TP87C51FC

87C51FA 87C51FB 87C51FC 87C51FC-20 CHMOS SINGLE-CHIP 8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER Automotive Y Y FX Core Architecture Device Extended Automotive Temperature Range ( b 40 C to a 125 C Ambient) Available in 12 MHz 16 MHz and 20 MHz Versions High Performance CHMOS EPROM Three 16-Bit Timer Counters Timer 2 (Up Down Counter) Programmable Counter Array with High Speed Output Compare Capture Pulse Width Modulator Watchdog Timer Capabilities One-to-Three Level Program Lock System on EPROM 8K On-Chip User Programmable EPROM in 87C51FA 16K On-Chip User Programmable EPROM in 87C51FB 32K On-Chip User Programmable EPROM in 87C51FC 256 Bytes of On-Chip Data RAM Y Y Y Y Y Quick Pulse Programming Algorithm Boolean Processor 32 Programmable I O Lines 7 Interrupt Sources Four Level Interrupt Priority Programmable Serial Channel with Framing Error Detection Automatic Address Recognition TTL and CMOS Compatible Logic Levels 64K External Program Memory Space 64K External Data Memory Space MCS -51 Fully Compatible Instruction Set Power Saving Idle and Power Down Modes ONCE (On-Circuit Emulation) Mode RFI Reduction Mode Available in PLCC and PDIP Packages Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y MEMORY ORGANIZATION PROGRAM MEMORY Up to 8 Kbytes of the program memory can reside in the 87C51FA On-Chip EPROM Up to 16 Kbytes of the program memory can reside in the 87C51FB on-chip EPROM Up to 32 Kbytes of the program memory can reside in the 87C51FC on-chip EPROM In addition the device can address up to 64K of program memory external to the chip DATA MEMORY This microcontroller has a 256 x 8 on-chip RAM In addition it can address up to 64 Kbytes of external data memory The Intel 87C51FA 87C51FB 87C51FC is a single-chip control-oriented microcontroller which is fabricated on Intel’s reliable CHMOS EPROM technology Being a member of the MCS-51 family the 87C51FB 87C51FC uses the same powerful instruction set has the same architecture and is pin-for-pin compatible with the existing MCS-51 family of products The 87C51FA is an enhanced version of the 87C51 The 87C51FB is an enhanced version of the 87C51FA The 87C51FC is an enhanced version of the 87C51FB With 8 Kbytes of program memory in the 87C51FA and 16 Kbytes of program memory in the 87C51FB and 32 Kbytes of program memory in the 87C51FC it is an even more powerful microcontroller for applications that require Pulse Width Modulation High Speed I O and up down counting capabilities such as brake and traction control For the remainder of this document the 87F51FA 87C51FB and 87C51FC will be referred to as the 87C51FA FB FC Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel products Intel assumes no liability whatsoever including infringement of any patent or copyright for sale and use of Intel products except as provided in Intel’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products Intel retains the right to make changes to these specifications at any time without notice Microcomputer Products may have minor variations to this specification known as errata COPYRIGHT INTEL CORPORATION 1995 September 1993 Order Number 270961-003 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 270961 – 1 Figure 1 87C51FB FC Block Diagram 87C51FA FB FC PRODUCT OPTIONS Intel’s extended and automotive temperature range products are designed to meet the needs of those applications whose operating requirements exceed commercial standards With the commercial standard temperature range operational characteristics are guaranteed over the temperature range of 0 C to 70 C ambient With the extended temperature range option operational characteristics are guaranteed over the temperature 2 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 range of b 40 C to a 85 C ambient For the automotive temperature range option operational characteristics are guaranteed over the temperature range of b 40 C to a 125 C ambient The automotive extended and commercial temperature versions of the MCS-51 product families are available with or without burn-in options As shown in Figure 2 temperature burn-in and package options are identified by a one- or two-letter prefix to the part number PIN DESCRIPTIONS VCC Supply voltage VSS Circuit ground VSS1 Secondary ground (in PLCC only) Provided to reduce ground bounce and improve power supply by-passing NOTE This pin is NOT a substitute for VSS pin (pin 22) Port 0 Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I O port As an output port each pin can sink several LS TTL inputs Port 0 pins that have 1’s written to them float and in that state can be used as high-impedance inputs 270961 – 2 Example AN87C51FA FB FC indicates an automotive temperature range version of the 87C51FA FB FC in a PLCC package with 16 Kbyte 32 Kbyte EPROM program memory Figure 2 Package Options Table 1 Temperature Options Temperature Classification Extended Automotive Temperature Designation T L A B Operating Temperature C Ambient b 40 to a 85 b 40 to a 85 b 40 to a 125 b 40 to a 125 Burn-In Options Standard Extended Standard Extended 3 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external Program and Data Memory In this application it uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1’s and can source and sink several LS TTL inputs Port 0 also receives the code bytes during EPROM programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification External pullup resistors are required during program verification Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I O port with internal pullups The Port 1 output buffers can drive LS TTL inputs Port 1 pins that have 1’s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullups and in that state can be used as inputs As inputs Port 1 pins that are externally pulled low will source current (IIL on the data sheet) because of the internal pullups In addition Port 1 serves the functions of the following special features of the 87C51FB FC Port Pin P1 0 P1 1 P1 2 P1 3 P1 4 P1 5 P1 6 P1 7 Alternate Function T2 (External Count Input to Timer Counter 2) T2EX (Timer Counter 2 Capture Reload Trigger and Direction Control) ECI (External Count Input to the PCA) CEX0 (External I O for Compare Capture Module 0) CEX1 (External I O for Compare Capture Module 1) CEX2 (External I O for Compare Capture Module 2) CEX3 (External I O for Compare Capture Module 3) CEX4 (External I O for Compare Capture Module 4) PACKAGES Part 87C51FA FB FC Prefix P N DIP Package Type 40-Pin Plastic DIP 44-Pin PLCC 270961 – 3 PAD (PLCC) Port 1 receives the low-order address bytes during EPROM programming and verifying Port 2 Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I O port with internal pullups The Port 2 output buffers can drive LS TTL inputs Port 2 pins that have 1’s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullups and in that state can be used as inputs As inputs Port 2 pins that are externally pulled low will source current (IIL on the data sheet) because of the internal pullups 270961 – 4 EPROM only Do not connect reserved pins Diagrams are for pin reference only Package sizes are not to scale Figure 3 Pin Connections (Top View) 4 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external Program Memory and during accesses to external Data Memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX DPTR) In this application it uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1’s During accesses to external Data Memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX Ri) Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register Some Port 2 pins receive the high-order address bits during EPROM programming and program verification Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I O port with internal pullups The Port 3 output buffers can drive LS TTL inputs Port 3 pins that have 1’s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullups and in that state can be used as inputs As inputs Port 3 pins that are externally pulled low will source current (IIL on the data sheet) because of the pullups Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the MCS-51 Family as listed below Port Pin P3 0 P3 1 P3 2 P3 3 P3 4 P3 5 P3 6 P3 7 Alternate Function RXD (serial input port) TXD (serial output port) INT0 (external interrupt 0) INT1 (external interrupt 1) T0 (Timer 0 external input) T1 (Timer 1 external input) WR (external data memory write strobe) RD (external data memory read strobe) In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes Note however that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory Throughout the remainder of this data sheet ALE will refer to the signal coming out of the ALE PROG pin and the pin will be referred to as the ALE PROG pin PSEN Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external Program Memory When the 87C51FA FB FC is executing code from external Program Memory PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external Data Memory EA VPP External Access enable EA must be strapped to VSS in order to enable the device to fetch code from external Program Memory locations 0000H to 0FFFFH Note however that if either of the Program Lock bits are programmed EA will be internally latched on reset EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions This pin also receives the programming supply voltage (VPP) during EPROM programming XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier RST Reset input A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device The port pins will be driven to their reset condition when a minimum VIH1 is applied whether the oscillator is running or not An internal pulldown resistor permits a power-on reset with only a capacitor connected to VCC ALE PROG Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory This pin (ALE PROG) is also the program pulse input during EPROM programming for the 87C51FA FB FC OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output respectively of an inverting amplifier which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator as shown in Figure 4 Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used More detailed information concerning the use of the on-chip oscillator is available in Application Note AP-155 ‘‘Oscillators for Microcontrollers’’ and in Application Note AP-486 ‘‘Oscillator Design for Microcontrollers’’ 5 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 To drive the device from an external clock source XTAL1 should be driven while XTAL2 floats as shown in Figure 5 There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop but minimum and maximum high and low times specified on the data sheet must be observed An external oscillator may encounter as much as 100 pF load at XTAL1 when it starts up This is due to interaction between the amplifier and its feedback capacitance Once the external signal meets VIL and VIH specifications the capacitance will not exceed 20 pF IDLE MODE The user’s software can invoke the Idle Mode When the microcontroller is in this mode power consumption is reduced The Special Function Registers and the onboard RAM retain their values during Idle but the processor stops executing instructions Idle Mode will be exited if the chip is reset or if an enabled interrupt occurs The PCA timer counter can optionally be left running or paused during Idle Mode POWER DOWN MODE To save even more power a Power Down mode can be invoked by software In this mode the oscillator is stopped and the instruction that invoked Power Down is the last instruction executed The on-chip RAM and Special Function Registers retain their values until the Power Down mode is terminated On the 87C51FA FB FC either a hardware reset or external interrupt can cause an exit from Power Down Reset redefines all the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM An external interrupt allows both the SFRs and the on-chip RAM to retain their values To properly terminate Power Down the reset or external interrupt should not be executed before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough for the oscillator to restart and stabilize (normally less than 10 ms) With an external interrupt INT0 or INT1 must be enabled and configured as level-sensitive Holding the pin low restarts the oscillator (the oscillator must be allowed time to stabilize after start up before this pin is released high) but bringing the pin back high completes the exit Once the interrupt is serviced the next instruction to be executed after RETI will be the one following the instruction that put the device into Power Down 270961 – 5 C1 C2 e 30 pF g 10 pF for Crystals For Ceramic Resonators contact resonator manufacturer Figure 4 Oscillator Connections 270961 – 6 Figure 5 External Clock Drive Configuration 6 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 While the device is in ONCE Mode the Port 0 pins float and the other port pins and ALE and PSEN are weakly pulled high The oscillator circuit remains active While the 87C51FA FB FC is in this mode an emulator or test CPU can be used to drive the circuit Normal operation is restored when a normal reset is applied DESIGN CONSIDERATION When the Idle mode is terminated by a hardware reset the device normally resumes program execution from where it left off up to two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes control Onchip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event but access to the port pins is not inhibited To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write when Idle is terminated by reset the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to external memory RFI REDUCTION MODE The RFI reduction feature can be used only if external program memory is not required since this mode disables the ALE pin during instruction code fetches By writing a logical one to the LSB of the Auxiliary Register (address 08EH) the ALE is disabled for instruction code fetches and the output is weakly held high When a logical zero is written the ALE pin is enabled allowing it to generate the Address Latch Enable signal This bit is cleared by reset Once disabled ALE remains disabled until it is reset by software or until a hardware reset occurs ONCE MODE The ONCE (‘‘On-Circuit Emulation’’) Mode facilitates testing and debugging of systems using the 87C51FA FB FC without removing it from the circuit The ONCE Mode is invoked by 1 Pull ALE low while the device is in reset and PSEN is high 2 Hold ALE low as RST is deactivated Table 2 Status of the External Pins during Idle and Power Down Mode Idle Idle Power Down Power Down Program Memory Internal External Internal External ALE 1 1 0 0 PSEN 1 1 0 0 PORT0 Data Float Data Float PORT1 Data Data Data Data PORT2 Data Address Data Data PORT3 Data Data Data Data NOTE For more detailed information on the reduced power modes refer to current Embedded Applications Handbook and Application Note AP-252 ‘‘Designing with the 80C51BH ’’ 7 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Ambient Temperature Under Bias b 40 C to a 125 C Storage Temperature Voltage on EA VPP Pin to VSS Voltage on Any Other Pin to VSS IOL Per I O Pin b 65 C to a 150 C 0V to a 13 0V b 0 5V to a 6 5V NOTICE This data sheet contains information on products in the sampling and initial production phases of development The specifications are subject to change without notice Verify with your local Intel Sales office that you have the latest data sheet before finalizing a design 15 mA Power Dissipation 1 5W (Based on package heat transfer limitations not device power consumption) a 135 C Typical Junction Temperature (Based on ambient temperature at a 125 C) Typical Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Ambient (iJA) PDIP 45 C W PLCC 46 C W WARNING Stressing the device beyond the ‘‘Absolute Maximum Ratings’’ may cause permanent damage These are stress ratings only Operation beyond the ‘‘Operating Conditions’’ is not recommended and extended exposure beyond the ‘‘Operating Conditions’’ may affect device reliability ADVANCED INFORMATION DC CHARACTERISTICS Symbol VIL VIL1 VIH VIH1 VOL Parameter Input Low Voltage Input Low Voltage EA Input High Voltage (Except XTAL1 RST EA) CONTACT INTEL FOR DESIGN-IN INFORMATION (TA e b 40 C to a 125 C VCC e 5V g 20% VSS e 0V) Min b0 5 Typ (Note 4) Max 0 2 VCC b 0 1 0 2 VCC b 0 3 VCC a 0 5 VCC a 0 5 03 0 45 10 03 0 45 10 Unit V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Test Conditions 0 0 2 VCC a 0 9 0 7 VCC Input High Voltage (XTAL1 RST) Output Low Voltage (Note 5) (Ports 1 2 and 3) IOL e 100 mA (Note 1) IOL e 1 6 mA (Note 1) IOL e 3 5 mA (Note 1) IOL e 200 mA (Note 1) IOL e 3 2 mA (Note 1) IOL e 7 0 mA (Note 1) IOH e b 10 mA IOH e b 30 mA IOH e b 60 mA IOH e b 200 mA IOH e b 3 2 mA VOL1 Output Low Voltage (Note 5) (Port 0 ALE PSEN) VOH Output High Voltage (Ports 1 2 and 3) VCC b 0 3 VCC b 0 7 VCC b 1 5 VCC b 0 3 VCC b 0 7 VCC b 1 5 b 75 g 10 VOH1 Output High Voltage (Port 0 in External Bus Mode ALE PSEN) Logical 0 Input Current (Ports 1 2 and 3) Input Leakage Current (Port 0) Logical 1 to 0 Transition Current (Ports 1 2 and 3) RST Pulldown Resistor Pin Capacitance Power Supply Current Running at 16 20 MHz (Figure 6) Idle Mode at 16 20 MHz (Figure 6) Power Down Mode IIL ILI1 ITL RRST CIO ICC IOH e b 7 0 mA mA VIN e 0 45V mA 0 45V k VIN k VCC mA VIN e 2V KX pF 1 MHz 25 C (Note 3) b 750 40 10 26 28 5 15 225 35 40 12 14 100 mA mA mA 8 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 NOTES 1 Capacitive loading on Ports 0 and 2 may cause noise pulses above 0 4V to be superimposed on the VOLs of ALE and Ports 1 2 and 3 The noise is due to external bus capacitance discharging into the Port 0 and Port 2 pins when these pins change from 1 to 0 In applications where capacitive loading exceeds 100 pF the noise pulses on these signals may exceed 0 8V It may be desirable to qualify ALE or other signals with Schmitt triggers or CMOS-level input logic 2 Capacitive loading on Ports 0 and 2 cause the VOH on ALE and PSEN to drop below the 0 9 VCC specification when the address lines are stabilizing 3 See Figures 6–9 for test conditions Minimum VCC for Power Down is 2V 4 Typicals are based on limited number of samples and are not guaranteed The values listed are at room temperature and 5V 5 Under steady state (non-transient) conditions IOL must be externally limited as follows 10mA Maximum IOL per port pin Maximum IOL per 8-bit port Port 0 26 mA Ports 1 2 and 3 15 mA 71 mA Maximum total IOL for all output pins If IOL exceeds the test condition VOL may exceed the related specification Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater than the listed test conditions 270961 – 7 ICC Max at other frequencies is given by Active Mode ICC Max e (1 25 c Osc Freq) a 15 Idle Mode ICC Max e (0 5 c Osc Freq) a 4 Where Osc Freq is in MHz ICC is in mA All other pins disconnected TCLCH e TCHCL e 5 ns 270961 – 8 Figure 7 ICC Test Condition Active Mode Figure 6 ICC vs Frequency All other pins disconnected TCLCH e TCHCL e 5 ns 270961 – 9 All other pins disconnected 270961 – 10 Figure 8 ICC Test Condition Idle Mode Figure 9 ICC Test Condition Power Down Mode VCC e 2 0V to 5 5V 270961 – 11 Figure 10 Clock Signal Waveform for ICC Tests in Active and Idle Modes TCLCH e TCHCL e 5 ns 9 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 L Logic level LOW or ALE P PSEN Q Output Data R RD signal T Time V Valid W WR signal X No longer a valid logic level Z Float For example TAVLL e Time from Address Valid to ALE Low TLLPL e Time from ALE Low to PSEN Low EXPLANATION OF THE AC SYMBOLS Each timing symbol has 5 characters The first character is always a ‘T’ (stands for time) The other characters depending on their positions stand for the name of a signal or the logical status of that signal The following is a list of all the characters and what they stand for A Address C Clock D Input Data H Logic level HIGH I Instruction (program memory contents) AC CHARACTERISTICS (TA e b 40 C to a 125 C VCC e 5V g 20% VSS e 0V Load Capacitance for Port 0 ALE PROG and PSEN e 100 pF Load Capacitance for All Other Outputs e 80 pF) ADVANCED INFORMATION CONTACT INTEL FOR DESIGN-IN INFORMATION EXTERNAL PROGRAM MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS 12 MHz Oscillator Symbol Parameter Min 1 TCLCL TLHLL TAVLL TLLAX TLLIV TLLPL TPLPH TPLIV TPXIX TPXIZ TAVIV TPLAZ TRLRH TWLWH Oscillator Frequency ALE Pulse Width Address Valid to ALE Low Address Hold After ALE Low ALE Low to Valid Instruction In ALE Low to PSEN Low PSEN Pulse Width PSEN Low to Valid Instruction In Input Inst Hold After PSEN Trans Input Inst Float After PSEN Trans Address Valid to Valid Instruction In PSEN Low to Address Float RD Pulse Width WR Pulse Width 400 400 0 59 312 10 6TCLCL b 100 6TCLCL b 100 53 205 145 0 TCLCL b 25 TCLCL b 20 5TCLCL b 105 10 127 43 53 234 TCLCL b 30 3TCLCL b 45 3TCLCL b 105 3TCLCL b 90 Max Variable Oscillator 87C51FA FB FC 87C51FC-20 Min 35 2TCLCL b 40 TCLCL b 40 TCLCL b 30 4TCLCL b 100 4TCLCL b 75 Max 16 20 MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Units 10 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 AC CHARACTERISTICS (TA e b 40 C to a 125 C VCC e 5V g 20% VSS e 0V Load Capacitance for Port 0 ALE PROG and PSEN e 100 pF Load Capacitance for All Other Outputs e 80 pF) (Continued) ADVANCED INFORMATION CONTACT INTEL FOR DESIGN-IN INFORMATION EXTERNAL PROGRAM MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) 12 MHz Oscillator Symbol Parameter Min TRLDV TRHDX TRHDZ TLLDV TAVDV TLLWL TAVWL TQVWX TWHQX TQVWH TRLAZ TWHLH RD Low to Valid Data In Data Hold After RD High Data Float After RD High ALE Low to Valid Data In Address Valid to Valid Data In ALE Low to RD or WR Low Address Valid to WR Low Data Valid before WR Low Data Hold after WR High Data Valid to WR High RD Low to Address Float RD or WR High to ALE High 43 200 203 33 33 433 0 123 TCLCL b 40 0 107 517 585 300 3TCLCL b 50 4TCLCL b 130 4TCLCL b 90 TCLCL b 50 TCLCL b 35 TCLCL b 50 TCLCL b 40 7TCLCL b 150 7TCLCL b 70 0 TCLCL a 40 Max 252 0 2TCLCL b 60 8TCLCL b 150 8TCLCL b 90 9TCLCL b 165 9TCLCL b 90 3TCLCL a 50 Variable Oscillator 87C51FA FB FC 87C51FC-20 Min Max 5TCLCL b 165 5TCLCL b 95 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Units NOTE Timings specified for the 87C51FC-20 are valid at 20 MHz only For timing information below 20 MHz use the 87C51FA FB FC timings 11 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 EXTERNAL PROGRAM MEMORY READ CYCLE 270961 – 12 EXTERNAL DATA MEMORY READ CYCLE 270961 – 13 EXTERNAL DATA MEMORY WRITE CYCLE 270961 – 14 12 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 SERIAL PORT TIMING Test Conditions Symbol TXLXL TQVXH TXHQX TXHDX TXHDV SHIFT REGISTER MODE TA e b 40 C to a 125 C VCC e 5V g 20% VSS e 0V Load Capacitance e 80 pF 12 MHz Oscillator Min Max Variable Oscillator Min 12TCLCL 10TCLCL b 133 2TCLCL b 117 0 700 10TCLCL b 133 Max ms ns ns ns ns Units Parameter Serial Port Clock Cycle Time Output Data Setup to Clock Rising Edge Output Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge Input Data Hold After Clock Rising Edge Clock Rising Edge to Input Data Valid 1 700 50 0 SHIFT REGISTER MODE TIMING WAVEFORMS 270961 – 15 EXTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE Symbol 1 TCLCL TCHCX TCLCX TCLCH TCHCL Parameter Oscillator Frequency 87C51FA FB FC High Time Low Time Rise Time Fall Time Min 35 20 20 20 20 Max 16 20 Units MHz ns ns ns ns EXTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE WAVEFORMS 270961 – 16 13 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 AC TESTING INPUT OUTPUT WAVEFORMS FLOAT WAVEFORMS 270961 – 17 AC Inputs during testing are driven at VCC b 0 5V for a Logic ‘‘1’’ and 0 45V for a Logic ‘‘0’’ Timing measurements are made at VIH min for a Logic ‘‘1’’ and VIL max for a Logic ‘‘0’’ 270961 – 18 For timing purposes a port pin is no longer floating when a 100 mV change from load voltage occurs and begins to float when a 100 mV change from the loaded VOH VOL level occurs IOL IOH t g 20 mA Table 3 EPROM Programming Modes Mode Program Code Data Verify Code Data Program Encryption Array Address 0–3FH Program Lock Bits Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Read Signature Byte RST H H H H H H H PSEN L L L L L L L H H ALE PROG EA VPP 12 75V H 12 75V 12 75V 12 75V 12 75V H P2 6 L L L H H H L P2 7 H L H H H L L P3 3 H L H H H H L P3 6 H H L H L H L P3 7 H H H H L L L DEFINITION OF TERMS (EPROM PROGRAMMING) ADDRESS LINES P1 0–P1 7 P2 0–P2 5 P3 4 – P3 5 respectively for A0–A13 DATA LINES P0 0–P0 7 for D0–D7 CONTROL SIGNALS RST PSEN P2 6 P2 7 P3 3 P3 6 P3 7 PROGRAM SIGNALS ALE PROG EA VPP PROGRAMMING THE EPROM The part must be running with a 4 MHz to 6 MHz oscillator The address of an EPROM location to be programmed is applied to address lines while the code byte to be programmed in that location is applied to data lines Control and program signals must be held at the levels indicated in Table 3 Normally EA VPP is held at logic high until just before ALE PROG is to be pulsed The EA VPP is raised to VPP ALE PROG is pulsed low and then EA VPP is returned to a high (also refer to timing diagrams) NOTE Exceeding the VPP maximum for any amount of time could damage the device permanently The VPP source must be well regulated and free of glitches 14 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 270961 – 19 See Table 2 for proper input on these pins Figure 11 Programming the EPROM PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM Refer to Table 3 and Figures 11 and 12 for address data and control signals set up To program the 87C51FA FB FC the following sequence must be exercised 1 Input the valid address on the address lines 2 Input the appropriate data byte on the data lines 3 Activate the correct combination of control signals 4 Raise EA VPP from VCC to 12 75V g 0 25V 5 Pulse ALE PROG 5 times for the EPROM array and 25 times for the encryption table and the lock bits Repeat 1 through 5 changing the address and data for the entire array or until the end of the object file is reached PROGRAM VERIFY Program verify may be done after each byte or block of bytes is programmed In either case a complete verify of the programmed array will ensure reliable programming of the 87C51FA FB FC The lock bits cannot be directly verified Verification of the lock bits is done by observing that their features are enabled Refer to the EPROM Program Lock section in this data sheet 270961 – 20 5 Pulses Figure 12 Programming Signal’s Waveforms 15 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 EPROM Program Lock The 87C51FA FB FC program lock system when programmed protects the onboard program against software piracy The 87C51FA FB FC has a 3-level program lock system and a 64-byte encryption array Since this is an EPROM device all locations are user programmable See Table 4 Encryption Array Within the EPROM array are 64 bytes of Encryption Array that are initially unprogrammed (all 1’s) Every time that a byte is addressed during a verify 6 address lines are used to select a byte of the Encryption Array This byte is then exclusive-NOR’ed (XNOR) with the code byte creating an Encryption Verify byte The algorithm with the array in the unprogrammed state (all 1’s) will return the code in it’s original unmodified form For programming the Encryption Array refer to Table 3 (EPROM Programming Mode) Program Lock Bits The 87C51FA FB FC has 3 programmable lock bits that when programmed according to Table 4 will provide different levels of protection for the on-chip code and data Erasing the EPROM also erases the encryption array and the program lock bits returning the part to full functionality Reading the Signature Bytes The 87C51FA FB FC has 3 signature bytes in locations 30H 31H and 60H To read these bytes follow the procedure for EPROM verify but activate the control lines provided in Table 3 for Read Signature Byte Location 30H e 89H 31H e 58H 60H e FBH (for an FB part) 60H e FCH (for an FC part) Table 4 Program Lock Bits and the Features Program Lock Bits LB1 1 2 U P LB2 U U LB3 U U Protection Type No Program Lock features enabled (Code verify will still be encrypted by the Encryption Array if programmed ) MOVC instructions executed from external program memory are disabled from fetching code bytes from internal memory EA is sampled and latched on Reset and further programming of the EPROM is disabled Same as 2 also verify is disabled Same as 3 also external execution is disabled 3 4 P P P P U P Any other combination of the lock bits is not defined 16 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 EPROM PROGRAMMING AND VERIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS (TA e 21 C to 27 C VCC e 5V g 20% VSS e 0V) ADVANCED INFORMATION Symbol VPP IPP 1 TCLCL TAVGL TGHAX TDVGL TGHDX TEHSH TSHGL TGHSL TGLGH TAVQV TELQV TEHQZ TGHGL CONTACT INTEL FOR DESIGN-IN INFORMATION Min 12 5 Max 13 0 75 4 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 10 10 90 110 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 0 10 48TCLCL ms ms ms ms 6 Units V mA MHz Parameter Programming Supply Voltage Programming Supply Current Oscillator Frequency Address Setup to PROG Low Address Hold after PROG Data Setup to PROG Low Data Hold after PROG (Enable) High to VPP VPP Setup to PROG Low VPP Hold after PROG PROG Width Address to Data Valid ENABLE Low to Data Valid Data Float after ENABLE PROG High to PROG Low EPROM PROGRAMMING AND VERIFICATION WAVEFORMS 270961 – 21 17 AUTOMOTIVE 87C51FA FB FC FC-20 DATA SHEET REVISION HISTORY The following are key differences between this data sheet and the -002 revision of the data sheet 1 The data sheet has been revised from the 87C51FB 87C51FC to the 87C51FA 87C51FB 87C51FC 87C51FC-20 and includes the 20 MHz 87C51FC 2 RST pin in Figure 3 has been changed to RESET pin 3 Reference to Application Note AP-486 was added on page 5 4 The ICC specification has been corrected in the D C Characteristics section 5 The 20 MHz ICC max values have been added 6 20 MHz 87C51FC timings information were added to the External Program Memory Characteristics table DATA SHEET REVISION HISTORY The following are key differences between this data sheet and the -001 version of the data sheet 1 ‘‘NC’’ pin labels changed to ‘‘Reserved’’ in Figure 3 2 Capacitor value for ceramic resonators deleted in Figure 4 3 Replaced A0–A15 with P1 0–P1 7 P2 0–P2 5 (EPROM programming and verification waveforms) 4 Replaced D0–D7 with P0 (EPROM programming and verification waveforms) 5 Combined the 87C51FB and 87C51FC data sheets The following are the key differences between the previous 87C51FB data sheet versions and this new data sheet (rev-001) 1 The data sheet has been revised from a 83C51FB 87C51FB to an 87C51FB data sheet only 2 The data sheet has been revised to specify AC and DC parameters to VCC e 5V g 20% instead of VCC e 5V g 10% 3 The 87C51FB is now offered in a 3 5 MHz– 20 MHz version 4 5 6 7 The RST description has been modified to clarify the reset operation when the oscillator is not running Figure 4 (Oscillator Connections) has been changed for Ceramic Resonators A description of RFI Reduction Mode has been added VOH1 IIL ITL and ICC DC Characteristics have been revised 8 Note 1 of the DC Characteristics has been clarified 9 The External Clock Drive diagram has been modified to include 16 MHz and 20 MHz device types 10 The Float Waveforms diagram has been revised for greater clarity 11 Table 4 EPROM Programming Modes has been modified included logic levels for P3 3 and three program lock bits 12 The Encryption Array section now states that six address lines are used to select a byte from the Encryption Array instead of five 13 The IPP specification in the EPROM Programming and Verification Characteristics has been increased to 75 mA 18