TL431Z

PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR TL431Z/AZ /CZ PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION REFERENCES The TL431Z is three-terminal adjustable shunt regulator with specified termal stability. The output voltage may be set to any value between VREF(Approx. 2.5V) and 36V with two external resistors. This device has a typical output inpedance of 0.2Ω. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making this device excellent replacement for zener diodes in many application. TO-92 PKG 3.Cathode 2.Anode 1.Reference SOT-23 PKG 2.Anode 1.Reference 3.Cathode FEATURES ● Equivalent Full Range Temperature Coefficient 50PPM/℃ ● Temperature Compensated For Operation Over Full Rate Operating Temperature Range ● Adjustable Output Voltage ● Fast Turn-on Response ● Sink Current Capability 1㎃ to 100㎃ ● Low (0.2Ω Typ.) Dynamic Output Impedance ● Low Output Noise ORDERING INFORMATION Device TL431Z TL431-AZ TL431-CZ TL431ZSF TL431-AZSF TL431-CZSF Marking TL431Z TL431-AZ TL431-CZ 431 * Packing label is different as Vref Package TO-92 SOT-23 FUNCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM BLOCK DIAGRAM REFERENCE CATHODE CATHODE(K) 2.5VREF REFERENCE(R) ANODE(A) ANODE Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 1 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC TL431Z/AZ /CZ - All component values are nominal RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS CHARACTERISTIC Cathode Voltage Cathode Current SYMBOL VKA IK MIN. VREF 1 MAX. 36 100 UNIT V ㎃ DISSIPATION RATING TABLE1-FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE Package TO-92 SOT-23 TA=25℃ Power Rating 770㎽ 230㎽ Derating Factor Above TA=25℃ 6.2㎽/℃ 1.8㎽/℃ TA=70℃ TA=85℃ TA=125℃ Power Rating Power Rating Power Rating 398㎽ 491㎽ 149㎽ 122㎽ - Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 2 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Full Operating Ambient Temperature Range Applies Unless Otherwise Noted) CHARACTERISTIC Cathode Voltage Continuous Cathode Current Range Reference Input Current Range Junction Temperature Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient SYMBOL VKA IKA IREF TJ TOPR TSTG RATING 37 -100 ~ +150 2~4 150 -40 ~ 85 -65 ~ 150 TO-92 PKG = 178 SOT-23 PKG = 625 TL431Z/AZ /CZ UNIT V ㎃ ㎂ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃/W ΘJA TL431Z ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTIC Reference Input Voltage Deviation of Reference Input Voltage Over Full Temperature Range Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage to the Change in Cathod Voltage Reference Input Current Deviation of Reference Input Current Over Full Temperature Range Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation Off-State Cathode Current Dynamic Impedance IKAMIN 1 ΔVKA=VREF ΔIREF/ΔT 2 IREF 2 ΔVREF/ΔVKA (TA=25℃, unless otherwise specified) TEST CONDITION MIN. 2.440 TYP. 2.495 MAX. 2.550 UNIT V SYMBOL CIR-CUIT VREF 1 VKA=VREF, IK=10㎃ VKA=VREF, IK=10㎃ ΔVREF/ΔT 1 TA=Full Range 3 17 ㎷ ΔVKA=10V-V REF 2 IK=10㎃ ΔVKA=36V-10V IKA=10㎃, R1=10㏀, R2=∞ IK=10㎃, R1=10㏀, R2=∞ TA=Full Range -1.4 -2.7 ㎷/V -1 2.0 -2 4 ㎂ 0.4 1.2 ㎂ 0.4 1 ㎃ IKAOFF 3 VKA=36V, V REF=0 0.1 1 ㎂ ZKA 1 VKA=VREF, IK=1㎃~100㎃, f≤1㎑ 0.2 0.5 Ω Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 3 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR TL431Z/AZ /CZ TL431AZ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTIC Reference Input Voltage Deviation of Reference Input Voltage Over Full Temperature Range Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage to the Change in Cathod Voltage Reference Input Current Deviation of Reference Input Current Over Full Temperature Range Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation Off-State Cathode Current Dynamic Impedance SYMBOL CIR-CUIT VREF 1 ΔVREF/ΔT (TA=25℃, unless otherwise specified) MIN. 2.470 TYP. 2.495 3 MAX. 2.520 17 UNIT V ㎷ 1 TEST CONDITION VKA=VREF, IK=10㎃ VKA=VREF, IK=10㎃ TA=Full Range ΔVKA=10V-V REF -1.4 -1 2.0 0.4 -2.7 ㎷/V -2 4 1.2 ㎂ ㎂ ΔVREF/ΔVKA 2 IK=10㎃ ΔVKA=36V-10V IKA=10㎃, R1=10㏀, R2=∞ IK=10㎃, R1=10㏀, R2=∞ TA=Full Range ΔVKA=VREF VKA=36V, V REF=0 VKA=VREF, IK=1㎃~100㎃, f≤1㎑ IREF ΔIREF/ΔT 2 2 IKAMIN IKAOFF ZKA 1 3 1 0.4 0.1 0.2 1 1 0.5 ㎃ ㎂ Ω TL431CZ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTIC Reference Input Voltage Deviation of Reference Input Voltage Over Full Temperature Range Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage to the Change in Cathod Voltage Reference Input Current Deviation of Reference Input Current Over Full Temperature Range Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation Off-State Cathode Current Dynamic Impedance IKAMIN IKAOFF ZKA ΔIREF/ΔT IREF ΔVREF/ΔVKA ΔVREF/ΔT (TA=25℃, unless otherwise specified) TEST CONDITION MIN. 2.482 TYP. 2.495 3 MAX. 2.508 17 UNIT V ㎷ SYMBOL CIR-CUIT VREF 1 1 VKA=VREF, IK=10㎃ VKA=VREF, IK=10㎃ TA=Full Range ΔVKA=10V-V REF 2 IK=10㎃ ΔVKA=36V-10V 2 2 IKA=10㎃, R1=10㏀, R2=∞ IK=10㎃, R1=10㏀, R2=∞ TA=Full Range ΔVKA=VREF VKA=36V, V REF=0 VKA=VREF, IK=1㎃~100㎃, f≤1㎑ -1.4 -1 2.0 0.4 -2.7 ㎷/V -2 4 1.2 ㎂ ㎂ 1 3 1 0.4 0.1 0.2 1 1 0.5 ㎃ ㎂ Ω Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 4 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR TL431Z/AZ /CZ Fig. 1 Test Circuit for V KA =V REF Fig. 2 Test Circuit for V KA ≥V REF INPUT IKA VKA INPUT IKA VKA R1 DUT ＩREF DUT VREF R2 VREF VKA=VREF(1+R1/R2)+IREF R1 Fig. ３ Test Circuit for IKA （off) INPUT IKA VKA DUT Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 5 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR TL431Z/AZ /CZ The deviation parameters V REF(DEV) and IREF(DEF) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the recommended temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference voltage, αV REF, is defined as : Maximum V REF V I(dev) 6 （ ）x10 ppm VREF at 25℃ ｜αVREF｜ （ ）= ℃ ΔTA VI(dev) Minimum V REF ΔTA Where : ΔTA is the recommended operating free-air temperature range of the device. αVREF can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V REF or maximum V REF, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature. Example : Maximum V REF=2496㎷ at 30℃, maximum VREF=2492㎷ at 0℃, VREF=2495㎷ at 25℃, ΔTA=70℃ for TL431CZ （ 4㎷ x106 ） ~ 23PPM/℃ 2495㎷ ~ 70℃ ｜αVREF｜= Because minimum V REF occurs at the lower temperature, the coefficient is positive. Calculating Dynamic Impedance The dynamic impedance is defined as : ｜ZKA｜= ΔVKA ΔIKA When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 3), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by : ΔV ΔI ~｜ZKA｜ （1+ R1 ） ~ R2 ｜Z'｜= Figure 1. Calculating deviation parameters and dynamic impedance Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 6 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE† 2600 2580 2560 2540 VREF-REFERENCE VOLTAGE2520 VREF=2495㎷‡ 2500 2480 2460 VREF=2440㎷‡ 2440 2420 2400 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 -75 -50 -25 0 25 VREF=2500㎷‡ 4 VREF-REFERENCE VOLTAGE5 R1=10㏀ R2=∞ IKA=10㎃ TL431Z/AZ /CZ REFERENCE CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE † 3 2 1 50 75 100 125 TA-FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE-℃ TA-FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE-℃ † Data is applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. ‡ Data is for devices having the indicated value of REF at IKA=10㎷, V TA=25℃ † Data is applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. Figure 4. CATHODE CURRENT vs CATHODE VOLTAGE 150 125 100 IKA-CATHODE CURRENT75 50 25 0 -25 -50 -75 -100 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -200 -1 0 0 IKA-CATHODE CURRENTVKA=VREF TA=25℃ 600 800 VKA=VERF TA=25℃ Figure 5. CATHODE CURRENT vs CATHODE VOLTAGE IMIN 400 200 1 2 3 VKA-CATHODE VOLTAGE-V VKA-CATHODE VOLTAGE-V Figure 6. Figure 7. Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 7 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE† 2.5 VKA=36 V 2 IOFF-OFFSTATE CATHODE CURRENT -0.95 -0.85 VKA=3V TO 36V TL431Z/AZ /CZ RATIO DELTA REFERENCE VOLTAGE TO DELTA CATHODE VOLTAGE vs FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE † 1.5 ΔVREF/ΔV -㎷/V KA -75 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 -1.05 -1.15 1 -1.25 0.5 -1.35 0 -50 -1.45 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TA-FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE-℃ TA-FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE-℃ † Data is applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. † Data is applicable only within the recommended operating free-air temperature ranges of the various devices. Figure 8. EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE VS FREQUENCY 260 240 VIN-EQUIVALENT NOISE VOLTAGE-㎵ 220 IO=10㎃ TA=25℃ Figure 9. 200 180 160 140 120 100 10 100 1K f-FREQUENCY-㎐ 10K 100K Figure 10. Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 8 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 19.1V 1㏀ TL431Z/AZ /CZ 500㎌ 910Ω 2000㎌ VCC VCC TL2027 AV=10V/㎷ + 820Ω 16Ω 0.1㎌ 33㏀ 910Ω VEE VEE AV=2V/V 160㏀ + 16㏀ 16㏀ 1㎌ 33㏀ TL2027 22㎌ 1㎌ TO OSCILLOSCOPE TL431 (DUT) Figure 11. Test Circuit for Equivalent Input Noise Voltage SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION VS FREQUENCY 60 AV-SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATIO IKA=10㎃ TA=25℃ 50 15㏀ 40 IKA OUTPUT 232Ω 9㎌ 30 + 8.25㏀ - ~ 20 GND 10 Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification 0 1K 10K 100K f-FREQUENCY-㎐ 1M 10M Figure 12. Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 9 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TL431Z/AZ /CZ REFERENCE IMPEDANCE VS FREQUENCY 100 IKA=10㎃ TA=25℃ 1㏀ ｜ZKA｜-REFERENCE IMPEDANCE OUTPUT 10 ~ 50Ω + IKA 1 GND Test Circuit for Reference Impedance 0.1 1K 10K 100K f-FREQUENCY-㎐ 1M 10M Figure 13. REFERENCE IMPEDANCE VS FREQUENCY 6 TA=25℃ 5 INPUT 220Ω OUTPUT PULSE GENERATOR f=100㎑ OUTPUT ｜ZKA｜-REFERENCE IMPEDANCE 4 50Ω 3 2 GND 1 Test Circuit for Pulse Response 0 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t-TIME-㎲ Figure 14. Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 10 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR APPLICATION INFORMATION R (SEE NOTE A) VI(BATT) R1 0.1% VREF R2 0.1% RETURN TL431 VO =（1+ VO TL431Z/AZ /CZ R1 VREF R2 ） NOTE A : R Should provide cathode current≥1㎃ to the TL431 at minimum VI(BATT) Figure 15. Shunt Regulator VI(BATT) TL431 INPUT VIT ~ 2.5V ~ VO VON ~ 2.5V ~ VOFF ~ VI(BATT) ~ GND Figure 16. Single-Supply Comparator With Temperature-Compensated Threshold VI(BATT) R (SEE NOTE A) 2N222 2N222 30Ω 4.7㏀ 0.01㎌ TL431 R2 0.1% R1 0.1% VO =（1+ R1 V ） REF R2 VO NOTE A : R Should provide cathode current≥1㎃ to the TL431 at minimum VI(BATT) Figure 17. Precision High-Current Series Regulator Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 HTC 11 PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR APPLICATION INFORMATION VI(BATT) IN LM7805 COMMON TL431 R2 OUT R1 VO =（1+ VO TL431Z/AZ /CZ R1 V R2 ） REF MINIMUM V O=VREF+5V Figure 18. Output Control of a 3-Terminal Fixed Regulator VI(BATT) R1 VO VO =（1+ R2 RETURN TL431 R1 V R2 ） REF Figure 19. High-Current Shunt Regulator VI(BATT) R1 TL431 VO R2 C (SEE NOTE A) NOTE A : Refer to the stability boundary conditions in Figure 16 to determine allowable values for C. Figure 20. Crowbar Circuit Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 12 HTC PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR APPLICATION INFORMATION TL431Z/AZ /CZ VI(BATT) IN 8.2㏀ LM317 OUT 243Ω 0.1% VO ~ 5V, 1.5A ~ Adjust TL431 243Ω 0.1% Figure 21. Precision 5-V 1.5A Regulator VI(BATT) RB (SEE NOTE A) VO ~ 5V ~ 27.4㏁ 0.1% TL431 27.4㏁ 0.1% NOTE A : RB Should provide cathode current≥1㎃ to the TL431. Figure 22. Efficient 5-V Precision Regulator 12V 6.8㏁ 5V 10㏁ 10㏁ 0.1% TL431 10㏁ 0.1% + X NOT USED TL598 FEED BACK Figure 23. PWM Converter With Reference Jan. 2007 - Rev 1.0 13 HTC PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR APPLICATION INFORMATION TL431Z/AZ /CZ R3 (SEE NOTE A) VI(BATT) R1A TL431 R1B OUT R4 (SEE NOTE A) LOW LIMIT= （1+ R1B ） VREF R2B HIGH LIMIT= （1+ R1A ） VREF R2A R2A R2B LED ON WHEN LOW LIMIT＜