LDS8160-002-T2

厂商：
IXYS(艾赛斯)
封装：
WFQFN16
描述：
IC LED DRVR LIN DIM 25MA 16TQFN

数据手册：

下载LDS8160-002-T2.pdf

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数据手册
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LDS8160-002-T2 数据手册

LDS8160 Dual-Output RGB / 6-Channel WLED Driver with LED-SenseTM Temperature & Color Compensation FEATURES  Six PowerLite Linear LDO current drivers with 25 mV drop-out in a common cathode topology with up to 25 mA per channel  LED current programmable from 0 to 25 mA in 200 linear steps  Three separately controlled driver banks (2 LED each) supports RGB LED applications.  Integrated digital temperature sensor with 100 0 bit ADC; 1 C resolution with 5 C accuracy TM  LED-Sense * temperature compensation algorithm continually monitors LED V-I parameters and adjusts brightness per user loaded PWM correction  Three integrated PWM generators support RGB color correction and dimming with 12-bit resolution and 256 user programmable logarithmic steps (~ 0.17 dB per step) 2  I C serial programming interface; additional address pin allows 4 unique slave addresses.  Power efficiency up to 98%; average efficiency > 80% in Li-ion battery applications  Low current shutdown mode (< 1 µA); Low current software “standby mode” (< 5 µA)  Soft start and current limiting  LED Short circuit detection and protection, LED open detection  Thermal shutdown protection  Low EMI.  Available in 3 x 3 x 0.8 mm3 16-pin TQFN or ultra small WCSP 3 x 4 ball grid (0.4mm pitch). TM Each channel contains a linear LDO current driver in a common cathode (i.e., current source) topology. The LDO drivers have a typical dropout voltage of 25mV at maximum rated current. This provides a low power and low EMI solution in Li-ion battery applications without voltage boosting and associated external capacitors and components. Three 12-bit PWM generators with “smooth” logarithmic control support Temperature vs. LED Luminosity adjustments as well, as RGB color correction and dimming. The PWM generators are 2 programmable via an I C serial interface. User programmed 8-bit codes are converted to 12-bit resolution logarithmic steps of ~ 0.17 dB per step. The PWM frequency is ~280 Hz to minimize noise. TM The LED-Sense temperature compensation engine includes a multiplexed 10-bit ADC and digital processing circuits. The algorithm continually measures the V-I characteristics of the LEDs and an on-chip temperature diode to determine LED junction temperatures to within 5ºC accuracy. APPLICATION  Keypad and Display Backlight DESCRIPTION Three user-programmable temperature correction tables (LUTs) store PWM adjustment codes for every 5ºC increment from -35ºC to 120ºC. These codes drive the PWM engine to adjust for luminosity variations and/or high temperature current de-rating. The three correction LUTs support independent correction for 3-color RGB applications. The LDS8160 is a dual-output RGB or 6-channel white LED driver with three temperature compensation circuits for each bank of two LED drivers. It supports both RGB LED and WLED backlighting and keypad in portable applications. The EN logic input functions as a chip enable. A logic HIGH applied at EN allows the LDS8160 to respond 2 to I C communication. A serial address pin, SADD, supports use in multi-target applications. The device operates from 2.3V to 5.5V. Three 8-bit DACs set the current level for each LED bank (A, B, & C) from 0 to 25mA in 0.125mA steps. The LDS8160 is available in a 0.4mm pitch 12-ball WCSP or a 3 x 3 x 0.8 mm 16-lead TQFN packages.  Cellular Phones  Digital Still Cameras  PDAs and Smartphones © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 1 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 2 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter VIN, LEDx EN, SDAT, SCLK voltage Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature Range Soldering Temperature HBM ESD Protection Level MM Rating 6 V IN + 0.7V -65 to +160 -40 to +125 300 2 200 Unit V V °C °C °C kV V RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Parameter VIN ILED per LED pin Total Output Current ILOAD Junction Temperature Range EN pin Input Voltage @ LP Standby Mode Rating 2.3 to 5.5 0 – 25 150 -40 to +125 1.8 ± 0.1 Unit V mA mA °C V Typical application circuit with external components is shown on page 1. ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless specified otherwise) Vin = 3.6V, Cin = 1 µF, EN = High, TAMB = 25°C Name Conditions Min 2 EN = 1.8 V LP Standby (no I C clock) 2 EN = VIN Standby (no I C clock) Quiescent Current 6 Channels at 100% DC ILOAD = 120 mA PWMs and Temp ILOAD = 60 mA Compensations Active Shutdown Current VEN = 0V LED Current Accuracy 5mA ≤ILED ≤25 mA LED Channel Matching (ILED - ILEDAVG ) / I LEDAVG Line Regulation 2.7 V ≤VIN ≤4.2 V 1 Load Regulation 0.2 V < Vdx < V IN -1.4 V 2 Dropout Voltage 5 mA ≤ILED ≤25 mA 10 PWM Frequency # of PWM duty cycle steps Log & Linear Mode Minimum PWM On Time PWM resolution PWM Step Size  of  PWM Adjustment Steps Log Mode Linear Mode Log Mode Linear Mode 1-x Scale Mode (~ 0.17 dB per step) 2-x Scale Mode (~ 0.34 dB per step) EN Pin Logic Level High Low 1 40 Active mode, EN = VIN LP Standby Active Mode or Normal Standby Mode +7 -7 +7 -1 3 PWM 0 Steps/5 C 0 0 1 5 1.2 0.4 450 150 Units µA µA mA mA µA % % %/V %/V mV Hz µs bits bits dB 1 5 Input Current Limit Thermal Shutdown © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice Max -7 Temperature Measurement Resolution Temperature Measurement Accuracy Input current Typ 5 125 0.6 0.4 0.5 ±1.5 ±1.5 2 0.8 25 285 256 13.7 12 8 0.17 ILED/256 C C µA V mA °C Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Name Thermal Hysteresis Wake-up Delay Time (EN Raising Edge) Shutdown Delay Time (EN Falling Edge) LED Driver PWM Ramp-Up time 2 (from PWM write command via I C) 3 Output short circuit Threshold Note: Conditions Min Typ 20 0.5 10 Soft Ramp Disabled Soft Ramping Enabled (only wake-up) ILED = 20 mA Max Units ms 250 ms 0.14 V 1. Vdx = Vin – VF, 2. Vdx = Vin – VF, at which I ILED decreases by 10% from set value 3. Minimum LED forward voltage, which will be interpreted as “LED SHORT” condition I 2C CHARACTERISTICS Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified for 2.7 VIN 5.5V, over full ambient temperature range -40 to +85ºC. Symbol fSCL tHD:STA tLOW tHIGH tSU:STA tHD:DAT tSU:DAT tR tF tSU:STO tBUF tAA tDH Parameter SCL Clock Frequency Hold Time (repeated) START condition LOW period of the SCL clock HIGH period of the SCL clock Set-up Time for a repeated START condition Data In Hold Time Data In Set-up Time Rise Time of both SDAT and SCLK signals Fall Time of both SDAT and SCLK signals Set-up Time for STOP condition Bus Free Time between a STOP and START condition SCLK Low to SDAT Data Out and ACK Out Data Out Hold Time Min 0 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.6 0 100 Max 400 Unit kHz µs µs µs µs µs ns ns ns µs µs µs ns 0.9 300 300 0.6 1.3 0.9 300 2 Figure 1: I C Bus Timing Diagram READ OPERATION: Option 1: Standard protocol sequential read: S Slave Address R A Data 0 A Data 1 From: Reg. m Reg. m+1 where Reg. m is the last addressed in the write operation register A Data 2 Data n A* Reg. m+2 Reg. m+n, P Option 2: Random access: S Slave Address R A Data m A* P From reg. m, where Reg. m is the last addressed in the write operation register © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 4 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Option 3: Random access with combined (extended) protocol: S Slave Address W A Register Address m A Sr Slave Address R A Data m A* P WRITE OPERATION: Option 1: Standard protocol sequencial write: S Slave Address W A Register Address m A Data 0 To: Reg. m A Data 1 Reg. m+1 A Data 2 Reg. m+2 Data k A* P Reg. m+k At k = 4 data are send to register m and cycle repeats Option 2: Combined (extended) protocol: S Slave Address W A Register Address m A Sr Slave Address W A Data A* P To: Reg. m S: Start Condition Sr Start Repeat Condition R, W: Read bit (1), Write bit (0) A: Acknowledge (SDAT high) A*: Not Acknowledge (SDAT low) P: Stop Condition Slave Address: Device address 7 bits (MSB first). Register Address: Device register address 8 bits Data: Data to read or write 8 bits - send by master - send by slave I2 C BUS PROTOCOL Standard protocol Combined protocol: © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 5 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 WRITE INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Standard protocol: Write Instruction Example - Setting 20mA Current in LEDB1 and LEDB2 REGISTER CONFIGURATION AND PROGRAMMING ADDRESS 00h 01h DESCRIPTION Bank A Current setting Bank B Current setting BITS 8 8 02h Bank C Current setting 8 03h Channel Enable 6 04h Global PWM Dimming 8 05h Bank A PWM Duty Cycle 8 06h Bank B PWM Duty Cycle 8 07h Bank C PWM Duty Cycle 8 © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice NOTES Reg00h – Reg02h data code = (ILED / 0.125 mA) (decimal) converted into hex format Bits 5:0 = 1 enables LEDs C2, C1, B2, B1, A2, A1 respectively (See Table 1). Both LEDs from one bank should be disabled to minimize power consumption. Log mode: (default) Simultaneously decreases ILED in banks A – C by ~ – 0.17 dB per step (256 steps). Data Code 00h = 0 dB dimming, FEh = – 72 dB FFh = OFF Example: 50% brightness reduction ( – 6dB) requires: – 6dB / – 0.17dB = 35 (decimal) = 23h steps Linear Mode: Simultaneously decreases ILED in banks A – C by subtracting Global Dimming Code (Reg04h data) from PWM Duty Cycle Code (Reg05h – Reg07h data) Data Code 00h = 0 dimming, If Global Dimming Code is equal or exceeds PWM Duty Cycle Code, ILED = 0 mA. Log Mode: (default): ~ – 0.17dB dimming per LSB for < 98% Dimming Level (i.e. > 2% Duty Cycle) from full scale; Refer to 8 to 12 bit conversion curve (Figure 3 and Table A4.1) for resolution in range 100% to 98% Dimming Level (i.e. 0% to 2% Duty Cycle). Data Code 00h = 0% Duty Cycle or 100% Dimming Level, FFh = 100% Duty Cycle or 0% Dimming Level Example: 50% brightness reduction ( – 6dB) requires: 255 – (– 6 dB / – 0.17 dB) = 255 – 35 = 220 (decimal) = DCh steps Linear Mode: PWM Duty Cycle resolution ~ 0.39% per LSB Code 00h = 0% Duty Cycle, FFh = 100% Duty Cycle 6 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 ADDRESS ` DESCRIPTION BITS 19h Digital Test Mode 8 1Ch LED shorted to GND 6 1Dh LED Fault Detected (LED shorted to V IN or open) 6 1Eh Configuration register 8 1Fh Software reset, Standby 8 49h Ta-Tj Temperature Offset 8 4Ah LED shutdown Temperature 5 4Bh 2-x Table enable and breakpoint (T-code) 6 50h – 5Fh 60h – 6Fh 70h – 7Fh A0h LUT-B ΔPWM code1[7:4], ΔPWM code0[3:0] – ΔPWM code31[7:4], ΔPWM code30[3:0] LUT-G ΔPWM code1[7:4], ΔPWM code0[3:0] – ΔPWM code31[7:4], ΔPWM code30[3:0] LUT-R ΔPWM code1[7:4], ΔPWM code0[3:0] – ΔPWM code31[7:4], ΔPWM code30[3:0] Silicon diode dV F/dT [7:0] © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 8 NOTES See Table 2; Bit 5 = 1 sets user-initiated LED short/open diagnostic Bits from bit 5 to bit 0 represent LED status for LEDC2 – LEDA1 respectively. Bit = 1 represents LED shorted to GND When the corresponding bit in the “faults” detection register, 1Dh, is also High=1, and the associated LED driver current is disabled. Bits from bit 5 to bit 0 represent LED status for LEDC2 – LEDA1 respectively. Bit = 1 represents that an LED Fault is detected. If the corresponding bit in register 1Ch is also High =1, than the LED is shorted to ground and current driver is disabled. If the corresponding bit in register 1Ch is Low=0 than the LED is either shorted to V IN or open See Table 3 See Table 4 Two 4-bit compensation offsets between Ta and Tj: Bit [7:4] = temperature offsets for LED temperature Bit [3:0] = temperature offset for Silicon diode temperature 0 Each LSB = 5°C; temperature adjustment range from -40 C to 0 +35 C Code 1000 in either nibble = -40ºC offset; Code 0111 in either nibble = +35ºC offset. See Tables 5 and 6 Defines T-code, at which LED current shuts down per LED vendor de-rating specification (see Table 7); Factory default 0 value = 11100 (bin) = 1Ch represents 105 C. Bit 5 = 1 – enable 2-x scale LUT ΔPWM code correction (derating) starting at the breakpoint set by T-code (bits 4:0) Bit 5 = 0 – 1-x scale (default) for entire temperature range Bit [4:0] defines T-code, where temperature derating starts, or where 2-x scaling begins (see Table 7) 1-x scale is ~ ± 0.17dB per step 2-x scale is ~ ± 0.34dB per step 2 Two LUT words per I C address. Each word contains two 4-bit numbers representing of ΔPWM codes. See Table 8 and Appendix 1 for LUT programming. Coding is different for Logarithmic and Linear Modes. 8 See above: 8 See above: 8 Silicon diode VF temperature coefficient : Factory recommended value = -1.71 mV/°C = 001 10110 (bin) = 36h, where bits from bit 7 to bit 5 represent integer part [1(decimal) = 001 (bin)], and bits from bit 4 to bit 0 – fractional part [0.710 / 0.03125 = 22 (decimal) = 10110 (bin)] 7 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 ADDRESS A2h DESCRIPTION LED-A dVF/dT [7:0] BITS 8 A4h LED-B dVF/dT [7:0] 8 A6h LED-C dV F/dT [7:0] 8 C0h Silicon diode η[7:0] 8 D0h LED Tj offset [4:0] 5 D2h Silicon diode Ta offset [4:0] 5 D4h Silicon diode Rs offset [7:0] 8 D6h LED-A Rs offset [7:0] 8 D8h LED-B Rs offset [7:0] 8 DAh LED-C Rs offset [7:0] 8 DCh TMIN offset [7:0] 8 NOTES User-loaded V F temperature coefficient for LEDs used at Banks A, B, C respectively. Negative tracking assumed with temperature; Bits from bit 7 to bit 5 represent integer part and bits from bit 4 to bit 0 - fractional part of the coefficient 0 Example: Temperature coefficient = -2.26 mV/ C; Bit 7 – bit 5 = 2 (decimal) = 010 (bin), and Bit 4 – bit 0 = INT{0.26 / 0.03125} = 8 (decimal) = 01000 (bin) User loads 010 01000 (bin) = 48h = -2.25 (closest setting) Silicon diode η(eta) or non-ideality factor: Factory recommended loaded value = 1.0000 = 01000000(bin) = 40h Bits from bit 7 to bit 6 represent integer part and bits from bit 5 to bit 0 - fractional part (resolution = 0.015625 per LSB) Example: η= 1.000; Bit 7 – bit 6 = 1 (decimal) = 01 (bin), and Bit 5 – bit 0 = INT{0.000 / 0.015625} = 0 (dec) = 000000 (bin) User loads 01 000000 = 40h = 1.0000 LED Tj offset from Ta (user-loaded) – correction from ambient temperature to LED junction temperature. Factory default = 04h Accounts for LED package thermal characteristics. See Appendix 3 for details. Silicon diode Tj offset from Ta – correction from ambient temperature to Silicon diode junction temperature. Accounts for LDS8160 package thermal characteristics. Factory default = 02h Silicon diode series resistance offset Factory recommended loaded value = 04h (4 decimal) = ~ 68 Ω=Rs-si -6 Formula (decimal) = 8192 x [(Rs-si x 8 x 10 A)/1.14 V] Rs offset (user-loaded) for Banks A, B, and C LEDs for specific LEDs used. User loads per LED used. (1/slope of high current region of LED I-V characteristic). -4 Formula (decimal) = 8192 x [(Rs Ωx 8 x 10 A) / 1.14V]LEDs Offset to establish minimum T-code = 0 0 This offset insures that -35C will equal T-code = 0. Factory default supplied (237 decimal = EDh) Table 1 Register Address 03h Bit 7 LED OT Flag 1 = OT © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice Bit 6 N/A Channel Enable Register Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Enable Enable Enable C2 C1 B2 8 Bit 2 Enable B1 Bit 1 Enable A2 Bit 0 Enable A1 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Table 2 Register Address 19h Bit 7 Bit 6 Factory Only 0* Bit 5 Diagnostics Request 0* 0* Digital Test Modes Register Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 PWM Ramp PWM Fast Factory Bypass = 1 Ramp = 1 Only PWM Slow 0* 0* Ramp = 0* Bit 1 Post ADC Filter On =1 Filter Bypass=0* Bit 0 Factory Only 0* Note: *) Value by default Table 3 Register Address 1Eh Configuration Register Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Factory dT adjust Soft Start RGB mode PWMs in Silicon PWM starts LP standby Only disable PWM Ramp with 3 LUTs Linear Diode simultaneously mode (Leave set = 1* disabled (3 PWM) =1* mode = 1 enable = 1 =1 =1 to 0) =1 Normal WLED mode PWMs in Silicon PWMs dt _adjust Soft Ramp standby with 1 LUT Logarithmic Diode shifted by enabled enabled 0* mode 0 (1 PWM) = 0 mode = 0* disable = 0* 120 = 0* =0 = 0* = 0* Bit 7 Bit 6 Note: *) Value by default Table 4 Register Address 1Fh Note: Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Software reset = 1 Standby mode = 1 Temperature request = 1 Normal operation = 0* Normal operation = 0* Normal operation = 0* Control Register Bit 4 Bit 3 Custom Calibration OSC trim request = 1 =1 Factory Normal preset operation value = = 0* 0* Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Osc trim 2 ** Osc trim 1 ** Osc trim 0 ** *) Value by default **) Trim code defined by customer Bit 7 = 1 — Software reset: resets device, all registers reset/cleared. Bit 6 = 1 — Standby (oscillator disabled, all registers retain programmed values.) Table 5: Ta-Tj Temperature Gradient Offset ( set offset code to match reference De-rate point in LUT from LED Tj to Ta. Typically LED and Si are equal) Register Address 49h Note: Bit 7 LED Offset 3 0* Bit 6 LED Offset 2 0* Bit 5 LED Offset 1 0* Control Register Bit 4 Bit 3 LED Si Diode Offset 0 Offset 3 0* 0* Bit 2 Si Diode Offset 2 0* Bit 1 Si Diode Offset 1 0* Bit 0 Si Diode Offset 0 0* *) Value by default © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 9 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Table 6: Offset Codes for Tj-Ta Temperature Gradient Offset (both LED and Si per Table 5). Temperature 0 Offset C (Ta-Tj) -40 -35 -30 -25 Bit3 – Bit 0 1000 1001 1010 1011 Temperature 0 Offset C (Ta-Tj) -20 -15 -10 -5 Temperature 0 Offset C (Ta-Tj) 0 5 10 15 Bit3 – Bit 0 1100 1101 1110 1111 Bit3 – Bit 0 0000 0001 0010 0011 Temperature 0 Offset C (Ta-Tj) 20 25 30 35 Bit3 – Bit 0 0100 0101 0110 0111 Table 7: T-code values vs. Temperature (for registers 4Ah and 4Bh) Temperature, 0 C -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 Bit4 – Bit 0 00000 00001 00010 00011 00101 00101 00110 00111 Temperature, 0 C 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Bit4 – Bit 0 01000 01001 01010 01011 01100 01101 01110 01111 Temperature, 0 C 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Bit4 – Bit 0 10000 10001 10010 10011 10100 10101 10110 10111 Temperature, 0 C 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Bit4 – Bit 0 11000 11001 11010 11011 11100 11101 11110 11111 Table 8: ΔPWM Code Allocation Register Address 50h, 60h, 70h 51h, 61h, 71h 52h, 62h, 72h 53h, 63h, 73h 54h, 64h, 74h 55h, 65h, 75h 56h, 66h, 76h 57h, 67h, 77h Data bits 7– 4 3–0 ΔPWM code for 0 temperature, C -30 -35 -20 -25 -10 -15 0 -5 10 5 20 15 30 25 40 35 Register Address 58h, 68h, 78h 59h, 69h, 79h 5Ah, 6Ah, 7Ah 5Bh, 6Bh, 7Bh 5Ch, 6Ch, 7Ch 5Dh, 6Dh, 7Dh 5Eh, 6Eh, 7Eh 5Fh, 6Fh, 7Fh Data bits 7 –4 3– 0 ΔPWM code for 0 temperature, C 50 45 60 55 70 65 80 75 90 85 100 95 110 105 120 115 Table 9: ΔPWM Codes vs. Number of Adjustment Steps Number of steps Not Valid -7 -6 -5 Binary Code 1000 1001 1010 1011 Number of steps -4 -3 -2 -1 © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice Binary Code 1100 1101 1110 1111 Number of steps 0 1 2 3 10 Binary Code 0000 0001 0010 0011 Number of steps 4 5 6 7 Binary Code 0100 0101 0110 0111 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Operation Set 18 mA current at Bank LEDA Set 20 mA current at LEDA, 18 mA at LEDB, and 15 mA at LEDC banks (assuming address at 00h and consecutive writes) Turn LEDs A1, B1 and C1 on, all others off Turn LEDs A2, B2, and C2 on, all others off Turn all LEDs on Decrease brightness at 50% (-6 dB) at all three channels simultaneously (in logarithmic mode only) Decrease brightness at 75% (-12 dB) at all three channels simultaneously (in logarithmic mode only) Restore full brightness at all three channels simultaneously Set Bank B PWM duty Cycle at 50% (-6 dB) in logarithmic mode Set Bank B PWM duty Cycle at 50% in linear mode Short/open LED diagnostic request Read out LED short to GND status Read out LED short to VIN /open status Set WLED Mode with 1 PWM generator in linear mode, soft start disabled, and LP standby mode Set Standby Mode Resume normal operation from standby mode Calibration request (conduct temperature calibration; wait >=16ms) 0 Set LEDs in shutdown mode at temperature above 85 C 0 Set 2-x scale de-rating at temperature equal or above 55 C Software Reset (to default values) and/or clear of all registers Note: Register Address 00h 90h Command (hex) XX 00 90 00h A0h 90h 78h XX A0 90 78 03h 03h 03h 15h 24h 3Fh XX 03 15 XX 03 24 XX 03 3F 04h 23h XX 04 23 04h 47h XX 04 47 04h 06h 06h 19h 1Ch 1Dh 00h DCh 80h 20h XX 04 00 XX 06 DC XX 06 80 XX 19 20 XX 1C YY XX 1D YY 1Eh 43h XX 1E 43 1Fh 1Fh 1Fh 4Ah 4Bh 1Fh 40h 00h 10h 18h 32h 80h XX 1F 40 XX 1F 00 XX 1F 10 XX 4A 18 XX 4B 32 XX 1F 80 Register Data XX – The LDS8160 I2C customer-selected slave address followed by binary 0 for write command, i.e. if I 2C slave address is 001 0001 (see Table 10), XX = 0010 0010 (bin) = 22h YY – The LDS8160 I2C customer-selected slave address followed by binary 1 for read command, i.e. if I 2C slave address is 001 0001 (see Table 10), YY = 0010 0011 (bin) = 23h © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 11 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 PIN DESCRIPTION Pin # 1 2 3 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5, 7, 16 PAD Name SCLK SDAT SADD GND EN LEDC2 LEDC1 LEDB2 LEDB1 LEDA2 LEDA1 V IN TST NC PAD Function 2 I C Serial clock input 2 I C Serial data input/output 2 I C Serial interface Addresses Programming Ground Reference Device enable (active high) LEDC2 anode terminal LEDC1 anode terminal LEDB2 anode terminal LEDB1 anode terminal LEDA2 anode terminal LEDA1 anode terminal Power Source Input; connect to battery or supply Test pin Not connect (no internal connect to the device) Connect to GND on the PCB Top view: TQFN 16-lead 3 X 3 mm PIN FUNCTION 2 VIN is the supply pin. A small 1μF ceramic bypass capacitor is required between the VIN pin and ground near the device. The operating input voltage range is from 2.3 V to 5.5 V. SADD is I C Serial interface Addresses Programming 2 pin that allows choice of one of four I C addresses preprogrammed in device. GND is the ground reference for internal circuitry. The pin must be connected to the ground plane on the PCB. EN is the enable input for the device. Guaranteed levels of logic high and logic low are set at 1.3 V and 0.4V respectively. When EN is initially taken high, the device becomes enabled and can communicate 2 through I C interface after a 500 µsec wakeup (initialization) period. LEDA1 – LEDC2 provide the internal regulated current sources for each of the LED anodes. These pins enter high-impedance zero current state whenever the device is in shutdown mode. 2 SDAT is the I C serial data line. This is a bidirectional line allowing data to be written into and read from the registers of the LDS8160 PAD is the exposed pad underneath the package. For best thermal performance, the tab should be soldered to the PCB and connected to the ground plane 2 SCLK is the I C serial clock input. TST is a test pin used by factory only. Leave it floating (no external connection) © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 12 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 2: LDS8160 Functional Block Diagram VIN All Drivers 0 to 25 mA Vin to al l Drivers OverTemp I2C Interface Top Level Control diagnostics Shorted LED Open LED LED Calibration Soft Start control SCLK PWMA Calibrated Reference Currents and ADC bias currents Bandgap Voltage Reference 1.2V SDAT DA1 PWMA 1.2V 32 ADC 10 bit SAR 10 Digital Temperature Sensor / Abritrator DA2 Pre-Scale 8x, 1x, or 1/4x PWMB Si Iforce LED Iforce DB1 SADD 1 0 uA 2 uA 1 mA 0.2 mA Blue LUT PWMB OTP Green LUT DB2 Si PNP temp diode Trim PWMC Red LUT Temp Compensation Tables Temp to PWM adjust LUTs OTP Driver GND Vin to 1.8V LDO for digital core to PWMA PWMB (green) 8 bit to 12 bit (log) PWM Generator to PWMB PWMC (red) 8 bit to 12 bit (log) PWM Generator 1.8V Gnd PWMA (blue) 8 bit to 12 bit (log) PWM Generator To top control DC1 PWMC to PWMC DC2 to top control & dig processing Vin 1.2V POR Start Up Oscillator & Clock Generator ~ 1.2 MHz Vin EN BASIC OPERATION When EN is taken HIGH, a soft-start power-up sequence begins and performs internal circuits reset that requires less than 100 µs. The LDS8160 may operate in follow modes: a) Normal Operation Mode b) Custom Operation Modes c) Normal Standby Mode d) Low Power (LP) Standby Mode e) Programming Modes f) Shutdown Mode An initialization sequence then begins taking less than 10 ms. This sequence determines the user2 selected I C slave address, loads factory programmed settings, and conducts initial diagnostics for open/shorted LEDs. 2 NORMAL OPERATION MODE At this point, the I C interface is ready for communication and the LDS8160 may be userprogrammed. Upon programming completion for all required initial parameters and features’ settings, a calibration command is given by setting bit 4 of the At power-up, V IN should be in the range from 2.3 V to 5.5 V (max). If V IN is slow rising, EN pin should be logic LOW at least until VIN reaches 2.3 V level. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 13 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Control Register (1Fh) HIGH. This starts the TM calibration sequence of the LDS8160 LED-Sense temperature compensation circuits. The calibration process takes approximately 16 ms. 02h) and data that represents the code for the desired LED current. (See Table 10 for accessible slave addresses.) Code for LED current is determined as ILED/0.125 mA in hex format, i.e. 20 mA current code = 20/0.125 = 160 (dec) = A0h. The user can then additionally program the DC current and PWM duty cycles for the LEDs. A PWM ramp-up sequence occurs after the writing to the PWM registers. This ramp-up delay in less than 250 ms in the default soft-start ramp mode, or can be 64 ms using the optional fast (4x) ramp mode (bit 3 of Register 19h = HIGH). A further option is available to bypass the soft-start PWM ramp mode entirely and the initialization time will be reduced to just the calibration sequence time of ~ 16ms. The initial softstart ramp mode can be bypassed by setting bit 4 of register 19h HIGH. The LDS8160 maximum current should not exceed 25 mA per LED (i.e. current code should not exceed 200 (dec) = C8h) to meet all electrical specifications. To turn LEDs ON/OFF register 03h should be addressed with data that represents the desired combination of LEDs turned ON/OFF (see Table 1); i.e. if LEDC1, LEDC2, LEDA1, LEDA2 should be ON, and LEDB1, LEDB2 should be OFF, binary code that should be written into register 03h is 110011 (bin) = 33h. The calibration parameters for the temperature measurement engine and all customer-set parameters remain intact until the part is reset or powered-down. Additionally, the user can re-calibrate LDS8160 during times when LED currents are brought to zero and the system is thermally stabilized by programming the calibration command bit as discussed. The LDS8160 allows two ways for LED current setting. One of them is using registers 00h – 02h (static mode) and other one by using the PWM signal to decrease average LED current value set by these registers (dynamic mode). For dynamic mode, the LDS8160 integrates 3 digital PWM generators that operate at a frequency of ~ 285 Hz. In Logarithmic Mode, the PWM generators are 12-bit resolution and can be programmed with an 8bit code to provide 256 internally mapped 12-bit logarithmic duty cycle steps to adjust the dimming level. In Linear Mode, the PWM generates 256 linear duty cycle steps to adjust the dimming levels from the user programmed 8-bit code. Factory preset values (upon completion of the powerup initialization but prior to user programming) are as follow (see Table3): a) All LEDs are disabled and ILEDA, B, C = 0; b) RGB mode with three independent Luminosity vs. Temperature correction tables (LUTs) selected and three PWM generators; The advantage of PWM dimming is stable LED color temperature / wavelength that are determined by the maximum LED current value set by registers 00h – 02h. c) PWM dimming control in Logarithmic Mode 0 with PWM generators running by 120 phase shift; d) LED temperature compensation enabled with LUTs in Logarithmic Mode Soft start/shutdown enabled; To use the dynamic PWM mode for LED current setting, the maximum ILED value should be first set by registers 00h – 02h as described above in static mode and the desired PWM dimming should be set by registers 05h – 07h. In Logarithmic Mode, set by default, dimming resolution is approximately -0.17 dB per step with 0dB dimming, or 100% duty cycle, at th the 256 step. e) Internal Diode for temperature compensation is enabled f) LEDs are used as sensors for temperature compensation control. Global PWM Dimming LED Current Setting The LDS8160 allows Global PWM Dimming control of all three banks in the RGB Logarithmic mode, set by default. It is convenient, because it allows the user to simultaneously change LED brightness equally across to all three channels independent of the maximum static current setting (registers 00h, 01h and 02h) in a particular channel. Current setting registers 00h – 02h should be 2 programmed using I C interface and desired LEDs should be enabled using register 03h before LEDs turn on. 2 The standard I C interface procedure is used to 2 program ILED current (see section “I C INTERFACE”). LDS8160 should be addressed with slave address chosen followed by register address (00h, 01h, or © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 14 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 For example, to decrease LED brightness by 50% (-6dB) at all three LED banks, Global PWM Dimming data code written in register 04h should be 6/0.17 = 35 (decimal) = 23h (see Figure 6: Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode in percent vs. register 04h data (0% dimming = full LED brightness). LUT corrections codes are added/subtracted to/from the user-set duty cycle/dimming codes (dynamic and/or global) for the channel to correct LED brightness. The LDS8160 integrates a 10-bit ADC and digital processing to determine LED temperatures approximately every 2.5 seconds. The proprietary TM LED-Sense algorithm allows direct measurement of LED junction temperatures on the LEDA1, LEDB1, and LEDC1 driver channels. Additionally an on-chip silicon temperature sensing diode is also measured to enhance temperature estimation accuracy. The LDS8160 integrates temperature measurement and compensation processing to maintain stable LED brightness across varying ambient temperature and de-rate power dissipated by LEDs, if the LED die temperature exceeds a preset value. Figure 3: Dynamic Mode Dimming in Logarithmic Mode in dB vs. registers 05h – 07h data (0dB dimming = full LED brightness) Figure 5: Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode in dB vs. register 04h data (0dB dimming = full LED brightness) Figure 4: Dynamic Mode Dimming in Logarithmic Mode in percent vs. registers 05h – 07h data (0% dimming = full LED brightness) Figure 6: Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode in percent vs. register 04h data (0% dimming = full LED brightness) Measured temperatures are encoded into 5-bit 0 T-codes representing 5 C temperature intervals from 0 -35 to +120 C. The measured T-code addresses stored ΔPWM adjustment codes to adjust the dimming level and therefore average current through the LEDs. The user loads specific ΔPWM codes into the LUTs to maintain constant average current and therefore luminosity over temperature. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice In normal operation mode, the LDS8160 senses the LED temperatures from all 3 available channels when in the default RGB (3 channel) mode, or only from the LEDA1 channel when used in the WLED (single channel) mode. 15 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Temperature vs. PWM Duty Cycle Profiles temperature with maximum temperature of 85ºC. The user must load the PWM correction look up tables (LUTs) prior to operation. For the LDS8160 all three tables, LUT-B, LUT-G and LUT-R require loading (even if using same data for a WLED application) with the user correction profiles prior to operation. For RGB applications, LUT-B which drives LEDA1 And LEDA2 respectively should be assigned as the Blue color channel. LUT-G which drives LEDB1 and LEDB2 should be assigned as the Green color channel, and LUT-R which drives LEDC1 and LEDC2 should be the RED channel. ambient operating Figure 8: Luminosity vs. LED Forward Current for Nichia NSSM038AT-E RGB LED The correction tables are based upon LED vendor characteristics for luminosity vs temperature and current, LED current de-rating specifications, and user system thermal design parameters. Figure 7 shows an actual Luminosity vs. Temperature curve of the NSSM038AT-E RGB LED available from Nichia Corp. ~ linear from 0 -30 mA 0 Figure 7: Luminosity vs. Temperature curve (NSSM038AT-E RGB LED from Nichia) Figure 9: Total power (combined R, G, and B diodes) power de-rating curve (NSSM038AT-E RGB LED from Nichia) Figure 8 shows the typical LED characteristic of decreasing illumination over temperature, but each color changes differently. This results in white light color shifts over temperature if not accounted for. It is typical to see RED LED Luminosity vs Temperature to change by ± 50% relative to the 25ºC level. Figure 10 shows the final plot of typical LDS8160 PWM LUT correction profiles that could be programmed by the user to adjust for this RGB LED. This accumulated correction takes into account both the Luminosity vs Temperature variations and the adjustments to meet the higher temperature power de-rating specification. Figure 9 shows that luminosity is linearly dependent with LED forward currents ≤30 mA. Therefore loss of LED luminosity over temperature can be compensated for by associated increases in LED current. Given the 5ºC increments of the temperature adjustment intervals for the LDS8160, the currents are slowly ramped to equalize loss of light output before the de-rating profile begins. Once de-rating begins, the PWM duty cycle is reduced, lowering LED driver current, to insure meeting and regulating to the desired maximum operating temperature. Figure 9 gives the total RGB Power de-rating specification for the same Nichia NSSM038AT-E RGB LED. Total power is the combined power (VF x IF) of each color LED. This curve specifies the maximum RGB LED power that insures not exceeding the maximum specified junction © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 16 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Figure 10: Example LDS8160 Accumulated PWM Correction Curves for Nichia NSMM038AT-E RGB LED for ILED nominal (R, G, & B) = 15 mA @ 25ºC The LDS8160 allows user to choose between one of 2 four preprogrammed I C addresses by connecting SADD pin (#3) either to ground, SCLK, SDAT or VIN pin (see Table 10). Consult factory about other addresses available. 2 Table 10: LDS8160 I C Slave Addresses SADD pin connected to Ground SCLK SDAT VIN 2 I C Address Binary code 001 0001 001 0101 101 0001 101 0101 Hex 11h 15h 51h 55h 2 For further details on the I C protocol, please refer to 2 the I C-Bus Specification, document number 9398393-40011, from Philips Semiconductors. Appendix 1 describes how to generate PWM LUT correction profiles. Additionally software tools and support is available from the factory to assist customers to generate LUT tables for specific LEDs and applications. Please consult the factory or a sales representative. Recommended User Register Initialization Table 11 is provided as a recommended user I2C register initialization and calibration sequence for the the LDS8160 for an RGB LED application. RED values in the table mean these registers are user/system dependent. Any values shown are for example only. Global Dimming Limitations The final PWM dimming code value is the algebraic sum of three codes: Dynamic Dimming code, Global Dimming Code, and the Temperature Compensation Code. If this sum is equal to or below zero, the LED in that particular channel is disabled. It means that the Global Dimming dynamic range is limited by Dynamic Dimming and the Temperature Correction Table used. Unused LED Channels For applications with less than six white or two RGB 2 LEDs, unused LED banks can be disabled via the I C interface by addressing register 03h with data that represent desired combination of LEDs turned ON/OFF (see Table 1). As an example: If the user set PWM Dynamic Dimming in a particular channel is set to -20 dB (registers 05h – 07h data = TM code 143 (dec)) and the LED-Sense Temperature vs. PWM Correction requires 7 steps correction dimming (data code 7 (dec)), the resultant allowable additional Global Dimming range = 143 – 7 = 136 (dec) steps or ~ - 23.1 dB. The LDS8160 unused LED outputs can be left open. LED short/open protection The LDS8160 runs a LED short/open diagnostic routine upon the power up sequence. It detects both LED pins shorted to ground and LED pins that are open or shorted to VIN (fault conditions). 2 I C Interface The results for short to GND detection are stored in Diagnostics Register 1Ch. Bits from bit 5 to bit 0 indicate a short status as bit = 1 for LEDC2 - LEDA1 respectively, if the corresponding bit in the LED Faults detection Diagnostics register, 1Dh, is also High=1. A short to GND is detected if the measured LED pin voltage is less than ~ 0.14 V independent of the programmed LED current. Every channel detected as shorted, is disabled 2 The LDS8160 uses a 2-wire serial I C-bus interface. 2 The SDAT and SCLK lines comply with the I C electrical specification and should be terminated with pull-up resistors to the logic voltage supply. When the bus is not used, both lines are high. The device supports a maximum bus speed of 400kbit/s. The serial bit sequence is shown at REGISTER CONFIGURATION AND PROGRAMMING section for read and write operations into the registers. Read and write instructions are initiated by the master controller/CPU and acknowledged by the slave LED driver. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 17 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Table 11: Recommended Register Load Sequence for LDS8160 Registers’ Load Sequence # 1 2 3 4 5 6 Register (hex) 1Eh 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 7 05h E7h 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22-47 48-64 65-80 81 06h 07h 49h 4Ah 4Bh A0h A2h A4h A6h C0h D4h D6h D8h DAh 50h – 5Fh 60h – 7Fh 70h – 7Fh 1Fh FBh FAh 00h 1Ch 1Fh 36h User Loads Per LED Used User Loads Per LED Used User Loads Per LED Used 40h 04h User Loads Per LED Used User Loads Per LED Used User Loads Per LED Used User Loads Per LED Used User Loads Per LED Used User Loads Per LED Used 10h Value (hex) Comments 8Ah A0h A0h A0h 3Fh 00h Initialize Configuration Register Bank A ILED DC current @ 20 mA Bank B ILED DC current @ 20 mA Bank C ILED DC current @ 20 mA Assume dual RGB use – enable all drivers Global PWM Dimming 00h is full ON = 100% DC Duty Cycle code for Blue channel PWM. Use set E7h=64% DC. User uses to establish desired White Balance Same as reg 05h, but for Green PWM. FBh=95% DC. Same as reg 05h, but for Red PWM. FAh=90% DC Ta-Tj 0ffset Set LED Shutdown temperature 1Ch = 105C = Tj Set optional 2x PWM adjust step start point; 1x scale below this point Load Si Diode K factor for - 1.71mV/C User loads LED K factor @ 1mA I F for BLED User loads LED K factor @ 1mA IF. for GLED User loads LED K factor @ 1mA IF for RLED. Load Si Diode factor = 1.0 Load Si Diode Rs = 68 ohms User loads LED Rs for BLED User loads LED Rs for GLED User loads LED Rs for RLED LUT-B correction Table LUT-G correction Table LUT-R correction Table User issues temp calibration command Test results for open or short to VIN LED pins are stored in the LED Faults Diagnostics Register 1Dh, Bits from bit 5 to bit 0 represent LEDC2 - LEDA1 respectively with bit = 1 indicates a fault condition at this particular LED pin. If the corresponding bit in register 1Ch is also High = 1, than the LED is shorted to GND as prior discussed. However when the bit in 1Dh is High = 1 and the corresponding bit in 1Ch is Low = 0, than the fault is either a short to Vin or open. Besides the power-up diagnostic sequence, the user can re-initiate a diagnostic command at any time by setting bit 5 of the Digital Test Modes Register, 19h, to HIGH. The LDS8160 restores LED current to programmed value at channels with detected shorts to GND after the fault condition is removed. Over-Temperature Protection If the die temperature exceeds +150°C the driver will enter shutdown mode. The LDS8160 requires restart after die temperature falls below 130°C. An open LED pin fault causes no harm in the LDS8160 or LED as the high side driver has no current path from V IN or GND. Therefore, the fault detection status indicates only in the 1Dh diagnostic register, and no further action is required. LED Selection If the power source is a Li-ion battery, LEDs with VF = 1.9 V - 3.3 V are recommended to achieve highest efficiency performance and extended operation on a single battery charge. In the case of and LED directly shorted to VIN, the full VIN voltage will be connected to the LED and current can flow independent of the LDS8160 LED driver circuit directly to GND. The LDS8160 will detect the fault and indicate the status in Register 1Dh, however further action needs taken at the system level to shutdown VIN power to prevent possible damage to the LED. The combined series resistance of the LED (typically ~ 10Ω or more) and additional board series resistance will result in current limiting but not sufficient to prevent damage to low power LEDs. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice External Components The driver requires one external 1 µF ceramic capacitors (CIN ) X5R or X7R type. CUSTOM OPERATION MODES The LDS8160 allows the option to choose custom operating modes overwriting content of Configuration Register 1Eh (see Table 2). 18 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Bit 0 of this register allows switching between standard and low power standby modes (see detailed description at “STANDBY MODE” section). two or three different brightness levels are required for LED banks A, B, and C using dynamic dimming, RGB Mode is recommended even with WLED. Bit 1 allows bypass soft start / ramp down if fast raising/falling LED current required. Figure 11: Global Dimming in Linear Mode in percent vs. register 04h data (0% dimming = full LED brightness) Bit 2 allows disable LED temperature compensation if desired. Bit 3 changes PWM generators start condition. At normal operation mode, set by default, PWM pulse rising edge of each PWM generator is shifted 0 by 120 in respect to two others. It allows for a decrease in input current noise especially at high LED currents. However, it may be important for better color mix in RGB mode to start all three PWM pulses simultaneously. To do so, set register 1Eh bit 3 = 1. Bits 4, 5 are for factory use only. The LDS8160 also provides the option for using an external remote temperature-sensing device such as a 2N3904. This option is available on channel LEDA1 In this case, channel LEDA1 should be disabled via register 03h and it cannot operate as a LED current source. STANDBY MODES The LDS8160 has two standby modes, which 2 customers may set by I C interface addressing register 1Fh with bit 6 = 1 (see Table 4). 2 In both standby modes, I C interface remains active and all registers store information. A further option is available to monitor temperatures and make adjustments only from sensing the onchip silicon diode temperature. This option is enabled by setting bit 4 = 1 in register 1Eh. In this mode, temperature correction is via LUTA only. In Normal Standby Mode the LED drivers and internal clock are off; however, some internal circuits remain active resulting in a standby current from the VIN power source of 125 µA typical. In this mode, the EN pin should be logic HIGH with signal level from 1.3 to VIN voltage. Bit 6 allows to change the PWM generators operation mode from linear to logarithmic. In Linear Mode, Dynamic Dimming resolution is ~ 0.39% per LSB. Code 00h represents 100% Dimming, while code FFh = 0% In Low Power (LP) Standby Mode most of the device is disabled and results in very low standby current from VIN power source (5 µA typical). In LP Mode, the EN pin should be connected to a 1.8V voltage source capable to provide up to ~100 µA maximum dynamic 2 current to LDS8160 digital core in case of any I C interface activity.. If this voltage source is unavailable, Normal Standby Mode should be used. To set LP Standby Mode, bit 0 in register 1Eh should be set to 1 (see Table 2) before addressing to register 1Fh. Linear Dimming Mode recommended for WLED Mode operation only because it creates nonproportional Global Dimming in RGB Mode. In Linear Dimming Mode, Dynamic Dimming resolution is ~0.39% per LSB. Code 00h represents 100% Dimming, while Code FFh = 0% (See Figure 11). Bit 7 allows switch between RGB and WLED modes. SHUTDOWN MODE To set LDS8160 in shutdown mode, EN pin should be logic low more than 10 ms. The LDS8160 shutdown current is less than 1 µA. The LDS8160 wakes up from shutdown mode with factory-preset data. To preserve customer-programmed data, use either Normal or LP standby modes. In RBG Mode, set by default, the LDS8160 uses three independent PWM generators for LED current dynamic dimming and three LUTs for independent luminosity vs temperature correction. In WLED Mode, the LDS8160 uses a single PWM generator to dim all six LEDs and one LUT for luminosity vs temperature correction. It is convenient if all six WLED should have identical brightness. However, if © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 19 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 PROGRAMMING MODES After initialization and user programming the user 2 should conduct an I C calibration sequence command by writing Bit 4 = 1 in the Control register 1Fh. This conducts a real time calibration of the initial starting temperature and the actual LED parameters. Upon completion, Bit 4 will be internally reset to 0, and the LDS8160 is ready for use. The LDS8160 is factory preprogrammed with specific defaults for the Nichia NSSM038AT_E RGB LEDs; however, application specific LEDs and other user system conditions may require user programming of the temperature compensation LUTs and other LED specific parameters. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 20 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless specified otherwise) Vin = 3.6V, Cin = 1 µF, EN = High, TAMB = 25°C Figure 13 Shutdown Delay En = H to L Volts Volts Figure 12 Soft Start POR Delay En = L to H Time (µs) Time (µs) Figure 15 PWM Dimming Response (TR / T F) Volts Volts Figure 14 LED Driver @ 50% PWM Duty Cycle Time (µs) Time (ms) Figure 16 PWM Minimum Pulse Volts IDriver (mA) Figure 17 Output Driver Current vs. VDrop-Out Voltage Time (µs) Vdrop-out (Volts) © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 21 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 PACKAGE DRAWING AND DIMENSIONS 16-PIN TQFN (HV3), 3mm x 3mm, 0.5mm PITCH SYMBOL A A1 A2 b D D1 E E1 e L m n MIN 0.70 0.00 0.178 0.20 2.95 1.65 2.95 1.65 0.325 NOM 0.75 0.02 0.203 0.25 3.00 1.70 3.00 1.70 0.50 typ 0.375 0.150 typ 0.225 typ MAX 0.80 0.05 0.228 0.30 3.05 1.75 3.05 1.75 0.425 Note: 1. All dimensions are in millimeters 2. Complies with JEDEC Standard MO-220 © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 22 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number LDS8160 002-T2 Notes: 1. 2. Package Package Marking (1) TQFN-16 3 x 3mm 8160 Matte-Tin Plated Finish (RoHS-compliant) Quantity per reel is 2000 EXAMPLE OF ORDERING INFORMATION Prefix LDS Device # Suffix 8160 002 Product Number Optional Company ID Package T2 Tape & Reel T: Tape & Reel 2: 2000/Reel 002: 3x3 TQFN Notes: 1) All packages are RoHS-compliant (Lead-free, Halogen-free). 2) The standard lead finish is Matte-Tin. 3) The device used in the above example is a LDS8160A 002–T2 (3x3 TQFN, Tape & Reel). 4) For additional package and temperature options, please contact your nearest IXYS Corp. Sales office. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 23 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Appendix 1 CREATING LUT CORRECTION TABLES FOR LDS8160 LED luminosity (or brightness) is proportional to forward current through the device and is dependent on temperature. To maintain a constant level of luminosity, the forward current should be adjusted vs. temperature. However, changing the static forward current also shifts the chromaticity of the LED, where each white or color LED has a different dependency with temperature. The LDS8160 uses Dynamic Dimming control to change average LED current while maintaining the peak current thereby causing no color shift. The TM LED-Sense temperature and color correction algorithm implements this current compensation feature by adjustment of the PWM duty cycles vs. the LEDs temperature. The LEDs’ and an internal chip diode’s I-V characteristics are routinely measured, digitized, and mapped to ΔPWM code adjustments stored in three integrated Luminosity vs. Temperature (LUT) lookup tables. Each LUT is assigned to one LED bank with two LED current drivers each. By default, banks A, B, and C are assigned to Blue, Green, and Red LEDs respectively. Additionally, the same LUTs can be used to insure current or power de-rating curve vs. temperature. Figure A1.2: Total power (combined R, G, and B diodes) de-rating curve (NSSM038AT-E RGB LED from Nichia Assuming that compensation should maintain Relative Luminosity = 1 in full range of temperatures, the Compensation curve should be an inversion of the Luminosity vs. Temperature curve shown at Figure 1 (see Figure A1-3). Figure A1.1 shows an actual Luminosity vs. Temperature curve of the NSSM038AT-E RGB LED available from Nichia Corp. Figure A1.3: Relative Luminosity Compensation Curve (inverse Luminosity vs. Temperature curve) NSSM038AT-E RGB LED from Nichia This characteristic must be fitted to the chosen nominal 0 current at 25 C. Than the maximum current operating point is established and it must comply with the specified temperature de-rating curves for the LEDs. Figure A1.1: Luminosity vs. Temperature curve (NSSM038AT-E RGB LED from Nichia) Figure A1.5 represents LED Current vs. Temperature curve created for NSSM038AT-E RGB LED with 15ma 0 chosen as the nominal current at 25 C, and a maximum power for the RGB LED of ~ 133mW as depicted in Figure A1.4 showing the user-selected de- Figure A1.2 shows the total power (combined R, G, and B diodes) specification and de-rating for this RGB LED. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 24 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 0 rating curve. The user operating point must comply within the specification in Figure 2. compensation temperature range is from -35 to 120 C. Example: 0 If ΔPWM codes for the Red LED at 35 C are 0001 (1 0 step) and at 40 C 0010 (2 steps), register 77h should be loaded with code 0010 0001 (bin) = 21h. The LDS8160 has three integrated PWM generators that allow programming of 256 logarithmic steps with 12-bit resolution in the LOG mode. Each PWM step is ~ 0.17 dB from 300uA to 25mA in the 1-x scale mode and therefore ~ 0.34 dB in the 2-x scale mode. 1-x scale is typically used in the temperature correction/compensation part of curve (as shown in Figure 5) A 2-x scale mode is also available to support the higher de-rating slope requirements Figure A1.4: User Chosen Power and De-rating Curve 0 0 starting at 55 C and shutdown at 85 C The LOG mode is required for RGB correction. Linear mode operation and linear mode LUT correction codes are an option in WLED applications. If Linear WLED mode is chosen, all PWM related data for Dynamic Dimming and Temperature Compensation are entered as linear step codes, where each ΔPWM step is 1/256 of full brightness (100% Duty Cycle) The maximum current of ~ 18mA for the Red LED is 0 limited by power dissipation at 50 C and decreases at higher temperatures in respect to the de-rating specification of Figure A1.2. In WLED applications where Linear PWM option mode is chosen, only one PWM generator is active (i.e. the A or Blue channel). In Linear mode the PWM is 8-bit linear resolution where each bit represents is 1/256 of 100% duty cycle. Example: RGB LUT Table Generation 0 Assume that the desired nominal forward current at 25 C is 15 mA at all three LEDs and the forward voltages for the R, G, B LEDs are ~ 2.1 V, 3.2 V, and 3.2 V, respectively (per NSSM038AT-E datasheet). 0 If selected de-rating starts at 50 C, LED current values at this temperature would be (per the Luminosity Compensation Curve at Figure 3): Figure A1.5: LED Current Correction Curves with 0 0 de-rating start at 55 C and shutdown at 85 C The LED Current vs. Temperature curves are then mapped to LDS8160 ΔPWM duty cycle codes that are loaded into each of the three LUTs as 32 4-bit words. Each word can represent from +7 to -7 0 ΔPWM steps for every 5 C temperature increment. The ΔPWM codes are loaded into registers 50h – 7Fh as 4-bit two’s complement values (see Table 7 of main LDS8160 datasheet for code allocation). ~ 1.2x the nominal value at 250C, i.e. 15 x 1.2 = 18 mA for Red LED; ~ 1.04X the nominal value at 250 C, i.e. 15 x 1.04 = 15.6 mA for Green LED; ~ 1x the nominal value for Blue LED to maintain constant luminosity over temperature. Users must also determine the typical forward voltage vs. Temperature coefficients, or “k” factors, of the LEDs used @ 1mA of forward current. For the Nichia NSSM038AT-E these have been determined as; To maintain correlation to typical LED vendor data, 0 the tables establish 25 C as the zero-reference point. Therefore, “0” is the required PWM code 0 value for 25ºC. For temperatures above 25 C, the ΔPWM codes is the delta step change from the 5ºC temperature point lower than the current step, while 0 for temperatures below 25 C the PWM code is the delta step change from the 5ºC temperature higher then the current step (i.e. closer to 25ºC). The © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 0 - 2.0 mV/ C for RED LED, 0 - 1.5 mV/ C for Green LED, and 0 - 1.3 mV/ C for Blue LED. Therefore, at 50 0C, forward voltages are VF = 2.1V + [-2.0 mV/0 C x (500 C - 250 C)] = 2.05V for Red 25 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 ΔR @ 55ºC = 20Log [(18 mA – 1.69 mA) / 18 ma] = -0.856 dB, where 18 mA is the current for the 50ºC point and 1.69 0 mA is the de-rating current for each 5 C. LED 0 0 0 VF = 3.2V + [-1.5 mV/ C x (50 C - 25 C)] = 3.163V for Green LED, and 0 0 0 VF = 3.2V + [-1.3 mV/ C x (50 C - 25 C)] = 3.168V for Blue LED. Dividing this value by 0.34 dB/step (in 2-x scale used for de-rating) and rounding result to the nearest integer value give us follow ΔPWM code The total RGB LED power at a 500 C with the applied inverse curves to equalize the luminosity vs. temperature would be ΔPWM = INT (-0.846 dB / 0.34 dB/step) = -3 = 1101 (bin) (see Table 8 of LDS8160 datasheet). (2.05V x 18mA) + (3.16 V x 15.6 mA) + ( 3.17 V x 15mA) =~ 133.mW The ΔPWM value would then be The total RGB LED power for NSSM038AT-E must be less than ~ 133 mW up to the de-rating point at 500C (see Figure 2) complies with our result. ΔPWM @ 60ºC = INT {20Log [(16.31mA – 1.69 mA) / 16.31 mA] / 0.34} = -3 =. 1101 (bin) ΔPWM @ 65ºC = INT {20Log [(14.62 mA – 1.69 ma) / 14.62 mA) = -3 =. 1101 (bin) Also from the curve in Figure 2, the total power must 0 de-rate to ~ 45mW at 85 C and diodes must be turned off at higher temperatures. ΔPWM @ 70ºC = INT {20Log [(12.93 mA – 1.69 ma) / 12.93 mA) = -4 =. 1100 (bin) 0 At 85 C, the R, G, B forward voltages will be reduced to ~ 1.98 V, 3.11 V, and 3.12 V respectively. ΔPWM @ 75ºC = INT {20Log [(11.24 mA – 1.69 ma) / 11.24 mA) = -4 =. 1100 (bin) The de-rating is achieved by decreasing LED currents in constant steps (i.e. linear rate) from 500 C to 850 C to meet the final 45 mW power dissipation. ΔPWM @ 80ºC = INT {20Log [(9.55 mA – 1.69 ma) / 9.55 mA) = -5 =. 1011 (bin) To maintain the luminosity equalization during the derating, the 500C current ratios between Red, Green, and Blue LED currents (i.e. 1.2:1.04:1) should be preserved. ΔPWM @ 85ºC = INT {20Log [(7.86 mA – 1.69 ma) / 8.1 mA) = -6 =. 1010 (bin) At temperatures higher than 85ºC, the LED current should be zero mA due to the shutdown temperature defined as above 850C. Therefore, LUT ΔPWM entries for shutdown regions are not used and may be zero. With nominal forward current, I = 15mA, and 0 maintaining the 50 C current ratios, the B-LED current at the end of de-rating (before shutdown) is calculated as follows; To set LED current in shutdown at temperature above 85 0C, write 850C T-code (11000 (bin)) with leading 1, i.e. 111000 (bin) = 38h, into register 4Ah (see Table 7 of LDS8160 datasheet). 0 The total power dissipated by RGB LEDs at 85 C is P85C = (1.2 x I x VR_85C ) + (1.04 x I x VG_85C ) + (1 x I x VB_85C) = (1.2 x I x 1.98V) + (1.04 x I x 3.11 V) + (1 x I x 3.12 V) = 45 mW , where I is the Blue LED current at 850C. To maintain constant ratio between channels during the de-rating, the Green and Blue channels can de- rated by the same dB steps in Logarithmic mode as the Red channel. This will maintain the same luminosity balance as at the starting point of the de-rating. Solving for I gives us I = ~ 45 mW / 8.73 V = 5.16mA for Blue, 5.37 mA for Green, and 6.19 mA for Red LED. Users can adjust luminosity balance in the de-rating section too to further optimize balance. This requires more customized table entries (i.e. ratios continue to match Luminosity vs. Temperature curve even for temperatures where de-rating is being applied). The decided approach is user/application dependent. 0 IR must de-rate from 18 mA to ~ 6.19 mA from 50 C to 850 C (seven 50 C steps). For linear de-rate, each step is 18mA - 6.19mA / 7 = ~ 1.69mA/step. Using the 2-x ΔPW M code scale, this is met with the codes shown in the R-LUT table (See 0 0 Table 8 of LDS8160 datasheet) from 55 C to 85 C. Table A1.1 shows the completed table used as LDS8160 default for Nichia NSSM038AT-E RGB LED with the assumptions overviewed in this example. In LOG mode the ΔPWM table entries for the de-rating are found by first taking the current of the prior step minus the de-rating current per step, then dividing the result by the prior step current, and finally converting to a number of dB step. To aide users in building and loading their specific correction tables IXYS can provide a software development tool to map LED vendor information and user defined operating points to final calculated LUT data values. Please consult factory to obtain a copy. The following example clarifies: Using prior data for RED LED, we will find required de-rating ΔR in dB at 55ºC © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 26 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Figure A1.6 shows the effective curve formed by the accumulated ΔPWM codes. codes. The option for Linear Mode will adjust the code entries and calculations accordingly. The curves in the accumulated ΔPWM codes should have same slope characteristics as the curves in Figure A1.5. Using the LDS8160 temperature compensation capability to de-rate LEDs automatically, allows the LED to be operated at maximum luminosity levels (higher currents) and can reduce the total number of LEDs required and/or reduce the total LED system level power over systems that do not employ LED temperature compensation. Figure A1.7 depicts this. For WLED applications the Luminosity vs. Temperature characteristics are similar to Blue LEDs with the added effects of the yellow phosphor coatings applied. In general, Luminosity of WLEDs remains flat with temperature changed, but still requires high temperature de-rating. Figure A1.7: Allowable LED Forward Current vs. Temperature (WLED NSSW020BT-P1 from Nichia) Figure A1.6: Accumulated ΔPWM Correction Codes Typically, a single ΔPWM LUT correction table can be used for all WLEDs. ΔPWM codes for the correction table are calculated similarly to RGB 0 with de-rating start at 55 C 0 and shutdown at 85 C © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 27 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Table A1.1: RGB ΔPWM LUT tables for this Nichia NSSM038AT-E device with 15mA nominal current at 0 25 C Temperature -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 86 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Red T-code -1 -2 -1 -1 -2 -1 -2 -2 -1 -1 -2 -2 0 2 2 2 2 2 -3 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5 -6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Green T-code -1 0 -1 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 -3 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5 -6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Note: Blue T-code 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5 -6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scale 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 1-x 2-x* 2-x 2-x 2-x 2-x 2-x 2-x Shutdown** Shutdown Shutdown Shutdown Shutdown Shutdown Shutdown Shutdown 0 *) Register 4Bh should be loaded with bit 5 = 1 and bits from Bit 4 to Bit 0 with T-code at 55 C (10011 (bin)), i.e. register 4Bh should be addressed with data 11 0011 (bin) = 33h (see Table 7 of LDS8160 datasheet). 0 **) Register 4Ah should be loaded with bits from Bit 4 to Bit 0 with T-code at 85 C (11000 (bin)), i.e. register 4Bh should be addressed with data 11000 (bin) = 18h (see Table 7 of LDS8160 datasheet). © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 28 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Appendix 2 ADJUSTMENTS FOR RGB WHITE BALANCE The LDS8160 allows two ways for LED current setting. One of them is using registers 00h – 02h (static mode) and other one by using PWM signal to decrease average LED current value set by these registers (dynamic mode). For dynamic mode, the LDS8160 integrates 3 digital PWM generators that operate at a frequency of ~ 285 Hz. In Logarithmic Mode (which is required for RGB applications), the PWM generators are 12-bit resolution and can be programmed with an 8-bit code to provide 256 internally mapped 12-bit logarithmic duty cycle steps to adjust the dimming level. In Linear Mode, the PWM generates 256 linear duty cycle steps to adjust the dimming levels from the user programmed 8-bit code. The Linear Mode is not recommended for RGB LED applications that require color mixing, and is useful for WLED or other single color LED applications). The advantage of PWM dimming is stable LED color temperature / wavelength that are determined by the maximum LED current value set by registers 00h – 02h. To use the dynamic PWM mode for LED current setting, the maximum ILED value should be set by registers 00h – 02h as described above in static mode and desired dimming should be set by registers 05h – 07h. In Logarithmic Mode, set by default, dimming resolution is approximately -0.17 th dB per step with 0dB dimming at the 256 step. Figure A2.1: Chromaticity Curve Nichia specifies the NSSM038AT-E RGB diode luminous intensities of 550 mcd for Red, 1100 mcd for Green, and 240 mcd for Blue, all at 20mA of current. Also per the NSSM038AT-E datasheet, relative luminosity vs. forward current is ~ 1:1:1 for current below 25mA. In this example based on data from Appendix 1, it is chosen that all 3 channels (RGB) operate at 15 mA at 25ºC temperature and do not exceed 133 mW of total power dissipation prior to temperature derating at more than 50ºC. Since the maximum current for Red channel is 18mA @ 50ºC, we assume that all static LED currents could be set to 18mA and the average 15 mA current achieved by applying Dynamic Dimming with PWM Duty Cycle 15 mA / 18 mA = 83.3%. This allows sufficient range for temperature compensation with ΔPWM adjustments steps. Therefore for current of 15mA, luminous intensity levels are 15 mA/20 mA = 0.75 of the 20mA specified level, i.e. luminous intensity is 412 mcd for Red, 825 mcd for Green, and 180 mcd for Blue, that gives us intensity ratio 2.3:4.6:1. To achieve the desired white balance at intensity ratio 3:7:1, forward current levels for each color channel should be adjusted. If the maximum intensity for Green LED is 825 mcd at 15mA current, the intensity of other LEDs should be 825 x 3/7 = 354 mcd for Red and 825 x 1/7 = 118 mcd for Blue. That responds to the following LED currents: 354/412 x 15 mA = 12.9 mA for Red LED, and 118/180 * 15mA = 9.8 mA for Blue LED. However, this equal current setting at 25ºC may not meet requirements for RGB white balance color mixing. A typical color balance ratio for RGB diodes is given in the Nichia Application Note “Balancing White Color.” Here for white light at x = 0.33 and y = 0.33 on the (x, y) chromaticity curve (see Figure A2.1), the luminous intensity ratios for R:G:B = 3:7:1. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice This could be achieved via adjustment to the user-set Dynamic Dimming levels for each channel. Since Green LED has the highest intensity, all static LED currents should be set equal to the Green LED maximum forward current at 15.6 mA instead of 18 mA as we assume previously. Then to insure 15 mA 29 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 nominal current setting for Green at 25ºC, set the Green Dynamic Dimming PWM level for 15 mA / 15.6 mA x 100% = 96% duty cycle. This insures sufficient range for temperature correction. Then the PWM Duty Cycle would be at 12.9 mA / 15.6 mA = ~ 82.7% for Red LED and 9.8 mA / 15.6 mA = 62.8% for Blue LED. In this approach Green LED current would be set for 15.6mA, while Red LED current would be 15.6 mA / 15 ma x 12.9 mA = 13.4 mA, and Blue LED current 15.6 mA / 15 mA x 9.8mA = 10.2mA. The PWM Dynamic Dimming level could then be set at 96% Duty Cycle for all three channels to meet the 15 mA for Green at 25ºC. Further dimming needs could use the Global PWM Dimming feature. Note: maximum Red LED current at 5ºC would be 1.2 * 12.9 mA = 15.48 mA, so the maximum current of 15.6 mA is sufficient to meet the Red temperature compensation requirements. As can be seen, adjusting for white balance can reduce overall power levels from the chosen 133 mW (in this example). Different maximum current level points could be chosen to increase overall luminosity level and still meet total 133 mW power level. This approach uses same static DC current to establish the ‘base” chromaticity point of the LEDs. Color mixing is then performed with PWM adjustment without any additional color shifts. These choices are user/application dependent. The approach overviewed in the example can be applied to other RGB LEDs. A second approach is to establish the white balance ratio at maximum current using the static LED current settings. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 30 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Appendix 3 LED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT To implement the temperature correction of the ILED vs. Temperature in respect to compensation curve, the LED temperature should be known. the PTAT (proportional to absolute temperature) technique, as the ΔVF has a linear and positive (proportional) tracking coefficient with temperature. kT I F 2  VF  ln I F 2 I F 1 (3) I  R S  q  F1  A very common and reliable method of measuring temperature in integrated circuits is to take advantage of the forward voltage (VF) behavior of a P-N junction semiconductor diode with respect to temperature. A second method for diode temperature sensing measures the diode VF at two different temperatures (T1 and T2 ) at a constant IF, and it is also commonly employed. At any given current, the forward voltage (VF) of a PN junction diode is I F  ( kT ) VF  x ln  I  (1) q S  This is referred to as the CTAT (complementary to absolute temperature) technique as the VF has a linear but negative (complementary) tracking rate with temperature. This method requires that the VF temperature coefficient be pre-characterized. Where: = ideality factor; ~ 1 for silicon -23 k = Boltzmann constant = 1.38 x 10 , (Joules)/deg K -19 q = Charge of electron = 1.602 x 10 coulombs T = Absolute Temperature, deg K IF = the diode forward current, A IS= the diode reverse saturation current, A. The LDS8160 utilizes both techniques for improved temperature estimation accuracy. A proprietary digital arbitration algorithm resolves the final temperature estimation every 2.5 seconds from both techniques and a combination of on-chip silicon diode and LED device measurements. LEDs, based on compound semiconductors other than silicon structures, have complex dependency between forward voltage and current The ideality factor term, η, is based on the physic al properties of the diode construction and directly relates to the recombination leakage current caused by defects. For an ideal diode  = 1, and the VF increases at the rate of 60 mV per decade change in IF. Non-ideal P-N junctions (i.e. LEDs) have > 1; therefore the change in VF increases more per decade change in IF. E g kT I F  V F _ LED   ln  I  RS I F (2) q q S  Where RS – is LED series resistance, Ω, E g – is the bandgap energy of the material that determines the wavelength of emitted light E g -34 hc  ,  This factor varies across manufactures and devices, and it requires a calibration before direct temperature sensing of the LEDs. The ideality factor  may be determined as the slope of the logarithmic I vs. V diode characteristic in the low operating current region (where effects of RS are negligible). h = 6.626 x 10 (Joules x s) - is Planck's constant; 8 c = 3.0 x 10 m/s - is the speed of light; = wavelength in m The problem with measuring V F directly is that the IS term is highly temperature dependent and very difficult to measure or predict. Additionally, generating a precise current that does not vary with power supply, processing variations and temperature is also very difficult. Series resistance, RS , is another non-ideal characteristic. LEDs typically operate at forward currents in the range of several of milliamps, therefore, LEDs series resistance in the range of 10’s of ohms results in a significant deviation from ideal behavior. The actual RS value can be extracted from the logarithmic I vs. VF curve of the diode in the high current operating region. Measuring VF at two separate forward currents, I F2 and I F1 allows avoiding these issues. Due to the nature of logarithms, the difference, ΔV F, between the two measurements will be linearly dependent on temperature, and the IS terms will cancel. In addition, the linear term is a function of a ratio of currents that are relatively straightforward to implement and independent of the operating conditions. This temperature measurement method is also known as © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice Figure A3.1 shows a curve that represents a Nichia WLED (NSSW020BT-P1) used for mobile display backlighting. The R S value extracted from this curve is ~17 Ω and = ~ 1.55. 31 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 For comparison, the second curve is the “ideal” curve obtained if =1 and R S = 0 (with the same VF turn on voltage). A thermal related package offset for the LEDs must also be stored (based on LED vendor thermal data) to further correlate LED Tj with the silicon diode Tj and the Ta during the calibration process. This additional LED based package offset should be loaded by the user, based on user’s selection of LEDs and operating conditions during the desired calibration sequence. The user decides the operating condition for running the calibration sequence, and initiates a calibration command by writing bit 4 of Register 1Fh to “1” (the bit resets automatically upon completion). If the calibration starts prior to setting currents to the LEDs, (i.e. after the power-on initialization sequence for the LDS8160), then during the calibration period, we assume that the ambient temperature, Ta, is the same for both the on-chip diode and the LEDs (since no DC current flow in LEDs, there is no appreciable temperature offset incurred). Figure A3.1: I-V characteristic for Nichia WLED diode (NSSW020BT-P1 The LDS8160 implements LED temperature measurement using two low currents during PWM off time. Low currents are used to avoid error due high LED’ RS value and LED heating during measurement. The sampling time is ~ 125usec per LED sensed every 2.5 sec. The interruption and change in the average LED current is ~ 0.015% in the sampling period and ~0.6% error in the local 20msec time window of the measured sample. This is below the level to have any visual effect. The LEDs also have a typical offset between junction and ambient temperature, which is applied to obtain the reference LED Tj used for calibrating the ideality factor as prior discussed. The LDS8160 is delivered with factory-preset values, however, the user must load LED specific parameters and recommended factory values for the internal silicon diode. Ta-Tj Temperature Offset adjustment for silicon diode 0 – register 49h, bit3 – bit0 (every LSB is equal 5 C offset, with +35ºC to -40ºC range); LDS8160 allows LED sensing on three LED driver channels (1 per each bank or color channel). The temperature may be measured on any LED (R, G, B, WLED, or other) connected to the LEDA1, LEDB1, or LEDC1 driver channels. This allows users to determine the junction temperature for one LED for each of the three Banks (or color channels). Ta-Tj Temperature Offset for LEDs – register 49h, 0 bit7 – bit4 (every LSB is equal 5 C offset, with +35ºC to -40ºC range);); Silicon diode VF temperature coefficient – register A0h, bit 7 – bit0; factory recommended load value dis -1.71 mV/°C = 00110110 (bin) = 36h Additional correction, based on measurements of an on-chip silicon diode’s temperature data, improves measurement precision. Silicon diode ideality coefficient – register C0h; factory recommended load values is 1.000 = 01000000(bin) = 40h The LDS8160 performs a calibration routine at startup to determine the ideality factor  for the LEDs used. In addition, this calibration process may be conducted at user (system) defined operating points. Temperature Offset between Tj and Ta for LED – register D0h (user loaded) - correction from ambient temperature to LED junction temperature; factory default = 04h. During the calibration sequence, the junction temperature Tj of the on-chip silicon diode is measured and the ambient temperature Ta is obtained by applying a stored offset between Tj and Ta. This offset depends on LDS8160 package thermal resistance, the user selected operating condition, and the device power levels during the calibration sequence. Factory defaults are provided but can be reprogrammed by the user. © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice Temperature Offset between Tj and Ta for silicon diode – register D2h, correction for LDS8160 package thermal characteristics; factory default =02h. LEDs Rs value (user loaded) for Banks A, B, and C registers D6h, D8h, and DAh respectively. 32 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Appendix 4 LDS8160 Dynamic PWM Dimming Codes (1/Duty Cycle) # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % Table A4.1 Dynamic Mode Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. registers 05h – 07h data 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F -72.3 -66.3 -62.8 -60.3 -58.3 -56.7 55.4 -54.3 -53.2 -52.3 -51.5 -50.7 -50 -49.4 -48.8 -48.2 -47.7 -47.2 -46.7 -46.3 -45.9 -45.5 -45.1 -44.7 -44.4 -44 -43.7 -43.4 -43.1 -42.8 -42.5 100 99.98 99.95 99.93 99.90 99.88 99.85 99.83 99.80 99.78 99.76 99.73 99.71 99.68 99.66 99.63 99.61 99.58 99.56 99.54 99.51 99.49 99.46 99.44 99.41 99.39 99.37 99.34 99.32 99.29 99.27 99.24 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F -41.9 -41.4 -40.9 -40.5 -40.1 -39.6 -39.2 -38.9 -38.5 -38.2 -37.8 -37.5 -37.2 -36.9 -36.6 -36.3 -36.1 -35.8 -35.5 -35.3 -35 -34.8 -34.6 -34.4 -34.1 -33.9 -33.7 -33.5 -33.3 -33.1 -32.9 -32.8 99.19 99.15 99.10 99.05 99.00 98.95 98.90 98.85 98.80 98.75 98.71 98.66 98.61 98.56 98.51 98.46 98.41 98.36 98.32 98.27 98.22 98.17 98.12 98.07 98.02 97.97 97.92 97.88 97.83 97.78 97.73 97.68 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F -32.6 -32.4 -32.2 -32.1 -31.9 -31.7 -31.6 -31.4 -31.3 -31.1 -30.9 -30.8 -30.7 -30.5 -30.4 -30.2 -30.1 -30 -29.8 -29.7 -29.6 -29.5 -29.3 -29.2 -29.1 -29 -28.8 -28.7 -28.6 -28.5 -28.4 -28.3 97.63 97.58 97.53 97.49 97.44 97.39 97.34 97.29 97.24 97.19 97.14 97.09 97.05 97.00 96.95 96.90 96.85 96.80 96.75 96.70 96.66 96.61 96.56 96.51 96.46 96.41 96.36 96.31 96.26 96.22 96.17 96.12 Continued © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 33 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Table A4.1 Dynamic Mode Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. registers 05h – 07h data # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % Continue 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F -28.1 -27.9 -27.7 -27.5 -27.3 -27.1 -26.9 -26.7 -26.5 -26.3 -26.2 -26 -25.8 -25.7 -25.5 -25.3 -25.2 -25 -24.9 -24.7 -24.6 -24.5 -24.3 -24.2 -24 -23.9 -23.8 -23.7 -23.5 -23.4 -23.3 -23.2 96.02 95.92 95.83 95.73 95.63 95.53 95.43 95.34 95.24 95.14 95.04 94.95 94.85 94.75 94.65 94.56 94.46 94.36 94.26 94.17 94.07 93.97 93.87 93.77 93.68 93.58 93.48 93.38 93.29 93.19 93.09 92.99 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E 8F 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F -22.9 -22.7 -22.5 -22.2 -22 -21.8 -21.6 -21.4 -21.2 -21 -20.8 -20.6 -20.5 -20.3 -20.1 -20 -19.8 -19.6 -19.5 -19.3 -19.2 -19 -18.9 -18.7 -18.6 -18.4 -18.3 -18.1 -18 -17.9 -17.7 -17.6 92.80 92.60 92.41 92.21 92.02 91.82 91.63 91.43 91.24 91.04 90.84 90.65 90.45 90.26 90.06 89.87 89.67 89.48 89.28 89.09 88.89 88.70 88.50 88.31 88.11 87.92 87.72 87.52 87.33 87.13 86.94 86.74 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE AF B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE BF -17.4 -17.1 -16.9 -16.6 -16.4 -16.2 -16 -15.8 -15.6 -15.4 -15.2 -15 -14.8 -14.6 -14.4 -14.3 -14.1 -13.9 -13.8 -13.6 -13.4 -13.3 -13.1 -13 -12.8 -12.7 -12.5 -12.4 -12.3 -12.1 -12 -11.8 86.35 85.96 85.57 85.18 84.79 84.40 84.01 83.62 83.23 82.84 82.45 82.06 81.67 81.27 80.88 80.49 80.10 79.71 79.32 78.93 78.54 78.15 77.76 77.37 76.98 76.59 76.20 75.81 75.42 75.02 74.63 74.24 Continued © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 34 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Table A4.1 Dynamic Mode Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. registers 05h – 07h data # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % Continue 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE CF D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF -11.6 -11.3 -11.1 -10.9 -10.6 -10.4 -10.2 -10 -9.8 -9.5 -9.3 -9.2 -9 -8.8 -8.6 -8.4 -8.2 -8.1 -7.9 -7.7 -7.6 -7.4 -7.3 -7.1 -6.9 -6.8 -6.7 -6.5 -6.4 -6.2 -6.1 -6 73.46 72.68 71.90 71.12 70.34 69.56 68.77 67.99 67.21 66.43 65.65 64.87 64.09 63.31 62.52 61.74 60.96 60.18 59.40 58.62 57.84 57.06 56.27 55.49 54.71 53.93 53.15 52.37 51.59 50.81 50.02 49.24 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 FA FB FC FD FE FF -5.7 -5.4 -5.2 -4.9 -4.7 -4.5 -4.3 -4 -3.8 -3.6 -3.4 -3.2 -3 -2.8 -2.7 -2.5 -2.3 -2.1 -2 -1.8 -1.6 -1.5 -1.3 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1 0 47.68 46.12 44.56 42.99 41.43 39.87 38.31 36.74 35.18 33.62 32.06 30.49 28.93 27.37 25.81 24.24 22.68 21.12 19.56 17.99 16.43 14.87 13.31 11.74 10.18 8.62 7.06 5.49 3.93 2.37 0.81 0.00 © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 35 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Appendix 5 LDS8160 Global PWM Dimming Codes # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % Table A5.1 Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. register 04h data 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -1 -1.2 -1.3 -1.5 -1.6 -1.8 -2 -2.1 -2.3 -2.5 -2.7 -2.8 -3 -3.2 -3.4 -3.6 -3.8 -4 -4.3 -4.5 -4.7 -4.9 -5.2 -5.4 -5.7 0.00 0.81 2.37 3.93 5.49 7.06 8.62 10.18 11.74 13.31 14.87 16.43 17.99 19.56 21.12 22.68 24.24 25.81 27.37 28.93 30.49 32.06 33.62 35.18 36.74 38.31 39.87 41.43 42.99 44.56 46.12 47.68 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F -6 -6.1 -6.2 -6.4 -6.5 -6.7 -6.8 -6.9 -7.1 -7.3 -7.4 -7.6 -7.7 -7.9 -8.1 -8.2 -8.4 -8.6 -8.8 -9 -9.2 -9.3 -9.5 -9.8 -10 -10.2 -10.4 -10.6 -10.9 -11.1 -11.3 -11.6 49.24 50.02 50.81 51.59 52.37 53.15 53.93 54.71 55.49 56.27 57.06 57.84 58.62 59.40 60.18 60.96 61.74 62.52 63.31 64.09 64.87 65.65 66.43 67.21 67.99 68.77 69.56 70.34 71.12 71.90 72.68 73.46 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F -11.8 -12 -12.1 -12.3 -12.4 -12.5 -12.7 -12.8 -13 -13.1 -13.3 -13.4 -13.6 -13.8 -13.9 -14.1 -14.3 -14.4 -14.6 -14.8 -15 -15.2 -15.4 -15.6 -15.8 -16 -16.2 -16.4 -16.6 -16.9 -17.1 -17.4 74.24 74.63 75.02 75.42 75.81 76.20 76.59 76.98 77.37 77.76 78.15 78.54 78.93 79.32 79.71 80.10 80.49 80.88 81.27 81.67 82.06 82.45 82.84 83.23 83.62 84.01 84.40 84.79 85.18 85.57 85.96 86.35 Continued © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 36 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Table A5.1 Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. register 04h data # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % Continue 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F -17.6 -17.7 -17.9 -18 -18.1 -18.3 -18.4 -18.6 -18.7 -18.9 -19 -19.2 -19.3 -19.5 -19.6 -19.8 -20 -20.1 -20.3 -20.5 -20.6 -20.8 -21 -21.2 -21.4 -21.6 -21.8 -22 -22.2 -22.5 -22.7 -22.9 86.74 86.94 87.13 87.33 87.52 87.72 87.92 88.11 88.31 88.50 88.70 88.89 89.09 89.28 89.48 89.67 89.87 90.06 90.26 90.45 90.65 90.84 91.04 91.24 91.43 91.63 91.82 92.02 92.21 92.41 92.60 92.80 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E 8F 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F -23.2 -23.3 -23.4 -23.5 -23.7 -23.8 -23.9 -24 -24.2 -24.3 -24.5 -24.6 -24.7 -24.9 -25 -25.2 -25.3 -25.5 -25.7 -25.8 -26 -26.2 -26.3 -26.5 -26.7 -26.9 -27.1 -27.3 -27.5 -27.7 -27.9 -28.1 92.99 93.09 93.19 93.29 93.38 93.48 93.58 93.68 93.77 93.87 93.97 94.07 94.17 94.26 94.36 94.46 94.56 94.65 94.75 94.85 94.95 95.04 95.14 95.24 95.34 95.43 95.53 95.63 95.73 95.83 95.92 96.02 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE AF B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE BF -28.3 -28.4 -28.5 -28.6 -28.7 -28.8 -29 -29.1 -29.2 -29.3 -29.5 -29.6 -29.7 -29.8 -30 -30.1 -30.2 -30.4 -30.5 -30.7 -30.8 -30.9 -31.1 -31.3 -31.4 -31.6 -31.7 -31.9 -32.1 -32.2 -32.4 -32.6 96.12 96.17 96.22 96.26 96.31 96.36 96.41 96.46 96.51 96.56 96.61 96.66 96.70 96.75 96.80 96.85 96.90 96.95 97.00 97.05 97.09 97.14 97.19 97.24 97.29 97.34 97.39 97.44 97.49 97.53 97.58 97.63 Continued © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 37 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Table Global Dimming in Logarithmic Mode vs. register 04h data # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % # of steps Hex code Dimming, dB Dimming, % Continue 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE CF D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF -32.8 -32.9 -33.1 -33.3 -33.5 -33.7 -33.9 -34.1 -34.4 -34.6 -34.8 -35 -35.3 -35.5 -35.8 -36.1 -36.3 -36.6 -36.9 -37.2 -37.5 -37.8 -38.2 -38.5 -38.9 -39.2 -39.6 -40.1 -40.5 -40.9 -41.4 -41.9 97.68 97.73 97.78 97.83 97.88 97.92 97.97 98.02 98.07 98.12 98.17 98.22 98.27 98.32 98.36 98.41 98.46 98.51 98.56 98.61 98.66 98.71 98.75 98.80 98.85 98.90 98.95 99.00 99.05 99.10 99.15 99.19 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 FA FB FC FD FE FF -42.5 -42.8 -43.1 -43.4 -43.7 -44 -44.4 -44.7 -45.1 -45.5 -45.9 -46.3 -46.7 -47.2 -47.7 -48.2 -48.8 -49.4 -50 -50.7 -51.5 -52.3 -53.2 -54.3 -55.4 -56.7 -58.3 -60.3 -62.8 -66.3 -72.3 99.24 99.27 99.29 99.32 99.34 99.37 99.39 99.41 99.44 99.46 99.49 99.51 99.54 99.56 99.58 99.61 99.63 99.66 99.68 99.71 99.73 99.76 99.78 99.80 99.83 99.85 99.88 99.90 99.93 99.95 99.98 100 © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice 38 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0 LDS8160 Warranty and Use IXYS CORP. MAKES NO WARRANTY, REPRESENTATION OR GUARANTEE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THE SUITABILITY OF ITS PRODUCTS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NOR THAT THE USE OF ITS PRODUCTS WILL NOT INFRINGE ITS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OR THE RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES WITH RESPECT TO ANY PARTICULAR USE OR APPLICATION AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF ANY SUCH USE OR APPLICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES. IXYS Corp. products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the IXYS Corp. product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. IXYS Corp. reserves the right to make changes to or discontinue any product or service described herein without notice. Products with data sheets labeled "Advance Information" or "Preliminary" and other products described herein may not be in production or offered for sale. IXYS Corp. advises customers to obtain the current version of the relevant product information before placing orders. Circuit diagrams illustrate typical semiconductor applications and may not be complete. IXYS Corp. 1590 Buckeye Dr., Milpitas, CA 95035-7418 Phone: 408.457.9000 Fax: 408.496.0222 http://www.ixys.com © 2009 IXYS Corp. Characteristics subject to change without notice Document No: 8160_DS Revision: N1.0 Issue date: 10/23/2009 39 Doc. No. 8160_DS, Rev. N1.0

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