range.
●● Supports High-Voltage Applications
• Wide Input VCM = -1.5V to +60V
●● Delivers High-Speed Operation
• 15MHz Bandwidth
●● Increases System Accuracy
• Precision VOS = 130μV (max)
●● -40°C to +125°C Specified Temperature Range
Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet.
For related parts and recommended products to use with this part, refer
to www.maximintegrated.com/MAX9643.related.
Applications
●●
●●
●●
●●
Benefits and Features
Industrial Power Supplies
GSM Base Station Power Supply
High-Brightness LED Control
H-Bridge Motor Control
Typical Operating Circuit
RS+
RS-
CP1
CP2
OUT
VEE
VCC
MAX9643
19-5889; Rev 4; 4/15
GND
BOOST
POWER-SUPPLY
CONTROL
LOAD
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Absolute Maximum Ratings
RS+ to GND, RS- to GND (Note 1)........................-3.5V to +65V
RS+ to RS-........................................................................... ±15V
VCC to GND............................................................-0.3V to +40V
VCC > 4.5V
OUT to GND......................................................-0.3V to +4.5V
VEE to GND.........................................................+0.3V to -5V
CP1 to GND......................................................-0.3V to +4.5V
VCC ≤ 4.5V
OUT to GND......................................... -0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V)
VEE to GND....................................... +0.3V to (-VCC + 0.3V)
CP1 to GND......................................... -0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V)
CP2 to GND .............................................. (VEE - 0.3V) to +0.3V
Short-Circuit Duration.................................................Continuous
Continuous Input Current into Any Pin..............................±20mA
ESD on RS+, RS-........................................................±4kV HBM
ESD on All Other Pins.................................................±2kV HBM
Maximum Power Dissipation
TDFN-EP (derate 16.7mW/°C at +70°C).................1333.3mW
Operating Temperature Range......................... -40°C to +125°C
Junction Temperature.......................................................+150°C
Lead Temperature (10s, soldering)...................................+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow)........................................+260°C
Note 1: Voltages below -3.5V are allowed, as long as the input current is limited to 5mA by an external resistor.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Package Thermal Characteristics (Note 2)
TDFN
Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA)...........60°C/W
Junction-to-Case Thermal Resistance (θJC)................11°C/W
Note 2: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-layer
board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maximintegrated.com/thermal-tutorial.
Electrical Characteristics
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = 12V, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 3)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Input Common-Mode Voltage
Range
VRS+, VRS-
VCC ≥ 5V, guaranteed by CMRR test,
VSENSE ≤ 100mV
-1.5
+60
VCC < 5V, guaranteed by CMRR test,
VSENSE ≤ 100mV
3.5 VCC
60
TA = +25°C
Input Offset Voltage (Notes 4, 5)
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
(Note 5)
CMRR vs. Frequency (Note 5)
VOS
CMRR
IRS+, IRS-
Input Bias Current, VCC = 0V,
VRS+ = VRS- = 60V
IRS+, IRS
+10°C < TA < +85°C
400
-1.5V ≤ VCM ≤ 60V, TA = +25°C
120
-1.5V ≤ VCM ≤ 60V, -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C
110
TA = +25°C
130
35
dB
60
60
25
IRS+ - IRS- +10°C < TA < +85°C
0.02
µV
dB
90
-40°C < TA < +125°C
-40°C < TA < +125°C
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130
650
TA = +25°C
Input Offset Current (Note 6)
10
-40°C < TA < +125°C
AC CMRR f = 100kHz
Input Bias Current
V
µA
µA
0.65
0.65
µA
0.8
Maxim Integrated │ 2
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Electrical Characteristics* (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = 12V, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 3)
PARAMETER
Maximum Sense Voltage Before
Input Saturation
SYMBOL
VCM < 2V
FS
Voltage Gain (Note 4)
Voltage Gain Error (Note 4)
CONDITIONS
GE
VCM ≥ 2V
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
100
MAX9643T
400
MAX9643U
300
mV
MAX9643T
2.5
MAX9643U
10
TA = +25°C
0.06
-40°C < TA < +125°C
V/V
0.5
0.6
%
AC CHARACTERISTICS
VSENSE = 25mVDC + 2mVP-P, MAX9643T
15
VSENSE = 25mVDC + 2mVP-P, MAX9643U
10
VOUT = 10mV to 110mV
12
V/µs
Delay from Output Saturation to VOL
VSENSE = 0 to 20mV
100
ns
Delay from Input Saturation and
Delay from Output Saturation to VOH
VSENSE = 10V to 10mV
1
µs
Signal Bandwidth
BW
Slew Rate
SR
MHz
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Short-Circuit Current
ISC
3.39
IOUT = 100µA sink, TA = +25°C
Output-Voltage Low (MAX9643T)
(Note 5)
VOL
0.2
IOUT = 100µA sink, -40°C < TA < +125°C
2.2
IOUT = 100µA sink, +10°C < TA < +85°C
1.2
IOUT = 1mA sink, TA = +25°C
0.6
IOUT = 1mA sink, -40°C < TA < +125°C
VOL
0.5
8.8
4.8
IOUT = 1mA sink, TA = +25°C
Capacitive Drive Capability
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VOH
CL
4
IOUT = 100µA sink, +10°C < TA < +85°C
0.6
IOUT = 1mA sink, -40°C < TA < +125°C
Output-Voltage High (Note 7)
10
IOUT = 100µA sink, -40°C < TA < +125°C
IOUT = 1mA source, VCC < 4.5V
IOUT = 1mA source, VCC ≥ 4.5V
RLOAD = Open, no sustained oscillation
mV
10
IOUT = 100µA sink, TA = +25°C
Output-Voltage Low (MAX9643U)
(Note 5)
mA
1
mV
10
10
VCC - 1.3
V
3.2
30
pF
Maxim Integrated │ 3
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Electrical Characteristics* (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = 12V, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 3)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
36
V
POWER-SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
Power Supply
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio
(Note 5)
VCC
PSRR
Quiescent Supply Current
ICC
Charge-Pump Current
IEE
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Guaranteed by PSRR
2.7
VCC = 2.7V to 36V, VSENSE = 10mV,
TA = +25°C
107
-40°C < TA < +125°C
100
TA = +25°C
125
1000
-40°C < TA < +125°C
DVEE = 500mV
dB
1400
1600
4
µA
mA
3: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Temperature limits are guaranteed by design and/or characterization.
4: Gain and offset voltage are calculated based on two point measurements: VSENSE1 = 10mV and VSENSE2 = 100mV.
5: VOS, VOL, CMRR, and PSRR are measured with the charge pump off.
6: Guaranteed by design and/or characterization.
7: The maximum VSENSE of the MAX9643T is 400mV. With the gain = 2.5V/V, the output swing high is not applicable to the
MAX9643T.
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Maxim Integrated │ 4
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = 12V, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C.
Temperature limits are guaranteed by design and/or characterization.)
15
10
5
-20 -15 -10 -5
0.9
0.8
0.08
0.06
10
0
20
30
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.02
0.02
10
20
30
40
50
COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V)
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60
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
TEMPERATURE (°C)
MAX9643 toc03
0.8
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
0.16
0.04
0
0.9
0.5
40
0.18
0.04
-10
1.0
0.6
0.20
GAIN ERROR (%)
0.10
1.1
0.7
GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
0.12
1.2
0.6
GAIN ERROR
vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE
0.14
1.3
0.7
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
0.16
0
MAX9643 toc02
1.0
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (μV)
0.18
GAIN ERROR (%)
1.1
0.5
5 10 15 20 25 30
MAX9643 toc04
0.20
0
1.2
MAX9643 toc05
0
1.4
100
125
COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCY (VCM_AC = 100mV)
0
MAX9643 toc06
20
1.3
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
25
1.5
COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO (dB)
30
1.4
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
OCCURRENCE (%)
35
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
1.5
MAX9643 toc01
40
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE HISTOGRAM
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
1
10
100
1000
10,000 100,000
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Maxim Integrated │ 5
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = 12V, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C.
Temperature limits are guaranteed by design and/or characterization.)
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO
vs. FREQUENCY
-60
-80
-100
-120
-140
1
10
100
1000
10,000
1
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
10
100
1000
10,000 100,000
3.0
MAX9643 toc12
MAX9643T
MAX9643T
OUTPUT
100mV/div
300
GND
GND
200
INPUT
10mV/div
INPUT
100mV/div
GND
GND
0
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
OUTPUT
10mV/div
100
0
OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA)
MAX9643 toc11
400
MAX9643 toc09
3.7
SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT RESPONSE
MAX9643 toc10
OUTPUT-VOLTAGE LOW (µV)
3.8
FREQUENCY (kHz)
OUTPUT-VOLTAGE LOW
vs. OUTPUT SINK CURRENT
500
3.9
3.1
FREQUENCY (kHz)
600
4.0
OUTPUT-VOLTAGE HIGH (V)
-40
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
MAX9643 toc08
-20
SMALL-SIGNAL GAIN (dB)
MAX9643 toc07
POWER-SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB)
0
OUTPUT-VOLTAGE HIGH
vs. OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT
SMALL SIGNAL vs. FREQUENCY
(MAX9643T)
200ns/div
100ns/div
OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA)
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Maxim Integrated │ 6
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = 12V, TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C.
Temperature limits are guaranteed by design and/or characterization.)
OUTPUT HIGH-SATURATION RECOVERY
RESPONSE (INPUT SIGNAL = 4V TO 100mV)
OUTPUT LOW-SATURATION RECOVERY
RESPONSE (INPUT SIGNAL = 0V TO 20mV)
MAX9643 toc13
MAX9643T
INPUT
2V/div
STARTUP DELAY
(VSENSE = 200mV)
MAX9643 toc14
MAX9643T
INPUT
20mV/div
MAX9643 toc15
MAX9643T
VCC
5V/div
GND
VRS_
VRS_
OUTPUT
1V/div
OUTPUT
50mV/div
GND
GND
1µs/div
OUTPUT
500mV/div
GND
200ns/div
100µs/div
INPUT SENSE VOLTAGE SATURATION
(VCM = 12V)
INPUT SENSE VOLTAGE SATURATION
(VCM = 1.5V)
MAX9643 toc16
MAX9643 toc17
MAX9643T
VSENSE
1V/div
MAX9643T
VSENSE
500mV/div
GND
GND
OUTPUT
1V/div
OUTPUT
200mV/div
GND
GND
200µs/div
200µs/div
CHARGE-PUMP NOISE
COMMON MODE
(VCM = 0V TO 10V)
MAX9643 toc18
MAX9643T
CH2
MAX9643 toc19
MAX9643T
VCM
5V/div
CP1
2V/div
GND
GND
OUTPUT
200mV/div
OUTPUT
20mV/div
GND
1µs/div
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CH1
20ns/div
Maxim Integrated │ 7
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
OUT VCC
8
7
RS- RS+
6
5
MAX9643
EP
+
1
2
3
4
GND VEE CP1 CP2
TDFN
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
1
GND
Ground
2
VEE
Charge-Pump Output. Connect 1µF to GND.
3
CP1
Positive Terminal of 1µF Flying Capacitor
4
CP2
Negative Terminal of 1µF Flying Capacitor
5
RS+
Positive Sense Resistor Input
6
RS-
Negative Sense Resistor Input
7
VCC
Power Supply
8
OUT
Output
—
EP
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FUNCTION
Exposed Pad. Must be externally connected to GND.
Maxim Integrated │ 8
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Detailed Description
The MAX9643 is a high-speed precision current-sense
amplifier ideal for a wide variety of high-performance
industrial power-supply applications. The device’s low
input offset voltage, tight gain error, and low temperature
drift characteristics allow the use of smallsense resistors
for current measurements to improve power-supply conversion efficiency and accuracy of measurements. Its fast
response allows it to react quickly to switching currents as
is common in power-supply circuits, and makes it possible
to be used as part of control loops.
The unidirectional high-side, current-sense amplifier also
features a wide -1.5V to +60V input common-mode
range. This feature allows monitoring of power-supply
load current even if the rail is shorted to ground. Highside
current monitoring does not interfere with the ground path
of the load being measured, making the IC particularly
useful in a wide range of high-reliability systems.
The IC has been designed on a proprietary high-speed
complementary BiCMOS SOI process. This high-voltage
analog process is optimized for excellent AC dynamic performance, ultra-low noise, wide operating voltage range,
and low-drift signal conditioning circuitry.
Input Common-Mode Voltage Range
The use of an internal negative voltage rail for its input
stage allows the current-sense amplifier to extend its
input common-mode voltage below ground without any
crossover inaccuracies. Crossover problems with precision can occur with alternate architectures of currentsense amplifiers that use two different input differential
stages to cover the entire operating common-mode voltage range (either npn/pnp transistors or pnp transistor
and resistor-based input stages).
The minimum input common-mode voltage capability is
dependent on the internal negative voltage rail generated
by the charge pump. Since this negative voltage rail goes
down at low values of VCC (i.e., when under 5V), the
minimum input common-mode voltage rail is also limited
at low VCC.
The negative input common-mode voltage specification
can be exceeded if the input current is limited to under
5mA. This is typically accomplished by using series input
resistors. The input ESD structure for negative input
common-mode voltages looks like 5 series-connected
diodes. Assuming an on-drop of 0.7V per diode, negative
Applications Information
FROM RSENSE
Internal Charge Pump
An internal charge pump on the part is utilized to provide
two attractive application features:
TO ADC
• Input common-mode voltage range extends to 1.5V
below ground.
8
7
6
5
It is possible to also connect the VEE pin directly to an
external -5V power supply. Ensure that this voltage is
lower than the internally generated charge-pump voltage.
The -4.7V voltage is the minimum necessary to guarantee
the charge pump is turned off.
The MAX9643 EV kit shows a good example layout. A
representation is shown in Figure 1.
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0.1µF
A 250kHz internal charge pump is used to generate a
negative voltage rail to bias both the input stage and
output stage of the current-sense amplifier. Use a 1µF
ceramic capacitor between the CP1 and CP2 pins of the
IC, and ensure a tight layout to minimize loop area. Using
a 1µF ceramic capacitor from VEE to GND is essential to
good low-noise performance.
0.1µF
• Output voltage range extends down to true ground.
MAX9643
+
1
1µF
2
3
4
1µF
0.1µF
Figure 1. PCB Layout
Maxim Integrated │ 9
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
input voltage transients below -3.5V should be limited by
the use of input series resistors. For example, if an input
voltage transient or fault condition of -12V were to occur
in the application, use a resistor greater than 8.5V/5mA =
1700Ω. Use 2kΩ for margin.
The maximum input common-mode voltage extends up to
60V over the entire VCC range of 2.7V to 36V. It is recommended to shield the device from overvoltages above its
65V absolute maximum rating to protect the device.
Output Voltage Range
The internal negative voltage rail generated by the charge
pump is also used to bias the output stage of the currentsense amplifier, allowing it to feature true VOL = 0V performance. This feature allows small sense voltages to be
used and eases interface to other analog and mixed-signal
ICs. In reality, attaining true VOL = 0V specification is usually limited by the offset voltage of the current-sense amplifier since VOUT = VOS x gain, when input VSENSE = 0V.
In addition, the maximum output voltage of the IC is internally clamped to less than 5V even when it is powered
from a 40V rail. This allows easy interface to low-voltage
downstream circuitry without worrying about protecting
them from large input voltage transients or faults.
Common Mode and Differential Filtering
When the AC common-mode signal with large amplitudes
(>5VP-P for example) at high frequencies (> 1kHz for
example) is present at the inputs, AC CMRR limitation
causes spikes at the output as shown in the Common
Mode graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics.
Application Note 3888: Performance of Current-Sense
Amplifiers with Input Series Resistors explains the way to
filter out these common-mode transients as seen by the
amplifier and filtering of the differential mode.
Chip Information
PROCESS: BiCMOS
Choosing the Sense Resistor
Choose RSENSE based on the following criteria:
• Voltage loss: A high RSENSE value causes the
power-source voltage to reduce due to IR drop. For
minimal voltage loss, use the lowest RSENSE value.
• Accuracy: A high RSENSE value allows lower currents to be measured more accurately. This is because
input offset voltages become less significant when the
sense voltage is larger.
• Efficiency and power dissipation: At high current
levels, the I2R losses in RSENSE can be significant.
Take this into consideration when choosing the resistor
value and its power dissipation (wattage) rating. Also,
the sense resistor’s value might drift if it is allowed to
heat up excessively.
• Inductance: Keep inductance low if ISENSE has a
large high-frequency component. Because of the high
currents that flow through RSENSE, take care to eliminate parasitic trace resistance from causing errors in
the sense voltage. Either use a four-terminal currentsense resistor or use Kelvin (force and sense) PCB
layout techniques.
Power-Supply Bypassing and Grounding
For most applications, bypass VCC to GND with a 0.1µF
ceramic capacitor. In many applications, VCC can be
connected to one of the current monitor terminals (RS+
or RS-). Because VCC is independent of the monitored
voltage, VCC can be connected to a separate regulated
supply. There are no specific power-supply sequencing
issues to consider. The part can withstand 60V input
common-mode voltages even when VCC = 0V, and maintains a high input impedance in this application condition.
Ordering Information
PART
PINPACKAGE
GAIN
(V/V)
TEMP
RANGE
MAX9643TATA+
8 TDFN-EP*
2.5
-40°C to +125°C
MAX9643UATA+
8 TDFN-EP*
10
-40°C to +125°C
+Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
*EP = Exposed paddle.
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Maxim Integrated │ 10
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maximintegrated.com/packages. Note that a “+”,
“#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE TYPE
PACKAGE CODE
OUTLINE NO.
LAND PATTERN NO.
8 TDFN-EP
T823+1
21-0174
90-0091
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Maxim Integrated │ 11
MAX9643
60V High-Speed Precision Current-Sense Amplifier
Revision History
REVISION
NUMBER
REVISION
DATE
PAGES
CHANGED
0
8/11
Initial release
1
2/13
Updated Electrical Characteristics and Typical Operating Characteristics. Added the
Common Mode and Differential Filtering section.
3, 5, 6, 9
2
1/14
Revised the General Description, Benefits and Features, Electrical Characteristics,
and Internal Charge Pump sections.
1–3, 8
3
10/14
Removed automotive reference from data sheet
4
4/15
Revised Typical Operating Characteristics
DESCRIPTION
—
1, 9
5
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim Integrated’s website at www.maximintegrated.com.
Maxim Integrated cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim Integrated product. No circuit patent licenses
are implied. Maxim Integrated reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits)
shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance.
Maxim Integrated and the Maxim Integrated logo are trademarks of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
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