GM1431AT92RL

MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR Features Sink Current Capability 1 mA to 100mA Low dynamic output impedance, 0.2W typ. 0.5%, 1% or 2% reference voltage tolerance Alternate for TL431, TL431, LM431 & AS431 Temperature range 0°C to+ 70 °C Available in SOT-23, TO-92, SOT-89 and SOP- 8 packages Description The GM1431 is a three terminal adjustable shunt regulator with thermal stability guaranteed over temperature. Output voltage can be adjusted to any value between 2.5V (Vref) and 36V by using two external resistors. The GM1431 has a typical dynamic output impedance of 0.2W. Active output circuitry provides a very unique turn on characteristic, making the GM1431 an excellent tum on replacement for zener diodes in many applications such as onboard regulation and adjustable power supplies. The GM1431 is an ideal voltage reference for 3.0 to 3.3V switching power supplies. The GM1431 shunt regulator is available with 3 voltage tolerances, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% over TA= 0°C to + 70°C, and four package options (SOT-23, TO-92, SOT-89 and SOP-8). Whatever your application is, the GM1431 offers the optimum combination of performance, reliability, and economy. Application Switching power supplies Linear regulators Adjustable supplies Battery-operated computers Computer disk drives Instrumentation LOGIC SYMBOL BLOCK DIAGRAM (POSITIVE LOGIC) CATHODE REFERENCE REFERENCE + _ ANODE CATHODE V r ef ANODE www.gammamicro.com PRELIMINARY GM1431 V0.11 1 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR MARKING INFORMATION & PIN CONFIGURATIONS (TOP VIEW) TO- 92 GM 1431G AYWW 1. REF 2. Anode 3. Cathode 12 3 SOT-23 Anode 3 SOP- 8 ANODE REF ANODE NC SOT - 89 8765 XXXYW 1 2 GM1431G AYWW 1234 CATHODE ANODE NC ANODE GM1431G AYWW REF 1 2 3 CATHODE REF Cathode ANODE XXX = Marking Code G** = Grade A = Assembly Location Y = Year WW, W= Weekly ORDERING INFORMATION Ordering Number GM1431AT92B GM1431AT92RL GM1431AST23R GM1431AS8T GM1431AS8R GM1431AST89R GM1431BT92B GM1431BT92RL GM1431BST23R GM1431BS8T GM1431BS8R GM1431BST89R Precision 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% Device code Grade A A Package TO-92 TO-92 S OT-23 Shipping 1,000 Units/ ESD Bag 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units / Tape &Reel 100 Units / Tube 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel 1,000 Units/ ESD Bag 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units / Tape &Reel 100 Units / Tube 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel 1,000 Units/ ESD Bag 2,000 Units/ Ammo Pack(Tape) 3,000 Units / Tape &Reel 100 Units / Tube 2,500 Units / Tape & Reel 1,000 Units / Tape & Reel NAA A A A B B NAB SOP-8 SOP-8 SOT-89 TO-92 TO-92 SOT-23 B B B C C NAC SOP-8 SOP-8 SOT-89 TO-92 TO-92 SOT-23 GM1431 GM1431CT92B GM1431CT92RL GM1431CST23R GM1431CS8T GM1431CS8R GM1431CST89R C C C SOP-8 SOP-8 SOT-89 2 * For detail Ordering Number identification, please see last page. **Grade A: indicates Precision of 0.5%, B: indicates Precision of 1%, C: indicates Precision of 2% MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC CATHODE 800W 800W 20pF REF 150W 3.28KW 4KW 10kW 2.4KW 7.2KW 20pF 1kW 800W ANODE * All component values are nominal. Pin numbers shown are for the D package. GM1431 3 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (over free-air temperature range except as noted) PARAMETER Cathode Voltage (1) Continuous cathode current Reference input current range Power dissipation at TA = 25°C SOT-23 SOP-8 TO-92 SOT-89 Package thermal impedance (2, 3) SOT-23 TO-92 SOP-8 SOT-89 Operating ambient temperature range Lead temperature (soldering) 10 seconds SYMBOL VKA IK Iref VALUE 37 -100 to 150 -50µA to 10mA 0.23 0.60 0.78 0.80 336 132 163 132 0 to 70 260 UNIT V mA mA PD W qJ A °C/W TA TLEAD TJ °C °C These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any conditions beyond the "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rated conditions may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. Voltage values are with respect to the anode except as noted. 2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), qJA and TA. Maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) 3. Package thermal impedance is calculated per JESD 51. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS PARAMETER Cathode Voltage Cathode Current SYMBOL VKA IK MINIMUM Vref 1.0 MAXIMUM 36 100 UNIT V mA GM1431 4 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) GM1431A (0.5%) PARAMETER Reference Input Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA Reference input current Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance Vref Vdev DVref DVKA Iref CONDITION VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25°C (1) VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to 70°C(1) VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1), TA = full range IK = 10mA MIN 2.487 TYP 2.500 4 -2.7 -2.0 -1.0 -0.4 1.3 0.4 4.0 1.2 MAX 2.512 17 UNIT V mV mV/V mA mA DVKA = 10V to Vref DVKA = 36V to 10V (2) IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = I = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = Iref(dev) K TA = full range IK(min) VKA = Vref (1) VKA = 36V, Vref = 0V (3) (2) 0.4 1.0 mA IK(off) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V (3) 0.1 0.2 1 0.50 mA W | ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1) GM1431B (1.0%) PARAMETER Reference Input Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA Reference input current Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance NOTES: (1) See test circuit 1 on page 5. (2) See test circuit 2 on page 5. (3) See test circuit 3 on page 5. CONDITION Vref Vdev DVref DVKA Iref VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25°C (1) VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to 70°C(1) VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1), TA = full range IK = 10mA MIN 2.474 TYP 2.500 4 MAX 2.525 17 UNIT V mV mV/V DVKA = 10V to Vref DVKA = 36V to 10V (2) -2.7 -2.0 -1.0 -0.4 1.3 0.4 4.0 1.2 IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = mA mA I = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = Iref(dev) K TA = full range IK(min) VKA = Vref (1) VKA = 36V, Vref = 0V (3) (2) 0.4 1.0 mA IK(off) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V (3) 0.1 0.2 1 0.50 mA W | ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1) GM1431 5 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted) GM1431C (2.0%) PARAMETER Reference Input Voltage Vref temp deviation Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA Reference input current Deviation of reference input current over full temperature range Minimum operating current Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance NOTES: (1) See test circuit 1. (2) See test circuit 2. (3) See test circuit 3. CONDITION Vref Vdev DVref DVKA Iref VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25°C (1) VKA=Vref,IK=10 mA,TA= 0 to 70°C(1) VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA (1), TA = full range IK = 10mA MIN 2.45 TYP 2.500 4 MAX 2.55 17 UNIT V mV mV/V DVKA = 10V to Vref DVKA = 36V to 10V (2) -2.7 -2.0 -1.0 -0.4 1.3 0.4 4.0 1.2 IK = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = mA mA I = 10mA, R1 = 10KW, R2 = Iref(dev) K TA = full range IK(min) VKA = Vref (1) VKA = 36V, Vref = 0V (3) VKA = 16V, Vref = 0V (3) (2) 0.4 1.0 mA IK(off) 0.1 0.2 1 0.50 mA W | ZKA | f 1kHz,VKA=Vref, IK=100mA to 100mA (1) TEST CIRCUITS VIN VKA VIN VKA lref R1 V ref R2 Vref lref Vref VIN VKA lk(off) lk GM1431 Test Circuit 1 V KA = V ref Test Circuit 2 V KA > V ref Test Circuit 3 Off-State 6 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR TYPICAL APPLICATIONS GM1431A, GM1431B Vin R1 Vout Vin R1 Vout R2 R2 R1 Vout=( 1+ R2 ) Vref R1 ) Vref R2 Vout=( 1+ Figure 1. Shunt Regulator Figure 2. High Current Shunt Regulator Vin G M 7805 In Out Common Vin Vout R1 R1 Vout R2 R1 )Vref R2 R2 Vout=(1+ Vout=(1+ Vout(min) = Vref+ 5.0V R1 ) Vref R2 2.0V Figure 3. Output Control for a Three Terminal Fixed Regulator Vout(min) = Vref+ Vbe Figure 4. Series Pass Regulator Vin RCL Iout Vin Vout Isink V Isink= ref RS Iout= Vref RCL RS Figure 5. Constant Current Source Figure 6. Constant Current Sink Vin R1 Vout Vin R1 Vout R2 R2 Vout(trip)=(1 + R1 ) Vref R2 Vout(trip)=(1 + R1 ) Vref R2 Figure 7. TRIAC Crowbar Figure 8. SCR Crowbar GM1431 7 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR 2 00 150 Cathode current (mA) Typical Performance Characteristics 1000 800 Cathode current ( m A) 600 400 200 0 -200 -400 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Cathode Voltage (V) Cathode Voltage (V) Figure 9. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Iref, REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 10. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage 2.5 2 Impedance (W) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 20 40 60 80 0 100K 200K 300K 400K 500K Frequency (Hz) 600K T A , AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 11. Reference Input Current versus Ambient Temperature Vref, REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 12. Dynamic Impedance Frequency 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 100 Avol, OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 2.498 2.496 2.494 2.492 2.49 2.488 2.486 0 20 40 60 80 1k 10k 100k 1M T A , AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) f, FREQUENCY (HZ) Figure 13. Reference Input Voltage versus Ambient Temperature 100 A: VKA = VREF 90 B: VKA = 5V 80 C: VKA = 10V 70 D: VKA = 15V 60 50 Stability A 40 Region 30 20 TA = 25° 10 B 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 CL-Load Capacitance(pF) Figure 14. Open-Loop Voltage Gain vs. Frequency GM1431 8 IK- Cathode Current (mA) Figure 15. Stability Boundary Conditions (No Oscillation at VKA=10V and VKA=15V) Phase Shift 2.5 0° I KA =10mA 36° T A =25°C 72° 108° 144° 180° MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR Design Guide for AC-DCSMPS ( Switching Mode Power Supply) Use of Shunt Regulator in Transformer Secondary Side Control This example is applicable to both forward transformers and flyback transformers. A shunt regulator is used on the secondary side as an error amplifier, and feedback to the primary side is provided via a photocoupler. Transformer R1 SBD GM384X GM38C4X IF VF Phototransistor Photocoupler Light emitting diode R2 VK C1 REF GM1431 GND R5 R4 Vref R3 (+) Output VO (-) IB Figure 16. Typical Shunt Regulator/ Error Amplifier D etermination of External Costants for the Shunt Regulator Dc characteristic determination: In figure 16, R1 and R2 are protection resistor for the light emitting diode in the photocoupler, and R2 is a bypass resistor to feed IK Minimum, and these are determined as shown below. The photocoupler specification should be obtained separately from the manufacturer. Using the parameters in figure 16, the following formulas are obtained: R1 = VO - VF - VK I F +I B , R2 = VF IB Next, the output voltage can be determined by R3 and R4, and the following formula is obtained: VO = R3 +R4 X V ref , V erf =2 .5 V Typ R4 The absolute values of R3 and R4 are determined by the GM1431 reference input current Iref and the AC characteristics described in the next section. The Iref value is around 1.3µA Typ. VK Is the GM1431 operating voltage, and is set at around 3V, taking into account a margin for fluctuation. R2 is the current shunt resistance for the light emitting diode, in which a bias current IB of around 1/5 IF flows. GM1431 9 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR AC Characteristic Determination: This refers to the determination of the gain frequency characteristic of the shunt regulator as an error amplifier. Taking the configuration in figure 16, the error amplifier characteristic is as shown in figure 17. G1 Gain G (dB) * fosc: PWM switching frequency G2 When R5= 0 When R5= 0 f1 fAC f2 fosc Frequency f (Hz) F igure 17. GM1431 Error Amplification Characteristic In Figure 17, the following formulas are obtained: Gain G1 = G0 50 dB to 60 dB (determined by shunt regulator) G2 = R5 R3 Corner frequencies f1 = 1/(2p C1 G0 R3) f2 = 1/(2p C1 R5) G0 is the shunt regulator open-loop gain; this is given by the reciprocal of the reference voltage fluctuation DVref/DVKA, and is approximately 50 dB. Practical Example Consider the example of a photocoupler, with an internal light emitting diode VF = 1.05 V and IF = 2.5 mA, power supply output voltage V2 = 5 V, and bias resistance R2 current of approximately 1/5 IF at 0.5 mA. If the shunt regulator VK = 3 V, the following values are found. R1= R 2= 5V - 1.05V - 3V =316W 2.5mA + 0.54mA 1.05V =2.1 kW 0.54mA GM1431 Next, assume that R3 = R4 = 10 kW. This gives a 5 V output. If R5 = 3.3 kW and C1 = 0.022 µF, the following values are found. G2 = 3.3 kW / 10 kW = 0.33 times (–10 dB) f1 = 1 / (2 x p x 0.022 µF x 316 x 10 kW) = 2.3 (Hz) f2 = 1 / (2 x p x 0.022 µF x 3.3 kW) = 2.2 (kHz) 10 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR SOT-89 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 4.50 ± 0.05 1.650 REF 1.400 REF R 0.13~4X R 0.13~3X 1.50 ± 0.05 Pad Layout 2 NO DRAFT~2 Units: mm 4.20 ± 0.05 2.5 ± 0.05 1.00 ± 0.07 3.00 ± 0.025 6°~2X 1.5 1 R 0.13~2X R 0.13~2X 6°~2X Unit: mm SOT-23 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 2.90 ± 0.1 0.13 0.4 ± 0.1 2.8 ± 0.1 0.95 ± 0.038 1.9 ± 0.05 5° 0.037 0.95 0.037 0.95 Inches ( mm ) 1.10 ± 0.1 Unit: mm GM1431 11 F 1.5 ± 0.05 0.65 ± 0.05 0~0.1 Pad Layout 0.031 0.8 0 .035 0.9 0.079 1.5 1.50 1.50 G 6° 0.46 ± 0.025 45° R 0.1 MAX 3 0.7 0.38 ± 0.01 0.8 ± 0.05 2.0 MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR SOP-8 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 0.008 +0.0018 -0.0005 8° 0.028 +0.022 -0.013 +0.56 -0.33 (0.20 +0.05 -0.01 ) (0.71 ) P ad Layout 0.060 1.52 0.236 ± 0.008 R 0.154 +0.003 -0.004 (5.99 +0.21 -0.20 ) 0.275 7.0 0.155 4.0 P IN INDENT (3.91 ± 0.1) 0.024 0.6 0.050 1.270 Inches ( mm ) 0.191 +0.004 -0.002 +0.10 -0.05 (4.85 ) 0.063 ± 0.005 (1.60 ± 0.13) 0.057 (1.45) Inches ( mm ) 0.0025 ± 0.0015 (0.175 ± 0.075) 0.050 (1.270) 0.016 +0.004 -0.003 +0.10 -0.08 (0.41 ) TO-92 PACKAGE OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 4.6 ± 0.1 2° 3.6 ± 0.15 2° 4.6 ± 0.1 1.45 ± 0.1 3 - 0.46 14.5 ± 0.5 D 2.3 2° 2° GM1431 0.38 ± 0.015 1.27 1.27 3.6 ± 0.15 1.3 ± 0.1 Unit: mm 12 5° 5° MICROELECTRONICS A A Adjustable Shunt Regulator GM1431 ADJUSTABLE SHUNT REGULATOR ORDERING NUMBER GM 1431 A T92 B Gamma Micro. Circuit Type Shipping B : ESD Bag RL: Ammo Pack R: Tape & Reel T: Tube (Tape) Package T92: TO-92 ST23: SOT-23 S8: SOP-8 ST89: SOT-89 Voltage Tolerance A: 0.5% B: 1.0% C: 2.0% GM1431 13