LoRa Sensor node
User Guide V0.3
WIRELESS, SENSING and TIMING PRODUCTS
USER GUIDE
LoRa Sensor node
USER GUIDE
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LoRa Sensor node
User Guide V0.3
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USER GUIDE
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Index of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 3
1 Preamble ................................................................................................................................................ 4
2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4
3 Ordering Information .............................................................................................................................. 4
4 Product specifications ............................................................................................................................ 4
5 Operation of the Sensor node ................................................................................................................ 7
6 Hardware of the Sensor node ................................................................................................................ 8
6.1
SX1276+MCU part ...................................................................................................................... 12
6.2
External antenna ......................................................................................................................... 13
6.3
Others Hardware Details ............................................................................................................. 13
6.3.1 3-Axis Accelerometer sensor MMA8451Q .............................................................................. 13
6.3.2 3-Axis Magnetometer sensor MAG3110 ................................................................................. 14
6.3.3 Altimeter, Thermometer and Pressure sensor MPL3115A2 ................................................... 14
6.3.4 SAR proximity sensor SX9500 ................................................................................................ 14
6.3.5 GPS module SIM39EA ............................................................................................................ 14
6.3.6 IO Expander ............................................................................................................................ 14
6.3.7 EEPROM ................................................................................................................................. 15
6.3.8 Battery charging SC811/SC813 .............................................................................................. 15
6.3.9 Battery GT423450AR .............................................................................................................. 15
7 LoRa sensor node Demo Software ...................................................................................................... 15
7.1
Sensor node Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................. 16
7.1.1 Tools Installation ..................................................................................................................... 16
7.1.2 Enter Bootloader Mode ........................................................................................................... 17
7.1.3 Connect SensorNode to PC and Install Driver ........................................................................ 17
7.1.4 Upgrade ................................................................................................................................... 18
7.2
Payload Format ........................................................................................................................... 21
7.3
PER Analysis............................................................................................................................... 23
7.4
LoRaWAN Configuration ............................................................................................................. 23
8 LoRaWAN transceiver energy profile .................................................................................................. 24
Revision History .......................................................................................................................................... 29
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Index of Figures
Figure 1: keyboard and connector of LoRa sensor node .............................................................................. 7
Figure 2: Block diagram of LoRa sensor node.............................................................................................. 8
Figure 3: HW arrangement of layout-Top layer............................................................................................. 9
Figure 4: HW arrangement of layout-Bottom layer ..................................................................................... 10
Figure 5: LoRa sensor node Schematics_1—Maiboard ............................................................................. 11
Figure 6 LoRa sensor node Schematics_2—RF+MCU part ....................................................................... 12
Figure 7: Passed test report of battery GT423450AR ................................................................................ 15
Figure 8: DfuSe Demo for bootloader ......................................................................................................... 16
Figure 9: How to enter bootloader mode with LoRa Sensor Node ............................................................. 17
Figure 10: STM32 DFU Installing Driver ..................................................................................................... 17
Figure 11: Sensor Node DFU Bootloader Mode ......................................................................................... 18
Figure 12: DfuSe Panel ............................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 13: Dfu Firmware Choosed .............................................................................................................. 19
Figure 14: Confirm to Upgrade ................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 15: Erasing when bootloader ........................................................................................................... 20
Figure 16: Downloading when bootloader .................................................................................................. 20
Figure 17: bootloader successful ................................................................................................................ 21
Figure 18: The data on IOT server from sensor node ................................................................................ 23
Figure 19: RF module Energy Profile .......................................................................................................... 24
Figure 20: Power Consumption Across Time ............................................................................................. 25
Figure 21: Power Consumption with successful Rx .................................................................................... 26
Figure 22: Power Consumption at SF7 ....................................................................................................... 27
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1 Preamble
The LoRa sensor node is a demo platform intended to showcase the capability of the SX1276 and
especially the LoRa modulation. The platform is fitted with various sensors which provide a variety of
application. We strongly recommend for the user to read thoroughly the datasheet of the SX1276 and the
LoRaWAN specification prior to start working with on the LoRa sensor node.
2 Introduction
The SX1276 is a single-chip integrated circuit ideally suited for today's high performance ISM band RF
applications. Added to the renowned, high-performance and low-cost, FSK / OOK RF transceiver modem,
the SX1276 is also equipped with the LoRa proprietary transceiver modem. This advanced feature set,
including a state of the art packet engine, greatly simplifies system design whilst the high level of
integration reduces the external BOM to a handful of passive decoupling and matching components. It is
intended for use as high-performance, long range, half-duplex bi-directional RF links, and where stable
and constant RF performances are required over the full operating range of the device down to 1.8V.
The SX1276 is intended for applications over a wide frequency range, including 290MHz to 340MHz, the
434MHz/470MHz Asia ISM band, the 868 MHz European and the 902-928 MHz North American ISM
bands. Coupled with a link budget in excess of 135 dB in FSK and in excess of 155 dB in LoRa, the
SX1276 really offers the possibility of two modems in one single package. The SX1276 complies with
both ETSI and FCC regulatory requirements and is available in a 5x5 mm QFN 28 lead free package.
The LoRa sensor node has been designed to demonstrate the capability of the SX1276 and is targeted to
any potential user who would like to get familiar with the LoRa Modulation and the LoRaWAN protocol.
Without going into too many details, this document should guide the reader through the potential use of
the LoRa sensor node as a standalone transmitter/receiver, or as part of a more complex IOT system.
The LoRa sensor node being a battery powered device with charging, a strong emphasis on the power
consumption is described within the documents.
3 Ordering Information
When ordering, please refer to the following parts numbers:
LoRa sensor node v4 – 434/470MHz – External antenna
LoRa sensor node v4 – 868/915MHz – External antenna
4 Product specifications
Product Name
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ITEMs
General
Specifications
Parameter
Specifications
Enclosure color
Red
outline dimension
100(L) X 60(W) X17(H)
mm
Weight
76
g
Input/Output Interface
Micro USB
Antenna connector
SMA for External antenna used
Operate temperature Range
-10℃ +60℃ (limited to the battery)
℃
Storage temperature Range
-40℃ +80℃
℃
Power Voltage (USB)
+5.0
V
Battery voltage
3.7 to 4.2
V
Battery capacity
GPS operation current
(Transceiver in sleep)
800
mAh
32
mA
90mA@TXOP=14dBm, 434MHz/470MHz；
75mA@TXOP=14dBm, 868MHz；
175mA@TXOP=20dBm, 434MHz/470MHz；
mA
47
mA
500
mA
14dBm default
20dBm@434MHz/470MHz
14dBm@868MHz/915MHz
-139dBm @300bps
dBm
Operation current max
(Transmit and GPS)
Electrical
Characteristics
Operation current max
(Receive and GPS)
Charging current max
Output power
Max Output power
Receiver sensitivity
Antenna Gain (External)
Antenna Gain (Internal)
GPS
Interface
Unit
dBm
dBm
434MHz/470MHz;
868MHz/915MHz;
Operation Band
Functions
USER GUIDE
Temperature measurement
Atmospheric pressure
measurement
Altitude Measurement
MHz
0
2dBi @434MHz/470MHz;
2dBi @868MHz/915MHz
GPS position update when there is GPS
signal
Temperature update
dBi
Atmospheric pressure update
Altitude value update
Battery level measurement
Battery level update
Chargeable
Chargeable with USB
Boot loader with USB
SW update with boot loader via USB
Power ON/OFF switch
Power on/off for LoRa sensor node
Radio ON/OFF
No used default
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dBi
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LED "TX"
Red LED, blink when transmit
LED "RX"
Green LED, blink when receive a packet
LED "FCT"
LED "GPS"
LED "Power ON"
LED "Charging"
Micro USB
Connector for External
Antenna
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Orange LED, could be lighted by the
command from GW
Blue LED, blink one time one second when
the node get the GPS signal
The Red LED of Bi-color LED would be ON
when Power ON
The Green LED of Bi-color LED would be ON
when Charging
External power supply or for Charging
SMA
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5 Operation of the Sensor node
The sensor node being integrated with LoRaWAN protocol, an IOT server with LoRa concentrator or
Gateway (SX1301IOT Starter kit) is needed to do the demo.
When there is a server with GW working, press the “power on” button and then release it to start the node.
The Node would operate in default mode, i.e. GPS-Sensor Demo. The 4 LEDs would blink together for
one time. The inside “power status” LED would be ON. Later on, the “TX” LED would blink periodically,
which means the node is transmitting the sensor data to GW. After several minutes, the “GPS” LED would
blink one time one second if the node get the GPS signal. Please put the node outside to make sure that
the node could get a good GPS signal when you need the GPS position.
When you want to shut down the node, you need just press the “power on/off” button again and then
release it. Then the node will be powered off.
“TX” LED: The “TX” LED would blink when transmitting the data to GW. The “TX” LED is red.
“RX” LED: The “RX” LED would blink when receiving the data from GW. The “RX” LED is green.
“FCT” LED: The “FCT” LED could be lighted by the command from GW/Server. The “FCT” LED is Orange.
“GPS” LED: The “GPS” LED would blink one time one second when the node get the GPS signal. The
“GPS” LED is blue.
“Radio” button: The button printed with blue arc lines is the “Radio on/off” button. Only used for
bootloader for SW upgrade in current.
“Power” button: “Power on” button is the red button on the face of the node, which is also used to power
off. This is a toggle switch.
Inside LED for power on and charging: on the bottom of the node, near the USB connector, there is a
hole. You could see the bi-color LED status via the hole. The Red LED would be ON when you power on
the node, and would be off when shutting down; the Green LED would be on when the node is in
charging, would be off when charging finished or there is no usb cable connected.
Micro-USB connector: The usb connector would be used for charging or bootloader for SW upgrade.
Radio on/off button
Power on/ off button
Micro-USB connector
Inside LED for power
on/off and charging
status
Figure 1: keyboard and connector of LoRa sensor node
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6 Hardware of the Sensor node
The LoRa sensor node is targeted to be a development platform for the SX1276. This idea has been to
group into a single, user friendly, battery powered with charging handheld device. Figure below is a
schematic block diagram for the sensor node.
Figure 2: Block diagram of LoRa sensor node
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Connector for
External antenna
Accelerometer
Altimeter
GPS module SIM39EA
IO expander
EEPROM
SX1276 part
Magnetic
Power toggle
switch circuit
STM32L151 MCU
Flexible keyboard
connector
Battery connector
Charging circuit
USB connector
/Charging port
(Top side)
Figure 3: HW arrangement of layout-Top layer
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SAR SX9500
DC-DC circuit
LED for Charging
LED for Power ON
(Bottom side)
Figure 4: HW arrangement of layout-Bottom layer
The schematic of the LoRa sensor node is displayed below. The full design details of the LoRa sensor
node (schematic, layout, BOM) are available upon request.
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Figure 5: LoRa sensor node Schematics_1—Maiboard
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Figure 6 LoRa sensor node Schematics_2—RF+MCU part
The LoRa sensor node can either be supplied with an internal 4.2V lithium battery or through the USB
connector. The internal circuitry is however powered at 3.3V. The RF module(SX1276+STM32L151 part)
is powered directly from the battery via a diode; others are powered by a buck- boost DC-DC.
6.1 SX1276+MCU part
This part is the core part of the Sensor node. With Semtech’s high performance LoRa transceiver SX1276
and ST’s 32bit MCU STM32L151C8U6 which embedded with LoRaWAN protocol, the sensor node could
work well with LoRaWAN GW/Server.
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6.2 External antenna
For this sensor node Demo, an external antenna would be used. Below is some information for the
external antenna tracking.
1) PN： AC-Q433-ZW-SMA
Gain： 2.5dBi
Freq: 434MHz /470MHz
Size： Φ8*135MM
Vendor: Asian Creation
http://www.ycantenna.com/
2) PN:
AC-QGC-L20
Gain： 2.5dBi
Freq: 868MHz /915MHz
Size： Φ13*210MM
Vendor: Asian Creation
http://www.ycantenna.com/
3) PN:
ANT-916-CW-HWR-SMA
Gain: 1.9dBi
Freq: 915MHz
Size: 142mm
Vendor: Linx Tech.
6.3 Others Hardware Details
As a handheld platform, the LoRa sensor node is mainly targeted to be battery powered and is thus
equipped with a 4.2V lithium battery. To simplify the development of software on the LoRa sensor node,
the platform can also be powered directly from a USB port, thus removing the need for a battery while
developing software.
The LoRa sensor node is targeted to a wide range of applications and is therefore fitted with a variety of
sensors which gives flexibility of use, and allows showcasing the IOT capabilities of the LoRa sensor
node.
6.3.1 3-Axis Accelerometer sensor MMA8451Q
Made by Freescale, the MMA8451Q is a low-power, three-axis, capacitive accelerometer with 14 bits of
resolution. This accelerometer is packed with embedded functions with flexible user programmable
options, configurable to two interrupt pins. The device can be configured to generate inertial wakeup
interrupt signals from any combination of the configurable embedded functions allowing the MMA8451Q
to monitor events and remain in a low-power mode during periods of inactivity. The MMA841Q is
accessible through the I2C bus at the address 0x1C. Please, consult Freescale website for more detailed
information on the device.
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6.3.2 3-Axis Magnetometer sensor MAG3110
The MAG3110 is a small, low-power digital 3-D magnetic sensor with a wide dynamic range to allow
operation in PCBs with high extraneous magnetic fields. The MAG3110 magnetometer measures the
three components of the local magnetic field which will be the sum of the geomagnetic field and the
magnetic field created by components on the circuit board. The MAC3110 can be used in conjunction
with a 3-axis accelerometer; orientation-independent accurate compass heading information can be
achieved. The MAG3110 is accessible through the I2C bus at the address 0x0E. Please, consult
Freescale website for more detailed information on the device.
6.3.3 Altimeter, Thermometer and Pressure sensor MPL3115A2
Freescale's MPL3115A2 provides highly precise pressure, temperature and altitude data with variable
sampling rate capability. It has low-power consumption and requires zero data processing. The Xtrinsic
MPL3115A2 pressure sensor smart features include digital output, two interrupts for auto-wake,
minimum/maximum threshold detection and autonomous data acquisition. MCU usage is limited since the
MPL3115A2 pressure sensor can process sensor data locally, reducing communications required with the
host processor. The MPL3115A2 is accessible through the I2C bus at the address 0x60. Please, consult
Freescale website for more detailed information on the device.
6.3.4 SAR proximity sensor SX9500
The SX9500 is a low-cost, very low power 4-channel SAR controller that can operate either as a proximity
or button sensor. The SX9500 includes sophisticated on-chip auto-calibration circuitry to regularly perform
sensitivity adjustments, maintaining peak performance over a wide variation of temperature, humidity and
noise environments, providing simplified product development and enhanced performance. A dedicated
transmit enable (TXEN) pin is available to synchronize capacitive measurements for applications that
require synchronous detection, enabling very low supply current and high noise immunity by only
measuring proximity when requested. The SX9500 is accessible through the I2C bus at the address 0x28.
Please, consult Semtech website for more detailed information on the device.
6.3.5 GPS module SIM39EA
The SIMCom SIM39EA GPS receiver module with embedded GPS antenna enables high performance
navigation in the most stringent applications and solid fix even in harsh GPS visibility environments. The
SIM39EA is implemented with a Deep Sleep mode allowing reducing the power consumption while the
positioning of the device is not mandatory. Connected to the UART of the MCU, the GPS module is
providing directly the NMEA data from the GPS. Please, consult the SIMCom for more detailed
information on the device.
6.3.6 IO Expander
The LoRa sensor node is equipped with the Semtech SX1509 ultra low voltage IO- expander which
allows connecting some of the less vital part of the circuitry such as spare IOs and LEDs. The IO
expander is accessible through the I2C at the address 0x3E. Please, consult the Semtech website for
more detailed information on the device.
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6.3.7 EEPROM
The LoRa sensor node is also equipped with a Microchip 24AA1287 EEPROM which can hold up to 128
Kbit (16K x 8) of data. The EEPROM is accessible Through the I2C at the address 0xA8. Please, consult
the Microchip website for more detailed information on the device.
6.3.8 Battery charging SC811/SC813
The SC811 and SC813 are highly versatile single input triple mode (adapter/USB high current, USB low
current) linear single-cell Li-ion battery chargers, each in an 8 lead 2x2 MLPD ultra-thin package. The
input will survive sustained input voltage up to 30V to protect against hot plug overshoot and faulty
charging adapters. The SC811 has 9.6V rising, 8.2V falling OVP thresholds for general purpose charging
with low cost adaptors. The SC813 has 6V rising, 5.6V falling OVP thresholds for customers utilizing
charging adapters with specific cations that are similar to a USB Vbus supply. The SC811 and SC813
differ only in OVP threshold. Please consult Semtech website for more detailed information on the device.
6.3.9 Battery GT423450AR
Battery used in the sensor node is GT423450AR from GTNY. The GT423450AR is a Li-ion rechargeable
battery pack, with 3.7V 800mAh output, which is used in mobile and any other handheld devices. This
battery had past Material Safety test, Cargo Transportation test, and UN38.3 test. Picture below shows
the test report. Please consult with GTNY in Shenzhen for more details.
Figure 7: Passed test report of battery GT423450AR
7 LoRa sensor node Demo Software
The LoRa sensor node is normally delivered fully programmed and is ready to be used. While the current
software is still being worked on, it is already an advanced snapshot of the LoRa sensor node capability.
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The current implementation is based around the LoRaWAN which takes all its values when operated in
conjunction with LoRa Gateway and LoRa Server (a simple LoRa receiver can nevertheless be used to
receive the LoRa sensor node packets).
7.1 Sensor node Firmware Upgrade
Although there is a SWIM port for SW download inside the node, using the bootloader to upgrade the
firmware is strongly suggested. Please ask for the newest firmware from local Semtech FAE.
Paragraph below show the details how to upgrade the firmware for the sensor node with bootloader.
7.1.1 Tools Installation
Extract and install “DfuSe” tool, DfuSe_Demo_V3.0.3_Setup.exe for 32 bits PC, DfuSe_Demo_V3.0.3_Se
tup_amd64.exe for 64 bits PC.
Figure 8: DfuSe Demo for bootloader
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7.1.2 Enter Bootloader Mode
To enable bootloader, please hold the radio button first, then press power button, then release both
buttons after SensorNode is powered on, at this time four LEDs on the panel will be turned on.
Hold radio button
then,
Press power button
Figure 9: How to enter bootloader mode with LoRa Sensor Node
7.1.3 Connect SensorNode to PC and Install Driver
Once connected, windows7 will search the driver automatically. Once installed, a STM device could be se
en from Device Manager. If installed failed, please try to install driver manually. The driver is placed at C:
\Program Files (x86)\STMicroelectronics\Software\DfuSe\Driver, if you don’t change the installation di
rectory.
Figure 10: STM32 DFU Installing Driver
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Figure 11: Sensor Node DFU Bootloader Mode
7.1.4 Upgrade
Please follow the pictures below to upgrade. (Note: Please leave verify after download option unchecked)
Firmware is in .dfu format.
Figure 12: DfuSe Panel
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Figure 13: Dfu Firmware Choosed
Figure 14: Confirm to Upgrade
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Figure 15: Erasing when bootloader
Figure 16: Downloading when bootloader
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Figure 17: bootloader successful
7.2 Payload Format
The implemented software is based around the GPS and the MPL3115A2 and the packets payload is
composed of 16 bytes. Of course, this payload is only given as an example and the user is free to change
it or to add further information coming from other sensors: The current payload is composed of:
Byte [0]
>
Value:
0x00 or 0x01
The first byte of the payload indicates the status of LED “FCT” on the face of the node which is
controllable from the LoRaServer. The server can remotely switch this LED ON or OFF.
Byte [1]
Byte [2]
>
>
Value:
Value:
MSB of the MPL3115A2 measured atmospheric pressure
LSB of the MPL3115A2 measured atmospheric pressure
Byte 1 and 2 represent the atmospheric pressure in dPa (deci-Pascal) as it is measured through the
MPL3115A2. This value can easily be divided by 10 to get the standard hPa value.
Byte [3]
Byte [4]
>
>
Value:
Value:
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MSB of the MPL3115A2 measured Temperature
LSB of the MPL3115A2 measured Temperature
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Byte 3 and 4 represent the signed value of the temperature (x 100) as it is measured through the
MPL3115A2. This value can easily be divided by 100 to get the temperature with decimal values
Byte [5]
Byte [6]
>
>
Value:
Value:
MSB of the MPL3115A2 measured Altitude
LSB of the MPL3115A2 measured Altitude
Byte 5 and 6 represent the signed value of the altitude (x 10) as it is measured through the MPL3115A2.
This value can easily be divided by 10 to get the altitude with decimal values. It is important to notice that
the value returned is not calibrated. The MPL3115A2 returns the estimate altitude relative to the
atmospheric pressure. Depending on the measurement condition, the value may be within plus or minus
100m. Please, refer to the component datasheet for more details.
Byte [7]
>
Value:
0x00 to 0xFF, battery level
The seventh byte of the payload indicates the status of the battery. The status of the battery is returned
as described in the LoRaWAN specification:
0x00:
The device is connected to an external power source
0x01 to 0xFE: The battery level, 1 being the minimum and 254 the maximum.
This measurement is a linearized discharge function of the battery and is thus
battery dependent
0xFF:
The LoRa sensor node was not able to read the battery level
Byte [8]
Byte [9]
Byte [10]
>
>
>
Value:
Value:
Value:
MSB of the SIM39EA received Latitude
CSB of the SIM39EA received Latitude
LSB of the SIM39EA received Latitude
Byte 8, 9 and 10 represent the latitude as defined by the LoRaWAN specification. The north-south latitude
is encoded using a signed 24 bit word where -223 corresponds to 90°south (the South Pole) and 223 - 1
corresponds to 90°north (the North Pole). The equator corresponds to 0.
Byte [11]
Byte [12]
Byte [13]
>
>
>
Value:
Value:
Value:
MSB of the SIM39EA received Longitude
CSB of the SIM39EA received Longitude
LSB of the SIM39EA received Longitude
Byte 8, 9 and 10 represent the longitude as defined by the LoRaWAN specification. The east-west
longitude is encoded using a signed 24 bit word where - 223 corresponds to 180° west and 223 - 1
corresponds to 180°east. The Greenwich meridian corresponds to 0.
Byte [14]
Byte [15]
>
>
Value:
Value:
MSB of the SIM39EA received Altitude
LSB of the SIM39EA received Altitude
Byte 14 and 15 represent the value of the altitude (in meters) as it is received through the SIM39EA.
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Table 1: An example for node data to GW
LED
Function Status
(FCT)
byte
num
example
Air pressure
Temperature
Altitude
Battery
Level
GPS latitude
GPS longitude
Gps
Altitude
byte00 byte01 byte02 byte03 byte04 byte05 byte06 byte07 byte08 byte09 byte10 byte11 byte12 byte13 byte14 byte15
00
Value FCT off
25
db
2273.3hPa
09
ab
24.75℃
0b
78
2936m
a9
42
67%
da
43.81306°
7a
04
f4
2d
3.24653°
01
b0
432m
Figure 18: The data on IOT server from sensor node
7.3 PER Analysis
It is also important to notice that some of the LoRaWAN protocol frames can be used to perform network
testing such a PER test. A PER test can be perform thanks to the sequence number which is maintained
between the LoRa Server and the LoRa sensor node. Every packet send from the LoRa sensor node is
numbered and thus can be extracted from the LoRaWAN on the server side to perform the PER analysis.
For more information on the sequence numbering or on any other aspect of the protocol, please refer to
the LoRaWAN specifications
7.4 LoRaWAN Configuration
With LoRaMoteConfig.exe tool, customer could configure the sensor node with new parameters like
frequency channel, RXWIN2, DevAddr, Key, OTAA mode, ABP mode and so on.
For this part, please refer to “LoRaMote_SensorNode_ConfigGUI_usersguide.pdf” for more details.
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8 LoRaWAN transceiver energy profile
The figure below shows the power consumption of the LoRaWAN transceiver (SX1276+
STM32L151C8u6). The code is organized so that the MCU and all peripherals are in sleep mode most of
the time. The blue line shows the current consumption of the RF module across a 10 ohm resistor (L6 on
the schematics is a magnetic bead which can be removed to allow measuring the current).
MCU before sleeping
RX Window 1 SF12
RX Window 2 SF9
Tx at SF12
Sensors
Active
Figure 19: RF module Energy Profile
For details information on the LoRa protocol, it is advised to read the LoRaWAN specifications. The
principal aspect of the protocol is the opening of two reception windows after each transmission.
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The figure below highlights the timing of the events:
Sensor power
consumption
(duration and
power consumption
is sensor
dependent)
The Rx Window 1 is opened exactly 1s
after the end of the Tx
The Rx Window 1 is
opened for 5 symbols at
SF12.
Tx duration is
SF dependent
The Rx Window 2 is
opened for 5 symbols at
SF9.
Delay between Tx
The Rx Window 2 is opened exactly 2s after
the end of the Tx if no packet was received
during the first Rx Window
Figure 20: Power Consumption Across Time
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The figure below highlights the power consumption of the RF module during a successful reception.
Here the Rx Window is only opened once
and its duration is longer as it is staying
active for the length of the packet
The Rx Window 2 is not present
as a packet has been received
Figure 21: Power Consumption with successful Rx
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When the ADR (Adaptative Data Rate) is active, the Gateway can send the information to the Node to
switch to a lower SF. Here, the power consumption is greatly reduced during the transmission and
reception as the SF is much lower.
The difference is transmission time, and thus
power consumption, is greatly reduced as
the SF goes lower
The same goes for the Rx
Windows
Figure 22: Power Consumption at SF7
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Revision History
Rev #
0.1
0.2
0.3
Date
2014-11-21
2014-12-18
2015-11-23
Editor
R.Lei
R.Lei
R.Lei
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Changes
Creation for draft
Add Product specifications
Update with Sensor node v4
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© Semtech 2014
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Contact Information
Semtech Corporation
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Phone: (805) 498-2111 Fax: (805) 498-3804
E-mail: sales@semtech.com
support_rf@semtech.com
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