TCA3727

2-Phase Stepper-Motor Driver Bipolar IC TCA 3727 Features • • • • • • • • • 2 × 0.75 amp. / 50 V outputs Integrated driver, control logic and current control (chopper) Fast free-wheeling diodes Max. supply voltage 52 V Outputs free of crossover current Offset-phase turn-ON of output stages Z-diode for logic supply Low standby-current drain Full, half, quarter, mini step Description TCA 3727 is a bipolar, monolithic IC for driving bipolar stepper motors, DC motors and other inductive loads that operate on constant current. The control logic and power output stages for two bipolar windings are integrated on a single chip which permits switched current control of motors with 0.75 A per phase at operating voltages up to 50 V. P-DSO-24-1, -3 The direction and value of current are programmed for each phase via separate control inputs. A common oscillator generates the timing for the current control and turn-on with phase offset of the two output stages. The two output stages in a full-bridge configuration have integrated, fast free-wheeling diodes and are free of crossover current. The logic is supplied either separately with 5 V or taken from the motor supply voltage by way of a series resistor and an integrated Z-diode. The device can be driven directly by a microprocessor with the possibility of all modes from full step through half step to mini step. Type TCA 3727 TCA 3727 G Data Sheet Ordering Code Q67000-A8302 Q67000-A8335 1 Package P-DIP-20-6 P-DSO-24-3 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Ι 10 Ι 11 Phase 1 OSC GND GND Q11 R1 VS Q12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 IEP00696 Ι 20 Ι 21 Phase 2 Inhibit GND GND Q21 R2 VL Q22 Figure 1 Pin Configuration TCA 3727 (top view) Data Sheet 2 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Ι10 Ι11 Phase 1 OSC GND GND GND GND Q11 R1 + VS Q12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 IEP00898 Ι 20 Ι 21 Phase 2 Inhibit GND GND GND GND Q21 R2 +VL Q22 Figure 2 Table 1 Pin No. 1, 2, 19, 20 (1, 2, 23, 24)1) 3 Pin Configuration TCA 3727 G (top view) Pin Definitions and Functions Function Digital control inputs IX0, IX1 for the magnitude of the current of the particular phase. See Table 2. Input Phase 1; controls the current through phase winding 1. On H-potential the phase current flows from Q11 to Q12, on L-potential in the reverse direction. Ground; all pins are connected internally. 5, 6, 15, 16 (5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20)1) 4 8 (10)1) 7, 10 (9, 12)1) Oscillator; works at approx. 25 kHz if this pin is wired to ground across 2.2 nF. Resistor R1 for sensing the current in phase 1. Push-pull outputs Q11, Q12 for phase 1 with integrated freewheeling diodes. Data Sheet 3 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Table 1 Pin No. 9 (11)1) Pin Definitions and Functions (cont’d) Function Supply voltage; block to ground, as close as possible to the IC, with a stable electrolytic capacitor of at least 10 µF in parallel with a ceramic capacitor of 220 nF. Logic supply voltage; either supply with 5 V or connect to +VS across a series resistor. A Z-diode of approx. 7 V is integrated. In both cases block to ground directly on the IC with a stable electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF in parallel with a ceramic capacitor of 100 nF. Push-pull outputs Q22, Q21 for phase 2 with integrated free wheeling diodes. Resistor R2 for sensing the current in phase 2. Inhibit input; the IC can be put on standby by low potential on this pin. This reduces the current consumption substantially. Input phase 2; controls the current flow through phase winding 2. On H-potential the phase current flows from Q21 to Q22, on L potential in the reverse direction. 12 (14)1) 11, 14 (13, 16)1) 13 (15)1) 17 (21)1) 18 (22)1) 1) TCA 3727 G only Table 2 IX1 H H L L IX0 H L H L Digital Control Inputs IX0, IX1 Phase Current 0 1/3 Imax 2/3 Imax Example of Motor Status No current Hold Set Accelerate typical Imax with Rsense = 1 Ω, 750 mA Imax Data Sheet 4 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 + VL 12 4 OSC + VS 9 7 Ι10 1 10 Q11 Phase 1 Q12 Function Logic Phase 1 Ι11 2 Phase 1 3 8 R1 Inhibit 17 Inhibit 14 Q21 Ι 20 20 11 Q22 Phase 2 Function Logic Phase 2 Ι 21 19 Phase 2 18 5, 6, 15, 16 GND 13 R2 IEB00697 Figure 3 Block Diagram TCA 3727 Data Sheet 5 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 + VL 14 4 Oscillator D11 T11 Ι10 1 D13 Ι11 2 Functional Logic Phase 1 T13 + VS 11 D12 T12 9 Q11 Phase 1 D14 T14 12 Q12 Phase 1 3 10 R1 Inhibit 21 Inhibit D21 T21 D22 T22 16 Q21 Ι 20 24 D23 D24 T24 13 T23 Q22 Phase 2 Functional Logic Phase 2 Ι 21 23 Phase 2 22 5-8, 17-19 GND 15 R2 IEB00899 Figure 4 Block Diagram TCA 3727 G Data Sheet 6 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Table 3 Parameter Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Limit Values Min. Max. 52 6.5 50 1 2 V V mA A A – Z-diode – – – IXX; Phase 1, 2; Inhibit – – max. 10,000 h – 0 0 – -1 -2 -6 -0.3 – – -50 Unit Remarks TA = -40 to 125 °C Supply voltage Logic supply voltage Z-current of VL Output current Ground current Logic inputs VS VL IL IQ IGND VIXX VL + 0.3 V VL + 0.3 V 125 150 125 °C °C °C R1, R2, oscillator input voltage VRX, VOSC Junction temperature Tj Storage temperature Tstg Attention: Stresses above those listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Data Sheet 7 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Table 4 Parameter Operating Range Symbol Limit Values Unit Min. Max. 50 6.5 110 V V °C mA V – without series resistor measured on pin 5 Pdiss = 2 W – IXX; Phase 1, 2; Inhibit P-DIP-20-6 P-DIP-20-6 Remarks Supply voltage Logic supply voltage Case temperature Output current Logic inputs Thermal Resistances Junction ambient Junction ambient (soldered on a 35 µm thick 20 cm2 PC board copper area) Junction case Junction ambient Junction ambient (soldered on a 35 µm thick 20 cm2 PC board copper area) Junction case VS VL TC IQ VIXX 5 4.5 -40 -1000 1000 -5 VL Rth ja Rth ja Rth jc Rth ja Rth ja Rth jc – – 56 40 K/W K/W – – – 18 75 50 K/W K/W K/W measured on pin 5 P-DIP-20-6 P-DSO-24-3 P-DSO-24-3 – 15 K/W measured on pin 5 P-DSO-24-3 Note: In the operating range, the functions given in the circuit description are fulfilled. Data Sheet 8 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Table 5 Parameter Characteristics Symbol Min. Limit Values Typ. 0.2 16 1.7 18 Max. 0.5 20 3 25 mA mA mA mA Unit Test Condition VS = 40 V; VL = 5 V; -25 °C ≤ Tj ≤ 125 °C Current Consumption from +VS from +VS from +VL from +VL Oscillator Output charging current IS IS IL IL – – – – Vinh = L Vinh = H IQ1/2 = 0, IXX = L Vinh = L Vinh = H IQ1/2 = 0, IXX = L – – – Current Limit Threshold No current Hold Setpoint Accelerate Threshold L-input current L-input current H-input current Standby Cutout (inhibit) Threshold Threshold Hysteresis Data Sheet IOSC VOSCL Charging threshold Discharging threshold VOSCH Frequency fOSC Phase Current Selection (R1; R2) Vsense n Vsense h Vsense s Vsense a VI IIL IIL IIH VInh VInh – – – 18 110 1.3 2.3 25 – – – 35 µA V V kHz COSC = 2.2 nF – 200 460 740 0 250 540 825 – 300 620 910 mV mV mV mV IX0 = H; IX1 = H IX0 = L; IX1 = H IX0 = H; IX1 = L IX0 = L; IX1 = L – Logic Inputs (IX1; IX0; Phase x) 1.4 – (H→L) -10 -100 – 2 1.7 0.3 9 2.3 V (L→H) – – 10 4 2.9 1.1 µA µA µA V V V – – – 3 2.3 0.7 VI = 1.4 V VI = 0 V VI = 5 V – – – Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 (L→H) (H→L) VInhhy TCA 3727 Table 5 Parameter Characteristics (cont’d) Symbol Min. Limit Values Typ. 7.4 Max. 8.2 V Unit Test Condition VS = 40 V; VL = 5 V; -25 °C ≤ Tj ≤ 125 °C Internal Z-Diode Z-voltage Power Outputs Diode Transistor Sink Pair (D13, T13; D14, T14; D23, T23; D24, T24) Saturation voltage Saturation voltage Reverse current Forward voltage Forward voltage Saturation voltage Saturation voltage Saturation voltage Saturation voltage Reverse current Forward voltage Forward voltage Diode leakage current VLZ 6.5 IL = 50 mA Vsatl Vsatl IRl VFl VFl VsatuC VsatuD VsatuC VsatuD IRu VFu VFu ISL – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.3 0.5 – 0.9 1 0.9 0.3 1.1 0.5 – 1 1.1 1 0.6 1 300 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.4 1 300 1.3 1.4 2 V V µA V V V V V V µA V V mA IQ = -0.5 A IQ = -0.75 A VQ = 40 V IQ = 0.5 A IQ = 0.75 A IQ = 0.5 A; charge Diode Transistor Source Pair (D11, T11; D12, T12; D21, T21; D22, T22) IQ = 0.5 A; discharge charge IQ = 0.75 A; IQ = 0.75 A; discharge VQ = 0 V IQ = -0.5 A IQ = -0.75 A IF = -0.75 A Note: The listed characteristics are ensured over the operating range of the integrated circuit. Typical characteristics specify mean values expected over the production spread. If not otherwise specified, typical characteristics apply at TA = 25 °C and the given supply voltage. Data Sheet 10 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Quiescent Current IS, IL versus Supply Voltage VS 40 IED01655 Quiescent Current IS, IL versus Junction Temperature Tj 40 IED01656 Ι S, Ι L mA T j = 25 C Ι S, Ι L mA V S = 40V 30 Ι XX = L ΙL Ι XX = H ΙL 30 20 20 ΙL ΙL Ι XX = L Ι XX = H 10 10 ΙS ΙS 0 0 10 20 30 V VS 50 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 C 150 Tj Output Current IQX versus Junction Temperature Tj 800 IED01657 Operating Condition: • • • • • • • Ι QX mA 600 VL = 5 V VInh = H COSC = 2.2 nF Rsense = 1 Ω Load: L = 10 mH, R = 2.4 Ω fphase = 50 Hz mode: fullstep 400 200 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 C 150 Tj Data Sheet 11 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Output Saturation Voltages Vsat versus Output Current IQ Forward Current IF of Free-Wheeling Diodes versus Forward Voltages VF ΙF 1.0 A 0.8 T j = 25 C 0.6 V Fl IED01167 V Fu 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 1.0 V VF 1.5 Typical Power Dissipation Ptot versus Output Current IQ (non stepping) Permissible Power Dissipation Ptot versus Case Temperature TC 12 W Ptot 10 P-DSO-24 8 IED01660 Measured at pin 5. 6 P-DIP-20 4 2 0 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 C 175 Tc Data Sheet 12 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Input Characteristics of IXX, Phase X, Inhibit 0.8 mA IED01661 Input Current of Inhibit versus Junction Temperature Tj Ι IXX 0.6 V L = 5V 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 -6 -5 -2 3.9 2 V 6 V IXX Oscillator Frequency fOSC versus Junction Temperature Tj 30 kHz f OSC IED01663 V S = 40V V L = 5V COSZ = 2.2nF 25 20 15 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 C 150 Tj Data Sheet 13 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 100 µF 220 nF ΙL 12 VL ΙS 9 VS Q11 Q12 7 10 14 11 220 nF 100 µF VS 1 2 Ι10 Ι11 Ι ΙL Ι ΙH 3 17 20 19 18 Phase 1 Inhibit Ι 20 Ι 21 Phase 2 OSC 4 TCA 3727 Q21 Q22 ΙQ - Ι Fu -ΙR Ι Ru VSatl VSatu - VFu VΙ L VΙ H 13 R2 1Ω VSense 8 R1 1Ω Ι OSC VOSC 2.2 nF GND 5, 6 15, 16 - VFl VSense Ι GND IES00706 Figure 5 Test Circuit Data Sheet 14 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 +5 V 100 µF 220 nF 12 1 2 3 Micro Controller 17 20 19 18 Ι10 Ι11 Phase 1 Inhibit Ι 20 Ι 21 Phase 2 OSC 4 VL 3 VS Q11 Q12 7 10 14 11 220 nF +40 V 100 µF TCA 3727 Q21 Q22 GND 5, 6 15, 16 M 13 R2 1Ω 8 R1 1Ω 2.2 nF IES00707 Figure 6 Application Circuit Data Sheet 15 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Accelerate Mode Normal Mode Ι 10 Ι 11 Phase 1 H L H L H L i acc i set t t t Ι Q1 i set i acc i acc i set t Ι Q2 i set i acc Phase 2 H L H L H L t t t Ι 20 Ι 21 t IED01666 Figure 7 Full-Step Operation Data Sheet 16 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Accelerate Mode Normal Mode Ι 10 Ι 11 H L H L H L i acc i set t t Phase 1 t Ι Q1 - i set - i acc i acc i set t Ι Q2 - i set - i acc Phase 2 H L H L H L t t Ι 20 Ι 21 t t IED01667 Figure 8 Half-Step Operation Data Sheet 17 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Figure 9 Quarter-Step Operation Data Sheet 18 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Ι 10 Ι 11 Phase 1 H L H L H L i acc i set i hold t t t Ι Q1 i hold i set i acc i acc i set i hold t Ι Q2 i hold i set i acc Phase 2 H L H L H L t t Ι 20 Ι 21 t t IED01665 Figure 10 Mini-Step Operation Data Sheet 19 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 V Osc 2.4 V 1.4 V 0 T t Ι GND 0 V Q12 + VS V sat 1 0 t V Q11 + VS V satu D V satu C t V Q22 + VS V FU t 0 t V Q21 + VS Operating conditions: VS VL L phase x R phase x V phase x V Inhibit V xx = 40 V =5V = 10 mH = 20 Ω =H =H =L t IED01177 Figure 11 Current Control Data Sheet 20 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Inhibit L V Osc t 2.3 V 1.3 V 0 Phase 1 L Oscillator High Imped. Phase Changeover Oscillator High Imped. t Ι GND ΙN 0 t t V Fu V Q11 +V S V satl High Impedance Vsatu C Vsatu D High Impedance V Fl t V Q12 +V S High Impedance t Ι Phase 1 Slow Current Decay t Fast Current Decay Fast Current Decay by Inhibit IED01178 Operating Conditions: = 40 V VS =5V VΙ L phase 1 = 10 mH R phase 1 = 20 Ω Ι 1X = L; Ι 1X = H Slow Current Decay Figure 12 Phase Reversal and Inhibit Data Sheet 21 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Calculation of Power Dissipation The total power dissipation Ptot is made up of • • • saturation losses Psat (transistor saturation voltage and diode forward voltages), quiescent losses Pq (quiescent current times supply voltage) and switching losses Ps (turn-ON / turn-OFF operations). The following equations give the power dissipation for chopper operation without phase reversal. This is the worst case, because full current flows for the entire time and switching losses occur in addition. Ptot = 2 × Psat + Pq + 2 × Ps where • • (1) Psat ≅ IN {Vsatl × d + VFu (1 - d) + VsatuC × d + VsatuD (1 - d)} Pq = Iq × VS + IL × VL T⎩ 2 (2) V S ⎧ i D × t DON i D + i R × t ON I N ⎫ P S ≅ ------ ⎨ ---------------------- + ------------------------------ + ---- t DOFF + t OFF ⎬ 2 4 ⎭ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • T = cycle duration d = duty cycle tp/T Vsatl = saturation voltage of sink transistor (T3, T4) VsatuC = saturation voltage of source transistor (T1, T2) during charge cycle VsatuD = saturation voltage of source transistor (T1, T2) during discharge cycle VFu = forward voltage of free-wheeling diode (D1, D2) VS = supply voltage VL = logic supply voltage IL = current from logic supply IN = nominal current (mean value) Iq = quiescent current iD = reverse current during turn-on delay iR = peak reverse current tp = conducting time of chopper transistor tON = turn-ON time tOFF = turn-OFF time tDON = turn-ON delay tDOFF = turn-OFF delay Data Sheet 22 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 +V S Tx1 Dx1 L Dx2 Tx2 Tx3 Dx3 Dx4 Tx4 V sense R sense IES01179 Figure 13 Voltage and Current at Chopper Transistor Turn-ON iD iR Turn-OFF ΙN VS + VFu VS + VFu Vsatl t D ON t ON tp t D OFF t OFF t IET01210 Figure 14 Data Sheet 23 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Application Hints The TCA 3727 is intended to drive both phases of a stepper motor. Special care has been taken to provide high efficiency, robustness and to minimize external components. Power Supply The TCA 3727 will work with supply voltages ranging from 5 V to 50 V at pin VS. As the circuit operates with chopper regulation of the current, interference generation problems can arise in some applications. Therefore the power supply should be decoupled by a 0.22 µF ceramic capacitor located near the package. Unstabilized supplies may even afford higher capacities. Current Sensing The current in the windings of the stepper motor is sensed by the voltage drop across R1 and R2. Depending on the selected current internal comparators will turn off the sink transistor as soon as the voltage drop reaches certain thresholds (typical 0 V, 0.25 V, 0.5 V and 0.75 V); (R1, R2 = 1 Ω). These thresholds are neither affected by variations of VL nor by variations of VS. Due to chopper control fast current rises (up to 10 A/µs) will occur at the sensing resistors R1 and R2. To prevent malfunction of the current sensing mechanism R1 and R2 should be pure ohmic. The resistors should be wired to GND as directly as possible. Capacitive loads such as long cables (with high wire to wire capacity) to the motor should be avoided for the same reason. Synchronizing Several Choppers In some applications synchronous chopping of several stepper motor drivers may be desirable to reduce acoustic interference. This can be done by forcing the oscillator of the TCA 3727 by a pulse generator overdriving the oscillator loading currents (approximately ≥ ±100 µA). In these applications low level should be between 0 V and 1 V while high level should be between 2.6 V and VL. Optimizing Noise Immunity Unused inputs should always be wired to proper voltage levels in order to obtain highest possible noise immunity. To prevent crossconduction of the output stages the TCA 3727 uses a special break before make timing of the power transistors. This timing circuit can be triggered by short glitches (some hundred nanoseconds) at the Phase inputs causing the output stage to become high resistive during some microseconds. This will lead to a fast current decay during that time. To achieve maximum current accuracy such glitches at the Phase inputs should be avoided by proper control signals. Data Sheet 24 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Thermal Shut Down To protect the circuit against thermal destruction, thermal shut down has been implemented. To provide a warning in critical applications, the current of the sensing element is wired to input Inhibit. Before thermal shut down occurs Inhibit will start to pull down by some hundred microamperes. This current can be sensed to build a temperature prealarm. Data Sheet 25 Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Package Outlines GPD05587 Figure 15 P-DIP-20-6 (Plastic Dual In-line Package) You can find all of our packages, sorts of packing and others in our Infineon Internet Page “Products”: http://www.infineon.com/products. Data Sheet 26 Dimensions in mm Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 0.2 -0.1 2.65 MAX. 0.35 x 45˚ +0.0 9 2.45 -0.2 1.27 0.35 +0.15 2) 24 0.4 +0.8 0.1 0.2 24x 13 10.3 ±0.3 1 15.6 -0.4 1) 12 Index Marking 1) 2) Does not include plastic or metal protrusion of 0.15 max. per side Lead width can be 0.61 max. in dambar area 0.23 8˚ MAX. 7.6 -0.2 1) GPS05144 Figure 16 P-DSO-24-3 (Plastic Dual Small Outline Package) You can find all of our packages, sorts of packing and others in our Infineon Internet Page “Products”: http://www.infineon.com/products. Data Sheet 27 Dimensions in mm Rev. 2.0, 2004-10-01 TCA 3727 Revision History: Previous Version: Page 2004-10-01 1.0, 1998-12-16 Rev. 2.0 Subjects (major changes since last revision) Template: ap_a5_vr_tmplt.fm / 2 / 2004-09-15 Edition 2004-10-01 Published by Infineon Technologies AG, St.-Martin-Strasse 53, 81669 München, Germany © Infineon Technologies AG 2004. All Rights Reserved. Attention please! The information herein is given to describe certain components and shall not be considered as a guarantee of characteristics. Terms of delivery and rights to technical change reserved. We hereby disclaim any and all warranties, including but not limited to warranties of non-infringement, regarding circuits, descriptions and charts stated herein. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). 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