HMC980LP4E

HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Features • Automatic Gate voltage adjustment (No Calibration required) Supply Voltage (5V to 16.5V) Bias both Enhancement or Depletion type devices • • • • Adjustable Drain Current up to 1.6 A Sink or source gate current Internal negative voltage generation • • • • • Can be disabled to use external negative rail Fast Enable/Disable Trigger-out Output for Daisy Chain Power-Up and Power-Down Sequencing Over/Under Current Alarm with built-in hystresis 24 Lead 4mmx4mm QFN Package: 16mm2 • • Typical Applications • • • • • • • Microwave Radio & VSAT Military & Space Test Instrumentation Fiber Optic Modulator Driver Biasing CATV Laser Driver Biasing Cellular Base Station Wireless Infrastructure Equipment 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Functional Diagram General Description HMC980LP4E is an active bias controller that can automatically adjust the gate voltage of an external amplifier to achieve constant bias current. With an integrated controller, HMC980LP4E achieves safe power on/off, disable/enable and automatic supply sequencing ensuring the safety of the external amplifier. It can be used to bias any enhancement and depletion type amplifier operating in Class-A regime with drain voltages (VDRAIN) from 5V to 16.5V and drain currents (IDRAIN) up to 1.6 A, offering a complete biasing solution. HMC980LP4E achieves excellent bias stability over supply, temperature and process variations, and eliminates the required calibration procedures usually employed to prevent RF performance degradation due to such variations. The HMC980LP4E is housed in an RoHS compliant 4x4 mm QFN leadless package with an exposed backside pad to improve thermal characteristics. 13 - 1 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Electrical Specifications, TA = +25°C, VDD=12V, VDIG= 3.3V, Depletion Master Unless Otherwise Noted Parameter Supply Voltage Symbol Vdd VDD = 5V VDD Quiescent Current IDD VDD = 12V VDIG Quiescent Current Charge Pump Oscillator Frequency Voltage Reference Enable Input Threshold S0, S1 Input Threshold VDRAIN Characteristics S1=S0=GND DRAIN Current Adjustment Range IDRAIN S1=GND, S0=VDIG S1=VDIG, S0=GND S1=VDIG, S0=VDIG DRAIN Current Change Over Digital Voltage DRAIN Current Change Over Temperature DRAIN Range VDRAIN Change Over Temperature VNEG Characteristics Negative Voltage Output VNEG Current Sink VGATE Characteristics GATE Current Supply VGATE Low Level VGATE High Level VG2 Characteristics VG2VG2>2V VG2>6V VG2 Adjustment Range VDIG Characteristics Adjustment Range VDIG Quiescent Current SW Characteristics S1=S0=GND Internal Switch Resistance RDS_ON S1=GND, S0=VDIG S1=VDIG, S0=GND S1=VDIG, S0=VDIG 2.8 1.55 0.85 0.7 Ohm Ohm Ohm Ohm VDIG IDIG VDD= 12V, VDIG=EN =3.3 V 3.3 3.5 5 V mA VG2 -0.1 -1 -5 1 0.1 1 5 VDD-1.3 mA mA mA V IG VG_MIN VG_MAX -4 VNEG VNEG+4.5 4 mA V V VNEG INEG 0 -2.46 60 V mA ΔIDRAINV VDRAIN ΔVDRAIN VDRAIN set to 12V, IDRAIN set to 400 mA VDRAIN set to 12V, IDRAIN set to 400 mA 5 0.02 0.05 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.023 16.5 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.6 A A A A %/V %/C V %/C IDIG FOSC VREF ENTHRS SWTHRS Vinlow Vinhigh Vinlow Vinhigh 1.4 1.4 1 EN = VDIG EN = GND EN = VDIG EN = GND Conditions Min. 5 19 7.5 20 9 3.5 6.5 300 1.44 1 Typ. Max. 16.5 Units V mA mA mA mA mA mA kHz V V V V V VDIG= 3.3 V VDIG= 5 V 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 - 2 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Bias Current Accuracy[2] 1475 1450 1425 IDrain is set to: 1409mA Bias Current Accuracy[1] 405 400 395 IDrain is set to: 388mA IDRAIN (mA) IDRAIN (mA) 390 385 380 375 370 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 VDIG (V) 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 +25 C +85 C -40 C 1400 1375 1350 1325 1300 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 VDIG (V) 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 5 +25 C +85 C -40 C 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Power Up Waveform 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 0 10 20 30 Shutdown Waveform 14 12 10 VDD(V) VDRAIN (V) VDIG (V) VG2 (V) VNEG (V) VGATE (V) VOLTAGE (V) VOLTAGE (V) 70 80 90 100 VDD (V) VDRAIN (V) VDIG(V) VG2 (V) VNEG (V) VGATE (V) 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 40 50 60 TIME (ms) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TIME (ms) 140 160 180 200 Enable Waveform 16 12 8 Disable Waveform 14 12 10 EN(V) VDRAIN (V) VG2 (V) VNEG (V) VGATE (V) VOLTAGE (V) VOLTAGE (V) EN(V) VDRAIN (V) VG2 (V) VNEG (V) VGATE (V) 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 4 0 -4 -8 -12 0 1 2 3 TIME (ms) 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 TIME (ms) 8 9 10 [1] HMC637LP5 is used as external amplifier [2] HMC591LP5 is used as external amplifier 13 - 3 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Load Regulation @ VDD=5V, VDIG=3.3V, SW0=3.3V, SW1=GND 6 Load Regulation @ VDD=5V, VDIG=3.3V, SW0=GND, SW1=GND 6 5 5 VDRAIN (V) 4 VDRAIN (V) 4 3 +25C +85C -40C 3 +25C +85C -40C 2 50 100 150 200 250 300 2 300 350 400 450 IDRAIN (mA) 500 550 600 IDRAIN (mA) 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 +25C +85C -40C 14 +25C +85C -40C 13 600 700 800 900 IDRAIN (mA) 1000 1100 1200 13 1200 1300 1400 IDRAIN (mA) 1500 1600 VNEG Load Regulation @ VDD=5V -2 VNEG Load Regulation @ VDD=16.5V -2 -2.1 -2.1 +25 C +85 C -40 C VNEG (V) VNEG (V) -2.2 -2.2 -2.3 -2.3 -2.4 +25 C +85 C -40 C -2.4 -2.5 0 5 10 15 INEG (mA) 20 25 30 -2.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 INEG (mA) For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 13 - 4 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Load Regulation @ VDD=16.5V, VDIG=5.0V, SW0=GND, SW1=VDIG Load Regulation @ VDD=16.5V, VDIG=5.0V, SW0=VDIG, SW1=VDIG 13 VDRAIN (V) VDRAIN (V) HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT VNEG Load Transient VDD=16.5V 40 30 20 VNEG Load Transient VDD=5V -2.2 -2.25 -2.3 -2.2 -2.25 -2.3 40 30 20 10 0 VNEG (V) VNEG (V) -2.35 -2.4 -2.45 -2.5 -2.55 -2.6 0 1 2 3 4 5 TIME (ms) 6 7 8 9 10 0 -2.35 -2.4 -2.45 -2.5 -2.55 -2.6 0 1 2 3 4 5 TIME (ms) 6 7 8 9 INEG (mA) -10 -20 -30 -40 10 INEG (mA) -10 -20 -30 -40 10 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 0 -0.25 -0.5 VGATE Load Regulation @ VDD=12V [1] VG2 Load Regulation @ VDD=12V [2] 10 9 VG2=0.97V VG2=1.81V VG2=3.73V VG2=6.68V IDrain is set to : 388mA IDrain is set to : 388mA 8 7 VGATE (V) VG2 (V) +25C +85C -40C 6 5 4 3 2 1 -0.75 -1 -1.25 -1.5 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 IG2 (mA) 2 4 6 8 IG (mA) VNEG Line Regulation vs. Supply Voltage -2.44 No load condition -2.46 VNEG (V) -2.48 +25C +85C -40C -2.5 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) [1] HMC637LP5 is used as external amplifier [2] HMC637LP5 is used as external amplifier 13 - 5 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Absolute Maximum Ratings VDD S0, S1, EN, ALM, VREF, VNEGFB, VGATEFB, TRIG_OUT, ISENSE, ALML, ISET, ALMH, FIXBIAS CP_VDD CP_OUT, VG2_CONT, VG2, VDRAIN VDIG VNEG VGATE Junction Temperature Continuous Pdiss (T = 85 °C) (Derate 94.79 mW/°C above 85 °C) 18V -0.5V to VDIG + 0.5V VDD-0.5V to VDD+0.5V -0.5V to VDD + 0.5V 5.5V -4V to GND VNEG to GND 125 °C 3.8 Watt Thermal Resistance (RTH) (Junction to package bottom) Storage Temperature Operating Temperature ESD Sensitivity (HBM) 10.6 °C/W -65 to +150 °C -40 to +85 °C Class 1A Note that there are two different voltage domains on HMC980LP4E; a high voltage domain Vdd, and a low voltage domain VDIG. Take necessary precautions not to violate ABS MAX ratings of each subdomains. Outline Drawing NOTES: 1. PACKAGE BODY MATERIAL: LOW STRESS INJECTION MOLDED PLASTIC SILICA AND SILICON IMPREGNATED. 2. LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY. 3. LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE PLATING: 100% MATTE TIN 4. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES [MILLIMETERS]. 5. LEAD SPACING TOLERANCE IS NON-CUMULATIVE. 6. PAD BURR LENGTH SHALL BE 0.15mm MAX. PAD BURR HEIGHT SHALL BE 0.05mm MAX. 7. PACKAGE WARP SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.05mm 8. ALL GROUND LEADS AND GROUND PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB RF GROUND. 9. REFER TO HITTITE APPLICATION NOTE FOR SUGGESTED PCB LAND PATTERN. Package Information Part Number HMC980LP4E Package Body Material RoHS-compliant Low Stress Injection Molded Plastic Lead Finish 100% matte Sn MSL Rating MSL1 [2] Package Marking [1] H980 XXXX [1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX [2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 °C For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 13 - 6 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE OBSERVE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS 13 HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Pin Descriptions Pin Number 1,2 Function VDD Description Bias supply Pin. Connect supply voltage to this pin with appropriate filtering. Control pins for internal switch resistance. If left floating, default to HIGH. Refer to Table-1 in Application Notes for recommended settings Interface Schematic 3.4 S0,S1 5 EN Enable pin. Bias control loop is enabled when Ven is HIGH(VDIG). If left floating, Ven defaults to HIGH (enabled). 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 6 ALM Over/under current alarm. Provides an active high signal (VDIG) if the quiescent bias exceed the upper threshold or drops below the lower threshold. 19 TRIGOUT Trigger out signal. Generates a HIGH (3.3V) signal when the active bias system stabilizes. This signal can be used to trigger next device (ENABLE) if more than one HMC980LP4E is used in a daisy chain. Bias supply for negative voltage generator. Connect supply voltage with appropriate filtering. CP_VDD supply voltage should be same as VDD 7 CP_VDD 8 CP_OUT Negative voltage generator charge pump output. Negative voltage generator requires a flying capacitor, a reservoir capacitor and two diodes to operate. 9 VDIG 3.3V-5V Digital Bias supply Pin. Connect supply voltage to this pin with appropriate filtering.. 10 VREF 1.44V reference voltage. 13 - 7 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Pin Descriptions (Continued) Pin Number Function Description Feedback (Control) pin for Negative Voltage Generator Charge Pump. Float to activate the negative voltage generator / Short to GND to disable the negative voltage generator. Interface Schematic 11 VNEGFB 12 VGATEFB Control pin for VGATEFB. Float VGATEFB when a depletion mode transistor is biased. Selects the mode of operation along with VNEGFB pin. 13 VG2_CONT Control voltage of the second gate pin VG2. Use a resistor divider between VDD and GND to set the voltage. VG2 is typically 1.3V lower than the VG2CONT 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 - 8 14 VG2 Second gate control. 15 VNEG Negative input to the chip. Should be supplied with CPOUT when negative voltage generator is enabled, or connect to external VSS when negative voltage generator is enabled. Defaults to -2.5V. If a value different than -2.5V required, please contact factory. 16 VGATE Gate Control pin for external amplifier. Connect to the gate (base) of the external amplifier. In order to guarantee stability, a 2.2μF capacitor should be connected between the gate (base) terminal of the external amplifier and GND as close to the amplifier as possible. 17, 18 VDRAIN Drain voltage. Should be connected to the supply terminal of the external amplifier. A minimum 10 nF capacitor has to be placed close to the external amplifier to improve load regulation. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Pin Descriptions (Continued) Pin Number Function Description Interface Schematic 20 ISENSE Drain current adjustment pin. To adjust the bias current of the external amplifier connect a resistor (Rsense) from ISENSE pin to GND according to eqn(2) on page 13-15. A high precision resistor (e.g. 0.5%, ±25 ppm TCR) is recommended for good bias accuracy. 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 21 ALML A high precision resistor (e.g. 0.5%, ±25 ppm TCR) to GND is recommended for good bias accuracy. The value of the resistor sets the threshold value for under current alarm. If alarm feature is not used ALML can be shorted to ISet. 22 ISET A high precision resistor (e.g. 0.5%, ±25 ppm TCR) between ALML and ISet is recommended for good bias accuracy. The total external resistance from ISet pin to GND should always be equal to 5 k Ω. 23 ALMH A high precision resistor (e.g. 0.5%, ±25 ppm TCR) to ISet pin is recommended for good bias accuracy. The value of the resistor sets the threshold. If alarm feature is not used ALMH can be shorted to ISet. 13 - 9 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Pin Number Function Description Interface Schematic 24 FIXBIAS A high precision (e.g. 0.5%, ±25 ppm TCR) 10K resistor to ground is recommended for good bias accuracy. 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 13 - 10 HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Evaluation Board Circuit 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Notes: [1] A variable resistor is assembled on R10 slot to adjust bias current for evaluating various different amplifiers without soldering. 13 - 11 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Evaluation PCB GND TP12 TP1 VDD S0 S1 TP5 EN TP6 ALM 600-00098-00 R14 R11 R13 R12 R10 TRIGOUT TP11 TP10 TP9VDRAIN C8 TP3 TP4 C1 C2 C3 D1 C7 VDIG R4 C6 C5 C4 TP7 R3 C9 VGATE VG2 TP8 TP2 GND 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 - 12 List of Materials for Evaluation PCB EVAL01-HMC980LP4E [1] Item TP1-12 C1, C4 C2, C5, C9 C3 C6 C7 C8 D1 R3 R4 R10 R11, R12 R13 R14 U1 PCB [2] Description Test Point 4.7 µF Capacitor, 1210 Pkg. 10 nF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. 100 pF Capacitor, 0402 Pkg. 1 µF Capacitor, 0603 Pkg. 10 µF Capacitor, 0603 Pkg. 2.2 µF Capacitor, X5R Pkg. Dual Series Shottky Barrier Diode, BAT54SLT1 5.1k Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg 3.3k Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. Trim Potentiometer 301 Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. 4.7k Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. 10k Ohm Resistor, 0402 Pkg. HMC980LP4E Switch Type ABC-High Current Version-1 EVAL01-HMC980LP4E Evaluation PCB [1] Reference this number when ordering complete evaluation PCB [2] Circuit Board Material: FR4 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Application Notes Detailed Description All amplifiers require stable quiescent current to operate at their specifications. Many amplifiers in the market require external biasing to achieve stable quiscent current. HMC980LP4E is a fully integrated biasing solution for such amplifiers.With an internal feedback, the automatic gate voltage control achieves constant quiescent bias through the amplifier under bias, independent of temperature and amplifier threshold variations. The quiescent current is adjusted with a resistor connected externally. The HMC980LP4E employs an integrated control circuitry to manage safe power-up and power-down sequencing of the targeted amplifier. The HMC980LP4E can provide auto-bias solution to virtually any amplifier in the market (both enhancement and depletion type) with a quiescent current of up to 1.6A and a supply voltage of up to 16.5V. 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT The HMC980LP4E has an integrated negative voltage generator to create negative voltages required to drive depletion mode amplifiers. If an external negative supply is already available or an enhancement mode device is targeted, the negative voltage generator can be disabled. The HMC980LP4E achieves excellent bias stability over supply and temperature variations. The gate control can both sink and source current (±4 mA) which is required to compensate for charging gate current of the amplifier over input power variations. The HMC980LP4E also generates a second gate voltage VG2. VG2 can be adjusted through a resistor divider connected to VDD for the amplifiers which require second gate voltage. The HMC980LP4E ensures safety of the external amplifier during turn on/off by automatically adjusting the sequence of VDRAIN, VGATE and VG2 outputs. The HMC980LP4E has a built-in over-under current alarm feature. If a fault conditions arises (either under or over current) an alarm signal is generated (ALM, active HIGH). The current alarm signal provided in HMC980LP4E does not affect the operation of the controller. It is included for monitoring purposes where a system level protection can be implemented with external control circuitry. The HMC980LP4E employs S0, S1 pins to control RDS_ON resistance of the internal switch between VDD and VDRAIN. Refer to the section under the “Supply and Drain Voltage” section for details. The HMC980LP4E has a built-in self protection feature to protect itself against short circuit conditions at the VDRAIN output. The HMC980LP4E has also a built-in VNEG fault protection feature to protect both itself and the amplifier under bias against short circuit conditions at the VNEG pin. Digital Power Supply (VDIG) The HMC980LP4E requires an external low voltage bias rail (3.3V to 5.0V). VDIG powers the internal logic circuitry. VDIG draws and average of 3.5 mA from a 3.3V. VDIG can accept voltages up to 5.0V. Supply and Drain Voltage (VDD and VDRAIN) The VDD supply to the HMC980LP4E is directly connected to the VDRAIN output through an internal MOSFET switch. This internal MOSFET is controlled through power-up sequencing which ensures that no voltage is applied to the drain of the external amplifier until the gate voltage is pulled down to VNEG (ensuring external amplifier is pinched-off). The VDRAIN output of the HMC980LP4E should be connected to the drain (collector) of the amplifier under bias for the active bias control feedback and power-up/down sequencing to operate properly. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 13 - 13 HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT There will be a voltage drop from VDD to VDRAIN due to finite RDS_ON resistance of the internal switch. To compensate for this voltage drop choose the VDD value as shown in equation (1). VDD = VDRAIN + IDRAIN x RDS_ON (1) where VDRAIN is the supply voltage of the external amplifier and IDRAIN is the desired constant bias current through the external amplifier. Note that RDS_ON resistance of the internal FET switch can be adjusted through S0, S1 pins based on the DRAIN current requirement as shown in table-1. RDS_ON is typically equal to 0.7 Ohm when S0 and S1 are pulled up to VDIG, and is typically equal to 2.8 Ohm when S0 and S1 are pulled down to GND. If S0 and S1 pins are left floating, it is pulled up to VDIG through an internal weak pull-up. Recommended settings for the S0 and S1 positions are given in Table-1. Not using the HMC980LP4E in the recommended settings may increase the power dissipation of the part and the part-to-part variation. Table 1. Recomended Current Range Configuration Current Range (A) 0.05 to 0.3 0.3 to 0.6 0.6 to 1.2 1.2 to 1.6 Condition S1=S0=GND S1=GND, S0=VDIG S1=VDIG, S0=GND S1=VDIG, S0=VDIG RD_ON Value (Ohm) 2.8 1.55 0.85 0.7 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 - 14 Negative Voltage Generator (VNEGOUT) The HMC980LP4E has internal regulated charge pump circuitry to generate the negative voltage (VNEGOUT) required for depletion mode devices. The HMC980LP4E generates -2.5V at the VNEGOUT output in default configuration. It requires two diodes and two capacitors connected externally as shown in the sample application schematics. It can be disabled through the VGATEFB and VNEGFB pins, if an enhancement device is targeted or a negative supply is already available in the system. In this configuration, simply connect the available negative supply to the VNEG pin. See Table-2 for the operation mode selection. The HMC980LP4E is designed to reject the ripple on the VNEGOUT pin by isolating VNEGOUT from the VGATE. Thus, switching noise of the charge-pump is effectively isolated from the external amplifier. Enable/Disable (EN) The active bias control loop is enabled when EN is pulled up to VDIG, and it is disabled when it is pulled down to GND. If EN is left floating HMC980LP4E is enabled through an internal weak pull-up. Note that VNEG operation is independent of EN condition. EN signal controls the operation of only VGATE, VG2 and VDRAIN outputs. When EN pulled down to GND, the HMC980LP4E discharges VDRAIN and VG2 down to GND and it pulls the VGATE down to VNEG. When EN pulled high to VDIG, HM980LP4E enables, VDRAIN and VG2, and enables the bias control loop to automatically adjust the VGATE voltage. Please see the “Active Bias Control Loop” section for detailed explanation and refer to the Enable and Disable waveforms for transient characteristics. Active Bias Control Loop The HMC980LP4E regulates the bias current (IDRAIN) of the amplifier under bias through VGATE output connected to the gate of the external amplifier. In this closed loop operation the current passing through the amplifier under bias is sampled and is used to automatically adjust VGATE to achieve constant quiescent bias through the external amplifier. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT The HMC980LP4E continuously adjusts VGATE voltage to achieve constant DRAIN current over any supply, temperature, process variations and threshold drifts due to aging. The part-to-part, temperature, and supply variation of the HMC980LP4E is excellent. Thus, by using an accurate sense resistor connected to the ISENSE pin, expensive calibration procedures in high volume production could be avoided. The gate control of the HMC980LP4E is designed to both sink and source current in to the gate of the targeted amplifier (at least ±4 mA). This unique feature is important to achieve nearly constant quiescent bias through the amplifier under varying gate current at different input power values. The bias current passing through the external amplifier can be adjusted with RSENSE, where RSENSE is the R10 connected from ISENSE to GND. Use the relation given in equation (2) to set the desired bias current through the external amplifier. IDRAIN=150/Rsense (A) (2) 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT VG2 Voltage Adjustment The HMC980LP4E generates a second gate voltage (VG2). VG2 can be adjusted through a resistor divider connected to VG2_CONT for the amplifiers which require second gate voltage. Eqn. (3) gives the formula to adjust VG2: VG2(V)= VDD*R4/(R3+R4) - 1.3 (3) For instance, choosing 5.1k Ohm as R3 and 3.3k Ohm as R4 sets VG2 voltage to 3.4V when VDD=12V. For improved accuracy, choose resistor values below 5k Ohm on R3. Self Protection Feature Due to the small resistance of the internal switch FET between VDD and VDRAIN, a large amount of current may flow through the HMC980LP4E. HMC980LP4E limits the maximum current to self protect itself under such fault conditions, by turning off VDRAIN and VGATE. The HMC980LP4E will remain in this protection mode until a full power-cycle or enable/disable cycle is applied. VNEG Fault Detection Feature In depletion mode operation VNEG is continuously monitored against short circuit fault to GND. If VNEG rises above a preset value (typically -0.6V) the system and the external amplifier are disabled by pulling VDRAIN and VG2 to GND and VGATE to VNEG. The system will stay in this stand-by mode until short fault at VNEG is fixed. Over/Under Current Alarm The HMC980LP4E provides over and under current alarm indicator ALM (pin#6) signal. The ALM is pulled up to VDIG when the IDRAIN current exceeds ± 6% (With the given R11, R12, and R13 values in application circuit) of IDRAIN regulation target value as shown in Figure 1. The alarm threshold level is user adjustable through R11,R12, and R13 according to the following equations: Over current ALM Threshold = Iocth = IDRAIN (1+R11/(R12+R13)), Under current ALM Threshold = Iucth = IDRAIN (1-R12/(R12+R13)) , where R12+R13 should always be equal to 5 kΩ (%1 accuracy) Threshold values possess a small built-in hysterisis. The condition of ALM signal does not effect the operation of HMC980LP4E. It is provided only for monitoring purposes. 13 - 15 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Over current Set current Under current 13 ALARM Figure 1. Current Alarm Behavior Power-up and Enable Sequencing To ensure the safety of the external amplifier, the HMC980LP4E provides an automatic power-up sequence for enabling the active bias control loop. During start-up VDRAIN and VG2 are kept at GND while VGATE is taken to the most negative supply available (VGATE=VNEG). This ensures that external amplifier is completely pinched-off before VDRAIN is applied. When EN signal is received, VDRAIN is applied and the active bias loop is enabled. After the VDRAIN is applied, VG2 is generated. The power-up sequence is completed by increasing the VGATE linearly until the set IDRAIN value is reached. For power-down and disabling, the same sequencing is applied in the reverse order. Daisy-Chain Operation HMC980LP4E produces a trigger out signal (TRIGOUT pin#19) when the quiscent current is in regulation. This trigger signal can be used to enable additional HMC980LP4E chips in a chain of amplifiers. The triggering sequence can be routed in any way, from input to output, or from output to input depending on the use. Figure-2 shows a sample use of three HMC980LP4Es in an amplification chain. Please note that, only one of the HMC980LP4E (in master mode) is used to generate the negative voltage and the remaining HMC980LP4E (in slave mode) is set to receive external negative voltage (which is provided from the master depletion mode HMC980LP4E). Generating negative voltage from a single HMC980LP4E reduces the number of the components in the system, and decreases the over all current consumption. Please note that, to ensure proper start-up, the system enable signal should be applied to the depletion master mode device that has the negative voltage generator. For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 13 - 16 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Figure 2. Daisy Chain Operation Operation Modes HMC980LP4E can be configured to bias both enhancement and depletion mode external amplifiers. The mode of operation can be selected by setting two pins (VNEGFB, VGATEFB) as tabulated in Table-2. The connection to the VNEGIN should be adjusted accordingly. In order not to bias external amplifier in a wrong region, please make sure that the correct mode of operation is selected before powering up the HMC980LP4E. The HMC980LP4E does not allow the internal negative voltage generator to work if an enhancement mode is selected. Therefore, if VNEGFB is left floating while VGATEFB is grounded, HMC980LP4E will stay in standby mode. Please note that in depletion slave mode the external negative voltage should be between -2.3V to -3.5V for HMC980LP4E to operate. If your application requires negative voltages outside this range please contact Hittite application support. Table 2. Mode Selection VNEGFB MODE1 (Depletion/Master Mode) FLOAT VGATEFB FLOAT VNEGIN Connected to VNEGOUT Description Depletion mode transistor. Internal negative voltage generator is active and generates -2.5V. Sample application schematic given shown in Fig.3a. Depletion mode transistor. Internal negative voltage generator is disabled. An external negative voltage less than -2.3V should be connected to VNEGIN. Sample application schematic given shown in Fig.3b. Not allowed. HMC980LP4E stays in standby. Enhancement mode transistor. Internal negative voltage generator is disabled. Sample application schematic given shown in Fig.3c. MODE2 (Depletion/Slave Mode) --MODE3 (Enhancement Mode) GND FLOAT Connected to External VSS N/A Connected to GND FLOAT GND GND GND 13 - 17 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 - 18 Figure 3a. Depletion/Master Mode Amplifier Typical Application Circuit (Mode 1) Figure 3b. Depletion/Slave Mode Amplifier Typical Application Circuit (Mode 2) For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Figure 3c. Enhancement Mode Amplifier Typical Application Circuit (Mode 3) For biasing Hittite amplifiers compatable with HMC980LP4E refer to the Table 3, where values of the external components are provided on typical application circuit shown in Figure 3a. Table 3 - List of Bias Settings for Various Hittite Amplifiers Hittite Part Number VDRAIN (V) 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 VDD (V) 5.83 5.08 5.15 5.56 5.56 6.28 6.28 6.48 6.48 5.15 5.22 5.34 5.24 5.24 IDRAIN (mA) 295 30 55 200 200 100 100 170 170 55 80 120 85 84 RSENSE (kOhm) 0.508 LNAs HMC-ALH435 HMC-ALH444 HMC490 HMC490LP5 HMC594 HMC594LC3B HMC609 HMC609LC4 HMC753LP4E HMC-ABH209 HMC-ABH264 HMC442 HMC442LC3B 5.000 2.727 0.750 0.750 1.500 1.500 0.882 0.882 2.727 Linear & Power 1.875 1.250 1.765 1.786 open open open open open open open open GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND 6.13 5.95 open open open open open open 5.95 5 5 open open open open open open 5 1.5 1.5 1.5 GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND R4 (kOhm) open R3 (kOhm) open VG2 (V) S1 S0 Gain Blocks & Drivers HMC-AUH256 GND GND 13 - 19 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Table 3 - List of Bias Settings for Various Hittite Amplifiers (Continued) Hittite Part Number HMC442LM1 HMC499 HMC499LC4 HMC-ABH241 HMC-APH403 HMC-APH460 HMC-APH462 HMC-APH473 HMC-APH478 HMC-APH510 HMC-APH518 HMC-APH596 HMC-APH608 HMC486 HMC486LP5 / HMC486LP5E HMC487LP5 / HMC487LP5E HMC489LP5 / HMC489LP5E HMC498 HMC498LC4 HMC590 HMC590LP5 / HMC590LP5E HMC591 HMC591LP5 / HMC591LP5E HMC592 HMC608LC4 HMC693 HMC756 HMC757 HMC757LP4E HMC863 HMC863LP4E HMC864 HMC906 HMC943LP5E HMC949 HMC965LP5E HMC968 HMC969 VDRAIN (V) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 6 6 6 6 5.5 7 6 6 6 VDD (V) 5.24 5.56 5.56 5.62 5.74 5.77 6.22 5.92 5.77 5.99 5.81 6.12 5.81 8.11 8.11 8.11 8.11 5.70 5.70 7.70 7.70 8.14 8.14 8.16 5.87 6.24 8.22 8.11 6.12 7.05 7.05 7.16 7.02 6.52 8.02 7.02 6.77 6.77 IDRAIN (mA) 85 200 200 220 475 900 1440 1080 900 640 950 400 950 1300 1300 1300 1300 250 250 820 820 1340 1340 750 310 800 790 395 400 375 375 750 1200 1200 1200 1200 900 900 RSENSE (kOhm) 1.765 0.750 0.750 0.682 0.316 0.167 0.104 0.139 0.167 0.234 0.158 0.375 0.158 0.115 0.115 0.115 0.115 0.600 0.600 0.183 0.183 0.112 0.112 0.200 0.484 0.188 0.190 0.380 0.375 0.400 0.400 0.200 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.125 0.167 0.167 Wideband (Distributed) HMC-AUH232 HMC-AUH249 HMC-AUH312 5 5 8 5.50 5.56 8.17 180 200 60 0.833 0.750 2.500 5.18 5.07 3.06 5 5 5 1.5 1.5 1.8 GND GND GND GND GND GND R4 (kOhm) open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open R3 (kOhm) open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open open VG2 (V) S1 GND GND GND GND GND VDIG VDIG VDIG VDIG GND VDIG GND VDIG VDIG VDIG VDIG VDIG GND GND VDIG VDIG VDIG VDIG GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND VDIG VDIG VDIG VDIG VDIG VDIG S0 GND GND GND GND VDIG GND GND GND GND VDIG GND GND GND GND 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT 13 - 20 GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND VDIG GND VDIG VDIG GND GND GND GND VDIG GND GND GND GND GND GND For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Table 3 - List of Bias Settings for Various Hittite Amplifiers (Continued) Hittite Part Number HMC460 HMC460LC5 HMC463 HMC463LH250 HMC463LP5 HMC465 HMC465LP5 HMC562 HMC633 HMC633LC4 HMC634 HMC634LC4 HMC-930 HMC-459 HMC-464 HMC464LP5 / HMC464LP5E HMC559 HMC619 HMC619LP5 / HMC619LP5E HMC635 HMC635LC4 HMC637 HMC637LP5 / HMC637LP5E HMC659 HMC659LC5 HMC797 HMC797LP5E HMC870LC5 HMC871LC5 VDRAIN (V) 8 8 5 5 5 8 8 8 5 5 5 5 10 8 8 8 10 12 12 5 5 12 12 8 8 10 10 7 8 VDD (V) 8.17 8.21 5.17 5.17 5.17 8.45 8.45 8.22 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 10.49 8.81 8.81 8.81 11.12 12.84 12.84 5.78 5.78 13.12 13.12 8.84 8.84 11.12 11.12 7.46 8.21 IDRAIN (mA) 60 75 60 60 60 160 160 80 180 180 180 180 175 290 290 290 400 300 300 280 280 400 400 300 300 400 400 165 75 RSENSE (kOhm) 2.500 2.000 2.500 2.500 2.500 0.938 0.938 1.875 0.833 0.833 0.833 0.833 0.857 0.517 0.517 0.517 0.375 0.500 0.500 0.536 0.536 0.375 0.375 0.500 0.500 0.375 0.375 0.909 2.000 R4 (kOhm) open open open open open 2.48 2.48 open open open open open 4.22 4.77 4.77 4.77 4.55 4.82 4.82 open open 6.27 4.62 4.74 4.74 3.80 3.80 open open R3 (kOhm) open open open open open 5 5 open open open open open 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 open open 5 5 5 5 5 5 open open VG2 (V) 1.5 1.5 3.5 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 5 3 3 3.5 3.5 S1 GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND S0 GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT Microwave & Optical Drivers 13 - 21 For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com HMC980LP4E v00.0611 ACTIVE BIAS CONTROLLER HIGH CURRENT Notes: 13 BIAS CONTROLLERS - SMT For price, delivery, and to place orders, please contact Hittite Microwave Corporation: 2 Elizabeth Drive, Chelmsford, MA 01824 Phone: 978-250-3343 Fax: 978-250-3373 Order On-line at www.hittite.com 13 - 22