T491D105K035AT

• Solid & Organic Tantalum • Multilayer Ceramic • Solid Aluminum www.kemet.com Surface Mount Capacitors F-3102M 03/07 INDEX PAGE GENERAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS..................................................................................................3-14 T491 SERIES — INDUSTRIAL GRADE .................................................................................................................15-19 T492 SERIES — CWR11 STYLE PER MIL-PRF-55365/8.....................................................................................20-21 T493 SERIES — MILITARY COTS ........................................................................................................................22-26 T494 SERIES — LOW ESR, INDUSTRIAL GRADE ...............................................................................................27-30 T495 SERIES — LOW ESR, SURGE ROBUST .....................................................................................................31-35 T496 SERIES — FAIL-SAFE WITH BUILT-IN FUSE .............................................................................................36-38 T498 SERIES — HIGH TEMPERATURE ...............................................................................................................39-40 T510 SERIES — HIGH CAPACITANCE-LOW ESR...............................................................................................41-42 SOLID TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS PAGE GENERAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS................................................................................................43-49 T520 SERIES — KO-CAP POLYMER ...................................................................................................................50-53 T525 SERIES — KO-CAP POLYMER - HIGH TEMPERATURE............................................................................54-55 T530 SERIES — KO-CAP POLYMER - HIGH CAPACITANCE/ULTRA LOW ESR...............................................56-57 PAGE GENERAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS................................................................................................58-63 A700 SERIES .........................................................................................................................................................64-66 CONDUCTIVE POLYMER CHIP CAPACITORS ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS PAGE GENERAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS................................................................................................67-71 CERAMIC CHIP-STANDARD ................................................................................................................................72-76 CERAMIC CHIP-TIN-LEAD L TERMINATION.............................................................................................................77 THICKNESS CODE REEL QUANTITY REFERENCE CHART.....................................................................................78 CERAMIC OPEN-MODE........................................................................................................................................79-80 CERAMIC HIGH VOLTAGE ...................................................................................................................................81-84 CERAMIC CAPACITOR ARRAY ............................................................................................................................85-86 MIL-PRF-55681 ESTABLISHED RELIABILITY ......................................................................................................87-91 MIL-PRF-55681 TAPE AND REEL QUANTITIES ........................................................................................................91 LAND DIMENSIONS ...................................................................................................................................................93 Mil-PRF-123 and GR900 high-reliability ceramic chips are also available. Refer to KEMET Catalog F-3054 for detailed information. CERAMIC CHIP CAPACITORS PAGE TANTALUM AND ALUMINUM CHIP PACKAGING INFORMATION ...............................................................92, 94-95 CERAMIC CHIP PACKAGING INFORMATION .....................................................................................................93-97 EMBOSSED CARRIER TAPE REELING INFORMATION............................................................................................95 PUNCHED CARRIER TAPE (PAPER TAPE) REELING INFORMATION .....................................................................96 BULK CASSETTE PACKAGING .................................................................................................................................97 CERAMIC CHIP MARKING.........................................................................................................................................97 TANTALUM & CERAMIC CHIP PACKAGING Notice Although the information in this catalog has been carefully checked for accuracy, and is believed to be correct and current, no warranty, either express or implied, is made as to either its applicability to, or its compatibility with, specific requirements; nor does KEMET Electronics Corporation assume any responsibility for correctness of this information, nor for damages consequent to its use. All design characteristics, specifications, tolerances, and the like are subject to change without notice. The KEMET website (www.kemet.com) should be consulted for the very latest information on design characteristics, specifications, applications, and newly-released products, since previously-issued printed information may not be current. Any capacitors misapplied may fail and thereby damage other circuit components. Please refer to application notes and recommendations in this catalog for a complete description of capacitor characteristics. ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 20° TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS PRODUCT DESCRIPTION KEMET’s family of solid tantalum chip capacitors is designed and manufactured with the demanding requirements of surface mount technology in mind. These devices extend the advantages of solid tantalum technology to today’s surface mount circuit applications. Complementing multilayer ceramic chip convenience with capacitance ratings through 1500 µF, tantalum chip capacitors permit circuit designers to take full advantage of the benefits of surface mount technology. T491 Series — Industrial The leading choice in today’s surface mount designs is the KEMET T491 Series. This product meets or exceeds the requirements of EIA standard 535BAAC. The physical outline and dimensions of this series conform to this global standard. Five low profile case sizes are available in the T491 family. The R/2012-12, S/3216-12 and T/3528-12 case sizes have a maximum height of 1.2 mm. The U/6032-15 size has a maximum height of 1.5 mm, and the V/7343-20 has a maximum height of 2.0 mm. This product was designed specifically for today’s highly automated surface mount processes and equipment. This series uses the same proven solid tantalum KEMET technology acclaimed and respected throughout the world. Added to this is the latest in materials, processes and automation which result in a component unsurpassed worldwide in total performance and value. The standard terminations are 100% matte tin and provide excellent wetting characteristics and compatibility with today’s surface mount solder systems. Tin-Lead (SnPb) terminations are available upon request for any part number. Gold-plated terminations are also available for use with conductive epoxy attachment processes. The symmetrical terminations offer total compliancy to provide the thermal and mechanical stress relief required in today’s technology. Lead frame attachments to the tantalum pellet are made via a microprocessorcontrolled welding operation, and a high temperature silver epoxy adhesive system. Standard packaging of these devices is tape and reel in accordance with EIA 481-1. This system provides perfect compatibility with all tape-fed placement units. T492 Series — Military KEMET is approved to MIL-PRF-55365/8 (CWR11), Weibull failure rate “B” level or 0.1% failures per 1,000 hours, “C” level or 0.01% failures per 1,000 hours, and “D” level or 0.001% failures per 1,000 hours. This CWR11 product — designated as KEMET’s T492 Series — is a precision-molded device, with compliant leadframe terminations and indelible laser marking. This is the military version of the global IEC/EIA standard represented by KEMET’s T491 Series. Tape and reeling per EIA 481-1 is standard. T493 Series — Military - COTS The T493 series is designed for the COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) requirements of military/aerospace applications. This series is a surface mount tantalum product offering various leadframe surface finishes, Weibull grading and surge current testing options. The full part number includes a code defining the terminations, the Weibull reliability, surge test conditions, and the ESR range. The possible terminations include gold plated, hot solder dipped, solder plated, and solder fused. Reliability grading of B level (0.1%/kHours) and C level (0.01%/kHours) are available. Surge current testing options include: 10 cycles at 25ºC, or 10-cycles at -55ºC and +85ºC. Both standard and low ESR options are available. All lots of this series are conditioned with MIL-PRF-55365 Group A testing. T494 Series — Low ESR, Industrial Grade The T494 is a low ESR series that is available in all the same case sizes and CV ratings as the popular T491 series. The T494 offers low ESR performance with the economy of an industrial grade device. This series is targeted for output filtering and other applications that may benefit from improved efficiency due to low ESR. T495 Series — Low ESR, Surge Robust The low ESR, surge robust T495 series is an important member of KEMET’s tantalum chip family. Designed primarily for output filtering in switch-mode power supplies and DC-to-DC converters, the standard CV T495 values are also an excellent choice for batteryto-ground input filter applications. This series builds upon proven technology used for industrial grade tantalum chip capacitors to offer several important advantages: very low ESR, high ripple current capability, excellent capacitance stability, plus improved ability to withstand high inrush currents. These benefits are achieved through a combination of proprietary design, material, and process parameters, as well as high-stress, low impedance electrical conditioning performed prior to screening. Capacitance values range from 4.7µF to 1000µF, in voltage ratings from 2.5 to 50 volts. T496 Series — Fused KEMET also offers a “fail-safe” fused solid tantalum chip capacitor. The built-in fuse element provides excellent protection from damaging short circuit conditions in applications where high fault currents exist. Protection from costly circuit damage due to reversed installation is offered with this device. Package sizes include the EIA standard 3528-12, 6032-15, 7343-31, and 7343-43 case size. Capacitance values range from 0.15 µF to 470.0 µF, in voltage ratings from 4 to 50. Standard capacitance tolerances include ±20% and ±10%. Tape and reeling per EIA 481-1 is standard. 3 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS PRODUCT DESCRIPTION T498 SERIES - High Temperature (150° C) The T498 Series is a high temperature version of KEMET's solid tantalum chip family that offers optimal performance in applications with operating temperatures of up to 150° C. Advancements in materials and testing have allowed for the introduction of this series which delivers a reliability level of 0.5% per 1000 hours at rated voltage at rated temperature. This series is available in five standard EIA case sizes with RoHSCompliant/100% matte tin finish lead terminations as standard. Other termination options include 90Sn/10Pb finishes and gold for conductive adhesive attachment processes. Capacitance values range from .47µF to 220µF, in voltage ratings from 4 to 50 volts. T510 Series — High Capacitance – Low ESR The ultra-low ESR T510 Series is a breakthrough in solid tantalum capacitor technology. KEMET’s T510 Series offers low ESR in the popular EIA 7343-43 and 7360-38 case sizes. The ultra-low ESR and high ripple current capability make the T510 an ideal choice for SMPS filtering and power decoupling of today’s high speed microprocessors. KEMET has developed an innovative construction platform that incorporates multiple capacitor elements, in parallel, inside a single package. This unique assembly, combined with KEMET’s superior processing technology, provides the best combination of high CV, low ESR, and small size in a user friendly, molded, surface mount package. T520 SERIES — Conductive Polymer The Kemet Organic Capacitor (KO-CAP) is a Tantalum capacitor, with a Ta anode and Ta 2O 5 dielectric. However, a conductive, organic, polymer replaces the MnO2 as the cathode plate of the capacitor. This results in very low ESR and improved cap retention at high frequency. The KO-CAP also exhibits a benign failure mode, which eliminates the ignition failures that can occur in standard MnO2 Tantalum types. Note also that KO-CAPs may be operated at voltages up to 90% of rated voltage for part types with rated voltage ≤ 10 volts and up to 80% of rated voltage for part types > 10 volts with equivalent or better reliability than standard tantalums operated at 50% of rated voltage. The T520 series captures the best features of multilayer ceramic caps (low ESR and high frequency cap retention), aluminum electrolytics (benign failure mode), and proven solid tantalum technology (volumetric efficiency, surface mount capability, and no wearout mechanism). The KO-CAP can reduce component counts, eliminate through-hole assembly by replacing cumbersome leaded aluminum capacitors, and offer a more cost effective solution to high-cost high-cap ceramic capacitors. These benefits allow the designer to save both board space and money. See pages 42-52 for complete details. T525 SERIES — High Temperature Conductive Polymer The T525 Series is a version of KEMET’s Tantalum Polymer Capacitor rated up to 125ºC. This part type was introduced as Lead (Pb) Free and offers the same advantages as the T520 KO-CAP. This includes low ESR, high frequency capacitance retention and benign failure mode. T530 SERIES — Conductive Polymer High Capacitance — Ultra Low ESR KEMET is offering a multiple anode tantalum chip capacitor with a polymer material replacing the MnO2 offering non-ignition, self-healing, 125 C performance capability with higher conductivity material that lowers the ESR. Packaged as multiple anodes to reduce the depth that the signal must penetrate, this parallel arrangement reduces the ESR further still to achieve the highest capacitance and lowest ESR of any other type of SMT capacitor with typical ESR values as low as 5 milliohms. With the reduced ESR, the enhanced capacitance retention in higher frequencies results in the lowest total capacitance solution and provides for the most economical solution in high power applications. 4 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 SOLID TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS TANTALUM MnO2 COMPONENT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Introduction KEMET solid tantalum capacitors are identified by the initial “T,” followed by a unique “Series” number; for example, T491, T492, etc. Each Series denotes a general physical form and type of encapsulation, as well as limits on dimensions and certain electrical characteristics under standard conditions of 25°C, 50% relative humidity, and one atmosphere pressure. Specific requirements are set forth in the respective Product Series in this catalog. All series are 100% screened for leakage, capacitance, dissipation factor, and ESR. All Series are inspected to electrical limits using a minimum .1% AQL sampling plan, according to the Military Standard MIL-STD-105, even after 100% testing. This sampling plan, to the best of KEMET Electronics’ knowledge, meets or exceeds the generally accepted industry standard for similar products. KEMET capacitors may also be supplied, with prior agreement, to meet specifications with requirements differing from those of KEMET catalogs. of equilibrium with the environment, is approximately -5% to +12% over the range from 25% to 95% RH, referred to the standard 50% RH. The amount of change is dependent upon size (capacitance and voltage rating, ie: CV product); small sizes might change no more than ±5%. Equilibrium at such extremes is seldom attained by plastic-cased capacitors, and the change in capacitance is consequently less. The rate of response to humidity changes increases with increasing temperature. Dissipation factor and ESR also increase with increasing RH. DC leakage current may rise upon exposure to a combination of high temperature and high humidity, but is normally restored by voltage conditioning under standard conditions. The increase will be greater than that experienced under temperature influence alone because of conduction through absorbed water. Tantalum chips may be affected by absorption of water on external insulating surfaces.The water film may also attract a layer of dust from the air, increasing the effect. The most sensitive parameter is leakage current. 4. Capacitance • 0.1 µF to 1000 µF Refer to part number tables for available capacitance ratings and tolerances by series. Capacitance is measured at 120 Hz, up to 1.0 volt rms maximum and up to 2.5 volts DC maximum, at +25°C.DC bias causes only a small reduction in capacitance, up to about 2% when full rated voltage is applied. DC bias is not commonly used at room temperature, but is more commonly used at elevated temperatures. Capacitance decreases with increasing frequency. Solid Tantalum Surface Mount ELECTRICAL 1. General Application Class Solid tantalum capacitors are usually applied in circuits where the AC component is small compared to the DC component. Typical uses known to KEMET Electronics include blocking, by-passing, decoupling, and filtering. They are also used in timing circuits. General purpose devices are recommended to have an external series resistance of 0.1Ω/volt to reduce the failure due to surge current. Newer devices designed for power applications (T495, T5XX), are built to eliminate this series resistance requirement. Because tantalum capacitors can experience scintillation (self-healing) in their life, the circuit impedence should not exceed 100KΩ or this will circumvent the scintillation and degrade leakage. 2. Operating Temperature Range • –55 °C to +125 °C Voltage derating is specified in Section 5. Performance characteristics over this temperature range are presented within the following sections. 3. Non-Operating Temperature Range • –55 °C to +125 °C Tantalum capacitors do not lose capacitance from the “de-forming” effect as do liquid-electrolytic capacitors. Storage at high temperature may cause a small, temporary increase in leakage current (measured under standard conditions), but the original value is usually restored within a few minutes after application of rated voltage. Tantalum chips are not hermetically sealed, therefore they do exhibit reversible changes in parameters with respect to relative humidity (RH). Capacitance increases with increasing humidity. The limiting change, reached upon establishment FIGURE 1 Typical Effect of Frequency upon Capacitance Capacitance increases with increasing temperature. Percent Change in +25 C Capacitance Value +20% +10% 0 -10% -20% -80 -60 -40 -20 0 +20 +40 +60 +80 +100 +120 Operating Temperature— C FIGURE 2 Typical Effect of Temperature upon Capacitance ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 5 SOLID TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS TANTALUM MnO2 COMPONENT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (con’t.) TABLE 1 Maximum Capacitance Change with Temperature (ref: 25°C) –55°C –10% Ambient Temperature +85°C +125°C +10% *+12% or +15%to20% S urge voltage tests are performed at +25°C, +85°C and +125°C with the applicable surge voltage. The surge voltage is applied for 1000 cycles of 30 seconds at voltage through a 33 ohm series resistor and 30 seconds off voltage with the capacitor discharged through a 33 ohm resistor. Upon completing the test, the capacitors are allowed to stabilize at room temperature. Capacitance, DCL and DF are then tested: a. Capacitance — within ± 5% of initial value b. DC Leakage — within initial limit c. Dissipation Factor — within initial limit d. ESR — within initial limit 7. Reverse Voltage and Polarity TABLE 3 Reverse Voltage Ratings Temperature +25°C +85°C +125°C Permissible Reverse Voltage 15% of Rated Voltage 5% of Rated Voltage 1% of Rated Voltage *+12% is standard. +15% and 20% apply to certain extended CV values as noted in part number tables. 5. Working DC Voltage (WVDC) • 3 to 50 volts Refer to part number tables for available voltage ratings by series. These voltages are the maximum recommended peak DC operating voltages from –55°C to +85°C for continuous duty. These voltages are derated linearly above +85°C to 2/3 rated voltage for operation at +125°C (See Figure 3). For added reliability it is recommended to operate at a 50% derating of the working voltage for tantalum capacitors with MnO2 as a cathode. See page 39 for working DC Voltage of high temperature T498 product. 100% Percent Change in Working DC Voltage 80% 60% 40% 20% Solid tantalum capacitors are polarized devices and may be permanently damaged or destroyed if connected with the wrong polarity. The positive terminal is identified on the capacitor body by a stripe and a beveled edge. A small degree of transient reverse voltage is permissible for short periods per Table 3. The capacitors should not be operated continuously in reverse mode, even within these limits. 8. DC Leakage Current (DCL) Refer to part number tables for maximum leakage current limits. DC leakage current is the current that, after a oneto five-minute charging period, flows through a capacitor when voltage is applied. Leakage is measured at +25°C with full rated DC voltage applied to the capacitor through a 1000 ohm resistor in series with the capacitor. DC leakage current increases with increasing temperature. TABLE 4 Leakage Limit Multipliers at Specified Temperatures (ref: 25°C limits) Ambient Temperature –55°C N/A +85°C 10X +125°C 12X -60 -40 -20 0 +20 +40 +60 +80 +100 +120 +140 Operating Temperature— C FIGURE 3 Working DC Voltage Change with Temperature 6. Surge Voltage TABLE 2 Surge Voltage Ratings at +25°C, +85°C & +125°C Rated Working Volts @ +25°C & +85°C 3 4 6 10 16 20 25 35 50 6 Surge Voltage @ +25°C & +85°C 4 5.2 8 13 20 26 33 46 65 Derated DC Volts @ +125°C 2 2.7 4 7 10 13 17 23 33 Surge Voltage @ +125°C 2.4 3.2 5 8 12 16 20 28 40 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 SOLID TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS TANTALUM MnO2 COMPONENT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (con’t.) 20.0 10.0 Multiplier of 120 Hz D.F. 10.0 Multiplier of DC Leakage Current 5.0 Reference 1.0 at + 25°C Reference 1.0 at 120 Hz 1.0 1.0 100 1k 10k Frequency — Hertz FIGURE 6 Typical Effect of Frequency upon Dissipation Factor 0.1 -60 -40 -20 0 +20 +40 +60 +80 +100 +125 Operating Temperature— C FIGURE 4 Typical Effect of Temperature upon DC Leakage Current DC leakage current decreases with decreasing applied voltage. 1.0 Multiplier of DC Leakage Current 0.1 Dissipation factor is a very useful low frequency (120 Hz) measurement of the resistive component of a capacitor. It is the ratio of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) to the capacitive reactance, (XC) and is usually expressed as a percentage. It is directly proportional to both capacitance and frequency. Dissipation factor loses its importance at higher frequencies, (above about 1 kHz), where impedance (Z) and equivalent series resistance (ESR) are the normal parameters of concern. DF = R = 2 fCR DF = Dissipation Factor XC R = Equivalent Series Resistance (Ohms) X C = Capacitive Reactance (Ohms) f = Frequency (Hertz) C = Series Capacitance (Farads) DF is also referred to as tan or “loss tangent.” The “Quality Factor,” “Q,” is the reciprocal of DF. DF decreases with temperature above +25°C and may also increase at lower temperatures. Unfortunately, one general limit for DF cannot be specified for all capacitance/voltage combinations, nor can response to temperature be simply stated. DC bias is not commonly used at room temperature, but is more commonly used at elevated temperatures. 10. Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and Impedance (Z) Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is the preferred high-frequency statement of the resistance unavoidably appearing in these capacitors. ESR is not a pure resistance, and it decreases with increasing frequency. Total impedance of the capacitor is the vector sum of capacitive reactance (XC) and ESR, below resonance; above resonance total impedance is the vector sum of inductive reactance (XL) and ESR. 7 0.01 0.001 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Percentage of Rated Voltage FIGURE 5 Typical Effect of Applied Voltage on DC Leakage Current. 9. Dissipation Factor (DF) Refer to part number tables for maximum DF limits. Dissipation factor is measured at 120 Hz, up to 1.0 volt rms maximum, and up to 2.0 volts DC maximum at +25°C. The application of DC bias causes a small reduction in DF, about 0.2% when full rated voltage is applied. DF increases with increasing frequency. ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 Solid Tantalum Surface Mount SOLID TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS TANTALUM MnO2 COMPONENT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (con’t.) ESR — Represents the actual ohmic series resistance in series with the capacitance. Lead wires and capacitor electrodes are contributing sources. RL — Capacitor Leakage Resistance. Typically it can reach 50,000 megohms in a tantalum capacitor. It can exceed 1012 ohms in monolithic ceramics and in film capacitors. Rd — The dielectric loss contributed by dielectric absorption and molecular polarization. It becomes very significant in high frequency measurements and applications. Its value varies with frequency. Cd — The inherent dielectric absorption of the solid tantalum capacitor which typically equates to 1-2% of the applied voltage. As frequency increases, XC continues to decrease according to its equation above. There is unavoidable inductance as well as resistance in all capacitors, and at some point in frequency, the reactance ceases to be capacitive and becomes inductive. This frequency is called the self-resonant point. In solid tantalum capacitors, the resonance is damped by the ESR, and a smooth, rather than abrupt, transition from capacitive to inductive reactance follows. Typical ESR/Z frequency response curves are shown in Figures 9a and 9b. These curves are for selected ratings and represent typical T491 Series performance. Maximum limits for 100 kHz ESR are listed in the part number tables for each series. Note that the T494 Series offers low ESR and the T495 Series is specially designed for very low ESR performance. Refer to page 31 for more information. See also KEMET’s T510 Series low ESR ratings on page 40. XC = 1 ohm 2 fC where: f = frequency, Hertz C = capacitance, Farad FIGURE 7a Total Impedance of the Capacitor Below Resonance XL = 2 fL where: f = frequency, Hertz L = inductance, Henries FIGURE 7b Total Impedance of the Capacitor Above Resonance To understand the many elements of a capacitor, see Figure 8. ESL ESR C RL Cd FIGURE 8 The Real Capacitor Rd 8 A capacitor is a complex impedance consisting of many series and parallel elements, each adding to the complexity of the measurement system. ESL — Represents lead wire and construction inductance. In most instances (especially in solid FIGURE 9a ESR & Impedance (Z) vs Frequency tantalum and monolithic ceramic capacitors) it is insignificant at the basic measurement frequencies of 120 and 1000 Hz. ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 SOLID TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS TANTALUM MnO2 COMPONENT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (con’t.) 12. AC Operation Permissible AC ripple voltage and current are related to equivalent series resistance (ESR) and power dissipation capability. Permissible AC ripple voltage which may be applied is limited by three criteria: a. The positive peak AC voltage plus the DC bias voltage, if any, must not exceed the DC voltage rating of the capacitor. b. The negative peak AC voltage, in combination with the bias voltage, if any, must not exceed the permissible reverse voltage ratings presented in Table 3. c. The power dissipated in the ESR of the capacitor must not exceed the appropriate value specified in Table 5. Actual power dissipated may be calculated from the following: P =l R Substituting I = E , P = E2R Z Z2 where: I = rms ripple current (amperes) E = rms ripple voltage (volts) P = power (watts) Z = impedance at specified frequency (ohms) R = equivalent series resistance at specified frequency (ohms) Using P max from Table 5, maximum allowable rms ripple current or voltage may be determined as follows: P max/ P max/ I (max) = R E (max) = Z R These values should be derated at elevated temperatures as follows: Temperature Derating Factor 85 C .9 125 C .4 2 FIGURE 9b ESR & Impedance (z) vs Frequency ESR and Z are also affected by temperature. At 100 kHz, ESR decreases with increasing temperature. The amount of change is influenced by the size of the capacitor and is generally more pronounced on smaller ratings. 10 Multiplier of 100KHz ESR 1 0.1 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature - Degrees Centigrade FIGURE 10 Typical Effect of Temperature on 100 kHz ESR 11. AC Power Dissipation Power dissipation is a function of capacitor size and materials. Maximum power ratings have been established for all case sizes to prevent overheating. In actual use, the capacitor’s ability to dissipate the heat generated at any given power level may be affected by a variety of circuit factors. These include board density, pad size, heat sinks and air circulation. TABLE 5 Tantalum Chip Power Dissipation Ratings Case Code KEMET EIA R 2012-12 S 3216-12 T 3528-12 U 6032-15 V 7343-20 A 3216-18 B 3528-21 C 3062-28 D 7343-31 X 7343-43 E 7260-38 T530D 7343-31 T510X, T530X 7343-43 T510E, T530E 7260-38 Maximum Power Dissipation mW @ +25°C w/+20°C Rise 25 60 70 90 125 75 85 110 150 165 200 255 270 285 ENVIRONMENTAL 13. Temperature Stability TABLE 6 Temperature Stability Limits Leakage Dissipation Temp. Capacitance Current Factor +25 C within specified within original within original tolerance limit limit 2 -55 C within ± 10% N/A within original of initial value limit** 3 +25 C within ± 5% within original within original of initial value limit limit** 4 + 85 C within ± 10% within 10X within original of initial value original limit limit*** 5 +125 C *within ± 12%or within 12X within original 20% of initial original limit limit*** value 6 +25 C within ± 5% within original within original of initial value limit limit *+12% is standard. +15% or +20% applies to certain CV values Contact KEMET representative for details. **within 1.5x initial limit for extended CV values. ***within 1.15x initial limit for extended CV values. Step No. 1 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 9 Solid Tantalum Surface Mount SOLID TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS TANTALUM MnO2 COMPONENT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (con’t.) Mounted capacitors withstand extreme temperature testing at a succession of continuous steps at +25°C, -55°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C, +25°C, in the order stated. Capacitors shall be brought to thermal stability at each test temperature. Capacitance, DF and DCL are measured at each test temperature except that DCL is not measured at -55°C. DC bias of 2.0± 0.5 is recommended for the capacitance and D F requirements. 14. Thermal Shock • Mil-Std-202, Method 107, Condition B Minimum temperature -55°C, mounted Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance — within ±5% of initial value b. DC Leakage — within initial limit c. Dissipation Factor — within initial limit d. ESR — within initial limit 15. Moisture Resistance • Mil-Std-202, Method 106 Steps 7a and 7b excluded, rated voltage, 42 cycles, mounted Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance — within ±10% of initial value b. DC Leakage — within initial limit c. Dissipation Factor — within initial limit d. ESR — within initial limit • JEDEC J-STD-20C — meets MSL1 for Pb-free assembly 16. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) • Human Body Model 2,000 ±50 volts, 1,500 ±5% ohms, 40 nanosecond pulse each polarity, 1 pulse each polarity, 5 seconds between pulses, +25 C. • Charged Device Model 200 ± 5 volts, 0 ohms, 40 nanosecond pulse, each polarity, 9 pulses each polarity, 5 seconds between pulses, +25 C. Product subjected to above test condition demonstrate n o sensitivity to electrostatic discharge. 17. Long Term Stability Within the general class of electrolytic capacitors, solid tantalum capacitors offer unusual stability of the three important parameters: capacitance, dissipation factor and leakage current. These solidstate devices are not subject to the effects of electrolysis, deforming or drying-out associated with liquid-electrolyte capacitors. When stabilized for measurement at standard conditions, capacitance will typically change less than ±3% during a 10,000 hour life test +85°C. 10 The same comparative change has been observed in shelf tests at +25°C extending for 50,000 hours. (Some of this change may stem from instrument or fixture error.) Dissipation factor exhibits no typical trend. Data from 10,000 hour life test at +85°C show that initial limits (at standard conditions) are not exceeded at the conclusion of these tests. Leakage current is more variable than capacitance or DF; in fact, leakage current typically exhibits a logarithmic dependence in several respects. Military Specifications permit leakage current (measured at standard conditions) to rise by a factor of four over 10,000 hour life tests. Typical behavior shows a lower rate of change, which may be negative or positive. Initial leakage currents are frequently so low (less than 0.1 nanoampere in the smallest CV capacitors) that changes of several orders of magnitude have no discernable effect on the usual circuit designs. 18. Failure Mode Capacitor failure may be induced by exceeding 50% of rated voltage of the capacitor with forward DC voltage, reverse DC voltage, power dissipation, or temperature. As with any practical device, these capacitors also possess an inherent, although low, failure rate when operated at less than 50% of the rated voltage of the capacitor. The dominant failure mode is by short-circuit. Minor parametric drifts are of no consequence in circuits suitable for solid tantalum capacitors. Catastrophic failure occurs as an avalanche in DC leakage current over a short (millisecond) time span. The failed capacitor, while called “short-circuited”, may exhibit a DC resistance of 10 to 104 ohm. If a failed capacitor is in an unprotected lowimpedance circuit, continued flow of current through the capacitor may obviously produce severe overheating. The over-heated capacitor may damage the circuit board or nearby components. Protection against such occurrence is obtained by current-limiting devices or fuses provided by the circuit design. KEMET’s T496 series offers a built-in fuse to convert the normal short circuit failure mode to an open circuit. Fortunately, the inherent failure rate of KEMET solid tantalum capacitors is low, and this failure rate may be further improved by circuit design. Statistical failure rates are provided for military capacitors. Relating circuit conditions to failure rate is aided by the guides in the section following. ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 SOLID TANTALUM CHIP CAPACITORS TANTALUM MnO2 COMPONENT PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (con’t.) RELIABILITY (1) λV = λbπTπCπVπSRπQπE x 1000 19. Reliability Prediction (2) λb = 0.00005CWR or 0.0004CSR Solid tantalum capacitors exhibit no degradation -0.15 1 1 (3) πT = exp failure mode during shelf storage and show a 8.617 • 10-5 TAmb 298 constantly decreasing failure rate (i.e., absence 17 Application-Voltage of any wear out mechanism) during life tests. (4) S= πV = S +1 Rated-Voltage 0.6 This failure rate is dependent upon three important application conditions; DC Voltage, ambient (5) πC = 1.0 • C.023 temperature, and circuit impedance. Additional effects are attributable to the capacitance of the (6) πSR = Lookup Table πE = Lookup Table device and atmospheric and mechanical expoPcs. Fail sure of the assembled circuit. The 1000 multiplier (7) πQ = Pcs. Tested x Hrs. Tested x 100,000 at the end converts the failure rate to parts-perbillion piece-hours. A prediction of the failure rate FIGURE 11a. MIL-HDBK-217F Notice 2 formulas. can be made using these application conditions and the formulas and tables listed in MIL-HDBK217F (Notice 2). Base Multiplier: The first multiplier is the base πSR CR (ΩV) 0.66 multiplier (2) established for the capacitor type. >0.8 1.0 0.6-0.8 For “CWR-Chips” or surface mount components 1.3 0.4-0.6 the base multiplier is 0.00005, and for “CSR2.0 0.2-0.4 Leaded” devices, the base multiplier is 0.00040. 2.7 0.1-0.2 Temperature: The temperature factor is given as 3.3 10 Volts • • • • • • • • Operating Temperature -55ºC to +125ºC 100% Accelerated Steady State Aging 100% Surge Current Testing Self-Healing Mechanism Volumetrically Efficient Extremely Stable ESR at 125ºC EIA Standard Case Size RoHS Compliant / Leadfree Termination (See www.kemet.com for lead transition) OUTLINE DRAWING CATHODE (-) END VIEW W SIDE VIEW ANODE (+) END VIEW BOTTOM VIEW H K X S T G S E A L F DIMENSIONS - MILLIMETERS Case Size KEMET T B D EIA 3528-12 3528-21 7343-31 L 3.5 ± 0.2 3.5 ± 0.2 7.3 ± 0.3 W 2.8 ± 0.2 2.8 ± 0.2 4.3 ± 0.3 H 1.2 max. 1.9 ± 0.1 2.8 ± 0.3 K ±0.20 0.3 0.9 1.5 F ±0.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 S ±0.3 0.8 0.8 1.3 X (Ref) 0.05 0.10 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.10 T (Ref) 0.13 0.13 0.13 A (Min) 2.1 2.1 3.8 G (Ref) E (Ref) 1.8 1.8 3.5 2.2 2.2 3.5 RECOMMENDED TEMPERATURE/VOLTAGE DERATING T525 Temperature/Application Recommended Voltage Derating 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% T525 Rated Voltage with temperature derating T525 Recommended Application Voltage with temperature derating (Vr10VDC) 90% % Rated Voltage 90% 90% 90% 90% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 70% 67% 60% 60% 53% 50% -55 25 85 Temperature (˚ C) 105 125 COMPONENT MARKING KEMET High Temperature Tantalum Polymer (KT) Rated Voltage KT 477 4K 504 504=4th week of 2005 Polarity Indicator (+) (Solid Stripe) Picofarad Code KEMET I.D. Symbol PWC 54 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 Conductive Polymer Surface Mount CONDUCTIVE POLYMER CHIP CAPACITORS T525 SERIES - High Temperature T525 RATINGS & PART NUMBER REFERENCE Capacitance μF Case Size KEMET Part Number DC Leakage μA @ 25°C Max DF% @ 25°C 120 Hz Max ESR m @ 25°C 100 kHz Max Ripple Current (Arms) 100 kHz Max w/ T= 20°C @ -55°C to 105°C w/ T= 2°C @ 125°C 100.0 150.0 330.0 470.0 680.0 68.0 68.0 100.0 220.0 330.0 470.0 470.0 33.0 47.0 47.0 68.0 150.0 220.0 330.0 330.0 33.0 22.0 33.0 33.0 100.0 100.0 150.0 150.0 220.0 47.0 47.0 B B D D D T B B D D D D B T B B D D D D T B T B D D D D D D D 80 80 25 25 25 80 80 80 25 25 25 40 80 80 80 80 25 25 25 40 80 80 80 80 25 55 25 55 25 35 65 1.0 1.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 2.4 1.7 2.4 1.7 2.4 2.1 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 (1) To complete KEMET Part Number, insert lead material designation for ordering information below. Higher voltage ratings and tighter tolerance product may be substituted within the same size at KEMET’S option. Voltage substitutions will be marked with the higher voltage rating. T525 ORDERING INFORMATION T 525 D 337 M 006 A T E040 Tantalum Series T525 - High Temperature Tantalum Polymer (KT) Expressed in milliohms T - 100% Tin H - Tin/Lead (SnPb 5% Pb minimum) ESR Lead Material Failure Rate Case Size B, D, T Capacitance Picofarad Code First two digits represent significant figures. Third digit specifies number of zeros to follow. A - Not Applicable Voltage Note: 006 - 6.3 Capacitance Tolerance M = ± 20% ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 55 Conductive Polymer Surface Mount 100.0 330.0 470.0 680.0 T D D D 2.5 Volt Rating at 105°C (1.7 Volt Rating at 125°C) T525T107M2R5A(1)E080 25 8.0 T525D337M2R5A(1)E025 83 10.0 T525D477M2R5A(1)E025 118 10.0 T525D687M2R5A(1)E025 170 10.0 3 Volt Rating at 105°C (2 Volt Rating at 125°C) T525B107M003A(1)E080 30 8.0 T525B157M003A(1)E080 45 8.0 T525D337M003A(1)E025 99 10.0 T525D477M003A(1)E025 141 10.0 T525D687M003A(1)E025 204 10.0 4 Volt Rating at 105°C (2.7 Volt Rating at 125°C) T525T686M004A(1)E080 27 8.0 T525B686M004A(1)E080 28 8.0 T525B107M004A(1)E080 40 8.0 T525D227M004A(1)E025 88 10.0 T525D337M004A(1)E025 132 10.0 T525D477M004A(1)E025 188 10.0 T525D477M004A(1)E040 188 10.0 6.3 Volt Rating at 105°C (4.2 Volt Rating at 125°C) T525B336M006A(1)E080 21 8.0 T525T476M006A(1)E080 30 8.0 T525B476M006A(1)E080 30 8.0 T525B686M006A(1)E080 43 8.0 T525D157M006A(1)E025 95 10.0 T525D227M006A(1)E025 139 10.0 T525D337M006A(1)E025 208 10.0 T525D337M006A(1)E040 208 10.0 8 Volt Rating at 105°C (5.3 Volt Rating at 125°C) T525T336M008A(1)E080 26 8.0 10 Volt Rating at 105°C (6.6 Volt Rating at 125°C) T525B226M010A(1)E080 8.0 22 T525T336M010A(1)E080 33 8.0 T525B336M010A(1)E080 33 8.0 T525D107M010A(1)E025 100 10.0 T525D107M010A(1)E055 100 10.0 T525D157M010A(1)E025 150 10.0 T525D157M010A(1)E055 150 10.0 T525D227M010A(1)E025 220 10.0 16 Volt Rating at 105°C (10.6 Volt Rating at 125°C) T525D476M016A(1)E035 76 10.0 T525D476M016A(1)E065 76 10.0 80 25 25 25 0.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 CONDUCTIVE POLYMER CHIP CAPACITORS T530 SERIES - High Capacitance/Ultra-Low ESR FEATURES • • • • • • • • • OUTLINE DRAWINGS CATHODE (-) END VIEW W SIDE VIEW B B H K X S T G S Termination Notch at KEMET’s Option, Either End ANODE (+) END VIEW BOTTOM VIEW E A L F DIMENSIONS - MILLIMETERS (INCHES) Case Size KEMET EIA D 7343-31 Y 7343-40 X 7343-43 L 7.3 ± 0.3 7.3 ± 0.3 7.3 ± 0.3 W 4.3 ± 0.3 4.3 ± 0.3 4.3 ± 0.3 H 2.8 ± 0.3 4.0 max 4.0 ± 0.3 K ±0.20 1.5 1.9 2.3 F ±0.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 S ±0.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 X(Ref) 0.10 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.10 T(Ref) 0.13 0.13 0.13 A(Min) 3.8 3.8 3.8 G(ref) 3.5 3.5 3.5 E(ref) 3.5 3.5 3.5 T530 RATINGS & PART NUMBER REFERENCE Capacitance µF Case Size KEMET Part Number DCL VR DF % 120Hz Ripple Current (Arms) ESR @ 100 kHz m @100 kHz 25°C w/ T= 20°C w/ T= 2°C @ -55°C to Max @ 125°C 105°C Capacitance µF Case Size KEMET Part Number DCL VR DF % 120Hz Ripple Current (Arms) ESR @ 100 kHz m @100 kHz 25°C w/ T= 20°C w/ T= 2°C @ -55°C to Max @ 125°C 105°C 470.0 470.0 470.0 560.0 680.0 680.0 680.0 680.0 680.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 1500.0 470.0 680.0 1000.0 1500.0 330.0 330.0 470.0 470.0 470.0 470.0 680.0 680.0 680.0 680.0 680.0 1000.0 D D D D Y Y D D X Y Y X X X X D D X X D D D D Y Y Y X X X X X 2.5 Volt Rating at 105°C (1.7 Volt Rating at 125°C) T530D477M2R5A(1)E005 118µA 8.0 5.0 T530D477M2R5A(1)E006 118µA 8.0 6.0 T530D477M2R5A(1)E010 118µA 10.0 10.0 T530D567M2R5A(1)E005 140µA 8.0 5.0 T530Y687M2R5A(1)E005 170µA 8.0 5.0 T530Y687M2R5A(1)E006 170µA 8.0 6.0 T530D687M2R5A(1)E006 170µA 8.0 6.0 T530D687M2R5A(1)E010 170µA 8.0 10.0 T530X687M2R5A(1)E006 170µA 8.0 6.0 T530Y108M2R5A(1)E005 250µA 8.0 5.0 T530Y108M2R5A(1)E006 250µA 8.0 6.0 T530X108M2R5A(1)E004 250µA 8.0 4.0 T530X108M2R5A(1)E005 250µA 8.0 5.0 T530X108M2R5A(1)E006 250µA 8.0 6.0 T530X158M2R5A(1)E005 375µA 8.0 5.0 3 Volt Rating at 105°C (2 Volt Rating at 125°C) T530D477M003A(1)E010 141µA 8.0 10.0 T530D687M003A(1)E010 204µA 8.0 10.0 T530X108M003A(1)E010 300µA 8.0 10.0 T530X158M003A(1)E008 450µA 8.0 8.0 4 Volt Rating at 105°C (2.7 Volt Rating at 125°C) T530D337M004A(1)E005 132µA 8.0 5.0 T530D337M004A(1)E006 132µA 8.0 6.0 T530D477M004A(1)E006 188µA 8.0 6.0 T530D477M004A(1)E010 188µA 8.0 10.0 T530Y477M004A(1)E005 188µA 8.0 5.0 T530Y477M004A(1)E006 188µA 8.0 6.0 T530Y687M004A(1)E005 272µA 8.0 5.0 T530X687M004A(1)E004 272µA 8.0 4.0 T530X687M004A(1)E005 272µA 8.0 5.0 T530X687M004A(1)E006 272µA 8.0 6.0 T530X687M004A(1)E010 272µA 8.0 10.0 T530X108M004A(1)E006 400µA 8.0 6.0 7.1 6.5 5.0 7.1 7.2 6.6 6.5 5.0 6.7 7.2 6.6 8.2 7.3 6.7 7.3 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.8 7.1 6.5 6.5 5.0 7.2 6.6 7.2 8.2 7.3 6.7 5.2 6.7 2.3 2.1 1.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.6 2.1 220.0 220.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 470.0 470.0 470.0 470.0 470.0 680.0 680.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 220.0 220.0 220.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 D D D D Y Y Y Y X X X X X X D D D D D Y X X X X X X X 6.3 Volt Rating at 105°C (4.2 Volt Rating at 125°C) T530D227M006A(1)E005 139µA 8.0 5.0 T530D227M006A(1)E006 139µA 8.0 6.0 T530D337M006A(1)E006 208µA 8.0 6.0 T530D337M006A(1)E010 208µA 8.0 10.0 T530Y337M006A(1)E005 208µA 8.0 5.0 T530Y337M006A(1)E006 208µA 8.0 6.0 T530Y337M006A(1)E010 208µA 8.0 10.0 T530Y477M006A(1)E005 296µA 8.0 5.0 T530X477M006A(1)E004 296µA 8.0 4.0 T530X477M006A(1)E005 296µA 8.0 5.0 T530X477M006A(1)E006 296µA 8.0 6.0 T530X477M006A(1)E010 296µA 8.0 10.0 T530X687M006A(1)E010 428µA 8.0 10.0 T530X687M006A(1)E018 428µA 8.0 18.0 10 Volt Rating at 105°C (6.6 Volt Rating at 125°C) T530D157M010A(1)E005 150µA 8.0 5.0 T530D157M010A(1)E006 150µA 8.0 6.0 T530D157M010A(1)E010 150µA 8.0 10.0 T530D227M010A(1)E006 220µA 8.0 6.0 T530D227M010A(1)E010 220µA 8.0 10.0 T530Y227M010A(1)E006 220µA 8.0 6.0 T530X337M010A(1)E004 330µA 8.0 4.0 T530X337M010A(1)E005 330µA 8.0 5.0 T530X337M010A(1)E006 330µA 8.0 6.0 T530X337M010A(1)E010 330µA 8.0 10.0 16 Volt Rating at 105°C (10.6 Volt Rating at 125°C) T530X157M016A(1)E015 240µA 8.0 15.0 T530X157M016A(1)E025 240µA 8.0 25.0 T530X157M016A(1)E040 240µA 8.0 40.0 7.1 6.5 6.5 5.0 7.2 6.6 5.1 7.2 8.2 7.3 6.7 5.2 5.2 3.8 7.1 6.5 5.0 6.5 5.0 6.6 8.2 7.3 6.7 5.2 4.2 3.3 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.3 2.1 1.6 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.6 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.8 (1) To complete KEMET Part Number, insert lead material designation from ordering information on page 57. Higher voltage ratings and tighter tolerance product may be substituted within the same size at KEMET's option. Voltage substitutions willl be marked with the higher voltage rating. (1) To complete KEMET Part Number, insert lead material designation from ordering information on page 56. Higher voltage ratings and tighter tolerance product may be substituted within the same size at KEMET’S option. Voltage substitutions will be marked with the higher voltage rating. 56 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 Conductive Polymer Surface Mount Highest CV in Standard EIA Size Extremely Low ESR Operating Temperature: -55˚C to 125˚C Polymer Cathode Technology High Frequency Capacitance Retention Non-Ignition Failure Mode Capacitance: 150 to 1500 F Voltage: 2.5V to 10V Molded Case (pick-and-place precision) • • • • • • • • 100% Accelerated Steady State Aging 100% Surge Current Testing Utilizes Multiple Tantalum Anode Technology Volumetric Efficiency Use Up to 90% of Rated Voltage (10% Derating) Self-Healing Mechanism True SMT Capability RoHS Compliant/Lead Free CONDUCTIVE POLYMER CHIP CAPACITORS T530 SERIES - High Capacitance/Ultra-Low ESR T530 ORDERING INFORMATION T 530 X 158 M 003 A S E008 Tantalum Series T530 - Multiple Anode Polymer ESR Expressed in Milliohms T - 100% Tin H - Tin/Lead (SnPb 5% Pb minimum) * S - Not recommended for new design * *Pb-free supply is not guaranteed with the ‘S’ termination code. This termination code not available effective 15 July 2007. G Lead Material Case Size D, X, Y Voltage *Refer to www.kemet.com for Pb Free transition information Note: 006 = 6.3 Capacitance Tolerance M - ± 20% COMPONENT MARKING (KM) KEMET High Capacitance/ Ultra-Low ESR Rated Voltage T530 SERIES CONSTRUCTION KM 158 3K 505 “505” = The 5th week of 2005. Polarity Indicator Picofarad Code KEMET ID PWC* T530X/T510E/T491E 1,000μF Capacitance vs. Frequency T530X/T510E/T491E 1,000μF Impedance & ESR vs. Frequency RECOMMENDED TEMPERATURE/VOLTAGE DERATING ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 57 Conductive Polymer Surface Mount Capacitance Picofarad Code Failure Rate A - Not Applicable ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS Performance Characteristics Introduction KEMET entered the world of aluminum capacitors with the introduction of the AO-CAP, designated the A700 Series, which has been targeted for power management applications. The structure of the AO-CAP uses aluminum as the anode material, aluminum oxide as the dielectric, and a conductive organic polymer for its counter-electrode material. The A700 series is 100% screened for all electrical parameters: Capacitance @ 120Hz, Dissipation Factor (DF) @ 120 Hz, ESR @ 100 kHz, and DC Leakage. The AO-CAP offers many advantages including extremely low ESR, high capacitance retention at high operating frequencies, no dry-out related failure mechanism and no voltage de-rating up to125°C. 4. Voltage Ratings • 2 - 10 VDC Rated Voltage This is the maximum peak DC operating voltage from -55°C to +125°C for continuous duty. Surge Voltage Ratings Surge voltage capability is demonstrated by application of 1000 cycles of the relevant voltage at 25°C, 85°C, or 125 °C. The parts are charged through a 33 ohm resistor for 30 seconds and then discharged through a 33 ohm resistor for 30 seconds for each cycle. Voltage Ratings • Table 1 Rated Surge Voltage Voltage -55°C to 125 °C 2V 2.6V 2.5V 3.2V 4V 5.2V 6.3V 8V 8V 10.4V 10V 13V 5. Reverse Voltage Rating & Polarity Aluminum polymer capacitors are polar devices and may be permanently damaged or destroyed if connected in the wrong polarity. The positive terminal is identified by a laser-marked stripe. These capacitors will withstand a certain degree of transient voltage reversal for short periods as shown in the following table. Please note that these parts may not be operated continuously in reverse, even within these limits. Table 2 Temperature 25°C 55°C 85°C 125°C Permissible Transient Reverse Voltage 60% of Rated Voltage 50% of Rated Voltage 40% of Rated Voltage 30% of Rated Voltage ELECTRICAL 1. Operating Temperature Range • -55°C to +125°C No derating with temperature is required. 2. Non-Operating Temperature Range • -55°C to 125°C 3. Capacitance and Tolerance • 22µF to 470µF • ±20% Tolerance Capacitance is measured at 120 Hz, up to 1.0 volt rms maximum and up to 2.5V DC maximum. DC bias causes only a small reduction in capacitance, up to about 2% when full rated voltage is applied. DC bias is not commonly used for room temperature measurements but is more commonly used when measuring at temperature extremes. Capacitance does decrease with increasing frequency, but not nearly as much or as quickly as standard tantalums. Figure 1 compares the frequency induced cap roll-off between the AO-CAP and traditional MnO2 types. Capacitance also increases with increasing temperature. See Section 12 for temperature coefficients. 6. DC Leakage Current Because of the high conductivity of the polymer, the AO-CAP family has higher leakage currents than traditional MnO2 type Tantalum caps. The DC Leakage limits at 25°C are calculated as 0.06 x C x V, (where C is cap in µF and V is rated voltage in Volts) for part types with rated voltage ≤ 4V, and equals 0.04 x C x V, for voltages > 4V. Limits for all part numbers are listed in the ratings tables. Figure 1. 58 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 Aluminum Organic Capacitors ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS Performance Characteristics DC Leakage Current is the current that flows through the capacitor dielectric after a five minute charging period at rated voltage. Leakage is measured at 25°C with full rated voltage applied to the capacitor through a 1000 ohm resistor in series with the capacitor. DC Leakage Current does increase with temperature. The limits for 85°C @ Rated Voltage and 125°C are both 2 times the 25°C limit. 7. Dissipation Factor (DF) Refer to part number tables for maximum DF limits. Dissipation factor is measured at 120 Hz, up to 1.0 volt rms maximum. Dissipation factor is the ratio of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) to the capacitive reactance, (Xc) and is usually expressed as a percentage. It is directly proportional to both capacitance and frequency. Dissipation factor loses its importance at higher frequencies, (above about 1 kHz), where impedance (Z) and equivalent series resistance (ESR) are the normal parameters of concern. R DF = X = 2πfCR c Where: DF = Dissipation Factor R = Equivalent Series Resistance (Ohms) Xc = Capacitive Reactance(Ohms) f = Frequency (Hertz) C = Capacitance (Farads) DF is also referred to as tan δ or "loss tangent." The "Quality Factor," "Q", is the reciprocal of DF. 8. Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and Impedance (Z) The Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of the AOCAP is much lower than standard Tantalum caps because the polymer cathode has much higher conductivity. ESR is not a pure resistance, and it decreases with increasing frequency. Total impedance of the capacitor is the vector sum of capacitive reactance (Xc) and ESR below reso nance; above resonance total impedance is the vector sum of inductive reactance (XL) and ESR. ESR Xc = 1 2πfC (Ohms) θ δ Where: f = frequency (Hertz) C = capacitance (Farad) Xc Figure 2a Total Impedance of the Capacitor Below Resonance XL = 2πfL (Ohms) Z XL δ θ ESR Figure 2b Total Impedance of the Capacitor Above Resonance To understand the many elements of a capacitor, see Figure 3. C ESL ESR RL Cd Rd Figure 3 The Real Capacitor A capacitor has a complex impedance consisting of many series and parallel elements, each adding to the complexity of the measurement system. ESL - Represents inductance. In most instances it is significant at the basic measurement frequencies of 120 and 1000 Hz. ESR - Represents the ohmic resistance in series with the capacitance. Lead attachment and capacitor electrodes are contributing sources. ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 59 Aluminum Organic Capacitors Where: f = frequency (Hertz) L = inductance (Henries) ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS Performance Characteristics RL - Capacitor Leakage Resistance. Typically it can be 35 K to 2.5 MOhms depending on voltage capacitance. It can exceed 1012 ohms in monolithic ceramics and in film capacitors. Rd - The dielectric loss contributed by dielectric absorption and molecular polarization. It becomes very significant in high frequency measurements and applications. Its value varies with frequency. Cd - The inherent dielectric absorption of the solid aluminum capacitor. As frequency increases, Xc continues to decrease according to its equation. There is unavoidable inductance as well as resistance in all capacitors, and at some point in frequency, the reactance ceases to be capacitive and becomes inductive. This frequency is call the self-resonant point. Figure 4 compares the frequency response of an AO-CAP to a Tantalum chip. Maximum limits for 100 kHz ESR are listed in the part number tables for each series. 10. Ripple Current/Voltage Permissible AC ripple voltage and current are related to equivalent series resistance (ESR) and power dissipation capability. Permissible ripple current which may be applied is limited by two criteria: a. The resulting voltage across the capacitor with the summation of DC bias and peak voltage of the AC portion must not exceed the rated voltage of the capacitor. b. The negative peak AC voltage, in combination with bias voltage, if any, must not exceed the permissible reverse voltage ratings presented in Section 5. Actual power dissipated may be calculated from the following: P = I 2R Substituting I = E ; P = E2R Z Z2 Using P max from Table 3, maximum allowable rms ripple current or voltage may be determined as follows: Figure 4. 9. AC Power Dissipation Power dissipation is a function of capacitor size and materials. Maximum power ratings have been established for all case sizes to prevent overheating. In actual use, the capacitor's ability to dissipate the heat generated at any given power level may be affected by a variety of circuit factors. These include board density, pad size, heat sinks and air circulation. Power capability is determined based on a 20°C temperature rise. A higher temperature rise and therefore higher power capability is allowable as long as the ambient temperature plus temperature rise due to ripple current does not exceed the rated temperature of the part. Case Code KEMET V D X EIA 7343-20 7343-31 7343-43 Maximum Power Dissipation mWatts @ +25°C with 20° Temperature Rise 270 250 225 Imax = Pmax ESR Emax = Z Pmax R Where: Imax = Maximum rupple current (ARMS) Pmax = Maximum Power @ allowable ∆T normally +20°C Emax = Maximum ripple voltage (VRMS) Refer to part number listings for permittable Arms limits. Table 3 - AO Capacitor Power Dissipation Ratings 60 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 Aluminum Organic Capacitors Where: I = rms ripple current (Amperes) E = rms ripple voltage (Volts) P = power (Watts) Z = impedance at specified frequency (ohms) R = ESR(Ohms) ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS Performance Characteristics ENVIRONMENTAL 11. Temperature Stability Mounted capacitors withstand extreme temperature testing at a succession or continuous steps at +25°C, -55°C, +25°C, +85°C, +125°C, +25°C in that order. Capacitors are allowed to stabilize at each temperature before measurement. Cap, DF, and DCL are measured at each temperature; except DC Leakage is not measured at -55°C. Step 1 2 3 4 5 6 16. Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) • J-Std-020 a. Capacitance: within ±30% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within initial limit d. ESR: within 2 x initial limit Meets MSL 3 requirements for SnPb assembly. 17. Load Humidity • 85°C, 85% RH, Rated Voltage, 500 Hours a. Capacitance: within +30/-5% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within 5 x initial limit d. ESR: within 2 x initial limit 18. ESD • Polymer Aluminum capacitors are not sensitive to Electro-Static Discharge (ESD). 19. Failure Mechanism and Reliability The normal failure mechanism is dielectric break down. Dielectric failure can result in high DC Leakage current and may proceed to the level of a short circuit. With sufficient time to charge, healing may occur by one of two potential mechanisms. The polymer adjacent to the dielectric fault site may overheat and vaporize, disconnecting the fault site from the circuit. The polymer may also oxidize into a more resistive material that caps the defect site in the dielectric and reduces the flow of current. Capacitor failure may be induced by exceeding the rated conditions of forward DC voltage, reverse DC voltage, surge current, power dissipation or temperature. Excessive environmental stress, such as prolonged or high temperature reflow processes may also trigger dielectric failure. 20. Resistance to Solvents • Mil-Std 202, Method 215 Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±10% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within initial limit d. ESR: within initial limit e. Physical: no degradation of case, terminals or marking 21. Fungus • Mil-Std-810, Method 508 22. Flammability • UL94 VO Classification Temp 25°C -55°C +25°C +85°C +125°C +25°C ∆Cap Specified Tolerance 15% of initial value 5% of initial value 15% of initial value 20% of initial value 5% of initial value DCL Catalog Limit N/A Catalog Limit 2X Catalog Limit 2X Catalog Limit Catalog Limit DF Catalog Limit Catalog Limit Catalog Limit Catalog Limit Catalog Limit Catalog Limit Table 4 - Acceptable limits are as follows: 12. Standard Life Test • 85°C, Rated Voltage, 2000 Hours Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±10% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within initial limit d. ESR: within initial limit 13. High Temperature Life Test • 125°C, Rated Voltage, 2000 Hours Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±10% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within 1.25 x initial limit d. ESR: within 2 x initial limit 14. Storage Life Test • 125°C, O VDC, 2000 Hours Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±10% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within 1.25 x initial limit d. ESR: within 2 x initial limit 15. Thermal Shock • Mil-Std-202, Method 107, Condition B Minimum temperature is -55°C Maximum temperature is +125°C Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±10% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within initial limit d. ESR: within 2 x initial limit ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 61 Aluminum Organic Capacitors ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS Performance Characteristics 23. Resistance to Soldering Heat • Maximum Reflow +245 ±5°C, 10 seconds • Typical Reflow +230 ±5°C, 30 seconds Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±10% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within initial limit d. ESR: within initial limit 24. Solderability • Mil-Std-202, Method 208 • ANSI/J-Std-002, Test B 25. Vibration • Mil-Std-202, Method 204, Condition D, 10 Hz to 2,000 Hz, 20G Peak Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±10% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within initial limit d. ESR: within initial limit 26. Shock • Mil-Std-202, Method 213, Condition I, 100 G Peak Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±10% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within initial limit d. ESR: within initial limit 27. Terminal Strength • Pull Force • One Pound (454 grams), 30 Seconds Post Test Performance: a. Capacitance: within ±5% of initial value b. DF: within initial limit c. DC Leakage: within initial limit d. ESR within initial limit 28. Handling Automatic handling of encapsulated components is enhanced by the molded case which provides compatibility with all types of high speed pick and place equipment. Manual handling of these devices presents no unique problems. Care should be taken with your fingers, however, to avoid touching the soldercoated terminations as body oils, acids and salts will degrade the solderability of these terminations. Finger cots should be used whenever manually handling all solderable surfaces. 29. Termination Coating The standard finish coating is 100% Sn solder (Tin-solder coated) with nickel (Ni) underplating. 30. Recommended Mounting Pad Geometries Proper mounting pad geometries are essential for successful solder connections. These dimensions are highly process sensitive and should be designed to maximize the integrity of the solder joint, and to minimize component rework due to unacceptable solder joints. Figure 5 illustrates pad geometry. The table provides recommended pad dimensions for reflow soldering techniques. These dimensions are intended to be a starting point for circuit board designers, to be fine tuned, if necessary, based upon the peculiarities of the soldering process and/or circuit board design. Contact KEMET for Engineering Bulletin Number F-2100 entitled "Surface Mount Mounting Pad Dimensions and Considerations" for further details on this subject or visit our website at www.kemet.com. • Tensile Force • Four Pounds (1.8 kilograms), 60 Seconds • Shear Force Table 5 Maximum Shear Loads Case Code KEMET EIA V 7343-20 D 7343-31 X 7343-43 Maximum Shear Loads Kilograms Pounds 5.0 11.0 5.0 11.0 5.0 11.0 Figure 5 X C Grid Placement Courtyard G Z Y 62 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 Aluminum Organic Capacitors ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS Performance Characteristics KEMET/EIA Size Code D/7343-31, V/7343-20 X/7343-43 Pad Dimensions Z 8.90 G 3.80 X 2.70 Y (Ref) 2.55 C (Ref) 6.35 Table 6 - Land Pattern Dimensions for Reflow Solder 31. Soldering The A700 - AO-CAP family has been designed for reflow solder processes, or for wave soldering. The solder-coated terminations have excellent wetting characteristics for high integrity solder fillets. Preheating of these components is recommended to avoid extreme thermal stress. Figure 6 represents the recommended maximum solder temperature/ time combinations for these devices. Hand-soldering should be avoided. However, if necessary it should be performed with care due to the difficulty in process control. Care should be taken to avoid contact of the soldering iron to the molded case. The iron should be used to heat the solder pad, applying solder between the pad and the termination, until reflow occurs. The iron should be removed. "Wiping" the edges of a chip and heating the top surface is not recommended. 300 Temperature (°C) 34. Storage Environment AO capacitors are shipped in moisture barrier bags with a desiccant and mositure indicator card. This series is classified as MSL3 (Moisture Sensitivity Level 3). Upon opening the moisture barrier bag, parts should be mounted within 7 days to prevent mositure absorption and outgassing. If the 7 day window is exceeded, the parts can be dryed per the instructions on the bag (168 hours at 40 ± 5°C). AO capacitors should be stored in normal working environments. While the chips themselves are quite robust in other environments, solderability will be degraded by exposure to high temperatures, high humidity, corrosive atmospheres, and long term storage. In addition, packaging materials will be degraded by high temperature (reels may soften or warp, and tape peel force may increase). KEMET recommends that maximum storage temperature not exceed 40 degrees C, and the maximum storage humidity not to exceed 60% relative humidity. In addition, temperature fluctuations should be minimized to avoid condensation on the parts, and atmospheres should be free of chlorine and sulfur bearing compounds. For optimized solderability, chip stock should be used promptly, preferably within 1.5 years of receipt. Sn-Pb Profile Sn-Pb 5 Sec. Tape & Reel Packaging Case Codes Tape & Reel Dimensions Tape Width mm Pitch mm ± 0.1 Part 8 8 8 Reel Quantity 250 200 150 45 Sec. 100 45 Sec. 90 Sec. 50 0 0 50 100 150 Time (Seconds) KEMET 95 Sec. 200 250 300 EIA Spro- 180mm 330mm cket (7” dia.) (13” dia.) 4 4 4 1000 500 500 3000 2500 2000 V D X 7343-20 12 ± 0.3 7343-31 12 ± 0.3 7343-43 12 ± 0.3 60 Sec. Figure 6 Sn-Pb Profile measured on the surface of the component * Contact KEMET for the latest A700 Pb-free soldering recommendations. 32. Washing Standard washing techniques and solvents are compatible with all KEMET surface mount aluminum capacitors. Solvents such as Freon TMC and TMS, Trichlorethane, methylene chloride, prelate, and isopropyl alcohol are not harmful to these components. Please note that we are not endorsing the use of banned or restricted solvents. We are simply stating that they would not be harmful to the components. If ultrasonic agitation is utilized in the cleaning process, care should be taken to minimize energy levels and exposure times to avoid damage to the terminations. KEMET AO-CAPS are also compatible with newer aqueous and semi-aqueous processes. 33. Encapsulations Under normal circumstances, potting or encapsulation of KEMET aluminum chips is not required. Component Marking Polarity (+) Indicator Picofarad Code KEMET ID 1st Digit = year 2nd & 3rd digits = Week Rated Voltage 476 6K 424 Aluminum Component Weights Series A700 A700 A700 Case Size V/7343-20 D/7343-31 X/7343-43 Typical Weight (mg) 120 190 260 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 63 Aluminum Organic Capacitors ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS A700 Series APPLICATIONS • Input/Output Filters for voltage regulators, converters, and SMPS • Battery Decoupling (portable, handheld electronics) • Power Decoupling (Procesor, Transmitter circuits) • Bulk Capacitor Requirements FEATURES • • • • • • • • • Polymer Cathode Technology Extremely Low ESR High Frequency Capacitance Retention Non-ignition Failure Mode Capacitance: 22 to 470 µF Self-healing Mechanism -55° to +125°C Capability No temperature voltage Derating Up To 125°C Robust to Surface Mount Process • • • • • • • • 100% Accelerated Steady State Aging Pb Free and RoHS Compliant Solid-state Technology Molded Case with Wraparound Termination Voltage: 2 to 10V No Reformation Required EIA Standard Case Size No Dry-out Related Failure Mechanism OUTLINE DRAWING End View W H K S S L F Side View Bottom View DIMENSIONS - MILLIMETERS Case KEMET V D X Size EIA 7343-20 7343-31 7343-43 L 7.3 ± 0.3 7.3 ± 0.3 7.3 ± 0.3 W 4.3 ± 0.3 4.3 ± 0.3 4.3 ± 0.3 H 1.9 ± 0.1 2.8 ± 0.3 4.0 ± 0.3 K Min. 0.9 1.3 2.1 F ±0.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 S ±0.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 Note that glue pad shape may differ at KEMET’s discretion. A700 ORDERING INFORMATION A Aluminum Series 700 Chip Case Size V,D,X 700 V 476 M 006 A T E018 ESR Lead Material T = 100% Tin (Sn) Plated Failure Rate Level A = Not Applicable Voltage As Shown Capacitance Tolerance M = ±20% Capacitance Picofarad Code First two digits represent significant figures. Third digit specifies number of zeros. 64 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 Aluminum Organic Capacitors ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS A700 Series A700 RATINGS & PART NUMBER REFERENCE KEMET Part Number Case Size Cap µF DCL @VR DF @ 120 Hz ESR 100 kHz (mΩ) Ripple Current (Arms) @ 100kHz w/ΔT=+20°C @ -55°C to 125°C 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.1 5.4 3.9 3.3 3.1 4.1 3.7 5.5 4.1 3.7 4.7 4.3 3.9 6.0 4.7 3.9 4.7 3.9 4.7 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.1 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.7 3.9 4.7 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.1 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.7 3.9 5.3 5.3 4.7 3.9 4.7 3.9 4.7 3.9 2 Volt Rating @ 125°C A700V107M002ATE018 A700V107M002ATE025 A700V107M002ATE028 A700V127M002ATE018 A700V127M002ATE025 A700V127M002ATE028 A700V157M002ATE009 A700V157M002ATE018 A700V157M002ATE025 A700V157M002ATE028 A700D187M002ATE015 A700D187M002ATE018 A700V227M002ATE009 A700D227M002ATE015 A700D227M002ATE018 A700X277M002ATE010 A700X277M002ATE012 A700X277M002ATE015 A700D337M002ATE007 A700X337M002ATE010 A700X337M002ATE015 A700X397M002ATE010 A700X397M002ATE015 A700X477M002ATE010 A700X477M002ATE015 A700V826M2R5ATE018 A700V826M2R5ATE025 A700V826M2R5ATE028 A700D157M2R5ATE015 A700D157M2R5ATE018 A700D187M2R5ATE015 A700D187M2R5ATE018 A700X227M2R5ATE010 A700X227M2R5ATE015 A700X337M2R5ATE010 A700X337M2R5ATE015 A700V826M004ATE018 A700V826M004ATE025 A700V826M004ATE028 A700D127M004ATE015 A700D127M004ATE018 A700D157M004ATE015 A700D157M004ATE018 A700D187M004ATE015 A700D187M004ATE018 A700X187M004ATE010 A700X187M004ATE015 A700D227M004ATE009 A700X227M004ATE009 A700X227M004ATE010 A700X227M004ATE015 A700X277M004ATE010 A700X277M004ATE015 A700X337M004ATE010 A700X337M004ATE015 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 V/7343-20 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 D/7343-31 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 100.0 12.0 µA 100.0 12.0 µA 100.0 12.0 µA 120.0 14.4 µA 120.0 14.4 µA 120.0 14.4 µA 150.0 18.0 µA 150.0 18.0 µA 150.0 18.0 µA 150.0 18.0 µA 180.0 21.6 µA 180.0 21.6 µA 220.0 26.4µA 220.0 26.4 µA 220.0 26.4 µA 270.0 32.4 µA 270.0 32.4µA 270.0 32.4 µA 330.0 39.6µA 330.0 39.6 µA 330.0 39.6 µA 390.0 46.8 µA 390.0 46.8 µA 470.0 56.4 µA 470.0 56.4 µA 2.5 Volt Rating @ 125°C 82.0 12.3 µA 82.0 12.3 µA 82.0 12.3 µA 150.0 22.5 µA 150.0 22.5 µA 180.0 27.0 µA 180.0 27.0 µA 220.0 33.0 µA 220.0 33.0 µA 330.0 49.5 µA 330.0 49.5 µA 4 Volt Rating @ 125°C 82.0 82.0 82.0 120.0 120.0 150.0 150.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 220.0 220.0 220.0 220.0 270.0 270.0 330.0 330.0 19.7 µA 19.7 µA 19.7 µA 28.8 µA 28.8 µA 36.0 µA 36.0 µA 43.2 µA 43.2 µA 43.2 µA 43.2µA 52.8 µA 52.8 µA 52.8 µA 52.8 µA 64.8 µA 64.8 µA 79.2 µA 79.2 µA 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 18 25 28 18 25 28 9 18 25 28 15 18 9 15 18 10 12 15 7 10 15 10 15 10 15 18 25 28 15 18 15 18 10 15 10 15 18 25 28 15 18 15 18 15 18 10 15 9 9 10 15 10 15 10 15 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 65 Aluminum Organic Capacitors ALUMINUM ORGANIC CAPACITORS A700 Series A700 RATINGS & PART NUMBER REFERENCE KEMET Part Number Case Size Cap µF DCL @VR DF @ 120 Hz ESR 100 kHz (m ) Ripple Current (Arms) @ 100kHz w/ T=+20°C @ -55°C to 125°C 6.3 Volt Rating @ 125°C A700V226M006ATE028 A700V226M006ATE045 A700V336M006ATE018 A700V336M006ATE025 A700V336M006ATE028 A700V476M006ATE018 A700V476M006ATE025 A700V476M006ATE028 A700V566M006ATE018 A700V566M006ATE025 A700V566M006ATE028 A700V686M006ATE018 A700V686M006ATE025 A700V686M006ATE028 A700V826M006ATE018 A700V826M006ATE025 A700V826M006ATE028 A700D107M006ATE015 A700D107M006ATE018 A700D127M006ATE012 A700D127M006ATE015 A700D127M006ATE018 A700X157M006ATE010 A700X157M006ATE012 A700X157M006ATE015 A700X187M006ATE010 A700X187M006ATE015 A700X227M006ATE015 A700V226M008ATE028 A700V226M008ATE045 A700V336M008ATE018 A700V336M008ATE025 A700V336M008ATE028 A700D566M008ATE015 A700D566M008ATE018 A700D686M008ATE015 A700D686M008ATE018 A700X107M008ATE010 A700X107M008ATE012 A700X107M008ATE015 A700V226M010ATE028 A700V336M010ATE018 A700V336M010ATE025 A700V336M010ATE028 A700D566M010ATE015 A700D566M010ATE018 A700D686M010ATE015 A700D686M010ATE018 A700X107M010ATE010 A700X107M010ATE015 A700X127M010ATE010 A700X127M010ATE015 A700X157M010ATE010 A700X157M010ATE015 A700V106M12RATE060 A700V156M12RATE040 A700V226M12RATE030 A700V685M016ATE070 A700V825M016ATE070 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 D/7343-31 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 X/7343-43 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 V/7343-20 22.0 5.5 µA 22.0 5.5 µA 33.0 8.3 µA 33.0 8.3 µA 33.0 8.3 µA 47.0 11.8 µA 47.0 11.8 µA 47.0 11.8 µA 56.0 14.1 µA 56.0 14.1 µA 56.0 14.1 µA 68.0 17.1 µA 68.0 17.1 µA 68.0 17.1 µA 82.0 20.7 µA 82.0 20.7 µA 82.0 20.7 µA 100.0 25.2 µA 100.0 25.2 µA 120.0 30.2 µA 120.0 30.2 µA 120.0 30.2 µA 150.0 37.8 µA 150.0 37.8µA 150.0 37.8 µA 180.0 45.4 µA 180.0 45.4 µA 220.0 55.4 µA 8 Volt Rating @ 125°C 22.0 7.0 µA 22.0 7.0 µA 33.0 10.6 µA 33.0 10.6 µA 33.0 10.6 µA 56.0 17.9 µA 56.0 17.9 µA 68.0 21.8 µA 68.0 21.8 µA 100.0 32.0 µA 100.0 32.0 µA 100.0 32.0 µA 10 Volt Rating @ 125°C 22.0 8.8 µA 33.0 13.2 µA 33.0 13.2 µA 33.0 13.2µA 56.0 22.4 µA 56.0 22.4 µA 68.0 27.2 µA 68.0 27.2 µA 100.0 40.0 µA 100.0 40.0 µA 120.0 48.0 µA 120.0 48.0 µA 150.0 60.0 µA 150.0 60.0 µA 12.5 Volt Rating @ 125°C 10.0 5.0 µA 15.0 7.5 µA 22.0 11.0 µA 16 Volt Rating @ 125°C 6.8 8.2 4.3 µA 5.2 µA 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 28 45 18 25 28 18 25 28 18 25 28 18 25 28 18 25 28 15 18 12 15 18 10 12 15 10 15 15 28 45 18 25 28 15 18 15 18 10 12 15 28 18 25 28 15 18 15 18 10 15 10 15 10 15 60 40 30 70 70 3.1 2.4 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.1 4.1 3.7 4.6 4.1 3.7 4.7 4.3 3.9 4.7 3.9 3.9 3.1 2.4 3.9 3.3 3.1 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.1 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.7 3.9 4.7 3.9 4.7 3.9 2.1 2.6 3.0 1.9 2.4 66 ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 Aluminum Organic Capacitors CERAMIC CHIP CAPACITORS INTRODUCTION Ceramic chips consist of formulated ceramic dielectric materials which have been fabricated into thin layers, interspersed with metal electrodes alternately exposed on opposite edges of the laminated structure. The entire structure is then fired at high temperature to produce a monolithic block which provides high capacitance values in a small physical volume. After firing, conductive terminations are applied to opposite ends of the chip to make contact with the exposed electrodes. Standard end terminations use a nickel barrier layer and a tin overplate to provide excellent solderability for the customer. KEMET multilayer ceramic chip capacitors are produced in plants designed specifically for chip capacitor manufacture. The process features a high degree of mechanization as well as precise controls over raw materials and process conditions. Manufacturing is supplemented by extensive Technology, Engineering and Quality Assurance programs. KEMET ceramic chip capacitors are offered in the five most popular temperature characteristics. These are designated by the Electronics Industies Association (EIA) as the ultra-stable C0G (also known as NP0, military version BP), the stable X7R (military BX or BR), the stable X5R, and the general purpose Z5U and Y5V. A wide range of sizes are available. KEMET multilayer ceramic chip capacitors are available in KEMET's tape and reel packaging, compatible with automatic placement equipment. Bulk cassette packaging is also available (0805,0603 and 0402 only) for those pick and place machines requiring its use. Table 1 – EIA Temperature Characteristic Codes for Class I Dielectrics Significant Figure of Temperature Coefficient PPM per Degree C 0.0 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.5 Letter Symbol C B A M P Multiplier Applied to Temperature Coefficient Multiplier -1 -10 -100 -1000 -10000 Number Symbol 0 1 2 3 4 Tolerance of Temperature Coefficient PPM per Degree C ± 30 ± 60 ± 120 ± 250 ± 500 Letter Symbol G H J K L KEMET supplies the C0G characteristic. For Class II and III dielectrics (including X7R, X5R, Z5U & Y5V), the first symbol indicates the lower limit of the operating temperature range, the second indicates the upper limit of the operating temperature range, and the third indicates the maximum capacitance change allowed over the operating temperature range. EIA type designation codes for Class II and III dielectrics are shown in Table 2. Table 2 – EIA Temperature Characteristic Codes for Class II & III Dielectrics Low Temperature Rating Degree Celsius +10C -30C -55C Letter Symbol Z Y X High Temperature Rating Degree Celsius +45C +65C +85C +105C +125C +150C +200C Number Symbol 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 Maximum Capacitance Shift Percent ± 1.0% ± 1.5% ± 2.2% ± 3.3% ± 4.7% ± 7.5% ± 10.0% ± 15.0% ± 22.0% + 22/-33% +22/-56% +22/-82% Letter Symbol A B C D E F P R S T U V EIA Class II II II II II II II II III III III III KEMET supplies the X7R, X5R, Z5U and Y5V characteristics. 3. 4. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1. Working Voltage: Refers to the maximum continuous DC working voltage permissible across the entire operating temperature range. The reliability of multilayer ceramic capacitors is not extremely sensitive to voltage, and brief applications of voltage above rated will not result in immediate failure. However, reliability will be degraded by sustained exposure to voltages above rated. Temperature Characteristics: Within the EIA classifications, various temperature characteristics are identified by a three-symbol code; for example: C0G, X7R, X5R, Z5U and Y5V. For Class I temperature compensating dielectrics (includes C0G), the first symbol designates the significant figures of the temperature coefficient in PPM per degree Celsius, the second designates the multiplier to be applied, and the third designates the tolerance in PPM per degrees Celsius. EIA temperature characteristic codes for Class I dielectrics are shown in Table 1. Capacitance Tolerance: See tables on pages 73-76. Capacitance: Within specified tolerance when measured per Table 3. The standard unit of capacitance is the farad. For practical capacitors, capacitance is usually expressed in microfarads (10 -6 farad), nanofarads (10 -9 farad), or picofarads (10 -12 farad). Standard measurement conditions are listed in Table 3 Specified Electrical Limits. Like all other practical capacitors, multilayer ceramic capacitors also have resistance and inductance. A simplified schematic for the single frequency equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 1. At high frequency more complex models apply see KEMET SPICE models at www.kemet.com for details. 2. ©KEMET Electronics Corporation, P.O. Box 5928, Greenville, S.C. 29606, (864) 963-6300 67 Ceramic Surface Mount CERAMIC CHIP CAPACITORS Figure 1 IR 6. Impedance: Since the parallel resistance (IR) is normally very high, the total impedance of the capacitor can be approximated by: Figure 3 ESL ESR C C = Capacitance ESL = Equivalent Series Inductance ESR = Equivalent Series Resistance IR = Insulation Resistance 2 2 Z= ESR + (X - X ) LC Where : Z = Total Impedance 5. Dissipation Factor: Measured under same conditions as capacitance. (See Table 3) Dissipation factor (DF) is a measure of the losses in a capacitor under AC application. It is the ratio of the equivalent series resistance to the capacitive reactance, and is usually expressed in percent. It is normally measured simultaneously with capacitance, and under the same conditions. The vector diagram below illustrates the relationship between DF, ESR and impedance. The reciprocal of the dissipation factor is called the “Q” or quality factor. For convenience, the “Q” factor is often used for very low values of dissipation factor especially when measured at high frequencies. DF is sometimes called the “loss tangent” or “tangent ”, as shown in Figure 2. ESR = Equivalent Series Resistance X = Capacitive Reactance = 1/(2 πfC) C X = Inductive Reactance = (2 πf) (ESL) L The variation of a capacitor's impedance with frequency determines its effectiveness in many applications. At high frequency more detailed models apply see KEMET SPICE models for such instances. 7. Figure 2 ESR DF(%) = ESR x 100 Xc X c O δ Ζ 1 Xc = 2 π fC Insulation Resistance: Measured after 2 minutes electrification at 25°C and rated voltage: Limits per Table 3. Insulation Resistance is the measure of a capacitor to resist the flow of DC leakage current. It is sometimes referred to as “leakage resistance”. Insulation resistance (IR) is the DC resistance measured across the terminals of a capacitor, represented by the parallel resistance (IR) shown in Figure 1. For a given dielectric type, electrode area increases with capacitance, resulting in a decrease in the insulation resistance. Consequently, insulation resistance limits are usually specified as the “RC” (IR x C) product, in terms of ohmfarads or megohm-micro-farads. The insulation resistance for a specific capacitance value is determined by dividing this product by the capacitance. However, as the nominal capacitance values become small, the insulation resistance calculated from the RC product reaches values which are impractical. Consequently, IR specifications usually include both a minimum RC product and a maximum limit based on the IR calculated Table 3 – Specified Electrical Limits Parameter Capacitance & Dissipation Factor: Measured at following conditions: C0G – 1kHz and 1 vrms if capacitance >1000 pF 1MHz and 1 vrms if capacitance ≤1000 pF X7R/X5R/Y5V – 1kHz and 1 vrms* if capacitance ≤ 10 µF X7R/X5R/Y5V – 120Hz and 0.5 vrms if capacitance > 10 µF Z5U – 1kHz and 0.5 vrms C0G Temperature Characteristics Z5U X7R/X5R Y5V DF Limits: **X5R