16C450

ST16C450 UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER/TRANSMITTER (UART) September 2003 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ST16C450 is a universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter. The ST16C450 is an improved version of the NS16450 UART with higher operating speed and lower access time. A programmable baud rate generator is provided to select transmit and receive clock rates from 50 Bps to 1.5 Mbps. The ST16C450 on board status registers provides the error conditions, type and status of the transfer operation being performed. Included is complete MODEM control capability, and a processor interrupt system that may be software tailored to the user’s requirements. The ST16C450 provides internal loopback capability for on board diagnostic testing. The ST16C450 is available in 40 pin PDIP, 44 pin PLCC, and 48 pin TQFP packages. It is fabricated in an advanced CMOS process to achieve low drain power and high speed requirements. PLCC Package -DSR 41 -CTS 40 39 38 37 36 35 VCC N.C. -CD 42 -RI 43 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D5 D6 D7 RCLK RX N.C. TX CS0 CS1 -CS2 -BAUDOUT 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 44 6 5 4 3 2 1 RESET -OP1 -DTR -RTS -OP2 N.C. INT N.C. A0 A1 A2 ST16C450CJ44 34 33 32 31 30 29 XTAL1 XTAL2 -IOW -IOR -DDIS IOW N.C. FEATURES • Pin to pin and functionally compatible to the Industry Standard 16450 • 2.97 to 5.5 volt operation • 1.5 Mbps transmit/receive operation (24MHz) • Programmable word lengths (5, 6, 7, 8) • Even, odd, force, or no parity generation and detection • Independent transmit and receive control • Standard modem interface • Low operating current ( 1.2mA typ.) ORDERING INFORMATION Part number Package Operating temperature Device Status ST16C450CP40 ST16C450CJ44 ST16C450CQ48 ST16C450IP40 ST16C450IJ44 ST16C450IQ48 40-Lead 44-Lead 48-Lead 40-Lead 44-Lead 48-Lead PDIP PLCC TQFP PDIP PLCC TQFP 0° C to + 70° C 0° C to + 70° C 0° C to + 70° C -40° C to + 85° C -40° C to + 85° C -40° C to + 85° C Active. See the ST16C450CQ48 for new designs. Active Active Active. See the ST16C450IQ48 for new designs. Active Active Rev. 4.20 EXAR Corporation, 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 • (510) 668-7000 • FAX (510) 668-7017 CSOUT GND IOR -AS ST16C450 Figure 1, PACKAGE DESCRIPTION, ST16C450 48 Pin TQFP Package 40 Pin DIP Package -DSR -CTS VCC N.C. N.C. -CD -RI D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D0 D1 D2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 VCC -RI -CD -DSR -CTS RESET -OP1 -DTR -RTS -OP2 INT N.C. A0 A1 A2 -AS CSOUT -DDIS IOR -IOR 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 N.C. D5 D6 D7 RCLK N.C. RX TX CS0 CS1 -CS2 -BAUDOUT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 36 35 34 33 32 N.C. RESET D3 D4 -OP1 -DTR -RTS -OP2 INT N.C. A0 A1 A2 N.C. D5 D6 D7 RCLK RX TX CS0 CS1 -CS2 -BAUDOUT XTAL1 XTAL2 -IOW IOW GND ST16C450CQ48 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ST16C450CP40 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 XTAL1 XTAL2 -DDIS IOW IOR Rev. 4.20 2 CSOUT -IOW GND -IOR N.C. N.C. -AS ST16C450 Figure 2, BLOCK DIAGRAM D0-D7 -IOR,IOR -IOW,IOW RESET Data bus & Control Logic Transmit Shift Register TX Inter Connect Bus Lines & Control signals Receive Shift Register RX A0-A2 -AS CS0,CS1 -CS2 -DDIS CSOUT Register Select Logic -DTR,-RTS -OP1,-OP2 Clock & Baud Rate Generator Interrupt Control Logic Modem Control Logic -CTS -RI -CD -DSR INT Rev. 4.20 3 XTAL1 RCLK XTAL2 -BAUDOUT ST16C450 SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Symbol 40 A0 A1 A2 IOR 28 27 26 22 Pin 44 31 30 29 25 48 28 27 26 20 Signal type I I I I Pin Description Address-0 Select Bit Internal registers address selection. Address-1 Select Bit Internal registers address selection. Address-2 Select Bit Internal registers address selection. Read data strobe. Its function is the same as -IOR (see IOR), except it is active high. Either an active -IOR or IOR is required to transfer data from 16C450 to CPU during a read operation. Chip Select-0. Logical 1 on this pin provides the chip select0 function. Chip Select-1. Logical 1 on this pin provides the chip select1 function. Chip Select -2. Logical 0 on this pin provides the chip select2 function. Write data strobe. Its function is the same as -IOW (see IOW), but it acts as an active high input signal. Either -IOW or IOW is required to transfer data from the CPU to ST16C450 during a write operation. Address Strobe. A logic 0 transition on -AS latches the state of the chip selects and the register select bits, A0-A2. This input is used when address and chip selects are not stable for the duration of a read or write operation, i.e., a microprocessor that needs to de-multiplex the address and data bits. If not required, the -AS input can be permanently tied to a logic 0 (it is edge triggered). CS0 12 14 9 I CS1 13 15 10 I -CS2 14 16 11 I IOW 19 21 17 I -AS 25 28 24 I D0-D7 1-8 2-9 43-47 2-4 I/O Data Bus (Bi-directional) - These pins are the eight bit, tristate data bus for transferring information to or from the controlling CPU. D0 is the least significant bit and the first data bit in a transmit or receive serial data stream. Signal and Power Ground. GND 20 22 18 Pwr Rev. 4.20 4 ST16C450 SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Symbol 40 -IOR 21 Pin 44 24 48 19 Signal type I Pin Description Read data strobe (active low strobe). A logic 0 on this pin transfers the contents of the ST16C450 data bus to the CPU. Write data strobe (active low strobe). A logic 0 on this pin transfers the contents of the CPU data bus to the addressed internal register. Interrupt Request (active high). Interrupts are enabled in the interrupt enable register (IER), and when an interrupt condition exists. Interrupt conditions include: receiver errors, available receiver buffer data, transmit buffer empty, or when a modem status flag is detected. Chip select out. A high on this pin indicates that the ST16C450 has been enabled by the chip select pin. Baud Rate Generator Output. This pin provides the 16X clock of the selected data rate from the baud rate generator. The RCLK pin must be connected externally to -BAUDOUT when the receiver is operating at the same data rate. Drive Disable. This pin goes to a logic 0 when the external CPU is reading data from the ST16C450. This signal can be used to disable external transceivers or other logic functions. Output-1 (User Defined) - See bit-2 of modem control register (MCR bit-2). Reset. (active high) - A logic 1 on this pin will reset the internal registers and all the outputs. The UART transmitter output and the receiver input will be disabled during reset time. (See ST16C450 External Reset Conditions for initialization details.) Receive Clock Input. This pin is used as external 16X clock input to the receiver section. External connection to Baudout pin is required in order to utilize the internal baud rate generator. -IOW 18 20 16 I INT 30 33 30 O CSOUT 24 27 23 O -BAUDOUT 15 17 12 O -DDIS 23 26 22 O -OP1 34 38 34 O RESET 35 39 35 I RCLK 9 10 5 I Rev. 4.20 5 ST16C450 SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Symbol 40 -OP2 31 Pin 44 35 48 31 Signal type O Pin Description Output-2 (User Defined). This pin provides the user a general purpose output. See bit-3 modem control register (MCR bit3). Power Supply Input. Crystal or External Clock Input - Functions as a crystal input or as an external clock input. A crystal can be connected between this pin and XTAL2 to form an internal oscillator circuit. An external 1 MW resistor is required between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins (see figure 3). Alternatively, an external clock can be connected to this pin to provide custom data rates (Programming Baud Rate Generator section). Output of the Crystal Oscillator or Buffered Clock - (See also XTAL1). Crystal oscillator output or buffered clock output. Carrier Detect (active low) - A logic 0 on this pin indicates that a carrier has been detected by the modem. Clear to Send (active low) - A logic 0 on the -CTS pin indicates the modem or data set is ready to accept transmit data from the ST16C450. Status can be tested by reading MSR bit-4. This pin has no effect on the UART’s transmit or receive operation. Data Set Ready (active low) - A logic 0 on this pin indicates the modem or data set is powered-on and is ready for data exchange with the UART. This pin has no effect on the UART’s transmit or receive operation. Data Terminal Ready (active low) - A logic 0 on this pin indicates that the ST16C450 is powered-on and ready. This pin can be controlled via the modem control register. Writing a logic 1 to MCR bit-0 will set the -DTR output to logic 0, enabling the modem. This pin will be a logic 1 after writing a logic 0 to MCR bit-0, or after a reset. This pin has no effect on the UART’s transmit or receive operation. VCC XTAL1 40 16 44 18 42 14 Pwr I XTAL2 17 19 15 O -CD 38 42 40 I -CTS 36 40 38 I -DSR 37 41 39 I -DTR 33 37 33 O Rev. 4.20 6 ST16C450 SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Symbol 40 -RI 39 Pin 44 43 48 41 Signal type I Pin Description Ring Indicator (active low) - A logic 0 on this pin indicates the modem has received a ringing signal from the telephone line. A logic 1 transition on this input pin will generate an interrupt. Request to Send (active low) - A logic 0 on the -RTS pin indicates the transmitter has data ready and waiting to send. Writing a logic 1 in the modem control register (MCR bit-1) will set this pin to a logic 0 indicating data is available. After a reset this pin will be set to a logic 1. This pin has no effect on the UART’s transmit or receive operation. Receive Data - This pin provides the serial receive data input to the ST16C450. The RX signal will be a logic 1 during reset, idle (no data). During the local loop-back mode, the RX input pin is disabled and TX data is internally connected to the UART RX Input, internally, see figure 12. Transmit Data - This pin provides the serial transmit data from the ST16C450, the TX signal will be a logic 1 during reset, idle (no data). During the local loop-back mode, the TX input pin is disabled and TX data is internally connected to the UART RX Input, see figure 12. -RTS 32 36 32 O RX 10 11 7 I TX 11 13 8 O GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ST16C450 provides serial asynchronous receive data synchronization, parallel-to-serial and serial-toparallel data conversions for both the transmitter and receiver sections. These functions are necessary for converting the serial data stream into parallel data that is required with digital data systems. Synchronization for the serial data stream is accomplished by adding start and stops bits to the transmit data to form a data character (character orientated protocol). Data integrity is insured by attaching a parity bit to the data character. The parity bit is checked by the receiver for any transmission bit errors. The electronic circuitry to provide all these functions is fairly complex especially when manufactured on a single integrated silicon chip. The ST16C450 represents such an integration with greatly enhanced features. The ST16C450 is fabricated with an advanced CMOS process. The ST16C450 is designed to work with high speed modems and shared network environments. The ST16C450 is capable of operation to 1.5Mbps with a 24 MHz crystal or external clock input. With a crystal of 14.7464 MHz and through a software option, the user can select data rates up to 460.8Kbps or 921.6Kbps. Rev. 4.20 7 ST16C450 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS Internal Registers The ST16C450 provides 11 internal registers for monitoring and control. These registers are shown in Table 2 below. These registers function as data holding registers (THR/RHR), interrupt status and control registers (IER/ISR), line status and control registers, (LCR/LSR), modem status and control registers (MCR/ MSR), programmable data rate (clock) control registers (DLL/DLM), and a user assessable scratchpad register (SPR). Table 2, INTERNAL REGISTER DECODE A2 A1 A0 READ MODE WRITE MODE General Register Set (THR/RHR, IER/ISR, MCR/MSR, LCR/LSR, SPR): 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Receive Holding Register Interrupt Status Register Line Control Register Modem Control Register Line Status Register Modem Status Register Scratchpad Register Transmit Holding Register Interrupt Enable Register Scratchpad Register Baud Rate Register Set (DLL/DLM): Note *3 0 0 0 0 0 1 LSB of Divisor Latch MSB of Divisor Latch LSB of Divisor Latch MSB of Divisor Latch Note *3: These registers are accessible only when LCR bit-7 is set to a logic 1. Rev. 4.20 8 ST16C450 Programmable Baud Rate Generator The ST16C450 supports high speed modem technologies that have increased input data rates by employing data compression schemes. For example a 33.6Kbps modem that employs data compression may require a 115.2Kbps input data rate. A 128.0Kbps ISDN modem that supports data compression may need an input data rate of 460.8Kbps. The ST16C450 can support a standard data rate of 921.6Kbps. The programmable Baud Rate Generator is capable of accepting an input clock up to 24 MHz, as required for supporting a 1.5Mbps data rate. The ST16C450 can be configured for internal or external clock operation. For internal clock oscillator operation, an industry standard microprocessor crystal (parallel resonant/ 22-33 pF load) is connected externally between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins, with an external 1 MΩ resistor across it. Alternatively, an external clock can be connected to the XTAL1 pin to clock the internal baud rate generator for standard or custom rates. See figure 3 for crystal oscillator connection. The generator divides the input 16X clock by any divisor from 1 to 216 -1. The ST16C450 divides the basic crystal or external clock by 16. The frequency of the -BAUDOUT output pin is exactly 16X (16 times) of the selected baud rate (-BAUDOUT =16 x Baud Rate). Customized Baud Rates can be achieved by selecting the proper divisor values for the MSB and LSB sections of baud rate generator. Programming the Baud Rate Generator Registers DLM (MSB) and DLL (LSB) provides a user capability for selecting the desired final baud rate. The example in Table 3 below. Table 3, BAUD RATE GENERATOR PROGRAMMING TABLE (1.8432 MHz CLOCK): Output Baud Rate User 16 x Clock Divisor (Decimal) 2304 1536 768 384 192 96 48 24 16 12 6 3 2 1 User 16 x Clock Divisor (HEX) 900 600 300 180 C0 60 30 18 10 0C 06 03 02 01 DLM Program Value (HEX) 09 06 03 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DLL Program Value (HEX) 00 00 00 80 C0 60 30 18 10 0C 06 03 02 01 50 75 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 7200 9600 19.2k 38.4k 57.6k 115.2k Rev. 4.20 9 ST16C450 Figure 3, EXTERNAL CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CONNECTION R1 50-120 associated interface pins, and instead are connected together internally (See Figure 4). The -CTS, -DSR, -CD, and -RI are disconnected from their normal modem control inputs pins, and instead are connected internally to -DTR, -RTS, -OP1 and -OP2. Loop-back test data is entered into the transmit holding register via the user data bus interface, D0-D7. The transmit UART serializes the data and passes the serial data to the receive UART via the internal loop-back connection. The receive UART converts the serial data back into parallel data that is then made available at the user data interface, D0-D7. The user optionally compares the received data to the initial transmitted data for verifying error free operation of the UART TX/RX circuits. In this mode , the receiver and transmitter interrupts are fully operational. The Modem Control Interrupts are also operational. However, the interrupts can only be read using lower four bits of the Modem Control Register (MCR bits 0-3) instead of the four Modem Status Register bits 4-7. The interrupts are still controlled by the IER. XTAL1 R2 1M X1 1.8432 MHz C1 22pF C2 33pF Loopback Mode The internal loop-back capability allows onboard diagnostics. In the loop-back mode the normal modem interface pins are disconnected and reconfigured for loop-back internally. In this mode MSR bits 4-7 are also disconnected. However, MCR register bits 0-3 can be used for controlling loop-back diagnostic testing. In the loop-back mode -OP1 and -OP2 in the MCR register (bits 0-1) control the modem -RI and -CD inputs respectively. MCR signals -DTR and -RTS (bits 0-1) are used to control the modem -CTS and -DSR inputs respectively. The transmitter output (TX) and the receiver input (RX) are disconnected from their Rev. 4.20 10 XTAL2 ST16C450 Figure 4, INTERNAL LOOPBACK MODE DIAGRAM D0-D7 -IOR,IOR -IOW,IOW RESET Data bus & Control Logic Transmit Holding Registers Transmit Shift Register MCR Bit-4=1 TX Receive Holding Registers I n te r C o n n e c t B u s L in e s & C o n tr o l s ig n a ls Register Select Logic Receive Shift Register RX A0-A2 -AS CS0,CS1 -CS2 -DDIS CSOUT -RTS Modem Control Logic INT Interrupt Control Logic -CD -DTR -RI -OP1 Clock & Baud Rate Generator -DSR -OP2 -CTS XTAL2 -BAUDOUT XTAL1 RCLK Rev. 4.20 11 ST16C450 REGISTER FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS The following table delineates the assigned bit functions for the twelve ST16C450 internal registers. The assigned bit functions are more fully defined in the following paragraphs. Table 4, ST16C450 INTERNAL REGISTERS A2 A1 A0 Register [Default] Note *5 BIT-7 BIT-6 BIT-5 BIT-4 BIT-3 BIT-2 BIT-1 BIT-0 General Register Set 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 RHR [XX] THR [XX] IER [00] bit-7 bit-7 0 bit-6 bit-6 0 bit-5 bit-5 0 bit-4 bit-4 0 bit-3 bit-3 modem status interrupt bit-2 bit-2 receive line status interrupt INT priority bit-1 stop bits bit-1 bit-1 transmit holding register bit-0 bit-0 receive holding register 0 1 0 ISR [01] 0 0 0 0 INT priority bit-2 parity enable INT priority bit-0 word length bit-1 -RTS INT status 0 1 1 LCR [00] divisor latch enable 0 set break set parity even parity word length bit-0 -DTR 1 0 0 MCR [00] 0 0 loop back -OP2 -OP1 1 0 1 LSR [60] 0 trans. empty trans. holding empty DSR break interrupt framing error parity error overrun error receive data ready delta -CTS bit-0 1 1 0 MSR [X0] CD RI CTS delta -CD bit-3 delta -RI bit-2 delta -DSR bit-1 1 1 1 SPR [FF] bit-7 bit-6 bit-5 bit-4 Special Register Set: Note *3 0 0 0 0 0 1 DLL [XX] DLM [XX] bit-7 bit-15 bit-6 bit-14 bit-5 bit-13 bit-4 bit-12 bit-3 bit-11 bit-2 bit-10 bit-1 bit-9 bit-0 bit-8 Note *3: The Special register set is accessible only when LCR bit-7 is set to a logic 1. Note *5: The value represents the register’s initialized HEX value. An “X” signifies a 4-bit un-initialized nibble. Rev. 4.20 12 ST16C450 Transmit and Receive Holding Register The serial transmitter section consists of an 8-bit Transmit Hold Register (THR) and Transmit Shift Register (TSR). The status of the THR is provided in the Line Status Register (LSR). Writing to the THR transfers the contents of the data bus (D7-D0) to the THR, providing that the THR or TSR is empty. The THR empty flag in the LSR register will be set to a logic 1 when the transmitter is empty or when data is transferred to the TSR. Note that a write operation can be performed when the transmit holding register empty flag is set. The serial receive section also contains an 8-bit Receive Holding Register, RHR. Receive data is removed from the ST16C450 and receive by reading the RHR register. The receive section provides a mechanism to prevent false starts. On the falling edge of a start or false start bit, an internal receiver counter starts counting clocks at 16x clock rate. After 7 1/2 clocks the start bit time should be shifted to the center of the start bit. At this time the start bit is sampled and if it is still a logic 0 it is validated. Evaluating the start bit in this manner prevents the receiver from assembling a false character. Receiver status codes will be posted in the LSR. Interrupt Enable Register (IER) The Interrupt Enable Register (IER) masks the interrupts from receiver ready, transmitter empty, line status and modem status registers. These interrupts would normally be seen on the ST16C450 INT output pin. IER BIT-2: Logic 0 = Disable the receiver line status interrupt. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Enable the receiver line status interrupt. IER BIT-3: Logic 0 = Disable the modem status register interrupt. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Enable the modem status register interrupt. IER BIT 4-7: Not used and set to “0”. Interrupt Status Register (ISR) The ST16C450 provides four levels of prioritized interrupts to minimize external software interaction. The Interrupt Status Register (ISR) provides the user with four interrupt status bits. Performing a read cycle on the ISR will provide the user with the highest pending interrupt level to be serviced. No other interrupts are acknowledged until the pending interrupt is serviced. Whenever the interrupt status register is read, the interrupt status is cleared. However it should be noted that only the current pending interrupt is cleared by the read. A lower level interrupt may be seen after rereading the interrupt status bits. The Interrupt Source Table 5 (below) shows the data values (bit 0-3) for the four prioritized interrupt levels and the interrupt sources associated with each of these interrupt levels: IER BIT-0: Logic 0 = Disable the receiver ready interrupt. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Enable the receiver ready interrupt. IER BIT-1: Logic 0 = Disable the transmitter empty interrupt. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Enable the transmitter empty interrupt. Rev. 4.20 13 ST16C450 Table 5, INTERRUPT SOURCE TABLE Priority Level 1 2 3 4 [ISR] Bit-3 Bit-2Bit-1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 Bit-0 0 0 0 0 Source of the interrupt LSR (Receiver Line Status Register) RXRDY (Received Data Ready) TXRDY ( Transmitter Holding Register Empty) MSR (Modem Status Register) ISR BIT-0: Logic 0 = An interrupt is pending and the ISR contents may be used as a pointer to the appropriate interrupt service routine. Logic 1 = No interrupt pending. (normal default condition) ISR BIT 1-3: (logic 0 or cleared is the default condition) These bits indicate the source for a pending interrupt at interrupt priority levels 1, 2, and 3 (See Interrupt Source Table). ISR BIT 4-7: Not used and set to “0”. Line Control Register (LCR) The Line Control Register is used to specify the asynchronous data communication format. The word length, the number of stop bits, and the parity are selected by writing the appropriate bits in this register. LCR BIT-2: (logic 0 or cleared is the default condition) The length of stop bit is specified by this bit in conjunction with the programmed word length. BIT-2 Word length Stop bit length (Bit time(s)) 1 1-1/2 2 0 1 1 5,6,7,8 5 6,7,8 LCR BIT-3: Parity or no parity can be selected via this bit. Logic 0 = No parity (normal default condition) Logic 1 = A parity bit is generated during the transmission, receiver checks the data and parity for transmission errors. LCR BIT-4: If the parity bit is enabled with LCR bit-3 set to a logic 1, LCR BIT-4 selects the even or odd parity format. Logic 0 = ODD Parity is generated by forcing an odd number of logic 1’s in the transmitted data. The receiver must be programmed to check the same format. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = EVEN Parity is generated by forcing an even the number of logic 1’s in the transmitted. The receiver must be programmed to check the same format. LCR BIT-5: If the parity bit is enabled, LCR BIT-5 selects the forced parity format. LCR BIT 0-1: (logic 0 or cleared is the default condition) These two bits specify the word length to be transmitted or received. BIT-1 0 0 1 1 BIT-0 0 1 0 1 Word length 5 6 7 8 Rev. 4.20 14 ST16C450 LCR BIT-5 = logic 0, parity is not forced (normal default condition) LCR BIT-5 = logic 1 and LCR BIT-4 = logic 0, parity bit is forced to a logical 1 for the transmit and receive data. LCR BIT-5 = logic 1 and LCR BIT-4 = logic 1, parity bit is forced to a logical 0 for the transmit and receive data. MCR BIT-1: Logic 0 = Force -RTS output to a logic 1. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Force -RTS output to a logic 0. MCR BIT-2: Logic 0 = Set -OP1 output to a logic 1. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Set -OP1 output to a logic 0. MCR BIT-3: Logic 0 = Set -OP2 output to a logic 1. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Set -OP2 output to a logic 0. MCR BIT-4: Logic 0 = Disable loop-back mode. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Enable local loop-back mode (diagnostics). MCR BIT 5-7: Not used and set to “0”. Line Status Register (LSR) This register provides the status of data transfers between. the ST16C450 and the CPU. LCR Bit-5 X 0 0 1 1 LCR Bit-4 X 0 1 0 1 LCR Bit-3 0 1 1 1 1 Parity selection No parity Odd parity Even parity Force parity”1” Forced parity “0” LCR BIT-6: When enabled the Break control bit causes a break condition to be transmitted (the TX output is forced to a logic 0 state). This condition exists until disabled by setting LCR bit-6 to a logic 0. Logic 0 = No TX break condition. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Forces the transmitter output (TX) to a logic 0 for alerting the remote receiver to a line break condition. LCR BIT-7: The internal baud rate counter latch and Enhance Feature mode enable. Logic 0 = Divisor latch disabled. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Divisor latch and enhanced feature register enabled. Modem Control Register (MCR) This register controls the interface with the modem or a peripheral device. LSR BIT-0: Logic 0 = No data in receive holding register. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Data has been received and is saved in the receive holding register. LSR BIT-1: Logic 0 = No overrun error. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Overrun error. A data overrun error occurred in the receive shift register. This happens when additional data arrives while the RHR is full. In this case the previous data in the shift register is overwritten. Note that under this condition the data byte in the receive shift register is not transfer into the RHR, therefore the data in the RHR is not corrupted by the error. LSR BIT-2: Logic 0 = No parity error (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Parity error. The receive character does not have correct parity information and is suspect. MCR BIT-0: Logic 0 = Force -DTR output to a logic 1. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Force -DTR output to a logic 0. Rev. 4.20 15 ST16C450 LSR BIT-3: Logic 0 = No framing error (normal default condition). Logic 1 = Framing error. The receive character did not have a valid stop bit(s). LSR BIT-4: Logic 0 = No break condition (normal default condition) Logic 1 = The receiver received a break signal. LSR BIT-5: This bit indicates that the ST16C450 is ready to accept new characters for transmission. This bit causes the ST16C450 to issue an interrupt to the CPU when the transmit holding register is empty and the interrupt enable is set. Logic 0 = Transmit holding register is not empty. (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Transmit holding register is empty. When this bit is a logic 1, the CPU can load a new characters into the Transmit Holding Register for transmission. MSR BIT-1: Logic 0 = No -DSR Change (normal default condition) Logic 1 = The -DSR input to the ST16C450 has changed state since the last time it was read. A modem Status Interrupt will be generated. MSR BIT-2: Logic 0 = No -RI Change (normal default condition) Logic 1 = The -RI input to the ST16C450 has changed from a logic 0 to a logic 1. A modem Status Interrupt will be generated. MSR BIT-3: Logic 0 = No -CD Change (normal default condition) Logic 1 = Indicates that the -CD input to the has changed state since the last time it was read. A modem Status Interrupt will be generated. MSR BIT-4: CTS (active high, logical 1). Normally this bit is the compliment of the -CTS input. In the loop-back mode, this bit is equivalent to the RTS bit in the MCR register. MSR BIT-5: DSR (active high, logical 1). Normally this bit is the compliment of the -DSR input. In the loop-back mode, this bit is equivalent to the DTR bit in the MCR register. MSR BIT-6: RI (active high, logical 1). Normally this bit is the compliment of the -RI input. In the loop-back mode this bit is equivalent to the OP1 bit in the MCR register. MSR BIT-7: CD (active high, logical 1). Normally this bit is the compliment of the -CD input. In the loop-back mode this bit is equivalent to the OP2 bit in the MCR register. LSR BIT-6: Logic 0 = Transmitter holding and shift registers are full. Logic 1 = Transmitter holding and shift registers are empty. LSR BIT-7: Not used and set to “0”. Modem Status Register (MSR) This register provides the current state of the control interface signals from the modem, or other peripheral device that the ST16C450 is connected to. Four bits of this register are used to indicate the changed information. These bits are set to a logic 1 whenever a control input from the modem changes state. These bits are set to a logic 0 whenever the CPU reads this register. MSR BIT-0: Logic 0 = No -CTS Change (normal default condition) Logic 1 = The -CTS input to the ST16C450 has changed state since the last time it was read. A modem Status Interrupt will be generated. Rev. 4.20 16 ST16C450 Scratchpad Register (SPR) The ST16C450 provides a temporary data register to store 8 bits of user information. ST16C450 EXTERNAL RESET CONDITIONS REGISTERS IER ISR LCR, MCR LSR RESET STATE IER BITS 0-7 = logic 0 ISR BIT-0=1, ISR BITS 1-7 = logic 0 BITS 0-7 = logic 0 LSR BITS 0-4 = logic 0, LSR BITS 5-6 = logic 1 LSR, BIT 7 = logic 0 MSR BITS 0-3 = logic 0, MSR BITS 4-7 = logic levels of the input signals MSR SIGNALS T X -OP1 -OP2 -RTS -DTR CSOUT INT RESET STATE Logic 1 Logic 1 Logic 1 Logic 1 Logic 1 Logic 0 Logic 0 Rev. 4.20 17 ST16C450 AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA=0° - 70°C (-40° - +85°C for Industrial grade packages), Vcc=3.3 - 5.0 V ± 10% unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Limits 3.3 Min Max 17 8 35 5 5 5 0 10 35 0 10 40 15 15 35 25 10 40 0 10 40 20 5 50 40 40 1 45 45 24 45 40 1 216-1 40 1 10 25 0 10 30 15 5 40 35 35 1 40 40 24 40 216-1 25 0 5 0 0 10 25 0 10 30 10 10 25 15 Limits 5.0 Min Max 17 24 Units Conditions T1w,T2w T3w T4w T5s T5h T6s T6h T7d T7w T7h T8d T9d T10d T11d T12d T12h T13d T13w T13h T14d T15d T16s T16h T17d T18d T19d T20d T21d T22d T23d T24d TR N Clock pulse duration Oscillator/Clock frequency Address strobe width Address setup time Address hold time Address setup time Chip select hold time -IOR delay from chip select -IOR strobe width Chip select hold time from -IOR -IOR delay from address Read cycle delay CSOUT delay from chip select -IOR to -DDIS delay Delay from -IOR to data Data disable time -IOW delay from chip select -IOW strobe width Chip select hold time from -IOW -IOW delay from address Write cycle delay Data setup time Data hold time Delay from -IOW to output Delay to set interrupt from MODEM input Delay to reset interrupt from -IOR Delay from stop to set interrupt Delay from -IOR to reset interrupt Delay from stop to interrupt Delay from initial INT reset to transmit start Delay from -IOW to reset interrupt Reset pulse width Baud rate devisor ns MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Rclk ns ns Rclk ns ns Rclk Note 1: Note 1: Note 1: 100 pF load 100 pF load Note 1: Note 1: 100 pF load 100 pF load 100 pF load 100 pF load 8 8 Note 1: Applicable only when -AS is tied low. Rev. 4.20 18 ST16C450 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply range Voltage at any pin Operating temperature Storage temperature Package dissipation 7 Volts GND - 0.3 V to VCC +0.3 V -40° C to +85° C -65° C to 150° C 500 mW DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TA=0° - 70°C (-40° - +85°C for Industrial grade packages), Vcc=3.3 - 5.0 V ± 10% unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Limits 3.3 Min Max -0.3 2.4 -0.3 2.0 0.6 VCC 0.8 Limits 5.0 Min Max -0.5 3.0 -0.5 2.2 0.6 VCC 0.8 VCC 0.4 Units Conditions VILCK VIHCK VIL VIH VOL VOL VOH VOH IIL ICL ICC CP Clock input low level Clock input high level Input low level Input high level Output low level on all outputs Output low level on all outputs Output high level Output high level Input leakage Clock leakage Avg power supply current Input capacitance 0.4 2.4 2.0 ±10 ±10 1.3 5 ±10 ±10 3 5 V V V V V V V V µA µA mA pF IOL= 5 mA IOL= 4 mA IOH= -5 mA IOH= -1 mA Rev. 4.20 19 ST16C450 T2w T1w EXTERNAL CLOCK T3w -BAUDOUT 1/2 -BAUDOUT 1/3 -BAUDOUT 1/3> -BAUDOUT X450-CK-1 Clock timing Rev. 4.20 20 ST16C450 T4w -AS T5s A0-A2 Valid Address T6s -CS2 CS1-CS0 T7d T8d -IOR IOR Valid T7w Active T7h T9d T6h T5h T10d CSOUT T11d -DDIS T12d D0-D7 Data Active T12h Active T10d T11d X450-RD-1 General read timing Rev. 4.20 21 ST16C450 T4w -AS T5s A0-A2 Valid Address T6s -CS2 CS1-CS0 T13d T14d -IOW IOW Valid T13w Active T16s T16h T13h T15d T6h T5h D0-D7 Data X550-WD-1 General write timing Rev. 4.20 22 ST16C450 -IOW IOW Active T17d -RTS -DTR Change of state Change of state -CD -CTS -DSR T18d INT Change of state Change of state T18d Active T19d Active Active -IOR IOR Active Active Active T18d -RI Change of state X450-MD-1 Modem input/output timing Rev. 4.20 23 ST16C450 START BIT DATA BITS (5-8) STOP BIT RX D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 PARITY BIT NEXT DATA START BIT T20d Active T21d 5 DATA BITS 6 DATA BITS 7 DATA BITS INT -IOR IOR 16 BAUD RATE CLOCK X450-RX-1 Receive timing Rev. 4.20 24 ST16C450 START BIT DATA BITS (5-8) STOP BIT TX D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 PARITY BIT NEXT DATA START BIT T22d Active Tx Ready 5 DATA BITS 6 DATA BITS 7 DATA BITS INT T23d -IOW IOW Active T24d Active 16 BAUD RATE CLOCK X450-TX-1 Transmit timing Rev. 4.20 25 ST16C450 PACKAGE OUTLINE DRAWING 44LEAD PLASTIC LEADED CHIP CARRIER (PLCC) D D1 45° x H2 44 45° x H1 C Seating Plane A2 21 B1 D D1 D3 B D2 e R D3 A1 A Note: The control dimension is the inch column SYMBOL A A1 A2 B B1 C D D1 D2 D3 e H1 H2 R INCHES MIN 0.165 0.090 0.020 0.013 0.026 0.008 0.685 0.650 0.590 MAX 0.180 0.120 ----0.021 0.032 0.013 0.695 0.656 0.630 MILLIMETERS MIN 4.19 2.29 0.51 0.33 0.66 0.19 17.40 16.51 14.99 MAX 4.57 3.05 -----0.53 0.81 0.32 17.65 16.66 16.00 0.500 typ 0.50 BSC 0.042 0.042 0.025 0.056 0.048 0.045 12.70 typ 1.27BSC 1.07 1.07 0.64 1.42 1.22 1.14 Rev. 4.20 26 ST16C450 PACKAGE OUTLINE DRAWING 48 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT PACK (TQFP) D D1 36 25 37 24 D1 D 48 13 1 B A2 e 1 2 C A Seating Plane A1 L α Note: The control dimension is the millimeter column SYMBOL A A1 A2 B C D D1 e L α 0° INCHES MIN 0.039 0.002 0.037 0.007 0.004 0.346 0.272 0.018 MAX 0.047 0.006 0.041 0.011 0.008 0.362 0.280 0.030 7° MILLIMETERS MIN 1.00 0.05 0.95 0.17 0.09 8.80 6.90 0.45 0° MAX 1.20 0.15 1.05 0.27 0.20 9.20 7.10 0.75 7° 0.20 BSC 0.50BSC Rev. 4.20 27 ST16C450 EXPLANATION OF DATA SHEET REVISIONS: FROM 4.10 TO 4.20 CHANGES Added revision history. Added Device Status to front page. DATE Sept 2003 NOTICE EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained here in are only for illustration purposes and may vary depending upon a user's specific application. While the information in this publication has been carefully checked; no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies. EXAR Corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the failure of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or to significantly affect its safety or effectiveness. Products are not authorized for use in such applications unless EXAR Corporation receives, in writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has been minimized; (b) the user assumes all such risks; (c) potential liability of EXAR Corporation is adequately protected under the circumstances. Copyright 2003 EXAR Corporation Datasheet September 2003 Send your UART technical inquiry with technical details to hotline: uarttechsupport@exar.com Reproduction, in part or whole, without prior written consent of EXAR Corporation is prohibited. Rev. 4.20 28