Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
ESG, +105°C
Overview
Applications
The KEMET ESG radial aluminum electrolytic
capacitors are designed for long life (5,000 hours)
and high reliability applications.
Typical applications include electronic ballast, power
supplies, and long-life equipment.
Benefits
• Suited for long life, high reliability applications
• Operating temperature of up to 105°C
• 3,000 – 5,000 hour operating life
• High ripple current
• Safety vent on the capacitor base
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Part Number System
ESG
226
M
160
A
H4
AA
Series
Capacitance
Code (pF)
Tolerance
Rated Voltage
(VDC)
Electrical
Parameters
Size Code
Packaging
See Dimension
Table
See Ordering
Options Table
Radial
Aluminum
Electrolytic
First two digits
represent
significant
figures for
capacitance
values. Last
digit specifies
the number
of zeros to be
added.
M = ±20%
160 = 160
200 = 200
250 = 250
350 = 350
400 = 400
450 = 450
500 = 500
A = Standard
Built Into Tomorrow
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
1
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Ordering Options Table
Diameter
Length
Packaging Type
Lead Type
Lead Length
(mm)
Lead and
Packaging Code
20/15 Minimum
AA
Standard Bulk Packaging Options
4 – 22
All
Bulk (bag)
Straight
Tape & Reel
4–5
4–8
4–8
10
All
Tape & Reel
Formed to 2.5 mm
H0 = 16 ±0.75
LA
All
Tape & Reel
2.5 mm lead spacing
H0 = 18.5 ±0.75
KA
All
Tape & Reel
Formed to 5 mm
H0 = 16 ±0.75
JA
≤ 20
Tape & Reel
Straight
H0 = 18.5 ±0.75
KA
Ammo Pack
4–8
4–8
4–5
10 – 13
16
18
All
Ammo
Formed to 5 mm
H0 = 16 ±0.75
DA
All
Ammo
Straight
H0 = 18.5 ±0.75
EA
All
Ammo
Formed to 2.5 mm
H0 = 16 ±0.75
FA
All
Ammo
5 mm lead spacing
H0 = 18.5 ±0.75
EA
All
Ammo
7.5 mm lead spacing
H0 = 18.5 ±0.75
EA
≤ 25
Ammo
7.5 mm lead spacing
H0 = 18.5 ±0.75
EA
Contact KEMET for other lead and packaging options
Environmental Compliance
As an environmentally conscious company, KEMET is working continuously with improvements concerning the environmental
effects of both our capacitors and their production. In Europe (RoHS Directive) and in some other geographical areas like
China, legislation has been put in place to prevent the use of some hazardous materials, such as lead (Pb), in electronic
equipment. All products in this catalog are produced to help our customers’ obligations to guarantee their products and fulfill
these legislative requirements. The only material of concern in our products has been lead (Pb), which has been removed
from all designs to fulfill the requirement of containing less than 0.1% of lead in any homogeneous material. KEMET will
closely follow any changes in legislation world wide and make any necessary changes in its products, whenever needed.
Some customer segments such as medical, military and automotive electronics may still require the use of lead in electrode
coatings. To clarify the situation and distinguish products from each other, a special symbol is used on the packaging labels
for RoHS compatible capacitors.
Due to customer requirements, there may appear additional markings such as lead free (LF) or lead-free wires (LFW) on the
label.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
2
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Dimensions – Millimeters
TERMINAL END VIEW
SIDE VIEW
L
LL+
D
P
d
LL−
Size Code
H9
H2
H8
H4
H5
L3
L4
M5
M7
M1
M9
M2
M3
N4
N5
N1
N2
N3
Q3
Q4
Q5
D
L
P
d
LL+/LL-
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Minimum
10
10
10
10
10
13
13
16
16
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
18
22
22
22
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
12.5
15.0
16.0
20.0
25.0
20.0
25.0
20.0
25.0
26.0
30.0
32.0
36.0
20.0
25.0
32.0
36.0
40.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
+1.5/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
+2.0/−0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
10.0
10.0
10.0
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
±0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
20/15
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
3
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Performance Characteristics
Item
Performance Characteristics
4.7 – 330 µF
Capacitance Range
3.3 – 100 µF
±20% at 120 Hz/20°C
Capacitance Tolerance
160 – 400 VDC
Rated Voltage
450 – 500 VDC
5,000 hours (see conditions in Test Methods & Performance)
Life Test
-40°C to +105°C
Operating Temperature
-25°C to +105°C
I = 0.06 CV (µA) +10 µA
Leakage Current
C = rated capacitance (µF), V = rated voltage (VDC). Voltage applied for 2 minutes at 20°C.
Impedance Z Characteristics at 120 Hz
Rated Voltage (VDC)
160
200
250
350
400
450
500
Z (-25°C)/Z (20°C)
3
3
3
5
5
6
6
Z (-40°C)/Z (20°C)
6
6
6
6
6
Compensation Factor of Ripple Current (RC) vs. Frequency
Rated Voltage (VDC)
50 – 60 Hz 120 Hz 300 Hz
1 kHz
10 – 100 kHz
160 – 450
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
500
0.75
1.00
1.20
1.35
1.50
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
4
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Test Method & Performance
Conditions
Temperature
Test Duration
Load Life Test
Shelf Life Test
105°C
105°C
5,000 hours
1,000 hours
If dimension is down size Endurance is 3,000 hours.
Ripple Current
Maximum ripple current specified at 120 Hz 105°C
No ripple current applied
Voltage
The sum of DC voltage and the peak AC voltage
must not exceed the rated voltage of the capacitor
No voltage applied
Performance
Capacitance Change
Dissipation Factor
Leakage Current
The following specifications will be satisfied when the capacitor is restored to 20°C:
Within ±20% of the initial value
Does not exceed 200% of the specified value
Does not exceed specified value
Shelf Life
The capacitance, ESR and impedance of a capacitor will not change significantly after extended storage periods, however,
the leakage current will very slowly increase.
KEMET's E aluminum electrolytic capacitors should not be stored in high temperatures or where there is a high level of
humidity. The suitable storage condition for KEMET's E aluminum electrolytic capacitors is +5 to +35°C and less than 75%
in relative humidity. KEMET's E aluminum electrolytic capacitors should not be stored in damp conditions such as water,
saltwater spray or oil spray. KEMET's E aluminum electrolytic capacitors should not be stored in an environment full of
hazardous gas (hydrogen sulphide, sulphurous acid gas, nitrous acid, chlorine gas, ammonium, etc.) KEMET's E aluminum
electrolytic capacitors should not be stored under exposure to ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation.
If a capacitor has been stored for more than 18 months under these conditions and it shows increased leakage current,
then a treatment by voltage application is recommended.
Re-Age (Reforming) Procedure
Apply the rated voltage to the capacitor at room temperature for a period of one hour, or until the leakage current has fallen
to a steady value below the specified limit. During re-aging a maximum charging current of twice the specified leakage
current or 5 mA, whichever is greater, is suggested.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
5
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Table 1 – Ratings & Part Number Reference
Rated
Voltage
Surge
Voltage
Rated Capacitance
Case
Size
DF
RC
LC
Part Number
(VDC)
(VDC)
120 Hz 20°C
(µF)
DxL
(mm)
120 Hz 20°C
(tanδ %)
120 Hz 105°C
(mA)
20°C 2 minutes
(µA)
() Represents Part
Number Options
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
350
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
22
33
47
68
68
100
100
150
150
220
220
330
10
15
22
33
33
47
68
68
100
100
150
220
10
10
10
22
33
47
47
68
68
100
100
150
220
10
22
33
33
47
47
68
68
100
4.7
6.8
10
10
22
22
22
33
33
10 x 20
10 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 25
16 x 20
16 x 25
18 x 20
16 x 32
18 x 25
16 x 32
18 x 25
18 x 32
*10 x 16
*10 x 16
10 x 20
*10 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 25
16 x 20
16 x 25
18 x 20
18 x 25
18 x 32
*10 x 16
*10 x 25
10 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 25
16 x 20
16 x 25
18 x 20
16 x 32
18 x 25
18 x 32
18 x 40
10 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 25
16 x 20
16 x 25
18 x 20
16 x 32
18 x 25
18 x 32
*10 x 16
*10 x 16
*10 x 16
10 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 25
16 x 20
16 x 25
18 x 20
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
160
210
260
360
430
475
465
650
625
750
725
960
80
100
160
160
210
260
360
430
475
465
650
780
85
145
100
160
210
270
275
380
375
520
500
650
820
100
160
230
250
300
315
400
380
530
60
72
85
100
145
170
200
230
250
222.0
327.0
461.0
663.0
663.0
970.0
970.0
1450.0
1450.0
2122.0
2122.0
3178.0
274.0
274.0
274.0
406.0
406.0
574.0
826.0
826.0
1210.0
1210.0
1810.0
2650.0
160.0
160.0
160.0
340.0
505.0
715.0
715.0
1030.0
1030.0
1510.0
1510.0
2260.0
3310.0
220.0
472.0
703.0
703.0
997.0
997.0
1438.0
1438.0
2110.0
123.0
123.0
123.0
250.0
538.0
538.0
538.0
802.0
802.0
ESG226M160AH4(1)
ESG336M160AH4(1)
ESG476M160AL3(1)
ESG686M160AL4(1)
ESG686M160AM5(1)
ESG107M160AM7(1)
ESG107M160AN4(1)
ESG157M160AM2(1)
ESG157M160AN5(1)
ESG227M160AM2(1)
ESG227M160AN5(1)
ESG337M160AN1(1)
ESG106M200AH8(1)
ESG156M200AH8(1)
ESG226M200AH4(1)
ESG336M200AH4(1)
ESG336M200AL3(1)
ESG476M200AL3(1)
ESG686M200AL4(1)
ESG686M200AM5(1)
ESG107M200AM7(1)
ESG107M200AN4(1)
ESG157M200AN5(1)
ESG227M200AN1(1)
ESG106M250AH8(1)
ESG106M250AH5(1)
ESG106M250AH4(1)
ESG226M250AL3(1)
ESG336M250AL3(1)
ESG476M250AL4(1)
ESG476M250AM5(1)
ESG686M250AM7(1)
ESG686M250AN4(1)
ESG107M250AM2(1)
ESG107M250AN5(1)
ESG157M250AN1(1)
ESG227M250AN3(1)
ESG106M350AH4(1)
ESG226M350AL3(1)
ESG336M350AL4(1)
ESG336M350AM5(1)
ESG476M350AM7(1)
ESG476M350AN4(1)
ESG686M350AM2(1)
ESG686M350AN5(1)
ESG107M350AN1(1)
ESG475M400AH8(1)
ESG685M400AH8(1)
ESG106M400AH8(1)
ESG106M400AH4(1)
ESG226M400AL3(1)
ESG226M400AL4(1)
ESG226M400AM5(1)
ESG336M400AM7(1)
ESG336M400AN4(1)
(VDC)
(VDC)
120 Hz 20°C
(µF)
DxL
(mm)
120 Hz 20°C
(tanδ %)
120 Hz 105°C
(mA)
20°C 2 minutes
(µA)
() Represents Part
Number Options
Rated Voltage
Surge Voltage
Rated Capacitance
Case Size
DF
RC
LC
Part Number
(1) Insert packaging code. See Ordering Options Table for available options.
* Dimension is down size, Endurance is 3,000 hours.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
6
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Table 1 – Ratings & Part Number Reference cont.
Rated
Voltage
Surge
Voltage
Rated Capacitance
Case
Size
DF
RC
LC
Part Number
(VDC)
(VDC)
120 Hz 20°C
(µF)
DxL
(mm)
120 Hz 20°C
(tanδ %)
120 Hz 105°C
(mA)
20°C 2 minutes
(µA)
() Represents Part
Number Options
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
450
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
47
47
47
68
68
68
100
100
150
150
3.3
4.7
6.8
10
10
22
22
22
33
33
33
47
47
68
68
68
100
4.7
6.8
10
22
22
33
33
47
47
68
68
82
82
100
120
150
16 x 25
16 x 32
18 x 25
16 x 30
16 x 32
18 x 36
18 x 32
18 x 40
18 x 40
22 x 40
10 x 20
13 x 20
*10 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 25
13 x 20
16 x 25
18 x 20
16 x 25
16 x 32
18 x 25
16 x 26
18 x 32
18 x 25
18 x 32
18 x 40
22 x 40
10 x 20
13 x 20
13 x 25
16 x 25
18 x 20
16 x 32
18 x 25
16 x 36
18 x 32
18 x 32
18 x 36
18 x 40
22 x 35
22 x 35
22 x 40
22 x 45
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
255
300
325
340
350
420
465
545
525
650
60
80
90
110
110
145
190
200
235
275
280
270
340
335
395
460
580
70
100
130
225
220
305
295
430
435
530
555
640
675
746
865
1020
1138.0
1138.0
1138.0
1642.0
1642.0
1642.0
2410.0
2410.0
3610.0
3610.0
99.0
137.0
194.0
280.0
280.0
604.0
604.0
604.0
901.0
901.0
901.0
1,279.0
1,279.0
1,846.0
1,846.0
1,846.0
2,710.0
151.0
214.0
310.0
670.0
670.0
1,000.0
1,000.0
1,420.0
1,420.0
2,050.0
2,050.0
2,470.0
2,470.0
3,010.0
3,610.0
4,510.0
ESG476M400AM7(1)
ESG476M400AM2(1)
ESG476M400AN5(1)
ESG686M400AM9(1)
ESG686M400AM2(1)
ESG686M400AN2(1)
ESG107M400AN1(1)
ESG107M400AN3(1)
ESG157M400AN3(1)
ESG157M400AQ4(1)
ESG335M450AH4(1)
ESG475M450AL3(1)
ESG685M450AH4(1)
ESG106M450AL3(1)
ESG106M450AL4(1)
ESG226M450AL3(1)
ESG226M450AM7(1)
ESG226M450AN4(1)
ESG336M450AM7(1)
ESG336M450AM2(1)
ESG336M450AN5(1)
ESG476M450AM1(1)
ESG476M450AN1(1)
ESG686M450AN5(1)
ESG686M450AN1(1)
ESG686M450AN3(1)
ESG107M450AQ4(1)
ESG475M500AH4(1)
ESG685M500AL3(1)
ESG106M500AL4(1)
ESG226M500AM7(1)
ESG226M500AN4(1)
ESG336M500AM2(1)
ESG336M500AN5(1)
ESG476M500AM3(1)
ESG476M500AN1(1)
ESG686M500AN1(1)
ESG686M500AN2(1)
ESG826M500AN3(1)
ESG826M500AQ3(1)
ESG107M500AQ3(1)
ESG127M500AQ4(1)
ESG157M500AQ5(1)
(VDC)
(VDC)
120 Hz 20°C
(µF)
DxL
(mm)
120 Hz 20°C
(tanδ %)
120 Hz 105°C
(mA)
20°C 2 minutes
(µA)
() Represents Part
Number Options
Rated Voltage
Surge Voltage
Rated Capacitance
Case Size
DF
RC
LC
Part Number
(1) Insert packaging code. See Ordering Options Table for available options.
* Dimension is down size, Endurance is 3,000 hours.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
7
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Mounting Positions (Safety Vent)
In operation, electrolytic capacitors will always conduct a leakage current, which causes electrolysis. The oxygen produced
by electrolysis will regenerate the dielectric layer but, at the same time, the hydrogen released may cause the internal
pressure of the capacitor to increase. The overpressure vent, or safety vent, ensures that the gas can escape when the
pressure reaches a certain value. All mounting positions must allow the safety vent to work properly.
Installing
• As a general principle, lower-use temperatures result in a longer, useful life of the capacitor. For this reason, it should be
ensured that electrolytic capacitors are placed away from heat-emitting components. Adequate space should be allowed
between components for cooling air to circulate, particularly when high ripple current loads are applied. In any case, the
maximum category temperature must not be exceeded.
• Do not deform the case of the capacitors or use capacitors with a deformed case.
• Verify that the connections of the capacitors are able to insert on the board without excessive mechanical force.
• If the capacitors require mounting through additional means, the recommended mounting accessories shall be used.
• Verify the correct polarization of the capacitor on the board.
• Verify that the space around the pressure relief device is according to the following guideline:
Case Diameter
Space Around Safety Vent
≤ 16 mm
> 2 mm
> 16 to ≤ 40 mm
> 3 mm
> 40 mm
> 5 mm
It is recommended that capacitors always be mounted with the safety device uppermost or in the upper part of the capacitor.
• If the capacitors are stored for a long time, the leakage current must be verified. If the leakage current is superior to the
value listed in this catalog, the capacitors must be reformed. In this case, they can be reformed by application of the rated
voltage through a series resistor approximately 1 kΩ for capacitors with VR ≤ 160 V (5 W resistor) and 10 kΩ for the other
rated voltages.
• In the case of capacitors connected in a series, a suitable voltage sharing must be used.
In the case of balancing resistors, the approximate resistance value can be calculated as: R = 60/C.
KEMET recommends, nevertheless, to ensure that the voltage across each capacitor does not exceed its rated voltage.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
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A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
8
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Application & Operation Guidelines
Electrical Ratings:
Capacitance (ESC)
Simplified equivalent circuit diagram of an electrolytic capacitor
The capacitive component of the equivalent series circuit, (equivalent series capacitance - ESC), is determined by applying
an alternate voltage of ≤ 0.5 V at a frequency of 120 or 100 Hz and 20°C (IEC 384-1, 384-4).
Capacitance Change vs. Temperature
(typical value)
Capacitance Change (%)
Temperature Dependence of the Capacitance
Capacitance of an electrolytic capacitor depends upon
temperature: with decreasing temperature the viscosity
of the electrolyte increases, thereby reducing its
conductivity. Capacitance will decrease if temperature
decreases. Furthermore, temperature drifts cause
armature dilatation and, therefore, capacitance changes
(up to 20% depending on the series considered, from 0 to
80°C). This phenomenon is more evident for electrolytic
capacitors than for other types.
Temperature (°C)
C=
1
2π fZ
C = capacitance (F)
f = frequency (Hz)
Z = impedance (Ω)
Capacitance Change vs. Frequency
(typical value)
Capacitance Change (%)
Frequency Dependence of the Capacitance
Effective capacitance value is derived from the
impedance curve, as long as impedance is still in the
range where the capacitance component is dominant.
Frequency (kHz)
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A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
9
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Application & Operation Guidelines cont.
Dissipation Factor tan δ (DF)
Dissipation Factor tan δ is the ratio between the active and reactive power for a sinusoidal waveform voltage. It can be
thought of as a measurement of the gap between an actual and ideal capacitor.
reactive
ideal
δ
actual
active
Tan δ is measured with the same set-up used for the series capacitance ESC.
Tan δ = ω x ESC x ESR where:
ESC = Equivalent series capacitance
ESR = Equivalent series resistance
Dissipation Factor vs. Frequency
Dissipation Factor (%)
(typical value)
Frequency (kHz)
Dissipation Factor vs. Temperature
Dissipation Factor (%)
(typical value)
Temperature (°C)
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A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
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Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Application & Operation Guidelines cont.
Equivalent Series Inductance (ESL)
Equivalent series inductance or self inductance results from the terminal configuration and internal design of the capacitor.
Capacitor Equivalent Internal Circuit
Equivalent
Series
Capacitance
(ESC)
Equivalent
Series
Resistance
(ESR)
Equivalent
Series
Inductance
(ESL)
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)
Equivalent series resistance is the resistive component of the equivalent series circuit. ESR value depends on frequency and
temperature, and is related to the tan δ by the following equation:
ESR =
tan δ
2πf ESC
ESR = Equivalent series resistance (Ω)
tan δ = Dissipation factor
ESC = Equivalent series capacitance (F)
f = Frequency (Hz)
Tolerance limits of the rated capacitance must be taken into account when calculating this value.
ESR Change vs. Frequency
ESR (Ω)
(typical value)
Frequency (kHz)
ESR Change vs. Temperature
ESR (Ω)
(typical value)
Temperature (°C)
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A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
11
Ce
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Application & Operation Guidelines cont.
L
Re
Co
Impedance (Z)
Impedance of an electrolytic capacitor results from a circuit formed by the following individual equivalent series
components:
Co
Re
L
Ce
Ce
Co = Aluminum oxide capacitance (surface and thickness of the dielectric.)
Re = Resistance of electrolyte and paper mixture (other resistances not depending on the frequency are not considered: tabs,
plates, etc.)
Ce = Electrolyte soaked paper capacitance.
L = Inductive reactance of the capacitor winding and terminals.
Impedance of an electrolytic capacitor is not a constant quantity that retains its value under all conditions; it changes
depending on frequency and temperature.
Impedance as a function of frequency (sinusoidal waveform) for a certain temperature can be represented as follows:
Z [ohm ]
1,000
100
1/ω
ω Ce
10
B
Re
1
0.1
1/ω
ω Co
0.1
ωL
A
1
10
C
100
1,000
10,000
F [K Hz]
• Capacitive reactance predominates at low frequencies.
• With increasing frequency, capacitive reactance Xc = 1/ωCo decreases until it reaches the order of magnitude of
electrolyte resistance Re(A)
• At even higher frequencies, resistance of the electrolyte predominates: Z = Re (A - B)
• When the capacitor’s resonance frequency is reached (ω0), capacitive and inductive reactance mutually cancel each other
1/ωCe = ωL, ω0 = 1/SQR(LCe)
• Above this frequency, inductive reactance of the winding and its terminals (XL = Z = ωL) becomes effective and leads to
an increase in impedance
Generally speaking, it can be estimated that Ce ≈ 0.01 Co.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
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A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
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Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Application & Operation Guidelines cont.
Impedance (Z) cont.
Impedance as a function of frequency (sinusoidal waveform) for different temperature values can be represented as follows
(typical values):
Z (ohm)
10 µF
1,000
100
-40°C
10
20°C
85°C
1
0.1
0.1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
F (K H z)
Re is the most temperature-dependent component of an electrolytic capacitor equivalent circuit. Electrolyte resistivity will
decrease if temperature rises.
In order to obtain a low impedance value throughout the temperature range, Re must be as little as possible. However, Re
values that are too low indicate a very aggressive electrolyte, resulting in a shorter life of the electrolytic capacitor at high
temperatures. A compromise must be reached.
Leakage Current (LC)
Due to the aluminum oxide layer that serves as a dielectric, a small current will continue to flow even after a DC voltage has
been applied for long periods. This current is called leakage current.
A high leakage current flows after applying voltage to the capacitor then decreases in a few minutes, for example, after
prolonged storage without any applied voltage. In the course of continuous operation, the leakage current will decrease and
reach an almost constant value.
After a voltage-free storage the oxide layer may deteriorate, especially at a high temperature. Since there are no leakage
currents to transport oxygen ions to the anode, the oxide layer is not regenerated. The result is that a higher than normal
leakage current will flow when voltage is applied after prolonged storage.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
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Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Application & Operation Guidelines cont.
Leakage Current (LC) cont.
As the oxide layer is regenerated in use, the leakage current will
gradually decrease to its normal level.
The relationship between the leakage current and voltage applied
at constant temperature can be shown schematically as follows:
I
Where:
VF = Forming voltage
If this level is exceeded, a large quantity of heat and gas will be
generated and the capacitor could be damaged.
VR = Rated voltage
This level represents the top of the linear part of the curve.
VS = Surge voltage
This lies between VR and VF. The capacitor can be subjected to VS for short periods only.
VR
VS
VF
V
Electrolytic capacitors are subjected to a reforming process before acceptance testing. The purpose of this preconditioning
is to ensure that the same initial conditions are maintained when comparing different products.
Ripple Current (RC)
The maximum ripple current value depends on:
• Ambient temperature
• Surface area of the capacitor (heat dissipation area)
tan δ or ESR
• Frequency
The capacitor’s life depends on the thermal stress.
Frequency Dependence of the Ripple Current
ESR and, thus, the tan δ depend on the frequency of the applied voltage. This indicates that the allowed ripple current is also
a function of the frequency.
Temperature Dependence of the Ripple Current
The data sheet specifies maximum ripple current at the upper category temperature for each capacitor.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
Expected Life Calculation Chart
Actual Operating Temperature (C°)
Expected Life Calculation
Expected life depends on operating temperature according
to the following formula: L = Lo x 2(To-T)/10
Where:
L:
Expected life
Lo:
Load life at a maximum permissible operating
temperature
T:
Actual operating temperature
To:
Maximum permissible operating temperature
This formula is applicable between 40°C and To.
Expected life (h)
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
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Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Packaging Quantities
Size Code
H8
H4
H5
L3
L4
M5
M7
M1
M9
M2
M3
N4
N5
N1
N2
N3
Q3
Q4
Q5
Diameter
(mm)
Length
(mm)
10
10
10
13
13
16
16
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
18
22
22
22
Bulk
Auto-insertion
Standard
Leads
Cut Leads
Ammo
16
20
25
20
25
20
25
26
30
3,000
2,400
2,400
2,000
1,600
1,000
1,000
1,000
800
4,000
3,000
2,400
2,000
1,600
500
500
500
500
700
700
500
500
500
300
300
300
300
32
36
20
25
32
36
40
35
40
45
800
600
800
800
500
500
500
400
300
300
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
400
400
400
300
300
300
300
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
Tape &
Reel
1,200
1,200
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
15
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Marking
KEMET Logo
Polarity Stripe (−)
Rated Capacitance
Rated Voltage
(VDC)
Date Code
Series, Rated
Temperature
Month*/Year*
Manufacturing
Internal Codes
*Y = Year
Code
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
*M = Month
Code
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Construction
Insulating End Disc
Insulating Sleeve
Lead
Aluminum Can
with Safety Vent
Detailed Cross Section
Rubber Seal
Terminal Tab
Terminal Tabs
Margin
Aluminum Can
Insulating Sleeve
Polarity Stripe (−)
Paper Spacer Impregnated
with Electrolyte
(First Layer)
Paper Spacer Impregnated
with Electrolyte
Rubber Seal
(Third Layer)
Anode Aluminum Foil, Etched,
Covered with Aluminum Oxide
Cathode Aluminum Foil,
(Second Layer)
Etched (Fourth Layer)
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
Lead (+)
Lead (−)
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
16
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Taping for Automatic Insertion Machines
Formed to 5 mm
(Lead and packaging code JA and DA)
+1.0
-1.0
D
P2
D
L
0.2 Maximum
P0
Straight Leads (Diameter: 4 – 8 mm)
Lead and packaging code EA and KA
P2
P1
W0
W1
W0
W
W1
+0.5
Formed to
2.5 mm
4
5
4
5
Formed to
5 mm
6
8
4
5
Straight leads
6
8
10
S
d
+0.8/−0.2 ±0.05
5–7
≤7
>7
5–7
≤7
>7
≤7
>7
≤7
>7
5–7
≤7
>7
≤7
>7
≤7
>7
≤ 20
2.5
2.5
2.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
5.0
S
H
W2
S
W
Tolerance
L
L
L
I
D
P
D
P0
Dimensions
(mm)
D0
Mounting tape
Adhesive tape
d
P2
H
t
Straight Leads (Diameter > 8)
Lead and packaging code EA and KA
P
D
P1
H
W
D0
Mounting tape
Adhesive tape
d
1.0 Maximum
S
W0
t
W0
W
P0
P1
L
W1
H
W1
H0
S
W2
P1
+1.0
-1.0
P
W2
P
H0
P2
W2
Formed to 2.5 mm
(Lead and packaging code LA and FA)
0.45
0.45
0.50
0.45
0.45
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.45
0.45
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.60
P
d
P0
D0
Mounting tape
Adhesive tape
P0 P1 P2
W
W0
W1
d
±1.0
±0.3
±0.7
±1.3
+1/−0.5
±0.5
Maximum
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
5.1
5.1
5.1
3.85
3.85
3.85
3.85
3.85
3.85
3.85
5.6
5.35
5.35
5.1
5.1
4.6
4.6
3.85
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
6.35
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
D0
Mounting tape
Adhesive tape
W2
H0
Maximum ±0.75
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
H1
I
D0
t
±0.5
Maximum
±0.2
±0.2
1
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.0
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
18.5
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
17
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Lead Taping & Packaging
Ammo Box
Reel
D
H
T
Diameter
H
W
W
Length
H
Ammo
W
T
Maximum
Maximum
D
Reel
H
W
±2
±0.5
+1/−0.1
4
5
5
6.3
6.3
8
8
8
10
10
All
≤7
11
≤7
11
≤7
11
>11 ≤ 20
≤ 13
>13 ≤ 20
230
230
275
235
230
270
235
240
250
256
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
42
42
42
45
48
48
48
57
52
57
350
30
50
10
12
13
16
18
>20
All
All
All
All
250
270
285
265
288
340
340
340
340
340
60
57
62
62
65
NA
NA
NA
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
18
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
Construction Data
The manufacturing process begins with the anode foil being
electrochemically etched to increase the surface area and then
“formed” to produce the aluminum oxide layer. Both the anode and
cathode foils are then interleaved with absorbent paper and wound
into a cylinder. During the winding process, aluminum tabs are
attached to each foil to provide the electrical contact.
The deck, complete with terminals, is attached to the tabs and then
folded down to rest on top of the winding. The complete winding
is impregnated with electrolyte before being housed in a suitable
container, usually an aluminum can, and sealed. Throughout the
process, all materials inside the housing must be maintained at the
highest purity and be compatible with the electrolyte.
Each capacitor is aged and tested before being sleeved and packed.
The purpose of aging is to repair any damage in the oxide layer
and thus reduce the leakage current to a very low level. Aging is
normally carried out at the rated temperature of the capacitor and
is accomplished by applying voltage to the device while carefully
controlling the supply current. The process may take several hours to
complete.
Damage to the oxide layer can occur due to variety of reasons:
• Slitting of the anode foil after forming
• Attaching the tabs to the anode foil
• Minor mechanical damage caused during winding
A sample from each batch is taken by the quality department after
completion of the production process. This sample size is controlled
by the use of recognized sampling tables defined in BS 6001.
The following tests are applied and may be varied at the request
of the customer. In this case the batch, or special procedure, will
determine the course of action.
Electrical:
• Leakage current
• Capacitance
• ESR
• Impedance
• Tan Delta
Mechanical/Visual:
• Overall dimensions
• Torque test of mounting stud
• Print detail
• Box labels
• Packaging, including packed
quantity
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
Extended cathode
Anode foil
Foil tabs
Tissues
Cathode foil
Etching
Forming
Winding
Decking
Impregnation
Assembly
Aging
Testing
Sleeving
Packing
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
19
Radial Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors – ESG, +105°C
KEMET Electronics Corporation Sales Offices
For a complete list of our global sales offices, please visit www.kemet.com/sales.
Disclaimer
All product specifications, statements, information and data (collectively, the “Information”) in this datasheet are subject to change. The customer is responsible for
checking and verifying the extent to which the Information contained in this publication is applicable to an order at the time the order is placed. All Information given
herein is believed to be accurate and reliable, but it is presented without guarantee, warranty, or responsibility of any kind, expressed or implied.
Statements of suitability for certain applications are based on KEMET Electronics Corporation’s (“KEMET”) knowledge of typical operating conditions for such
applications, but are not intended to constitute – and KEMET specifically disclaims – any warranty concerning suitability for a specific customer application or use.
The Information is intended for use only by customers who have the requisite experience and capability to determine the correct products for their application. Any
technical advice inferred from this Information or otherwise provided by KEMET with reference to the use of KEMET’s products is given gratis, and KEMET assumes
no obligation or liability for the advice given or results obtained.
Although KEMET designs and manufactures its products to the most stringent quality and safety standards, given the current state of the art, isolated component
failures may still occur. Accordingly, customer applications which require a high degree of reliability or safety should employ suitable designs or other safeguards
(such as installation of protective circuitry or redundancies) in order to ensure that the failure of an electrical component does not result in a risk of personal injury
or property damage.
Although all product–related warnings, cautions and notes must be observed, the customer should not assume that all safety measures are indicted or that other
measures may not be required.
KEMET is a registered trademark of KEMET Electronics Corporation.
© KEMET Electronics Corporation • KEMET Tower • One East Broward Boulevard
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA • 954-766-2800 • www.kemet.com
A4008_ESG • 11/17/2020
20