Datasheet
ISL9203A
Li-Ion/Li Polymer Battery Charger
The ISL9203A is an integrated single-cell Li-ion or
Li-polymer battery charger capable of operating with
an input voltage as low as 2.4V. This charger is
designed to work with various types of AC adapters.
Features
The ISL9203A operates as a linear charger when the
AC adapter is a voltage source. The battery is
charged in a Constant Current/Constant Voltage
(CC/CV) profile. The charge current is programmable
with an external resistor up to 1.5A. The ISL9203A
can also work with a current-limited adapter to
minimize the thermal dissipation, in which case the
ISL9203A combines the benefits of both a linear
charger and a pulse charger.
• Integrated pass element and current sensor
The ISL9203A features charge current thermal
foldback to ensure safe operation when the Printed
Circuit Board (PCB) is space limited for thermal
dissipation. Additional features include
preconditioning of an over-discharged battery and
thermally enhanced DFN package.
• Ambient temperature range: -20°C to +70°C
• Complete charger for single-cell Li-ion batteries
• Very low thermal dissipation
• No external blocking diode required
• 1% voltage accuracy
• Programmable current limit up to 1.5A
• Charge current thermal foldback
• Accepts multiple types of adapters
• Operation down to VIN = 2.65V after startup
• Thermally-enhanced DFN packages
• Pb-free (RoHS compliant)
Applications
• Handheld devices, including medical handhelds
Related Literature
• PDAs, cell phones, and smartphones
For a full list of related documents, visit our website:
• Portable instruments and MP3 players
• ISL9203A device page
• Self-charging battery packs
• Stand-alone chargers
• USB bus-powered chargers
5V
Input
VIN
VBAT
C1
ISL9203A
C2
R1
VSEN
STATUS
V2P8
Floating
To Enable
EN
TIME
CTIME
IREF
C3
GND
RIREF
Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 1 of 21
ISL9203A
1.
1.1
1. Overview
Overview
Typical Application
5V Wall
Adapter
VIN
C1
10µF
R1
1Ω
VBAT
C2
R2
1kΩ
ISL9203A
10µF
Battery
Pack
D1
VSEN
STATUS
EN
TIME
CTIME
1nF
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
V2P8
IREF
GND
C3
RIREF
80kΩ
1µF
Page 2 of 21
ISL9203A
Block Diagram
QMAIN
VIN
VBAT
C1
IT
VPOR
100000:1
Current
Mirror
ISEN
INPUT_OK
RIREF
+
+
CA
-
IR
-
VPOR
+
+
-
CHRG
Current
References
VSEN
VIN
-
IREF
V2P8
VRECHRG
QSEN
R1
VCH
References
Temperature
Monitoring
VMIN
1.2
1. Overview
100mV
+
VA
-
IMIN = IR/10
VCH
+
Trickle/Fast
MINBAT
ISEN
VMIN
+
-
+
MIN_I
VRECHRG
INPUT_OK
RECHARGE
Logic
VIN
EN
ESD Diode
STATUS
Status
TIME
OSC
Counter
GND
Figure 2. Block Diagram
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 3 of 21
ISL9203A
1.3
1. Overview
Ordering Information
Part Number (Notes 2, 3)
Part Marking
Temp. Range (°C)
Tape and Reel
(Units) (Note 1)
Package
(RoHS Compliant)
Pkg Dwg. #
ISL9203ACRZ
03AZ
-20 to +70
-
10 Ld 3x3 DFN
L10.3x3
ISL9203ACRZ-T
03AZ
-20 to +70
6k
10 Ld 3x3 DFN
L10.3x3
Notes:
1. See TB347 for details about reel specifications.
2. Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate
termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Pb-free products are MSL
classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC-J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), see the ISL9203A device page. For more information about MSL, see TB363.
1.4
Pin Configuration
10 Ld 3x3 DFN
Top View
1.5
VIN
1
10 VBAT
NC
2
9
VSEN
STATUS
3
8
IREF
TIME
4
7
V2P8
GND
5
6
EN
Pin Descriptions
Pin Number
Pin Name
1
VIN
Input power source. Connect to a wall adapter.
2
NC
No connection.
3
STATUS
Open-drain output indicating the charging and inhibit states. The STATUS pin is
pulled LOW when the charger is charging a battery. It is forced to high impedance
when the charge current drops to IMIN. This high impedance mode is latched until a
recharge cycle or a new charge cycle starts.
4
TIME
Determines the oscillation period by connecting a timing capacitor between this pin
and GND. The oscillator also provides a time reference for the charger.
5
GND
Connection to system ground.
6
EN
7
V2P8
2.8V reference voltage output. This pin outputs a 2.8V voltage source when the input
voltage is above the POR threshold, otherwise it outputs zero. The V2P8 pin can be
used as an indication for adapter presence.
8
IREF
Programming input for the constant charging current. This pin maintains at 0.8V when
the charger is in normal operation.
9
VSEN
Remote voltage sense pin. Connect this pin as close as possible to the battery pack
positive connection. If the VSEN pin is floating, its voltage drops to 0V and the charger
operates in trickle mode.
10
VBAT
Connection to the battery. Typically a 10µF tantalum capacitor is needed for stability a
battery is not attached. When a battery is attached, only a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor is
required.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Description
Enable logic input. Connect the EN pin to LOW to disable the charger or leave it
floating to enable the charger.
Page 4 of 21
ISL9203A
2.
2.1
2. Specifications
Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
Supply Voltage (VIN)
-0.3
+7
V
Output Pin Voltage (BAT, VSEN, V2P8)
-0.3
+5.5
V
Signal Input Voltage (TIME, IREF)
-0.3
+3.2
V
Output Pin Voltage (STATUS)
-0.3
+7
V
+1.6
A
Charge Current
ESD Rating
Value
Unit
Human Body Model (Tested per MIL-STD-883 Method 3015.7)
4.5
kV
Machine Model (Tested per EIAJ ED-4701 Method C-111)
200
V
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions can adversely
impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
2.2
Thermal Information
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
θJA (°C/W)
θJC (°C/W)
46
4
10 Ld 3x3 DFN Package (Notes 4, 5)
Notes:
4. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high-effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features.
See TB379.
5. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. See TB379.
Parameter
Minimum
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package)
Maximum Storage Temperature Range
-65
Pb-Free Reflow Profile
Maximum
Unit
+150
°C
+150
°C
see TB493
CAUTION: +150°C max junction temperature is intended for short periods of time to prevent shortening the lifetime. Operation close to
+150°C junction may trigger the shutdown of the device even before +150°C becauses this number is specified as typical.
2.3
Recommended Operation Conditions
Parameter
Minimum
Maximum
Unit
Ambient Temperature Range
-20
+70
°C
Supply Voltage, VIN
4.3
6.5
V
2.4
Electrical Specifications
Typical values are tested at VIN = 5V and +25°C ambient temperature. Maximum and minimum values are ensured across -20°C to +70°C
ambient temperature with a supply voltage in the range of 4.3V to 6.5V, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Rising VIN Threshold
3.0
3.4
4.0
V
Falling VIN Threshold
2.3
2.4
2.65
V
VIN floating or EN = LOW
-
-
3.0
µA
VBAT floating and EN pulled low
-
30
250
µA
Power-On Reset
Standby Current
VBAT Pin Sink Current
ISTANDBY
VIN Pin Supply Current
IVIN
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 5 of 21
ISL9203A
2. Specifications
Typical values are tested at VIN = 5V and +25°C ambient temperature. Maximum and minimum values are ensured across -20°C to +70°C
ambient temperature with a supply voltage in the range of 4.3V to 6.5V, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
Parameter
VIN Pin Supply Current
Symbol
IVIN
Test Conditions
VBAT floating and EN floating
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
-
1
2
mA
4.158
4.20
4.242
V
-
320
550
mV
Voltage Regulation
Output Voltage
VCH
Dropout Voltage
VBAT = 3.7V, charge current = 1A
Charge Current
Constant Charge Current (Note 6)
ICHARGE
RIREF = 80kΩ, VBAT = 3.7V
0.9
1.0
1.1
A
Constant Charge Current
ICHARGE
RIREF = 1.21MΩ, VBAT = 3.7V
33
66
100
mA
Trickle Charge Current
ITRICKLE
RIREF = 80kΩ, VBAT = 2.0V
85
110
135
mA
Trickle Charge Current
ITRICKLE
RIREF = 1.21MΩ, VBAT = 2.0V
2
7
15
mA
End-of-Charge Threshold
IMIN
RIREF = 80kΩ
85
110
135
mA
End-of-Charge Threshold
IMIN
RIREF = 1.21MΩ
2
-
30
mA
VRECHRG
3.85
4.00
4.10
V
VMIN
2.1
2.3
2.5
V
VV2P8
2.7
2.9
3.1
V
Charge Current Foldback Threshold (Note 7)
TFOLD
-
100
-
°C
Current Foldback Gain (Note 7)
GFOLD
-
100
-
mA/°C
2.4
3.0
3.6
ms
Recharge Threshold
Recharge Voltage Threshold
Trickle Charge Threshold
Trickle Charge Threshold Voltage
V2P8 Pin Voltage
V2P8-Pin Voltage
Temperature Monitoring
Oscillator
Oscillation Period
TOSC
CTIME = 15nF
Logic Outputs
STATUS Logic Low Sink Current
Pin Voltage = 0.8V
5
-
-
mA
STATUS Leakage Current
VVIN = VSTATUS = 5V
-
-
1
µA
EN Input Logic High
2.0
-
3.3
V
EN Input Logic Low
-
-
0.8
V
EN Pin Current When Driven Low
-
-
100
µA
Notes:
6. The accuracy includes all errors except the programming resistance tolerance. The actual charge current may be affected by the thermal
foldback function if the thermal dissipation capability is not enough or by the on resistance of the power MOSFET if the charger input
voltage is too close to the output voltage.
7. Ensured by characterization.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 6 of 21
ISL9203A
3.
3. Typical Operating Performance
Typical Operating Performance
Test conditions: VIN = 5V, TA = +25°C, RIREF = RIMIN = 80kΩ, VBAT = 3.7V, unless otherwise noted.
4.2015
4.210
4.2010
4.208
4.206
RIREF = 40kΩ
4.2005
Charge Current = 50mA
4.204
VBAT (V)
VBAT (V)
4.2000
4.1995
4.1990
4.202
4.200
4.198
4.196
4.1985
4.194
4.1980
4.192
4.190
4.1975
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
0
20
40
Charge Current (A)
60
80
100
120
Temperature (°C)
Figure 3. Charger Output Voltage vs Charge Current
Figure 4. Charger Output Voltage vs Temperature
2.0
4.30
1.8
Charge Current = 50mA
Charge Current (A)
4.25
VBAT (V)
2A
1.6
4.20
4.15
1.4
1.5A
1.2
1.0
1A
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.5A
0.2
4.10
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.1
5.4
5.7
6
0.0
6.3
3.0
VIN (V)
Figure 5. Charger Output Voltage vs Input Voltage
Charge Current is 50mA
3.2
3.4
3.6
VVBAT (V)
3.8
4.0
Figure 6. Charge Current vs Output Voltage
1.6
2.0
1.4
1.8
1.5A
1.6
Charge Current (A)
Charge Current (A)
1.2
1.0
1.0A
0.8
0.6
0.5A
0.4
1.5A
1.2
1.0
0.8
1A
0.6
0.4
0.5A
0.2
0.2
0.0
1.4
0.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Temperature (°C)
Figure 7. Charge Current vs Ambient Temperature
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.5
VIN (V)
Figure 8. Charge Current vs Input Voltage
Page 7 of 21
ISL9203A
3. Typical Operating Performance
Test conditions: VIN = 5V, TA = +25°C, RIREF = RIMIN = 80kΩ, VBAT = 3.7V, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
3.00
2.930
2.95
2.928
V2P8 Pin Loaded with 2mA
V2P8 Voltage (V)
V2P8 Voltage (V)
2.90
2.926
2.924
2.922
2.85
2.80
2.75
2.920
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
2.70
6.5
0
2
VIN (V)
Figure 9. V2P8 Output vs Input Voltage
rDS(ON) (mΩ)
rDS(ON) (mΩ)
380
500
450
400
350
360
340
320
300
300
280
250
260
3.0
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
VBAT (V)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 11. rDS(ON) vs Temperature at 3.7V Output
Figure 12. rDS(ON) vs Output Voltage Using Current
Limited Adapters
1.8
50
1.6
45
VIN Quiescent Current (µA)
VBAT Leakage Current (µA)
10
500mA Charge
Current, RIREF = 40k
400
550
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
EN = GND
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0.2
0.0
8
420
Thermal Foldback Starts
Near +100°C
600
6
Figure 10. V2P8 Output vs Load Current
700
650
4
V2P8 Load Current (mA)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (°C)
Figure 13. Reverse Current vs Temperature
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
120
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Temperature (°C)
Figure 14. Input Quiescent Current vs Temperature
Page 8 of 21
ISL9203A
3. Typical Operating Performance
Test conditions: VIN = 5V, TA = +25°C, RIREF = RIMIN = 80kΩ, VBAT = 3.7V, unless otherwise noted. (Continued)
32
30
1.10
EN = GND
VIN Quiescent Current (mA)
VIN Quiescent Current (µA)
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
1.05
1.00
0.95
Both VBAT and EN
Pins Floating
0.90
0.85
12
10
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
0.80
4.3
6.5
4.6
4.9
VIN (V)
5.2
5.5
5.8
6.1
6.4
VIN (V)
Figure 15. Input Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage
When Shut Down
Figure 16. Input Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage
When Not Shut Down
28
24
Status Pin Current (mA)
20
16
12
8
4
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Status Pin Voltage (V)
Figure 17. Status Pin Voltage vs Current When the Open-Drain MOSFET Turns On
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 9 of 21
ISL9203A
4.
4. Theory of Operation
Theory of Operation
The ISL9203A is an integrated charger for single-cell Li-ion or Li-polymer batteries. The ISL9203A functions as a
traditional linear charger when powered with a voltage-source adapter. When powered with a current-limited
adapter, the charger minimizes the thermal dissipation commonly seen in traditional linear chargers.
As a linear charger, the ISL9203A charges a battery in the popular Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage
(CV) profile. The constant charge current IREF is programmable up to 1.5A with an external resistor. The charge
voltage VCH has 1% accuracy across the entire recommended operating condition range. The charger always
preconditions the battery with 10% of the programmed current at the beginning of a charge cycle until the battery
voltage is verified to be above the minimum fast charge voltage, VMIN. This low-current preconditioning charge
mode is called trickle mode. The verification takes 15 cycles of an internal oscillator with a period that is
programmable with the timing capacitor.
Power Up
VIN > VPOR?
N
Y
POR
Initialization
Reset STATUS
Reset Counter
CC
Charge
Charge
Trickle
Y
VSEN > V MIN?
VSEN >= V CH?
CV
Charge
Y
N
N
Constant Current
Charge
Trickle Charge
ICH < IMIN?
Y
N
Constant Voltage
Charge
EOC Indication:
Set Status HIGH
Y
VSEN < V RECHRG?
N
Y
EN Toggled?
N
EOC
Figure 18. Charging State Diagram
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 10 of 21
ISL9203A
4. Theory of Operation
A thermal-foldback feature removes the thermal concern typically seen in linear chargers. The charger reduces
the charge current automatically as the IC internal temperature rises above +100°C to prevent further
temperature rise. The thermal-foldback feature ensures safe operation when the PCB is space-limited for thermal
dissipation.
Two indication pins are available from the charger to indicate the charge status. The V2P8 pin outputs a 2.8V DC
voltage when the input voltage is above the Power-On Reset (POR) level and can be used as a power-present
indication. The V2P8 pin can source a 2mA current, so it can also be used to bias external circuits. The STATUS
pin is an open-drain logic output that goes LOW at the beginning of a charge cycle and stays LOW until the
end-of-charge (EOC) condition is qualified. The EOC condition is met when the battery voltage rises above a
recharge threshold and the charge current falls below an EOC current threshold. When the EOC condition is
qualified, the STATUS output goes HIGH and is latched. The latch is released at the beginning of a recharge
cycle, when the EN is toggled, or after the chip is power cycled.
If the ISL9203A has not been power cycled and the EN pin is not toggled, but the VSEN voltage drops below the
recharge level, the device re-enters charge mode. In this condition, the charger indicates a recharge cycle by
bringing the STATUS pin LOW.
When the wall adapter is not present, the ISL9203A draws less than 1µA of current from the battery.
Figure 19 shows the typical charge curves in a traditional linear charger powered with a constant-voltage adapter.
Trickle
Mode
VIN
VCH
Constant Current Constant Voltage
Mode
Mode
Inhibit
Input Voltage
Battery Voltage
VMIN
IREF
Charge Current
IREF/10
P1
P2
P3
Power Dissipation
Figure 19. Typical Charge Curves Using a Constant-Voltage Adapter
From the top to bottom, the curves represent the constant input voltage, the battery voltage, the charge current,
and the power dissipation in the charger.
The power dissipation PCH is given by the following equation:
(EQ. 1)
P CH = V IN – V BAT I CHARGE
where ICHARGE is the charge current. The maximum power dissipation occurs during the beginning of CC mode.
The maximum power the ISL9203A is capable of dissipating is dependent on the thermal impedance of the
Printed-Circuit Board (PCB). The dotted lines in Figure 19 show two cases where the charge currents are limited
by the maximum power dissipation capability due to the thermal foldback.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 11 of 21
ISL9203A
4. Theory of Operation
When using a current-limited adapter, the thermal situation in the ISL9203A is totally different. Figure 20 shows
the typical charge curves when a current-limited adapter is used. The operation requires the IREF to be
programmed higher than the limited current ILIM of the adapter, as Figure 20 shows. The key difference of the
charger operating under such conditions occurs during CC mode.
Trickle
Mode
Constant Current Constant Voltage
Mode
Mode
EOC
Input Voltage
VIN
VCH
Battery Voltage
VMIN
IREF
ILIM
Charge Current
IREF/10
P1
P2
Power Dissipation
Figure 20. Typical Charge Curves Using a Current Limited Adapter
The block diagram (Figure 2 on page 3) aids in understanding the operation of the ISL9203A. The current loop
consists of the current amplifier CA and the sense MOSFET QSEN. The current reference IR is programmed by
the IREF pin. The current amplifier CA regulates the gate of the sense MOSFET QSEN so that the sensed current
ISEN matches the reference current IR. The main MOSFET QMAIN and the sense MOSFET QSEN form a current
mirror with a ratio of 100000:1; that is, the output charge current is 100,000 times IR.
In CC mode, the current loop tries to increase the charge current by enhancing the sense MOSFET QSEN so the
sensed current matches the reference current. However, the adapter current is limited, so the actual output
current never reaches what is required by the current reference. As a result, the current error amplifier CA keeps
enhancing the QSEN and the main MOSFET QMAIN until they are fully turned on. Therefore, the main MOSFET
becomes a power switch instead of a linear regulation device. The power dissipation in CC mode becomes:
(EQ. 2)
P CH = r DS ON I CHARGE
2
where rDS(ON) is the resistance when the main MOSFET is fully turned on. This power is typically much less than
the peak power in the traditional linear mode.
The worst power dissipation when using a current-limited adapter typically occurs at the beginning of the CV
mode, as Figure 20 shows. Equation 1 on page 11 applies during the CV mode. When using a very small PCB
with a relatively large thermal impedance, it is possible for the internal temperature to reach the thermal foldback
threshold. In that case, the IC is thermally protected by lowering the charge current, as shown by the dotted lines
in the charge current and power curves in Figure 20. Appropriate adapter design can further reduce the ISL9203A
peak power dissipation. See the Application Information section of the ISL6292 datasheet for more information.
Figure 21 on page 13 shows the typical signal waveforms for the linear charger from power-up to a recharge
cycle. See “Application Information” on page 13 for more detailed application information.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 12 of 21
ISL9203A
5.
5.1
5. Application Information
Application Information
Power-On-Reset (POR)
The ISL9203A resets itself as the input voltage rises above the POR rising threshold. The V2P8 pin outputs a
2.8V voltage, the internal oscillator starts to oscillate, the internal timer is reset, and the charger begins to charge
the battery. The STATUS pin indicates a LOW logic signal. Figure 21 shows the startup of the charger between t0
to t2.
VIN
POR Threshold
V2P8
Charge Cycle
Charge Cycle
STATUS
At Least 15
Cycles
VRECHRG
2.8V VMIN
VBAT
IMIN
ICHARGE
t0
t1 t2 t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
Figure 21. Operation Waveforms
The ISL9203A has a typical rising POR threshold of 3.4V and a falling POR threshold of 2.4V. The 2.4V falling
threshold ensures charger operation with a current-limited adapter to minimize the thermal dissipation.
5.2
Charge Cycle
A charge cycle consists of three charge modes:
• Trickle mode
• Constant Current (CC) mode
• Constant Voltage (CV) mode
The charge cycle always starts with trickle mode until the battery voltage stays above VMIN (2.3V typical) for
15 consecutive cycles of the internal oscillator. If the battery voltage drops below VMIN during the 15 cycles, the
15-cycle counter is reset and the charger stays in trickle mode. The charger moves to the CC mode after verifying
the battery voltage is above VMIN.
When the battery pack terminal voltage rises to the final charge voltage VCH, CV mode begins. The terminal
voltage is regulated at the constant VCH in the CV mode and the charge current declines. After the charge current
drops below IMIN (1/10 of IREF, see “End-of-Charge (EOC) Current” on page 15 for more detail) the ISL9203A
indicates the end-of-charge with the STATUS pin. The charging operation does not terminate. Signals in a charge
cycle are shown in Figure 21 between points t2 and t5.
The end of charge indicator (STATUS) is not set if the charging current is below IMIN within the first 16 cycles after
VBAT exceeds the VRECHRG voltage. If the charge current is still below IMIN after these 16 cycles, STATUS goes
high to indicate end of charge.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 13 of 21
ISL9203A
5. Application Information
The following events initiate a new charge cycle:
• POR
• The battery voltage drops below a recharge threshold
• The EN pin is toggled from GND to floating
See the following sections for more information about these events.
5.3
Recharge
After a charge cycle completes, the charger continues to regulate the output at the constant voltage, but the
STATUS pin indicates that the charging is completed. The STATUS pin stays high until the battery voltage drops
to below the recharge threshold, VRECHRG (see “Electrical Specifications” on page 5). The STATUS pin then goes
low and a new charge cycle starts at point t6. The charge cycle ends at point t7 with the STATUS pin again going
high, as shown in Figure 21 on page 13.
5.4
Internal Oscillator
The internal oscillator establishes a timing reference. The oscillation period is programmable with an external
timing capacitor, CTIME, as shown in “Typical Application” on page 2. The oscillator charges the timing capacitor to
1.5V and discharges it to 0.5V in one period, both with 10A current. The period TOSC is:
6
T OSC = 0.2 10 C TIME
(EQ. 3)
sec onds
A 1nF capacitor results in a 0.2ms oscillation period. The accuracy of the period is mainly dependent on the
accuracy of the capacitance and the internal current source.
5.5
Charge Current Programming
The charge current in the CC mode is programmed by the IREF pin. The voltage of IREF is regulated to a 0.8V
reference voltage. The charging current during the constant current mode is 100000 times that of the current in
the RIREF resistor. Therefore, the charge current is:
5
0.8V
I REF = ----------------- 10 A
R IREF
(EQ. 4)
Table 1 shows the charge current vs selected RIREF values. The typical trickle charge current is 10% of the
programmed constant charge current.
Table 1.
Charge Current vs RIREF Values
Charge Current (mA)
RIREF (kΩ)
Min
Typ
Max
267 ~ 160
17% lower than Typ value
= IREF
in Equation 5 on page 15
17% higher than Typ value
160
450
500
550
100
720
800
880
88.9
810
900
990
80
900
1000
1100
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 14 of 21
ISL9203A
5. Application Information
Table 2 shows the trickle charge current tolerance guidance at given RIREF values, when the battery voltage is
between 0V and 2.5V.
Table 2.
Trickle Charge Current vs RIREF Values
Trickle Charge Current (mA)
RIREF (k)
Min
Typ
Max
267
15
30
60
160
30
50
80
100
40
80
120
88.9
45
90
135
80
70
100
150
Note:
8. The values in Tables 1 and 2 are not tested and are only for guidance in selecting resistor values for mass production tests or in customer’s
products.
5.6
End-of-Charge (EOC) Current
The EOC current IMIN sets the level at which the charger starts to indicate the end of the charge with the STATUS
pin, as shown in Figure 21 on page 13. The charger does not actually terminate charging. In the ISL9203A, the
EOC current is internally set to 1/10 of the CC charge current, that is:
1
I MIN = ------ I REF
10
(EQ. 5)
At the EOC, the STATUS signal rises to HIGH and is latched. The latch is not reset until a recharge cycle or a new
charge cycle starts. The tolerance guidance for the EOC current at selected RIREF values are given in Table 3.
Table 3.
EOC Current vs RIREF Values
EOC Current (mA)
RIREF (kΩ)
Min
Typ
Max
267
15
30
60
160
30
50
80
100
40
80
120
88.9
45
90
135
80
70
100
150
Note:
9. The values in this table are not tested and are only for guidance in selecting resistor values for mass production tests or in customer’s
products.
5.7
Charge Current Thermal Foldback
Overheating is always a concern in a linear charger. The maximum power dissipation usually occurs at the
beginning of a charge cycle when the battery voltage is at its minimum but the charge current is at its maximum.
The ISL9203A’s charge current thermal foldback function prevents overheating.
Figure 22 on page 16 shows the current signals at the summing node of the current error amplifier CA in the block
diagram.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 15 of 21
ISL9203A
5. Application Information
IR
IT
I SEN
+100°C Temperature
Figure 22. Current Signals at the Amplifier CA Input
IR is the reference and IT is the current from the Temperature Monitoring block. IT has no impact on the charge
current until the internal temperature reaches approximately +100°C; then IT rises at a rate of 1µA/°C. When IT
rises, the current control loop forces the sensed current ISEN to reduce at the same rate. As a mirrored current,
the charge current is 100000 times that of the sensed current and reduces at a rate of 100mA/°C. For a charger
with the constant charge current set at 1A, the charge current is reduced to zero when the internal temperature
rises to +110°C. The actual charge current settles between +100°C to +110°C.
The charge current should not drop below IMIN because of the thermal foldback. If the charge current does drop
below IMIN in extreme cases, the charger does not indicate end-of-charge unless the battery voltage is already
above the recharge threshold.
5.8
2.8V Bias Voltage
The ISL9203A provides a 2.8V voltage for biasing the internal control and logic circuit. This voltage is also
available for external circuits such as the NTC thermistor circuit. The maximum allowed external load is 2mA.
5.9
Indications
The ISL9203A has two indications: the input presence and the charge status. The input presence is indicated by
the V2P8 pin and the charge status is indicated by the STATUS pin. Figure 23 shows the V2P8 pin voltage vs the
input voltage.
3.4V
2.4V
VIN
2.8V
V2P8
Figure 23. V2P8 Pin Output vs Input Voltage at the VIN Pin.
Vertical: 1V/Div, Horizontal: 100ms/Div
5.10
STATUS Pull-Up Resistor
The STATUS pin is an open-drain output that needs an external pull-up resistor. Renesas recommends pulling
this pin up to the input voltage or the 2.8V from the V2P8 pin. If the STATUS pin has to be pulled up to other
voltages, carefully examine whether the ESD diodes form a leakage current path to the battery when the input
power is removed. If the leakage path does exist, an external transistor is required to break the path.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 16 of 21
ISL9203A
5. Application Information
Figure 24 shows the implementation of the pull-up circuit. If the STATUS pin is directly pulled up to the VCC
voltage (not shown in Figure 24), a current flows from VCC to the STATUS pin, then through the ESD diode to the
VIN pin. Any leakage on the VIN pin caused by an external or internal current path results in a current path from
VCC to ground.
VIN
RLKG
VIN or
V2P8
Control
EN
VCC
R1
Q1
ESD Diode
Status
GND
Note:
RLKG is approximately 240kΩ when EN is floating and
is approximately 140kΩ when the EN is grounded.
Figure 24. Pull-Up Circuit to Avoid Battery
Leakage Current in the ESD Diodes
The N-Channel MOSFET Q1 buffers the STATUS pin. The Q1 gate is connected to VIN or the V2P8 pin. When the
STATUS pin outputs a logic low signal, Q1 is turned on and its drain outputs a low signal as well. When STATUS is
high impedance, R1 pulls the Q1 drain to high. When the input power is removed, the Q1 gate voltage is also
removed, so the Q1 drain stays high.
5.11
Shutdown
The ISL9203A can be shut down by pulling the EN pin to ground. When shut down, the charger draws typically
less than 30µA current from the input power and the 2.8V output at the V2P8 pin is also turned off. The EN pin
must be driven with an open-drain or open-collector logic output, so that the EN pin is floating when the charger is
enabled. If the EN pin is driven by an external source, the POR threshold voltage is affected.
5.12
Input and Output Capacitor Selection
Due to the inductance of the power leads of the wall adapter or USB source, the input capacitor type must be
properly selected to prevent high voltage transient during a hot-plug event. A tantalum capacitor is a good choice
for its high ESR and provides damping to the voltage transient. However, multi-layer ceramic capacitors have a
very low ESR; when used as input capacitors, you must use a 1Ω series resistor to provide adequate damping, as
shown in Figure 1 on page 1.
The output capacitor can be any ceramic type with the value higher than 0.1µF. However, if there is a chance the
charger will be used as an LDO linear regulator, a 10µF tantalum capacitor is recommended.
Note: The charger always steps through the 15-cycle VMIN verification time before the charge current rises to the
constant charge current. Therefore, when the system is used as an LDO, it should not load the charger heavily
until the 15-cycle verification is complete.
5.13
Working with Current-Limited Adapters
The ISL9203A can work with a current-limited adapter to significantly reduce the thermal dissipation during
charging. See the ISL6292 datasheet for more details.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 17 of 21
ISL9203A
5.14
5. Application Information
Board Layout Recommendations
The ISL9203A internal thermal foldback function limits the charge current when the internal temperature reaches
approximately +100°C. To maximize the current capability, it is very important that the exposed pad under the
package is properly soldered to the board and is connected to other layers through thermal vias. More thermal
vias and more copper attached to the exposed pad usually result in better thermal performance. However, the
number of vias is limited by the size of the pad. The 3x3 DFN package allows eight vias to be placed in two rows.
Because the pins on the 3x3 DFN package are on only two sides, connect as much top layer copper as possible
to the exposed pad to minimize the thermal impedance. See the ISL6292 evaluation boards for layout examples.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 18 of 21
ISL9203A
6.
6. Revision History
Revision History
Rev.
Date
Description
1.00
Jun.14.19
Updated Related Literature section.
Updated links throughout document.
Updated ordering information table on page 4:
Corrected part marking numbers.
Added Tape and Reel quantity column.
Added MSL note.
Added revision history.
Updated package outline drawing from revision 3 to revision 11. Changes are as follows:
-Revision 3: POD created from L10.3X3
-Revision 4: Added Typical Recommended Land Pattern
-Revision 5: New Revision, Converted to newer standard
-Revision 6:
Changed Note 4 from "Dimension b applies..." to "Lead width applies..."
Changed Note callout in Detail X from 4 to 5
Changed height in side view from 0.90 MAX to 1.00 MAX
Added Note 4 callout next to lead width in Bottom View
In Land Pattern, corrected lead shape for 4 corner pins to "L" shape (was rectangular and did not match
bottom view)
-Revision 7:
Removed package outline and included center to center distance between lands on recommended land
pattern.
Removed Note 4 "Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.18mm and
0.30mm from the terminal tip." since it is not applicable to this package. Renumbered notes accordingly.
-Revision 8: Corrected L-shaped leads in Bottom view and land pattern so that they align with the rest of the
leads (L shaped leads were shorter)
-Revision 9: Added missing dimension 0.415 in Typical Recommended land pattern.
-Revision 10: Shortened the e-pad rectangle on both the recommended land pattern and the package bottom
view to line up with the centers of the corner pins.
-Revision 11: Tiebar Note 4 updated
From: Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
To: Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature and may be located on any of the 4 sides (or ends).
Applied new template.
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
Page 19 of 21
ISL9203A
7.
7. Package Outline Drawing
Package Outline Drawing
For the most recent package outline drawing, see L10.3x3.
L10.3x3
10 LEAD DUAL FLAT PACKAGE (DFN)
Rev 11, 3/15
3.00
5
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
A
B
1
5
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
(4X)
3.00
2.00
8x 0.50
2
10 x 0.23
0.10
1.60
TOP VIEW
10x 0.35
BOTTOM VIEW
(4X)
0.10 M C A B
0.415
0.200
0.23
0.35
(10 x 0.55)
SEE DETAIL "X"
(10x 0.23)
1.00
MAX
0.10 C
0.20
2.00
(8x 0.50)
BASE PLANE
C
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW
0.415
C
1.60
0.20 REF
4
0.05
2.85 TYP
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
FN6430 Rev.1.00
Jun.14.19
1.
Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2.
Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5m-1994.
3.
Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4.
Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature and may be
located on any of the 4 sides (or ends).
5.
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
Page 20 of 21
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