LTC3350
High Current Supercapacitor
Backup Controller and
System Monitor
Description
Features
High Efficiency Synchronous Step-Down CC/CV
Charging of One to Four Series Supercapacitors
n Step-Up Mode in Backup Provides Greater
Utilization of Stored Energy in Supercapacitors
n 14-Bit ADC for Monitoring System Voltages/Currents,
Capacitance and ESR
n Active Overvoltage Protection Shunts
n Internal Active Balancers—No Balance Resistors
n V : 4.5V to 35V, V
IN
CAP(n): Up to 5V per Capacitor,
Charge/Backup Current: 10+A
n Programmable Input Current Limit Prioritizes System
Load Over Capacitor Charge Current
n Dual Ideal Diode PowerPath™ Controller
n All N-FET Charger Controller and PowerPath Controller
n Compact 38-Lead 5mm × 7mm QFN Package
n
Applications
High Current 12V Ride-Through UPS
Servers/Mass Storage/High Availability Systems
The LTC®3350 is a backup power controller that can charge
and monitor a series stack of one to four supercapacitors.
The LTC3350’s synchronous step-down controller drives
N‑channel MOSFETs for constant current/constant voltage
charging with programmable input current limit. In addition,
the step-down converter can run in reverse as a step-up
converter to deliver power from the supercapacitor stack
to the backup supply rail. Internal balancers eliminate the
need for external balance resistors and each capacitor has
a shunt regulator for overvoltage protection.
The LTC3350 monitors system voltages, currents, stack
capacitance and stack ESR which can all be read over
the I2C/SMBus. The dual ideal diode controller uses
N-channel MOSFETs for low loss power paths from the
input and supercapacitors to the backup system supply.
The LTC3350 is available in a low profile 38-lead 5mm ×
7mm × 0.75mm QFN surface mount package.
n
L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and
PowerPath are trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the
property of their respective owners. Patents pending.
n
Typical Application
High Current Supercapacitor Charger and Backup Supply
ICHG (STEP-DOWN)
IBACKUP
VOUT
VIN
Backup Operation
INFET VOUTSP VOUTSN
PFI
OUTFB
OUTFET
TGATE
PBACKUP = 25W
VCAP < VOUT
(STEP-UP)
VCAP > VOUT
(DIRECT
CONNECT)
SW
BGATE
VOUT
2V/DIV
VCAP
2V/DIV
VOUT
VIN
2V/DIV
VCAP
LTC3350
I2C
ICAP
VCAP
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
CAPRTN
CAPFB
0V
10F
VCAP
10F
VIN
400ms/DIV
BACK PAGE APPLICATION CIRCUIT
3350 TA01a
10F
10F
3350 TA01a
3350fc
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1
LTC3350
Table of Contents
Features...................................................... 1
Applications................................................. 1
Typical Application ......................................... 1
Description.................................................. 1
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................... 3
Order Information........................................... 3
Pin Configuration........................................... 3
Electrical Characteristics.................................. 4
Typical Performance Characteristics.................... 7
Pin Functions............................................... 10
Block Diagram.............................................. 13
Timing Diagram............................................ 14
Operation................................................... 14
Introduction............................................................. 14
Bidirectional Switching Controller—Step-Down
Mode....................................................................... 14
Bidirectional Switching Controller—Step-Up Mode.15
Ideal Diodes............................................................. 16
Gate Drive Supply (DRVCC) ..................................... 17
Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) ................................ 17
RT Oscillator and Switching Frequency................... 17
Input Overvoltage Protection .................................. 17
VCAP DAC ................................................................ 17
Power-Fail (PF) Comparator.................................... 17
Charge Status Indication......................................... 17
Capacitor Voltage Balancer ..................................... 17
Capacitor Shunt Regulators..................................... 18
I2C/SMBus and SMBALERT..................................... 18
Analog-to-Digital Converter..................................... 18
Capacitance and ESR Measurement ....................... 18
Monitor Status Register........................................... 19
Charge Status Register............................................20
Limit Checking and Alarms......................................20
Die Temperature Sensor..........................................20
General Purpose Input.............................................20
2
Applications Information................................. 21
Digital Configuration................................................ 21
Capacitor Configuration........................................... 21
Capacitor Shunt Regulator Programming................ 21
Setting Input and Charge Currents.......................... 21
Low Current Charging and High Current Backup.....22
Setting VCAP Voltage................................................22
Power-Fail Comparator Input Voltage Threshold ....22
Setting VOUT Voltage in Backup Mode.....................23
Compensation.......................................................... 24
Minimum VCAP Voltage in Backup Mode.................. 24
Optimizing Supercapacitor Energy Storage Capacity...
25
Capacitor Selection Procedure ................................26
Inductor Selection...................................................26
COUT and CCAP Capacitance..................................... 27
Power MOSFET Selection........................................ 28
Schottky Diode Selection......................................... 28
Top MOSFET Driver Supply (CB, DB)........................29
INTVCC/DRVCC and IC Power Dissipation................29
Minimum On-Time Considerations..........................30
Ideal Diode MOSFET Selection................................30
PCB Layout Considerations.....................................30
Register Map............................................... 32
Register Descriptions..................................... 33
Typical Applications....................................... 39
Package Description...................................... 44
Revision History........................................... 45
Typical Application........................................ 46
Related Parts............................................... 46
3350fc
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LTC3350
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Pin Configuration
VOUTM5
INFET
VIN
CAP_SLCT0
CAP_SLCT1
PFI
PFO
TOP VIEW
38 37 36 35 34 33 32
SCL 1
31 VOUTSP
SDA 2
30 VOUTSN
SMBALERT 3
29 INTVCC
CAPGD 4
28 DRVCC
27 BGATE
VC 5
CAPFB 6
26 BST
39
PGND
OUTFB 7
25 TGATE
24 SW
SGND 8
23 VCC2P5
RT 9
GPI 10
22 ICAP
ITST 11
21 VCAP
20 OUTFET
CAPRTN 12
CFN
VCAPP5
CFP
CAP4
CAP3
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
CAP1
VIN, VOUTSP, VOUTSN................................ –0.3V to 40V
VCAP........................................................... –0.3V to 22V
CAP4-CAP3, CAP3-CAP2, CAP2-CAP1,
CAP1-CAPRTN........................................... –0.3V to 5.5V
DRVCC, OUTFB, CAPFB, SMBALERT, CAPGD,
PFO, GPI, SDA, SCL................................... –0.3V to 5.5V
BST.......................................................... –0.3V to 45.5V
PFI.............................................................. –0.3V to 20V
CAP_SLCT0, CAP_SLCT1.................................–0.3 to 3V
BST to SW................................................. –0.3V to 5.5V
VOUTSP to VOUTSN, ICAP to VCAP.......... –0.3V to 0.3V
IINTVCC..................................................................100mA
ICAP(1,2,3,4), ICAPRTN............................................. 600mA
ICAPGD, IPFO , ISMBALERT..........................................10mA
Operating Junction Temperature Range
(Notes 2, 3)............................................... –40°C to 125°C
Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C
CAP2
(Note 1)
UHF PACKAGE
38-LEAD (5mm × 7mm) PLASTIC QFN
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 34°C/W
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 39) IS PGND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
Order Information
LEAD FREE FINISH
TAPE AND REEL
PART MARKING*
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
TEMPERATURE RANGE
LTC3350EUHF#PBF
LTC3350EUHF#TRPBF
3350
38-Lead (5mm × 7mm) Plastic QFN
–40°C to 125°C
LTC3350IUHF#PBF
LTC3350IUHF#TRPBF
3350
38-Lead (5mm × 7mm) Plastic QFN
–40°C to 125°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.
Consult LTC Marketing for information on nonstandard lead based finish parts.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
3350fc
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3
LTC3350
Electrical Characteristics
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating
junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C (Note 2). VIN = VOUT = 12V, VDRVCC = VINTVCC unless otherwise
noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Switching Regulator
VIN
Input Supply Voltage
IQ
Input Quiescent Current (Note 4)
VCAPFBHI
Maximum Regulated VCAP Feedback Voltage
l
4.5
35
l
1.188
1.176
1.200
1.200
1.212
1.224
V
V
0.628
0.638
0.647
V
4
VCAPDAC Full Scale (1111b)
VCAPFBLO
Minimum Regulated VCAP Feedback Voltage
VCAPDAC Zero Scale (0000b)
ICAPFB
CAPFB Input Leakage Current
VCAPFB = 1.2V
VOUTFB
Regulated VOUT Feedback Voltage
V
mA
l
–50
50
nA
l
1.188
1.176
1.200
1.200
1.212
1.224
V
V
1.27
1.3
1.33
V
50
nA
VOUTFB(TH)
OUTFET Turn-Off Threshold
Falling Threshold
IOUTFB
OUTFB Input Leakage Current
VOUTFB = 1.2V
l
–50
4.5
VOUTBST
VOUT Voltage in Step-Up Mode
VIN = 0V
l
VUVLO
INTVCC Undervoltage Lockout
Rising Threshold
Falling Threshold
l
l
35
V
3.85
4.3
4
4.45
V
V
VDRVUVLO
DRVCC Undervoltage Lockout
Rising Threshold
Falling Threshold
l
l
3.75
4.2
3.9
4.35
V
V
VDUVLO
VIN – VCAP Differential Undervoltage Lockout
Rising Threshold
Falling Threshold
l
l
145
55
185
90
225
125
mV
mV
VOVLO
VIN Overvoltage Lockout
Rising Threshold
Falling Threshold
l
l
37.7
36.3
38.6
37.2
39.5
38.1
V
V
VVCAPP5
Charge Pump Output Voltage
Relative to VCAP, 0V ≤ VCAP ≤ 20V
5
V
Input Current Sense Amplifier
VSNSI
Regulated Input Current Sense Voltage
(VOUTSP – VOUTSN)
l
31.36
31.04
32.00
32.00
32.64
32.96
mV
mV
l
31.36
31.04
32.00
32.00
32.64
32.96
mV
mV
Charge Current Sense Amplifier
VSNSC
Regulated Charge Current Sense Voltage
(ICAP – VCAP)
VCMC
Common Mode Range (ICAP, VCAP)
VCAP = 10V
0
VPEAK
Peak Inductor Current Sense Voltage
VREV
Reverse Inductor Current Sense Voltage
Step-Down Mode
IICAP
ICAP Pin Current
Step-Down Mode, VSNSC = 32mV
Step-Up Mode, VSNSC = 32mV
l
51
l
3.867
20
V
58
65
mV
7
10
mV
30
135
µA
µA
Error Amplifier
gMV
VCAP Voltage Loop Transconductance
1
mmho
gMC
Charge Current Loop Transconductance
64
μmho
gMI
Input Current Loop Transconductance
64
μmho
gMO
VOUT Voltage Loop Transconductance
400
μmho
Oscillator
fSW
Switching Frequency
RT = 107k
l
4
495
490
500
500
505
510
kHz
kHz
Maximum Programmable Frequency
RT = 53.6k
1
MHz
Minimum Programmable Frequency
RT = 267k
200
kHz
3350fc
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LTC3350
Electrical Characteristics
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating
junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C (Note 2). VIN = VOUT = 12V, VDRVCC = VINTVCC unless otherwise
noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
DCMAX
Maximum Duty Cycle
Step-Down Mode
Step-Up Mode
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
97
87
98
93
99.5
%
%
Gate Drivers
RUP-TG
TGATE Pull-Up On-Resistance
RDOWN-TG
TGATE Pull-Down On-Resistance
RUP-BG
BGATE Pull-Up On-Resistance
RDOWN-BG
BGATE Pull-Down On-Resistance
2
Ω
0.6
Ω
2
Ω
0.6
Ω
tr-TG
TGATE 10% to 90% Rise Time
CLOAD = 3.3nF
18
25
ns
tf-TG
TGATE 10% to 90% Fall Time
CLOAD = 3.3nF
8
15
ns
tr-BG
BGATE 10% to 90% Rise Time
CLOAD = 3.3nF
18
25
ns
tf-BG
BGATE 10% to 90% Fall Time
CLOAD = 3.3nF
8
15
ns
tNO
Non-Overlap Time
tON(MIN)
50
ns
85
ns
5
V
INTVCC Linear Regulator
VINTVCC
Internal VCC Voltage
5.2V ≤ VIN ≤ 35V
∆VINTVCC
Load Regulation
IINTVCC = 50mA
–1.5
–2.5
%
PowerPath/Ideal Diodes
VFTO
Forward Turn-On Voltage
65
mV
VFR
Forward Regulation
30
mV
VRTO
Reverse Turn Off
–30
mV
tIF(ON)
INFET Rise Time
INFET – VIN > 3V, CINFET = 3.3nF
560
µs
tIF(OFF)
INFET Fall Time
INFET – VIN < 1V, CINFET = 3.3nF
1.5
µs
tOF(ON)
OUTFET Rise Time
OUTFET – VCAP > 3V, COUTFET = 3.3nF
0.13
µs
tOF(OFF)
OUTFET Fall Time
OUTFET – VCAP < 1V, COUTFET = 3.3nF
0.26
µs
Power-Fail Comparator
VPFI(TH)
PFI Input Threshold (Falling Edge)
VPFI(HYS)
PFI Hysteresis
IPFI
PFI Input Leakage Current
VPFI = 0.5V
VPFO
PFO Output Low Voltage
ISINK = 5mA
IPFO
PFO High-Z Leakage Current
VPFO = 5V
l
1.147
1.17
1.193
30
l
–50
50
200
nA
mV
1
l
V
mV
μA
PFI Falling to PFO Low Delay
85
ns
PFI Rising to PFO High Delay
0.4
μs
CAPGD
VCAPFB(TH)
CAPGD Rising Threshold as % of Regulated VCAP
Feedback Voltage
Vcapfb_dac = Full Scale (1111b)
VCAPFB(HYS)
CAPGD Hysteresis at CAPFB as a % of Regulated
VCAP Feedback Voltage
Vcapfb_dac = Full Scale (1111b)
VCAPGD
CAPGD Output Low Voltage
ISINK = 5mA
ICAPGD
CAPGD High-Z Leakage Current
VCAPGD = 5V
l
l
90
92
94
%
1.25
%
200
mV
1
μA
3350fc
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5
LTC3350
Electrical Characteristics
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating
junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C (Note 2). VIN = VOUT = 12V, VDRVCC = VINTVCC unless otherwise
noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Analog-to-Digital Converter
VRES
Measurement Resolution
VGPI
General Purpose Input Voltage Range
Unbuffered
Buffered
16
IGPI
General Purpose Input Pin Leakage Current
Buffered Input
RGPI
GPI Pin Resistance
Buffer Disabled
0
0
Bits
5
3.5
V
V
1
μA
2.5
MΩ
Measurement System Error
VERR
Measurement Error (Note 5)
VIN = 0V
VIN = 30V
100
1.5
mV
%
VOUTSP = 5V
VOUTSP = 30V
100
1.5
mV
%
VCAP = 0V
VCAP = 10V
100
1.5
mV
%
VGPI = 0V, Unbuffered
VGPI = 3.5V, Unbuffered
2
1
mV
%
VCAP1 = 0V
VCAP1 = 2V
2
1
mV
%
VCAP2 = 0V
VCAP2 = 2V
2
1
mV
%
VCAP3 = 0V
VCAP3 = 2V
2
1
mV
%
VCAP4 = 0V
VCAP4 = 2V
2
1
mV
%
VSNSI = 0mV
VSNSI = 32mV
200
2
µV
%
VSNSC = 0mV
VSNSC = 32mV
200
2
µV
%
CAP1 to CAP4
RSHNT
Shunt Resistance
0.5
DVCAPMAX
Maximum Capacitor Voltage with Shunts Enabled
2 or More Capacitors in Stack
Ω
3.6
V
1.209
V
–1
1
µA
1
µA
Programming Pins
VITST
ITST Voltage
RTST = 121Ω
1.185
1.197
I2C/SMBus – SDA, SCL, SMBALERT
IIL,SDA,SCL
Input Leakage Low
IIH,SDA,SCL
Input Leakage High
–1
VIH
Input High Threshold
1.5
VIL
Input Low Threshold
fSCL
SCL Clock Frequency
tLOW
Low Period of SCL Clock
1.3
µs
tHIGH
High Period of SCL Clock
0.6
µs
tBUF
Bus Free Time Between Start and Stop Conditions
1.3
µs
tHD,STA
Hold Time, After (Repeated) Start Condition
0.6
µs
tSU,STA
Setup Time After a Repeated Start Condition
0.6
µs
6
V
0.8
V
400
kHz
3350fc
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LTC3350
Electrical
Characteristics
The l denotes the specifications which apply over the specified operating
junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C (Note 2). VIN = VOUT = 12V, VDRVCC = VINTVCC unless otherwise
noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
tSU,STO
Stop Condition Set-Up Time
tHD,DATO
Output Data Hold Time
0
tHD,DATI
Input Data Hold Time
0
ns
tSU,DAT
Data Set-Up Time
100
ns
tSP
Input Spike Suppression Pulse Width
VSMBALERT
SMBALERT Output Low Voltage
ISINK = 1mA
ISMBALERT
SMBALERT High-Z Leakage Current
VSMBALERT = 5V
0.6
µs
900
ns
50
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2: The LTC3350 is tested under pulsed load conditions such that
TJ ≈ TA. The LTC3350E is guaranteed to meet specifications from
0°C to 125°C junction temperature. Specifications over the –40°C to
125°C operating junction temperature range are assured by design,
characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The
LTC3350I is guaranteed over the –40°C to 125°C operating junction
temperature range. Note that the maximum ambient temperature
consistent with these specifications is determined by specific operating
conditions in conjunction with board layout, the rated package thermal
impedance and other environmental factors. The junction temperature
(TJ, in °C) is calculated from the ambient temperature (TA, in °C) and
power dissipation (PD, in Watts) according to the formula:
TJ = TA + (PD • θJA)
where θJA = 34°C/W for the UHF package.
ns
200
mV
1
l
μA
Note 3: The LTC3350 includes overtemperature protection that is intended
to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction
temperature will exceed 125˚C when overtemperature protection is active.
Continuous operation above the specified maximum operating junction
temperature may impair device reliability.
Note 4: Dynamic supply current is higher due to the gate charge being
delivered at the switching frequency. See the Applications Information
section.
Note 5: Measurement error is the magnitude of the difference between the
actual measured value and the ideal value. VSNSI is the voltage between
VOUTSP and VOUTSN, representing input current. VSNSC is the voltage
between ICAP and VCAP, representing charge current. Error for VSNSI and
VSNSC is expressed in μV, a conversion to an equivalent current may be
made by dividing by the sense resistors, RSNSI and RSNSC, respectively.
Typical Performance Characteristics
TA = 25°C, Application Circuit 4 unless otherwise noted.
Supercapacitor Backup Operation
HV Electrolytic Backup Operation
PBACKUP = 25W
VOUT
2V/DIV
Shunt Operation Using VCAP2
5
PBACKUP = 25W
4
CURRENT (A)
VCAP
5V/DIV
VCAP
2V/DIV
VOUT
5V/DIV
VIN
5V/DIV
0V
VIN
2V/DIV
0V
400ms/DIV
BACK PAGE APPLICATION CIRCUIT
3350 G01
VSHUNT = 2.7V
20ms/DIV
APPLICATION CIRCUIT 6
3350 G02
3
ICHARGE
2
1
ICAP2
0
–1
2.64 2.65
2.66 2.67 2.68
VCAP2 (V)
2.69
2.70
2.71
3350 G03
3350fc
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7
LTC3350
Typical Performance Characteristics
TA = 25°C, Application Circuit 4 unless otherwise noted.
IIN and ICHARGE vs VIN
CURRENT (A)
3.5
ICHARGE vs VCAP
ICHARGE
2.3
2.50
IIN(MAX) = 2A
IOUT = 0A
VIN = 12V
VIN = 24V
VIN = 35V
1.25
IIN
11
21
16
26
VIN (V)
31
0
36
0
2
4
6
IIN
1.25
2.25
8.00
75
6.75
50
0
3.00
IIN(MAX) = 2A
IOUT = 0A
VIN = 12V
VIN = 24V
VIN = 35V
0
1.8
IOUT (A)
3.6
5.4
3350 G07
VCAP vs Temperature
–6
28
62
TEMPERATURE (°C)
96
130
3350 G10
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
vcapfb_dac (CODE)
3350 G09
Load Regulation in Boost Mode
5.000
75
4.994
VOUT (BOOST) (V)
EFFICIENCY (%)
VCAP (V)
capfb_dac = 15
ICHARGE = 2A
7.185
–40
3.00
7.2
100
50
VCAP = 2V
VCAP = 3V
VCAP = 4V
25
7.190
ICHARGE = 2A
4.25
Efficiency in Boost Mode
7.205
0
10–3
10–1
IOUT (A)
100
4.988
VCAP = 2V
VCAP = 3V
VCAP = 4V
4.981
APPLICATION CIRCUIT 5
10–2
8
VCAP vs vcapfb_dac
3350 G08
7.210
7.195
6
5.50
VCAP (V)
7.200
4
3350 G06
100
25
1.50
2
VCAP (V)
VCAP (V)
EFFICIENCY (%)
CURRENT (A)
2.50
0.75
0
3350 G05
IIN(MAX) = 2A
VIN = 12V
VIN = 24V
VIN = 35V
0
0
8
Charger Efficiency vs VCAP
ICHARGE
0
IIN(MAX) = 2A
IOUT = 1A
VIN = 12V
VIN = 24V
VIN = 35V
VCAP (V)
IIN and ICHARGE vs IOUT
3.75
2.50
1.25
3350 G04
5.00
ICHARGE vs VCAP
3.75
3.75
2.9
1.7
5.00
ICHARGE (A)
IOUT = 1A
VCAP = 6V
125°C
25°C
–40°C
5.00
ICHARGE (A)
4.1
101
3350 G11
4.975
10–3
APPLICATION CIRCUIT 5
10–2
10–1
IOUT (A)
100
101
3350 G12
3350fc
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LTC3350
Typical Performance Characteristics
TA = 25°C, Application Circuit 4 unless otherwise noted.
4.90
IQ vs VIN, Pulse Skipping
5480
10.0
VGPI = 1V
5475
7.5
IDRVCC (mA)
4.75
CODE
5470
4.60
5465
4.45
10
15
25
20
VIN (V)
30
35
5455
–40
–6
28
62
96
0
3
1.5
4.5
3350 G14
INTVCC vs Charge Current
6
3350 G15
INTVCC vs Temperature
5.000
VIN = 12V
4.938
4.938
4.875
4.813
4.750
0
130
IL (A)
3350 G13
5.000
VCAP = 4V
125°C
25°C
–40°C
APPLICATION CIRCUIT 5
TEMPERATURE (°C)
INTVCC (V)
4.30
5.0
2.5
5460
125°C
25°C
–40°C
INTVCC (V)
IQ (mA)
DRVCC Current vs Boost Inductor
Current
GPI Code vs Temperature
4.813
125°C
25°C
–40°C
0
1
2
3
4.875
4
4.750
–40
ICHARGE (A)
–6
28
62
96
130
TEMPERATURE (°C)
3350 G16
3350 G17
3350fc
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9
LTC3350
Pin Functions
SCL (Pin 1): Clock Pin for the I2C/SMBus Serial Port.
SDA (Pin 2): Bidirectional Data Pin for the I2C/SMBus
Serial Port.
SMBALERT (Pin 3): Interrupt Output. This open-drain
output is pulled low when an alarm threshold is exceeded,
and will remain low until the acknowledgement of the part’s
response to an SMBus ARA.
CAPGD (Pin 4): Capacitor Power Good. This open-drain
output is pulled low when CAPFB is below 92% of its
regulation point.
VC (PIN 5): Control Voltage Pin. This is the compensation
node for the charge current, input current, supercapacitor
stack voltage and output voltage control loops. An RC
network is connected between VC and SGND. Nominal
voltage range for this pin is 1V to 3V.
CAPFB (Pin 6): Capacitor Stack Feedback Pin. This pin
closes the feedback loop for constant voltage regulation.
An external resistor divider between VCAP and SGND with
the center tap connected to CAPFB programs the final
supercapacitor stack voltage. This pin is nominally equal
to the output of the VCAP DAC when the synchronous
controller is in constant voltage mode while charging.
OUTFB (Pin 7): Step-Up Mode Feedback Pin. This pin
closes the feedback loop for voltage regulation of VOUT
during input power failure using the synchronous controller
in step-up mode. An external resistor divider between
VOUT and SGND with the center tap connected to OUTFB
programs the minimum backup supply rail voltage when
input power is unavailable. This pin is nominally 1.2V when
in backup and the synchronous controller is not in current
limit. To disable step-up mode tie OUTFB to INTVCC.
SGND (Pin 8): Signal Ground. All small-signal and compensation components should be connected to this pin,
which in turn connects to PGND at one point. This pin
should also Kelvin to the bottom plate of the capacitor stack.
10
RT (Pin 9): Timing Resistor. The switching frequency of
the synchronous controller is set by placing a resistor, RT,
from this pin to SGND. This resistor is always required.
If not present the synchronous controller will not start.
GPI (Pin 10): General Purpose Input. The voltage on this
pin is digitized directly by the ADC. For high impedance
inputs an internal buffer can be selected and used to drive
the ADC. The GPI pin can be connected to a negative
temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor to monitor the
temperature of the supercapacitor stack. A low drift bias
resistor is required from INTVCC to GPI and a thermistor
is required from GPI to ground. Connect GPI to SGND if
not used. The digitized voltage on this pin can be read in
the meas_gpi register.
ITST (Pin 11): Programming Pin for Capacitance Test Current. This current is used to partially discharge the capacitor stack at a precise rate for capacitance measurement.
This pin servos to 1.2V during a capacitor measurement.
A resistor, RTST, from this pin to SGND programs the test
current. RTST must be at least 121Ω.
CAPRTN (Pin 12): Capacitor Stack Shunt Return Pin. This
pin is connected to the grounded bottom plate of the first
super capacitor in the stack through a shunt resistor.
CAP1 (Pin 13): First Supercapacitor Pin. The top plate of
the first supercapacitor and the bottom plate of the second
supercapacitor are connected to this pin through a shunt
resistor. CAP1 and CAPRTN are used to measure the voltage
across the first super capacitor and to shunt current around
the capacitor to provide balancing and prevent overvoltage.
The voltage between this pin and CAPRTN is digitized and
can be read in the meas_vcap1 register.
CAP2 (Pin 14): Second Supercapacitor Pin. The top plate
of the second supercapacitor and the bottom plate of the
third supercapacitor are connected to this pin through a
shunt resistor. CAP2 and CAP1 are used to measure the
voltage across the second supercapacitor and to shunt
3350fc
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LTC3350
Pin Functions
current around the capacitor to provide balancing and
prevent overvoltage. If not used this pin should be shorted
to CAP1. The voltage between this pin and CAP1 is digitized
and can be read in the meas_vcap2 register.
VCAP (Pin 21): Supercapacitor Stack Voltage and Charge
Current Sense Amplifier Negative Input. Connect this pin
to the top of the supercapacitor stack. The voltage at this
pin is digitized and can be read in the meas_vcap register.
CAP3 (Pin 15): Third Supercapacitor Pin. The top plate of
the third supercapacitor and the bottom plate of the fourth
supercapacitor are connected to this pin through a shunt
resistor. CAP3 and CAP2 are used to measure the voltage
across the third supercapacitor and to shunt current around
the capacitor to provide balancing and prevent overvoltage.
If not used this pin should be shorted to CAP2. The voltage
between this pin and CAP2 is digitized and can be read in
the meas_vcap3 register.
ICAP (Pin 22): Charge Current Sense Amplifier Positive
Input. The ICAP and VCAP pins measure the voltage across
the sense resistor, RSNSC, to provide instantaneous current signals for the control loops and ESR measurement
system. The maximum charge current is 32mV/RSNSC.
CAP4 (Pin 16): Fourth Supercapacitor Pin. The top plate of
the fourth supercapacitor is connected to this pin through
a shunt resistor. CAP4 and CAP3 are used to measure
the voltage on the capacitor and to shunt current around
the supercapacitor to provide balancing and prevent
overvoltage. If not used this pin should be shorted to CAP3.
The voltage between this pin and CAP3 is digitized and
can be read in the meas_vcap4 register. The capacitance
test current set by the ITST pin is pulled from this pin.
CFP (Pin 17): VCAPP5 Charge Pump Flying Capacitor
Positive Terminal. Place a 0.1μF between CFP and CFN.
CFN (Pin 18): VCAPP5 Charge Pump Flying Capacitor
Negative Terminal. Place a 0.1μF between CFP and CFN.
VCAPP5 (Pin 19): Charge Pump Output. The internal
charge pump drives this pin to VCAP + INTVCC which is
used as the high side rail for the OUTFET gate drive and
charge current sense amplifier. Connect a 0.1μF capacitor
from VCAPP5 to VCAP.
OUTFET (Pin 20): Output Ideal Diode Gate Drive Output. This pin controls the gate of an external N-channel
MOSFET used as an ideal diode between VOUT and VCAP.
The gate drive receives power from the internal charge
pump output VCAPP5. The source of the N-channel
MOSFET should be connected to VCAP and the drain should
be connected to VOUTSN. If the output ideal diode MOSFET
is not used, OUTFET should be left floating.
VCC2P5 (Pin 23): Internal 2.5V Regulator Output. This
regulator provides power to the internal logic circuitry.
Decouple this pin to ground with a minimum 1μF low ESR
tantalum or ceramic capacitor.
SW (Pin 24): Switch Node Connection to the Inductor.
The negative terminal of the boot-strap capacitor, CB, is
connected to this pin. The voltage on this pin is also used
as the source reference for the top side N-channel MOSFET gate drive. In step-down mode, the voltage swing on
this pin is from a diode (external) forward voltage below
ground to VOUT. In step-up mode the voltage swing is from
ground to a diode forward voltage above VOUT.
TGATE (Pin 25): Top Gate Driver Output. This pin is the
output of a floating gate driver for the top external N‑channel
MOSFET. The voltage swing at this pin is ground to VOUT
+ DRVCC.
BST (Pin 26): TGATE Driver Supply Input. The positive
terminal of the boot-strap capacitor, CB, is connected to
this pin. This pin swings from a diode voltage drop below
DRVCC up to VOUT + DRVCC.
BGATE (Pin 27): Bottom Gate Driver Output. This pin
drives the bottom external N-channel MOSFET between
PGND and DRVCC.
DRVCC (Pin 28): Power Rail for Bottom Gate Driver. Connect to INTVCC or to an external supply. Decouple this pin
to ground with a minimum 2.2μF low ESR tantalum or
ceramic capacitor. Do not exceed 5.5V on this pin.
3350fc
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11
LTC3350
Pin Functions
INTVCC (Pin 29): Internal 5V Regulator Output. The control
circuits and gate drivers (when connected to DRVCC) are
powered from this supply. If not connected to DRVCC,
decouple this pin to ground with a minimum 1μF low ESR
tantalum or ceramic capacitor.
VOUTSN (Pin 30): Input Current Limiting Amplifier Negative Input. A sense resistor, RSNSI, between VOUTSP and
VOUTSN sets the input current limit. The maximum input
current is 32mV/RSNSI. An RC network across the sense
resistor can be used to modify loop compensation. To
disable input current limit, connect this pin to VOUTSP.
VOUTSP (Pin 31): Backup System Supply Voltage and
Input Current Limiting Amplifier Positive Input. The voltage
across the VOUTSP and VOUTSN pins are used to regulate
input current. This pin also serves as the power supply
for the IC. The voltage at this pin is digitized and can be
read in the meas_vout register.
VOUTM5 (Pin 32): VOUT – 5V Regulator. This pin is regulated to 5V below VOUT or to ground if VOUT < 5V. This
rail provides power to the input current sense amplifier.
Decouple this pin with at least 1μF to VOUT.
12
INFET (Pin 33): Input Ideal Diode Gate Drive Output. This
pin controls the gate of an external N-channel MOSFET
used as an ideal diode between VIN and VOUT. The gate
drive receives power from an internal charge pump. The
source of the N-channel MOSFET should be connected
to VIN and the drain should be connected to VOUTSP. If
the input ideal diode MOSFET is not used, INFET should
be left floating.
VIN (Pin 34): External DC Power Source Input. Decouple
this pin with at least 0.1μF to ground. The voltage at this
pin is digitized and can be read in the meas_vin register.
CAP_SLCT0, CAP_SLCT1 (Pins 35, 36): CAP_SLCT0 and
CAP_SLCT1 set the number of super-capacitors used.
Refer to Table 1 in the Applications Information section.
PFI (Pin 37): Power-Fail Comparator Input. When the
voltage at this pin drops below 1.17V, PFO is pulled low
and step-up mode is enabled.
PFO (Pin 38): Power-Fail Status Output. This open-drain
output is pulled low when a power fault has occurred.
PGND (Exposed Pad Pin 39): Power Ground. The exposed
pad must be connected to a continuous ground plane on
the second layer of the printed circuit board by several vias
directly under the LTC3350 for rated thermal performance.
It must be tied to the SGND pin.
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
LTC3350
Block Diagram
34
33
31
INFET
VIN
32
VOUTSP
30
VOUTM5
20
VOUTSN
+ –
+–
D/A
vcapfb_dac[3:0]
5
9
29
23
Vcapfb_dac
CAPFB
VREF
OUTFB
VCAPP5
CHARGE
PUMP
VCAP
x37.5
+
–
+
–
+
–
ICAP
IREF
BST
ICHG
TGATE
VC
SW
RT
BIDIRECTIONAL
SWITCHING
CONTROLLER
OSC
INTVCC
BGATE
VREF
BANDGAP
22
26
25
24
28
CAP4
2.5V LDO
21
DRVCC
VOUTSP
5V LDO
VCC2P5
19
30mV
+
–
VREF
CFM
–+
+
–
IIN
7
INTVCC
–5V LDO
– VREF
+x37.5
18
CFP
– +
30mV
6
17
OUTFET
27
16
INTVCC
4
+
–
CAPGD
BALANCER
Vcapfb_dac
38
PFI
+
–
VREF
PFO
A/D
MULTIPLEXER
37
LOGIC
35
36
3
2
1
10
8
CAP3
CAPFB
INTVCC
VREF
SHUNT
CONTROLLER
IIN
ICHG
VCAP
VOUT
VIN
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
CAPRTN
DTEMP
BALANCER
BALANCER
SHUNT
CONTROLLER
CAP2
SHUNT
CONTROLLER
CAP1
15
14
13
CAP_SLCT0
BALANCER
CAP_SLCT1
SMBALERT
+
–
SDA
SCL
GPI
SHUNT
CONTROLLER
–
+
CAPRTN
12
VREF
ITST
11
GPIBUF
SGND
PGND
39
3350 BD
3350fc
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13
LTC3350
Timing Diagram
Definition of Timing for F/S Mode Devices on the I2C Bus
SDA
tLOW
tf
tSU(DAT)
tr
tHD(SDA)
tf
tBUF
tr
tSP
SCL
S
tHD(SDA)
tHD(DAT)
tHIGH
tSU(STA)
Sr
tSU(STO)
P
S
3350 TD
S = START, Sr = REPEATED START, P = STOP
Operation
Introduction
The LTC3350 is a highly integrated backup power controller
and system monitor. It features a bidirectional switching
controller, input and output ideal diodes, supercapacitor
shunts/balancers, a power-fail comparator, a 14-bit ADC
and I2C/SMBus programmability with status reporting.
If VIN is above an externally programmable PFI threshold
voltage, the synchronous controller operates in step-down
mode and charges a stack of supercapacitors. A programmable input current limit ensures that the supercapacitors
will automatically be charged at the highest possible charge
current that the input can support. If VIN is below the PFI
threshold, then the synchronous controller will run in
reverse as a step-up converter to deliver power from the
supercapacitor stack to VOUT.
The two ideal diode controllers drive external MOSFETs to
provide low loss power paths from VIN and VCAP to VOUT.
The ideal diodes work seamlessly with the bidirectional
controller to provide power from the supercapacitors to
VOUT without backdriving VIN.
The LTC3350 provides balancing and overvoltage protection to a series stack of one to four supercapacitors. The
internal capacitor voltage balancers eliminate the need
for external balance resistors. Overvoltage protection is
provided by shunt regulators that use an internal switch
and an external resistor across each supercapacitor.
14
The LTC3350 monitors system voltages, currents, and
die temperature. A general purpose input (GPI) pin is
provided to measure an additional system parameter or
implement a thermistor measurement. In addition, the
LTC3350 can measure the capacitance and resistance of the
supercapacitor stack. This provides indication of the health
of the supercapacitors and, along with the VCAP voltage
measurement, provides information on the total energy
stored and the maximum power that can be delivered.
Bidirectional Switching Controller—Step-Down Mode
The bidirectional switching controller is designed to charge
a series stack of supercapacitors (Figure 1). Charging
proceeds at a constant current until the supercapacitors
reach their maximum charge voltage determined by the
CAPFB servo voltage and the resistor divider between VCAP
and CAPFB. The maximum charge current is determined
by the value of the sense resistor, RSNSC, used in series
with the inductor. The charge current loop servos the
voltage across the sense resistor to 32mV. When charging
begins, an internal soft-start ramp will increase the charge
current from zero to full current in 2ms. The VCAP voltage
and charge current can be read from the meas_vcap and
meas_ichrg registers, respectively.
3350fc
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LTC3350
Operation
VIN
VOUT
(TO SYSTEM)
RSNSI
INFET
VIN
INPUT
CURRENT
CONTROLLER
VOUTSP VOUTSN
– +
LTC3350
+–
30mV
+
–
VREF
+
–
IIN
TGATE
BIDIRECTIONAL
SWITCHING
CONTROLLER
CHARGE
CURRENT
CONTROLLER
CAPACITOR
VOLTAGE
CONTROLLER
BGATE
STEP-DOWN MODE
+
–
IREF
+
–
ICHG
+
–
ICAP
37.5
VCAP
D/A
RSNSC
+
VREF
vcapfb_dac[3:0]
CAPFB
VC
+
+
+
3350 F01
Figure 1. Power Path Block Diagram—Power Available from VIN
The LTC3350 provides constant power charging (for a fixed
VIN) by limiting the input current drawn by the switching
controller in step-down mode. The input current limit will
reduce charge current to limit the voltage across the input
sense resistor, RSNSI, to 32mV. If the combined system
load plus supercapacitor charge current is large enough to
cause the switching controller to reach the programmed
input current limit, the input current limit loop will reduce
the charge current by precisely the amount necessary
to enable the external load to be satisfied. Even if the
charge current is programmed to exceed the allowable
input current, the input current will not be violated; the
supercapacitor charger will reduce its current as needed.
Note that the part’s quiescent and gate drive currents are
not included in the input current measurement.The input
current can be read from the meas_iin register.
Bidirectional Switching Controller—Step-Up Mode
The bidirectional switching controller acts as a step-up
converter to provide power from the supercapacitors to
VOUT when input power is unavailable (Figure 2). The PFI
comparator enables step-up mode. VOUT regulation is set
by a resistor divider between VOUT and OUTFB. To disable
step-up mode tie OUTFB to INTVCC.
Step-up mode can be used in conjunction with the output
ideal diode. The VOUT regulation voltage can be set below
the capacitor stack voltage. Upon removal of input power,
power to VOUT will be provided from the supercapacitor
stack via the output ideal diode. VCAP and VOUT will fall as
the load current discharges the supercapacitor stack. The
output ideal diode will shut off when the voltage on OUTFB
falls below 1.3V and VOUT will fall a PN diode (~700mV)
below VCAP. If OUTFB falls below 1.2V when the output
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15
LTC3350
Operation
VCAP < VOUT
VOUT
(TO SYSTEM)
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
CONTROLLER
VOUTSN LTC3350
–
+
VCAP > VOUT
OUTFB
VREF
+–
–
+
OUTFET
30mV
BIDIRECTIONAL
SWITCHING
CONTROLLER
STEP-UP MODE
TGATE
RSNSC
+
BGATE
+
ICAP
+
VCAP
+
3350 F02
VC
Figure 2. Power Path Block Diagram—Power Backup
ideal diode shuts off, the synchronous controller will turn
on immediately. If OUTFB is above 1.2V when the output
ideal diode shuts off, the load current will flow through the
body diode of the output ideal diode N-channel MOSFET for
a period of time until OUTFB falls to 1.2V. The synchronous
controller will regulate OUTFB to 1.2V when it turns on,
holding up VOUT while the supercapacitors discharge to
ground.
The synchronous controller in step-up mode will run
nonsynchronously when VCAP is less than 100mV below
VOUT. It will run synchronously when VCAP falls 200mV
below VOUT.
Ideal Diodes
The LTC3350 has two ideal diode controllers that drive
external N-channel MOSFETs. The ideal diodes consist of
a precision amplifier that drives the gates of N-channel
MOSFETs whenever the voltage at VOUT is approximately
16
30mV (VFWD) below the voltage at VIN or VCAP. Within
the amplifier’s linear range, the small-signal resistance
of the ideal diode will be quite low, keeping the forward
drop near 30mV. At higher current levels, the MOSFETs
will be in full conduction.
The input ideal diode prevents the supercapacitors from
back driving VIN during backup mode. A Fast-Off comparator shuts off the N-channel MOSFET if VIN falls 30mV
below VOUT. The PFI comparator also shuts off the MOSFET
during power failure.
The output ideal diode provides a path for the supercapacitors to power VOUT when VIN is unavailable. In addition to a
Fast-Off comparator, the output ideal diode also has a FastOn comparator that turns on the external MOSFET when
VOUT drops 65mV below VCAP. The output ideal diode will
shut off when OUTFB is just above regulation allowing the
synchronous controller to power VOUT in step-up mode.
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
3350fc
LTC3350
Operation
Gate Drive Supply (DRVCC)
The bottom gate driver is powered from the DRVCC pin. It
is normally connected to the INTVCC pin. An external LDO
can also be used to power the gate drivers to minimize
power dissipation inside the IC. See the Applications
Information section for details.
Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
Internal undervoltage lockout circuits monitor both the
INTVCC and DRVCC pins. The switching controller is kept
off until INTVCC rises above 4.3V and DRVCC rises above
4.2V. Hysteresis on the UVLOs turn off the controller if
either INTVCC falls below 4V or DRVCC falls below 3.9V.
Charging is not enabled until VOUTSN is 185mV above the
supercapacitor voltage and VIN is above the PFI threshold.
Charging is disabled when VOUTSN falls to within 90mV of
the supercapacitor voltage or VIN is below the PFI threshold.
RT Oscillator and Switching Frequency
The RT pin is used to program the switching frequency.
A resistor, RT, from this pin to ground sets the switching
frequency according to:
fSW (MHz ) =
53.5
R T (kΩ )
defaults to full scale (1.2V) and is programmed via the
vcapfb_dac register.
Supercapacitors lose capacitance as they age. By initially
setting the VCAP DAC to a low setting, the final charge
voltage on the supercapacitors can be increased as they
age to maintain a constant level of stored backup energy
throughout the lifetime of the supercapacitors.
Power-Fail (PF) Comparator
The LTC3350 contains a fast power-fail (PF) comparator
which switches the part from charging to backup mode in
the event the input voltage, VIN, falls below an externally
programmed threshold voltage. In backup mode, the input
ideal diode shuts off and the supercapacitors power the load
either directly through the output ideal diode or through
the synchronous controller in step-up mode.
The PF comparator threshold voltage is programmed by
an external resistor divider via the PFI pin. The output of
the PF comparator also drives the gate of an open-drain
NMOS transistor to report the status via the PFO pin. When
input power is available the PFO pin is high impedance.
When VIN falls below the PF comparator threshold, PFO
is pulled down to ground.
The output of the PF comparator may also be read from
the chrg_pfo bit in the chrg_status register.
RT also sets the scale factor for the capacitor measurement
value reported in the meas_cap register, described in the
Capacitance and ESR Measurement section of this data
sheet.
Input Overvoltage Protection
The LTC3350 has overvoltage protection on its input. If
VIN exceeds 38.6V, the switching controller will hold the
switching MOSFETs off. The controller will resume switching if VIN falls below 37.2V. The input ideal diode MOSFET
remains on during input overvoltage.
Charge Status Indication
The LTC3350 includes a comparator to report the status
of the supercapacitors via an open-drain NMOS transistor
on the CAPGD pin. This pin is pulled to ground until the
CAPFB pin voltage rises to within 8% of the VCAP DAC
setting. Once the CAPFB pin is above this threshold, the
CAPGD pin goes high impedance.
The output of this comparator may also be read from the
chrg_cappg bit in the chrg_status register.
Capacitor Voltage Balancer
VCAP DAC
The feedback reference for the CAPFB servo point can
be programmed using an internal 4-bit digital-to-analog
converter (DAC). The reference voltage can be programmed
from 0.6375V to 1.2V in 37.5mV increments. The DAC
The LTC3350 has an integrated active stack balancer. This
balancer slowly balances all of the capacitor voltages to
within about 10mV of each other. This maximizes the life
of the supercapacitors by keeping the voltage on each as
low as possible to achieve the needed total stack voltage.
3350fc
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17
LTC3350
Operation
When the difference between any two capacitor voltages exceeds about 10mV, the capacitor with the largest
voltage is discharged with a resistive balancer at about
10mA until all capacitor voltages are within 10mV. The
balancers are disabled in backup mode.
Capacitor Shunt Regulators
In addition to balancing, there is a need to protect each
capacitor from overvoltage during charging. The capacitors
in the stack will not have exactly the same capacitance due
to manufacturing tolerances or uneven aging. This will
cause the capacitor voltages to increase at different rates
with the same charge current. If this mismatch is severe
enough or if the capacitors are being charged to near their
maximum voltage, it becomes necessary to limit the voltage increase on some capacitors while still charging the
other capacitors. Up to 500mA of current may be shunted
around a capacitor whose voltage is approaching the programmable shunt voltage. This shunt current reduces the
charge rate of that capacitor relative to the other capacitors.
If a capacitor continues to approach its shunt voltage, the
charge current is reduced. This protects the capacitor
from overvoltage while still charging the other capacitors,
although at a reduced rate of charge. The shunt voltage is
programmable in the vshunt register. Shunt voltages up
to 3.6V may be programmed in 183.5µV increments. The
shunt regulators can be disabled by programming vshunt
to zero (0x0000). The default value is 0x3999, resulting
in a shunt voltage of 2.7V.
I2C/SMBus and SMBALERT
The LTC3350 contains an I2C/SMBus port. This port allows
communication with the LTC3350 for configuration and
reading back telemetry data. The port supports two SMBus
formats, read word and write word. Refer to the SMBus
specification for details of these formats. The registers
accessible via this port are organized on an 8-bit address
bus and each register is 16 bits wide. The “command code”
(or sub-address) of the SMBus read/write word formats is
the 8-bit address of each of these registers. The address
of the LTC3350 is 0b0001001.
The SMBALERT pin is asserted (pulled low) whenever an
enabled limit is exceeded or when an enabled status event
18
happens (see Limit Check and Alarms and Monitor Status
Register). The LTC3350 will deassert the SMBALERT
pin only after responding to an SMBus alert response
address (ARA), an SMBus protocol used to respond to a
SMBALERT. The host will read from the ARA (0b0001100)
and each part asserting SMBALERT will begin to respond
with its address. The responding parts arbitrate in such a
way that only the part with the lowest address responds.
Only when a part has responded with its address does it
release the SMBALERT signal. If multiple parts are asserting the SMBALERT signal then multiple reads from
the ARA are needed. For more information refer to the
SMBus specification.
Details on the registers accessible through this interface
are available in the Register Map and Register Descriptions
sections of this data sheet.
Analog-to-Digital Converter
The LTC3350 has an integrated 14-bit sigma-delta analogto-digital converter (ADC). This converter is automatically
multiplexed between all of the measured channels and
its results are stored in registers accessible via the I2C/
SMBus port. There are 11 channels measured by the ADC,
each of which takes approximately 1.6ms to measure. In
addition to providing status information about the system
voltages and currents, some of these measurements are
used by the LTC3350 to balance, protect, and measure
the capacitors in the stack.
The result of the analog-to-digital conversion is stored in
a 16-bit register as a signed, two’s complement number.
The lower two bits of this number are sub-bits. These bits
are ADC outputs which are too noisy to be reliably used
on any single conversion, however, they may be included
if multiple samples are averaged.
The measurements from the ADC are directly stored in the
meas_vcap1, meas_vcap2, meas_vcap3, meas_vcap4,
meas_gpi, meas_vin, meas_vcap, meas_vout, meas_iin,
meas_ichg and meas_dtemp registers.
Capacitance and ESR Measurement
The LTC3350 has the ability to measure the capacitance
and equivalent series resistance (ESR) of its supercapacitor
3350fc
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LTC3350
Operation
stack. This measurement is performed with minimal impact
to the system, and can be done while the supercapacitor
backup system is online. This measurement discharges
the capacitor stack by a small amount (200mV). If input
power fails during this test, the part will go into backup
mode and the test will terminate.
The capacitance test is performed only once the
supercapacitors have finished charging. The test
temporarily disables the charger, then discharges the
supercapacitors by 200mV with a precision current.
The discharge time is measured and used to calculate
the capacitance with the result of this measurement
stored in the meas_cap register. The number reported is
proportional to the capacitance of the entire stack. Two
different scales can be set using the ctl_cap_scale bit in
the ctl_reg register. If ctl_cap_scale is set to 0 (for large
value capacitor stacks), use the following equation to
convert the meas_cap value to Farads:
CSTACK =
RT
• 336µF •meas _ cap
R TST
If ctl_cap_scale is set to 1 (for small value capactor stacks),
use the following equation to convert the meas_cap value
to Farads:
CSTACK =
RT
• 3.36µF •meas _ cap
R TST
In the two previous equations RT is the resistor on the RT
pin and RTST is the resistor on the ITST pin.
The ESR test is performed immediately following the
capacitance test. The switching controller is switched on
and off several times. The changes in charge current and
stack voltage are measured. These measurements are
used to calculate the ESR relative to the charge current
sense resistor. The result of this measurement is stored
in the meas_esr register. The value reported in meas_esr
can be converted to ohms using the following equation:
RESR =
RSNSC
•meas _ esr
64
where RSNSC is the charge current sense resistor in series
with the inductor.
The capacitance and capacitor ESR measurements do not
automatically run as the other measurements do. They
must be initiated by setting the ctl_strt_capesr bit in the
ctl_reg register. This bit will automatically clear once the
measurement begins. If the cap_esr_per register is set to
a non-zero value, the measurement will be repeated after
the time programmed in the cap_esr_per register. Each
LSB in the cap_esr_per register represents 10 seconds.
The capacitance and ESR measurements may fail to
complete for several reasons, in which case the respective
mon_cap_failed or mon_esr_failed bit will be set. The capacitance test may fail due to a power failure or if the 200mV
discharge trips the CAPGD comparator. The ESR test will also
fail if the capacitance test fails. The ESR test uses the charger
to supply a current and then measures the supercapacitor
stack voltage with and without that current. If the ESR is
greater than 1024 times RSNSC, the ESR measurement will
fail. The ESR measurement is adaptive; it uses knowledge of
the ESR from previous measurements to program the test
current. The capacitance and ESR tests should initially be
run several times when first powering up to get the most
accuracy out of the system. It is possible for the first few
measurements to give low quality results or fail to complete
and after running several times will complete with a quality
result. The leakage on supercapacitors is initially very high
after being charged. Many supercapacitor manufacturers
specify the leakage current after being charged for 72 hours.
It is expected that capacitor measurements conducted prior
to this time will read low.
Monitor Status Register
The LTC3350 has a monitor status register (mon_status)
which contains status bits indicating the state of the capacitance and ESR monitoring system. These bits are set
and cleared by the capacitor monitor upon certain events
during a capacitor and ESR measurement, as described
in the Capacitance and ESR Measurement section.
There is a corresponding msk_mon_status register. Writing
a one to any of these bits will cause the SMBALERT pin to
pull low when the corresponding bit in the msk_mon_status register has a rising edge. This allows reduced polling
of the LTC3350 when waiting for a capacitance or ESR
measurement to complete.
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19
LTC3350
Operation
Details of the mon_status and msk_mon_status registers
can be found in the Register Descriptions section of this
data sheet.
Charge Status Register
The LTC3350 charger status register (chrg_status) contains
data about the state of the charger, switcher, shunts, and
balancers. Details of this register may be found in the
Register Description sections of this data sheet.
Limit Checking and Alarms
The LTC3350 has a limit checking function that will check
each measured value against I2C/SMBus programmable
limits. This feature is optional, and all the limits are disabled by default. The limit checking is designed to simplify
system monitoring, eliminating the need to continuously
poll the LTC3350 for measurement data.
If a measured parameter goes outside of the programmed
level of an enabled limit, the associated bit in the alarm_reg
register is set high and the SMBALERT pin is pulled low.
This informs the I2C/SMBus host a limit has been exceeded.
The alarms register may then be read to determine exactly
which programmed limits have been exceeded.
A single ADC is shared between the 11 channels with about
18ms between consecutive measurements of the same
channel. In a transient condition, it is possible for these
parameters to exceed their programmed levels in between
consecutive ADC measurements without setting the alarm.
Once the LTC3350 has responded to an SMBus ARA the
SMBALERT pin is released. The part will not pull the pin
low again until another limit is exceeded. To reset a limit
that has been exceeded, it must be cleared by writing a
one to the respective bit in the clr_alarms register.
A number of the LTC3350’s registers are used for limit
checking. Individual limits are enabled or disabled in the
msk_alarms registers. Once an enabled alarm’s measured
value exceeds the programmed level for that alarm the alarm
is set. That alarm may be cleared by writing a one to the
appropriate bit of the clr_alarms register or by writing a
zero to the appropriate bit to the msk_alarms register. All
alarms that have been set and have not yet been cleared
may be read in the alarm_reg register.
20
All of the individual measured voltages have a corresponding
undervoltage (uv) and overvoltage (ov) alarm level. All of
the individual capacitor voltages are compared to the same
alarm levels, set in the cap_ov_lvl and cap_uv_lvl registers.
The input current measurement has an overcurrent (oc)
alarm programmed in the iin_oc_lvl register. The charge
current has an undercurrent alarm programmed in the
ichg_uc_lvl register.
Die Temperature Sensor
The LTC3350 has an integrated die temperature sensor
monitored by the ADC and digitized to the meas_dtemp
register. An alarm may be set on die temperature by
setting the dtemp_cold_lvl and/or dtemp_hot_lvl registers
and enabling their respective alarms in the msk_alarms
register. To convert the code in the meas_dtemp register
to degrees Celsius use the following:
TDIE (°C) = 0.028 • meas_dtemp – 251.4
General Purpose Input
The general purpose input (GPI) pin can be used to measure
an additional system parameter. The voltage on this pin is
directly digitized by the ADC. For high impedance inputs,
an internal buffer may be selected and used to drive the
ADC. This buffer is enabled by setting the ctl_gpi_buffer_en
bit in the ctl_reg register. With this buffer, the input range
is limited from 0V to 3.5V. If this buffer is not used, the
range is from 0V to 5V, however, the input stage of the
ADC will draw about 0.4µA per volt from this pin. The ADC
input is a switched capacitor amplifier running at about
1MHz, so this current draw will be at that frequency. The
pin current can be eliminated at the cost of reduced range
and increased offset by enabling the buffer.
Alarms are available for this pin voltage with levels
programmed using the gpi_uv_lvl and gpi_ov_lvl registers.
These alarms are enabled using the msk_gpi_uv and
msk_gpi_ov bits in the msk_alarms register.
To monitor the temperature of the supercapacitor stack,
the GPI pin can be connected to a negative temperature
coefficient (NTC) thermistor. A low drift bias resistor is
required from INTVCC to GPI and a thermistor is required
from GPI to ground. Connect GPI to SGND if not used.
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LTC3350
Applications Information
Digital Configuration
Although the LTC3350 has extensive digital features, only
a few are required for basic use. The shunt voltage should
be programmed via the vshunt register if a value other
than the default 2.7V is required. The capacitor voltage
feedback reference defaults to 1.2V; it may be changed
in the vcapfb_dac register.
All other digital features are optional and used for monitoring. The ADC automatically runs and stores conversions to registers (e.g., meas_vcap). Capacitance and ESR
measurements only run if requested, however, they may
be scheduled to repeat if desired (ctl_strt_capesr and cap_
esr_per). Each measured parameter has programmable
limits (e.g., vcap_uv_lvl and vcap_ov_lvl) which may
trigger an alarm and SMBALERT when enabled. These
alarms are disabled by default.
Capacitor Configuration
The LTC3350 may be used with one to four supercapacitors. If less than four capacitors are used, the capacitors
must be populated from CAPRTN to CAP4, and the unused
CAP pins must be tied to the highest used CAP pin. For
example, if three capacitors are used, CAP4 should be tied
to CAP3. If only two capacitors are used, both CAP4 and
CAP3 should be tied to CAP2. The number of capacitors
used must be programmed on the CAP_SLCT0 and
CAP_SLCT1 pins by tying the pins to VCC2P5 for a one
and ground for a zero as shown in Table 1. The value
programmed on these pins may be read back from the
num_caps register via I2C/SMBus.
Table 1
CAP_SLCT1
CAP_SLCT0
num_caps
REGISTER VALUE
NUMBER OF
CAPACITORS
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
2
1
0
2
3
1
1
3
4
VSHUNT. CAPRTN, CAP1, CAP2, CAP3 and CAP4 must be
connected to the supercapacitors through resistors which
serve as ballasts for the internal shunts. The shunt current is approximately VSHUNT divided by twice the shunt
resistance value. For a VSHUNT of 2.7V, 2.7Ω resistors
should be used for 500mA of shunt current. The shunts
have a duty cycle of up to 75%. The power dissipated in
a single shunt resistor is approximately:
2
3VSHUNT
16RSHUNT
and the resistors should be sized accordingly. If the shunts
are disabled, make RSHUNT 100Ω.
Since the shunt current is less than what the switcher can
supply, the on-chip logic will automatically reduce the
charging current to allow the shunt to protect the capacitor.
This greatly reduces the charge rate once any one shunt is
activated. For this reason, VSHUNT should be programmed
as high as possible to reduce the likelihood of it activating
during a charge cycle. Ideally, VSHUNT would be set high
enough so that any likely capacitor mismatches would not
cause the shunts to turn on. This keeps the charger operating at the highest possible charge current and reduces the
charge time. If the shunts never turn on, the charge cycle
completes quickly and the balancers eventually equalize
the voltage on the capacitors. The shunt setting may also
be used to discharge the capacitors for testing, storage
or other purposes.
Setting Input and Charge Currents
The maximum input current is determined by the resistance across the VOUTSP and VOUTSN pins, RSNSI. The
maximum charge current is determined by the value of
the sense resistor, RSNSC, used in series with the inductor. The input and charge current loops servo the voltage
across their respective sense resistor to 32mV. Therefore,
the maximum input and charge currents are:
Capacitor Shunt Regulator Programming
VSHUNT is programmed via the I2C/SMBus interface and
defaults to 2.7V at initial power-up. VSHUNT serves to limit
the voltage on any individual capacitor by turning on a
shunt around that capacitor as the voltage approaches
PSHUNT ≈
IIN(MAX) =
32mV
RSNSI
ICHG(MAX) =
32mV
RSNSC
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21
LTC3350
Applications Information
The peak inductor current limit, IPEAK, is 80% higher than
the maximum charge current and is equal to:
IPEAK =
58mV
RSNSC
Note that the input current limit does not include the part’s
quiescent and gate drive currents. The total current drawn
by the part will be IIN(MAX) + IQ + IG, where IQ is the nonswitching quiescent current and IG is the gate drive current.
Low Current Charging and High Current Backup
The LTC3350 can accommodate applications requiring
low charge currents and high backup currents. In these
applications, program the desired charge current using
RSNSI. The higher current needed during backup can be
set using RSNSC. The input current limit will override the
charge current limit when the supercapacitors are charging
while the charge current limit provides sufficient current
capability for backup operation.
The charge current will be limited to ICHG(MAX) at low
VCAP (i.e., low duty cycles). As VCAP rises, the switching
controller’s input current will increase until it reaches
IIN(MAX). The input current will be maintained at IIN(MAX)
and the charge current will decrease as VCAP rises further.
Some applications may want to use only a portion of the
input current limit to charge the supercapacitors. Two input
current sense resistors placed in series can be used to
accomplish this as shown in Figure 3. VOUTSP is kelvin
connected to the positive terminal of RSNSI1 and VOUTSN
is kelvin connected to the negative terminal of RSNSI2.
The load current is pulled across RSNSI1 while the input
current to the charger is pulled across RSNSI1 and RSNSI2.
The input current limit is:
32mV = RSNSI1 • ILOAD + (RSNSI1 + RSNSI2) • IINCHG
For example, suppose that only 2A of input current is desired to charge the supercapacitors but the system load
and charger combined can pull a total of up to 4A from the
supply. Setting RSNSI1 = RSNSI2 = 8mΩ will set a 4A current limit for the load + charger while setting a 2A limit for
the charger. With no system load, the charger can pull up
to 2A of input current. As the load pulls 0A to 4A of current
the charger’s input current will reduce from 2A down to 0A.
22
The following equation can be used to determine charging
input current as a function of system load current:
IINCHG =
RSNSI1
32mV
–
•I
RSNSI1 +RSNSI2 RSNSI1 +RSNSI2 LOAD
The contact resistance of the negative terminal of RSNSI1 and
the positive terminal of RSNSI2 as well as the resistance of
the trace connecting them will cause variability in the input
current limit. To minimize the error, place both input current
sense resistors close together with a large PCB pad area
between them as the system load current is pulled from the
trace connecting the two sense resistors.
Note that the backup current will flow through RSNSI2. The
RSNSI2 package should be sized accordingly to handle the
power dissipation.
VOUT (TO SYSTEM)
ILOAD
VIN
RSNSI1 RSNSI2
VIN
INFET
VOUTSP
LTC3350
IINCHG
VOUTSN
TGATE
BGATE
3350 F03
Figure 3
Setting VCAP Voltage
The LTC3350 VCAP voltage is set by an external feedback
resistor divider, as shown in Figure 4. The regulated output
voltage is determined by:
⎛ R
⎞
VCAP = ⎜ 1+ FBC1 ⎟ CAPFBREF
⎝ RFBC2 ⎠
where CAPFBREF is the output of the VCAP DAC, programmed in the vcapfb_dac register. Great care should
be taken to route the CAPFB line away from noise sources,
such as the SW line.
Power-Fail Comparator Input Voltage Threshold
The input voltage threshold below which the power-fail
status pin, PFO, indicates a power-fail condition and the
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LTC3350
Applications Information
VIN
VCAP
RFBC1
LTC3350
RPF1
CAPFB
PFI
RFBC2
VDD
RPF2
LTC3350
RPF3
3350 F04
PFO
Figure 4. VCAP Voltage Feedback Divider
MN1
LTC3350 bidirectional controller switches to step-up mode
is programmed using a resistor divider from the VIN pin
to SGND via the PFI pin such that:
⎛ R ⎞
VIN = ⎜ 1+ PF1 ⎟ VPFI(TH)
⎝ RPF2 ⎠
where VPFI(TH) is 1.17V. Typical values for RPF1 and RPF2
are in the range of 40k to 1M. See Figure 5.
The input voltage above which the power-fail status pin
PFO is high impedance and the bidirectional controller
switches to step-down mode is:
⎛ R ⎞
VIN = ⎜ 1+ PF1 ⎟ VPFI(TH) + VPFI(HYS)
⎝ RPF2 ⎠
(
)
where VPFI(HYS) is the hysteresis of the PFI comparator
and is equal to 30mV.
VIN
3350 F06
Figure 6. PFI Threshold Divider with Added Hystersis
MN1 and MP1 can be implemented with a single package N‑channel and P-channel MOSFET pair such as the
Si1555DL or Si1016CX. The drain leakage current of MN1,
when its gate voltage is at ground, can introduce an offset
in the threshold. To minimize the effect of this leakage current RPF1, RPF2 and RPF3 should be between 1k and 100k.
Setting VOUT Voltage in Backup Mode
The output voltage for the controller in step-up mode is
set by an external feedback resistor divider, as shown in
Figure 7. The regulated output voltage is determined by:
RPF1
LTC3350
MP1
⎛ R
⎞
VOUT = ⎜ 1+ FBO1 ⎟ 1.2V
⎝ RFBO2 ⎠
Great care should be taken to route the OUTFB line away
from noise sources, such as the SW line.
PFI
RPF2
3350 F05
VOUT
Figure 5. PFI Threshold Voltage Divider
Additional hysteresis can be added by switching in an
additional resistor, RPF3, in parallel with RPF2 when the
voltage at PFI falls below 1.17V as shown in Figure 6. The
falling VIN threshold is the same as before but the rising
VIN threshold becomes:
⎛ R
R ⎞
VIN = ⎜ 1+ PF1 + PF1 ⎟ VPFI(TH) + VPFI(HYST)
⎝ RRP2 RPF3 ⎠
(
)
LTC3350
OUTFB
VREF
–
+
VC
RFO
(OPT)
RFBO1
CFO
(OPT)
RFBO2
CFBO1
RC
(OPT)
CC
3350 F07
Figure 7. VOUT Voltage Divider and Compensation Network
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LTC3350
Applications Information
Compensation
The input current, charge current, VCAP voltage, and VOUT
voltage loops all require a 1nF to 10nF capacitor from the
VC node to ground. When using the output ideal diode and
backing up to low voltages (15V) 1nF to 4.7nF is recommended.
In addition to the VC node capacitor, the VOUT voltage loop
requires a phase-lead capacitor, CFBO1, for stability and
improved transient response during input power failure
(Figure 7). The product of the top divider resistor and the
phase-lead capacitor should be used to create a zero at
approximately 2kHz:
RFBO1 • CFBO1 ≈
1
2π ( 2kHz )
Choose an RFBO1 such that CFBO1 is ≥ 100pF to minimize
the effects of parasitic pin capacitance. Because the phaselead capacitor introduces a larger ripple at the input of
the VOUT transconductance amplifier, an additional RC
lowpass filter from the VOUT divider to the OUTFB pin may
be needed to eliminate voltage ripple spikes. The filter time
constant should be located at the switching frequency of
the synchronous controller:
1
RFO •CFO =
2πfSW
with CFO > 10pF to minimize the effects of parasitic pin
capacitance. For back up applications where the VOUT
regulation voltage is low (~5V to 6V), an additional 1k to
3k resistor, RC, in series with the VC capacitor can improve
stability and transient response.
Example: System needs 5V to run and draws 1A during
backup. There are four supercapacitors in the stack, each
with an RSC of 45mΩ. The output ideal diode forward
regulation voltage is 30mV (OUTFET RDS(ON) < 30mΩ).
The minimum open-circuit supercapacitor voltage is:
VCAP(MIN) = 5V + 0.030V + (1A • 4 • 45mΩ) = 5.21V
Using the synchronous controller in step-up mode allows
the supercapacitors to be discharged to a voltage much
lower than the minimum VOUT needed to run the system.
The amount of power that the supercapacitor stack can
deliver at its minimum internal (open-circuit) voltage should
be greater than what is needed to power the output and
the step-up converter.
According to the maximum power transfer rule:
In backup mode, power is provided to the output from the
supercapacitors either through the output ideal diode or
the synchronous controller operating in step-up mode.
PCAP(MIN) =
VCAP(MIN)2
4 •n •RSC
>
PBACKUP
η
In the equation above η is the efficiency of the synchronous controller in step-up mode and n is the number of
supercapacitors in the stack.
Example: System needs 5V to run and draws 1A during
backup. There are four supercapacitors in the stack (n = 4),
each with an RSC of 45mΩ. The converter efficiency is
90%. The minimum open-circuit supercapacitor voltage is:
Minimum VCAP Voltage in Backup Mode
24
The output ideal diode provides a low loss power path
from the supercapacitors to VOUT. The minimum internal
(open-circuit) supercapacitor voltage will be equal to
the minimum VOUT necessary for the system to operate
plus the voltage drops due to the output ideal diode and
equivalent series resistance, RSC, of each supercapacitor
in the stack.
VCAP(MIN) =
4 • 4 • 45mΩ • 5V •1A
= 2.0V
0.9
In this case, the voltage seen at the terminals of the capacitor stack is half this voltage, or 1V, according to the
maximum power transfer rule.
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Applications Information
Note the minimum VCAP voltage can also be limited by the
peak inductor current limit (180% of maximum charge current) and the maximum duty cycle in step-up mode (~90%).
where:
γ MAX = 1+ 1–
Optimizing Supercapacitor Energy Storage Capacity
In most systems the supercapacitors will provide backup
power to one or more DC/DC converters. A DC/DC converter
presents a constant power load to the supercapacitor. When
the supercapacitors are near their maximum voltage, the
loads will draw little current. As the capacitors discharge,
the current drawn from supercapacitors will increase to
maintain constant power to the load. The amount of energy
required in back up mode is the product of this constant
backup power, PBACKUP, and the backup time, tBACKUP.
The energy stored in a stack of n supercapacitors available
for backup is:
1
nC V 2
– V2
2 SC CELL(MAX) CELL(MIN)
(
)
where CSC, VCELL(MAX) and VCELL(MIN) are the capacitance,
maximum voltage and minimum voltage of a single capacitor in the stack, respectively. The maximum voltage
on the stack is VCAP(MAX) = n • VCELL(MAX). The minimum
voltage on the stack is VCAP(MIN) = n • VCELL(MIN).
Some of this energy will be dissipated as conduction loss
in the ESR of the supercapacitor stack. A higher backup
power requirement leads to a higher conduction loss for
a given stack ESR.
The amount of capacitance needed can be found by solving
the following equation for CSC:
γ Min = 1+ 1–
4RSC •PBACKUP
and,
2
nVCELL(MAX)
4RSC •PBACKUP
2
nVCELL(MIN)
RSC is the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of a single
supercapacitor in the stack. Note that the maximum power
transfer rule limits the minimum cell voltage to:
VCELL(MIN) =
VCAP(MIN)
n
≥
4RSC •PBACKUP
n
To minimize the size of the capacitance for a given amount
of backup energy, the maximum voltage on the stack,
VCELL(MAX), can be increased. However, the voltage is
limited to a maximum of 2.7V and this may lead to an
unacceptably low capacitor lifetime.
An alternative option would be to keep VCELL(MAX) at a
voltage that leads to reasonably long lifetime and increase
the capacitor utilization ratio of the supercapacitor stack.
The capacitor utilization ratio, αB, can be defined as:
αB =
2
2
– VCELL(MIN)
VCELL(MAX)
2
VCELL(MAX)
If the synchronous controller in step-up mode is used then
the supercapacitors can be run down to a voltage set by the
⎡
⎛ γ MAX • VCELL(MAX) ⎞ ⎤
4R •P
1
2
2
PBACKUP • tBACKUP = nCSC ⎢ γ MAX • VCELL(MAX)
– γ MIN • VCELL(MIN)
– SC BACKUP ln ⎜
⎟⎥
4
n
⎝ γ MIN • VCELL(MIN) ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎢⎣
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LTC3350
Applications Information
maximum power transfer rule to maximize the utilization
ratio. The minimum voltage in this case is:
VCELL(MIN) =
4RSC •PBACKUP
nη
where η is the efficiency of the boost converter
(~90% to 96%). For the backup equation, γ MAX and γ MIN,
substitute PBACKUP/η for PBACKUP. In this case the energy
needed for backup is governed by the following equation:
PBACKUP
1
2
tBACKUP ≤ nCSC • VCELL(MAX)
•
η
2
⎡ αB + αB 1– α ⎛ 1+ αB ⎞ ⎤
B
–
ln ⎜
⎢
⎟⎥
2
2
1–
α
⎝
⎠ ⎥⎦
⎢
B
⎣
Once a capacitance is found using the above equation the
maximum ESR allowed needs to be checked:
2
η(1– αB ) nVCELL(MAX)
7. If a suitable capacitor is not available, iterate by choosing
more capacitance, a higher cell voltage, more capacitors
in the stack and/or a lower utilization ratio.
8. Make sure to take into account the lifetime degradation of ESR and capacitance, as well as the maximum
discharge current rating of the supercapacitor. A list of
supercapacitor suppliers is provided in Table 2.
Table 2. Supercapacitor Suppliers
AVX
Bussman
CAP-XX
Illinois Capacitor
Maxwell
Murata
NESS CAP
Tecate Group
www.avx.com
www.cooperbussman.com
www.cap-xx.com
www.illcap.com
www.maxwell.com
www.murata.com
www.nesscap.com
www.tecategroup.com
Inductor Selection
3. Choose number of capacitors in the stack.
The switching frequency and inductor selection are interrelated. Higher switching frequencies allow the use of
smaller inductor and capacitor values, but generally results
in lower efficiency due to MOSFET switching and gate charge
losses. In addition, the effect of inductor value on ripple
current must also be considered. The inductor ripple current decreases with higher inductance or higher frequency
and increases with higher VIN. Accepting larger values of
ripple current allows the use of low inductances but results
in higher output voltage ripple and greater core losses.
4. Choose a desired utilization ratio, αB, for the supercapacitor (e.g., 80%).
For the LTC3350, the best overall performance will be
attained if the inductor is chosen to be:
RSC ≤
4PBACKUP
Capacitor Selection Procedure
1. Determine backup requirements PBACKUP and tBACKUP.
2. Determine maximum cell voltage that provides acceptable capacitor lifetime.
5. Solve for capacitance, CSC:
CSC ≥
L=
2PBACKUP • tBACKUP
•
2
nηVCELL(MAX)
(
⎡α + α
⎛ 1+ αB
B 1– α B
⎢ B
–
ln ⎜
⎜⎝ 1– αB
2
2
⎢
⎣
) ⎞⎟ ⎤⎥
–1
RSC ≤
26
4PBACKUP
ICHG(MAX) • fSW
for VIN(MAX) ≤ 2VCAP and:
⎛
⎞
VCAP
V
L = ⎜ 1– CAP ⎟
⎝ VIN(MAX) ⎠ 0.25 •ICHG(MAX) • fSW
⎟⎠ ⎥
⎦
6. Find supercapacitor with sufficient capacitance CSC and
minimum RSC:
2
η(1– αB ) nVCELL(MAX)
VIN(MAX)
for VIN(MAX) ≥ 2VCAP, where VCAP is the final supercapacitor stack voltage, VIN(MAX) is the maximum input voltage,
ICHG(MAX) is the maximum regulated charge current, and
fSW is the switching frequency. Using these equations, the
inductor ripple will be at most 25% of ICHG(MAX).
3350fc
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Applications Information
Using the above equation, the inductor may be too large
to provide a fast enough transient response to hold up
VOUT when input power goes away. This occurs in cases
where the maximum VIN can be high (e.g. 25V) and the
backup voltage low (e.g. 6V). In these situations it would
be best to choose an inductor that is smaller resulting in
maximum peak-to-peak ripple as high as 40% of ICHG(MAX).
Once the value for L is known, the type of inductor core
must be selected. Ferrite cores are recommended for their
very low core loss. Selection criteria should concentrate
on minimizing copper loss and preventing saturation.
Ferrite core material saturates “hard,” which means that
inductance collapses abruptly when the peak design current
is exceeded. This causes an abrupt increase in inductor
ripple current and consequent output voltage ripple. Do
not allow the core to saturate. The saturation current
for the inductor should be at least 80% higher than the
maximum regulated current, ICHG(MAX). A list of inductor
suppliers is provided in Table 3.
Table 3. Inductor Vendors
VENDOR
URL
Coilcraft
www.coilcraft.com
Murata
www.murata.com
Sumida
www.sumida.com
TDK
www.tdk.com
Toko
www.toko.com
Vishay
www.vishay.com
Würth Electronic
www.we-online.com
COUT and CCAP Capacitance
VOUT serves as the input to the synchronous controller in
step-down mode and as the output in step-up (backup)
mode. If step-up mode is used, place 100µF of bulk
(aluminum electrolytic, OS-CON, POSCAP) capacitance
for every 2A of backup current desired. For 5V system
applications, 100µF per 1A of backup current is recommended. In addition, a certain amount of high frequency
bypass capacitance is needed to minimize voltage ripple.
The voltage ripple in step-up mode is:
∆VOUT =
⎡⎛ VCAP ⎞
⎤
VOUT
1
+
•R
⎢⎜ 1–
ESR ⎥ IOUT(BACKUP)
⎝ VOUT ⎟⎠ COUT • fSW VCAP
⎣
⎦
Maximum ripple occurs at the lowest VCAP that can supply
IOUT(BACKUP). Multilayer ceramics are recommended for
high frequency filtering.
If step-up mode is unused, then the specification for
COUT will be determined by the desired ripple voltage in
step-down mode:
∆VOUT =
VCAP ⎛ VCAP ⎞ ICHG(MAX)
1–
+I
•R
VOUT ⎜⎝ VOUT ⎟⎠ COUT • fSW CHG(MAX) ESR
In continuous conduction mode, the source current of the
top MOSFET is a square wave of duty cycle VCAP/VOUT.
To prevent large voltage transients, a low ESR capacitor
sized for the maximum RMS current must be used. The
maximum RMS capacitor current is given by:
IRMS ≅ICHG(MAX)
VCAP
VOUT
VOUT
–1
VCAP
This formula has a maximum at VOUT = 2VCAP, where
IRMS = ICHG(MAX)/2. This simple worst-case condition is
commonly used for design because even significant deviations do not offer much relief.
Medium voltage (20V to 35V) ceramic, tantalum, OS-CON,
and switcher-rated electrolytic capacitors can be used as
input capacitors. Sanyo OS-CON SVP, SVPD series, Sanyo
POSCAP TQC series, or aluminum electrolytic capacitors
from Panasonic WA series or Cornel Dublilier SPV series
in parallel with a couple of high performance ceramic
capacitors can be used as an effective means of achieving
low ESR and high bulk capacitance.
VCAP serves as the input to the controller in step-up mode
and as the output in step-down mode. The purpose of the
VCAP capacitor is to filter the inductor current ripple. The
VCAP ripple (∆VCAP) is approximated by:
⎛
⎞
1
∆VCAP ≈ ∆I PP ⎜
+RESR ⎟
⎝ 8CCAP • fSW
⎠
where fSW is the switching frequency, CCAP is the capacitance on VCAP and ∆IPP is the ripple current in the
inductor. The output ripple is highest at maximum input
voltage since ∆IPP increases with input voltage.
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27
LTC3350
Applications Information
Because supercapacitors have low series resistance, it is
important that CCAP be sized properly so that the bulk of
the inductor current ripple flows through the filter capacitor and not the supercapacitor. It is recommended that:
⎛
⎞ n •RSC
1
+RESR ⎟ ≤
⎜⎝ 8C
5
⎠
CAP • fSW
where n is the number of supercapacitors in the stack and
RSC is the ESR of each supercapacitor. The capacitance
on VCAP can be a combination of bulk and high frequency
capacitors. Aluminum electrolytic, OS-CON and POSCAP
capacitors are suitable for bulk capacitance while multilayer
ceramics are recommended for high frequency filtering.
Power MOSFET Selection
Two external power MOSFETs must be selected for
the LTC3350’s synchronous controller: one N-channel
MOSFET for the top switch and one N-channel MOSFET
for the bottom switch. The selection criteria of the external
N-channel power MOSFETs include maximum drain-source
voltage (VDSS), threshold voltage, on-resistance (RDS(ON)),
reverse transfer capacitance (CRSS), total gate charge (QG),
and maximum continuous drain current.
VDSS of both MOSFETs should be selected to be higher
than the maximum input supply voltage (including
transient). The peak-to-peak drive levels are set by the
DRVCC voltage. Logic-level threshold MOSFETs should
be used because DRVCC is powered from either INTVCC
(5V) or an external LDO whose output voltage must be
less than 5.5V.
MOSFET power losses are determined by RDS(ON), CRSS
and QG. The conduction loss at maximum charge current
for the top and bottom MOSFET switches are:
PCOND(TOP) =
VCAP
2 •R
I
DS(ON) (1+ δ∆T )
VOUT CHG(MAX)
⎛ V ⎞
PCOND(BOT) = ⎜ 1– CAP ⎟ ICHG(MAX)2 •RDS(ON) (1+ δ∆T )
⎝ VOUT ⎠
The term (1+ δ∆T) is generally given for a MOSFET in the
form of a normalized RDS(ON) vs Temperature curve, but
δ = 0.005/°C can be used as an approximation for low
voltage MOSFETs.
28
Both MOSFET switches have conduction loss. However,
transition loss occurs only in the top MOSFET in stepdown mode and only in the bottom MOSFET in step-up
mode. These losses are proportional to VOUT2 and can
be considerably large in high voltage applications (VOUT
> 20V). The maximum transition loss is:
k
PTRAN ≈ VOUT 2 •ICHG(MAX) •CRSS • fSW
2
where k is related to the drive current during the Miller
plateau and is approximately equal to one.
The synchronous controller can operate in both step-down
and step-up mode with different voltages on VOUT in each
mode. If VOUT is 12V in step-down mode (input power
available) and 10V in step-up mode (backup mode) then
both MOSFETs can be sized to minimize conduction loss. If
VOUT can be as high as 25V while charging and VOUT is held
to 6V in backup mode, then the MOSFETs should be sized
to minimize losses during backup mode. This may lead to
choosing a high side MOSFET with significant transition
loss which may be tolerable when input power is available so long as thermal issues do not become a limiting
factor. The bottom MOSFET can be chosen to minimize
conduction loss. If step-up mode is unused, then choosing
a high side MOSFET that that has a higher RDS(ON) device
and lower CRSS would minimize overall losses.
Another power loss related to switching MOSFET selection
is the power lost to driving the gates. The total gate charge,
QG, must be charged and discharged each switching cycle.
The power is lost to the internal LDO and gate drivers within
the LTC3350. The power lost due to charging the gates is:
PG ≈ (QGTOP + QGBOT) • fSW • VOUT
where QGTOP is the top MOSFET gate charge and QGBOT
is the bottom MOSFET gate charge. Whenever possible,
utilize MOSFET switches that minimize the total gate charge
to limit the internal power dissipation of the LTC3350.
Schottky Diode Selection
Optional Schottky diodes can be placed in parallel with the
top and bottom MOSFET switches. These diodes clamp
SW during the non-overlap times between conduction of
the top and bottom MOSFET switches. This prevents the
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LTC3350
Applications Information
body diodes of the MOSFET switches from turning on,
storing charge during the non-overlap time and requiring
a reverse recovery period that could cost as much as 3%
in efficiency at high VIN. One or both diodes can be omitted if the efficiency loss can be tolerated. The diode can
be rated for about one-third to one-fifth of the full load
current since it is on for only a fraction of the duty cycle.
Larger diodes result in additional switching losses due to
their larger junction capacitance. In order for the diodes
to be effective, the inductance between them and the top
and bottom MOSFETs must be as small as possible. This
mandates that these components be placed next to each
other on the same layer of the PC board.
Top MOSFET Driver Supply (CB, DB)
An external bootstrap capacitor, CB, connected to the BST
pin supplies the gate drive voltage for the top MOSFET.
Capacitor CB, in Figure 8, is charged though an external
diode, DB, from DRVCC when the SW pin is low. The value
of the bootstrap capacitor, CB, needs to be 20 times that
of the total input capacitance of the top MOSFET.
With the top MOSFET on, the BST voltage is above the
system supply rail:
VBST = VOUT + VDRVCC
The reverse break down of the external diode, DB, must
be greater than VOUT(MAX) + VDRVCC(MAX).
The step-up converter can briefly run nonsynchronously
when used in conjunction with the output ideal diode. During this time the BST to SW voltage can pump up to voltages
exceeding 5.5V if DB is a Schottky diode. Fast switching PN
diodes are recommended due to their low leakage and junction capacitance. A Schottky diode can be used if the step-up
converter runs synchronous throughout backup mode.
BST
CB
LTC3350
DB
SW
DRVCC
INTVCC
0.1µF
1µF
OPT
>2.2µF
3350 F07
Figure 8. Bootstrap Capacitor/Diode and DRVCC Connections
INTVCC/DRVCC and IC Power Dissipation
The LTC3350 features a low dropout linear regulator
(LDO) that supplies power to INTVCC from the VOUT supply. INTVCC powers the gate drivers (when connected to
DRVCC) and much of the LTC3350’s internal circuitry. The
LDO regulates the voltage at the INTVCC pin to 5V. The
LDO can supply a maximum current of 50mA and must
be bypassed to ground with a minimum of 1μF when not
connected to DRVCC. DRVCC should have at least a 2.2μF
ceramic or low ESR electrolytic capacitor. No matter what
type of bulk capacitor is used on DRVCC, an additional
0.1μF ceramic capacitor placed directly adjacent to the
DRVCC pin is highly recommended. Good bypassing is
needed to supply the high transient currents required by
the MOSFET gate drivers.
High input voltage applications in which large MOSFETs
are being driven at high frequencies may cause the maximum junction temperature rating for the LTC3350 to be
exceeded. The INTVCC current, which is dominated by the
gate charge current, is supplied by the 5V LDO.
Power dissipation for the IC in this case is highest and is
approximately equal to (VOUT) • (IQ + IG), where IQ is the
non-switching quiescent current of ~4mA and IG is gate
charge current. The junction temperature can be estimated
by using the equations given in Note 2 of the Electrical
Characteristics. For example, the IG supplied by the INTVCC
LDO is limited to less than 42mA from a 35V supply in the
QFN package at a 70°C ambient temperature:
TJ = 70°C + (35V)(4mA + 42mA)(34°C/W) = 125°C
To prevent the maximum junction temperature from being
exceeded, the INTVCC LDO current must be checked while
operating in continuous conduction mode at maximum
VOUT.
The power dissipation in the IC is drastically reduced if
DRVCC is powered from an external LDO. In this case the
power dissipation in the IC is equal to power dissipation
due to IQ and the power dissipated in the gate drivers,
(VDRVCC) • (IG). Assuming the external DRVCC LDO output
is 5V and is supplying 42mA to the gate drivers, the junction temperature rises to only 82°C:
TJ = 70°C + [(35V)(4mA)+(5V)(42mA)](34°C/W) = 82°C
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29
LTC3350
Applications Information
The external LDO should be powered from VOUT. It must
be enabled after the INTVCC LDO has powered up and its
output must be less than 5.5V. INTVCC should no longer
be tied to DRVCC.
Minimum On-Time Considerations
Minimum on-time, tON(MIN), is the smallest time duration that the LTC3350 is capable of turning on the top
MOSFET in step-down mode. It is determined by internal
timing delays and the gate charge required to turn on the
top MOSFET. The minimum on-time for the LTC3350 is
approximately 85ns. Low duty cycle applications may
approach this minimum on-time limit and care should be
taken to ensure that:
tON(MIN) <
VCAP
VOUT • fSW
If the duty cycle falls below what can be accommodated
by the minimum on-time, the controller will begin to skip
cycles. The charge current and VCAP voltage will continue to
be regulated, but the ripple voltage and current will increase.
Ideal Diode MOSFET Selection
An external N-channel MOSFET is required for the input and
output ideal diodes. Important parameters for the selection
of these MOSFETs are the maximum drain-source voltage,
VDSS, gate threshold voltage and on-resistance (RDS(ON)).
When the input is grounded, either the supercapacitor stack
voltage or the step-up controller’s backup voltage is applied
across the input ideal diode MOSFET. Therefore, the VDSS of
the input ideal diode MOSFET must withstand the maximum
voltage on VOUT in backup mode. When the supercapacitors are at 0V, the input voltage is applied across the output
ideal diode MOSFET. Therefore, the VDSS of the output ideal
diode MOSFET must withstand the highest voltage on VIN.
The gate drive for both ideal diodes is 5V. This allows the
use of logic-level threshold N-channel MOSFETs.
As a general rule, select MOSFETs with a low enough
RDS(ON) to obtain the desired VDS while operating at full
load current. The LTC3350 will regulate the forward voltage
drop across the input and output ideal diode MOSFETs to
30mV if RDS(ON) is low enough. The required RDS(ON) can be
calculated by dividing 0.030V by the load current in amps.
30
Achieving forward regulation will minimize power loss and
heat dissipation, but it is not a necessity. If a forward voltage drop of more than 30mV is acceptable, then a smaller
MOSFET can be used but must be sized compatible with
the higher power dissipation. Care should be taken to
ensure that the power dissipated is never allowed to rise
above the manufacturer’s recommended maximum level.
During backup mode, the output ideal diode shuts off
when the voltage on OUTFB falls below 1.3V. For high
VOUT backup voltages (>8.4V), the output ideal diode will
shut off when VCAP is more than a diode drop (~700mV)
above the VOUT regulation point (i.e., OUTFB > 1.2V). The
body diode of the output ideal diode N-channel MOSFET
will carry the load current until VCAP drops to within a
diode drop of the VOUT regulation voltage at which point
the synchronous controller takes over. During this period
the power dissipation in the output ideal diode MOSFET
increases significantly. Diode conduction time is small
compared to the overall backup time but can be significant
when discharging very large supercapacitors (>600F). Care
should be taken to properly heat sink the MOSFET to limit
the temperature rise.
PCB Layout Considerations
When laying out the printed circuit board, the following
guidelines should be used to ensure proper operation of
the IC. Check the following in your layout:
1. Keep MN1, MN2, D1, D2 and COUT close together.
The high di/dt loop formed by the MOSFETs, Schottky
diodes and the VOUT capacitance, shown in Figure 9,
should have short, wide traces to minimize high
frequency noise and voltage stress from inductive
ringing. Surface mount components are preferred to
reduce parasitic inductances from component leads.
D1
MN1
VOUT
COUT
L1
RSNSC
VCAP
+
HIGH
FREQUENCY
CIRCULATING
PATH
+
MN2
D2
CCAP
+
+
3350 F09
Figure 9. High Speed Switching Path
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LTC3350
Applications Information
Connect the drain of the top MOSFET and cathode of
the top diode directly to the positive terminal of COUT.
Connect the source of the bottom MOSFET and anode
of the bottom diode directly to the negative terminal
of COUT. This capacitor provides the AC current to the
MOSFETs.
2. Ground is referenced to the negative terminal of the
VCAP decoupling capacitor in step-down mode and to
the negative terminal of the VOUT decoupling capacitor
in step-up mode. The negative terminal of COUT should
be as close as possible to the negative terminal of
CCAP by placing the capacitors next to each other and
away from the switching loop described above. The
combined IC SGND pin/PGND paddle and the ground
returns of CINTVCC and CDRVCC must return to the combined negative terminal of COUT and CCAP.
3. Effective grounding techniques are critical for successful DC/DC converter layouts. Orient power components
such that switching current paths in the ground plane
do not cross through the SGND pin and exposed pad
on the backside of the LTC3350 IC. Switching path
currents can be controlled by orienting the MOSFET
switches, Schottky diodes, the inductor, and VOUT and
VCAP decoupling capacitors in close proximity to each
other.
4. Locate VCAP and VOUT dividers near the part and away
from switching components. Kelvin the top of resistor
dividers to the positive terminals of CCAP and COUT,
respectively. The bottom of the resistive dividers should
go back to the SGND pin. The feedback resistor connections should not be run along the high current feeds
from the COUT capacitor.
5. Route ICAP and VCAP sense lines together, keep them
short. Same with VOUTSP and VOUTSN. Filter components should be placed near the part and not near
the sense resistors. Ensure accurate current sensing
with Kelvin connections at the sense resistors. See
Figure 10.
6. The trace from the positive terminal of the input current
sense resistor, RSNSI, to the VOUTSP pin carries the
part’s quiescent and gate drive currents. To maintain
accurate measurement of the input current keep this
trace short and wide by placing RSNSI near the part.
DIRECTION OF SENSED CURRENT
RSNSC
OR
RSNSI
3350 F10
TO ICAP TO VCAP
OR
OR
VOUTSP VOUTSN
Figure 10. Kelvin Current Sensing
7. Locate the DRVCC and BST decoupling capacitors in
close proximity to the IC. These capacitors carry the
MOSFET drivers’ high peak currents. An additional 0.1μF
ceramic capacitor placed immediately next to the DRVCC
pin can help improve noise performance substantially.
8. Locate the small-signal components away from high
frequency switching nodes (BST, SW, TG, and BG). All
of these nodes have very large and fast moving signals
and should be kept on the output side of the LTC3350.
9. The input ideal diode senses the voltage between VIN
and VOUTSP. VIN should be connected near the source
of the input ideal diode MOSFET. VOUTSP is used for
Kelvin sensing the input current. Place the input current sense resistor, RSNSI, near the input ideal diode
MOSFET with a short, wide trace to minimize resistance
between the drain of the ideal diode MOSFET and RSNSI.
10. The output ideal diode senses the voltage between
VOUTSN and VCAP. VCAP is used for Kelvin sensing
the charge current. Place the output ideal diode near
the charge current sense resistor, RSNSC, with a short,
wide trace to minimize resistance between the source
of the ideal diode MOSFET and RSNSC.
11. The INFET and OUTFET pins for the external ideal diode
controllers have extremely limited drive current. Care
must be taken to minimize leakage to adjacent PC board
traces. 100nA of leakage from these pins will introduce
an additional offset to the ideal diodes of approximately
10mV. To minimize leakage, the INFET trace can be
guarded on the PC board by surrounding it with VOUT
connected metal. Similarly, the OUTFET trace should be
guarded by surrounding it with VCAP connected metal.
12. The VCC2P5 bypass capacitor should return to ground
away from switching and gate drive current paths.
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31
LTC3350
Register Map
REGISTER
SUB ADDR
R/W
BITS
DESCRIPTION
clr_alarms
0x00
R/W
15:0
Clear alarms register
DEFAULT
PAGE
0x0000
33
msk_alarms
0x01
R/W
15:0
Enable/mask alarms register
0x0000
33
msk_mon_status
0x02
R/W
9:0
Enable/mask monitor status alerts
0x0000
34
cap_esr_per
0x04
R/W
15:0
Capacitance/ESR measurement period
0x0000
34
vcapfb_dac
0x05
R/W
3:0
VCAP voltage reference DAC setting
vshunt
0x06
R/W
15:0
Capacitor shunt voltage setting
0xF
34
0x3999
34
cap_uv_lvl
0x07
R/W
15:0
Capacitor undervoltage alarm level
0x0000
34
cap_ov_lvl
0x08
R/W
15:0
Capacitor overvoltage alarm level
0x0000
34
gpi_uv_lvl
0x09
R/W
15:0
GPI undervoltage alarm level
0x0000
34
gpi_ov_lvl
0x0A
R/W
15:0
GPI overvoltage alarm level
0x0000
34
vin_uv_lvl
0x0B
R/W
15:0
VIN undervoltage alarm level
0x0000
35
vin_ov_lvl
0x0C
R/W
15:0
VIN overvoltage alarm level
0x0000
35
vcap_uv_lvl
0x0D
R/W
15:0
VCAP undervoltage alarm level
0x0000
35
vcap_ov_lvl
0x0E
R/W
15:0
VCAP overvoltage alarm level
0x0000
35
vout_uv_lvl
0x0F
R/W
15:0
VOUT undervoltage alarm level
0x0000
35
vout_ov_lvl
0x10
R/W
15:0
VOUT overvoltage alarm level
0x0000
35
iin_oc_lvl
0x11
R/W
15:0
IIN overcurrent alarm level
0x0000
35
ichg_uc_lvl
0x12
R/W
15:0
ICHG undercurrent alarm level
0x0000
35
dtemp_cold_lvl
0x13
R/W
15:0
Die temperature cold alarm level
0x0000
35
dtemp_hot_lvl
0x14
R/W
15:0
Die temperature hot alarm level
0x0000
35
esr_hi_lvl
0x15
R/W
15:0
ESR high alarm level
0x0000
35
cap_lo_lvl
0x16
R/W
15:0
Capacitance low alarm level
0x0000
35
ctl_reg
0x17
R/W
3:0
Control register
0b0000
36
num_caps
0x1A
R
1:0
Number of capacitors configured
–
36
chrg_status
0x1B
R
11:0
Charger status register
–
36
mon_status
0x1C
R
9:0
Monitor status register
–
37
alarm_reg
0x1D
R
15:0
Active alarms register
0x0000
37
meas_cap
0x1E
R
15:0
Measured capacitance value
–
38
meas_esr
0x1F
R
15:0
Measured ESR value
–
38
meas_vcap1
0x20
R
15:0
Measured capacitor one voltage
–
38
meas_vcap2
0x21
R
15:0
Measured capacitor two voltage
–
38
meas_vcap3
0x22
R
15:0
Measured capacitor three voltage
–
38
meas_vcap4
0x23
R
15:0
Measured capacitor four voltage
–
38
meas_gpi
0x24
R
15:0
Measured GPI pin voltage
–
38
meas_vin
0x25
R
15:0
Measured VIN voltage
–
38
meas_vcap
0x26
R
15:0
Measured VCAP voltage
–
38
meas_vout
0x27
R
15:0
Measured VOUT voltage
–
38
meas_iin
0x28
R
15:0
Measured IIN current
–
38
meas_ichg
0x29
R
15:0
Measured ICHG current
–
38
meas_dtemp
0x2A
R
15:0
Measured die temperature
–
38
Registers at sub address 0x03, 0x18, 0x19, 0x2B-0xFF are unused.
32
3350fc
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LTC3350
Register Descriptions
clr_alarms (0x00)
Clear Alarms Register: This register is used to clear alarms caused by exceeding a programmed limit. Writing a one to any bit in this register will cause its
respective alarm to be cleared. The one written to this register is automatically cleared when its respective alarm is cleared.
BIT(S)
BIT NAME
DESCRIPTION
0
clr_cap_uv
Clear capacitor undervoltage alarm
1
clr_cap_ov
Clear capacitor overvoltage alarm
2
clr_gpi_uv
Clear GPI undervoltage alarm
3
clr_gpi_ov
Clear GPI overvoltage alarm
4
clr_vin_uv
Clear VIN undervoltage alarm
5
clr_vin_ov
Clear VIN overvoltage alarm
6
clr_vcap_uv
Clear VCAP undervoltage alarm
7
clr_vcap_ov
Clear VCAP overvoltage alarm
8
clr_vout_uv
Clear VOUT undervoltage alarm
9
clr_vout_ov
Clear VOUT overvoltage alarm
10
clr_iin_oc
Clear input overcurrent alarm
11
clr_ichg_uc
Clear charge undercurrent alarm
12
clr_dtemp_cold
Clear die temperature cold alarm
13
clr_dtemp_hot
Clear die temperature hot alarm
14
clr_esr_hi
Clear ESR high alarm
15
clr_cap_lo
Clear capacitance low alarm
msk_alarms (0x01)
Mask Alarms Register: Writing a one to any bit in the Mask Alarms Register enables its respective alarm to trigger an SMBALERT.
BIT(S)
BIT NAME
DESCRIPTION
0
msk_cap_uv
Enable capacitor undervoltage alarm
1
msk_cap_ov
Enable capacitor overvoltage alarm
2
msk_gpi_uv
Enable GPI undervoltage alarm
3
msk_gpi_ov
Enable GPI overvoltage alarm
4
msk_vin_uv
Enable VIN undervoltage alarm
5
msk_vin_ov
Enable VIN overvoltage alarm
6
msk_vcap_uv
Enable VCAP undervoltage alarm
7
msk_vcap_ov
Enable VCAP overvoltage alarm
8
msk_vout_uv
Enable VOUT undervoltage alarm
9
msk_vout_ov
Enable VOUT overvoltage alarm
10
msk_iin_oc
Enable input overcurrent alarm
11
msk_ichg_uc
Enable charge undercurrent alarm
12
msk_dtemp_cold
Enable die temperature cold alarm
13
msk_dtemp_hot
Enable die temperature hot alarm
14
msk_esr_hi
Enable ESR high alarm
15
msk_cap_lo
Enable capacitance low alarm
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
33
LTC3350
Register Descriptions
msk_mon_status (0x02)
Mask Monitor Status Register: Writing a one to any bit in this register enables a rising edge of its respective bit in the mon_status register to trigger an
SMBALERT.
BIT(S)
BIT NAME
DESCRIPTION
0
msk_mon_capesr_active
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_capesr_active
1
msk_mon_capesr_scheduled
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_capesr_scheduled
2
msk_mon_capesr_pending
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_capesr_pending
3
msk_mon_cap_done
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_cap_done
4
msk_mon_esr_done
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_esr_done
5
msk_mon_cap_failed
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_cap_failed
6
msk_mon_esr_failed
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_esr_failed
7
–
Reserved, write to 0
8
msk_mon_power_failed
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_power_failed
9
msk_mon_power_returned
Set the SMBALERT when there is a rising edge on mon_power_returned
–
Reserved, write to 0
15:10
cap_esr_per (0x04) 10 seconds per LSB
Capacitance and ESR Measurement Period: This register sets the period of repeated capacitance and ESR measurements. Each LSB represents 10
seconds. Capacitance and ESR measurements will not repeat if this register is zero.
vcapfb_dac (0x05)
CAPFBREF = 37.5mV • vcapfb_dac + 637.5mV
VCAP Regulation Reference: This register is used to program the capacitor voltage feedback loop’s reference voltage. Only bits 3:0 are active.
vshunt (0x06)
183.5µV per LSB
Shunt Voltage Register: This register programs the shunt voltage for each capacitor in the stack. The charger will limit current and the active shunts will
shunt current to prevent this voltage from being exceeded. As a capacitor voltage nears this level, the charge current will be reduced. This should be
programmed higher than the intended final balanced individual capacitor voltage. Setting this register to 0x0000 disables the shunt.
cap_uv_lvl (0x07)
183.5µV per LSB
Capacitor Undervoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for each individual capacitor voltage in the stack. If enabled, any capacitor voltage falling below
this level will trigger an alarm and an SMBALERT.
cap_ov_lvl (0x08)
183.5µV per LSB
Capacitor Overvoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for each individual capacitor in the stack. If enabled, any capacitor voltage rising above this level
will trigger an alarm and an SMBALERT.
gpi_uv_lvl (0x09)
183.5µV per LSB
General Purpose Input Undervoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for the GPI pin. If enabled, the voltage falling below this level will trigger an alarm
and an SMBALERT.
gpi_ov_lvl (0x0A)
183.5µV per LSB
General Purpose Input Overvoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for the GPI pin. If enabled, the voltage rising above this level will trigger an alarm and
an SMBALERT.
34
3350fc
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LTC3350
Register Descriptions
vin_uv_lvl (0x0B)
2.21mV per LSB
VIN Undervoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for the input voltage. If enabled, the voltage falling below this level will trigger an alarm and an
SMBALERT.
vin_ov_lvl (0x0C)
2.21mV per LSB
VIN Overvoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for the input voltage. If enabled, the voltage rising above this level will trigger an alarm and an
SMBALERT.
vcap_uv_lvl (0x0D)
1.476mV per LSB
VCAP Undervoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for the capacitor stack voltage. If enabled, the voltage falling below this level will trigger an alarm and
an SMBALERT.
vcap_ov_lvl (0x0E)
1.476mV per LSB
VCAP Overvoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for the capacitor stack voltage. If enabled, the voltage rising above this level will trigger an alarm and
an SMBALERT.
vout_uv_lvl (0x0F)
2.21mV per LSB
VOUT Undervoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for the output voltage. If enabled, the voltage falling below this level will trigger an alarm and an
SMBALERT.
vout_ov_lvl (0x10)
2.21mV per LSB
VOUT Overvoltage Level: This is an alarm threshold for the output voltage. If enabled, the voltage rising above this level will trigger an alarm and an
SMBALERT.
iin_oc_lvl (0x11)
1.983µV/RSNSI per LSB
Input Overcurrent Level: This is an alarm threshold for the input current. If enabled, the current rising above this level will trigger an alarm and an
SMBALERT.
ichg_uc_lvl (0x12)
1.983µV/RSNSC per LSB
Charge Undercurrent Level: This is an alarm threshold for the charge current. If enabled, the current falling below this level will trigger an alarm and an
SMBALERT.
dtemp_cold_lvl (0x13)
Temperature = 0.028°C per LSB – 251.4°C
Die Temperature Cold Level: This is an alarm threshold for the die temperature. If enabled, the die temperature falling below this level will trigger an alarm
and an SMBALERT.
dtemp_hot_lvl (0x14)
Temperature = 0.028°C per LSB – 251.4°C
Die Temperature Hot Level: This is an alarm threshold for the die temperature. If enabled, the die temperature rising above this level will trigger an alarm
and an SMBALERT.
RSNSC/64 per LSB
esr_hi_lvl (0x15)
ESR High Level: This is an alarm threshold for the measured stack ESR. If enabled, a measurement of stack ESR exceeding this level will trigger an alarm
and an SMBALERT.
cap_lo_lvl (0x16)
336µF • RT/RTST per LSB
Capacitance Low Level: This is an alarm threshold for the measured stack capacitance. If enabled, if the measured stack capacitance is less than this level
it will trigger an alarm and an SMBALERT. When ctl_cap_scale is set to one the constant is 3.36 • RT/RTST.
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
35
LTC3350
Register Descriptions
ctl_reg (0x17)
Control Register: Several Control Functions are grouped into this register.
BIT(S)
BIT NAME
DESCRIPTION
0
ctl_strt_capesr
Begin a capacitance and ESR measurement when possible; this bit clears itself
once a cycle begins.
1
ctl_gpi_buffer_en
A one in this bit location enables the input buffer on the GPI pin. With a zero in this
location the GPI pin is measured without the buffer.
2
ctl_stop_capesr
Stops an active capacitance/ESR measurement.
3
ctl_cap_scale
Increases capacitor measurement resolution by 100x, this is used when measuring
smaller capacitors.
–
Reserved
15:4
num_caps (0x1A)
Number of Capacitors: This register shows the state of the CAP_SLCT1, CAP_SLCT0 pins. The value read in this register is the number of capacitors
programmed minus one.
VALUE
CAPACITORS
0b00
1 Capacitor Selected
0b01
2 Capacitors Selected
0b10
3 Capacitors Selected
0b11
4 Capacitors Selected
chrg_status (0x1B)
Charger Status Register: This register provides real time status information about the state of the charger system. Each bit is active high.
BIT(S)
BIT NAME
DESCRIPTION
0
chrg_stepdown
The synchronous controller is in step-down mode (charging)
1
chrg_stepup
The synchronous controller is in step-up mode (backup)
2
chrg_cv
The charger is in constant voltage mode
3
chrg_uvlo
The charger is in undervoltage lockout
4
chrg_input_ilim
The charger is in input current limit
5
chrg_cappg
The capacitor voltage is above power good threshold
6
chrg_shnt
The capacitor manager is shunting
7
chrg_bal
The capacitor manager is balancing
8
chrg_dis
The charger is temporarily disabled for capacitance measurement
9
chrg_ci
The charger is in constant current mode
10
–
Reserved
11
chrg_pfo
Input voltage is below PFI threshold
–
Reserved
15:12
36
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
LTC3350
Register Descriptions
mon_status (0x1C)
Monitor Status: This register provides real time status information about the state of the monitoring system. Each bit is active high.
BIT(S)
BIT NAME
DESCRIPTION
0
mon_capesr_active
Capacitance/ESR measurement is in progress
1
mon_capesr_scheduled
Waiting programmed time to begin a capacitance/ESR measurement
2
mon_capesr_pending
Waiting for satisfactory conditions to begin a capacitance/ESR measurement
3
mon_cap_done
Capacitance measurement has completed
4
mon_esr_done
ESR Measurement has completed
5
mon_cap_failed
The last attempted capacitance measurement was unable to complete
6
mon_esr_failed
The last attempted ESR measurement was unable to complete
7
–
Reserved
8
mon_power_failed
This bit is set when VIN falls below the PFI threshold or the charger is unable to
charge. It is cleared only when power returns and the charger is able to charge.
9
mon_power_returned
This bit is set when the input is above the PFI threshold and the charger is able to
charge. It is cleared only when mon_power_failed is set.
–
Reserved
15:10
alarm_reg (0x1D)
Alarms Register: A one in any bit in the register indicates its respective alarm has triggered. All bits are active high.
BIT(S)
BIT NAME
DESCRIPTION
0
alarm_cap_uv
Capacitor undervoltage alarm
1
alarm_cap_ov
Capacitor overvoltage alarm
2
alarm_gpi_uv
GPI undervoltage alarm
3
alarm_gpi_ov
GPI overvoltage alarm
4
alarm_vin_uv
VIN undervoltage alarm
5
alarm_vin_ov
VIN overvoltage alarm
6
alarm_vcap_uv
VCAP undervoltage alarm
7
alarm_vcap_ov
VCAP overvoltage alarm
8
alarm_vout_uv
VOUT undervoltage alarm
9
alarm_vout_ov
VOUT overvoltage alarm
10
alarm_iin_oc
Input overcurrent alarm
11
alarm_ichg_uc
Charge undercurrent alarm
12
alarm_dtemp_cold
Die temperature cold alarm
13
alarm_dtemp_hot
Die temperature hot alarm
14
alarm_esr_hi
ESR high alarm
15
alarm_cap_lo
Capacitance low alarm
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
37
LTC3350
Register Descriptions
meas_cap (0x1E)
336µF • RT/RTST per LSB
Measured capacitor stack capacitance value. When ctl_cap_scale is set to one the constant is 3.36µF • RT/RTST.
meas_esr (0x1F)
RSNSC/64 per LSB
Measured capacitor stack equivalent series resistance (ESR) value
meas_vcap1 (0x20)
183.5µV per LSB
Measured voltage between the CAP1 and CAPRTN pins.
meas_vcap2 (0x21)
183.5µV per LSB
Measured voltage between the CAP2 and CAP1 pins.
meas_vcap3 (0x22)
183.5µV per LSB
Measured voltage between the CAP3 and CAP2 pins.
meas_vcap4 (0x23) 183.5µV per LSB
Measured voltage between the CAP4 and CAP3 pins.
meas_gpi (0x24) 183.5µV per LSB
Measurement of GPI pin voltage.
meas_vin (0x25) 2.21mV per LSB
Measured Input Voltage.
meas_vcap (0x26)
1.476mV per LSB
Measured Capacitor Stack Voltage.
meas_vout (0x27)
2.21mV per LSB
Measured Output Voltage.
1.983µV/RSNSI per LSB
meas_iin (0x28)
Measured Input Current.
meas_ichg (0x29) 1.983µV/RSNSC per LSB
Measured Charge Current.
meas_dtemp (0x2A)
Temperature = 0.028°C per LSB – 251.4°C
Measured die temperature.
38
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
LTC3350
Typical Applications
Application Circuit 1. 25V to 35V, 6.4A Supercapacitor Charger with 2A Input Current Limit and 28V, 50W Backup Mode
RPF1
80.6k
RPF2
4.53k
R1
10k
VOUT
28V
50W IN BACKUP
C2
1µF
C1
0.1µF
25V RISING THRESHOLD
22V FALLING THRESHOLD
VDD
RSNSI
0.016Ω
MN1
SiS434DN
VIN
25V TO 35V
VIN INFET VOUTM5 VOUTSP VOUTSN OUTFET
RPF3
39.2k
PFI
Si1555DL
R2
10k
R3
10k
OUTFB
DRVCC
INTVCC
R7
10k
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
TGATE
VCC2P5
BGATE
RFBO1
665k
C4
0.1µF
RFBO2
29.4k
C3
4.7µF
MN2
SiS434DN
SW
+
COUT1
82µF
L1
6.8µH
MN3
SiS434DN
COUT2
10µF
×2
RSNSC
0.005Ω
CCAP
47µF
LTC3350
R4
100k
CAP_SLCT0
CAP_SLCT1
C5
1µF
GPI
VC
T
BST
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
DB
B0540WS
CB
0.1µF
CFBO1
120pF
RT
RT1
100k
CC
1.2nF
R5
107k
R6
121Ω
ITST
SGND
PGND
ICAP
VCAP
CFP
CFN
VCAPP5
CF
0.1µF
CCP5
0.1µF
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
CAPRTN
CAPFB
RCAP4 2.7Ω
RCAP3 2.7Ω
CAP4 5F
RCAP2 2.7Ω
CAP3 5F
RCAP1 2.7Ω
CAP2 5F
RCAPRTN 2.7Ω
CAP1 5F
+
+
RFBC1
866k
+
RFBC2
118k
+
3350 TA02
CAP1-4: NESSCAP ESHSR-0005C0-002R7
L1: COILCRAFT XAL7070-682ME
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
39
LTC3350
Typical Applications
Application Circuit 2. 11V to 20V, 16A Supercapacitor Charger with 6.4A Input Current Limit and 10V, 60W Backup Mode
RPF1
806k
VDD
R2
10k
R3
10k
PFI
OUTFB
DRVCC
INTVCC
BST
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
TGATE
VCC2P5
BGATE
DB
B0540WS
RFBO1
619k
COUT2
22µF
×4
C3
4.7µF
MN2
BSC026N02KS
SW
COUT1
82µF
×4
RFBO2
89.5k
C4
0.1µF
CB
0.47µF
+
L1
2.2µH
RSNSC
0.002Ω
MN3
BSC046N02KS ×2
CCAP
47µF
LTC3350
R4
100k
CAP_SLCT0
CAP_SLCT1
C5
1µF
ICAP
VCAP
CFP
GPI
CFN
VCAPP5
VC
T
CFBO1
120pF
VIN INFET VOUTM5 VOUTSP VOUTSN OUTFET
RPF2
100k
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
VOUT
10V
60W IN BACKUP
C2
1µF
C1
0.1µF
R1
10k
RSNSI
0.005Ω
MN1
SiR422DP
VIN
11V TO 20V
RT
RT1
100k
CC
10nF
R5
133k
R6
121Ω
CF
0.1µF
RCAP4 2.7Ω
CCP5
0.1µF
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
ITST
SGND
PGND
RCAP3 2.7Ω
CAP4 360F
RCAP2 2.7Ω
CAP3 360F
RCAP1 2.7Ω
CAP2 360F
RCAPRTN 2.7Ω
CAPRTN
CAPFB
CAP1 360F
+
+
RFBC1
845k
+
RFBC2
150k
+
3350 TA03
CAP1-4: NESSCAP ESHSR-0360CO-002R7
L1: VISHAY IHLP5050FDER2R2MO1
Application Circuit 3. 11V to 20V, 5.3A LiFePO4 Battery Charger with 4.6A Input Current Limit and 12V, 48W Backup Mode
RPF1
806k
VDD
R2
10k
R3
10k
VIN INFET VOUTM5 VOUTSP VOUTSN OUTFET
PFI
BST
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
TGATE
VCC2P5
BGATE
DB
B0540WS
CB
0.1µF
CFBO1
120pF
RFBO1
649k
C4
0.1µF
RFBO2
71.5k
C3
4.7µF
MN2
BSZ060NE2LS
SW
COUT1
47µF
×2
L1
3.3µH
CAP_SLCT1
CAP_SLCT0
C5
1µF
GPI
VC
RT
RT1
100k
CC
4.7nF
R5
71.5k
R6
10M
ITST
SGND
PGND
ICAP
VCAP
CFP
CFN
VCAPP5
CF
0.1µF
CCP5
0.1µF
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
CAPRTN
CAPFB
COUT2
2.2µF
×2
RSNSC
0.006Ω
CCAP
22µF
×4
MN3
BSZ060NE2LS
LTC3350
R4
100k
T
OUTFB
DRVCC
INTVCC
RPF2
100k
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
VOUT
12V
48W IN BACKUP
C2
1µF
C1
0.1µF
R1
10k
RSNSI
0.007Ω
MN1
SiS438DN
VIN
11V TO 20V
RCAP3 3.6Ω
RCAP2 3.6Ω
RCAP1 3.6Ω
RCAPRTN 3.6Ω
+
+
+
RFBC1
909k
RFBC2
118k
3350 TA04
VSHUNT = 3.6V
L1: COILCRAFT XAL7070-332ME
40
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
LTC3350
Typical Applications
Application Circuit 4. 11V to 35V, 4A Supercapacitor Charger with 2A Input Current Limit and 10V, 1A Backup Mode
RPF1
806k
VDD
R2
10k
VIN INFET VOUTM5 VOUTSP VOUTSN OUTFET
PFI
OUTFB
DRVCC
INTVCC
RPF2
100k
R3
10k
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
BST
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
TGATE
VCC2P5
BGATE
CFBO1
100pF
RFBO1
665k
C4
0.1µF
RFBO2
90.9k
C3
4.7µF
DB
1N4448HWT
CB
0.1µF
+
MN2
SiR426DP
SW
C5
1µF
CAP_SLCT0
ICAP
CAP_SLCT1
VCAP
CFP
GPI
CFN
VCAPP5
VC
RT
RT1
100k
CC
10nF
R5
107k
R6
121Ω
MN3
SiR426DP
SGND
PGND
RSNSC
0.008Ω
CCAP
47µF
D2
DFLS240
C6
220pF
CF
0.1µF
RCAP4 2.7Ω
CCP5
0.1µF
RCAP3 2.7Ω
CAP4 10F
RCAP2 2.7Ω
CAP3 10F
RCAP1 2.7Ω
CAP2 10F
RCAPRTN 2.7Ω
CAP1 10F
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
ITST
COUT2
10µF
×2
COUT1
82µF
D1
DFLS240 L1
4.7µH
LTC3350
R4
100k
T
VOUT
10V
10W IN BACKUP
C2
1µF
C1
0.1µF
R1
10k
RSNSI
0.016Ω
MN1
SiR426DP
VIN
11V TO 35V
CAPRTN
CAPFB
+
+
RFBC1
590k
+
RFBC2
118k
+
3350 TA05
CAP1-4: NESSCAP ESHSR-0010C0-002R7
L1: VISHAY IHLP5050FDER47MO1
Application Circuit 5. 11V to 20V, 4A Supercapacitor Charger with 2A Input Current Limit and 5V, 2A Backup Mode
C2
1µF
C1
0.1µF
RPF1
806k
VDD
R1
10k
R2
10k
R3
10k
VIN INFET VOUTM5 VOUTSP VOUTSN OUTFET
PFI
OUTFB
DRVCC
INTVCC
BST
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
TGATE
VCC2P5
BGATE
DB
1N4448HWT
CB
0.1µF
CFBO1
100pF
RFBO1
665k
C4
0.1µF
RFBO2
210k
C3
4.7µF
MN2
SiR426DP
SW
MN3
SiR426DP
LTC3350
R4
100k
C5
1µF
CAP_SLCT0
ICAP
CAP_SLCT1
VCAP
CFP
GPI
VC
RT
RT1
100k
CC
10nF
R5
107k
R6
121Ω
ITST
SGND
PGND
VOUT
5V
10W IN BACKUP
MN4
SiR412DP
RPF2
100k
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
T
RSNSI
0.016Ω
MN1
SiR412DP
VIN
11V TO 20V
CFN
VCAPP5
+
COUT1
82µF
COUT2
10µF
×2
D1
DFLS240 L1
4.7µH
D2
DFLS240
RSNSC
0.008Ω
CCAP
47µF
C6
220pF
CF
0.1µF
CCP5
0.1µF
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
CAPRTN
CAPFB
RCAP4 2.7Ω
RCAP3 2.7Ω
CAP4 10F
RCAP2 2.7Ω
CAP3 10F
RCAP1 2.7Ω
CAP2 10F
RCAPRTN 2.7Ω
CAP1 10F
+
+
+
+
RFBC1
590k
RFBC2
118k
3350 TA06
CAP1-4: NESSCAP ESHSR-0010C0-002R7
L1: VISHAY IHLP5050FDER47MO1
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
3350fc
41
LTC3350
Typical Applications
Application Circuit 6. 11V to 15V, 2.3A Zeta-SEPIC High Voltage Capacitor Charger with 2A Input Current Limit and 10V, 25W Backup Mode
RPF1
158k
R2
10k
PFI
OUTFB
DRVCC
INTVCC
C3
4.7µF
BST
TGATE
VCC2P5
LTC3350
GPI
VC
CB
0.1µF
L1
4.7µH
CB2
4.7µF
MP1
Si7415DN
ITST
SGND
PGND
1Ω
10µF
10µF
L2
4.7µH
MN2
FDMC86520L
C6
470pF
C7
10µF
RSNSC
0.014Ω
VCAP
VCAPP5
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
CAPRTN
CAPFB
RT
R6
10M
RFBO2
100k
SW
BGATE
CFP
CFN
ICAP
CAP_SLCT0
CAP_SLCT1
C5
1µF
COUT
22µF
×5
Q1
Si1555DL
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
R5
107k
C4
0.1µF
R3
10k
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
CC
22nF
RFBO1
768k
VIN INFET VOUTM5 VOUTSP VOUTSN OUTFET
RPF2
20k
VDD
VOUT
10V
25W IN BACKUP
C2
1µF
C1
0.1µF
R1
10k
RSNSI
0.016Ω
MN1
FDMC7660S
VIN
11V TO 15V
+
CAP
2200µF
35V
×2
RCAPTOP
255k
RFBC1
787k
RCAPBOT
24.3k
RFBC2
28k
CAP: NICHICON UHW1V222MHD
L1, L2: COILCRAFT XAL4030-472ME
SET ctl_cap_scale TO 1
In a Zeta-SEPIC application there are several differences
in the monitoring features due to differences in how the
LTC3350 is configured. The capacitor voltage is measured
differently, it is no longer measured in the meas_vcap
register, but in the meas_vcap1 register. The scale factor
for meas_vcap1 must be adjusted for the resistor divider
connected to the CAP1 pin. Also in this configuration
the precision current load (ITST) for the capacitance test
cannot be used. The load on the capacitors are the external
dividers only. A capacitance measurement may still be
done. The results in the meas_cap_register will have an
LSB in Farads of:
CLSB =
42
–7
–5.6 •10
RT
⎡ ⎛ 0.2 ⎞ ⎛ RCAPTOP ⎞ ⎤ RL
In ⎢1– ⎜
⎟ ⎜ 1+
⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ VCAP ⎠ ⎝ RCAPBOT ⎠ ⎦
RFBC3
604k
CFBC
820pF
3350 TA07
where RL is the total resistance to ground in parallel with
the capacitor, RCAPTOP is the top divider resistor from
the capacitor to CAP1 and RCAPBOT is the bottom divider
resistor from CAP1 to ground. The above equation is for
when the ctl_cap_scale bit is set to one. ESR measurements
may be possible with large capacitors with larger ESR’s.
However, the accuracy of the ESR measurement in this
application is significantly reduced. The ESR measurement
in the meas_esr register must be scaled up by the resistor
divider ratio. The voltage at the CAP1 pin should be kept
below the VSHUNT setting.
The voltage at the CAP1 pin will be above the default shunt
value (2.7V) when VCAP is greater than 31V. In order to
continue charging to 35V, the shunts should be disabled
by setting vshunt to zero (0x0000).
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
LTC3350
Typical Applications
Application Circuit 7. 4.8V to 12V, 10A Supercapacitor Charger with 6.4A Input Current Limit and 5V, 30W Backup Mode
50µs FALLING
EDGE FILTER
RPF1
30.1k
VDD
R1
10k
R2
10k
VIN INFET VOUTM5 VOUTSP VOUTSN OUTFET
1M
PFI
OUTFB
DRVCC
INTVCC
10pF
MN4
Si1062X
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
BST
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
TGATE
VCC2P5
BGATE
DB
B0540WS
CB
0.1µF
CFBO1
100pF
RFBO1
665k
C4
0.1µF
RFBO2
210k
C3
10µF
MN2
SiS452DN
SW
COUT2
100µF
×6
L1
1µH
MN3
SiS452DN
COUT1
2.2µF
×2
RSNSC
0.003Ω
CCAP
47µF
LTC3350
R4
100k
CAP_SLCT0
CAP_SLCT1
C5
1µF
GPI
RT
RC
2k
CC
4.7nF
R5
88.7k
R6
121Ω
ICAP
VCAP
CFP
CFN
VCAPP5
VC
RT1
100k
VOUT
5V
30W IN BACKUP
C2
1µF
C1
0.1µF
RPF2
10k
R3
1k
T
RSNSI
0.005Ω
MN1
SiS452DN
VIN
4.8V TO 12V
ITST
SGND
PGND
CF
0.1µF
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
CAPRTN
CAPFB
CCP5
0.1µF
RCAP2 2.7Ω
RCAP1 2.7Ω
CAP2 50F
RCAPRTN 2.7Ω
CAP1 50F
+
RFBC1
732k
+
CAP1-2: NESSCAP ESHSR-0050C0-002R7
L1: COILCRAFT XAL7030-102ME
RFBC2
274k
3350 TA08
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
43
LTC3350
Package Description
Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings.
UHF Package
38-Lead Plastic QFN (5mm × 7mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1701 Rev C)
0.70 ±0.05
5.50 ±0.05
5.15 ±0.05
4.10 ±0.05
3.00 REF
3.15 ±0.05
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
0.25 ±0.05
0.50 BSC
5.5 REF
6.10 ±0.05
7.50 ±0.05
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED
5.00 ±0.10
0.75 ±0.05
PIN 1 NOTCH
R = 0.30 TYP OR
0.35 × 45° CHAMFER
3.00 REF
37
0.00 – 0.05
38
0.40 ±0.10
PIN 1
TOP MARK
(SEE NOTE 6)
1
2
5.15 ±0.10
5.50 REF
7.00 ±0.10
3.15 ±0.10
(UH) QFN REF C 1107
0.200 REF 0.25 ±0.05
R = 0.125
TYP
0.50 BSC
R = 0.10
TYP
BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
NOTE:
1. DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC PACKAGE
OUTLINE M0-220 VARIATION WHKD
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
44
4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.20mm ON ANY SIDE
5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED
6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION
ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE
3350fc
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection
of its circuits
as described
herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
For more
information
www.linear.com/LTC3350
LTC3350
Revision History
REV
DATE
DESCRIPTION
A
09/14
Modified IRMS equations in COUT and CCAP Capacitance section
27
Changed 5V to 6V in back-up mode under the Power MOSFET Selection section
28
Changed VCAP voltage reference DAC setting
32
Modified Application Circuit
42
Remove VCMI Common Mode Range from Electrical Characteristics
4
B
C
01/15
08/15
PAGE NUMBER
Remove Conditions on IPFO Falling and Rising
5
Change Analog-to-Digital Converter section
18
Change range in the General Purpose Input section to 0V to 5V
20
Change MN1 to MP1 just below Figure 6
23
Change M1, M2 to MN1, MN2 in the PCB Layout Considerations section
30
Increase page numbers to all entries on the Register Map
32
For meas_vcap change µV to mV
38
Change name to Application Circuit 6
42
Modified Order Information Table for temperature grade identified by label on shipping container
3
Modified Input Overvoltage Protection Section
17
Add sentence at the end of the first paragraph
18
Add three sentences to the end of the Capacitance and ESR Measurements section
19
Replace sentence in the Limit Checking and Alarms section
20
Modified Figure 3
22
Add new supplier to Table 2, Supercapacitor Suppliers
26
Add Note 12 in the PCB Considerations Layout section
31
Change reference from RTST/RT to RT/RTST on cap_lo_lvl description
35
Change reference from RTST/RT to RT/RTST on meas_cap description
38
Change value of RCAPBOT to 24.3k from 20k. Also add two sentences to the end of the text
42
3350fc
For more information www.linear.com/LTC3350
45
LTC3350
Typical Application
12V PCle Backup Controller
RSNSI
0.016Ω
MN1
SiS438DN
VIN
11V TO 20V
C2
1µF
C1
0.1µF
RPF1
806k
VDD
R1
10k
R2
10k
R3
10k
MN4
SiS438DN
VIN INFET VOUTM5 VOUTSP VOUTSN OUTFET
PFI
OUTFB
DRVCC
INTVCC
RPF2
100k
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
BST
PFO
CAPGD
SMBALERT
SCL
SDA
TGATE
VCC2P5
BGATE
RFBO1
649k
C4
0.1µF
RFBO2
162k
C3
4.7µF
CB
0.1µF
MN2
BSZ060NE2LS
SW
CAP_SLCT0
CAP_SLCT1
C5
1µF
ICAP
VCAP
CFP
GPI
CFN
VCAPP5
VC
T
DB
1N4448HWT
CFBO1
120pF
L1
3.3µH
MN3
BSZ060NE2LS
RT
RT1
100k
CC
10nF
R5
71.5k
R6
121Ω
CF
0.1µF
CCP5
0.1µF
CAP4
CAP3
CAP2
CAP1
ITST
GND
PGND
CAPRTN
CAPFB
COUT2
2.2µF
×2
COUT1
47µF
×2
RSNSC
0.006Ω
CCAP
22µF
×4
LTC3350
R4
100k
VOUT
6V
25W IN BACKUP
RCAP4 2.7Ω
RCAP3 2.7Ω
CAP4 10F
RCAP2 2.7Ω
CAP3 10F
RCAP1 2.7Ω
CAP2 10F
RCAPRTN 2.7Ω
CAP1 10F
+
+
+
+
RFBC1
866k
RFBC2
118k
3350 TA09
CAP1-4: NESSCAP ESHSR-0010C0-002R7
L1: COILCRAFT XAL7030-332ME
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