SG5851DZ

SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters February 2008 SG5851 Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Features Green-Mode PWM Supports the “Blue Angel” Standard Low Start-up Current: 9µA Low Operating Current: 3mA Leading-Edge Blanking Constant Output Power Limit Universal Input Built-in Synchronized Slope Compensation Current Mode Operation Cycle-by-cycle Current Limiting Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) Programmable PWM Frequency with Frequency Hopping VDD Over-Voltage Protection (Auto Restart) Gate Output Voltage Clamped at 17V Low Cost Few External Components Required Description This highly integrated PWM controller provides several special enhancements designed to meet the low standby-power needs of low-power SMPS. To minimize standby power consumption, the proprietary greenmode function provides off-time modulation to linearly decrease the switching frequency under light-load conditions. This green-mode function enables the power supply to meet even the strictest power conservation requirements. The BiCMOS fabrication process enables reducing the start-up current to 9µA and the operating current to 3mA. To further improve power conservation, a large start-up resistance can be used. Built-in synchronized slope compensation ensures the stability of peak current mode control. Proprietary internal compensation provides a constant output power limit over a universal AC input range (90VAC to 264VAC). Pulse-by-pulse current limiting ensures safe operation even during short-circuit conditions. To protect the external power MOSFET from being damaged by supply over voltage, the output driver is clamped at 17V. SG5851 controllers, available in an SOP package, can be used to improve the performance and reduce the production cost of power supplies. Applications Power Adaptors Open-Frame SMPS Ordering Information Part Number SG5851SZ SG5851DZ Operating Temperature Range -40°C to +85°C -40°C to +85°C Package 8-pin Small Outline Package (SOP) 8-pin Dual in-line Package (DIP) Packing Method Tape & Reel Rail All packages are lead free per JEDEC: J-STD-020B standard. © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Application Diagram Figure 1. Typical Application Block Diagram Figure 2. Function Block Diagram © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 2 SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Pin Configuration GA TE VDD SENSE NC 8 7 6 5 1 GN D 2 FB 3 VDD 4 RI Figure 3. Pin Configuration(Top View) Pin Definitions Pin # 1 2 3 Name GND FB VDD Description Ground. For ATX SMPS, it detects AC line voltage through the main transformer. Feedback. Power Supply. Reference Setting. A resistor connected from the RI pin to ground generates a constant current source used to charge an internal capacitor and determine the switching frequency. Increasing the resistance reduces the amplitude of the current source and reduces the switching frequency. A 95kΩ resistor, RI, results in a 50µA constant current II and a 70kHz switching frequency. No Connection. Current Sense. This pin senses the voltage across a resistor. When the voltage reaches the internal threshold, PWM output is disabled. This activates over-current protection. This pin also provides current amplitude information for current-mode control. Power Supply. Driver Output. The totem-pole output driver for driving the power MOSFET. 4 RI 5 6 7 8 NC SENSE VDD GATE © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 3 SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. Symbol VVDD VFB VSENSE PD TJ θJA TSTG TL ESD DC Supply Voltage Input Voltage to FB Pin Parameter Min. -0.5 -0.5 Max. 30 7.0 7.0 300 150 141 Unit V V V mW °C °C/W °C °C KV V Input Voltage to Sense Pin Power Dissipation Operating Junction Temperature Thermal Resistance (Junction to Air) Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Wave soldering, or IR 10 seconds) Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Human Body Model Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Machine Model -55 150 260 3.0 200 Notes: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltage, are given with respect to GND pin. 2. Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings “may cause permanent damage to the device. Recommended Operating Conditions The Recommended Operating Conditions table defines the conditions for actual device operation. Recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. Fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to Absolute Maximum Ratings. Symbol TA Parameter Operating Ambient Temperature Min. -40 Typ. Max. +85 Unit °C © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 4 SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Electrical Characteristics VDD =15V, TA= 25°C, unless noted operating specs. Symbol VDD Section VDD-OP VDD-ON VDD-OFF IDD-ST IDD-OP VDD-OVP tD-VDDOVP VFB-OPEN VFB-OL tD-OLP VFB-N VFB-G SG ZSENSE tPD VSTHFL VSTHVA tLEB DCYSAW Parameter Continuous Operation Voltage Turn-on Threshold Voltage Turn-off Threshold Voltage Start-up Current Operating Supply Current VDD Over-voltage Protection level VDD Over-voltage Protection Debounce FB Output High Voltage FB Open-loop Trigger Level Delay Time of FB Pin Open-loop Protection Green-Mode Entry FB Voltage Green-Mode Ending FB Voltage Green-Mode Modulation Slope Input Impedance Delay to Output Flat Threshold Voltage for Current Limit Valley Threshold Voltage for Current Limit Leading-Edge Blanking Time Duty Cycle of SAW Limit Center Frequency Hopping Range Hopping Period Green-Mode Frequency Frequency Variation vs. VDD Deviation Frequency Variation vs. Temperature Deviation Maximum Duty Cycle Output Voltage Low Output Voltage High Rising Time Falling Time Output Clamp Voltage Conditions Min. Typ. Max. 22 Units V V V µA mA V µs V 15.5 10.5 VDD=VDD-ON – 0.1V VDD=15V, GATE with 1nF to GND Auto Restart Auto Restart 5 4.3 2.60 RI=95KΩ 40 10 VDD=13.5 to 22V 40 0.75 250 Maximum Duty Cycle 65 24 16.5 11.5 9 3.0 25 100 17.5 12.5 15 3.5 26 Feedback Input Section 4.6 56 2.85 2.2 75 100 3.10 4.9 V ms V V Hz/mV KΩ 55 1 0.80 310 45 70 ±4.9 3.7 20 0 0.02 2.00 2 75 0.85 370 100 ns V V ns % Current-Sense Section Oscillator Section FOSC tHOP FOSC-G FDV FDT RI=95KΩ RI=95KΩ RI=95KΩ VDD=13.5 to 22V TA=-20 to 85°C KHz ms KHz % % Output Section DCYMAX VGATE-L VGATE-H tr tf VGATECLAMP 70 VDD=15V, IO=20mA VDD=13.5V, IO=20mA VDD=15V, CL=1nF VDD=15V, CL=1nF VDD=22V 16 8 75 80 1.5 % V V ns ns 200 55 17 18 V © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 5 SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Functional Description SG5851 devices integrate many useful designs into one controller for low-power switch-mode power supplies. The following descriptions highlight some of the features of the SG5851 series. Constant Output Power Limit W hen the SENSE voltage across the sense resistor, RS, reaches the threshold voltage (~1.00V), the output GATE drive is turned off after propagation delay, tPD. This propagation delay introduces an additional current proportional to tPD•Vin/Lp. The propagation delay is nearly constant regardless of the input line voltage VIN. Higher input line voltages result in larger additional currents. At high input line voltages, the output power limit is higher than at low input line voltages. To compensate for this output power limit variation across a wide AC input range, the threshold voltage is adjusted by adding a positive ramp. This ramp signal rises from 0.80V to 1.00V, then flattens out at 1.00V. A smaller threshold voltage forces the output GATE drive to terminate earlier. This reduces the total PWM turnon time and makes the output power equal to that of low line input. This proprietary internal compensation ensures a constant output power limit for a wide AC input voltage range (90VAC to 264VAC). Start-up Current The start-up current is only 9µA, which allows a startup resistor with a high resistance and a low-wattage to supply the start-up power for the controller. A 1.5MΩ, 0.25W, start-up resistor and a 10µF/25V VDD hold-up capacitor are sufficient for an AC-to-DC power adapter with a wide input range (90VAC to 264VAC). Operating Current The operating current has been reduced to 3mA, which results in higher efficiency and reduces the VDD hold-up capacitance requirement. Green-Mode Operation The proprietary green-mode function provides off-time modulation to linearly decrease the switching frequency under light-load conditions. On-time is limited to provide stronger protection against brownouts and abnormal conditions. The feedback current, which is sampled from the voltage feedback loop, is taken as the reference. Once the feedback current exceeds the threshold current, the switching frequency starts to decrease. This green-mode function dramatically reduces power consumption under light-load and zero-load conditions. Power supplies using the SG5851 can meet even the strictest regulations regarding standby power consumption. Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) The turn-on and turn-off thresholds are fixed internally at 16.5V and 11.5V. During start-up, the hold-up capacitor must be charged to 16.5V through the startup resistor to enable SG5851. The hold-up capacitor continues to supply VDD until power can be delivered from the auxiliary winding of the main transformer. VDD must not drop below 11.5V during the start-up process. This UVLO hysteresis window ensures that the hold-up capacitor is adequate to supply VDD during start-up. Gate Output The SG5851 BiCMOS output stage is a fast totem-pole gate driver. Cross conduction has been avoided to minimize heat dissipation, increase efficiency, and enhance reliability. The output driver is clamped by an internal 17V Zener diode to protect power MOSFET transistors against undesired over-voltage gate signals. Oscillator Operation A resistor connected from the RI pin to ground generates a constant current source used to charge an internal capacitor. The charge time determines the internal clock speed and the switching frequency. Increasing the resistance reduces the amplitude of the input current and reduces the switching frequency. A 95kΩ resistor, RI, results in a 50µA constant current, II, and a 70kHz switching frequency. The relationship between RI and the switching frequency is: fPWM = 6650 (kHz ) RI(kΩ) Built-in Slope Compensation The sensed voltage across the current sense resistor is used for current mode control and pulse-by-pulse current limiting. Built-in slope compensation improves stability and prevents sub-harmonic oscillations due to peak-current mode control. The SG5851 has a synchronized, positively-sloped ramp built-in at each switching cycle. The slope of the ramp is: 0.36 × Duty (2) Duty(max .) (1) The range of the oscillation frequency is designed to be within 50kHz ~ 100kHz. Leading-Edge Blanking Each time the power MOSFET is switched on, a turnon spike occurs at the sense-resistor. To avoid premature termination of the switching pulse, a 320ns leading-edge blanking time is built in. Conventional RC filtering can therefore be omitted. During this blanking period, the current-limit comparator is disabled and it cannot switch off the gate driver. Noise Immunity Noise from the current sense or the control signal can cause significant pulse-width jitter, particularly in continuous-conduction mode. While slope compensation helps alleviate these problems, further precautions should be taken. Good placement and layout practices should be followed. Avoiding long PCB traces and component leads, locating compensation and filter components near the SG5851, and increasing power MOS gate resistance improve performance. www.fairchildsemi.com 6 © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Typical Performance Characteristics 17.000 14.000 13.000 12.000 11.000 10.000 9.000 8.000 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 16.800 16.600 16.400 16.200 16.000 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ V DD-OFF (V) V DD-ON (V) Temperature (℃ ) Temperature (℃ ) Figure 4. VDD-ON vs. TA 2.000 14.000 12.000 10.000 8.000 6.000 Figure 5. VDD-OFF vs. TA 1.800 IDD-OP (mA) -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ I DD-ST ( uA) 1.600 1.400 4.000 2 .000 1.200 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ Temperature ( ℃ ) Temperature (℃ ) Figure 6. IDD-ST vs. TA 70.0 70.0 Figure 7. IDD-OP vs. TA 69.8 69.8 DCY MAX (%) F OSC (KHz) 69.6 69.6 69.4 69.4 69.2 69.2 6 9.0 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 6 9.0 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ Temperature (℃ ) Temperature (℃ ) Figure 8. fOSC vs. TA Figure 9. DCYMAX vs. TA © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 7 SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Typical Performance Characteristics 3.0 2.30 2.28 2.9 V FB-N (V) 2.8 V FB-G (V) -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ 2.26 2.24 2.7 2.22 2 .6 2.20 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ Temperature (℃ ) Temperature (℃ ) Figure 10. VFB-N vs. TA 320 310 300 Figure 11. VFB-G vs. TA tLEB (ns) 290 280 270 2 60 -40℃ -25℃ -10℃ 5℃ 20℃ 35℃ 50℃ 65℃ 80℃ 95℃ 110℃ 125℃ Temperature (℃ ) Figure 12. tLEB vs. TA © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 8 SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Mechanical Dimensions 8 5 C 1 b 4 e D A1 A Figure 13. Dimensions Symbol A A1 b c D E e F H L θ˚ Millimeter Min. 1.346 0.101 Typ. Max. 1.752 0.254 0.406 0.203 4.648 3.810 1.270 0.381X45˚ 5.791 0.406 0˚ 6.197 1.270 8˚ 0.228 0.016 0˚ 4.978 3.987 0.183 0.150 0.050 0.015X45˚ 0.244 0.050 8˚ Inch Min. 0.053 0.004 0.016 0.008 0.196 0.157 Typ. Max. 0.069 0.010 Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products. Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/ © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 9 H F E Θ L 8-SOIC SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Mechanical Dimensions (Continued) D 8 5 Θ¢X E1 E e B 1 4 A1 A2 L b1 b e Figure 14. A 8-DIPIC Dimensions Symbol A A1 A2 b b1 D E E1 e L eB θ˚ Millimeter Min. 0.381 3.175 Typ. Max. 5.334 3.302 1.524 0.457 9.271 7.620 6.350 2.540 3.302 9.017 7˚ 3.429 0.015 0.125 0.130 0.060 0.018 0.365 0.300 0.250 0.100 0.130 0.355 7˚ Inch Min. Typ. Max. 0.210 0.135 9.017 6.223 2.921 8.509 0˚ 10.160 6.477 3.810 9.525 15˚ 0.355 0.245 0.115 0.335 0˚ 0.400 0.255 0.150 0.375 15˚ Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products. Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/ © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 10 SG5851 — Low-Cost Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG5851 • Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 11