TLE9012DQUXUMA1

TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Voltage monitoring of up to 12 battery cells connected in series Hot plugging support Dedicated 16-bit delta-sigma ADC for each cell with selectable measurement mode High-accuracy measurement for SoC and SoH calculation Integrated stress sensor with digital compensation algorithm and temperature-compensated measurements Secondary ADC with same averaging filter characteristics as advanced Endto-End safety mechanism Five temperature measurement channels for external NTCs Internal temperature sensors Integrated balancing switch allows up to 200 mA balancing current Differential robust serial 2 Mbit/s communication interface Additional four GPIO pins to e.g. connect an external EEPROM Internal round robin cycle routine triggers majority of diagnostics mechanisms - Automatic balancing over- and undercurrent detection scheme - Automatic open load and open wire detection scheme - Automatic NTC measurement unit monitoring scheme End-to-end CRC secured iso UART/UART communication Emergency mode for communication ISO 26262 Safety Element out of Context for safety requirements up to ASIL D Green Product (RoHS compliant) Potential applications Multi-cell battery monitoring and balancing system IC designed for Li-ion battery packs used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), battery electric vehicles (BEV) as well as in 12 V Li-ion batteries. Product validation Qualified for automotive applications. Product validation according to AEC-Q100. Datasheet Please read the sections "Important notice" and "Warnings" at the end of this document www.infineon.com/battery-management-systems Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Description Description The TLE9012DQU is a Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC. The main function of the TLE9012DQU is to monitor the temperature of the battery and voltage of up to 12 cells as well as the communication to the host controller. Type Package Marking TLE9012DQU PG-TQFP-48 TLE9012DQU Datasheet 2 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Table of contents Table of contents Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Potential applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Product validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 2.1 2.2 Pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Pin assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pin definitions and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 General product characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Functional range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Thermal resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4 4.1 Monitoring of internal oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Electrical characteristics monitoring of internal oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5 5.1 5.2 Power Management Unit (PMU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Electrical characteristics power management unit (PMU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6 6.1 6.2 Watchdog and wake-up function (WD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Electrical characteristics watchdog and wake-up function (WD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 7 7.1 7.2 Measurement control (MC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Electrical characteristics measurement control (MC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8 8.1 Primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 8.2 Electrical characteristics primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 9 9.1 9.2 Secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Electrical characteristics secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 10 10.1 10.2 Block voltage measurement (BVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Electrical characteristics block voltage measurement (BVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 11 11.1 Auxiliary voltage measurement (AVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Datasheet 3 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Table of contents 11.2 Electrical characteristics auxiliary voltage measurement (AVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 12 12.1 12.2 Temperature measurement unit (TMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Electrical characteristics temperature measurement (TMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 13 13.1 13.2 Cell balancing (CB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Electrical characteristics cell balancing (CB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 14 14.1 14.2 Cell diagnostics (CD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Electrical characteristics cell diagnostics (CD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 15 15.1 15.2 General-purpose input/output (GPIO/PWM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Electrical characteristics general-purpose input/output (GPIO/PWM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 16 16.1 16.1.1 16.1.2 16.1.3 16.2 Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Register write modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Communication frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Register read modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Electrical characteristics communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 17 17.1 17.2 Round robin (RR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Electrical characteristics round robin (RR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 18 18.1 18.2 Emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Electrical characteristics emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 19 19.1 19.2 Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 External circuitry and components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Typical application diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 20 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Datasheet 4 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 1 Block diagram Sleep regulator VS Power Management Unit Main regulator Sleep oscillator Main oscillator Device watchdog (WD) incl. extended WD Diagnosis Unit incl. Round Robin Power management diagnosis U12P IFH_H IFH_L ERR VIO VDDC Block diagram VREGOUT(VDDA) 1 isoUART Interface High-Side PWM1 U12 G11 ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #11 DIAG P Ref. A G10 GPIO0/UART_LS DIAG P COMP #10 ΔΣ ADC 16bit Block #13 U2 Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #1 DIAG P Ref. A G0 ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #0 DIAG P VDDA REF. A GND SAR 11bit Digital Control & Registers Figure 1 Datasheet TMP4 TMP3 TMP2 TMP1 TMP0 TMP_GND COMP #0 VDDA REF. B isoUART Interface Low-Side Ref. B DAC 11bit GND IFL_L GND COMP #1 SAR MUX G1 U0 GPIO1/UART_HS ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #10 Ref. B U1 PWM0 IFL_H U10 COMP #11 Temperature Mesurement Unit U11 UART / PWM/ GPIO Cell Management Unit Ref. A Block diagram 5 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 2 Pin configuration 2 Pin configuration 2.1 Pin assignment Figure 2 Pin configuration (top view) 2.2 Pin definitions and functions Pin Symbol Pin type Function 1 G5 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 5. 2 U5 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 5, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 4). 3 G4 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 4. 4 U4 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 4, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 3). 5 G3 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 3. 6 U3 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 3, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 2). 7 G2 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 2. 8 U2 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 2, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 1). 9 G1 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 1. 10 U1 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 1, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 0). 11 G0 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 0. 12 U0 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 0, negative terminal (same potential as local GND). 13 TMP4 IO Temperature sensor 4. If not used connect pin to GND. If TMP4 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin. Datasheet 6 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 2 Pin configuration Pin Symbol Pin type Function 14 TMP3 IO Temperature sensor 3. If not used connect pin to GND. If TMP3 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin. 15 GND GND Local GND of CSC (cell supervision circuit) device 16 TMP2 IO Temperature sensor 2. If not used connect pin to GND. If TMP2 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin. 17 TMP1 IO Temperature sensor 1. If not used connect pin to GND. If TMP1 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin. 18 TMP0 IO Temperature sensor 0. If not used connect pin to GND. If TMP0 is disabled, the pin can be used as 0 to 2 V auxiliary ADC miscellaneous pin. 19 TMP_GN IO D Temperature sensor reference. This pin can be connected to local GND. 20 PWM1 IO PWM output channel 1. This pin also has a general purpose input/output function. If not used connect pin to GND. 21 PWM0 IO PWM output channel 0. This pin also has a general purpose input/output function. If not used connect pin to GND. 22 GND GND Local GND of CSC device (cell supervision circuit). 23 IFL_L D_I / O Lower isolated UART (iso UART) L pin. 24 IFL_H D_I / O Lower isolated UART (iso UART) H pin. 25 IFH_H D_I / O Upper isolated UART (iso UART) H pin. 26 IFH_L D_I / O Upper isolated UART (iso UART) L pin. 27 VDDC Supply Buffer capacitor pin for internal iso UART supply. 28 GPIO0 / D_I / O UART_LS General-purpose input/output channel 0. This pin also has the function of UART_LS. If not used connect pin to GND. 29 GPIO1 / D_I / O UART_HS General-purpose input/output channel 1. This pin also has the function of UART_HS. If not used connect pin to GND. 30 VIO Supply for GPIO interface. 31 VREGOU S T Output pin for the internal regulator. 32 n.c. n.c. Not connected. Connect to GND in application. 33 ERR HV_D_O Error output to microcontroller; open drain PMOS connected to VS. If not used, leave unconnected. 34 VS S Supply pin of internal regulator VVREGOUT. 35 U12P S Positive supply pin. Connect to positive terminal of topmost cell in block. Input for the sleep regulator. 36 U12 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 11, positive terminal (most upper cell in the block). 37 G11 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 11. 38 U11 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 11, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 10). Datasheet S 7 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 2 Pin configuration Pin Symbol Pin type Function 39 G10 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 10. 40 U10 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 10, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 9). 41 G9 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 9. 42 U9 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 9, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 8). 43 G8 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 8. 44 U8 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 8, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 7). 45 G7 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 7. 46 U7 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 7, negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 6). 47 G6 A_I / O Cell-balancing channel 6. 48 U6 A_I Cell voltage measurement channel 6 negative terminal (positive terminal of cell 5). 49 Exposed Pad GNDA Cooling tab. Connect to GND in the application. Pin types: A = analog, D = digital, HV = high-voltage, I = input, O = output, I/O = bidirectional, P = power, S = supply Datasheet 8 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 3 General product characteristics 3 General product characteristics Within the functional or operating range, the IC operates as described in the circuit description. The electrical characteristics are specified within the conditions given in the electrical characteristics table. This thermal data was generated in accordance with JEDEC JESD51 standards. For more information, go to www.jedec.org. 3.1 Absolute maximum ratings Table 1 Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber 75 V – PRQ-486 Min. Typ. Max. Voltages Supply voltage VS VVS_max -0.3 – Supply voltage VS relative VVS_rel_max VVREG – OUT 0.3 – V – PRQ-489 Transient high voltage Vtransient_hi 75 – 90 V Maximum transient duration 60 sec. Valid for following pins vs. GND: VS, U12P, U12, Gn, Un (0 ≤ n ≤ 11) PRQ-521 gh_max Supply VU12P_max voltage U12P -0.3 – 75 V – PRQ-487 Supply voltage VIO VVIO_max -0.3 – 5.5 V – PRQ-488 Regulator output VREGOUT VVREGOUT_ -0.3 – 3.6 V – PRQ-490 Regulator VVDDC_max output VDDC -0.3 – 3.6 V Assuming IVDDC ≤ 1 mA continuous current PRQ-491 Cell sense VUn_max input voltage absolute Un -0.3 – 75 V 0 ≤ n ≤ 12 PRQ-494 Cell sense input voltages relative Un max VUn_rel_max VUn-1 – -x VUn-1 V +9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cell VGn_max balancing pin absolute Gn -0.3 – 75 V 1 ≤ n ≤ 12 PRQ-495 x = -0.0016 × Tj + 0.54 Typical clamping voltage Maximum allowed current into/out of the pin: 40 mA For 7.5 V < VUn < 9 V: Current flowing into the pin is below 10 mA 0 ≤ n ≤ 11 PRQ-496 (table continues...) Datasheet 9 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 3 General product characteristics Table 1 (continued) Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Cell balancing pins relative Gn VGn_rel_max VUn - – 0.3 VUn+1 V + 0.3 0 ≤ n ≤ 11 PRQ-497 General purpose I/O voltages absolute GPIOq VGPIOq_max -0.3 – 5.5 V 0≤q≤1 PRQ-505 General purpose I/O voltages relative GPIOq VGPIOq_rel_ -0.3 – VVIO V + 0.3 0≤q≤1 PRQ-506 -0.3 – 75 V – PRQ-510 Open drain output pin relative ERR VERR_rel_ma -0.3 – VVS + V 0.3 – PRQ-509 iso UART interface IFL_x VIFL_L_max VIFL_H_max – 6.6 1) PRQ-493 iso UART interface IFH_x VIFH_L_max -4.1 VIFH_H_max max Open drain VERR_max output pin absolute ERR x Temperature VTMPz_max sensor input voltages absolute TMPz -4.1 V BCI test maximum 300 mA injected via twisted pair cable onto iso UART interface (maximum pin current 150 mA) – 6.6 V 1) PRQ-492 BCI test maximum 300 mA injected via twisted pair cable onto iso UART interface (maximum pin current 150 mA) -0.3 – 3.63 V 0≤z≤4 PRQ-863 Temperature VTMPz_rel_m -0.3 sensor input ax voltages relative TMPz – VVREG V OUT + 0.3 0≤z≤4 PRQ-864 (table continues...) Positive and negative transients with a maximum duration of 100 ns allowed between ± 8 V; This should simulate ESD events; however, during normal and steady-state condition voltage on these pins must stay inside the maximum ratings specified. 1 Datasheet 10 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 3 General product characteristics Table 1 (continued) Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Temperature VTMP_GND_ sensor input max voltage absolute TMP_GND -0.3 – 2.75 V – PRQ-503 Temperature VTMP_GND_r -0.3 sensor input el_max voltages relative TMP_GND – VVREG V OUT + 0.3 – PRQ-504 Pulse width modulation I/O voltages absolute PWMp VPWMp_max -0.3 – 5.5 V 0≤p≤1 PRQ-865 Pulse width modulation I/O voltages relative PWMp VPWMp_rel_ -0.3 – VVIO V + 0.3 0≤p≤1 PRQ-866 Ground pin GND VGND 0 – 0 V Absolute GND PRQ-511 ESD VESD_2kV_m -2 robustness 2 ax kV – 2 kV 2) PRQ-514 ESD VESD_4kV_m -4 robustness 4 ax kV – max ESD robustness ESD robustness CDM 500 V HBM; all pins VESD_cdm_al -500 – l_max 4 kV 2) PRQ-515 HBM; robustness versus GND for pins: VS, U12P, Un, Gn, TMPz, TMP_GND, IFH_x, IFL_x 500 V 3) PRQ-516 CDM; all pins (table continues...) 1 2 3 Positive and negative transients with a maximum duration of 100 ns allowed between ± 8 V; This should simulate ESD events; however, during normal and steady-state condition voltage on these pins must stay inside the maximum ratings specified. ESD robustness, HBM according to ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 (1.5 kΩ, 100 pF). ESD robustness, Charged Device Model JESD22-C101. Datasheet 11 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 3 General product characteristics Table 1 (continued) Absolute maximum ratings Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber V 3) PRQ-517 Min. Typ. Max. ESD robustness CDM 750 V VESD_Corner -750 – 750 CDM; corner pins _max Temperatures Junction temperature Tj_max -40 – 150 °C – PRQ-512 Storage temperature Tstg_max -55 – 150 °C – PRQ-513 Notes: 1. Stresses above the ones listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. 2. Integrated protection functions are designed to prevent IC destruction under fault conditions described in the datasheet. Fault conditions are considered as outside normal operating range. Protection functions are not designed for continuous repetitive operation. 3.2 Functional range Table 2 Functional range Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Supply voltage VS VVS_function 4.75 – 60 V – PRQ-518 Supply VU12P_functi 4.75 voltage U12P onal – 60 V – PRQ-519 Supply voltage VIO – 5.5 V – PRQ-520 al VVIO_functio 3 nal Cell sense VUn_function VUn-1 – input voltage al -x Un 3 VUn-1 V +7 1. 2. 1 ≤ n ≤ 12 x = -0.0016 × Tj + 0.54 PRQ-1358 ESD robustness, Charged Device Model JESD22-C101. Datasheet 12 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 3 General product characteristics 3.3 Thermal resistance Table 3 Thermal resistance VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Junction to case RthJC – 6 – K/W 4) PRQ-522 Junction to ambient RthJA – 30 – K/W 4)5) PRQ-523 4 5 Not subject to production test, specified by design. Specified RthJA value is according to JEDEC JESD51-5,-7 at natural convection on FR4 2s2p board; The product (chip and package) was simulated on a 76.2 × 114.3 × 1.5 mm board with 2 inner copper layers (2 × 70 µm Cu, 2 × 35 µm Cu). The thermal via array under the exposed pad consists of 16 vias with a diameter of 0.3 mm and a plating thickness of 25 µm. Datasheet 13 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 4 Monitoring of internal oscillators 4 Monitoring of internal oscillators The IC includes monitoring of two internal oscillators: 1. Main oscillator operating at fmain_osc 2. Sleep oscillator operating at fsleep_osc → in sleep mode only the sleep mode oscillator is active In normal mode both oscillators are active. The oscillators monitor each other for drift and stuck-at errors. As soon as the IC detects an error, it enters sleep mode. The oscillator error prevents reliable writing to any register and hence the IC does not set any error bit before entering sleep mode. 4.1 Electrical characteristics monitoring of internal oscillators Table 4 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Oscillator Main unit oscillator frequency fmain_osc 13.4 4 14 14.5 6 MHz – PRQ-564 Sleep unit oscillator frequency fsleep_osc 90 100 110 kHz – PRQ-565 Datasheet 14 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 5 Power Management Unit (PMU) 5 Power Management Unit (PMU) 5.1 Functional description The IC has an internal power supply unit connected to the pins VS, U12P and GND. It consumes energy from the monitored battery cells and generates the internal supply voltages for the IC as well as the output voltages VVDDC and VVREGOUT. Note: The output pins VDDC and VREGOUT require a capacitance to ground as stated in the Application information/External components. Note: No supply currents are drawn from Un pins. V_Bl+ RF RU12P RVS RF U12P U12 RF U11 Reg startup Reg 3V3 VS CU12P VREGOUT 3.3 V Analog If GPIOs are used CVS VIO 3.3 / 5V GPIO VDDC Reg Comm IF CVDDC Logic CVREGOUT GND V_Bl- Figure 3 Typical power supply configuration using the internal voltage regulator The IC has a sleep mode with reduced current consumption supplied via U12P and GND. The IC can be put into sleep mode by setting the sleep mode bit. The sleep mode features a reduced current consumption, IU12P_sleep, supplied via U12P and GND. To supply the communication interface, the device provides a regulated output voltage VVDDC on pin VDDC. If the voltage VVDDC falls below the undervoltage threshold VVDDC_th_UV for a longer time than tPS_ERR_deg, then the IC enters sleep mode. The power supply error sleep bit in the general diagnostics register indicate a fault, which can be read after waking the IC. The device provides a regulated output voltage VVREGOUT with an output current IVREGOUT on pin VREGOUT which can supply the GPIOs of the device or other loads. The multi purpose supply incorporates an overcurrent protection. If the current IVREGOUT exceeds IVREGOUT_th_OC for a longer time than tPS_ERR_deg, then it switches off the output voltage supply. The IC enters sleep mode after the deglitching time tPS_ERR_deg. The power supply error sleep bit in the general diagnostics register indicates a fault, which can be read after waking up the IC. Datasheet 15 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 5 Power Management Unit (PMU) The voltage at the VIO pin sets the logic levels and supplies the GPIOs. The pin can be connected directly to the VREGOUT pin or to another desired voltage level using an external regulator. If the voltage VVIO falls below the undervoltage threshold VVIO_th_UV_fall for a longer time than tPS_ERR_deg, then the IC sets the VIO undervoltage error bit in the general purpose input/output register. After VVIO has exceeded the VVIO_th_UV_rise threshold for longer than tPS_ERR_deg, the UV_VIO bit can be cleared with a write command. Note: If the GPIO.VIO_UV bit is 0, the GPIO functionality is enabled and wake-up via GPIO is possible. IVREGOUT deglitch (tPS_fault_deg) IVREGOUT_th_OC VVDDC deglitch (tPS_fault_deg) VVDDC_th_UV VVIO deglitch (tPS_fault_deg) VVIO_th_UV Figure 4 Set PS_ERR_SLEEP bit in GEN_DIAG register IC enters sleep mode Set VIO_UV bit in GPIO register Power supply monitoring The IC ensures wake-up and operation even if any single wire connected to a cell is open in case of failure (assumption: U12P and VS connected on PCB level). If an absolute maximum rating is violated due to an open wire, then performance degradation may occur. 5.2 Electrical characteristics power management unit (PMU) Table 5 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Internal regulators VREGOUT internal regulator output voltage VVREGOUT VDDC output VVDDC voltage 3.3 3.45 3.6 V – PRQ-544 2.42 2.5 2.63 V – PRQ-549 (table continues...) Datasheet 16 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 5 Power Management Unit (PMU) Table 5 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber mA 1. 2. Tj = 25°C Assumed cycle 100 ms period and 16-Bit mode (12 cells activated) • 5% cell Voltage Measurement • 40% NTC current source activated • 5% diagnostics (Temperature and RR) • 7% communication • 43% idle Current to charge-up external interface components not included (see IVS_comm_ext) PRQ-563 Typical value at Tj = 25°C -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 85°C; Round robin in sleep mode deactivated PRQ-553 Min. Typ. Max. Supply currents Current IVS_100ms_c 5.4 consumption yc_RT in 100 ms period - RT 5.6 5.8 3. U12P sleep IU12P_sleep mode current – 2.5 9.9 µA 1. 2. 3. U12P sleep IU12P_sleep_ – mode current RT - room temperature 2.5 3.5 µA Tj = 25°C PRQ-554 U12P idle current IU12P_idle – 2.5 10 µA IC in idle mode PRQ-556 VS sleep mode leakage current IVS_sleep -1 – 1 µA -40°C < Tj < 85°C PRQ-555 VS idle current IVS_idle – 4.9 6.5 mA IC in idle mode PRQ-557 – – 5 mA No load on VIO PRQ-1373 VREGOUT IVREGOUT current consumption multi purpose supply (table continues...) Datasheet 17 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 5 Power Management Unit (PMU) Table 5 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. VIO current IVIO_comm consumption during GPIO communicati on – – 5 mA No load on VREGOUT PRQ-558 VS current IVS_meas consumption during PCVM, SCVM and BVM measuremen t – 22.5 24 mA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PCVM of all 12 cells SCVM BVM VIO connected to VREGOUT Including idle consumption IVS_idle PRQ-559 VS current IVS_RR consumption during round robin scheme running – 9.0 11 mA 1. Average current consumption during round robin VIO connected to VREGOUT Including idle consumption IVS_idle NR_TEMP_SENSE ≥ 2, PART_CONFIG = 0xFFF, CVM_DEL = 0x01 PRQ-560 VS current IVS_comm consumption during communicati on – 2. 3. 4. VS current IVS_comm_is – consumption oU during iso UART communicati on including external interface components IVS_idl IVS_idl mA 6) e_typ + 0.9 + 1.2 e_max 1. 2. – IVS_co mA mm + 7.6 6) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PRQ-561 GPIO communication. Current to charge external interface components not included. PRQ-562 Cser = 1 nF BRiso_U = 2 Mbit/s Rser = 39 Ω CisoUART_F = 220 pF Valid for one iso UART interface in TX mode Protection and Detection VREGOUT overcurrent threshold IVREGOUT_th 31 40 60 mA Tested during idle mode PRQ-545 _OC (table continues...) 6 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 18 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 5 Power Management Unit (PMU) Table 5 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. VIO VVIO_th_UV_f 2.2 undervoltage all threshold falling – 2.76 V – PRQ-546 VIO VVIO_th_UV_r 2.24 undervoltage ise threshold rising – 2.9 V – PRQ-547 VIO VVIO_th_UV_ 40 undervoltage hys threshold hysteresis 100 160 mV – PRQ-548 VDDC VVDDC_th_U 2.15 undervoltage V threshold – 2.42 V – PRQ-550 VDDC VVDDC_th_U 80 undervoltage V_hys threshold hysteresis 100 140 mV – PRQ-551 Power supply tPS_ERR_deg 8 error detection deglitch time 15 24 µs 6) PRQ-552 6 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 19 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 6 Watchdog and wake-up function (WD) 6 Watchdog and wake-up function (WD) 6.1 Functional description The following events trigger a wake-up: 1. A wake-up pattern received via the iso UART or UART interfaces. The signal alternates with the frequency fWAKEUP. After nWAKE_det signal periods received by the IC, it performs a wake-up. The IC completes the wake-up process within twake. After that the IC forwards the same wake-up signal for nWAKEUP periods. The IC forwards a wake-up signal received via UART to the iso UART interface, a wake-up signal received via iso UART to the adjacent iso UART interface. 2. A round robin sleep timeout. 3. An EMM signal recognized as wake-up signal. The IC generates the wake-up pattern on: • IFL, if the IC received a valid wake-up pattern on interface IFH. - (1) indicates the source of wake-up, (2) indicates the propagation on IFL_x • IFH, if the IC received a valid wake-up pattern on interface IFL. - (3) indicates the source of wake-up, (4) indicates the propagation on IFH_x • IFL, if the IC received a valid wake-up pattern on interface GPIO1/UART_HS. - (5) indicates the source of wake-up, (6) indicates the propagation on IFL_x • IFH, if the IC received a valid wake-up pattern on interface GPIO0/UART_LS. - (7) indicates the source of wake-up, (8) indicates the propagation on IFH_x Datasheet 20 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 6 Watchdog and wake-up function (WD) Primary on Top RX (1) IFH_H IFH_L Sensing IC Sleep mode IFL_H Primary on Top (5) RX GPIO1/ UART_HS IFH_H Sensing IC RX IFL_L RX Sleep mode GPIO0/ UART_LS RX GPIO1/ UART_HS Sensing IC RX IFH_H IFH_L RX - TX Direction set IFL_H (2) TX Primary on Bottom (3) RX IFL_H IFL_L Sleep mode IFH_H RX GPIO1/ UART_HS RX RX IFL_L Figure 5 RX – TX Direction set IFH_H Sensing IC RX – RX Direction set IFH_H RX IFH_L TX - TX Direction set IFL_H TX (6) IFL_L IFH_H Sensing IC RX IFH_L Sleep mode IFH_L RX GPIO0/ UART_LS TX IFL_H RX IFL_L Primary on Bottom (7) Sensing IC IFL_H TX IFL_L GPIO0/ UART_LS Sensing IC RX IFH_L GPIO1/ UART_HS TX IFH_L (4) RX GPIO0/ UART_LS IFL_H RX IFL_L Sensing IC TX - TX Dircetion set IFH_H TX (8) IFH_L RX – RX Direction set IFL_H RX IFL_L Wake-up signal propagation The device configures the communication interface automatically after wake-up. The device configures the iso UART interface of the wake-up signal received as RX during idle mode (no communication) until the next wake-up. The device configures the other iso UART interface as TX in idle mode until the next wake-up. The IC has a 7-bit watchdog counter which is counting downwards. The watchdog counter must be serviced via an UART or iso UART command before it reaches 0. Otherwise the device enters sleep mode. The watchdog counter can be set to maximum tWD_max with a resolution of tWD_LSB, via the watchdog counter register. Note: After the IC wake-up, the watchdog counter is set to its maximum value tWD_max If a longer counter interval is needed, the IC can be put into an extended watchdog mode by setting the operation mode register. In this mode the maximum time until the watchdog counter expires is defined by tWD_EXT_max with a resolution of tWD_EXT_LSB. When the counter expires, the device enters sleep mode. The device provides a free-running 9-bit main counter which is counting upwards and can be checked via the communication interface reading the watchdog counter register. The maximum length is tCount_max with a resolution of tCount_LSB. The precisely timed reading of the main counter gives an indication of the main oscillator speed. If bitfield RR_CONFIG.RR_SYNC is set, then a WDOG_CNT write command resets the main counter. This prepares for a broadcast read of all main counters. After the device wakes up on a standard wake-up signal the device's node ID is set to 0 by default. In this state, the device does not forward any communication. A node ID other than 0 must be set in the address (ID) bits of configuration register before the watchdog timer expires. Only then the device forwards communication. Note: If an EMM signal is received, the device forwards it even though the device is not enumerated. Datasheet 21 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 6 Watchdog and wake-up function (WD) 6.2 Electrical characteristics watchdog and wake-up function (WD) Table 6 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber PRQ-572 Min. Typ. Max. Wake-up function WD wake-up signal frequency fWAKEUP 48 50 1040 kHz – WD device wake-up time tWAKE 200 370 500 µs 48 kHz wake-up frequency. PRQ-573 From the first falling edge of the input pattern to the first edge of the propagated wake-up sequence. WD wake-up - number of detected periods nWAKE_det 4 – 8 period – s PRQ-574 8 – 8 period – s PRQ-575 14.5 16 17.8 ms 7) PRQ-576 WD wake-up nWAKE propagation length in periods Watchdog counter WD interval step tWD_LSB WD maximum interval tWD_max WD interval step extended tWD_EXT_LSB 13.5 WD maximum interval extended tWD_EXT_ma 28.9 EXT_WD = 0 1.8 2.03 2.3 s 7) PRQ-578 EXT_WD = 0 15.0 7 17 31.9 35.5 min 7) PRQ-577 EXT_WD = 1 h 7) PRQ-579 EXT_WD = 1 x Main counter WD main counter interval step tCount_LSB 281 292. 57 305 µs 7) PRQ-580 (table continues...) 7 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 22 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 6 Watchdog and wake-up function (WD) Table 6 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber ms 7) PRQ-581 Min. Typ. Max. WD main counter maximum interval 7 tCount_max 144. 03 149. 8 156. 03 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 23 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 7 Measurement control (MC) 7 Measurement control (MC) 7.1 Functional description The various voltage measuring modules on the IC follow these rules: • All voltage measurements (PCVM, SCVM, BVM, BAVM, AVM) can be manually triggered by a communication command. • A triggered measurement sets a lock bit which inhibits a measurement triggered by a cyclical task. The device clears the lock bit after completion of the measurement. • BVM, PCVM and SCVM can be triggered simultaneously. • Bipolar auxiliary voltage measurement (BAVM), PCVM and SCVM can be triggered simultaneously. The IC provides two independent reference voltages which are used with the SD-ADC blocks. 1. PCVM uses reference A. 2. BVM, AVM, and SCVM use reference B. The resolution of the various voltage measurements is Vx_LSB and is defined by the LSB of the digital conversion. x=PCVM; SCVM; AVM; BVM The measurement time tVM of the PCVM, SCVM and BVM is configurable in the measurement control register. PCVM/SCVM uses the cell voltage measurement mode bits, while BVM uses the block/auxiliary bits. Table 7 Voltage measurement modes CVM_Mode/ BVM_Mode [2:0] PCVM/BVM resolution [bit] SCVM resolution [bit] tVM [ms] 111 14 11 tVM_LR 110 16 11 4.68 101 15 11 2.34 100 14 11 1.17 011 13 11 0.59 010 12 11 0.29 001 11 11 0.15 000 10 11 0.07 Note: The resolution of AVM is 10 bit. The resolution of SCVM is 11 bit. tvm of SCVM is adjusted to CVM_MODE configuration. Setting the start bit of a measurement in the measurement control register initiates a voltage measurement. The result of the measurement is the average of the cell voltage over the measurement time and is available in the RESULT register. The resolution of the measured value (in bit) can be configured using the measurement control register. On completion of a measurement the device clears the corresponding start bit. For manually triggered measurements (PCVM, SCVM, BVM), the result registers are set to 0 during measurement time tVM and measurement delay time tVM_DEL, except in long-running mode. In long-running mode, the result register is updated after the end of the measurement. The result registers of the voltage measurement keep the results irrespective of internal cyclic diagnostics checks. The configurable delay time tVM_del delays the start of the cell voltage, block voltage and bipolar auxiliary voltage measurements (PCVM, SCVM, BVM and BAVM) with a resolution of tVM_del_LSB. Datasheet 24 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 7 Measurement control (MC) The maximum delay time is defined by tVM_del_max. If the long-running mode is selected for PCVM and/or BVM by writing the corresponding bits in the measurement control register, the IC measures eight times in a row using the 14-bit measurement mode. If the long-running mode is selected for SCVM by writing the corresponding bits in the measurement control register, the IC performs eight times several 11-bit measurements while the measurement time tVM of a 14-bit measurement. After the long running measurements are finished the PCVM result register contains the average of all 14-bit measurements while the SCVM result register contains the average value of all 11-bit measurements. Each of those measurements starts automatically after the time trestart, for a total measurement time tVM_LR equals tVM_LR = 8 * trestart. The time trestart is defined by the configurable 6-bitfield of the operation mode register with a resolution of trestart_LSB within the range of trestart_range. PCVM / BVM 14-bit meas 14-bit meas trestart tVM_14-bit tVM_del 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 14-bit meas 8×trestart Measurement start command SCVM 11-bit 11-bit meas meas tVM_del 11-bit meas 11-bit 11-bit meas meas trestart 11-bit 11-bit meas meas 11-bit meas 11-bit meas 11-bit 11-bit meas meas 11-bit meas 11-bit 11-bit meas meas 11-bit meas 11-bit 11-bit meas meas 11-bit meas 11-bit 11-bit meas meas 11-bit meas 11-bit 11-bit meas meas 11-bit meas tVM_14-bit 8×trestart Measurement start command Figure 6 Voltage measurement long-running mode 7.2 Electrical characteristics measurement control (MC) Table 8 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. MC PCVM, fs_ADC BAVM, AVM and BVM ADC sampling frequency 13.4 4 14 14.5 6 MHz 8) PRQ-600 MC PCVM, SCVM, BAVM and BVM propagation delay within IC 0 – 10 µs 8) PRQ-592 tVM_prop Time between completion of a received measurement start command and the actual start of the measurement delay time tVM_del. (table continues...) 8 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 25 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 7 Measurement control (MC) Table 8 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Min. Typ. Max. Unit Note or condition PNumber MC PCVM, SCVM, BAVM and BVM start delay timer resolution tVM_del_LSB 35.1 36.6 38.1 μs 8) PRQ-593 MC PCVM, SCVM, BAVM and BVM start delay timer maximum interval tVM_del_max 1.09 1.13 1.18 ms 8) PRQ-594 s 8) PRQ-602 MC Voltage tVM measuremen t time – 2m / f – 1. 2. 3. s_ADC m bits: 10 ≤ m ≤ 16 Mode: CVM_MODE; BVM_MODE Except for long-running mode Long-running mode MC longtrestart_LSB running mode restart resolution – MC longtrestart_rang 1.17 running e restart range 104 – µs – PRQ-1297 – 7.7 ms – PRQ-1312 Full scale ranges MC PCVM, SCVM and comparator full-scale range FSRPCVM FSRSCVM FSRComp 0 – 5 V 8) PRQ-623 MC BVM fullscale range FSRBVM 4.75 – 60 V 8) PRQ-666 MC BAVM full- FSRBAVM scale range Measured at VU12P - VGND -2 – 2 V – PRQ-1387 (table continues...) 8 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 26 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 7 Measurement control (MC) Table 8 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. MC AVM and TMP fullscale range FSRAVM FSRTMP 0 – 2 V 8) PRQ-792 – FSRP – CVM/ 2m V 8) PRQ-599 Measurement resolution MC PCVM resolution VPCVM_LSB MC SCVM resolution VSCVM_LSB – FSRS – CVM / 211 V 8) PRQ-624 MC BVM resolution VBVM_LSB – FSRB – VM / 2m V 8) PRQ-667 MC BAVM resolution VBAVM_LSB FSRB – AVM/2 V MC AVM resolution VAVM_LSB FSRA – 1 VM/2 V 8 – m bits: 10 ≤ m ≤ 16 m bits: 10 ≤ m ≤ 16 PRQ-1388 m bits: 10 ≤ m ≤ 16 m – 8) 8) PRQ-682 0 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 27 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 8 Primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) 8 Primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) 8.1 Functional description The primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) unit of the IC can measure each cell voltage individually and simultaneously using the Un pins. The measured voltage is defined as VPCVM = (VUn+1 - VUn) (0 ≤ n ≤ 11) and is measured with the defined accuracy PCVMERR and a relative accuracy of PCVMERR_rel. The primary cell voltage measurement is initiated by setting the PCVM_START bitfield in the MEAS_CTRL register. The primary cell voltage is calculated using: VPCVM [V] = (FSRPCVM / 216) × RESULT[LSB16] The measurement is triggered by a host controller command synchronously for all cells connected to the IC. These conditions apply: • The maximum start measurement propagation delay is tVM_prop. • The maximum PCVM time deviation between channels within one IC is DevPCVM_IC. • The maximum PCVM time deviation across all ICs in a chain is DevPCVM_chain. • The start of the measurement is delayed by the configurable time tVM_del. • The maximum iso UART propagation delay is tisoU_prop_del. The number of activated cells can be configured in the PART_CONFIG register. With the register minimum value 0000H no cell is activated and with maximum value 0FFFH all 12 cells are activated. 8.2 Electrical characteristics primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) Table 9 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition µA 1. 2. 3. Min. Typ. Max. PNumber Cell sense inputs PCVM IUn_PCVM differential input current Un 18 25 32 4. Input leakage IUn_leak current Un -1.0 – 1.0 µA 1. 2. 3. During PCVM PRQ-590 VPCVM = 5 V This differential current flows into Un+1 and has the opposite direction on Un for the channels (0 ≤ n ≤ 12) The typical average value IUn_PCVM = VPCVM / 200 kΩ 0 ≤ n ≤ 12 In sleep mode and idle mode VUn ≤ 5.5 V PRQ-591 (table continues...) Datasheet 28 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 8 Primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) Table 9 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber % 9) PRQ-596 Min. Typ. Max. Synchronization timing Maximum PCVM time deviation between channels within IC DevPCVM_IC -0.5 Maximum PCVM time deviation across ICs DevPCVM_ch -4 – +0.5 Deviation between tVM. – 4 % 9) PRQ-597 0.9 mV 10) 11) PRQ-603 ain Primary cell voltage measurement PCVM relative accuracy initial - RT PCVMERR_i -0.9 PCVM relative accuracy PCVMERR_r -1 – Relative accuracy over all devices against each other within the given conditions: 1. 16-bit mode 2. (VUn+1 - VUn) = 4.3 V 3. Tj = 25°C 4. ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits nit el – 1 mV Relative accuracy over all devices against each other within the given conditions: 1. 16-bit mode 2. Δ(VUn+1 - VUn) = 600 mV within 2.5 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V 3. ΔTj = 10 K within -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 70°C 4. Over a period of t0 and t0+x (x ≤ 12 hours) 12) PRQ-1848 (table continues...) 9 10 11 12 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Initial accuracy verified by Infineon backend. With 12 cells attached and activated Test condition: The IC is pre assembled on a PCB. A PCVM is started at any time t0 within the device lifetime. The IC is in sleep mode between t0 and t0+x and RR_ERR_CNT.RR_SLEEP_CNT bitfield is 000H. Datasheet 29 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 8 Primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) Table 9 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber mV 13) 14)11) PRQ-605 Min. Typ. Max. PCVM PCVMERR_E -2.1 accuracy EoL OL_1 -1 – PCVM PCVMERR_E -2.5 accuracy EoL OL_2 -2 – PCVM PCVMERR_E -3.2 accuracy EoL OL_3 -3 – PCVM PCVMERR_E -3.7 accuracy EoL OL_4 -4 – 2.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 2.5 mV 13) 14)11) 1. 2. 3. 4. 3.2 mV mV PRQ-1360 16-bit mode 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 3.6 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 50°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and limits 13) 14)11) 1. 2. 3. 4. PRQ-606 16-bit mode 3.6 V < VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V Tj = 25°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits 13) 14)11) 1. 2. 3. 4. 3.7 16-bit mode 2.5 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 3.6 V Tj = 25°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits PRQ-1361 16-bit mode 3.6 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 50°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits (table continues...) 13 14 11 Lower resolution has additional quantization error e.g. additional PCVMERR_EOL ± 2 LSB[m]; m bits: 14 ≤ m ≤ 15 Please contact Infineon for more details for other ADC resolutions. End-of-Life (EoL) accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification With 12 cells attached and activated Datasheet 30 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 8 Primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) Table 9 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber mV 13) 14)11) PRQ-607 Min. Typ. Max. PCVM PCVMERR_E -4.1 accuracy EoL OL_5 -5 – PCVM PCVMERR_E -4.5 accuracy EoL OL_6 -6 – PCVM PCVMERR_E -4.5 accuracy EoL OL_7 -7 – PCVM PCVMERR_E -5.5 accuracy EoL OL_8 -8 – 4.1 1. 2. 3. 4. 4.5 mV 13) 14)11) 1. 2. 3. 4. 4.5 mV mV PRQ-609 16-bit mode 0.05 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 1 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits 13) 14)11) 1. 2. 3. 4. PRQ-608 16-bit mode 3.6 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits 13) 14)11) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.5 16-bit mode 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 3.6 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits PRQ-611 16-bit mode 4.3 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits (table continues...) 13 14 11 Lower resolution has additional quantization error e.g. additional PCVMERR_EOL ± 2 LSB[m]; m bits: 14 ≤ m ≤ 15 Please contact Infineon for more details for other ADC resolutions. End-of-Life (EoL) accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification With 12 cells attached and activated Datasheet 31 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 8 Primary cell voltage measurement (PCVM) Table 9 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber mV 13) 11) PRQ-1852 Min. Typ. Max. PCVM PCVMERR_E -3.9 accuracy EoL OL_9 -9 – PCVM PCVMERR_E -4.3 accuracy EoL OL_10 - 10 – PCVM PCVMERR_E -20 accuracy EoL OL_10bit - 10-bit – 13 11 14 3.9 1. 2. 3. 4. 4.3 mV 13) 14) 11) 1. 2. 3. 4. 20 mV 16-bit mode 1 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 3.6 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 70°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits 16-bit mode 3.6 V < (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 70°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits 14) 11) 1. 2. 3. 4. PRQ-1853 PRQ-612 10-bit mode 0.05 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits Lower resolution has additional quantization error e.g. additional PCVMERR_EOL ± 2 LSB[m]; m bits: 14 ≤ m ≤ 15 Please contact Infineon for more details for other ADC resolutions. With 12 cells attached and activated End-of-Life (EoL) accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification Datasheet 32 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 9 Secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) 9 Secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) 9.1 Functional description The device includes a secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) unit. The measured voltage VSCVM = (VGn VUn) (0 ≤ n ≤ 11) is measured with the accuracy SCVMERR_EOL and a resolution of VSCVM_LSB. The secondary cell voltage measurement is initiated by setting the SCVM_START bitfield in the MEAS_CTRL register. The secondary cell voltage is calculated using: VSCVM [V] = (FSRSCVM / 211) × RESULT[LSB11] The SCVM unit can measure the voltage of at least one cell simultaneously with the primary cell voltage measurement within tVM_prop. At least one cell must be enabled in the SCVM configuration register. The corresponding cells for SCVM must also be activated in the PART_CONFIG register. Note: A binary search algorithm follows the highest and the lowest cell voltage of all cells enabled in the SCVM_CONFIG register for each sample. Within the sampling time 1/fs_SCVM_ADC both voltages are sampled once. The SCVM averages all samples of the lowest and all samples of the highest voltage over the entire measurement time. A 2-bit update counter in each SCVM register, SCVM lowest cell voltage and SCVM highest cell voltage, indicates the availability of a new secondary cell voltage measurement. After the measurement time, the SCVM needs additional time tSCVM_ave to calculate the average results. After tSCVM_ave, the value of the highest voltage measured by the SCVM is stored in the SCVM highest cell voltage register. The lowest voltage is stored in SCVM lowest cell voltage register, respectively. Note: If a single cell is measured, then calculate the average of the two results registers to improve filtering. 9.2 Electrical characteristics secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) Table 10 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber μA 15) PRQ-621 Min. Typ. Max. Cell sensing inputs SCVM IGn_SCVM differential input current Gn – 7 10 Input leakage IGn_leak current Gn -1.0 – 1.0 DevSCVM_PC -0.5 – +0.5 1. 2. 3. Average during SCVM VSCVM = 5 V This differential current flows into Gn and has the opposite direction on Un for channels 0 ≤ n ≤ 11 µA 1. 2. 3. 0 ≤ n ≤ 11 In sleep mode and idle mode VGn ≤ 5.5 V % Within one IC, the maximum deviation PRQ-622 between SCVM (11-bit) time and PCVM (11bit) time. PRQ-642 Synchronization timing SCVM to PCVM time deviation VM (table continues...) 15 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 33 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 9 Secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) Table 10 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition Min. Typ. Max. SCVM data averaging time tSCVM_ave 286 298 311 µs PNumber PRQ-1390 Secondary cell voltage measurement fs_AD – C / 64 MHz 15) PRQ-625 SCVM SCVMERR_E -19 accuracy EoL OL_1 - limited range – mV 16) PRQ-626 SCVM SCVMERR_E -28 accuracy EoL OL_2 – SCVM ADC sampling frequency Maximum deviation between PCVM and SCVM fs_SCVM_ADC – Δ -25 19 1. 2. 3. 28 mV 16) 1. 2. 3. – 25 mV 2.7 V ≤ (VGn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.3 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 50°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits PRQ-627 1 V ≤ (VGn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximim limits 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V PRQ-1305 PRQ-629 PCVM_vs_SCV M Analog undervoltage and overvoltage comparators FSRC – omp / 210 V 15) Comparator COMPERR_1 -30 accuracy limited range – 30 mV 1. 2. 3. (VGn - VUn) = 3.6 V -40ºC ≤ Tj ≤ 25ºC ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits PRQ-1300 Comparator accuracy – 50 mV 1. 2. 1 V < (VGn - VUn) < 4.7 V -40°C < Tj < 150°C PRQ-630 Comparator resolution FSRVComp_ – LSB COMPERR_2 -50 (table continues...) 15 16 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. End-of-Life accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification Datasheet 34 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 9 Secondary cell voltage measurement (SCVM) Table 10 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber MHz 15) PRQ-632 µs 15) PRQ-635 Min. Typ. Max. Comparator sampling frequency fCOMP 1 – Comparator checking time tcomp – 210 / – fs_AD 15 – C Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 35 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 10 Block voltage measurement (BVM) 10 Block voltage measurement (BVM) 10.1 Functional description The IC can measure the sum total voltage of all the cells connected to the device using separate pins, called block voltage. The block voltage VBVM = (VU12P - VGND) is measured with the accuracy BVMERR_EOL and a configurable resolution of VBVM_LSB. The block voltage measurement is initiated by setting the BVM_START bitfield in the MEAS_CTRL register. The block voltage is calculated: VBVM [V] = (FSRBVM / 216) × RESULT_BVM [LSB16] 10.2 Electrical characteristics block voltage measurement (BVM) Table 11 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber µA 17) PRQ-664 Min. Typ. Max. Cell sense inputs BVM input IU12P_BVM current U12P – 280 400 During BVM Block voltage measurement Maximum DevBVM_PCV -0.5 BVM to PCVM M_IC time deviation within IC – Maximum BVM time deviation across ICs – DevBVM_cha -4 +0.5 % PRQ-670 Deviation between BVM tVM and PCVM tVM with the same resolution setting. 4 % 17) PRQ-671 Deviation between BVM tVM over all ICs with the same resolution setting. in BVM BVMERR_EO -63 accuracy EoL L_1 -1 17) – 63 mV 18) 1. 2. 3. 4. PRQ-1850 14-bit to 16-bit mode 4.75 V ≤ VBVM ≤ 51.6 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 70°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits (table continues...) 17 18 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. End-of-Life accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification Datasheet 36 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 10 Block voltage measurement (BVM) Table 11 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber mV 18) PRQ-672 Min. Typ. Max. BVM BVMERR_EO -70 accuracy EoL L_2 -2 – 70 1. 2. 3. 4. BVM BVMERR_10 -250 – accuracy EoL Bit - 10 Bit 110 BVM versus BVMERR_vs_ BVME – sum of PCVM PCVM RR_EO relative L_2_m accuracy EoL in + 1 2× PCV MERR BVME mV 18 17 PRQ-673 10-bit mode 4.75 V ≤ VBVM ≤ 60 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits 14-bit to 16-bit mode PRQ-676 1. 2. 3. 4. PRQ-1851 RR_EO L_2_m ax + 1 2× PCV MERR _EOL_ 6_min 6_max – 17) 18) 1. 2. 3. 4. _EOL_ Relative ADC ERRPCVM_B -78 error margin VM_10bit - sum of PCVM versus BVM EoL mV 14-bit to 16-bit mode 4.75 V ≤ VBVM ≤ 60 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits 78 mV 10-bit mode -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C 1 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 4.8 V Plausibility check as part of the round robin scheme End-of-Life accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 37 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 11 Auxiliary voltage measurement (AVM) 11 Auxiliary voltage measurement (AVM) 11.1 Functional description The IC also provides the possibility to measure other voltages, called auxiliary voltage measurement. The auxiliary voltage VAVMz = (VTMPz - VTMP_GND ), (0 ≤ z ≤ 4) is measured with the accuracy AVMERR_EOL and a resolution of VAVM_LSB. The auxiliary voltage measurement is initiated by setting the AVM_START bitfield in the MEAS_CTRL register. The auxiliary voltage is calculated using: VAVMz [V] = (FSRAVM / 210) × RESULT [LSB10] Additional to the unipolar AVM the device can be configured to measure a bipolar voltage applied on the TMP3 and TMP4 pins instead. The voltage VBAVM = (VTMP4- VTMP3) is measured with the accuracy BAVMERR_EOL and a configurable resolution of VBAVM_LSB. The BAVM measurement is enabled by setting the AVM_CONFIG.AUX_BIPOLAR bitfield, the resolution is set by the MEAS_CTRL.BVM_MODE and the measurement is triggered by the MEAS_CTRL.BVM_START bit. The BAVM measurement result is stored in the BVM result register. The bipolar voltage is calculated using: VBAVM = (BVM.RESULT[signed LSB15] × 2 V) / 215[LSB15] Note: Either BVM or BAVM can be performed synchronized to the PCVM/SCVM. All external temperature measurement channels can be selected to be measured by the AVM function: To measure an auxiliary voltage using a TMP channel, the temperature measurement function must be disabled in the temperature measurement configuration register. Since only one auxiliary voltage can be measured at a time, the configured auxiliary channels are measured sequentially. 11.2 Electrical characteristics auxiliary voltage measurement (AVM) Table 12 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber mV 19) PRQ-684 Min. Typ. Max. AVM accuracy AVMERR_EO -10 EoL L – BAVM BAVMERR_E -5 accuracy EoL OL – 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 mV 10-bit mode 0.1 V ≤ VAVMy ≤ 1.95 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits 19) 1. 2. 3. 4. PRQ-1389 14-bit to 16-bit mode -2 V ≤ VTMP3/4 ≤ 2 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C ±3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits (table continues...) 19 End-of-Life accuracy; according to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 Rev. H automotive qualification Datasheet 38 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 11 Auxiliary voltage measurement (AVM) Table 12 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber 1. 2. 3. 4. PRQ-1829 Min. Typ. Max. BAVM BAVMERR_E BAV – accuracy EoL OL_LR MERR - long_EOL running - 13 mode Datasheet BAV mV MERR _EOL + 13 39 Long-running mode -2 V ≤ VTMP3/4 ≤ 2 V -40°C ≤ Tj ≤ 150°C +/- 3 sigma distribution within absolute minimum and maximum limits Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 12 Temperature measurement unit (TMP) 12 Temperature measurement unit (TMP) 12.1 Functional description The temperature measurement unit provides the possibility to measure up to five external temperature NTCs as well as two internal temperature sensors and provides the results in the corresponding temperature registers. A valid bit, which is cleared after readout, indicates a new measurement result in both cases. The NTCs are measured with an accuracy of NTCERR whilst the internal sensor accuracy is defined by TERR_int_abs. Device VDDA VDDA I0: ITMPz_0 I0 I1 I2 I3 I1: ITMPz_1 I0 I1 I2 I3 I2: ITMPz_2 2 3 ITMP 0/2/4 I3: ITMPz_3 1 2 0 Automatic source selection to maximize ADC resolution ITMPz_x + 1 if RESULT > THSrc_overflow ITMPz_x if RESULT < THSrc_underflow ITMPz_x → ITMPz_x - 1 3 ITMP 1/3 1 0 TMP0 TMP1 TMP0 TMP4 TMP2 TMP3 TMP4 NTC0 NTC4 RDIAG RDIAG RTMPz RDIAG_320 0 CTMPz 1 EXT_TEMP_1.RESULT 13th SD-ADC 3 EXT_TEMP_2.RESULT 4 Optional filter EXT_TEMP_0.RESULT RDIAG_5 2 5 EXT_TEMP_3.RESULT EXT_TEMP_4.RESULT RPD_on 4 RPD_on 0 EXT_TEMP_R_DIAG.RESULT Optionally set via TEMP_MUX_DIAG_SEL bitfield Figure 7 External temperature measurement If not all provided measurement channels are needed, unused channels must be deactivated in the temperature configuration register. Note: The TMP channels must be connected in consecutive order starting with TMP0. Deactivated channels can be used as AVM inputs. The internal temperature measurement as well as the measurement of the selected NTC channels are triggered via the internal round robin. Within three round robin cycles all NTCs are updated. Note: The first round robin after wake-up does not measure any NTC. Datasheet 40 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 12 Temperature measurement unit (TMP) NR_TEMP_SENSE = 100B NR_EXT_TEMP_START = 000B Round Robin tRR e.g. 50ms tsettle TMP0/1 tsettle TMP2/3 tRR e.g. 50ms tsettle TMP1/0 tRR e.g. 50ms tsettle TMP3/2 Alternating channel measurement order within round robin. Always first measured channel used for further diagnosis checks (pull-down & RDIAG) Figure 8 TMP triggering To measure an external NTC, the device provides four selectable internal current sources ITMPz_i (0 ≤ z ≤ 4, 0 ≤ i ≤ 3). The device automatically identifies which one of the four sources is the best one to use in the next round robin for each NTC channel individually by using the overflow and underflow thresholds THSrc_overflow and THSrc_underflow. Current source ITMPz_1 is selected first. If, for example, an overflow is detected, the next lower source is selected. A valid result is available (or NTC short/open is detected) after maximum three round robin cycles per activated NTC channel. Note: The source is activated prior to the measurement. The time is defined by tsettle. For every TMP channel, a result register is available. The results register contains the following information: • The result of the measurement. • The used current source. • The valid bit is set to indicate a new measurement. Reading the result clears the valid bit. • Whether the pull-down of this channel was activated. • Whether a pull-down error occurred. The NTC resistor value is calculated by using the voltage measurement result and the selected current source. RNTC [Ω] = EXT_TEMP_z.RESULT [LSB10] × FSRTMP [V] × 4EXT_TEMP_z.INTC ) / (210 × 320 µA) - RTMP; INTC = 0 to 3 (used current source). To check if the temperature measurement unit works correctly the IC performs internal diagnostics checks as part of the round robin: 1. It measures an internal diagnostics resistor RDIAG_x with the current source ITMPz_x (0 ≤ x ≤ 4, 0 ≤ z ≤ 4) used for TMPz. 2. It activates the pull down switch of the selected TMP channel after the measurement and it measures the channel again. The measured value is then compared with the expected value RPD_ON. An open wire or increased resistance value can be detected and is indicated by setting the GEN_DIAG.EXT_T_ERR (external temperature error). Note: Only one TMP channel is checked per RR cycle (channel that was measured first during RR). The pull down resistor can be activated by setting the corresponding bits in the auxiliary voltage measurement configuration register The device checks whether an overtemperature condition at the NTC exists by comparing the voltage measurement result against the external overtemperature threshold. Datasheet 41 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 12 Temperature measurement unit (TMP) The 10-bit overtemperature threshold is configurable with a resolution of VTMP_LSB using the external overtemperature threshold bits of the temperature measurement configuration register TEMP_CONF.EXT_OT_THR. Note: In order to ensure the detection of an external overtemperature, the overtemperature threshold must be defined within the range of 250 to 800 (LSB10). The device additionally checks if an overtemperature condition on at least one of the internal temperature sensors exists by comparing the measurement result against internal overtemperature threshold which is valid for both sensors. The 10-bit overtemperature threshold is configurable with a resolution of Tint_LSB using the internal overtemperature threshold bits of the internal temperature measurement configuration register INT_OT_WARN_CONF.INT_OT_THR (recommended value: Tj = 150°C). If the overtemperature threshold is reached, the device disables the balancing function and sets the internal overtemperature warning flag. The junction temperature Tj can be calculated using the formula: Temperature [°C] = -Tint_LSB × INT_TEMP_x.RESULT + 547.3, (1 ≤ x ≤ 2) 12.2 Electrical characteristics temperature measurement (TMP) Table 13 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Internal temperature sensor TMP internal Tint_LSB temperature resolution – TMP internal TERR_int_abs -10 temperature accuracy EoL absolute 0.66 24 – K 20) PRQ-787 – 10 °C – PRQ-788 FSRT – MP/2 V – PRQ-1303 External temperature sensors TMP VTMP_LSB measuremen t resolution – TMP TMPERR_1 measuremen t accuracy - 1 -2 – 2 % Accuracy of measured NTC resistance value in the range of 1.22 kΩ to 390 kΩ PRQ-789 TMP TMPERR_2 measuremen t accuracy - 2 -4.2 – 4.2 % Accuracy of measured NTC resistance value in the range of 610 Ω to 1.22 kΩ PRQ-790 TMP TMPERR_3 measuremen t accuracy - 3 -6.2 – 6.2 % Accuracy of measured NTC resistance value in the range of 400 Ω to 610 Ω PRQ-791 10 (table continues...) 20 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 42 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 12 Temperature measurement unit (TMP) Table 13 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition Ω PNumber – PRQ-797 1000 – LSB10 20) PRQ-803 200 – LSB10 20) PRQ-804 40 41.8 ms + tvm 20) PRQ-777 Min. Typ. Max. TMP pulldown switch on-state resistance RPD_on TMP source selection overflow threshold THsrc_overfl – TMP source selection underflow threshold THsrc_underf – TMP current source activation before RR starts – – 400 ow low tsettle 38.4 tRR > tsettle TMP ITMPz_3 measuremen t current source 3 4.5 5 5.5 μA 1. 2. 0≤z≤4 Within FSRTMP PRQ-868 TMP ITMPz_2 measuremen t current source 2 19.0 20 21.1 μA 1. 2. 0≤z≤4 Within FSRTMP PRQ-869 TMP ITMPz_1 measuremen t current source 1 75.9 80 84.1 μA 1. 2. 0≤z≤4 Within FSRTMP PRQ-870 TMP ITMPz_0 measuremen t current source 0 304. 0 320 336. 0 μA 1. 2. 0≤z≤4 Within FSRTMP PRQ-871 TMP internal RDIAG_320 diagnostics resistor source 0_320uA 3.82 5 5.1 6.37 5 kΩ – PRQ-799 (table continues...) 20 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 43 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 12 Temperature measurement unit (TMP) Table 13 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. TMP internal RDIAG_80 diagnostics resistor source 1_80uA 8.4 11.2 14 kΩ – PRQ-800 TMP internal RDIAG_20 diagnostics resistor source 2_20uA 19.8 75 26.5 33.1 25 kΩ – PRQ-801 TMP internal RDIAG_5 diagnostics resistor source 3_5uA 46.5 62 77.5 kΩ – PRQ-802 Datasheet 44 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 13 Cell balancing (CB) 13 Cell balancing (CB) 13.1 Functional description The IC supports balancing of each cell in the cell stack individually in any combination including all channels in parallel with a balancing current per cell of IBAL. Overview of balancing current for one cell: RF U12P U12 RF G11 Vcell11 RBAL CF CFB U11 RF U3 RF Vcell2 IBAL G2 RBAL CF CFB U2 RF RF × IBAL G1 Vcell1 RBAL CF CFB U1 RF G0 Vcell0 RBAL CF CFB U0 RF Figure 9 GND Passive balancing To activate cell balancing, the respective bit in the balancing settings register can bet set for each cell individually. If the PBOFF bit in the measurement control register is set, then the IC pauses balancing automatically. The balancing is paused for the duration of a PCVM/SCVM/BVM measurement (tVM + tVM_del) so that the cell voltage measurement is not corrupted by any ongoing balancing. MEAS_CTRL.PBOFF ="1" MEAS_CTRL.CVM_DEL = "1" Balancing PAUSED Balancing ON Balancing ON tVM_del VUn-VUn-1 VCELL VCELL- IBAL × RF Voltage Measurement tVM Commands from host controller Figure 10 Datasheet Start Balancing Command Start Cell voltage Measurement Command Balancing and cell voltage measurement 45 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 13 Cell balancing (CB) The IC can balance each cell for an individual period of time, without necessary periodic WDOG communication. The individual time tBAL is compared to the balancing counter. tBAL is defined by tBAL_OFFn_LSB with a maximum interval defined by tBAL_OFFn_max. The balancing of each cell is active until the balancing counter reaches the cell individual threshold. If the extended watchdog function is enabled and a write command to the communication watchdog register is performed, then the balancing timer counter starts. The device deactivates time goal balancing as soon as the counter reaches the individual threshold tBAL. The IC supports a PWM balancing function with the period of tRR and a PWM step size of tBAL_PWM_LSB. The function can be configured via the communication interfaces by the host controller. If balancing for one or more cells is activated, then the device activates the balancing switch during the on-time of the PWM and deactivates it during the off-time of the PWM. Other functions such as the voltage measurement and round robin task can overrule the PWM balancing function. MEAS_CTRL.PBOFF ="1" MEAS_CTRL.CVM_DEL = "1" balancing balancing “on” “off” balancing “on” balancing “off” balancing “on” balancing “off” x × tBAL_PWM_LSB x × tBAL_PWM_LSB tVM_del VUn-VUn-1 VCELL VCELL- IBAL × RF RR Commands from host controller tRR Voltage Measurement tRR Set duty cycle and start balancing Figure 11 tVM RR tRR Start Cell voltage Measurement Command PWM balancing function Balancing is available in PCVM/SCVM long-running mode. If the PBOFF bit is set, then the device pauses cell balancing during the delay time of the measurement and during the measurement itself. Note: Only if tvm_del + tvm_14bit < trestart. In addition to the internal passive balancing function, the IC also supports the use of an external passive balancing device. It is recommended to connect a PMOS logic level type device to the corresponding Gn pin as an external balancing device. Datasheet 46 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 13 Cell balancing (CB) Cell Supervision Circuit PCB CU12P RU12P RF GND U12p Sensing IC CEMC U12 RF CELL #11 ROC/UC CELL #10 CF RB U10 RF Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #11 Ref. A G10 CFB ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #10 ROC/UC in case of balancing diagnosis needed ROC/UC U2 RF CF RB CEMC G1 CFB ROC/UC CELL #0 U11 RF ROC/UC RBAL CELL #1 G11 CFB RBAL CEMC CEMC CF RB CEMC RBAL U1 RF CF RB CEMC RBAL U0 RF ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #1 Ref. A G0 CFB ROC/UC Ref. A ΔΣ ADC 16bit Chan. #0 CEMC GND Figure 12 External balancing device The IC supports overcurrent and undercurrent diagnostics for the external balancing device, using an additional resistor ROC/UC. Note: For the calculation of the overcurrent and undercurrent thresholds the voltage drop IBAL × ROC/UC is used. Datasheet 47 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 13 Cell balancing (CB) 13.2 Electrical characteristics cell balancing (CB) Table 14 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Min. Typ. Max. Unit Note or condition PNumber CB balancing RBAL_on_1 switch onstate resistance - 1 1.5 2.6 5.0 Ω 1. 2. 1.5 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 5 V IBAL ≤ 150 mA PRQ-643 CB balancing RBAL_on_2 switch onstate resistance - 2 1.6 2.8 5.6 Ω 1. 2. 1.5 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 5 V 150 mA < IBAL ≤ 200 mA PRQ-1849 CB balancing IBAL current – – 200 mA 1.5 V ≤ (VUn+1 - VUn) ≤ 5 V PRQ-645 CB Individual tBAL_OFFn_L 7.24 balancing SB time interval step 7.54 7.85 min 1. 2. 1 ≤ n ≤ 12 EXT_WD = 1 PRQ-647 CB Individual tBAL_OFFn_ balancing max timer maximum interval 3.9 4.06 h 1. 2. 3. 1 ≤ n ≤ 12 EXT_WD = 1, no WDOG timeout 5-bit counter PRQ-648 tRR / 8 – ms 21) Passive balancing timer 3.74 PWM balancing CB balancing tBAL_PWM_L – PWM step SB size 21 PRQ-1363 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 48 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 14 Cell diagnostics (CD) 14 Cell diagnostics (CD) 14.1 Functional description The IC provides automatic open wire and open load detection for each wire connected to a cell. The device performs the detection by a voltage measurement while sinking the current IOL_DIAG into the balancing pin during a round robin cycle. It checks the odd channels in the first cycle and the even channels in the subsequent cycle. If the delta voltage ((VUn+1 - VUn) before OL compared to (VUn+1 - VUn) during OL) is not between the minimum and maximum open load threshold, then a failure is detected. The open wire and open loaddetection threshold can be configured with a resolution of OLthr_LSB until the maximum threshold of OLthr_max is reached using the cell voltage thresholds register. Un+1 RF IOL_DIAG Vcelln RBAL CF CFB Gn BAL_ON OL_DIAG Un RF Diagnostics VOL_THR Balancing Broken wire Figure 13 Open wire and open load diagnostics detection schematic If the device detects an open wire or open load, then it indicates it in the corresponding bitfield of the diagnostics open load register as well as in the open load error bit of the general diagnostic register. Even channels tVM_del UY-UY-1 IOL_diag × RF tVM_del Odd channels tVM_del tVM IOL_diag × RF OL_THR_MIN OL_THR_MAX VCELL Block (BVM) Cells (PCVM 10Bit) tVM_del + tVM Datasheet OL_THR _MIN OL_THR _MAX VCELL UX-UX-1 Figure 14 tVM Odd PCVM (10Bit) Odd Cells OL diag Even PCVM (10Bit) Even Cells OL diag tVM_del + tVM tVM_del + tVM Open wire and open load diagnostics detection process 49 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 14 Cell diagnostics (CD) For OL_THR_MIN=0, no OL error is detected if the cell voltage is not decreased during activated OL current. For OL_THR_MAX=0, no OL error is detected if the cell voltage is decreased more than the value in the OL_THR_MAX register. As part of the round robin the device performs a balancing overcurrent and an undercurrent check for each cell for which the balancing function is active. The overcurrent threshold OCthr and the undercurrent threshold UCthr is configurable with a resolution of CDthr_LSB until the maximum threshold of OCthr_max or UCthr_max respectively is reached using the balancing current threshold register. If the device detects an balancing overcurrent or balancing undercurrent error, then it deactivates balancing. It reports error details in the BAL_DIAG_OC/BAL_DIAG_UC result register and summarized in the GEN_DIAG.BAL_ERR_OC/BAL_ERR_UC bitfields. By setting the configuration bit OP_MODE.I_DIAG_EN, the device discharges all configured channels with the diagnostics current IOL_DIAG regardless of the BAL_SETTINGS register and independent of round robin. 14.2 Electrical characteristics cell diagnostics (CD) Table 15 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Open load CD sink current for open load detection IOL_DIAG 10 15 18.3 mA 0.75 V < (VGn - VUn) < 5 V PRQ-650 CD open load OLthr_LSB threshold resolution – 19.5 – mV 22) PRQ-652 CD open load OLthr_max threshold maximum value – 1.23 – V 22) PRQ-651 Overcurrent & undercurrent CD balancing CDthr_LSB overcurrent or undercurrent error threshold resolution – 19.5 – mV 22) PRQ-655 CD maximum OCthr_max balancing overcurrent error threshold – 4.98 – V 22) PRQ-653 1. 2. OC_thr = overcurrent threshold IOC_thr = OC_THR [V] / RF (table continues...) 22 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 50 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 14 Cell diagnostics (CD) Table 15 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber V 22) PRQ-654 Min. Typ. Max. CD maximum UCthr_max balancing undercurrent error threshold – CD balancing tBAL_OC_DET – overcurrent detection time 22 4.98 – 1. 2. – tRR_ max ms UC_thr = undercurrent threshold IUC_thr = UC_THR [V] / RF 22) PRQ-646 Equivalent to maximum round robin cycle time if the error counter is disabled (which is the default value, M_NR_ERR_BAL_OC = 1) Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 51 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 15 General-purpose input/output (GPIO/PWM) 15 General-purpose input/output (GPIO/PWM) 15.1 Functional description The device provides individual GPIOq/PWMp (0 ≤ q ≤ 1, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1) pins which can be used for digital input or digital output. After receiving a wake-up signal via iso UART, GPIOq can be used as GPIOs. A wake-up signal via UART sets the GPIOq pins to act as interface pins. PWMp can be used as GPIO or be configured to act as PWM unit. PWMp can be configured to act as PWM outputs using the GPIO register. The period TPWM and the duty cycle DPWM can be configured with their respective resolution TPWM_LSB and DPWM_LSB. 15.2 Electrical characteristics general-purpose input/output (GPIO/PWM) Table 16 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. GPIO/PWM period resolution TPWM_LSB – 2 – µs Bitfield with 5 bits. PRQ-1338 GPIO/PWM duty cycle resolution DPWM_LSB – 3.57 – % 1. 2. Bitfield with 5 bits. 100% DC = 11100B PRQ-1339 GPIO/PWM input "low" level VGPIOq_low VPWMp_low 0 – VVIO V × 0.3 1. 2. 0≤q≤1 0≤p≤1 PRQ-1393 GPIO/PWM input "high" level VGPIOq_high VVIO – VPWMp_high × 0.7 VVIO V 1. 2. 0≤q≤1 0≤p≤1 PRQ-825 – 0.45 V 1. 2. 3. IGPIO ≤ 5 mA 0≤q≤1 0≤p≤1 PRQ-826 GPIO/PWM output high level VGPIOq_high VVIO - – VPWMp_high 0.45 VVIO V 1. 2. 3. IGPIO ≥ -5 mA 0≤q≤1 0≤p≤1 PRQ-827 GPIO/PWM output current IGPIOq IPWMp 5 mA 1. Current capability of GPIO/PWM output 0≤q≤1 0≤p≤1 PRQ-829 GPIO/PWM VGPIOq_low output "low" VPWMp_low level 0 -5 – 2. 3. (table continues...) Datasheet 52 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 15 General-purpose input/output (GPIO/PWM) Table 16 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber pF 23) PRQ-830 Min. Typ. Max. External capacitance on GPIOq/ PWMp 23 CGPIOq CPWMp – – 30 1. 2. 0≤q≤1 0≤p≤1 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 53 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 16 Communication 16 Communication 16.1 Functional description The device supports the following communication interfaces. 1. UART 2. iso UART iso UART communications allows to stack multiple devices. The device can be used in different configurations: • Direct connection via UART, for low voltage applications • Primary on bottom (PoB) communication with EMM function • Primary on top (PoT) communication with EMM function • Ring communication with EMM function Normal Communication: PoB HV+ Normal Communication: PoT Host Controller Sensing IC microcontroller CSC UART Normal Communication: RING mode Transceiver IC (Comm.) IFL IFL HV+ IFH IFH Sensing IC transformer HV+ Sensing IC IFH CSC CSC IFL Sensing IC IFL CSC IFH IFL CSC Battery Stack transformer Sensing IC CSC IFL Host Controller Sensing IC IFL IFL CSC IFH IFL IFH Sensing IC IFH microcontroller Sensing IC UART Transceiver IC (Comm.) Sensing IC CSC Battery Stack IFH Battery Stack IFH CSC Sensing IC IFL CSC IFL IFH IFH IFL IFH Sensing IC transformer Sensing IC CSC IFH CSC IFL Sensing IC IFL HVtransformer CSC IFH IFL Sensing IC CSC Host Controller IFH IFH microcontroller Figure 15 UART HV- Sensing IC CSC Transceiver IC (Comm.) HV- Communication configurations The IC communication direction is determined during a wake-up cycle. The device configures the iso UART interface or the UART interface, which receives the wake-up pattern, as RX. The device configures the other interface as TX. To change the direction and consequently the pins, the device must be put to sleep and woken up again. There is a reply delay treply_delay, which determines the time between the last stop bit of the read/write command (incoming command from the primary) and the first falling edge of the reply frame from the secondary. The device forwards a received message to the next device in the system. The time between receiving and forwarding the message depends upon the receiving interface: • Receiving on UART and forwarding on iso UART: tUART_isoU_del • Receiving on iso UART and forwarding on iso UART: tisoU_prop_del • Receiving on iso UART and forwarding on UART: tUART_isoU_del Datasheet 54 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 16 Communication Assuming 4 secondaries with PoB configuration, communication with BMS_IC_#3 microcontroller READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) UART IFL REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) UART Transceiver IFH READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) IFL Ring Mode (dotted lines) BMS_IC_#1 IFH REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) IFL BMS_IC_#2 IFH REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) IFL BMS_IC_#3 IFH READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) IFL BMS_IC_#4 IFH READ request for IC_#3 (40bits) REPLY IC_#3 (50Bits) treply_delay Pass through delay tisoUART_prop_del Figure 16 Pass through delay tisoUART_prop_del Communication propagation delays iso UART waveform specification Overdrive current 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 iod in A Pulse correctly detected 0.005 0.004 0.003 Pulse not detected 0.002 0.001 1.00E-08 2.00E-08 3.00E-08 4.00E-08 5.00E-08 6.00E-08 7.00E-08 8.00E-08 9.00E-08 1.00E-07 tpulse in s Figure 17 Datasheet iso UART waveform specification 55 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 16 Communication 16.1.1 Register write modes There are the following approaches for writing content into the device: • Direct write: Writes a single register in a single device. • Broadcast write: Writes a single register in all devices in the same stack with one write command. With broadcast write, each device of the chain first writes data. On successful write it switches its RX and TX units to allow the reply frame to be transferred. The last device in the chain (final node) initiates the reply frame and the device switch their RX and TX units back to their initial state. 16.1.2 Communication frames UART and iso UART communication consists of sending or retrieving sets of frames. A frame consists of 8 bits preceded by a start bit and followed by a stop bit. The following frames are available: • Synchronization frame • ID frame • Address frame • Data frames • CRC frame • Reply frame Note: Frames start with the most significant bit (MSB). Synchronization frame The communication is always initiated by sending a fixed synchronization frame. Sync frame 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 MSB Start Bit Figure 18 Stop Bit Synchronization frame ID frame The ID frame defines, which device receives the message. It also determines the type of command. ID frame ID[5:0] 0 x 0 x x x x x x 1 W/R Start Bit MSB Figure 19 ID frame Table 17 Bit assignment ID frame Stop Bit ID frame bits Function W/R[7] 1: Write command 0: Read command ID[5:0] 000000: Default x: ID 111111: Broadcast command Datasheet 56 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 16 Communication Note: The ID 00H is only available after reset, before enumeration. The ID 3FH is exclusively used for broadcast commands. Address frame The address frame determines which register is affected by the read or write command. Address frame Addr[7:0] 0 x x x x x x x x 1 Start Bit Figure 20 MSB Stop Bit Address frame Data frame The data frame contains the sent or retrieved data. Data frame #2 Data[15:8] 0 x x x x x x x x 1 MSB Start Bit Figure 21 Data frame #1 Data[7:0] 0 x x x x x x x x 1 Stop Bit Data frames CRC frame For read and write commands, an 8-bit CRC protection conforming to SAE J1850 for the entire message including the synchronization frame is calculated and appended to the frames. 8-bit polynomial: G(z) = z8 + z4 + z3 + z2 + 1 (initial value = FFH; XOR value = FFH) CRC frame CRC[7:0] 0 x x x x x x x x 1 Start Bit Figure 22 MSB Stop Bit CRC frame Note: If the device encounters an invalid CRC, it neither accepts the message nor replies to it. Reply frame The device acknowledges a received write command with a reply frame. In case of a broadcast write command only the last device in the chain generates the reply frame. Reply frame Res Status CRC 0 x x x x x x x x 1 Start Bit Figure 23 MSB Stop Bit Reply frame The message reply frame is protected by a 3-bit CRC calculated as: G(z) = z3 + z +1. Datasheet 57 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 16 Communication Table 18 Bit assignment reply frame Reply-Frame Function bit[7:6] Res [1:0] Reserved bit[5] Status [2] 0: Write command successfully transmitted 1: CRC checked register error bit[4] Status [1] 0: Register address for write command valid 1: Register address for write command invalid bit[3] Status [0] 0: No fault in general diagnostics register 1: Fault in general diagnostics register bit[2:0] CRC [2:0] 3-bit reply CRC 16.1.3 Register read modes There are the following approaches for reading content from the device: • Direct read: Read a single register from a single IC. • Broadcast read: Read a single register from all ICs in the same stack with one read command. • Multi read: Read multiple registers from a single IC. The read command for multiple registers is configurable in the multi read register MULTI_READ_CFG and can read the following measurement results with one read command of the MULTI_READ register: - PCVM - BVM - SCVM - External temperature measurement - Internal temperature measurement - RDIAG measurement 16.2 Electrical characteristics communication Table 19 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Propagation delay from UART to iso UART PRQ-828 Min. Typ. Max. GPIO/PWM physical layer UART to iso UART propagation delay tUART_isoU_ – 25 70 ns 2 2.1 Mbit/s – del GPIO bit rate BRGPIO 0.97 PRQ-831 (table continues...) Datasheet 58 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 16 Communication Table 19 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. iso UART physical layer iso UART current threshold "high" IisoU_th_high 2.25 4.5 6.5 mA (IIFx_H - IIFx_L) / 2 IIFx_H: Current in the iso UART high pin IIFx_L: Current in the iso UART low pin PRQ-832 iso UART current threshold "low" IisoU_th_low -6.5 -4.5 -2.25 mA (IIFx_H - IIFx_L) / 2 IIFx_H: Current in the iso UART high pin IIFx_L: Current in the iso UART low pin PRQ-833 iso UART propagation delay tisoU_prop_d – 25 70 24) PRQ-834 ns Propagation delay from IFH to IFL and IFL to IFH el iso UART overdrive current Iod Reply delay time treply_delay iso UART bit rate BRisoU 3 – – mA 25) PRQ-1370 with tpulse = 38 ns 0 1.7 3 μs 25) PRQ-837 internal reply delay time of one IC 0.97 2 2.1 Mbit/s – PRQ-838 Series Rser resistor value 37.0 5 39 40.9 5 Ω 25) 26) PRQ-836 Series capacitor value 0.95 1 1.05 nF 25) 26) PRQ-835 19 22 27 Ω – PRQ-1845 Cser Transceiver RON Ron @100mA 24 25 26 Tested with standard external circuit (Cser, Rser). Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. External RC network needs to be adjusted depending on the application constraints, for example cable length. Datasheet 59 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 17 Round robin (RR) 17 Round robin (RR) 17.1 Functional description The device automatically performs a round robin (RR) scheme, which triggers several measurements as well as internal diagnostics to check for possible faults independently of any communication commands. The setting of the partition configuration register determines, which cells are measured and diagnosed. Note: To manually start a round robin cycle, use the RR_CONFIG.RR_SYNC bitfield and then perform a write command to WD_CNT. The automatic round robin diagnostic cycle is performed periodically every tRR. The period is configurable from tRR_min to tRR_max with a resolution of tRR_LSB. The duration of the actual diagnostic checks is defined by tRR_duration. Note: The first round robin cycle is performed immediately after each IC wake-up. If the WD_CNT command is missing or delayed for > tRR, then in RR_SYNC mode the RR is performed automatically after tRR. The IC wakes up periodically from sleep mode to perform one RR cycle on a programmable periodical basis with an interval tRR_sleep from tRR_sleep_min to tRR_sleep_max with a resolution of tRR_sleep_LSB. If the number of NTCs is > 0, then two RR schemes are executed after wake-up before the IC returns to sleep mode. Sleep Mode RR RR RR RR tRR_sleep Normal Mode RR RR tRR Figure 24 RR tRR RR tRR RR tRR Round robin diagnostics timing during sleep mode The following measurements are performed once during one round robin cycle in the following sequence: 1. Temperature measurements of both internal temperature sensors 2. ADC stress sensor compensation measurements and calculation 3. PCVM (10-bit) for all activated cells 4. BVM (10-bit) 5. NTC resistance measurement 6. NTC diagnostic measurements Note: To measure all connected NTCs up to three cycles might be needed. The result registers of PCVM and BVM are not updated. During a round robin the following checks are performed subsequent to the corresponding measurements, if set active. 1. Internal overtemperature check 2. The sum of all PCVMs is compared to the block voltage for a plausibility check 3. Cell voltage overvoltage and undervoltage check. If the voltage of a cell violates the programmed threshold (identified either by the digital or the analog comparator) 4. Open load diagnostic for all voltage sensing and balancing pins 5. Balancing overcurrent and undercurrent check for each cell where the balancing function is active 6. NTC overtemperature check 7. NTC diagnostics checks Each fault detected in a RR check increases the respective error counter by 1. Datasheet 60 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 17 Round robin (RR) Internal temp. 1 OT check Internal temperature meas. 1 (10Bit) Internal temp. 2 OT check Internal temperature meas. 2 (10Bit) OV/UV check & ADC error check Comparator OV/UV check Compensation measurements delay PCVM (10Bit) OL ODD PCVM (10Bit) delay tVM tcomp tVM_del tVM OL EVEN PCVM (10Bit) delay delay tVM_del tVM tVM_del tCVM Bal. OC/UC diag. check ODD channels & TMPx pull-down diagnosis check Bal. OC/UC ODD PCVM (10Bit) delay TMPx pulldown check TMPy TMPx BVM (10Bit) tVM OL diag. check EVEN channels & TMPy current source selection & TMPy Sc/Oc/OT1 checks OL diag. check ODD channels & TMPx current source selection & TMPx Sc/Oc/OT1 checks tVM_del tVM Bal. OC/UC diag. check EVEN channels & TMPx used current source RDIAG meas. Bal. OC/UC EVEN PCVM (10Bit) TMPx used source RDIAG meas. tVM_del tVM Bal. OC/UC diag. only performed for channels with balancing state ON in BAL_SETTINGS register tRR_duration 1 Sc/Oc/OT =short circuit / open circuit / over temperature Figure 25 RR task timing diagram During a round robin cycle, the connections on the activated TMPz channels are checked for open or short conditions. If it detects an open or short failure, then the corresponding fault bit in the external overtemperature warning register is set. Additionally, the external temperature error bit of the general diagnostics register is set. If the measured NTC value violates the corresponding thresholds, then an error flag is set. NTC_openthr ≤ EXT_TEMP_z.RESULT ≤ NTC_shortthr Clearing the external temperature error bit of the general diagnostics register resets the external overtemperature warning register. Note: RR_ERR_CNT.NR_EXT_TEMP_START bitfields setting and the current source range selection impacts the number of RRs needed to detect a failure condition. If the device detects an error during a round robin cycle, the individual error counter is increased by one. If the error counter is greater than nERROR, the respective error bit is set. The counter limit nERROR (3-bit) is configurable and valid for all counters. It is possible to deactivate a specific error counter by setting a mask bit. Note: Setting nERROR to 0, sets the error flag with the first detection of the failure condition. The status of the diagnostics registers which have been updated during a round robin cycle can be read via a command. If a fault was detected, the information is latched and can be cleared via a clear command. Note: The following diagnostics registers are available: • General diagnosis GEN_DIAG • Cell voltage supervision warning flag CELL_UV • Cell voltage supervision warning flag CELL_OV • External overtemperature warning flags EXT_TEMP_DIAG • Diagnosis OPENLOAD DIAG_OL • Cell voltage supervision warning flags CELL_UV_DAC_COMP • Cell voltage supervision warning flags CELL_OV_DAC_COMP • Passive balancing diagnosis OVERCURRENT BAL_DIAG_OC (only if balancing function is active) • Passive balancing diagnosis UNDERCURRENT BAL_DIAG_UC (only if balancing function is active) The IC keeps the diagnostic results (except for BAL_DIAG_OC and BAL_DIAG_UC) in sleep mode, as long as the sleep mode supply is available on U12P pin. In sleep mode, the IC resets the passive balancing diagnostic registers for overcurrent BAL_DIAG_OC and undercurrent BAL_DIAG_UC. After the 10-bit cell voltage measurement task in the round robin cycle, the measurement results are compared to configurable undervoltage and overvoltage thresholds. To configure the thresholds, the corresponding bits in the cell voltage thresholds registers can be set with a resolution of VComp_LSB. The undervoltage detection is disabled in case of UV_THR = 000H. The overvoltage detection is disabled in case of OV_THR = 3FFH. The IC has an automatic overvoltage and undervoltage detection. The comparator monitors the VGn VUn voltage and sets the OV/UV bits in the registers CELL_UV_DAC_COMP and CELL_OV_DAC_COMP. The delta sigma ADC monitors the (VUn+1 - VUn) voltage and sets the OV/UV bits in the registers. Datasheet 61 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 17 Round robin (RR) In a round robin cycle, the balancing function is paused during overvoltage and undervoltage check. If the RR_SYNC bit is set, then the IC synchronizes the start of the round robin cycle to the watchdog command. If this bit is set, then the next round robin cycle is triggered every time the watchdog WD_CNT is served. Additionally, the round robin counter is reset. Note: Autonomous RR is active if tRR expires before WD_CNT command arrives. This mechanism can synchronize all devices in the chain as well as the round robin to other tasks. After triggering a PCVM, SCVM, BVM, or AVM, the IC performs that measurement and terminates the round robin (case 3). The GEN_DIAG.LOCK_MEAS bit is set to 1 in this case and it is not possible to start a second manual measurement since RR cannot be skipped a second time, see cases 2, 3 and 4 in Figure. After the measurement is finished, the round robin task is restarted. The round robin cycle has a lower priority than the triggered measurement. Note: This is also true for a long running mode measurement. Datasheet 62 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 17 Round robin (RR) PCVM/SCVM/BVM start meas. cmd RR 1 No clash between RR and PCVM/ BVM/SCVM PCVM BVM SCVM CVM_DEL (option) RR tSCVM_ave tVM_del + tVM + tSCVM_ave tRR_duration tRR_duration RR_CNT PCVM start bit BVM start bit SCVM start bit Lock meas. bit PCVM/SCVM/BVM start meas. cmd RR CVM_DEL (option) 2 RR delayed since PCVM/BVM/SCVM has priority 2nd PCVM/SCVM/ BVM start meas. cmd (ignored!) PCVM BVM SCVM RR tSCVM_ave tVM_del + tVM + tSCVM_ave tRR_duration PCVM start bit BVM start bit SCVM start bit Lock meas. bit PCVM/SCVM/BVM start meas. cmd 2nd PCVM/SCVM/ BVM start meas. cmd (ignored!) RR CVM_DEL (option) 3 RR terminated since PCVM/ BVM/SCVM has priority. RR new start subsequently PCVM start bit PCVM BVM SCVM RR tSCVM_ave tVM_del + tVM + tSCVM_ave tRR_duration BVM start bit SCVM start bit Lock meas. bit PCVM/SCVM/BVM start meas. cmd 2nd PCVM/SCVM/ BVM start meas. cmd (ignored!) RR CVM_DEL (option) 4 PCVM/BVM/SCVM has priority (also valid for PCVM/ BVM/SCVM long running mode) PCVM start bit BVM PCVM LR SCVM LR _ tVM_del + tVM + 7*trestart + tSCVM_ave RR tSCVM_ave tRR_duration BVM start bit SCVM start bit Lock meas. bit Figure 26 Prioritizing PCVM, SCVM, BVM, and AVM versus round robin If a round robin is delayed by a manually triggered measurement, then the device synchronizes the subsequent RR scheme to start at the end of the measurement time tvm. Datasheet 63 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 17 Round robin (RR) Internal IC data, such as ADC trimming values is ECC protected and a register CRC check as well as an internal data check is executed with a fixed hardware cycle time tCRC_check independent of the round robin scheme interval time tRR. The registers with the following addresses are CRC protected: 01H, 02H, 03H, 04H, 05H, 08H, 09H, 0AH, 14H, 15H, 17H, 36H, 38H, 3AH, 3EH. Note: The register CRC error as well as the internal IC error do not have an error counter. 17.2 Electrical characteristics round robin (RR) Table 20 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional , Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber mV 27) PRQ-766 27) PRQ-767 27) PRQ-774 Min. Typ. Max. Overvoltage and undervoltage detection OV/UV threshold resolution VOVUV_LSB – FSRP – CVM/ 210 OV/UV threshold maximum value VOVUV_max 0 – FSRP V CVM Round robin counter RR scheme duration tRR_duration – RR interval step tRR_LSB – 1.2 ms Only valid if the measurement delay time tVM_del is not higher than tVM_del_LSB. 1.12 1.17 1.22 ms 27) PRQ-770 RR minimum tRR_min interval 6.7 7.1 7.4 ms 27) PRQ-768 RR maximum tRR_max interval time 149 155. 7 163 ms 27) PRQ-769 15 16.6 7 sec 27) PRQ-773 RR sleep tRR_sleep_m 3.88 maximum ax interval time 4.26 4.74 h 27) PRQ-771 Error counter nERROR – RR sleep interval step tRR_sleep_LS 13.6 4 B 0 7-bit counter 10-bit counter 7 - 27) ms 27) PRQ-776 3-bit counter CRC check cyclic interval tCRC_check 47 49.1 5 52 PRQ-775 (table continues...) 27 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 64 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 17 Round robin (RR) Table 20 (continued) Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional , Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. RR tcomp compensatio n measuremen t and calculation ADC ERROR result (ΣPCVM versus BVM) comparison error threshold 385 ADC_ERRth – 405 425 µs 27) PRQ-1392 256 – mV – PRQ-1304 64 – LSB10 Using ITMPz_0 with 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 PRQ-1306 1023 – LSB10 Using ITMPz_3 with 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 PRQ-1307 NTC Open / short diagnostics NTC short threshold NTC_shortt – NTC open threshold NTC_opent – 27 hr hr Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 65 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 18 Emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) 18 Emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) 18.1 Functional description One of the following reactions of the IC to an error can be configured in the general diagnostics register: • Indicate the issue via a "high" level on the ERR pin. • Send an emergency signal (EMM) via iso UART to each adjacent device in the chain. The ERR pin is protected against short to GND. The emergency signal is an alternating signal with the frequency fEMM. The EMM is received and sent via the iso UART communication interfaces. The IC can detect and forward an EMM signal in sleep mode. The EMM signal is used for the IC wake-up. On detecting an EMM signal, the IC reproduces and forwards it to the opposite iso UART interface. After the transmit process the IC returns to sleep mode. Communication Frequency Comparison EMM communication (fEMM) Standard iso UART communication (2 MHz) Assuming Sleep mode nEMM Third device on IFL_x RX Second device on IFH_x TX nEMM Second device on IFL_x RX First device on IFH_x TX nEMM_dect_wake-up tWAKE Second device detects EMM signal First device on IFL_x RX Fault device IFH & IFL as TX First device on IFH_x RX nEMM tWAKE nEMM_dect_wake-up First device detects EMM signal nEMM First device on IFL_x TX Second device on IFH_x RX tWAKE nEMM_dect_wake-up First device configures IFH_x as TX Second device detects EMM signal nEMM Second device on IFL_x TX Third device on IFH_x RX First device receives EMM signal Figure 27 Second device configures north IF as TX EMM in sleep mode process With a chain in sleep mode, the EMM signal reaches the transceiver from both sides. Datasheet 66 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 18 Emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) Sleep Mode Sleep Mode HV+ TX Dir. North CSC CSC RX RX Fault Communication Fault Communication TX Fault OV transformer Fault Host Controller TX RX IFL microcontroller CSC Fault OV Interface Main Relay UART Transceiver (Comm.) Fault RX IFH Dir. South Fault OV CSC Fault OV Interface Main Relay RX WakeUp TX RX IFL CSC Battery Stack Host Controller TX transformer microcontroller CSC Transceiver (Comm.) Fault TX RX WakeUp UART TX RX IFH RX RX CSC transformer transformer WakeUp CSC TX RX Fault Communication Fault Communication RX RX CSC CSC TX HV- Figure 28 Battery Stack WakeUp HV+ TX HV- EMM in sleep mode path In normal operation the communication mode (PoT or PoB) is already defined and the adjacent device shows either a TX or RX interface. In case of EMM, the contiguous device showing a TX interface will not forward the EMM signal. Therefore, the EMM signal follows the path that shows the RX interface back to the microcontroller. Datasheet 67 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 18 Emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) Dir. North Assuming PoT mode Second device on IFL_x TX First device on IFH_x RX Message lost: contiguous device in PoT configuration Fault device go to idle mode First device on IFL_x TX Fault device IFH & IFL as TX First device on IFH_x RX First device go to idle mode First device on IFL_x TX Second device on IFH_x RX Transceiver EMM detected Second device on IFL_x TX Transceiver IFH_x RX Assuming PoB mode Transceiver EMM detected Transceiver IFL_x RX Second device on IFH_x TX Fault device go to idle mode Dir. South First device on IFL_x RX Fault device IFH & IFL as TX First device on IFL_x TX Figure 29 Datasheet Second device go to idle mode First device go to idle mode Second device on IFL_x RX First device on IFH_x TX First device on IFH_x RX Second device on IFL_x TX Second device go to idle mode Message lost: contiguous device in PoB configuration EMM in normal mode process 68 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 18 Emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) Normal Communication: PoB IFH HV+ CSC RX Fault Host Controller Interface Main Relay RX UART Dir. South RX IFH Fault Host Controller IFL Interface Main Relay TX UART Fault IFH CSC transformer RX CSC TX IFL RX IFH CSC TX Fault Communication IFH Figure 30 IFL RX CSC RX IFH RX transformer IFL TX IFL RX IFH TX Dir. South Transceiver (Comm.) IFL TX CSC Fault OV TX IFL microcontroller IFH Fault OV transformer CSC IFL TX TX IFH IFH TX Transceiver (Comm.) Fault Dir. North CSC Fault OV TX IFL microcontroller IFL TX Fault OV transformer HV+ CSC Battery Stack Dir. North Fault Communication IFH RX Battery Stack TX Normal Communication: PoT IFH CSC IFL TX HV- IFL HV- EMM in normal mode path A device which sends the EMM signal transmits it for nEMM periods. The number of periods the IC needs to detect and forward an EMM signal depends on the operation mode: 1. Idle mode: nEMM_dect 2. Straight after wake-up caused by EMM: nEMM_dect_wake-up The IC's ERR pin default state is low and is pulled down using the external pull-down resistor RERR_PD. If the device detects an error, then it switches the ERR pin to VS until the following actions are performed: • The microcontroller clears the fault, which triggered the ERR signal. • The IC enters sleep mode. If a fault that activates the ERR pin is detected in round robin sleep, then the IC remains in normal mode until tWD_max elapses. The following faults can trigger the EMM mode or the ERR pin, depending on the configuration in the ERR pin / EMM mask register: • Overvoltage or undervoltage of a cell • External NTC resistance measurement fault • Open load diagnostics error for any voltage sensing and balancing pin • Balancing overcurrent and undercurrent error • ADC cross-check error • Internal overtemperature detected • Register CRC check fault detected • Internal IC error Setting the corresponding bits in the ERR pin and EMM mask register prevents faults from leading to an emergency signal (EMM) emission or to an ERR pin reaction. Datasheet 69 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 18 Emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) 18.2 Electrical characteristics emergency mode (EMM) and ERR pin (ERR) Table 21 Electrical characteristics VVS = VVS_functional, Tj = -40°C to +150°C, all voltages with respect to GND, positive current flowing into pin (unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note or condition PNumber Min. Typ. Max. Emergency mode EMM 50 52 kHz 28) PRQ-737 EMM number nEMM_dect_ 4 of periods to wake-up detect EMM signal straight after wake-up – 4 period 28) s 1. 2. PRQ-738 EMM number nEMM_dect of periods to detect EMM signal - idle mode 16 – 16 period 28) s IC is in idle mode and not enumerated (ID = 0) Transmitted EMM signal periods 32 – 32 period s 28) PRQ-742 EMM signal frequency fEMM nEMM 48 Wake-up due to the EMM signal During forwarding of the wake-up signal PRQ-740 ERR pin function ERR fault indication voltage VERR VVS - – 0.25 V VVS V IERR ≤ IERR_max PRQ-743 ERR input current IERR -1 – – mA Current capability of pin additionally to RERR_PD (= 100 kΩ) current PRQ-744 75 100 – kΩ External pull down resistance PRQ-745 ERR pullRERR_PD down resistor 28 Not subject to production test; verified by design or characterization. Datasheet 70 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 19 Application information 19 Application information 19.1 External circuitry and components Communication Cell Supervision Circuit PCB Cser EMC, Filter, Balancing CisoUART_F RU12P Rser IFH_L CU12P RF CisoUART_F VBLK+ GND U12P TLE9012DQU 35 Rser IFH_H RVS Cser 26 VBLK+ 25 34 CEMC VS (VREGIN) RF CELL #11 CEMC RBAL CF 36 G11 37 32 VREGOUT(VDDA) 31 CFB U11 RF CELL #10 U12 CF CEMC RBAL G10 VIO 38 27 39 VDDC CFB U10 RF CVDDC CVREGOUT CVS 40 CEMC 22 U2 RF CELL #1 CF CEMC RBAL RTMP 18 8 NTC0 TMP0 CTMP G1 9 U1 10 CT_IN CFB RF CELL #0 GND CEMC CF RBAL G0 11 RTMP 13 CFB RF U0 12 GND 15 NTC4 TMP4 CTMP CT_IN NTC NTC CEMC 19 TMP_GND RTMP_GND CTMP_GND NC 29/28 ERR RPulldn 20/21 23 GPIOq PWMp RPulldn RPulldn Rser Cser CisoUART_F Other supporting components Figure 31 External circuitry TLE9012DQU Table 22 External components Name Symbol 24 IFL_H 33 IFL_L 32 Other supporting components Rser Cser CisoUART_F Communication Typ. Unit Ω External filter resistor RF RF 10 External filter resistor RU12P RU12P 5.1 External balancing resistor RBAL RBAL 41 Ω External filter capacitor CF CF 330 nF EMC network capacitor CEMC CEMC 1 nF Condition Valid for pin U0 - U12 Ω (table continues...) Datasheet 71 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 19 Application information Table 22 (continued) External components Name Symbol Typ. Unit Filter capacitor (Gn/Un) CFB CFB 100 nF Buffer capacitor CVS CVS 100 nF Filtering resistor RVS RVS 5.1 Buffer capacitor on U12P CU12P 100 Ω Buffer capacitor on VREGOUT CVREGOUT 100 nF Buffer capacitor on VIO CVIO 100 nF Buffer capacitor on VDDC CVDDC 330 nF Bypass capacitor on iso UART CisoUART_F 220 pF Input capacitor on TMP CTMP 10 nF NTC filter resistor RTMP RTMP 100 Ω NTC filter capacitor CT_IN CT_IN 4.7 nF External wiring resistance RWH_ch 0.2 Ω Datasheet Condition nF 72 If VIO is connected to VREGOUT, then CVIO is omitted. Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 19 Application information 19.2 Typical application diagram Cell Supervision Circuit (CSC) Supply iso UART UART twisted pair cable Diagnostics unit Sensing IC Cell balancing Cell #11 Cell #10 Cell voltage (ASIL-D) NTC meas. (ASIL-D) Cell #0 Several other battery modules Several other CSCs BMS Cell #10 Cell voltage (ASIL-D) NTC meas. (ASIL-D) Supply Cell balancing Cell #10 Cell voltage (ASIL-D) NTC meas. (ASIL-D) Cell #0 UART Diagnostics unit Supply UART Cell balancing Diagnostics unit iso UART Cell #11 Sensing IC UART CSC iso UART Cell #11 Sensing IC to MCU Cell #0 To transceiver IC UART – iso UART transceiver Figure 32 Datasheet Typical application diagram 73 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC 20 Package information +0. 1±0.05 0.1±0.05 Stand Off 0.125-0.0075 35 Package information 1.2 Max 20 .7° 0.6±0.15 0°.. Seating plane 9 Coplanarity 7 1) 5 5 7 9 1) 0.5 × 45° Exposed diepad 48 48 1 1 0.5 Pin1 Marking 0.22±0.05 1) Does not include plastic or metal protrusion of 0.25 Max per side 2) Exposed pad for soldering purpose All dimensions are in units mm The drawing is in compliance with ISO 128-30, Projection Method 1 [ Drawing according to ISO 8015, general tolerances ISO 2769-mk Figure 33 ] PG-TQFP-48 Green Product (RoHS compliant) To meet the world-wide customer requirements for environmentally friendly products and to be compliant with government regulations the device is available as a Green Product. Green Products are RoHS compliant (Pb-free finish on leads and suitable for Pb-free soldering according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). Information on alternative packages Please visit www.infineon.com/packages. Datasheet 74 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 TLE9012DQU Li-ion battery monitoring and balancing IC Revision history Revision history Revision Date Changes 1.0 2022-01-24 Initial release of datasheet Datasheet 75 Rev. 1.0 2022-01-24 Trademarks All referenced product or service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Edition 2022-01-24 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2022 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Do you have a question about any aspect of this document? Email: erratum@infineon.com Document reference IFX-Z8F80064980 IMPORTANT NOTICE The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics (“Beschaffenheitsgarantie”). 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