X9221A

® X9221A 64 Taps, 2-Wire Serial Bus Data Sheet September 14, 2005 FN8163.1 Dual Digitally Controlled Potentiometer (XDCP™) FEATURES • Two XDCPs in one package • 2-wire serial interface • Register oriented format, 8 registers total —Directly write wiper position —Read wiper position —Store as many as four positions per pot • Instruction format —Quick transfer of register contents to resistor array • Direct write cell —Endurance–100,000 writes per bit per register • Resistor array values —2kΩ, 10kΩ, 50kΩ • Resolution: 64 taps each pot • 20 Ld plastic DIP and 20-lead SOIC packages • Pb-free plus anneal available (RoHS compliant) DESCRIPTION The X9221A integrates two digitally controlled potentiometers (XDCP) on a monolithic CMOS integrated microcircuit. The digitally controlled potentiometer is implemented using 63 resistive elements in a series array. Between each element are tap points connected to the wiper terminal through switches. The position of the wiper on the array is controlled by the user through the 2-wire bus interface. Each potentiometer has associated with it a volatile Wiper Counter Register (WCR) and 2 nonvolatile Data Registers (DR0:DR1) that can be directly written to and read by the user. The contents of the WCR controls the position of the wiper on the resistor array through the switches. Power up recalls the contents of DR0 to the WCR. The XDCP can be used as a three-terminal potentiometer or as a two-terminal variable resistor in a wide variety of applications including control, parameter adjustments, and signal processing. BLOCK DIAGRAM Pot 0 VCC VSS R0 R1 Wiper Counter Register (WCR) VH0/RH0 R2 R3 SCL SDA A0 A1 A2 A3 VL0/RL0 VW0/RW0 Interface and Control Circuitry Data 8 R0 R1 Wiper Counter Register (WCR) Register Array Pot 1 VH1/RH1 R2 R3 VL1/RL1 VW1/RW1 1 CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. XDCP is a trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2005. All Rights Reserved All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. X9221A Ordering Information PART NUMBER X9221AYP X9221AYPZ (Note) X9221AYPI X9221AYPIZ (Note) X9221AYS* X9221AYSZ* (Note) X9221AYSI* X9221AYSIZ* (Note) X9221AWP X9221AWPZ (Note) X9221AWPI X9221AWPIZ (Note) X9221AWS* X9221AWSZ* (Note) X9221AWSI* X9221AWSIZ* (Note) X9221AUP X9221AUPZ (Note) X9221AUPI X9221AUPIZ (Note) X9221AUS* X9221AUSZ* (Note) X9221AUSI* X9221AUSIZ* (Note) PART MARKING X9221AYP X9221AYP Z X9221AYPI X9221AYPI Z X9221AYS X9221AYS Z X9221AYSI X9221AYSI Z X9221AWP X9221AWP Z X9221AWPI X9221AWPI Z X9221AWS X9221AWS Z X9221AWSI X9221AWSI Z X9221AUP X9221AUP Z X9221AUPI X9221AUPI Z X9221AUS X9221AUS Z X9221AUSI X9221AUSI Z 50 10 VCC LIMITS (V) 5 ±10% RTOTAL (K) 2 TEMP RANGE (°C) 0 to 70 0 to 70 -40 to 85 -40 to 85 0 to 70 0 to 70 -40 to 85 -40 to 85 0 to 70 0 to 70 -40 to 85 -40 to 85 0 to 70 0 to 70 -40 to 85 -40 to 85 0 to 70 0 to 70 -40 to 85 -40 to 85 0 to 70 0 to 70 -40 to 85 -40 to 85 20 Ld PDIP 20 Ld PDIP (Pb-free) 20 Ld PDIP 20 Ld PDIP (Pb-Free) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) (Pb-Free) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) (Pb-Free) 20 Ld PDIP 20 Ld PDIP (Pb-Free) 20 Ld PDIP 20 Ld PDIP (Pb-Free) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) (Pb-Free) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) (Pb-Free) 20 Ld PDIP 20 Ld PDIP (Pb-Free) 20 Ld PDIP 20 Ld PDIP (Pb-Free) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) (Pb-Free) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) 20 Ld SOIC (300MIL) (Pb-Free) PACKAGE *Add "T1" suffix for tape and reel. NOTE: Intersil Pb-free plus anneal products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate termination finish, which are RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020. 2 FN8163.1 September 14, 2005 X9221A PIN DESCRIPTIONS Host Interface Pins SCL PIN NAMES Symbol SDA A0–A3 VH0/RH0-VH1/RH1, VL0/RH0-VL1/RL0 VW0/RW0-VW1/RW1 RES Description Serial Clock Serial Data Address Potentiometers (terminal equivalent) Potentiometers (wiper equivalent) Reserved (Do not connect) Serial Clock (SCL) The SCL input is used to clock data into and out of the X9221A. Serial Data (SDA) SDA is a bidirectional pin used to transfer data into and out of the device. It is an open drain output and may be wire-ORed with any number of open drain or open collector outputs. An open drain output requires the use of a pull-up resistor. For selecting typical values, refer to the guidelines for calculating typical values on the bus pull-up resistors graph. Address The Address inputs are used to set the least significant 4 bits of the 8-bit slave address. A match in the slave address serial data stream must be made with the Address input in order to initiate communication with the X9221A Potentiometer Pins VH/RH(VH0/RH0-VH1/RH1), VL/RL (VL0/RL0-VL1/RL1) The VH/RH and VL/RL inputs are equivalent to the terminal connections on either end of a mechanical potentiometer. VW/RW (VW0/RW0-VW1/RW1) The wiper outputs are equivalent to the wiper output of a mechanical potentiometer. PIN CONFIGURATION DIP/SOIC VW0/RW0 VL0/RL0 VH0/RL0 A0 A2 VW1/RW1 VL1/RL1 VH1/RH1 SDA VSS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 X9221A 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 VCC RES RES RES A1 A3 SCL RES RES RES PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION The X9221A is a highly integrated microcircuit incorporating two resistor arrays, their associated registers and counters and the serial interface logic providing direct communication between the host and the XDCP potentiometers. Serial Interface The X9221A supports a bidirectional bus oriented protocol. The protocol defines any device that sends data onto the bus as a transmitter and the receiving device as the receiver. The device controlling the transfer is a master and the device being controlled is the slave. The master will always initiate data transfers and provide the clock for both transmit and receive operations. Therefore, the X9221A will be considered a slave device in all applications. Clock and Data Conventions Data states on the SDA line can change only during SCL LOW periods (tLOW). SDA state changes during SCL HIGH are reserved for indicating start and stop conditions. Start Condition All commands to the X9221A are preceded by the start condition, which is a HIGH to LOW transition of SDA while SCL is HIGH (tHIGH). The X9221A continuously monitors the SDA and SCL lines for the start condition, and will not respond to any command until this condition is met. Stop Condition All communications must be terminated by a stop condition, which is a LOW to HIGH transition of SDA while SCL is HIGH. 3 FN8163.1 September 14, 2005 X9221A Acknowledge Acknowledge is a software convention used to provide a positive handshake between the master and slave devices on the bus to indicate the successful receipt of data. The transmitting device, either the master or the slave, will release the SDA bus after transmitting eight bits. The master generates a ninth clock cycle and during this period the receiver pulls the SDA line LOW to acknowledge that it successfully received the eight bits of data. See Figure 7. The X9221A will respond with an acknowledge after recognition of a start condition and its slave address and once again after successful receipt of the command byte. If the command is followed by a data byte the X9221A will respond with a final acknowledge. Array Description The X9221A is comprised of two resistor arrays. Each array contains 63 discrete resistive segments that are connected in series. The physical ends of each array are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer (VH/RH and VL/RL inputs). At both ends of each array and between each resistor segment is a FET switch connected to the wiper (VW/RW) output. Within each individual array only one switch may be turned on at a time. These switches are controlled by the Wiper Counter Register (WCR). The six least significant bits of the WCR are decoded to select, and enable, one of sixty-four switches. The WCR may be written directly, or it can be changed by transferring the contents of one of four associated data registers into the WCR. These data registers and the WCR can be read and written by the host system. Device Addressing Following a start condition the master must output the address of the slave it is accessing. The most significant four bits of the slave address are the device type identifier (refer to Figure 1 below). For the X9221A this is fixed as 0101[B]. Figure 1. Slave Address Device Type Identifier 0 1 0 1 A3 A2 A1 A0 Proceed Device Address Proceed The next four bits of the slave address are the device address. The physical device address is defined by the state of the A0-A3 inputs. The X9221A compares the serial data stream with the address input state; a successful compare of all four address bits is required for the X9221A to respond with an acknowledge. Acknowledge Polling The disabling of the inputs, during the internal nonvolatile write operation, can be used to take advantage of the typical 5ms EEPROM write cycle time. Once the stop condition is issued to indicate the end of the nonvolatile write command the X9221A initiates the internal write cycle. ACK polling can be initiated immediately. This involves issuing the start condition followed by the device slave address. If the X9221A is still busy with the write operation no ACK will be returned. If the X9221A has completed the write operation an ACK will be returned and the master can then proceed with the next operation. Flow 1. ACK Polling Sequence Nonvolatile Write Command Completed Enter ACK Polling Issue START Issue Slave Address Issue STOP ACK Returned? YES NO Further Operation? YES Issue Instruction NO Issue STOP 4 FN8163.1 September 14, 2005 X9221A Instruction Structure The next byte sent to the X9221A contains the instruction and register pointer information. The four most significant bits are the instruction. The next four bits point to one of two pots and when applicable they point to one of four associated registers. The format is shown below in Figure 2. Figure 2. Instruction Byte Format t transfer from WCR’s current wiper position to a data register is a write to nonvolatile memory and takes a minimum of tWR to complete. The transfer can occur between either potentiometer and their associated registers or it may occur between both of the potentiometers and one of their associated registers. Four instructions require a three-byte sequence to complete. These instructions transfer data between the host and the X9221A; either between the host and one of the data registers or directly between the host and the WCR. These instructions are: Read WCR, read the current wiper position of the selected pot; Write WCR, change current wiper position of the selected pot; Read Data Register, read the contents of the selected nonvolatile register; Write Data Register, write a new value to the selected data register. The sequence of operations is shown in Figure 4. The Increment/Decrement command is different from the other commands. Once the command is issued and the X9221A has responded with an acknowledge, the master can clock the selected wiper up and/or down in one segment steps; thereby, providing a fine tuning capability to the host. For each SCL clock pulse (tHIGH) while SDA is HIGH, the selected wiper will move one resistor segment towards the VH/RH terminal. Similarly, for each SCL clock pulse while SDA is LOW, the selected wiper will move one resistor segment towards the VL/RL terminal. A detailed illustration of the sequence and timing for this operation are shown in Figures 5 and 6 respectively. Potentiometer Select I3 I2 I1 I0 0 P0 R1 R0 Instructions Register Select The four high order bits define the instruction. The sixth bit (P0) selects which one of the two potentiometers is to be affected by the instruction. The last two bits (R1 and R0) select one of the four registers that is to be acted upon when a register oriented instruction is issued. Four of the nine instructions end with the transmission of the instruction byte. The basic sequence is illustrated in Figure 3. These two-byte instructions exchange data between the WCR and one of the data registers. A transfer from a data register to a WCR is essentially a write to a static RAM. The response of the wiper to this action will be delayed tSTPWV. A Figure 3. Two-Byte Command Sequence SCL SDA S T A R T 0 1 0 1 A3 A2 A1 A0 A C K I3 I2 I1 I0 0 P0 R1 R0 A C K S T O P 5 FN8163.1 September 14, 2005 X9221A Figure 4. Three-Byte Command Sequence SCL SDA S T A R T 0 1 0 1 A3 A2 A1 A0 A C K I3 I2 I1 I0 0 P0 R1 R0 A C K 0 0 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 A C K S T O P Figure 5. Increment/Decrement Command Sequined e SCL SDA S T A R T X X 0 1 0 1 A3 A2 A1 A0 A C K I3 I2 I1 I0 0 P0 R1 R0 A C K I N C 1 I N C 2 I N C n D E C 1 D E C n S T O P Figure 6. Increment/Decrement Timing Limits INC/DEC CMD Issued SCL tCLWV SDA VW/RW Voltage Out 6 FN8163.1 September 14, 2005 X9221A Table 1. Instruction Set Instruction Format Instruction Read WCR Write WCR Read Data Register Write Data Register XFR Data Register to WCR XFR WCR to Data Register Global XFR Data Register to WCR Global XFR WCR to Data Register Increment/Decrement Wiper Note: I3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 I2 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 I1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 I0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N/A P0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 N/A R1 N/A(7) N/A 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 R0 N/A N/A 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 Operation Read the contents of the Wiper Counter Register pointed to by P0 Write new value to the Wiper Counter Register pointed to by P0 Read the contents of the Register pointed to by P0 and R1–R0 Write new value to the Register pointed to by P0 and R1–R0 Transfer the contents of the Register pointed to by P0 and R1–R0 to its associated WCR Transfer the contents of the WCR pointed to by P0 to the Register pointed to by R1–R0 Transfer the contents of the Data Registers pointed to by R1–R0 of both pots to their respective WCR Transfer the contents of all WCRs to their respective data Registers pointed to by R1–R0 of both pots Enable Increment/decrement of the WCR pointed to by P0 1 0 0 0 N/A N/A 1/0 1/0 0 0 1 0 0 1/0 N/A N/A (7) N/A = Not applicable or don’t care; that is, a data register is not involved in the operation and need not be addressed (typical) Figure 7. Acknowledge Response from Receiver SCL from Master 1 8 9 Data Output from Transmitter Data Output from Receiver START Acknowledge 7 FN8163.1 September 14, 2005 X9221A DETAILED OPERATION Both XDCP potentiometers share the serial interface and share a common architecture. Each potentiometer is comprised of a resistor array, a wiper counter register and four data registers. A detailed discussion of the register organization and array operation follows. Wiper Counter Register The X9221A contains two wiper counter registers (WCR), one for each XDCP potentiometer. The WCR can be envisioned as a 6-bit parallel and serial load counter with its outputs decoded to select one of sixtyfour switches along its resistor array. The contents of the WCR can be altered in four ways: it may be written directly by the host via the Write WCR instruction (serial load); it may be written indirectly by transferring the contents of one of four associated data registers via the XFR Data Register instruction (parallel load); it can be modified one step at a time by the Increment/ Decrement instruction; finally, it is loaded with the contents of its data register zero (R0) upon power-up. Figure 8. Detailed Potentiometer Block Diagram The WCR is a volatile register; that is, its contents are lost when the X9221A is powered-down. Although the register is automatically loaded with the value in R0 upon power-up, it should be noted this may be different from the value present at power-down. Data Registers Each potentiometer has four nonvolatile data registers. These can be read or written directly by the host and data can be transferred between any of the four data registers and the WCR. It should be noted all operations changing data in one of these registers is a nonvolatile operation and will take a maximum of 10ms. If the application does not require storage of multiple settings for the potentiometer, these registers can be used as regular memory locations that could possibly store system parameters or user preference data. Serial Data Path From Interface Circuitry Register 0 8 Register 1 6 Serial Bus Input VH/RH Parallel Bus Input Wiper Counter Register Register 2 Register 3 C o u n t e r If WCR = 00[H] then VW/RW = VL/RL If WCR = 3F[H] then VW/RW = VH/RH INC/DEC Logic UP/DN Modified SCL UP/DN CLK D e c o d e VL/RL VW/RW 8 FN8163.1 September 14, 2005 X9221A ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Temperature Under Bias ................... -65°C to +135°C Storage Temperature ........................ -65°C to +150°C Voltage on SCK, SCL or Any Address Input With Respect to VSS ...................... -1V to +7V Voltage on Any VH/RH, VW/RW or VL/RL Referenced to VSS ................................. +6V / -4.3V ∆V = |VH/RH–VL/RL|........................................... 10.3V Lead Temperature (soldering, 10 seconds)....... 300°C IW (10s) ..............................................................±6mA RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Temp Commercial Industrial Min. 0°C -40°C Max. +70°C +85°C Supply Voltage X9221A Limits 5V ± 10% COMMENT Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device (at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification) is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise stated.) Limits Symbol RTOTAL IW RW VTERM Parameter End to End Resistance Power Rating Wiper Current Wiper Resistance Voltage on any VH/RH, VW/RW or VL/RL Pin Noise Resolution Absolute Linearity(1) Relative Linearity(2) Temperature Coefficient Radiometric Temperature Coefficient Min. -20 -3 Typ. Max. +20 50 +3 Unit % mW mA Ω V dBV % Test Conditions 25°C, each pot Wiper Current = ±1mA 40 -3.0 ≤120 1.6 -1 -0.2 ±300 130 +5 Ref: 1V See Note 5 Vw(n)(actual - Vw(n)(expected) Vw(n + 1) - [Vw(n) + MI] See Note 5 See Note 5 See circuit #3 +1 +0.2 ±20 10/10/25 MI(3) MI(3) ppm/°C ppm/°C pF CH/CL/CW Potentiometer Capacitances 9 FN8163.1 September 14, 2005 X9221A D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise stated.) Limits Symbol lCC ISB ILI ILO VIH VIL VOL Parameter Supply Current (Active) VCC Current (Standby) Input Leakage Current Output Leakage Current Input HIGH Voltage Input LOW Voltage Output LOW Voltage Min. Typ. 200 Max. 3 500 10 10 Unit mA µA µA µA V V V IOL = 3mA Test Conditions fSCL = 100kHz, SDA = Open, Other Inputs = VSS SCL = SDA = VCC, Addr. = VSS VIN = VSS to VCC VOUT = VSS to VCC 2 -1 VCC + 1 0.8 0.4 Notes: (1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage as determined by wiper position when used as a potentiometer. (2) Relative Linearity is utilized to determine the actual change in voltage between two successive tap positions when used as a potentiometer. It is a measure of the error in step size. (3) MI = RTOT/63 or (VH/RH–VL/RL)/63, single pot ENDURANCE AND DATA RETENTION Parameter Minimum endurance Data retention Min. 100,000 100 Unit Data changes per bit per register years CAPACITANCE Symbol CI/O CIN (5) (5) Parameter Input/output capacitance (SDA) Input capacitance (A0, A1, A2, A3 and SCL) Max. 8 6 Unit pF pF Test Conditions VI/O = 0V VIN = 0V POWER-UP TIMING Symbol tPUR (6) Parameter Power-up to initiation of read operation Power-up to initiation of write operation VCC Power-up ramp rate Min. Max. 1 5 Unit ms ms V/msec tPUW(6) tRVCC 0.2 50 Notes: (5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. (6) tPUR and tPUW are the delays required from the time VCC is stable until the specified operation can be initiated. These parameters are periodically sampled and not 100% tested. Power Up Requirements (Power up sequencing can affect correct recall of the wiper registers) The preferred power-on sequence is as follows: First VCC, then the potentiometer pins. It is suggested that VCC reach 90% of its final value before power is applied to the potentiometer pins. The VCC ramp rate specification should be met, and any glitches or slope changes in the VCC line should be held to